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1. Licensed by Controller of Certifying Authorities Government of India Registration Authority Get a Certificate select the Registration Authority office that provided you with a userid and password Certificate Management o RA a daba Downloads Help IDEET EA Offce Hyderabad HA Forfeedback on this site please write to the webmaster Copyright 2002 IDRBT Legal Disclaimer Privacy Policy E E 18 M Internet O IDRBT 2002 3 ORB 12 Enter the User ID and Password given to you by the Registration Authority and click Login button Login Page Microsoft Internet Explorer File Edit View Favorites Tools Help je Back mp 3 fi 0 search gt Favorites EM hHistory EA i Trust r Secusiy on NET IDRBT Certifying Authority Licensed by Controller of Certifying Authorities Government of India July 3 2002 Login Details Home Registration Authority Get a Certificate i es Enter the User ID and the Password given by the Registration Authority Certificate Management Downloads User ID fvbiju Help Passord a peee _ JIA 2 TT Login Reset Ifyou don t have credentials for accessing these sites and you believe you should have them please contact casenicemidrbt ac in Ed a 18 M Internet 13 You are advised to change your login password at the first login time Click the Certificate Management li
2. GE LIBgNYE LYTAKLOMRON Next IDRBT 2002 43 DRB 18 The details you have given are listed in the page You can click Back button to go back to any of your details If everything is perfect click Next button Y Disp li o in did ial Details F cresolt Internet Esp trer E ae 5 L Fle Edt wew Fauotes Took Help EI sjaperk SS Bean roe Quer he GM SS ae hipa 10 0 65 60 Saa bon ber Subs cn ber poet Cer best ed polen pote ep pe Lrs Gocgle EE Er dte Bin LESE os Be Sun sala Class af mia Certificate Class Ceriificate The Following Details will he used in certificate subject Hama Bgu Varghese Email Address Lvangheseme dil ac im Organization IERBT Organizadion Unt STL Localtylitry Hyderabad Siale 7 Andrhra Fradash Country Code ih submit Gartificate Request PEG 5 10 ho Any other Details xl r E For feedback on thie cka please miia to dia sabmerber Copyright DD 002 I6R T El 18 l mene IDRBT 2002 44 DRBI 19 Select the Cryptographic Service provider from the list provided If you have installed a smart card reader or hardware token in your machine the corresponding name will be listed there If you don t have a smart card reader or hardware token installed in you machine choose the Microsoft Base Cryptographic Provider v1 0 from the list In the below it shown for the Schlumberger Smart Card Reader E Individual Form Micro
3. MIViTF1YVr248ngGU0LD 1Y1dW142 74203 1Xbxbus65czkyF82J1 Downloads SnaS prPLdgzpBy a JaO0jPeS8Hlnes0QMlh42 feli TomzMb TOD 57ql1o0q9euPyz0Ww B et FXfqsDDi PE a a 51K4m3919DGF3abE Sa END CERTIFICATE REQUEST submit FKCS10 Request Forfeedback on this site please write to the webmaster Copyright amp 2002 IDRBT Legal Disclaimer Privacy Policy E Done 18 le Internet You will be informed with the Certificate Request number Query the Certificate request number for viewing the status of Certificate request 6 Logout from the system O IDRBT 2002 54 DRB 2 4 Downloading the Digital Certificate 1 Click the Certificate Management link on the homepage 2 Select the Registration Authority and login using User ID and Password 3 Click the View Status on the top bar Give the request number and Click Submit Button Y View Status Microsoft Internet Explorer e a os laj x File Edit wiew Favorites Tools Help 4 Bak gt amp fat O search Favorites History Eh Ej Address https 110 0 65 60 Sybscriber Subscriber CertManagementviewStatus jsp e 50 Links Es Google o Search Web Ge Search Site PageRank df Page Info me Highlight Trust r sec ein WOU ENTER ee Licensed by Controller of Certifying Authorities I y g y Government of India July 3 2002 View Status Home Mew Status Query Rewoke Suspend Activate Chan
4. exchange for the remainder of the session and to detect any tampering that may have occurred Servers may optionally be configured to require client authentication as well as server authentication In this case after server authentication is successfully completed the client must also present its certificate to the server to authenticate the client s identity before the encrypted SSL session can be established 1 10 Signed and Encrypted Email Some email programs support digitally signed and encrypted email using a widely accepted protocol known as Secure Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension S MIME Using S MIME to sign or encrypt email messages requires the sender of the message to have an S MIME certificate An email message that includes a digital signature provides some assurance that it was in fact sent by the person whose name appears in the message header thus providing authentication of the sender If the digital signature cannot be validated by the email software on the receiving end the user will be alerted The digital signature is unique to the message it accompanies If the message received differs in any way from the message that was sent even by the addition or deletion of a comma the digital signature cannot be validated Therefore signed email also provides some assurance that the email has not been tampered with As discussed at the beginning of this document this kind of assurance is known as norrrepud
5. or the signature may have been created with a private key that doesn t correspond to the public key presented by the signer If the two hashes match the recipient can be certain that the public key used to decrypt the digital signature corresponds to the private key used to create the digital signature Confirming the identity of the signer however also requires some way of confirming that the public key really belongs to a particular person or other entity The significance of a digital signature is comparable to the significance of a handwritten signature Once you have signed some data it is difficult to deny doing so later assuming that the private key has not been compromised or out of the IDRBT 2002 9 Paes J DRB owner s control This quality of digital signatures provides a high degree of non repudiation that is digital signatures make it difficult for the signer to deny having signed the data In some situations a digital signature may be as legally binding as a handwritten signature 1 5 Certificates and Authentication 1 5 1 A Certificate Identifies Someone or Something A certificate is an electronic document used to identify an individual a server a company or some other entity and to associate that identity with a public key Like a driver s license a passport or other commonly used personal IDs a certificate provides generally recognized proof of a person s identity Public key cryptography use
6. E Dom E E nterne D Logout of the system O IDRBT 2002 66 DRB 2 5 Suspending the Digital Certificate 1 Click the Certificate Management link on the homepage Select the Registration Authority and login using your User ID and Password Click the Suspend item in the top menu Proceed the same way as mentioned in the Revocation process 2 6 Downloading the IDRBT CA Root Certificate 1 Click the Download link on the homepage 2 Click the link suitable for your browser 3 Download Microsoft Internet Explorer e E l jx File Edit View Favorites Tools Help se Back p f fi 0 Search 3 Favorites EM hHistory Eh Ei Address https 1110 0 65 60 Subscriber Subscriber download jsp Go Links 2 Google Search Web Search Site PageRank Page Info Up Highlight SSS Trust amp Secusiy on GNR La LL gt g IDRET Certifying Authority Licensed by Controller of Certifying Authorities a L gt Ay Government of India July 3 2002 Download Home Registration Authority Get a Certificate IDRBT CA RootCA Certificate Certificate Management Downloads IDRETCA s root certificate do not come pre installed in your browser You will need it to validate a certificate which is In certification chain with the IDRBT CA s root certificate when you encrypt or digitally sign S MIME messages with such a certificate or when you make https connect
7. IDRBT CA general information about PKI Registration Authorities Information Technology Act Subscriber Agreement Privacy Statement Frequently Asked Questions IDRBT CA Help Desk etc Fig 1 shows the home page of http idrbtca org in Note This website will only be accessed on INFINET You are advised to become a member of INFINET to utilize the certification services offered by IDRBT CA IDRBT 2002 30 IDRBT Certifying Authority Microsoft Internet Explorer File Edit wiew Favorites Tools Help Back fai O search Favorites E History S r Address je http fidrbtca org in Go Links n Google o Search Web G Search Site PageHank dh Page Info fue Highlight 5 g e DE aa l wust PKI Services pkt IDRBT Certifying Authority Home AboutUs Products ContactUs SiteMap Feedback Corporate Profile Trust l CPS ao Security o INFINET Registration Authority IT Act 2000 Downloads IDRBT is an autonomous center for Development and Research In Banking Technology set up by Reserve Bank of India in Repository 1996 IDRBT owns the INFINET the communication backbone Resources for the Indian Banking and Financial sector Various inter bank Glossary and intra bank applications ranging from Simple Messaging FAQS MIS EFT ECS Electronic Debit Online Processing and Trading L ype in Government Securiti
8. J DRB Certificates help prevent the use of fake public keys for impersonation Only the public key certified by the certificate will work with the corresponding private key possessed by the entity identified by the certificate In addition to a public key a certificate always includes the name of the entity it identifies an expiration date the name of the CA that issued the certificate a serial number and other information Most importantly a certificate always includes the digital signature of the issuing CA The CA s digital signature allows the certificate to function as a letter of introduction for users who know and trust the CA but don t know the entity identified by the certificate 1 5 2 Authentication Confirms an Identity Authentication is the process of confirming an identity In the context of network interactions authentication involves the confident identification of one party by another party Authentication over networks can take many forms Certificates are one way of supporting authentication Network interactions typically take place between a client such as browser software running on a personal computer and a server such as the software and hardware used to host a Web site Client authentication refers to the confident identification of a dient by a server that is identification of the person assumed to be using the client software Server authentication refers to the confident identification of a server by
9. Last Names Surname Varghese First Mame Thomas El A A Y ea Done Bo Internet 2 2 Requesting an Encryption Certificate 1 Login to the website as per the procedure mentioned above For obtaining an Encryption certificate you must obtain a signing certificate prior to the application 2 Select Encryption Certificate from the certificate type in the Page 4 of the Certificate Request form It will prompt for obtaining a signing certificate prior to you application for Encryption Certificate IDRBT 2002 50 3 Individual Form Microsoft Internet Explorer File Edit View Favorites Tools Help Back p fi O search Favorites History EA Ei Goverment of India July 3 2002 Individual Form Registration Authority Instructions Columns marked with are mandatory as applicable 2 Forthe columns marked with details for atleast one is mandatroy Get a Certificate Certificate Management Downloads Page 4 of 4 Certificate Type Signing Certificate Certificate Class The Following Details will be used in certificate E subject Client Certificate Mame Object Signing Certificate Email Address Organization Organization Unit Locality City State El Done ME E PS Internet Microsoft Internet Explorer TF you want an Encryption Certificate make sure that ou have a Signing Certificate issued by the IDRET CA 3 Fill the details and
10. Services El Corporate Profile e IDRBT CA Certification Practice Statement CPS CPS e Subscriber Agreement Registration Authority e Relying Party Agreement e IDRBT CAS Privacy Statement TE IDRBT CA Certificates e Digital Certificate Renewal Repository e IDRBT CA PEI Hierarchy Resources e e IDRBT CA Registration Authorities Glossary FAQs Support Helpdesk Review Reports e Search for and Check the Status of a Digital Certificate Find a Certification Revocation List Certificate Status and Information ar 4 E http idrbtca org infrepository Atm Internet Fig 3 Repository Page You can proceed with the IDRBT CA Certification Services i trust PKI Services by clicking the link provided in the homepage as shown in Fig 4 lt Click here to proceed with the IDRBT CA Certification services IDRBT CA s Official website is visitesdsl Fig 4 You can select the type of certificate you need and can view the description and select the Class of certificate you require IDRBT 2002 33 After selecting the Class of certificate you need Click the appropriate link to obtain the certificate This will guide you to IDRBT CA Ss secured site https 10 0 65 60 Subscriber Subscriber IDRBT Certifying Authority Microsoft Internet Explorer l Mole jx File Edit View Favorites Tools Help d Back mb Y tal O search Favorites History Ey wi Address e https 10 0 65 60 Subscriber
11. Subscriber index jsp Go Links Google o Search Web Gli Search Site PageRank page Info fue Highlight sust amp sccusiy on MG bee IDRBT Certifying Authority Licensed by Controller of Certifying Authorities Government of India Get a Digital Cerificate Certificate Management Registration Authority Download Institute for Development and Research in banking Technology IDRBT is proud to be a Certifying Authority E 18 Internet Click the lock icon in the Internet Explorer status bar to view the Secure Server Certificate of IDRBT CA Website Fig 3 SSL Secured 126 Bit 1 M Interne Fig 3 O IDRBT 2002 34 gt DRA IDRBT CA Certification Services supports the following functionalities e Getting a Digital Certificate e Viewing Status of the Digital Certificate e Querying the Certificate details e Revoking a Digital Certificate e Suspending the Digital Certificate e Activating the Digital Certificate e Changing the Password e Changing the personal details e Getting others Digital Certificate e Downloading the IDRBT CA Root Certificate e Downloading the latest Certificate Revocation List 2 1 Procedures for requesting a Digital Certificate 1 Browse http idrbtca org in and go to the Downloads link Download the application form for Digital Certificate for different Classes O IDRBT 2002 35 IDRBT Certifying Authority Microsoft Inter
12. a client that is identification of the organization assumed to be responsible for the server at a particular network address Client and server authentication are not the only forms of authentication that certificates support For example the digital signature on an email message combined with the certificate that identifies the sender provide strong evidence that the person identified by that certificate did indeed send that message Similarly a digital signature on an HTML form combined with a certificate that identifies the signer can provide evidence after the fact that the person identified by that certificate did agree to the contents of the form In addition to authentication the IDRBT 2002 11 cl DREI digital signature in both cases ensures a degree of nonrepudiation that is a digital signature makes it difficult for the signer to claim later not to have sent the email or the form Client authentication is an essential element of network security within most intranets or extranets The sections that follow contrast two forms of client authentication e Password Based Authentication Almost all server software permits client authentication by means of a name and password For example a server might require a user to type a name and password before granting access to the server The server maintains a list of names and passwords if a particular name is on the list and if the user types the correct password the
13. an Server Certificate ccocccnncccnncccnnoccconocanononnnonornnonaranonannnonnons 53 2 4 Downloading the Digital Certificate ooonoococidinnccinnccnnccnnncnconcncnarnnnnrnnnarcnnancnnn 55 2 5 Suspending the Digital Certificate cccccccnccccnoccconocccnnacanonarnnonarononaranonanons 67 2 6 Downloading the IDRBT CA Root Certificate rrrrrrrnrrrrnnrrrnnvernverrnvenrnvenenn 67 2 7 Downloading the IDRBT CA CRL rrrrnnnnrvennnnvvennnnrvennnnvnenennvvensnnvnensnnrnensnnnnennnn 69 O IDRBT 2002 V Pare j DRB 1 Introduction 1 1 Introduction To Public Key Infrastructure 1 1 1 Internet Security Issues All communication over the Internet uses the Transmission Control Protocol Internet Protocol TCP IP TCP IP allows information to be sent from one computer to another through a variety of intermediate computers and separate networks before it reaches its destination The great flexibility of TCP IP has led to its worldwide acceptance as the basic Internet and intranet communications protocol At the same time the fact that TCP IP allows information to pass through intermediate computers makes it possible for a third party to interfere with communications in the following ways e Eavesdropping Information remains intact but its privacy is compromised For example someone could learn your credit card number record a sensitive conversation or intercept classified information e Tampering Inform
14. an object signing certificate 1 12 Contents of a Certificate The contents of certificates are organized according to the X 509 v3 certificate specification which has been recommended by the International Telecommunications Union ITU an international standards body since 1988 Users don t usually need to be concerned about the exact contents of a certificate However system administrators working with certificates may need some familiarity with the information provided here O IDRBT 2002 19 cl gt DRB 1 13 Distinguished Names An X 509 vs certificate binds a distinguished name DN to a public key A DN is a series of name value pairs such as uid biju that uniquely identify an entity that is the certificate subject For example this might be a typical DN for an employee of IDRBT uid bij e biju idrbt ac in cn Biju o IDRBT CA c IN The abbreviations before each equal sign in this example have these meanings e uid user ID e e email address e cn the user s common name e o organization e c country DNs may include a variety of other name value pairs They are used to identify both certificate subjects and entries in directories that support the Lightweight Directory Access Protocol LDAP The rules governing the construction of DNs can be quite complex and are beyond the scope of this document 1 14 A Typical Certificate Every X 509 certificate consists of two sections e he data
15. cet be SSS e ol da Ae Sey sued e a bee bre Sas Aa Die GS be alee eye e ll a AM e le ehes aae LEl Exponent 65537 0x100011 250973 extensions YEnNas3 Ra 1 Conserrsintra an 4 9 You can download the Certificate into the browser or to a file depending on whether that request is browser generated or a PKCS 10 request O IDRBT 2002 57 Certificate Microsoft Internet Explorer Hetscape Cert Type S MIME SoU9vs Subject Alternative Name email sovalsova corn SoU9vs CEL Distribution Points URI http idebtea org in erl cel URI http www idrbt cor Signature Algorithm shalWithRe Encryption SEE SG g TE sells lets e ea eee eye Masia eR se Aa eo A le 2 DA p ES A E a BES LaL e gs FF see el ae Ea ee ie MES e A ele a ad e tes a e eo S a eke p ET S LiL EBS TESE leed ques e as io laa g ke P k Les ola e AS g eE g La gari g 10 MON e get aeg Eige The eee la al E Ge aloe g EL g SE i Ea s ad SU Slee a a e el Oo aa a ela a ele E o Ela e lA OS g Sm p E n SS e aae eu o en aS aee Sa eme Lie LS gA lio ds e mae LS a AS e aga algia a Taa AES renat S Se la A Se oy qe see a ea HE e GEE Tig EGSA g a Aa ae BA gA aIde g Ua g BS E ci Ba ie S LE siaa Pres el GA eE eea as Saa GENER EB Sels SET S e eA eee GS g ILE e Sels BE E ra e Ae e Bier dS s Ela S ee a OS n la e aee Se ee a lee az 20 50 82 BrowserToken Smart Card C Download as a File Download REJECT E E ERA al fA Doci doc n E Display SE R Subscri
16. informed of the action being taken The procedure for becoming a Registration Authority are mentioned in the document entitled Rules and Guidelines for Registration Authorities IDRBT 2002 29 Pare j DRB 2 Getting started A Certifying Authority CA is a body that fulfills the need for trusted third party services in Electronic Commerce by issuing Digital Certificates that attests to some fact about the subject of the certificate A certificate is a digitally signed statement by a CA that provides independent confirmation of an attribute claimed by a person offering a Digital Signature For securing the transactions through INFINET IDRBT provides high end Public Key Infrastructure PKI based services and solutions to individuals organizations as well as governments that enable trust and security IDRBT has set up a high end global standards based processing Center at its campus at Hyderabad capable of issuing thousands of Digital Certificates an important component of PKI As a licensed Certifying Authority by the Controller of Certifying Authority CCA IDRBT CA will issue administer and revoke the digital certificates over INFINET IDRBT CA s i trust PKI Services are currently available only on INFINET Visit IDRBT CA s official website on INFINET at http idrbtca org in This website contains the information about the IDRBT CA Certification Practice Statement the classes of digital certificates offered by
17. section includes the following information o The version number of the X 509 standard supported by the certificate o The certificate s serial number Every certificate issued by a CA has a serial number that is unique among the certificates issued by that CA o Information o Information about the user s public key including the algorithm used and a representation of the key itself O IDRBT 2002 20 DRB o The DN of the CA that issued the certificate o The period during which the certificate is valid for example between 1 00 p m on June 26 2002 and 1 00 p m June 26 2003 o The DN of the certificate subject for example in a client SSL certificate this would be the user s DN also called the subject name o Optional certificate extensions which may provide additional data used by the client or server For example the certificate type extension indicates the type of certificate that is whether it is a client SSL certificate a server SSL certificate a certificate for signing email and so on Certificate extensions can also be used for a variety of other purposes e The signature section includes the following information o The cryptographic algorithm or cipher used by the issuing CA to create its own digital signature For more information about ciphers o The CA s digital signature obtained by hashing all of the data in the certificate together and encrypting it with the CA s private key Here are the data and si
18. server grants access e Certificate Based Authentication Client authentication based on certificates is part of the SSL protocol The client digitally signs a randomly generated piece of data and sends both the certificate and the signed data across the network The server uses techniques of public key cryptography to validate the signature and confirm the validity of the certificate 1 6 Password Based Authentication Figure 1 4 shows the basic steps involved in authenticating a client by means of a name and password Figure 1 4 assumes the following e The user has already decided to trust the server either without authentication or on the basis of server authentication via SSL e The user has requested a resource controlled by the server e The server requires client authentication before permitting access to the requested resource Figure 1 4 Using a password to authenticate a client to a server O IDRBT 2002 12 VA DRB od User enters name and password Web Server O Server author zes m access for Client sends name and eri cated password across network identity Seryer USES 7 password to authenticate users identity These are the steps shown in Figure 1 4 1 4 In response to an authentication request from the server the client displays a dialog box requesting the user s name and password for that server The user must supply a name and password separately for each new server the user wis
19. the client presents the user s certificate to authenticate the user to each new server it encounters Existing authorization mechanisms based on the authenticated user identity are not affected 1 8 How Certificates Are Used 1 8 1 Types of Certificates e Server SSL certificates Used to identify servers to clients via SSL server authentication Server authentication may be used with or without client authentication Server authentication is a requirement for an encrypted SSL session Example Internet sites that engage in electronic commerce commonly known as e commerce usually support certificate based server authentication at a minimum to establish an encrypted SSL session and to assure customers that they are dealing with a web site identified with a particular company The encrypted SSL session ensures that personal information sent over the network such as credit card numbers cannot easily be intercepted IDRBT 2002 16 lor e S MIME certificates Used for signed and encrypted email As with client SOL certificates the identity of the client is typically assumed to be the same as the identity of a human being such as an employee in an enterprise Examples A company deploys combined S MIME and SSL certificates solely for the purpose of authenticating employee identities thus permitting signed email and client SSL authentication but not encrypted email Another company issues S MIME certificates solely for
20. Click the Next button to proceed to the next page Individual Form Microsoft Internet Explorer File Edit View Favorites Tools Help da Back b search 3 Favorites EW hHistory Eh E Address E https 110 0 65 60 subscriber Subscriber GetCertificate Individual jep Google ge Search Web Ge Search Site PageRank Page Info gle Highlight _ A 2 Forthe columns marked with details for atleast one is mandatroy Page 1 of 4 Full Hame Name of the Karta in case of Hindu Undivided Family Last Mame Surname varghese First Mame Biju Middle Mame Have you ever known by any other name If Yes Last Mame Surname First Mame Middle Mame Father s Name Last Mame Surname varghese First Mame Thomas Middle Mame El E 18 M Internet O IDRBT 2002 41 DRB 16 Fill the four pages of the online application form T Ireder dual Form Microsoft Internet Explore Ble Edt Wew Faciles Doos Heb eer G at sent Fates Ptos yr SM hitge JV LO 0 65 ed 5 uberribe ru bec ber Ge bert fiata find dus Psp code Biisearch web ocre Park pace ino gt Equ alist Fax Mobile Phone eat 5649012345 Office Addrass Omice Mare foret gt Flat DaceBlack No Po Name of Prammises Building village ORT gt Road SireabLar Post CHice Casta Hils Pond 1 Areal L
21. Edit View Favorites Tools Help da Back m 3 fat 0 Search 3 Favorites EM hHistory EA el Address je https 110 0 65 60 Subscriber Subscriber CertiManagementviewRewokeDisplay jsp fal 30 Google Eb Search web Search Site PageRank fh page Info Eup Trust amp Security ON MET Highlight Sg Licensed by Controller of Certifying Authorities IDRBT Certifying Authority PRS July 3 2002 Certificate Revocation Home Mew Status Query Revoke Suspend Activate Change Password Key Recovery Change Personal Details Get Others Digital Certificate Registration Authority Get a Certificate Certificate Management Downloads Click on the Request Number to get the complete details Help AX 2000 LG td Date Of Request E Status Request o 2002 07 03 15 50 46 0 RADD1 For feedback on this site please write to the webmaster Copyright e 2002 IDRBT Legal Disclaimer Privacy Policy El E 18 Internet O IDRBT 2002 62 DRB 5 Select the revocation reason and click revoke button Revoke Certificate Details Microsoft Internet Explorer IDRET Certifying Authority Licensed by Controller of Certifying Authorities Government of India July 3 2002 Certificate Details Request number ag Certificate type Signing Certificate Certificate class Class 1 Certificate Common name Biju Varghese Orginization IDRBT Organization unit STL Email lbvarghese idr
22. I are the Registration Authority RA and the Certificate Authority CA e The RA verifies the certificate request of the applicant and forwards to the CA e The CA generates certificates on the RA s request and posts the certificate to a directory e A PKI also includes policies procedures and contracts that govern how and when digital certificates are issued renewed or revoked among other issues Applications that are PKlenabled can manage user certificates and generate digital certificates on desktop PCs to secure communications and execute binding digital transactions O IDRBT 2002 3 Paes J ORB 1 3 Encryption and Decryption Encryption is the process of transforming information so it is unintelligible to anyone but the intended recipient Decryption is the process of transforming encrypted information so that it is intelligible again A cryptographic algorithm also called a cipher is a mathematical function used for encryption or decryption In most cases two related functions are employed one for encryption and the other for decryption With most modern cryptography the ability to keep encrypted information secret is based not on the cryptographic algorithm which is widely Known but on a number called a key that must be used with the algorithm to produce an encrypted result or to decrypt previously encrypted information Decryption with the correct key is simple Decryption without the correct key is very difficult
23. PS presents the practices in use Corporate Profile by IDRBT CA and its Registration Authorities RAs taking part in the CPS stipulation of IDRBT CA s Certification Services in issuing and managing pl Loy certificates and in sustaining a certificate based Public Key Infrastructure IT Act 2000 PET The CPS details the certification process fram commencement of CA Downloads Repository operations and repository operations instituting Ras to registering Resources subscribers This CPS provides practices for issuing managing using Glossary suspending re activating and revoking of certificates The CFS is intended to FAQs Support Helpdesk context of the Certification services legally bind all parties that create use and validate certificates within the Review Reports Click For downloading the full version of IDRBT CA CPS Y2 0 For downloading Adobe Acrobat Reader go to Downloads m 4 http Midrbica org in CP5 html gt Internet Fig 2 CPS page O IDRBT 2002 32 3 IDRBT Certifying Authority Microsoft Internet Explorer E e x File Edit View Favorites Tools Help q Back m 3 Ai E search Favorites A History S r r Address je http idrbtca org in Go Links ae Google o Search Web G Search Site PageFiank h Page Info gle Highlight x FY p IDRBT Certifying Authority Home AboutUs Products ContactUs SiteMap Feedback IDRBT CA Certification
24. S 19 1 12 Contents of a Certificate cccconnccccooccnnoccnonocononocnnononnncnrnnnnarnnoraranonacanononans 19 1 13 Distinguished NAMES occa aesronsecccnuend nanseeatindanegeienancshidatacnsonceendiecstaesdentnnetncaseees 20 1 14 A Typical Certificate ococcccnocccnoccconocanonorononocanonocononononcnnnnnnarnnnnarnnnnarancnonnns 20 1 15 How CA Certificates Are Used to Establish TruSt mmsrerrnrrnrnvenrnverrnvenenn 23 1 16 Managing GeniniCale S srecasccessccsessscasscoscesscsdsssasssncosanscasseccneasccansndcnssnosancsaneaaqeeas 24 1 16 1 ISSUING Certificates cooccconoccccnoccnnoocnnnocanononnnonannnononanonarnnnnarnnnnarancnannnonnss 24 1 17 Certificates and the LDAP Directory ooooccnncccnnoccconoccnononcnnnonnnnarnnonannnonannnnnannos 25 1 18 Key Management cceasassensensessaecinaansauntnabacenetsnygodeesnanuiecanecosensteianoastiousi atncuateastocus 25 1 19 Renewing and Revoking Certificates oocccooconocccnnacoconacanonaranonaranonanons 26 1 20 IDRBT Certifying Authority cococcncconnoocnnnoccnononononononononnncnonnncannnorannnonanoncnonons 27 1 21 Registration Authorities ccccccccsssscecesssseeeesssseeeeesseeeesssseeeeesseeeeeeessnneeeess 28 o A 30 2 1 Procedures for requesting a Digital Certificate oocon ccin ocnnnconnoconnnonnnnnonnos 35 2 2 Requesting an Encryption Certificate ocoonoccon cicinncccnnccnonarnnonarnnnnarnnnnarnnnnnnos 50 2 3 Requesting
25. Web k Search Site PageRank gfh Page Info fue Highlight Trust amp Security on NET m MN eae IDRBT Certifying Authority Licensed by Controller of Certifying Authorities Goverment of India Download Others Certificate Home Registration Authority Get a Certificate am Enter the Marne or Email of the Person Certificate Management Downloads Hame of the oo Help Person _ Logout gt sil ftksrivaniGidrbt ac in KV Submit For feedback on this pr DE to Boe mug BTL aster Pe og coe IDRET Done EN Internet O IDRBT 2002 65 4 You can download the Certificate by clicking the Download Button Ai Get Others Certificate Microsoft Internet Explorer File Edit wiew Favorites Tools Help sa Back p Bx fat 3 Search Gj Favorites cd History Eh Hi Address je https 110 0 65 60 Subscriber Subscriber Certhanagement downloadotherCert jsp Go Links cd Google o search Web GBP Search Site PageRank Page Info Op gP Highlight 3 Licensed by Controller of Certifying Authorities IDRBT Certifying Authority dpi teen ng Download Others Certificate Home Registration Authority Get a Certificate Mame Email Certificate Management LE Download Downloads T E Srvan tksnvan idrbt ac m Help A got Forfteedback on this site please write to the webmaster Copyright 2002 ICRET Legal Disclaimer Privacy Policy
26. achieve approximately the same level of strength with a 64 bit key Even this level of strength may be vulnerable to attacks in the near future 1 4 Digital Signatures Encryption and decryption address the problem of eavesdropping one of the three Internet security issues mentioned at the beginning of this document But encryption IDRBT 2002 7 DEG DRA and decryption by themselves do not address the other two problems mentioned in Internet Security Issues tampering and impersonation This section describes how public key cryptography addresses the problem of tampering The sections that follow describe how it addresses the problem of impersonation Tamper detection and related authentication techniques rely on a mathematical function called a one way hash also called a message digest A one way hash is a number of fixed length with the following characteristics e The value of the hash is unique for the hashed data Any change in the data even deleting or altering a single character results in a different value e The content of the hashed data cannot for all practical purposes be deduced from the hash which is why it is called one way As mentioned in Public Key Encryption it s possible to use your private key for encryption and your public key for decryption Although this is not desirable when you are encrypting sensitive information it is a crucial part of digitally signing any data Instead of encrypti
27. and in some cases impossible for all practical purposes 1 3 1 Symmetric Key Encryption With symmetric key encryption the encryption key can be calculated from the decryption key and vice versa With most symmetric algorithms the same key is used for both encryption and decryption as shown in Figure 1 1 Figure 1 1 Symmetric key encryption Encryption i Decryption Original Symmetric scrambled Symmetric Original data ker data key data Implementations of symmetric key encryption can be highly efficient so that users do not experience any significant time delay as a result of the encryption and decryption Symmetric key encryption also provides a degree of authentication since information encrypted with one symmetric key cannot be decrypted with any other symmetric key Thus as long as the symmetric key is kept secret by the two parties using it to encrypt communications each party can be sure that it is O IDRBT 2002 4 DEG DRA communicating with the other as long as the decrypted messages continue to make sense Symmetric key encryption is effective only if the symmetric key is kept secret by the two parties involved If anyone else discovers the key it affects both confidentiality and authentication A person with an unauthorized symmetric key not only can decrypt messages sent with that key but can encrypt new messages and send them as if they came from one of the two parties who were originally using the k
28. assword Click the Submit button Confirmation message showing that Your password has been changed will be displayed Change Password Microsoft Internet Explorer File Edit View Favorites Tools Help da Back mb a search 3 Favorites A istory EA mi Address e https 110 0 65 60 Subscriber Subscriber CertManagement changePassword jsp e 30 Links ji Google o Search Web Gli Search Site PageRank h Page Info fue Highlight Trust Secucity on MG IDRBT Certifying Authority July 3 2002 Change Password Home view Status Query Revoke Suspend Activate Change Password Key Recovery Change Personal Details Get Others Digital Certificate Licensed by Controller of Certifying Authorities Government of India Registration Authority Get a Certificate e die Please enter the details Downloads Change Password Help Old Password E i i New Password Confirm Password Submit For feedback on this site please write to the webmaster Copyright amp 2002 IDRBT Legal Disclaimer Privacy Policy El E 18 M Internet O IDRBT 2002 40 15 Click on the Get a Certificate link on the left pane to proceed with getting a Digital Certificate Fill up the Page 1 of the four page application form This online application form is required even if you have filled up the paper based application form which has send to the Registration Authority
29. ation in transit is changed or replaced and then sent on to the recipient For example someone could alter an order for goods or change a person s resume e Impersonation Information passes to a person who poses as the intended recipient Impersonation can take two forms o Spoofing A person can pretend to be someone else For example a person can pretend to have the email address biju idrbt com or a computer can identify itself as a site called www idrbt com when it is not This type of impersonation is known as spoofing o Misrepresentation A person or organization can misrepresent itself For example suppose the site www idrbt com pretends to be a furniture IDRBT 2002 1 Paes J ORB store when it is really just a site that takes credit card payments but never sends any goods Normally users of the many cooperating computers that make up the Internet or other networks don t monitor or interfere with the network traffic that continuously passes through their machines However many sensitive personal and business communications over the Internet require precautions that address the threats listed above Fortunately a set of well established techniques and standards known as public key cryptography make it relatively easy to take such precautions Public key cryptography facilitates the following tasks e Encryption and decryption allow two communicating parties to disguise information they send to each other The sender e
30. ber Sr eut1 bmp Certificat Er IDRBT 2002 58 DRBI 10 You can also reject the certificate in case if the details are incorrect In that case intimate your Registration Authority as per Subscriber obligation You must give the reason for rejection and Click the Submit button E CERTIFICATE REJECTED Microsoft Internet Explorer a E 1 ro sl IDRBT Certifying Authority Licensed by Controller of Certifying Authorities Government of India July 3 2002 Certificate Rejection REASON FOR REJECTING CERTIFICATE The details in the certificate are wrong SUERATT Forfeedback on this site please write to the webmaster Copyright 2002 IDRBT Legal Disclaimer Privacy Policy IDRBT 2002 59 IDRB 11 If you have accepted the certificate Click the Download button It will prompt for Accepting the Certificate https 10 0 65 60 Subscriber Subscriber CertManagement download jsp Microsoft Internet Explorer 7 3 f E aj a x Please press the button to download the certificate into your browser token Accept Certificate For feedback on this site please write to the webmaster Copyright 2002 IDRBT Legal Disclaimer Privacy Policy EA 12 The message stating the successful download of the certificate will popup 13 Close the dialog box O IDRBT 2002 60 DRB Revoking the Digital Certificate Click the Certificate Management link on the homepage Se
31. bt ac in State Andrhra Pradesh Country E Reason Comments E Forfeedback on this site please write to the webmaster Copyright amp 2002 IDRET Legal Disclaimer Privacy Policy 6 Confirm the revocation request Microsoft Internet Explorer lx 2 Confirm the Revocation Request i Cancel 7 You will be informed about the status O IDRBT 2002 63 EN Microsoft Internet Explorer IDRBT Certifying Authority Licensed by Controller of Certifying Authorities Government of India July 3 2002 Revocation Request Your Certificate has been submitted to RA for revocation The Request Number is 81 For feedback on this site please write to the webmaster Copyright 2002 ICRET Legal Disclaimer Privacy Policy 8 Click Close button and Logout from the system O IDRBT 2002 64 DRB Getting other s Digital Certificate 1 Click the Certificate Management link on the homepage Select the Registration Authority and login using your User ID and Password 2 Click the Getother s Certificate item in the top menu 3 You can give the name of the Person or the email address and click submit Get Others Certificate Microsoft Internet Explorer File Edit View Favorites Tools Help da Back gt 3 search j Favorites A History EA Ej Address ES https 1 10 0 65 60 Subscriber Subscriber CertManagementdownloadiQueryv jsp e Ga Links ae Google 5 Search
32. click the Submit button IDRBT 2002 51 Y Individual Form Microsoft Internet Explorer File Edit View Favorites Tools Help Back 3 ai 0 Search 3 Favorites 6 History EA 3 i Certificate Type Encryption Certificate Certificate Class Class 1 Certificate The Following Details will be used in certificate subject Mame Biju Varghese Email Address bvarghese idrbtac in Organization DRET Organization Unit STL Individuals Locality City Hyderabad state AF Country Code India o you have a certificate request already generated Choose No to generate it now Yes No Any other Details a zl E e 4 You will be informed with the Certificate Request number Query the Certificate request number for viewing the status of Certificate request 6 Logout from the system IDRBT 2002 52 DRB 2 3 Requesting an Server Certificate 1 Select Server Certificate from the certificate type in the Page 4 of the Certificate Request form Make sure that you select the Class 3 Certificate from the Certificate Class 3 Individual Form Microsoft Internet Explorer File Edit View Favorites Tools Help da Back b a search 3 Favorites EW History EA Ey Address E https 1110 0 65 60 Subscriber Subscriber GetCertificake individualS jep HKEQISTATT TM ALTTT MITy E I ae Get a Certificate 11 Columns marked with are mandatory as a
33. d2 62 58 c3 c5 pb6 c1 43 ac 63 44 42 fd af c8 0f 2 38 85 6d d6 59 08 41 42 a5 O IDRBT 2002 00 Paes j ORB 4a e5 26 38 ff 32 78 a1 38 f1 ed dc 0d 31 d1 b0 6d 67 e9 46 a8 dd c4 Here is the same certificate displayed in the 64 byte encoded form interpreted by software MIICKZCCAZSgAwIBAgIBAZANBgkghkiG9wOBAQQFADA3MQswCQY DVQQGEwJ VUZERMA8GA1UEChMITmV0c2NhcGUxFTATBgNVBAsTDFN1cHJpeWEncyBDQ TAeFw05NzEwMTgwMTM2MjVaFw050TEwMTgwMTM2MjVaMEgxCzAJBgNVBAY TAIVTMREwDwYDVQQKEwhOZXRzY2FwZTENMASGA1UECXMEUHViczEXMBU GA1UEAxMOU3Vweml5YSBTaGVOdHkwgZ8wDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEFBQADgYOAMI GJAOGBAMr6eZiPGfX3uRJgEjmKiqG7SdAT YazBcABu1AVyd7chRkiQ31FbXFOG D3wNktbf6hRo6EAMMS R1AskzZ8AW7LIQZBerXpcOok4du 2Q6xJu2MPm 8WKuM OnTuvzpo SGXelmHVChEq00CwfdiZywyZNMmrJgaoMa2MS6pUkfQVAgMBAAG NJAOMBEGCWCGSAGG EIBAQQEAwIAgDA BB NVHSMEGDAWQBTy8gZZkBhHU fWJM1oxeuZc zYmy TANBgkghkiG9wOBAQQFAAOBgQBI1I6 z207Z635DfizX4XbAF pj RI AYwQzTSYx8GfcNAgCqCwaSDkKvsuj vwbf9 1 03j8UkdGYpcd2cYRCgKi4MwaqdWw yLtpuHAH18hHZ5uvi00mJYw8W2wUOsYORC a IDy84hW3WWehBUqVkK5SY4 zJ4 oTix7dwNMdGwbWfpRajd1A 1 15 How CA Certificates Are Used to Establish Trust Certificate authorities CAs are entities that validate identities and issue certificates They can be either independent third parties or organizations running their own certificate Issuing server software Any client or server software that supports certificates maintains a collection of trusted CA certificates These CA certificates determine wh
34. ddress Send us e mail at caservice idrbt ac in Or you can write us at The CA Administrator IDRBT Castle Hills Road 1 Masab Tank Hyderabad 500057 INDIA IDRBT 2002 iy CONTENTS Mis AMO CUCUON mirra rndnacorrcicanads 1 1 1 Introduction To Public Key Infrastructure cococcccinccccnnocccnncnoonnnnnornononornnnnnannnnnns 1 id UCTS Secure cisco 1 PS A 3 lios FS NNN 4 13 1 Symmetrie Ker EMCI YOUN eee Gerda 4 A PDS ENN 5 1 3 3 Key Length and Encryption Strength oooccccccnncccnnoocconaccnonacanonannnonananonoss 7 IA DONN 7 1 5 Certificates and Authentication oconccccioocccnoccnonocononononononnnnnnnnnnananonannnnnanoncnonons 10 1 5 1 A Certificate Identifies Someone or Something cccococnnccccnoncconacnnonannnoss 10 1 5 2 Authentication Confirms an ldentity ocococcconocccnnoccnnonanonarnnonarnnnnannnons 11 1 6 Password Based Authenticati0N cccocccconocccnnoncccncnoonnnnnonnnnnnornnnnnornnncnarnnncnannnos 12 1 7 Certificate Based Authentication ccococonccccnoccnnnocononocnnnnoncnnonononannnonanannnacanononons 14 1 8 How Certificates Are US O oooconccocinocccnoocnonocononoronononononononcnonnnnarnnnnaononaranonannns 16 1 8 1 Types of Certificates ooconcccccoccconoccconocanononononoranonononononnncnnnnnnannnnarnnnnnanons 16 ES A ere 17 1 10 Signed and Encrypted Emalil c oooocccncconnnccccnnnoonnncnonnnonnonnnnnnarncncnannnos 18 IL V
35. dress je https 1110 0 65 60 Subscriber Subscriber idownload jsp Go Links 2 Google o Search Web Gli Search Site PageRank dh page Info Up Highlight SSS Sa gr Goverment of India July 3 2002 Home Registration Authority Get a Certificate Certificate Management Downloads Download IDRBT CA RootCA Certificate IDRBTCA s root certificate do not come pre installed in your browser You will need it to validate a certificate which is In certification chain with the IDRBT CA s root certificate when you encrypt or digitally sign S MIME messages with such a certificate or when you make https connections with a IDRET CA certified Web site Choose the Browser In which you wish to install the IDRBT CA Root Certificate to Netscape Internet Explorer Certificate Revocation List CRL CRL is a periodically for exigently issued list digitally signed by a Certifying Authority of identified Digital Signature Certificates that have been suspended or revoked prior to their expiration dates Download the latest CRL El E 18 g Internet 3 In case of Internet Explorer it will prompt the following message O IDRBT 2002 69 ORB Fie Dome ME i Tou have chosen to download a file fram this location erl crl from 10 0 65 60 hat would you like to do with this file Open this file from its current location IY Always ask before opening this type of file Cancel More Inf
36. e has been set and the software is set up to request the password at reasonably frequent intervals Important Neither password based authentication nor _ certificate based authentication address security issues related to physical access to individual machines or passwords Public key cryptography can only verify that a private key used to sign some data corresponds to the public key in a certificate It is the user s responsibility to protect a machine s physical security and to keep the private key password secret These are the steps shown in Figure 1 3 1 The client software such as Communicator maintains a database of the private keys that correspond to the public keys published in any certificates issued for that client The client asks for the password to this database the first time the client needs to access it during a given session for example the first time the user attempts to access an SSL enabled server that requires certificate based client authentication After entering this password once the user doesn t need to enter it again for the rest of the session even when accessing other SSL enabled servers 2 The client unlocks the private key database retrieves the private key for the user s certificate and uses that private key to digitally sign some data that has been randomly generated for this purpose on the basis of input from both the client and the server This data and the digital signature constitute evidence o
37. e information in a directory to pre populate a certificate with a new employee s legal name and other information The CA can leverage directory information in other ways to issue certificates one at a time or in bulk using a range of different identification techniques depending on the security policies of a given organization Other routine management tasks such as Key Management and Renewing and Revoking Certificates can be partially or fully automated with the aid of the directory Information stored in the directory can also be used with certificates to control access to various network resources by different users or groups Issuing certificates and other certificate management tasks can thus be an integral part of user and group management In general high performance directory services are an essential ingredient of any certificate management strategy 1 18 Key Management Before a certificate can be issued the public key it contains and the corresponding private key must be generated Sometimes it may be useful to issue a single person one certificate and key pair for signing operations and another certificate and key pair for encryption operations Separate signing and encryption certificates make it possible to keep the private signing key on the local machine only thus providing IDRBT 2002 25 Paes J DRB maximum norrrepudiation and to back up the private encryption key in some central location where it can be r
38. eading will be notified immediately to the Registration Authority office that accepted the certificate request Any suspected or actual compromise ofthe subscriber s private key will be notified Immediately The use ofthe certificate will be terminated immediately if the information in the certificate is found to be inaccurate and misleading AGREE Forfeedback on this site please write to the webmaster Copyright amp 2002 IDRBT Legal Disclaimer Privacy Policy 7 Click the I AGREE button O IDRBT 2002 56 JDRB 8 The Certificate details will be shown to you E Microsoft Internet Explorer IDRBT Certifying Authority Licensed by Controller of Certifying Authorities Goverment of India July 3 2002 Digital Certificate Certificate Data Version 5 10x2 serial Number 57 0x57 Signature Algorithm shalldithRSiEncryption Issuer C IN ST andhra pradesh O idrbt OU idrbtea CN idrbt certifying authority Email Validity Not Before Jul 3 10 49 07 2002 GMT Not After May 3 10 49 07 2003 GMT Subject CM Biju Varghese OU STL GU Class 1 Certificate O IDRET O IDRET Ca L Hyderab Subject Public Key Info Public Key Algorithm rsaEncryption RSA Public Fey 1024 bit Modulus 1024 bit Hada ols ec he Heine TE e CEN MS ae Sle Sheba Le Fille TOS bce FSS cy sacl Sy eo SSCs all o tos Eat seat Dekor ebk lorda ca as aa bea Gees el SES acs ls ia aia ala a ee ae eee le de liar toca Uy aba ao debas adoos bose
39. een wheeler the requirements are much more stringent If you live in some other state or country the requirements for various kinds of licenses will differ Similarly different CAs have different procedures for issuing different kinds of certificates In some cases the only requirement may be your email address In other cases your Unix or NT login and password may be sufficient At the other end of the scale for certificates that identify people who can authorize large expenditures or make other sensitive decisions the issuing process may require notarized documents a background check and a personal interview Depending on an organization s policies the process of issuing certificates can range from being completely transparent for the user to requiring significant user IDRBT 2002 24 Paes J DRB participation and complex procedures In general processes for issuing certificates should be highly flexible so organizations can tailor them to their changing needs Issuing certificates is one of several managements tasks that can be handled by separate Registration Authorities 1 17 Certificates and the LDAP Directory The Lightweight Directory Access Protocol LDAP for accessing directory services supports great flexibility in the management of certificates within an organization System administrators can store much of the information required to manage certificates in an LDAP compliant directory For example a CA can us
40. erver authenticates the user s identity on the strength of this evidence Like Figure 1 4 Figure 1 5 assumes that the user has already decided to trust the server and has requested a resource and that the server has requested client authentication in the process of evaluating whether to grant access to the requested resource Figure 1 5 Using a certificate to authenticate a client to a server D User enters private key password Web Server SOL connection O Client sends server mm 7 i S ce rtifi cate and auth orizes o Client evidence oO DEFvEr Uses access for across network certificate and authenticated retrieves evidence to identity private key and uses it te create evidence digital signature authenticate the user s identity Unlike the process shown in Figure 1 4 the process shown in Figure 1 5 requires the use of SSL Figure 1 5 also assumes that the client has a valid certificate that can be used to identify the client to the server Certificate based authentication is generally considered preferable to password based authentication because it is based on what the user has the private key as well as what the user knows the password that protects the private key However it s important to note that these two assumptions are true only if unauthorized personnel have not gained access to IDRBT 2002 14 DRB the user s machine or password the password for the client software s private key databas
41. es Centralized Funds querying for DRBT gains the mn piii Banks and Financial Institutions Anywhere Anytime Banking hject Signing Certificate from Sun Review Reports rae Microsystems Inc and Inter bank reconciliation are being implemented using the INFINET INDOCRYPT 2002 4 Certifying Authority CA is a body that fulfills the need for Third International na 4 E Done Internet Fig 1 IDRBT CA home page It is assumed that the applicant of the digital certificate of IDRBT CA must have knowledge of Public Key Infrastructure the general usage of certificates the rights and obligations as prescribed in IDRBT CA CPS We suggest the applicants must read and understand the rights obligations liabilities warranties documents required at time of certificate request certificate practices etc mentioned in the IDRBT CA CPS The information related to PKI and the IDRBT CA Certification Services are available at http idrbtca org in O IDRBT 2002 31 IDRBT Certifying Authority Microsoft Internet Explorer File Edit wiew Favorites Tools Help Bac p dl search GejFavorites 4History EA Address http fidrbtca org in Go Links gt Google o Search Web G Search Site PageRank page Info ge Highlight i trust PKI Services IDRET Certifying Authority Home AboutUs Products ContactUs SiteMap Feedback IDRBT CA Certification Practice Statement C
42. etrieved in case the user loses the original key or leaves the company Keys can be generated by client software or generated centrally by the CA and distributed to users via an LDAP directory There are trade offs involved in choosing between local and centralized key generation For example local key generation provides maximum non repudiation but may involve more participation by the user in the issuing process Flexible key management capabilities are essential for most organizations Key recovery or the ability to retrieve backups of encryption keys under carefully defined conditions can be a crucial part of certificate management depending on how an organization uses certificates Key recovery schemes usually involve an m of n mechanism for example m of n managers within an organization might have to agree and each contribute a special code or key of their own before a particular person s encryption key can be recovered This kind of mechanism ensures that several authorized personnel must agree before an encryption key can be recovered 1 19 Renewing and Revoking Certificates Like a driver s license a certificate specifies a period of time during which it is valid Attempts to use a certificate for authentication before or after its validity period will fail Therefore mechanisms for managing certificate renewal are essential for any certificate management strategy For example an administrator may wish to be notified auto
43. ey Symmetric key encryption days an important role in the SSL protocol which is widely used for authentication tamper detection and encryption over TCP IP networks SSL also uses techniques of public key encryption which is described in the next section 1 3 2 Public Key Encryption The most commonly used implementations of public key encryption are based on algorithms patented by RSA Data Security http www rsa com Therefore this section describes the RSA approach to public key encryption Public key encryption also called asymmetric encryption involves a pair of keys a public key and a private key associated with an entity that needs to authenticate its identity electronically or to sign or encrypt data Each public key is published and the corresponding private key is kept secret Data encrypted with your public key can be decrypted only with your private key Figure 1 2 shows a simplified view of the way public key encryption works IDRBT 2002 5 ad DRB Figure 1 2 Public key encryption Encryption a Decryption Original Public scrambled Private Original data ker data key data The scheme shown in Figure 1 2 lets you freely distribute a public key and only you will be able to read data encrypted using this key In general to send encrypted data to someone you encrypt the data with that person s public key and the person receiving the encrypted data decrypts it with the corresponding private
44. f the private key s validity The digital signature can be created only with that private key and can be validated with the corresponding public key against the signed data which is unique to the SSL session 3 The client sends both the user s certificate and the evidence the randomly generated piece of data that has been digitally signed across the network 4 The server uses the certificate and the evidence to authenticate the user s identity IDRBT 2002 15 cl DREI 5 At this point the server may optionally perform other authentication tasks such as checking that the certificate presented by the client is stored in the user s entry in an LDAP directory The server then continues to evaluate whether the identified user is permitted to access the requested resource This evaluation process can employ a variety of standard authorization mechanisms potentially using additional information in an LDAP directory company databases and so on If the result of the evaluation is positive the server allows the client to access the requested resource As you can see by comparing Figure 1 5 to Figure 1 4 certificates replace the authentication portion of the interaction between the client and the server Instead of requiring a user to send passwords across the network throughout the day single sign on requires the user to enter the private key database password just once without sending it across the network For the rest of the session
45. ge Password Key Recovery Change Personal Details Get Others Digital Certificate Registration Authority Get a Certificate Submit the request number to getthe Certificate status details Certificate Management Downloads mete Request Number 63 EEE Submit Forfeedback on this site please write to the webmaster Copyright e 2002 IDRET Legal Disclaimer Privacy Policy El SE Internet 4 lf the certificate is issued by IDRBT CA the Certificate will be available for Downloading The status of the certificate will be shown as given below Click Here to view the generated certificate and download 69 5 Click the request number to download the Digital Certificate 6 You will be prompted for accepting or rejecting the Certificate issued O IDRBT 2002 55 E Microsoft Internet Explorer Trust amp Security on E IDRBT Certifying Authority Licensed by C July 3 2002 Terms and Conditions By Accepting the IDR ET CA certificate You agree that Information provided are without any errors omissions or misrepresentations Signing key pairis generated securely in a secure Medium at your end as specified in the IDRET CA CFS Signing private key is protected in secure medium Certificate will be used only for the authorised purposes as specified in the IDRAT CA EPS Any change in the information included in the Digital Signature Certificate that would make the information in the certificate Inaccurate or misl
46. gistration for certification certificate retrieval certificate renewal certificate revocation and key backup and recovery In general a CA must be able to authenticate the identities of end entities before responding to the requests In addition some requests need to be approved by authorized administrators or managers before being services As previously discussed the means used by different CAs to verify an identity before issuing a certificate can vary widely depending on the organization and the purpose for which the certificate will be used To provide maximum operational flexibility interactions with end entities can be separated from the other functions of a CA and handled by a separate service called a Registration Authority RA Registration Authority receives the applications for the Digital Certificate from the Applicant Subscriber and verifies the details contained in the Application An RA will also verify the documents accompanying the application form for different Classes of Certificate as mentioned in the IDRBT CA CPS In case of Class 3 Certificates the Applicant Subscriber must present before the RA for personal verification If the verification is successful then the request is forwarded to the IDRBT CA recommending generation of a Digital Certificate for the verified Applicant Subscriber lf he finds anything wrong in the certificate application the RA has the right to reject it An RA shall be responsible for the f
47. gnature sections of a certificate in humanreadable format Certificate Data Version v3 0x2 serial Number 3 0x3 Signature Algorithm PKCS 1 MD5 With RSA Encryption Issuer OU IDRBT Certificate Authority O IDRBT C IN Validity Not Before Fri Oct 17 18 36 25 1997 Not After Sun Oct 17 18 36 25 1999 Subject C US O IDRBT CA OU Class 1 Certificate OU Reserve Bank of India CN Biju Varghese Subject Public Key Info IDRBT 2002 241 DREI Algorithm PKCS 1 RSA Encryption Public Key Modulus 00 ca fa 79 98 8f 1 9 f8 d7 de e4 49 80 48 e6 2a 2a 86 ed 27 40 4d 86 b3 05 c0 01 bb 50 15 c9 de dc 85 19 22 43 7d 45 6d 71 4e 17 3d 10 36 4b 5b 7f a8 51 a3 a1 00 98 ce 7f 47 50 2c 93 36 7c 01 6e cb 89 06 41 72 b5 e9 73 49 38 76 ef b6 8f ac 49 bb 63 0f 9b ff 16 2a e3 0e 9d 3b af ce 9a 3e 48 65 de 96 61 d5 0a 11 2a a2 80 b0 7d d8 99 cb 0c 99 34 c9 ab 25 06 a8 31 ad 8c 4b aa 54 91 14 15 Public Exponent 65537 0x10001 Extensions Identifier Certificate Type Critical no Certified Usage SSL Client Identifier Authority Key Identifier Critical no Key Identifier f2 12 06 59 90 18 47 51 15 89 33 5a 31 7a e6 5c fb 36 26 c9 Signature Algorithm PKCS 1 MD5 With RSA Encryption Signature 6d 23 af f3 d3 b6 7a df 90 df cd 7e 18 6c 01 69 8e 54 65 fc 06 30 43 34 d1 63 1f 06 7d c3 40 a8 2a 82 c1 a4 83 2a fb 2e 8f fb f0 6d ff 75 a3 78 17 52 47 46 62 97 1d d9 c6 11 0a 02 a2 e0 cc 2a 75 6c 8b b6 9b 87 00 7d 7c 84 76 79 ba f8 b4
48. hes to use during a work session The client sends the name and password across the network either in the clear or over an encrypted SSL connection The server looks up the name and password in its local password database and if they match accepts them as evidence authenticating the user s identity The server determines whether the identified user is permitted to access the requested resource and if so allows the client to access it With this arrangement the user must supply a new password for each server and the administrator must keep track of the name and password for each user typically on separate servers As shown in the next section one of the advantages of certificate based authentication is that it can be used to replace the first three steps in Figure 1 2 with a mechanism that allows the user to supply just one password which is not sent across the network and allows the administrator to control user authentication centrally IDRBT 2002 13 Paes J ORB 1 7 Certificate Based Authentication Figure 1 5 shows how client authentication works using certificates and the SSL Protocol To authenticate a user to a server a client digitally signs a randomly generated piece of data and sends both the certificate and the signed data across the network For the purposes of this discussion the digital signature associated with some data can be thought of as evidence provided by the client to the server The s
49. i trust PKI SERVICES IDRBT CERTIFYING AUTHORITY Subscriber User Manual Copyright 2002 IDRBT All rights reserved loreal Institute for Development and Research in Banking Technology Castle Hills Road 1 Masab Tank Hyderabad AP 500057 INDIA http Adrbtca org in http infinet org in http www idrbt com lo aT Preface A Certifying Authority CA is a body that fulfills the need for trusted third party services in Electronic Commerce by issuing Digital Certificates that attests to some fact about the subject of the certificate A certificate is a digitally signed statement by a CA that provides independent confirmation of an attribute claimed by a person offering a Digital Signature For securing the transactions through INFINET IDRBT provides high end Public Key Infrastructure PKI based services and solutions to individuals organizations as well as governments that enable trust and security IDRBT has set up a high end global standards based processing Center at its campus at Hyderabad capable of issuing thousands of Digital Certificates an important component of PKI As a licensed Certifying Authority by the Controller of Certifying Authority CCA IDRBT CA will issue administer and revoke the digital certificates over INFINET This manual will give you information about the procedures for using Certification services of IDRBT Certifying Authority About This Manual Typographic Conventions Conven
50. iation In other words signed email makes it very difficult for the sender to deny having sent the message This is important for many forms of business communication S MIME also makes it possible to encrypt email messages This is also important for some business users However using encryption for email requires careful planning If the recipient of encrypted email messages loses his or her private key and does IDRBT 2002 18 DEG DRA not have access to a backup copy of the key for example the encrypted messages can never be decrypted 1 11 Object Signing Object signing uses standard techniques of public key cryptography to let users get reliable information about code they download in much the same way they can get reliable information about shrink wrapped software Most importantly object signing helps users and network administrators implement decisions about software distributed over intranets or the Internet for example whether to allow Java applets signed by a given entity to use specific computer capabilities on specific users machines The objects signed with object signing technology can be applets or other Java code JavaScript scripts plug ins or any kind of file The signature is a digital signature Signed objects and their signatures are typically stored in a special file called a JAR file Software developers and others who wish to sign files using object signing technology must first obtain
51. ich other certificates the software can validate in other words which issuers of certificates the software can trust In the simplest case the software can validate only certificates issued by one of the CAs for which it has a certificate It s also possible for a trusted CA O IDRBT 2002 23 Paes J DRB certificate to be part of a chain of CA certificates each issued by the CA above itin a certificate hierarchy 1 16 Managing Certificates The set of standards and services that facilitate the use of public key cryptography and X 509 v3 certificates in a networked environment is called the public key infrastructure PKI PKI management is complex topic beyond the scope of this document 1 16 1 Issuing Certificates The process for issuing a certificate depends on the certificate authority that issues it and the purpose for which it will be used The process for issuing nondigital forms of identification varies in similar ways For example if you want to get a generic ID card not a driver s license from the Department of Motor Vehicles in California the requirements are straightforward you need to present some evidence of your identity such as a utility bill with your address on it and a student identity card If you want to get a regular driving license you also need to take a test a driving test when you first get the license and a written test when you renew it If you want to get a commercial license for an eight
52. ificate duly signed Subscriber Agreement and the Demand Draft for the concerned amount 6 The Registration Authority will assign a User name and Password and will send to the Applicant in a sealed envelope O IDRBT 2002 36 DRB 7 Acknowledge the receipt of the Username and Password to the concerned RA The username and password will be inactivated till the user acknowledges the receipt of the sealed envelope 8 If the seal is broken envelope is torn intimate the concerned RA immediately for taking necessary action 9 Proceed with the IDRBT CA Certification Services from the homepage of http idrotca org in Click the Get a Digital Certificate from the homepage of the IDRBT CA Certification Services https 10 0 65 60 Subscriber Subscriber 10 Read the description of the certificates and click the Login button 11 Select the Registration Authority from which you have obtained the User ID and Password and click Submit button List of Registration Authorities Microsoft Internet Explorer E 23 le x File Edit View Favorites Tools Help da Back b 3 at Gi search 3 Favorites 6 History EA E Address E https 1110 0 65 60 Subscriber Subscriber GetCertificatellistRaCfficelogin jsp code all Google 5 Search Web Gli Search Site PageRank df Page Info fue Highlight amp Security ON Sey T n IDRBT Certifying Authority July 3 2002 List of Registration Authorities Home
53. ions with a IDRET CA certified Web site Choose the Browser In which you wish to install the IDRET CA Root Certificate to Metscape Internet Explorer Certificate Revocation List CRL CRL is a periodically for exigently issued list digitally signed by a Certifying Authority of identified Purutal Sinmnaturo Mortifiratoc that havea hoon cucmondod ar rovolod nrinr to thoir ovriratina dotoc l l Internet 3 In case of Internet Explorer it will prompt the following message IDRBT 2002 67 ORB File Download Tou have chosen to download a file fram this location downloadF oot cer from 10 0 65 60 hat would you like to do with this file Open this file from its current location IY Always ask before opening this type of file Cancel More Info 4 Click OK to save the Certificate file 5 Select the path to which the certificate is stored Save in A Desktop m fi My Documents A My Computer ISE My Network Places _ Final Documents JIDRETCA fly la Aa E File name My Network F Save az type Security Certificate v Cancel 2 6 Click Save to save the certificate IDRBT 2002 68 2 7 Downloading the IDRBT CA CRL 1 Click the Download link on the homepage 2 Click the Download latest CRL link Download Microsoft Internet Explorer File Edit View Favorites Tools Help Back fi O search Favorites History EA 3 i Ad
54. is procedure is sometimes called real time status checking 1 20 IDRBT Certifying Authority IDRBT is an autonomous center for Development and Research in Banking Technology set up by Reserve Bank of India in 1996 IDRBT owns the INFINET the communication backbone for the Indian Banking and Financial sector Various inter bank and intra bank applications ranging from Simple Messaging MIS EFT ECS Electronic Debit Online Processing and Trading in Government Securities Centralized Funds querying for Banks and Financial Institutions Anywhere Anytime Banking and Inter bank reconciliation are being implemented using the INFINET For securing the transactions through INFINET IDRBT provides high end Public Key Infrastructure PKI based services and solutions to individuals organizations as well as governments which enable trust and security IDRBT has set up a high end global standards based processing Center at its campus at Hyderabad capable of issuing thousands of Digital Certificates an important component of PKI As a licensed Certifying Authority by the Controller of Certifying Authority CCA IDRBT CA will issue administer and revoke the digital certificates over INFINET IDRBT 2002 97 Paes J ORB 1 21 Registration Authorities Interactions between entities identified by certificates Sometimes called end entities and CAs are an essential part of certificate management These interactions include operations such as re
55. key Compared with symmetric key encryption public key encryption requires more computation and is therefore not always appropriate for large amounts of data However it s possible to use public key encryption to send a symmetric key which can then be used to encrypt additional data This is the approach used by the SSL protocol As it happens the reverse of the scheme shown in Figure 1 2 also works data encrypted with your private key can be decrypted only with your public key This would not be a desirable way to encrypt sensitive data however because it means that anyone with your public key which is by definition published could decrypt the data Nevertheless private key encryption is useful because it means you can use your private key to sign data with your digital signature an important requirement for electronic commerce and other commercial applications of cryptography Client software such as Internet Explorer or Netscape Communicator can then use your public key to confirm that the message was signed with your private key and that it hasn t been tampered with since being signed Digital Signatures and subsequent sections describe how this confirmation process works IDRBT 2002 6 cl Pe DRA 1 3 3 Key Length and Encryption Strength In general the strength of encryption is related to the difficulty of discovering the key which in turn depends on both the cipher used and the length of the key For example
56. lect the Registration Authority and login using your User ID and Password 2 Click the Revoke item in the top menu 3 Select the type of Certificate and Class of certificate and click submit Revoke Certificates Microsoft Internet Explorer File Edit View Favorites Tools Help da Back p 3 dl search GejFavorites 4History EA Ej Address je https 1110 0 65 60 Subscriber Subscriber CertManagement viewRevoke jsp e Go Links ci Google ge Search Web Gi Search Site PageRank dh page Info fue Highlight Trust r Secusiy on ENE IDRBT Certifying Authority Licensed by Controller of Certifying Authorities Government of India July 3 2002 Revoke Certificate Home Mew Status Query Rewoke Suspend Activate Change Password Key Recovery Change Personal Details Get Others Digital Certificate Registration Authority Get a Certificate Certificate Management Select the Options to get the generated certificate details Downloads Help ESESE Logout ees eee Certificate Type Signing Certificate Certificate Class Class 1 Cerificate Submit For feedback on this site please write to the webmaster Copyright amp 2002 IDRBT Legal Disclaimer Privacy Policy El SE Internet O IDRBT 2002 61 DRB 4 Click the certificate number for which you want to revoke Revoke Certificates Display Microsoft Internet Explorer File
57. matically when a certificate is about to expire so that an appropriate renewal process can be completed in plenty of time without causing the certificate s subject any inconvenience The renewal process may involve reusing the same public private key pair or issuing a new one A driver s license can be suspended even if it has not expired for example as punishment for a serious driving offense Similarly it s sometimes necessary to IDRBT 2002 26 Paes J DRB revoke a certificate before it has expired for example if an employee leaves a company or moves to a new job within the company Certificate revocation can be handled in several different ways For some organizations it may be sufficient to set up servers so that the authentication process includes checking the directory for the presence of the certificate being presented When an administrator revokes a certificate the certificate can be automatically removed from the directory and subsequent authentication attempts with that certificate will fail even though the certificate remains valid in every other respect Another approach involves publishing a certificate revocation list CRL that is a list of revoked certificates to the directory at regular intervals and checking the list as part of the authentication process For some organizations it may be preferable to check directly with the issuing CA each time a certificate is presented for authentication Th
58. ncrypts or scrambles information before sending it The receiver decrypts or unscrambles the information after receiving it While in transit the encrypted information is unintelligible to an intruder e Tamper detection allows the recipient of information to verify that it has not been modified in transit Any attempt to modify data or substitute a false message for a legitimate one will be detected e Authentication allows the recipient of information to determine its origin that is to confirm the sender s identity e Non repudiation prevents the sender of information from claiming at a later date that the information was never sent PKI is based on the use of digital certificates the equivalent of a passport in the physical world Digital certificates allow users to verify the identity of the person or institution that they re communicating with and to digitally sign transactions A certificate based system provides e Authentication to verify the identity of the sender and the recipient of digital information IDRBT 2002 2 DRB e Data integrity to verify that information is received unaltered from the sender e Data confidentiality to ensure that sensitive information does not fall into the wrong hands e Non repudiation to ensure that transactions are legally binding protecting your business from fraud 1 2 PKI Model rartiferate lo directory The basic components of a PK
59. net Explorer File Edit View Favorites Tools Help da Back 3 0 search 2 Favorites 6 History S r ES h Address e http idrbtca org in Go Links ct Google o Search Web G Search Site PageFiank Page Info gle Highlight z l trust PKI Services IDRET Certifying Authority Licensed by Controller of Certifying Authorities Goverment of India Home AboutUs Products ContactUs SiteMap Feedback Downloads Corporate Profile CPS Registration Authority IT Act 2000 Digital Certificate Application Form for different Classes rev IDRBT CA Certification Practice Statement met IDRBT CA Certificate Revocation List IDRBT CA Certificate Resources Glossary FAQs Certificate Revocation Suspension Form Support Helpdesk A 7 Review Reports For downloading Acrobat reader click here Adobe A A re Download the Subscriber Agreement from the Repository link Fill the Application form for Digital Certificate Make sure that you have filled all the mandatory fields 4 The price for each Classes of Digital Certificate is listed in the website Take a Demand Draft for the corresponding amount in favour of IDRBT payable at Hyderabad 5 The list of Registration Authority RA Offices is mentioned in the website The addresses of the RA Offices are also listed You can select your corresponding RA Office and send the duly filled Application form for Digital Cert
60. ng the data itself the signing software creates a one way hash of the data then uses your private key to encrypt the hash The encrypted hash along with other information such as the hashing algorithm is known as a digital signature Figure 1 3 shows a simplified view of the way a digital signature can be used to validate the integrity of signed data IDRBT 2002 8 7 DRB Figure 1 3 Using a digital signature to validate data integrity Original Identical j hashes ors validate One way Private key Digital Digital Public key One way 4 hash encryption signature signature decryption hash vit Integrity Figure 1 3 shows two items transferred to the recipient of some signed data the original data and the digital signature which is basically a one way hash of the original data that has been encrypted with the signer s private key To validate the integrity of the data the receiving software first uses the signer s public key to decrypt the hash It then uses the same hashing algorithm that generated the original hash to generate a new one way hash of the same data Information about the hashing algorithm used is sent with the digital signature although this isn t shown in the figure Finally the receiving software compares the new hash against the original hash If the two hashes match the data has not changed since it was signed If they don t match the data may have been tampered with since it was signed
61. nk and Click the Change Password from the top menu O IDRBT 2002 38 EE Microsoft Internet Explorer File Edit View Favorites Tools Help q Back 3 Ai 0 search E Favorites EW History S r i Address ES https 10 0 65 60 Subscriber Subscriber CertManagementcertMgmtHome jsp e Ga Links z Google o Search Web Gi Search Site PageRank dh page Info ge Highlight Trust amp Secusity On WU pa a Te Licensed by Controller of Certifying Authorities IDRBT Certifying Authority Government of India July 3 2002 Certificate Management Home Mew Status Query Rewoke Suspend Activate Change Password Key Recovery Change Personal Details Get Others Digital Certificate Registration Authority mee a mili You have last logged on 2002 06 28 12 25 44 0 from 10 0 67 101 Certificate Management Downloads You may need to query your request status or perform Certificate Maintenance operations to Help ensure the security and privacy of your web based transactions Logout p You can e View the Status of your request if you remember your request number e View the Status of your request based on certain specified criteria e Put a Revoke request e Change the password xl E https 1110 0 65 60 subscriber Subscriber CertManagement changePassword jsp E E Internet O IDRBT 2002 39 DRB 14 Give the old Password new Password and confirm the new P
62. o 4 Click OK to save the Certificate file 9 Select the path to which the certificate is stored z vy Documents w My Computer ISE My Network Places _ Final Documents JIDRETCA My Computer Me File name crl h My Network F Save as type Certificate Revocation List v Lancel Ez 6 Click OK to save the CRL file O IDRBT 2002 70 For more details contact caservice idrbt ac in Visit us on http www idrbt com on Internet http idrbtca org in or http infinet org in on INFINET O IDRBT 2002 AG DRB 71
63. ocality Tauk aub ion Meseh Tank Toni Derici gt Hyderaben Stateil hion Tenitarg Anche Pradesh Fin foot Telephone 10 3535881 Faz 040 3535157 Address for Communication Residence Y Office File Edit View Favorites Tools Help aBack ge Ai st ata Ea ER ar 3 mu 3 ex ale emale a Nationality Inda In case of Foreign National visa details Credit Card Details Credit Card Type nm Credit Card Number e Issued By Email Address bvarghese idrbtac in Personal Web page URL if any O Passport Details Passport Number DO Passport Issuing Authority Passport Expiry Date day y Month y Year Voter s Identity Card No a2345666 Income Tax PAN Number mpss94 ISP Details ISP Name x E Don E fe 0 Internet Select the type of Certificate i e Signing Certificate Encryption certificate Server Certificate Object Signing Certificate O IDRBT 2002 40 SAN fl DRA Select the Class of Certificate e Class 1 Certificate Class 2 Certificate Class 3 Certificate lf you are selecting the Server Certificate or Object Signing Certificate make sure that you select Class 3 Certificate 17 Click Next to proceed Note If you have generated PKCS 10 request of your own you can paste it in the appropriate text box provided after clicking the Yes radio button veady generated vas OC No CERTIFICATE REQUEST MITCSDCC AEC ADAG sax
64. ollowing e Receiving the Certificate requests and Subscriber Agreement for the Digital Certificates from the Applicants e Verifying the applications as per the terms and conditions of the IDRBT CA CPS and upon successful verification requesting the IDRBT CA to IDRBT 2002 28 DRB generate a Digital Certificate for the respective applicant as per the terms and conditions in the IDRBT CA CPS e Receiving and verifying the requests for Certificate suspension activation and revocation from the Subscribers and upon successful verification forwarding the request to the IDRBT CA e May notify the Subscribers when their Digital Certificate shall expire in advance e Creating and maintaining an accurate audit trail of all RA operations e Rejection of Digital Certificate applications in the event the Applicant Subscriber does not indicate acceptance of obligations as per IDRBT CA CPS or inaccurate information furnished by the Applicant Subscriber e Additional obligations as set forth in the RA agreement Others e The RA or IDRBT CA shall not be responsible if the Subscriber s Private Key is compromised and a request for Suspension Revocation or Activation is placed on Subscriber s behalf e The RA or IDRBT CA shall not be responsible to inform users of revocation of their Certificates in case of the request being initiated by the Subscribers themselves In case of request being initiated by RA or IDRBT CA the Subscriber shall be
65. ore using the Smart Card for the request generation first time you have personalized the card Individual Form Microsoft Internet Explorer i la x File Edit View Favorites Tools Help sa Back mb 3 fat search 3 Favorites A History Er Hi Address https 110 0 72 2 5ubscriber Subscriber GetCertificategenerateRequestIndividual jsp Trust Secusity on MAG IDRBT Certifying Authority Licensed by Controller of Certifying Authorities Government of India August 21 2002 Individual Form Home Confirm Smart Card PIN x Registration Authority Splectthe o Get a Certificate Please enter your PIN Certificate Management has Downloads Help Change PIN after Confirmation Logout Schlumberger Keys Button for key pair generation For feedback on this site please write to the webmaster Copyright 2002 IBRBT Legal Disclaimer Privacy Policy eal E Done ME Internet Mstart 4 F E ES 5 00c1 d0c E individua H subscriber EJIDRET cer Bd 12 29 pm 22 If you have selected the correct Card provider and your PIN is correct then it will take few second to generate the key pair After the successful creation of the keys it will give the following Fig Your Certificate request will be posted to the Registration Authority for verification You will get a confirmation message and the corresponding request number Note this certificate request number for further enqui
66. pplicable 2 Forthe columns marked with details for atleast one is mandatroy Certificate Management Downloads Page 4 of 4 Certificate Type Server Certificate Certificate Class Class 3 Certificate The Following Details will be used in certificate subject Name Email Address Organization Organization Unit CE Locality City State Country Code India o o you have a certificate request already generated Choose No to generate it now Yes No AAA sl AE E 2 Fill the necessary details and click the Next button 3 It will prompt for pasting the PKCS 10 request generated by the Server Paste iton the space provided Click the Submit PKCS 10 Request Button IDRBT 2002 53 3 Individual Form Microsoft Internet Explorer File Edit View Favorites Tools Help d Back mb 3 fal O search Favorites History EA i Address E https 110 0 65 60 Subscriber Subscriber GetCertificate generateRequestindividual jsp Teast amp Secusiy on GR a odrteust iy on V Er FUSE Security CUECA 229 IDRBT Certifying Authority Licensed by Controller of Certifying Authorities July 3 2002 Individual Form Home Registration Authority Please Copy and Paste the Certificate Request PECS 10 in BASE64 format with BEGIN CERTIFICATE REGUEST and END CERTIFICATE REGUEST delimiters Government of India Get a Certificate Certificate Management
67. ry IDRBT 2002 46 E Microsoft Internet Explorer File Edit View Favorites Tools Help Back mb 3 fal O Search Favorites History Eh E Address E https 1110 0 65 60 Subscriber Subscriber GetCertificatesinsertindividual jsp B e F IDRET Certifying Authority Licensed by Controller of Certifying Authorities Government of India July 3 2002 Individual Form Home Registration Authority Get a Certificate Certificate Management Your Certificate Request is posted successfully Downloads Help _ gt l Logout Your Request Number is 69 PP Forfeedback on this site please write to the webmaster Copyright E 2002 IDRBT Legal Disclaimer Privacy Policy f SE E Intermet 23 You can query your Certificate request status by clicking the Certificate Management link in the left page and then clicking the View Status on the top menu IDRBT 2002 47 3 Display Status Microsoft Internet Explorer File Edit View Favorites Tools Help Back mb 3 fai O search Favorites History EA E Address je https 1110 0 65 60 subscriber Subscriber CertManagement viewSkatusDisplav jsp e 30 bd earch We earch Site age Info p oF ighlig Google Search Web Search site PageRank gy page Inf LU Highlight rust FI ET _ FEELS t r pp on ae tia IDRBT Certifvi Authorit Licensed by Controller of Certifying Authorities July 3 2002 View Details Home view Stat
68. s certificates to address the problem of impersonation To get a driver s license you typically apply to a government agency such as the Department of Motor Vehicles which verifies your identity your ability to drive your address and other information before issuing the license To get a student ID you apply to a school or college which performs different checks such as whether you have paid your tuition before issuing the ID To get a library card you may need to provide only your name and a utility bill with your address on it Certificates work much the same way as any of these familiar forms of identification Certificate authorities CAs are entities that validate identities and issue certificates They can be either independent third parties or organizations running their own certificate issuing server software The methods used to validate an identity vary depending on the policies of a given CA just as the methods to validate other forms of identification vary depending on who is issuing the ID and the purpose for which it will be used In general before issuing a certificate the CA must use its published verification procedures for that type of certificate to ensure that an entity requesting a certificate is in fact who it claims to be The certificate issued by the CA binds a particular public key to the name of the entity the certificate identifies such as the name of an employee or a server IDRBT 2002 10 Paes
69. soft Internet Explorer File Edit View Favorites Tools Help se Back fat Gi search Gi Favorites History Eye El Address https 10 0 72 2 Subscriber Subscriber GetCertificate generateRequestIndividual jsp Trust amp Secusisy on MG Licensed by Controller of Gariifying Authorities Government of India IDRBT Certifying Authority August 21 2002 Individual Form Home Registration Authority Selectthe Crypto Graphic Service Provider and Press Generate Keys Button for key pair generation Get a Certificate Certificate Management Cryptographic Service Provider Name Downloads Gemplus GemSAFE Card CSP v1 0 Help Gemplus GemsAFE Card CSP v1 0 Microsoft Base Cryptographic Provider v1 0 Microsoft Enhanced Cryptographic Provider v1 0 E ol Strong at tographic elie Eoin obs pata aa nta aa ana ea aaa See GS ene eat ale a For feedback on this site E write to the webmaster Copyright amp 2002 IDRBT Legal Disclaimer Privacy Policy sl TEA Internet Start a E ER En Doci dor E Individua R Subscriber JIDRET cer Bang 12 25 PM 20 Click the Generate Keys Button to generate the key pair Generate Keys IDRBT 2002 45 DRBI 21 For example if you are using Schlumberger then choose the Schlumberger provider When you click generate it will ask you Smart Card PIN for authentication Give your PIN and press ok Note Be sure that bef
70. st Name Biju 2 Logout A Middle Name null Have you ever known by any other name If Yes Last Name Surname null First Mame null Middle Mame null Father s Hame Last Mame Surname Varghese First Mame Thomas Middle Mame null e Done Bo Internet 26 You can change your personal details if you are requesting for another certificate This can be done by clicking the Certificate Management link from the left pane and selecting the Change Personal Details from the top menu Change the details if required and click the Submit button O IDRBT 2002 49 3 Change Details Microsoft Internet Explorer File Edit View Favorites Tools Help Back mb 3 Pi O search Favorites E History Eh Mi IDRET Certifying Authority Licensed by Controller of Certifying Authorities Government of India July 3 2002 Change Details Home view Status Query Revoke Suspend Activate Change Password Key Recovery Change Personal Details Get Others Digital Certificate Registration Authority Get a Certificate Instructions Seber eu Check whether the details are correct If it is wrong change the details Downloads Full Name Name of the Karta in case of Hindu Undivided Family Last Mame Surname Varghese First Mame Biju Middle Mame null Have you ever known by any other name If Yes Last Mame Surname null First Mame null Middle Mame null Father s Name
71. the difficulty of discovering the key for the RSA cipher most commonly used for public key encryption depends on the difficulty of factoring large numbers a well known mathematical problem Encryption strength is often described in terms of the size of the keys used to perform the encryption in general longer keys provide stronger encryption Key length is measured in bits For example 128 bit keys for use with the RC4 symmetric key cipher supported by SSL provide significantly better cryptographic protection than 40 bit keys for use with the same cipher Roughly speaking 128 bit RC4 encryption is 3 x 10 times stronger than 40 bit RC4 encryption Different ciphers may require different key lengths to achieve the same level of encryption strength The RSA cipher used for public key encryption for example can use only a subset of all possible values for a key of a given length due to the nature of the mathematical problem on which it is based Other ciphers such as those used for symmetric key encryption can use all possible values for a key of a given length rather than a subset of those values Thus a 128 bit key for use with a symmetric key encryption cipher would provide stronger encryption than a 128 bit key for use with the RSA public key encryption cipher This difference explains why the RSA public key encryption cipher must use a 512 bit key or longer to be considered cryptographically strong whereas symmetric key ciphers can
72. the purpose of both signing and encrypting email that deals with sensitive financial or legal matters e Object signing certificates Used to identify signers of Java code Javascript scripts or other signed files Example A software company signs software distributed over the Internet to provide users with some assurance that the software is a legitimate product of that company Using certificates and digital signatures in this manner can also make it possible for users to identify and control the kind of access downloaded software has to their computers 1 9 SSL Protocol The Secure Sockets Layer SSL protocol which was originally developed by Netscape is a set of rules governing server authentication client authentication and encrypted communication between servers and clients SSL is widely used on the Internet especially for interactions that involve exchanging confidential information such as credit card numbers SSL requires a server SSL certificate at a minimum As part of the initial handshake process the server presents its certificate to the client to authenticate the server s identity The authentication process uses Public Key Encryption and Digital Signatures to confirm thatthe server is in fact the server it claims to be Once the server has been authenticated the client and server use techniques of Symmetric Key Encryption which is very fast to encrypt all the information they IDRBT 2002 17 VARG DRA
73. tion Select Use the arrow key or mouse to select an item on the menu a field in a window or an item in the interface Italic Bold Lettering Words in bold face type represent application s functionalities name important notes hints paragraph headings IDRBT 2002 i Click Press the primary mouse button once The primary mouse button is typically the left button peal What is in this Manual This manual introduces the Hrust PKI Services by IDRBT Certifying Authority and helps you by providing all the information to carry out the procedure for Certification Services Chapter 1 Introduction Chapter 2 Getting Started Getting Help If you have any questions that were not answered in this manual please see the following source for additional help Contacting IDRBT CA Technical Support i trust PKI Customer Services team is committed to supporting the users If you have any questions need additional assistance or encounter a problem please contact the following IDRBT CA i trust PKI Services Support Team INFINET http idrbtca org in http infinet org in INTERNET http www idrbt com E mail caservice idrbt ac in Telephone 91 40 3534981 82 Fax 91 40 3535157 IDRBT 2002 lil DRB We Welcome Your Comments Our support is committed Please include the following information when you contact us Your name company organization name job title phone number and e mail a
74. us Query Revoke Suspend Actiwate Change Password Key Recovery Change Personal Details Get Others Digital Certificate Government of India Registration Authority Get a Certificate Tedder embetet Certificate type Signing Certificate A Certificate class Class 1 Certificate ee Date of request 2002 07 03 15 50 48 0 got Status Generation Request Pending with RA Office Common name Biju Varghese Organization IDRET Organization unit STL Email for certification Ibvarghese idrbt ac in Address or locality Hyderabad State Andrhra Pradesh Country IN Details of Request Number 69 e Done Bo Internet 24 Click Logout button on the left pane for logging out from the system 25 Next time when you login to the system using your User ID and Password the details you have filled earlier will be listed IDRBT 2002 48 Check Detail Microsoft Internet Explorer File Edit View Favorites Tools Help EA Search 3 Favorites EW hHistory S r mi ALV Bedia 72 IDRBT Certifying Authority Licensed by Controller of Certifying Authorities Government of India July 3 2002 Check Details Home Pee AGO ua Instructions Get a Certificate Check whether the details are correct fitis wrong change the details Certificate Management hee peer Full Name Name of the Karta in case of Hindu Undivided Family Help Last Mame Surname Varghese n Fir

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