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        XH-Series User Manual
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1.                    Logic Analyzer    Logic Analyzer    Jime Base Trigger  SEC DIV Level    Position Source    ER              Pre Capture    Post Capture Auto EH p         Channels    voltsmiv 7      Position   44 0  eal  Coupling a     v Visible Ref Line    Samples   Second          Device Number             Digital in Lines                   The Logic Analyzer is used to capture and inspect logic level  OV    5V  signals  using the digital IO lines     SEC DIV  Specify the number of seconds per division on the Horizontal Axis Display    Position  Time Base   Specify the vertical offset of the entire channel in percent of the Display     Pre Capture  Specify how much data to capture before the beginning of the display  The value is  specified in divisions of the horizontal axis     XH Series User Manual Page 39                   Post Capture  Specify how much data to capture after the end of the display  The value is  specified in divisions of the horizontal axis     Level  Specify the level where the trigger mechanism will trigger a new frame to be  displayed     Source  Specify the channel index used as the data source by the Trigger     Slope  Specify whether a positive or regative slope is used when triggering     Auto   Specify whether the Trigger is Automatic or Manual  If this value is FALSE  then  you must manually evaluate the Trigger by pressing the trigger button in the  Trigger section of the Scope Panel     Volts DIV  Specify the number of volts per division on 
2.            hade                       2100 Lagtag            Modes  SBP ge TE  Uli oam  40 Ford Deore     om  Coen           Emma       CARs                      NT KP    L ILI             The Configuration Tab is only available when an Acquitek hardware device is  selected in the System Tree Pane  This page is used to set the logical device  number for Acquitek devices to be used by other software applications     The PXI Configuration panel will only be displayed when an Acquitek PXI device  is selected  The checkboxes are used to enable various PXI specific outputs on  these boards  It is very important that you know and understand the PXI system  configuration before enabling any outputs  Driving one of the PXI output lines in a  mis configured system could damage the Acquitek hardware device or one of the  other system devices  See  PXI Implementation Details  in Section 3 of this  manual for an explanation of the PXI specific signals and information on how  those signals are connected on the XH Series boards     XH Series User Manual Page 33 CQUITEK    Test Tab    Acquitex Control Center         Edt Yan Hep       ELEY Lose  System Info                 Tes    EH acean  jl  mens Analog Input               FA    DAD                   Chameli  6 25 Renge 181610 10 00              Dittesentsal                          43107 44080724 CPU to F  IAZ AAD PCI to Al   uc 371 EB MB PIE AN IGA Enc  G23 1AB EB MB             EID  Vico 71 AB EB MB PINE    USE  38870371 MB         Pose
3.       chO ch1    XDA Ain Volts 1   0 1    5 0 5 0   10000  5000     XH Series User Manual Page 55                   The VAcquitekVThirdPariMATLABMEX directory currently contains MEX  files  for analog input and output  digital input and output  and counter timer functions   The analog input functions can be found in the following files     XDA Ain Coupling dll  XDA Ain Raw dll  XDA Ain Volts dll    Analog output functions can be found in the following files   XDA Aout Func dll    XDA Aout Raw dll  XDA Aout Volts dll    Digital input and output functions can be found in the following files     XDA Din Read ll  XDA          Wirite dll    Counter timer functions can be found in the following files   XDA CT Config dll    XDA      CGate dll  XDA CT Read dll    Example M functions that use these MEX files can be found in the  VAcquitekVThirdPar MATLABMEXISamples directory     XH Series User Manual Page 56                  TestPoint    Capital Equipment Corporation   s TestPoint is software for designing test   measurement  and data acquisition applications  The Acquitek TestPoint driver  enables the use of all Acquitek hardware with TestPoint to simplify data  acquisition             File Edit View Utilities Mode Run Debug Window Help      Interactive A D testing  App  1 AD DA TST     Rate  Ha      points                   Interactive A D testing    ae This program  Graphi   Rate  Hz   Moi delta t    21   points  Channel s      ror  Acquire  amp  Graph  Ese A D board modes       XH
4.    Sheet3                    S8 Configure  S Acquire       Once all data acquisition parameters have been set using the configuration dialog   simply click the  Acquire  button on the Acquitek Data Acquisition toolbar to  acquire data directly into your Excel spreadsheet  If you have specified a non   existent target for acquisition  or your configuration parameters are otherwise  incorrect  an error message will be displayed  You can then click  Configure  again  to display the configuration dialog and correct the problem     XH Series User Manual Page 63                   Technical Specifications    Analog Inputs  Number of Inputs   Impedance     Coupling     Analog Bandwidth   Resolution     Full Scale Input Range     Absolute Max    Gain Accuracy    Zero Accuracy    DNL    INL    SNR    SFDR    Triggering   Source   Levels   Slope   External    Sample Rate   Internal Clock     External Clock     XH Series User Manual    2  synchronous    1M Ohm or 50 Ohm  75 Ohm available   Software Selectable   AC or DC   Software Selectable   70 MHz  3 dB    12 Bits    50mV   100mV   200mV   500mV   1V   2V   5V  Software Selectable    12 V       0 1 dB relative to full scale  at 100kHz   0 1  of range  4 1mV  at DC     lt  1 LSB  monotonic     lt 4LSB   64 dB  500 kHz input  1 Vpp range    60 dB  1 Vpp range     Chl  Ch2  Ext  S W  Dig         2 5V  256 Steps     or        2 5V 100k Ohm Zin  25 ns min Pulse width    10kHz     20MHz  1Hz resolution  dual channel  Up to 25 MHz single cha
5.   Analog In Channel  Zero based analog input channel number    Device Number   Data acquisition device number as configured in Acquitek Control Center  You  must assign a device number to the acquisition board before it can be used in  Acquitek Bench or other application software     XH Series User Manual Page 43 Au QUITEK    Oscilloscope    Oscilloscope    Jime Base  Position Source             Pre Capture    Post Capture vd H    Channels    CH  DC    CH2 DC Volts DIV                 Position   0 0  B  Coupling   DC ead  v Visible Ref Line    CH 1 Mode  Differenti M       Mode mas      Channels  Coupling        Coupling         Probe Probe     1x C  10     100x    1x      10x C 100x    Device Number       Analog In Channel o B Un  Analog In Channel    B on                     The Oscilloscope is used to provide a two dimensional visual display of an analog  signal  Most commonly it is used to show signal amplitude versus time  displaying  the waveform of the signal being monitored     SEC DIV    Specify the number of seconds per division on the Horizontal Axis Display    Position  Time Base   Specify the vertical offset of the entire channel in percent of the Display     XH Series User Manual Page 44 Ax    Pre Capture  Specify how much data to capture before the beginning of the display  The value is  specified in divisions of the horizontal axis     Post Capture  Specify how much data to capture after the end of the display  The value is  specified in divisions of the horiz
6.   input channels     Range    Voltage range of signal under test    Mode    Analog input type     differential  2 wire   single ended  1 wire   or non referenced    single ended  1 wire     Coupling    Analog input coupling and impedance    XH Series User Manual    CQUITEK    Probe  Specifies a 1x  10x or 100x probe for scaling of display values     Record  Activate logging of data to disk    File  Name of data log text file  Each line of the file contains a time offset value  followed by a tab  then the sample value and a carriage return    Analog In Channel  Zero based analog input channel number    Samples   Second  Input sampling rate     Device Number   Data acquisition device number as configured in Acquitek Control Center  You  must assign a device number to the acquisition board before it can be used in  Acquitek Bench or other application software     Note  Additional configuration options can be accessed by right clicking on the  instrument     XH Series User Manual Page 50 Aar    Wave Form Generator    Strip Chart       alal das                    CHI Range BEE  gt        Range BEEN 4 channets  Mode DEINEN   Mode BEE    Disable strip plot scrolling  Coupling          Coupling           Probe Probe   Ignore buffer overwrite errors     1x    10x    100x    1x  10x    100x       nmn    Samples   Second    ss     KE     cs     File         File      Device Number        Analog In Channel      Analog In Channel       on            The Waveform Generator is used to outpu
7.  After the drivers are installed  remove the CD and reboot your computer     XH Series User Manual Page 8 CQUITEK    Install the Application Software and Third Party Drivers  e Insert the Acquitek Data Acquisition Setup CD into your CD ROM drive   e Run Setup exe from the root directory of the CD  e Follow the onscreen instructions to install the application and driver software  It is  recommended that you leave installation options unchanged to perform a full  installation of all software components   e After the installation completes  remove the CD and reboot your computer     Configure the Data Acquisition Hardware   e Run Acquitek Control Center from the Acquitek program group on the Windows  Start menu    e The new data acquisition device should appear as a node in the Local System    Hardware   Acquitek   PCI PXI branch of the System tree  Click on the node    e The serial number and logical device number will display in the Configuration  pane  The logical device number is the tag that all application software uses to  specify which hardware device will be used    e To change the assigned device number  click on the configuration tab and select a  new number using the device number edit control  Click the save button to make  the change permanent     Test the Data Acquisition Hardware      If Acquitek Control Center is not still running  re run the application from the  Acquitek program group on the Windows Start menu and select the System tree  node for the data acqu
8.  PXI bussed trigger lines 6 0   Local Bus     XH series boards equipped with digital I O capability occupy two PXI    slots  There is no connection to the Local Bus Left from the leftmost PXI slot  occupied by the XH board  On XH boards without digital I O  only a single PXI    XH Series User Manual Page 25                   slot is used  In this case  the Star Trigger circuitry is connected to the Local Bus  Left pins  however  that circuitry is placed into high impedance state  and unless  the XH board is in Slot 2  the Star Trigger Controller slot   the commands to drive  signals onto the Local Bus Left will not function     XH series boards equipped with digital I O capability connect two wire serial  control signals to Local Bus Right  LBR  pins LBRO and LBR1  These signals are  placed into a high impedance state upon power up  and can not be set to a driven  state by the SDK unless enabled by Acquitek Control Center  ECC   The serial  control signals are for the purpose of controlling Acquitek signal conditioning or  switching cards that may be located in adjacent slots  Prior to enabling the LBR  serial control signals in ECC  the system designer must ensure that there is no  conflict with signals LBL 1 0 from a card in the slot to the right of      XH series  board  Note  In order for the XH series board to control an Acquitek B 1250  external multiplexer  it must have digital I O capability and the serial control  signals on LBR 1 0 must be enabled     Synchronizing 
9.  Series User Manual Page 57                   Installation    e Copy the file TPAcquitek dll from   AcquitekInstallDirectory  ThirdParty TestPoint to the directory where  TestPoint is installed    e Edit the TestPoint ini file found in the TestPoint directory  Replace the entire   ADO  section with this text     ADO   manufacturer AUTO  MODE Bipolar  TYPE Pseudo  COUPLING DC  DACOUPLING DC   e Edit the TPAD ini file found in the TestPoint directory  Find the   ADDRIVERS32  section and add this line    ACQUITEK WDM TPACQUITEK DLL    The Acquitek data acquisition board assigned logical device number one using  Acquitek Control Center can now be accessed in TestPoint as AD device zero  To use  multiple boards  or change the logical device that will be used  copy the board  configuration information added for  ADO  into amther section   ADn    The  Acquitek device number will always be one greater than the TestPoint AD number     Notes  You must run Acquitek Control Center to assign logical device numbers to all  Acquitek devices and verify basic functionality before using the devices with  TestPoint     The TestPoint driver will be copied to the   AcquitekInstallDirectory NThirdPartyVTestPoint directory by Acquitek Setup  You  must complete the installation as documented above     A sample TestPoint application called AD DA tst is copied to     AcquitekInstallDirectory NThirdPartyVTestPointlsamples by Setup  This  application can be used to verify basic functionality     XH Seri
10.  TON o  P EE T m ELDER 57  ExcelDA     Microsoft Excel        1                            59  7 TECHNICAL  gt                        64  8 B 1250 1255 RF MULTIPLEXER  OPTIONAL                                                         67  Arehtecue rm 67                           68   Ss nor ERR 70  CONMOUTAUON    pL IE 70  9 CABLES  amp  CONNECTORS                                                                                   74                                                                                                                                          77                                                                                                                                    82    XH Series User Manual Page 4                   Introduction    The Acquitek XH Series of High Speed Data Acquisition Boards was designed to  provide superior high speed functionality and performance at a low price  All XH  Series Boards utilize 16 MB of onboard memory  a local processor  and bus  mastering to provide glitch free capture and or playback of analog signals of length  limited only by host RAM size  even with a non realtime PC operating system     With dual inputs and dual outputs and excellent dynamic specifications  the XH  Series boards are ideal for communications applications  such as IQ modulation  and demodulation  With 12 bit resolution  high speed precision and flexible  triggering options  they are ideal for high speed control applications  The onboard  DS
11.  User Manual Page 68                   B 1250 ID 0    bat     B 1250  ID 3    B 1250 ID 4    00000    4 CPM    B 1250  ID 7    B 12501D 1    B 1250 ID 2    12                 1 2    4           B 12501D 5    90009    4         OOOOO  1 2    4 COM    B 1250 ID 6    29999    4 CPM    Aino  Aint    Aout0  Aout1    XH 3350             Figure 9 2          Expansion to 26 Inputs Using Multiple B 1250    B 1250 ID 0    29906    4 CDM    B 1250  ID 3    B 1250 ID 4    222       1250  ID 7    B 12501D 1    B 1250 ID 2    TYPER     OOOOO  1 2 3 4 COM    B 12501D 5    2277       1250 ID 6    2     Aino  Aint    AoutO  Aout1    XH 3350             Figure 9 3      Expansion to 26 Outputs Using Multiple    1250    XH Series User Manual    Page 69                                    200007  1 2 3 4 COM               Aint    XH 3350             AoutO     Aout1     L 421x     Notes   X denotes length in meters   XH 3351 is 75 Ohm version     L 421x 75 Ohm coaxial cables  recommended with XH 3351         B 1250 ID 1  L 420x   L 421x     Figure 9 5     B 1250 Connection to XH with DIO Module    Operation    The mux position can be set via software command from the Acquitek Data  Acquisition SDK  See the Acquitek Data Acquisition SDK manual 6r details of  the software commands  A visible LED indicates a currently active BNC  connector  Because the switching elements are mechanical relays designed for low  loss switching of RF signals  no calibration data is required to be read from or  stored in 
12.  User Manual Page 82 CQUITEK    
13.  capture large amounts of input data for analysis  With the  described implementation  a waveform stimulus of up to 8 million samples can be  stored in the onboard memory  and input samples captured up to the amount of free  RAM in the host computer system     XH Series User Manual Page 23 CQUITEK    PXI Implementation Details    As the name PCI Extensions for Instrumentation  or PXI  implies  PXI boards are  built on PCI technology  The PXI extensions are described briefly below  For  more information  please see the PXI specifications  which are available at the PXI  System Alliance web site  www pxisa org    Correspondingly  Acquitek XH series  PXI boards are very similar to the CH series PCI boards  however  the XH series  boards implement a subset of the PXI extensions  which are also detailed below     PXI Extensions    In addition to the enhanced mechanical ruggedness inherent in the PXI form factor   PXI extends the PCI electrical interface in four primary ways to benefit system  designers using the PXI bus     Star Triggers     Slot number two  which is immediately to the right of the  controller slot in the PXI chassis  is defined as the Star Trigger Controller slot   From this slot  a dedicated individual connection is available to each of up to  thirteen peripheral slots in the PXI chassis  Each peripheral slot has a dedicated  Star Trigger pin from which the peripheral can receive or generate unique triggers  from to the Star Trigger Controller  The signal level 
14.  time domain changes  If such a signal is passed through a low pass filter which removes the high  frequency energy  there may be substantial    ringing    at the time domain edges  This is known as  Gibbs Phenomena  Careful design of the lowpass filter transition band can greatly reduce the  amount of time domain ringing     Harmonic distortion     Typically expressed in dB  this is the ratio of power at the fundamental  signal frequency to the power at N times the fundamental frequency  where N is an integer  The  largest distortion typically occurs at N equal two or three     Non linearities in components through which a signal passes change the characteristics of the  signal  Typically  these changes are best observed in the frequency domain through the use of  tools such as the Fast Fourier Transform  FFT   Harmonic distortion results in energy in a signal  being increased at integer multiples of the fundamental frequency of the input signal     Instrumentation Amplifier     A electrical circuit with two inputs and one output  An ideal  instrumentation amplifier presents no load to the two inputs  and the output voltage with respect  to ground is proportional to the difference between the two input voltages     In practice  an input bias current must flow through the instrumentation amplifier inputs  The  input bias current is a measure of the extent to which the instrumentation amplifier will disturb the  inputs to be measured  with a smaller bias current causing less d
15.  which point out goes high     Mode 2  Rate Generator  Out is high  Gate high enables down counting  When count expires  out  goes low for one clock cycle  then high again  Count is reloaded and down  counting continues  This results in a sequence of negative pulses of width  l clockFreq and period countReg clockFreq being generated while gate is  active     Mode 3  Square Wave Generator  Out is high  Gate high enables down counting  When count reaches  count 2  out goes low  When count expires  out goes high  Count is  reloaded and down counting continues  This results in asquare wave of  approximately 50  duty cycle and period countReg clockFreq being  generated while gate is active     Mode 5  Retriggerable Strobe  Out is high  Rising edge on gate triggers down counting to start  Out stays  high until count expires  at which point out goes low for one clock  then  high again     XH Series User Manual Page 20 CQUITEK    Digital I O Header    When equipped with the digital I O expansion module  the Digital I O   s are  brought out to to a DB 37 female connector on the PXI bracket  The connector has    the following pinout     B 1250 SD   37   5V Fused 0 75A   36  Gnd   35   Gnd   34   Gnd   33   Gnd   32   Gnd   31   Gnd   30   Gnd   29   Gnd   28   Gnd   27   Gnd   26   Gnd   25   Gnd   24   Gnd   23   Gnd   22   Gnd   21   Gnd   20       9   8   7   6   5   4   3   2   1     19   18    17   16    15    14   13   12   11   10      B 1250 CS   B 1250 SC   Digl O 15   Digl O 
16. 10  Input Arehtect  ro   1        denen Lal                      12  Output Architecture                                                       15    scm                                   17  Auxiliary ConnectiOns x          eden Mad te gambe aoa dede             18                   p RE 22  PXI Implementation Details                                24         Extensions M                                         24  XH Series PXI Implementation    cs tae    aa RR RE Ue eaa e RR aud 25  4 ACQUITEK CONTROL CENTER                                                            nennen nnne 28  Menuand Toolbat  s E eae ad eee ene 29  System  Tree              TA teams 30                                  E EE           aces 31  1910                                                 32  ConfIQUration                                                                                                                  33                   34  5 ACQUITEK                                                                                                     35  Menu   nd TOO  ER 36                                Seta E A dian eee ied             38  Logic                    n   BS   R         R    39  Iu                                       ee lai ees 42  OSCIIOSCOPG Rm 44                         La 47  Sirip Chart Recorder         ac oa E e EE RR             49  Wave Form EJ 51    XH Series User Manual Page 3                   LAD VIEW eee ba                            ede        53  MATLAB EE 55  TOS
17. 14   Digl O 13   Digl O 12   Digl O 11   Dig O 10   Digl O 9   Cntr1 Out  Digl O 8              Out   5V Fused 0 75A  Digl O 7   Digl O 6   Digl O 5   Digl O 4   Digl O 3   Digl O 2   Digl O 1              Gate  Digl O 0   CntrO Gate    Figure 3 7   D O DB 37    This connector includes an external peripheral bus  This bus is only available to  control Acquitek multiplexers via the Acquitek software toolkit  Up to eight    external muxes  which can be used to mux the analog inputs or outputs  can be  connected at one time  See Section 8 of this manual   XH Series   B 1250 1255 RF  Multiplexer   for more information     XH Series User Manual    Page 21    Data Flow    The input data flow of the XH board is depicted in figure 3 8  The output data flow  is depicted in figure 3 9  There are two performance features to note from these  figures  First  when the input is set for triggered capture  the A D converters are  continually capturing data into the local SDRAM  When an enabled trigger event  occurs  the local processor records the current sample number at the time when the  trigger occurred  Until this happens  data is not transferred across the PCI bus  A  large pre trigger buffer is supported by the large bank of onboard SDRAM  memory  Triggering is available from the following sources  analog level from  either analog input channel or the external trigger with positive and negative slope   or on logical combinations of up to all sixteen DIO   s  Software can also trigger  
18. Acquitek XH Series  High Speed Data Acquisition Boards for PXI    User Manual  July 2004    Information in this document is subject to change without notice   O Copyright 2004  Acquitek  SAS  All rights reserved     CQUITEK       Acquitek is a trademark of Acquitek  SAS  Other trademarks and trade names may be used in this  document to refer to either the entities claiming the marks and names or their products  Acquitek   disclaims any proprietary interest in trademarks and trade names other than its own     Acquitek makes no warranty of any kind with regard to this material  including  but not limited to   the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose  Acquitek shall not be  liable for errors contained herein or for incidental or consequential damages in connection with the   furnishing  performance  or use of this manual     Acquitek  SAS    12 avenue des pr  s  Montigny le Bretonneux  78059 Saint Quentin en Yvelines  France    Acquitek XH Series  High Speed Data Acquisition Boards for PXI    TABLE OF CONTENTS                                                                                                                            5                            J                                    6  XH Senes Product Linie  aiii dH Gina ee 7     M      e         M             8  XH Series                                              8  3 HARDWARE OVERVIEW         10  Hardware                                                                     
19. Clock     XH series boards do not use the 10 MHz PXI backplane  reference clock  They make no connection to the pin on which this clock is  supplied from the backplane     System Management     As noted in the PXI Extensions section  there is no  specified driver on any of the Star Triggers  Bussed Triggers  or Local Bussed  signals  As such  many peripherals may be capable of driving the same line  simultaneously  To prevent this potentially hazardous conflict  the PXI  specification generally states that all drivers should be disabled upon power up  and  only enabled by a higher  level PXI resource manager  For Acquitek boards  the  high  level system configuration management is performed by Acquitek Control  Center  ECC   ECC is able to determine the slot location of all Acquitek boards  and thereby provide some intelligence to prevent configuration conflicts  however   caution is required since ECC does not know the capabilities or configuration of  boards from other manufacturers  In ECC  the system designer can enable the Star  Trigger functions and direction  enable the use of PXI bussed trigger line 7  and  enable the use of the serial control lines on the right local bus  From the  AcquitekDA SDK  the state of these lines may be set or read  but errors will be  returned from the SDK if the feature has not been enabled in ECC  See Section 4  of this manual   XH Series Software     Acquitek Control Center     as well as the  ECC help file and SDK documentation for deta
20. EW installation on your  computer  the Acquitek VIs have been installed into the LabVIEW directory and  can be accessed from the LabVIEW function palette by choosing the Acquitek Data  Acquisition palette view  If a LabVIEW installation was not detected  manual  installation can be completed by copying the XDADaqLV and Menus directories  from the  installdir  ThirdParty LabVIEW directory into the main LabVIEW  installation directory  the directo ry containing LabVIEW  exe      A number of sample VIs are included and can be found in the   installdirNThirdParty LabVIEW Samples directory  These samples demonstrate  wiring of the API level VIs and can also be used as higher level building blocks  within rew LabVIEW applications  The first time you attempt to open one of the  samples from the   installdir WhirdParty LabVIEW Samples   subdirectory   LabVIEW will not be able to find the XDADaqLV VIs used by the sample  You  can either browse to the correct  LabVIEW Install  VXDADaqL VV  directory using  the  find vi  dialog displayed by LabVIEW while loading the sample  or you can  permanently fix the problem for all samples by opening the LabVIEW  Tools    Options menu  selecting        and  VI Search           then entering   LabVIEW Install  XDADaqLVV  and clicking    Insert     Before  Note    LabVIEW Install  should be replaced by the actual name of the directory where  LabVIEW is installed on your system  Also note that the     after XDADaqLV is  needed so that LabVIEW will se
21. NC bidirectional multiplexed terminals  1 BNC bidirectional common terminal  DB 9 for power and control input  DB 9 for power and control daisy chaining    Cables  amp  Connectors  Optional     Acquitek offer a wide array of breakout boxes  connector panels  cables and cable  assemblies to assist in making analog and digital I O connections to the XH Series    boards  Available connectivity options include     XH Series User Manual    B 1050  Breaks out digital I O channels for XH 3300 Series  Requires  L 480x series cable     B 1055  Same as above  but without enclosure     B 1250  Four to One RF multiplexer for XH 3300 Series  Also available  without enclosure  B 1255   Requires L 486x series cable        1410  B 1420  B 1410 is the Rackmount kit and termination panel for XH  Series  B 1420 is the BNC termination panel for the B 1410        Page 74 CQUITEK    L 4801  L 4802  Connects from DB37 connector of XH 33xx to B 105x DIO  breakout  Available in 1M  L 4801  and 2M  L 4802  lengths     L 486x  DB37 to DB9  Used to connect from XH 33xx to B 125x  multiplexer  Available in 1m and 2m lengths     L 489x    DB9 to DB9  Used to daisy chain multiple B 125x  multiplexers  Available in 1m        2m lengths     L 420x  L421x  BNC to BNC cables  available in 50 Ohm  L 420x  and 75  Ohm  L 421x  configurations  and in 1m and 2m lengths     L 422x  BNC to clip cables  available in 1m and 2m lengths        XH Series User Manual Page 75 CQUITEK    The complete line of breakout boxes 
22. P coprocessor can offload intensive processing steps  such as FFTs  to free the  host program for higher level algorithms and applications  The outputs are full  featured arbitrary waveform generators with both waveform playback capability  and function generation mode  and analog reconstruction filters on board  The  board is Plug and Play  and digitally calibrated  so there are no jumpers or  potentiometers to manually adjust     XH Series User Manual Page 5 CQUITEK    Features     e 2 input channels   e Separate 20 MS s A D Converter per Channel   e 12 Bit A D Resolution   e Up to 16 MB Local Acquisition Memory   e Analog  Digital  Software Triggering Modes   e 1 Hz A D Sample Clock Resolution from onboard DDS      2 Output Channels with Arb Function Generation Modes   e 20 MS s D A Converter per Channel   e 12 Bit D A Resolution   e Analog Reconstruction Filtering   e Up to 16      Local Waveform Memory   e 1 Hz D A Sample Clock Resolution from onboard DDS   e 16 Digital I Os  Synchronous with Analog I O  XH 3300 series only  e 2 Counter Timers   e PCI Bus Mastering Transfers at 280 MB s sustained   e Onboard 143 MHz  32 Bit DSP for Numerical Coprocessing  e Windows 98 ME 2000 XP    XH Series User Manual Page 6                   XH Series Product Line     XH Series High Speed Data Acquisition Boards    XH 3250  XH 3240  XH 3230    XH 3251  XH 3241  XH 3231    2 analog inputs  2 analog outputs  50 Ohms  2 analog inputs  0 analog outputs  50 Ohms  0 analog inputs  2 analog 
23. ae                        Using Exacq Device Number 1       Figure 9 5     B1250Cfg Main Screen      Use the CH Device Number spin edit control to select the CH or XH board to  which the B 1250 is connected       Assign the configuration ID by selecting the appropriate B 1250 ID radio  button  Ensure that all B 1250s to be connected to the same CH or XH board    XH Series User Manual Page 71 CQUITEK    are assigned a unique configuration ID  This step automatically stores the  configuration ID in the B 1250 non  volatile memory       Test the connection by switching the mux position with the Channel radio    button       Exit the B1250Cfg application     XH Series User Manual Page 72 CQUITEK    B 1250 Specifications    DC Parameters  Maximum I O Voltage  Maximum I O current  On resistance  Termination resistance    AC Parameters    Insertion loss  Gain Flatness  Off Isolation    Physical  Switching time  Switch cycles    Power consumption    Size    Connectors    XH Series User Manual    30 V max   0 5    max   100 mOhms   50 Ohms     1     Contact factory for 75 Ohm version      lt  0 05 dB at I MHz   lt  0 1 dB DC to 10 MHz   gt 55 dB at 10 MHz    10 ms max  300 000 operations while meeting  full electrical specs  1 000 000 operations mechanical lifetime  20 mA at 5V  No terminals enabled   70 mA at 5V  One terminal enabled   7 2 x 5 528 x 1 52 inches   in box with connectors   183 x 141 x 39 mm  7 2 x 5 28 x 0 58 inches   board only with connectors   183 x 134 x 15 mm  4 B
24. and cables is as follows     Breakout Boxes  amp  Connector Boards    B 1050    B 1055  B 1250    B 1255  B 1410  B 1420    Cables  L 4201  L 4202  L 4211  L 4212  L 4221  L 4222  L 4230  L 4801    L 4802  L 4861  L 4862  L 4891    L 4892    XH Series User Manual    37 pin breakout  Breaks out digital     for XH 3300 Series boards  Requires either L   480x cables or L 482x cables    Same as above  but without enclosure    410 1 RF multiplexer for use with XH 3300 Series boards  Requires either L 480x  cables or L 482xcables    Same as above  but without enclosure  Rackmount kit  front panel and 2 empty hole covers  use with any of the boxes above   BNC termination panel for B 1410 Rackmount kit    BNC 50 Ohm  1m   BNC 50 Ohm   2m   BNC 75 Ohm   1m  Use with 75 Ohm XH boards  BNC 75 Ohm   2m  Use with 75 Ohm XH boards  BNC to clip 1m   BNC to clip   2m   BNC to Scope Probe    DB37 Ext 1m  Connects from DB37 connector on XH 3300 Series boards to one B   105x 37 pin breakout unit     DB37 Ext 2m  Connects from DB37 connector on XH 3300 Series boards to one B   105x 37 pin breakout unit     DB37 to DB9 1m  Connects from DB37 connector on XH 3300 Series boards to one B   125x multiplexer    DB37 to DB9 2m  Connects from DB37 connector on XH 3300 Series boards to one B   125x multiplexer    DB9 to 089 1m  Connects from DB9 connector on    105   breakout unit to one B 125x  multiplexer  or to daisy chain between two B 125x multiplexers     DB9 to DB9 2m  Connects from DB9 connector 
25. arch the subdirectories under XDADaqLV     XH Series User Manual Page 54 CQUITEK    MATLAB                       Edt View Web Window Help    DF        MEME zj                   Using Toolbox Path Cache  Type    help toolbox path cache  for mores    D  Program Files Exacq ThirdParty MATLA      oa        n    N file 25 Jun 2003 10 46 AM CHI   D                            N file 24 7un 2003 05 52      CIS    To get started  select  MATLAB Help    from the Help menu             gt  gt                          Initialized Exocq Technologies Board  Pwasing for connection to external instrument  Press key to go on            Figure No  1       Edt View Insert Tools Window Help    IDF  S KAAS  PND  60                                 Rolative Power Spectrum  dB                  Paused Press any                    Acquitek currently provides access to its data acquisition API in MATLAB via  MEX files  These functions are contained in   dll files in the  VAcquitekVThirdParyMATLABMEX directory  Their help txt documentation is  contained in  m files with filenames that correspond to the  dll files  To see this  documentation  type  help XXX  at the MATLAB prompt  where  XXX  is the  part of the filename before the  dll extension  such as  XDA Ain Volts   The  functions can be called just as any M function is called  For example  to read a  sequence of 5000 input voltages between  5V and 5V from analog input channels 0  and 1 of device 1 at 10000 Hz  type the following at the MATLAB prompt
26. ays one or more tabbed pages with additional  information about the hardware device or software module currently selected in the  System Tree     XH Series User Manual Page 31 Act Ek    Info Tab    AM  oc al S pita    mar  tet  pci e                 e                   CPU o F  WUE                     NU ECXTTEB INE PAMEN ISA B3  MORSE   RE AKSEN EID                   JE BSE PIKE MUSE  WU EC371V8        Pona Manager             C54281 SouandFuien         Wu rk recen                 Fact            bor PC H  i            Lobo              NIBH spe FYN M obl  SGP  gt      NBN Logic DAD Bod Dens    Somes  eg EPI    f eoque Ene                                  lt  Acqatet Berch            f winds NT  2XXQ AP    By Td pat      Iwo                    Text    Serial Number DR 23456763  Device Number 1                The information displayed on the Info Tab varies according to the device or module  selected in the System Tree  Selected Acquitek hardware devices display their  serial number and the configured device number  Other hardware devices display  PCI configuration data  Software modules display version resource information if  available along with file date and size     XH Series User Manual    Page 32    Configuration Tab    Configuration      into                        Device                   3 Current         CPU         Beige        im  PO to AG         BEYER POOR M                   UB EA         M EIDE Console         BEITE POM Pome    semen d Cornin    25427 Sound  
27. bled   TTL compatible  50 Ohm Zout   I sample duration at segment boundary    Digital I O Module  XH 3300 Series only     Number of I O     Input High   Input Low   Output High   Output Low   Power Up State   Counter Timers   Number   Clock   Speed   Modes     Physical Environmental  Dimensions     Power Consumption   Operating Temperature     Storage Temperature   Connectors     XH Series User Manual    16  two 8 bit ports   Each port selectable as input or  output   2 0 V  5 V max   0 8 V  0 V min   2 4 V min O 24 mA   0 4 V max   24 mA   Input  High Impedance     2  24 bits    Internal from A D or D A clk  80 MHz Max   8254 modes 1  2  3  5    4 HP  single slot  3U PXI  160 x 100 mm    8 HP  two slot  with optional Digital I O Module  1 75A at  5V   500 mA at  12V   0  C to 55  C    20  C to 70  C   5 BNC Female    2 Input  2 Output  1 Ext trig clk sync out    DB 37 female connector  for optional Digital I O     B 1250 1255 RF Multiplexer  Optional     The Acquitek B 1250 is a 4 1  high  frequency analog multiplexer   demultiplexer  the B 1255 is the same unit  without a physical enclosure   It is intended  to operate under software control in       conjunction with an Acquitek CH or XH  Series high speed analog I O board  The  signal path is passive  so the mux is bi  directional  i e  it can be used on either the inputs or outputs of the CH or XH  board   The control interface utilizes a non volatile configuration identity so that  up to eight B 1250s can be controlled b
28. boards in the Star Trigger Controller slot can function  as the system Star Trigger Controller  XH series boards equipped with digital I O  capability will not fit into the Star Trigger Controller slot because of the  mechanical layout of the two slot  wide front panel necessitated by the digital I O  connector  This limitation is by design  as the digital I O and Star Trigger  functions share common circuitry  As the Star Trigger Controller  the XH series  board can issue triggers to  or receive triggers from  all thirteen peripheral slots as  defined by the PXI Hardware Specification     XH series boards in peripheral slots can receive triggers from the Star Trigger  Controller to synchronize operations between boards  This input trigger is  controlled through the SDK in a similar manner as other trigger sources     Bussed Triggers     XH series boards feature an auxiliary front panel BNC  connector which provides several functions  external clock input or output  external  analog input trigger  and external synchronization driver  These functions can be  duplicated on PXI bussed trigger line 7  Note  however  that signals      the bussed  triggers must be TTL compatible  Therefore  while the auxiliary BNC connector  can perform analog triggering and recover a digital clock from a sine wave input   trigger bus 7 signals are only TTL  AcquitekDA SDK functions can select whether  the Aux BNC connector or Trigger Bus 7 is operable     The XH series boards make no connection to
29. cal analog input chains drive a two channel  12 bit analog to digital  converter  A D  on XH boards equipped with analog inputs  There is one clock for  the A D  ensuring that both channels are sampled simultaneously  The input  channel is shown in figure 3 2     Gain Offset  Trim    Figure 3 2     XH Input Architecture       The signal is connected to the board through a BNC connector into a high speed  instrumentation amplifier  This is a differential input amplifier  allowing the signal  reference to be electrically isolated from the board ground  The purpose of this  isolation is to prevent ground loops from occurring in the measurement setup  A  typical ground loop setup is depicted in figure 3 3a  As can be seen from the  figure  the measured voltage is in error by the amount of ground potential  difference between the source and measurement device  This can be a major  problem  preventing accurate measurements  particularly when the signal source is  a long distance away from the measurement point  or the source and measurement  devices are powered from different electrical circuits  In figure 3 3b  the XH  differential input is shown  However  the voltage difference from the input  reference to the local computer ground  V         from figures 3 3a and 3 3b  should  not exceed  3 5V  Any voltage difference will limit the available input range of  the XH board     XH Series User Manual Page 12                       Vsignal               Figure 3 3a   Ground Loop    V s
30. data capture or place the analog inputs into free run mode     Local Host  A D FPGA SDRAM PCI Bus SDRAM    Analog Trigger  Ext Trigger    DIO Trigger  S W Trig  free run        Figure 3 8     Input Data Flow    Host Local  SDRAM PCI Bus SDRAM FPGA D A    Ext Trig       Figure 3 9     Output Data Flow    XH Series User Manual Page 22                   Also  note that input and output data is transferred as 16 bit words  This minimizes  processor overhead which would be required to separate 12 bit A D and D A words  if they were packed into 3 bytes  However  with 20 MHz   2 bytes sample   2  channels   80 Mbytes sec on both the input and the output  net data throughput  required of the XH board is 160 Mbytes sec  The theoretical maximum for the PCI  bus is only 132 Mbytes sec  and even with a bus mastering controller on the XH   100 Mbytes sec is difficult to sustain due to other activity on the bus  In this case   the large onboard SDRAM memory bank is used to ease the PCI throughput  bottleneck  In most cases  the output waveform will be loaded into onboard  memory  and streamed to the D A converters from there  As the waveform repeats   the D A waveform sync can be driven out the auxiliary BNC connector  This frees  the entire PCI bandwidth to support the 80 MByte sec stream from the analog input  channels  This mechanism is typical because a deterministic  repetitive output  waveform is often sufficient to stimulate a test or measurement setup  while it is  often desired to
31. device that will be used for acquisition   This number must be assigned in Acquitek Control Center     Target Workbook  The workbook to which data will be acquired  You must provide the entire name including  the  xls extension if one is present     Target Worksheet  The worksheet to which data will be acquired  This sheet must already be present in the  specified workbook     Target Column    Starting Column for data acquisition  Data for a single channel will be captured to the  specified column  Data for multiple channels will be captured to consecutive columns     Target Row    Starting row for data acquisition  Samples for each channel will be captured in consecutive  rows starting with the specified row     XH Series User Manual Page 60 CQUITEK    Analog In Configuration    ExacgXL Settings 1 X     General AnalogIn      Channel Count   1 Polarity   Bipolar     Sample Count   10 Coupling DC hs  Sample Rate  Hz    10000 Mode   Pseudo Diff       Scan Rate  Hz    0 Trigger  ENN DE  Rae 5 Channel    Level   2 5  Type   Falling             Noise Reject                Display the Analog In Configuration tab on the configuration dialog by clicking     Configure    on the Acquitek Data Acquisition toolbar  then choosing the  Analog In   tab     Channel Count  The number of channels from which data will be acquired     Sample Count  The number of samples to acquire from each channel  Note that Excel limits this value to  about 65000     Sample Rate  The sampling clock frequency t
32. dows  and arrange the display of those windows     File  Exit  Close Acquitek Bench    Edit   Preferences   Set application specific preferences  View    DC DC Source  Open or close the DC Source window    Logic Analyzer  Open or close the Logic Analyzer window    Meter    Open or close the Meter window                            Open or close the Oscilloscope window    m Spectrum Analyzer  Open or close the Spectrum Analyzer window    XH Series User Manual Page 36                   Strip Chart    Open or close the Strip Chart window       Waveform Generator  Open or close the Waveform Generator window    Window  Cascade  Cascade all open child windows    Tile   Tile all open child windows  Minimize All   Minimize all open child windows    Close  Close the currently selected child window    Help  Contents  Display help contents    Acquitek Web Site  Launch the default browser and direct to www Acquitek com    About  Display version and copyright information    XH Series User Manual Page 37 CQUITEK    DC Source    DC Source EE EX    Analog Out Channel       Device Number       0        The DC Source is used to output a constant voltage on an analog output channel     Analog Out Channel  Zero based analog output channel number     Device Number   Data acquisition device number as configured in Acquitek Control Center  You  must assign a device number to the acquisition board before it can be used in  Acquitek Bench or other application software     XH Series User Manual Page 38
33. er    Spectrum Analyzer            ales    20 0 25 0 30 0    Frequency Khz       CHI CH 2 All Channels    range        Ronge BEE lin         Mode BEE   Mode BEE      Samples   Second mn     Analog In Channel            Analog In Channel       On   Device Number                               The Spectrum Analyzer is used to measure the frequency spectrum of    signal on  an analog input channel     Range  Voltage range of signal under test    Mode  Analog input type     differential  2 wire   single ended  1 wire   or nomreferenced  single ended  1 wire     Coupling  Analog input coupling and impedance    XH Series User Manual Page 47 Au    Analog In Channel  Zero based analog input channel number    Samples   Second  Input sampling rate     Device Number   Data acquisition device number as configured in Acquitek Control Center  You  must assign a device number to the acquisition board before it can be used in  Acquitek Bench or other application software     XH Series User Manual Page 48 Ao QUITEK    Strip Chart Recorder    Acquitek Bench       Eck Iretrument Window                  Range             Modo EE    Coupling           Probe  MOS    1 1 100x    Analog In Channel GRE   rx    Analog In Channel         on       KER    nange GUE         channels  mode         Cono           Disable strip plot scrolling    Ignore buffer overwite anart    Samples   Second           Device Number    B    The Strip Chart Recorder is used to capture and save voltage levels from the analog  
34. es User Manual Page 58           ExcelDA     Microsoft Excel Add In    ExcelDA is a Microsoft Excel Add In that enables data acquisition from within  Excel using any Acquitek hardware device  Itis included with all Acquitek  products and installed into the ThirdParty directory when Acquitek Data  Acquisition Setup is run     Installation  To Install ExcelDL follow these steps     e Start Microsoft Excel     Choose  Add Ins     from the Excel  Tools  menu   e Click the  Browse     button on the Add Ins dialog      Navigate to  AcquitekInstallDirectory  ThirdParty ExcelDA     Double click ExcelDA xla   e Click the  OK  button on the Add Ins dialog     Choose  ToolBars  from the Excel  View  menu   e Select  Acquitek Data Acquisition    from the ToolBars list    Once you have completed these steps  the Acquitek Data Acquisition toolbar will  be available for use with any workbook within Excel  You can drag and dock the  toolbar to a convenient spot on the Excel toolbar  or let it float within the work area  as you prefer     XH Series User Manual Page 59                   General Configuration    ExacqXL Settings x     General   Analog In      Device Number   1       Target    workbook   Book1  worksheet   Sheet1    Column A Row   1                Display the General Configuration tab on the configuration dialog by clicking   Configure  on the Acquitek Data Acquisition toolbar  then choosing the  Gene ral   tab     Device Number    Logical device number of the Acquitek hardware 
35. ger function     D A     Digital to analog converter  A component which produces an analog output signal which is  proportional to a digital input value  Typically a D A will hold the same analog output voltage for  a period of time called the sample time  and be updated periodically with digital input values at a  rate called the sample frequency     dB   A decibel  or dB  is 10   10210  power ratio between to signals   Since power is  proportional to voltage squared  when dealing with voltages a dB is 20   lo g10  voltage ratio      dBfs     dB relative to a full scale A D or D A signal  dBV   dB relative to one Volt    dBm     dB relative to one milliWatt    dBmV  dB relative to one milliVolt     Differential Input   An input through which the difference of two signals at the positive and  negative inputs is measured rather than the difference between a signal and system ground  There  is a limit to how far the two signals can be from the system ground before the input is no longer  able to measure simply the difference between the two inputs but instead is distorted by the  difference between the signals and ground  This limit is called the common mode voltage range     Elliptic Filter   A type of filter which has excellent frequency domain cutoff properties but poor  time domain distortion properties  i e  pulse response with excessive ringing   This filter  characteristic can be implemented in either the analog or digital domain     FFT     Fast Fourier Transform  A mat
36. he board can sustain bus master transfers at nearly 100 MBps across the bus  the  net throughput of the board is up to 160 MBps and PCI activity could cause  interruptions in the data streaming  Finally  an onboard digital signal processor   DSP  is used for real time control of inputs  outputs  triggering  and to implement  algorithm acceleration and realtime execution     The XH board is shown in figure 3 1  with the major sections and connectors  identified  An XH 3250 3251 or XH 3350 3351 is fully functional with two inputs  and two outputs  An XH 3240 3241 or XH 3340 3341 features two inputs  with  the output section unpopulated  An XH 3230 3231 or XH 3330 3331 features two  outputs  with the input section unpopulated  The control hardware  onboard  processor  memory  and software interface are identical for the entire family of XH  boards     XH Series User Manual Page 10 CQUITEK    DSP   PCI  Interface       Figure 3 1     XH Board Layout    There are no manual adjustments or switches on the XH board  Calibration is  performed at the factory  and the calibration settings are stored in an on board  EEPROM  The calibration settings are used to set digital gain and offset trimming  potentiometers  Therefore  the calibration is performed in the analog domain     preserving the full dynamic range of the A D and D A converters and eliminating  any processing overhead for software calibration     XH Series User Manual Page 11                   Input Architecture    Two identi
37. hematical tool for analyzing the frequency content of     signal     FIFO     First In  First Out  A temporary storage memory with no addressing in which data is  stored and retrieved in first in  first out order     On a data acquisition board  a FIFO is used to free the host processor from servicing the data  acquisition hardware on a periodic interval  Typically  the hardware accesses one side of the  FIFO at the periodic sample rate  or a multiple of it   The host accesses the other side of the FIFO  to either fill it with data for output or read the input data  The host can do so in burst mode  which  is much more efficient  For example  a burst transfer across the host PCI bus can reach nearly  132 Mbytes sec whereas non burst transfers are a small fraction of that rate     With a non realtime operating system such as Windows  it is important for the FIFO to hold    enough data to sustain periodic data acquisition during intervals when the processor is not  available to service the data acquisition hardware     XH Series User Manual Page 78 CQUITEK    Floating Source        voltage source in which the voltage at the positive or negative terminal is  referenced only to the other terminal  not to an absolute reference or ground  Batteries and  thermocouples are common floating sources     Gibbs Phenomena     Signals with sharp edges in their time domain response  such as square  waves  require high frequency content in their frequency domain response to produce the rapid 
38. ignal    Figure 3 3b   XH Differential Input Eliminates Ground Loop    NOTE  The differential input structure of the XH is only intended to eliminate ground  loops  With a balanced transmission medium  such as twisted pair wire  a differential  input will also reject noise picked up on the transmission medium due to the symmetry of  the noise between both differential inputs  However  with the coax connection typical for  the XH input  noise will couple onto the coax shield  not the center conductor  and  therefore the differential input may increase the amount of noise picked up on the  transmission medium  If ground loops are not an issue in the XH application and  excessive noise is being picked up on the coax  please contact the factory     A switchable termination resistor can be enabled to terminate the input  50 Ohms    is the nominal termination impedance  75 Ohm termination for video applications  is available  Please contact the factory for this option     XH Series User Manual Page 13                   An AC coupling capacitor can also be switched in line  The AC coupling can  block up to 25 VDC  However  be extremely careful when measuring such signals  with large DC offsets  If the AC coupling capacitor is switched out when  connected to a signal with a large DC offset  the large voltage could damage the  XH input circuitry  Signals larger than the  12V from the board ground are  potentially damaging to the XH board     A variable gain stage follows the input ins
39. ils     XH Series User Manual Page 26 AQUA    XH Series User Manual Page 27 CQUITEK    Acquitek Control Center       BUCO MADE CPU bo d  REIGN MONDE PO       SBT ERE      AM      Bed  Serre PIU M ECC   EBAG PIRA M USE               CQUITEK    Lage P Mobil AGP  gt   Mace DAD Bows Dame          Acquitek Control Center  ECC  provides a central location for the configuration  and test of data acquisition products from Acquitek   ECC is used to assign logical  device numbers to Acquitek hardware devices so that those devices can be accessed  from other software applications  ECC can also be used to specify default  configuration parameters for Acquitek hardware devices and to verify correct  installation and operation of those devices     XH Series User Manual Page 28 CQUITEK    Menu and Toolbar    Acquitek Control Center    File Edit Yiew Help         3     File   Load Profile  Loads a previously saved set of configuration data  making those settings active     File   Save Profile  Save the current configuration settings for all Acquitek devices to a named file     File   Exit  Exit Acquitek Control Center    Edit   Preferences  Set general application preferences including whether to scan hardware and  software each time Acquitek Control Center is started     View   Refresh  Scan the system for installed hardware and software    Help   Contents  View help for Acquitek Control Center    Help   Acquitek Web Site  Open the Acquitek home page in a default browser window    Help   Ab
40. ise is  unlimited  but the likelihood of such peaks is infinitesimally small  The likelihood of a noise  magnitude exceeding two times the RMS value is less than 5      XH Series User Manual Page 79 CQUITEK    Nyquist Frequency     Nyquist   s Sampling Theorem states that an analog signal can be exactly  reconstructed froma periodic sampling of that signal if the sampling rate is greater than twice the  highest frequency contained in the analog signal  Therefore  the Nyquist Frequency is      the  sampling rate  Fs 2   Any frequencies contained in the analog signal above the Nyquist  Frequency will be aliased into the band 0     Fs 2 by the sampling process     PGIA   Programmable Gain instrumentation Amplifier  An instrumentation amplifier in which  the scaling coefficient which multiplies the difference between the input voltages to produce the  output voltage can be changed via control signals  In an instrumentation amplifier which is not  programmable  the scaling coefficient is typically set by a resistor     Pseudodifferential Input   A differential input in which the negative input is intended as a  voltage reference only  not to carry signal information  The negative input is isolated from the  system ground  and the pseudodifferential input is therefore useful for preventing ground loops  In  a multichannel system  many pseudodifferential inputs may share the same reference input  while  it is common to the inputs  it is still isolated from system ground     Quantiza
41. isition device    e Select the Test tab in the Configuration pane    e The displayed test panels can be used to test all analog input channels and analog  output channels as well as the digital IO lines  Connecting an analog output to an  analog input  then turning on both panels can be used as a quick check to verify  basic operation     Run Application Software  e Installation and configuration of the Acquitek data acquisition hardware and  software is now complete   e You can run the included Acquitek Bench application software to use the device in  a wide range of test and measurement tasks   e Remember that all application software will refer to the data acquisition hardware  using the logical number assigned by Acquitek Control Center     XH Series User Manual Page 9                   Hardware Overview    Hardware Overview    The Acquitek XH family of PXI data acquisition cards has the functionality of an  oscilloscope  logic analyzer  function generator  and arbitrary waveform generator   The oscilloscope features two channels with software selectable high impedance  inputs for light circuit loading or 50 Ohm inputs for minimum noise on small  signals  The logic analyzer samples up to 16 inputs synchronously with the analog  inputs  The signal generators can drive low distortion signals up to 10 Vpp into a  50 Ohm load  A memory controller with a large bank of onboard memory buffers  both input and output signals from the PCI bus  This is critical  since even though  t
42. isturbance  A practical  instrumentation amplifier will also have an offset voltage which is present at the output when the  difference between the inputs is zero  Calibration of this offset voltage  along with external  nulling circuitry  can eliminate this offset prior to analog to digital conversion     Multiplexer     A device with several inputs and one output  External controls cause the desired  input to be connected to the output  In a multifunction board  the multiplexer can operate at high  speed to allow many inputs to be measured with a single instrumentation amplifier and analog to  digital converter              Multiplexer     Noise     Any undesired modification         signal is called noise  Unfortunately  everything adds  noise to a signal  but some components or systems add more than others  The noise can be  thermal noise  which is caused by the random motion of charge carriers in conductors  or  semiconductors   This random motion increases as temperature increases  hence the name     thermal noise     The noise can also be from interference    leaking    into a signal from other  circuitry  In particular  high speed digital circuitry is prone to corrupt analog signals   Quantization is another type of noise imparted by the conversion between analog and digital  signal     In general  it is good for the noise to be small  Since noise is generally a random process  it is  best measured in terms of an RMS voltage  Statistically  the peak value of random no
43. kly  A clocked mode in  which the DIO   s are sampled synchronously with the analog inputs and the data is  streamed to host memory is also available  Due to data rate limitations  this mode  is not available when the sample clock is over 10 MHz  In input mode  the DIO   s  are pulled to  5V through a 10 K Ohm resistor  There is also a 100 Ohm software  switchable termination resistor which can be used to improve signal integrity on  high speed digital switching signals     XH Series User Manual Page 14 AQUA    Output Architecture    There are two identical output channels on XH boards equipped with analog  outputs  The output chain is depicted in figure 3 4  The analog output starts with a  12 bit digital to analog converter  D A   The D A on the XH board always operates  bipolar mode  therefore  the data input format is two   s complement     0 20 dB 0 6 14 20 dB         7  Order  Filter 12 Bit  D A    Converter    Offset Trim    Gain Trim    Figure 3 4     XH Output Architecture    Following the D A output buffer amplifier is an analog reconstruction  anti  aliasing  filter  This filter is a 7  order Butterworth low pass filter  with cutoff  frequency of 8 MHz  A Butterworth response was chosen as the best compromise  between frequency domain cutoff properties and time domain transient response   In the Acquitek software library  square and triangle waveforms are implemented   Their frequency is limited to 1 MHz so that the ringing which results from Gibbs  Phenomena is ke
44. lly related to the input signal or  not     Successive Approximation     An analog to digital converter architecture capable of high  resolution conversion at moderate speed  Unlike pipelined converters and sigma delta  converters  the input sampling rate does not need to be periodic and the start and end of a  conversion are well defined  making it the most suitable architecture for multiplexing inputs     XH Series User Manual Page 81 CQUITEK    Technical Support    Acquitek is committed to providing exceptional technical and engineering support   When you need help with your Acquitek XH Series product  please have the  following information available     e    complete description of the problem  including any error messages       instructions on re creating the error     e Your computer configuration  including brand  processor  speed  memory   and other hardware installed    e Description of what is connected to the XH Series boards    e Operating System Environment  Windows  Linux  etc     e Information on the compiler you are using  if applicable     e Sample code  if applicable     Technical support can be contacted as follows     Acquitek   SAS    12 avenue des pr  s   Montigny le Bretonneux  78059 St Quentin en Yvelines  France   Phone   33 1 61 37 32 11  Fax  4331 6137 32 13    e mail  support   acquitek com  Web  http   www acquitek com    Technical Support Hours  Monday   Friday  9 00 am     6 00 pm          1   Saturday  Sunday  amp  Holidays  Closed    XH Series
45. nals     XH Series User Manual Page 16                   Triggers    The CH and XH series of boards support a variety of triggering options  Trigger  sources are  Analog Input 0  Analog Input 1  External  Digital  The XH board also  supports additional PXI triggers  See the  XH Series PXI Implementation    section  of the manual  The Ain and External triggers support rising or falling edge  triggering  There is also a hardware noise reject filter which requires the trigger to  exceed the threshold for approximately one half microsecond before signaling the  trigger event  This mechanism will introduce a delay in the trigger point of  approximately one half microsecond  which may be an appreciable number of  samples at high sample rates  Digital triggering supports either a pattern match  mode  where all of the enabled digital trigger bits  up to 16  must match a  predefined pattern  or edge mode  where a selectable rising or falling edge on any  of the enabled digital trigger bits generates a trigger     Trigger sources are selected by software  See the Acquitek Data Acquisition SDK  manual documentation for the set trigger functions  It should be noted that in  addition to triggering an input capture  outputs can also be triggered from the above  sources  i e  analog output triggered by an analog input signal crossing a threshold    Not all possible combinations of functionality are possible  For example  the  external clock and external trigger share a connector and circuit
46. nnel   Software Selectable   Independent from output clk   Must be  gt  4x sample rate   100k Ohm Zin  80 MHz max    Memory     PCI Interface     Analog Outputs   Number of Outputs    Impedance    Coupling    Analog Filters    Resolution    Full Scale Output Range    into 50 Ohm load     Gain Accuracy    Zero Accuracy    DNL    INL    SNR    SFDR    Triggering   Source   Ext Level   Ext Slope   Ext Input    Sample Rate   Internal Clock     External Clock     XH Series User Manual    16 MB local capture memory    shared with output memory    32 bit  33 MHz Bus Mastering   Continuous full speed capture of   2 chan at 20MSps per chan  80 MB s   to PC memory is supported     2  synchronous    50 Ohm  75 Ohm available    DC   7th Order Butterworth  8 MHz 3 dB Frequency  12 Bits    50mV   100mV   200mV     500mV   1V   2V   5V   Software Selectable       0 1 dB relative to full scale  at 100kHz   0 1  of range  4 1mV  at DC     lt  1 LSB  monotonic    1 LSB   72 dB  500 kHz output  1 Vpp range    55 dB  1Vpp range     Chl  Ch2  Ext  S W  Dig         2 5V  256 Steps     or        2 5V 100k Ohm Zin  25 ns min Pulse width    1Hz     20MHz  1Hz resolution  dual channel  Up to 40 MHz single channel   Software Selectable   Independent from input clk   Must be  gt  4x sample rate   100k Ohm Zin  80 MHz max    Page 65    Memory   Operating Modes     Sync Output     up to 16 MB local waveform memory  Arbitrary Waveform with Automatic looping  Function  sine  square  triangle    Software ena
47. o be used for the acquisition     Scan Rate  The time between channel sample sets when using hardware that does not support  simultaneous sampling  Set this value to 0 when acquiring one channel or when you wish    to use the frequency specified by  Sample Rate        Range    XH Series User Manual Page 61 CQUITEK    The maximum voltage of the input signal  Valid values for this parameter depend on the  particular hardware device being used  Please see the hardware reference manual for a list  of valid values     Polarity  Input signal polarity   Bipolar or Unipolar     Coupling  Input signal coupling   AC  DC  or DC Terminated     Mode  Input signal mode   Differential  Single Ended  or Pseudo Differential     Trigger Channel  Analog channel used to trigger acquisition     Trigger Level  Voltage level at which data acquisition will trigger     Trigger Type  Trigger mode   Falling  Rising  External  or None  To begin acquisition as soon as the                  toolbar button is clicked  set this value to none     Trigger Noise Reject  Enable Trigger Noise Reject to avoid triggering on noise from the trigger input signal     XH Series User Manual Page 62 Aix    Acquisition                                  Microsoft Excel 101         File Edit        Insert Format Tools Data Window Help Acrobat  JOSE 4  5  80            M  T zara sv                gt       e sean    RA  XTE mic wee    2         Al      zl    x      Configure   Acquire                    gt   pi NSheet1   Sheet2
48. ock and gate signal and generate  an output signal  On the CH board  the clock sources are fixed  CTO takes its  clock from the analog input sample clock  i e  not the integer multiple of sample  clock as described in the auxiliary BNC section   while CT1 takes its clock from  the analog output clock which is 2x or 4x the D A clock depending upon whether  one or two output channels are enabled  The gate source is either from a software  register or from an input pin shared with the digital I O  The output goes to a  software register and can be directed to an output pin shared with digital I O  See  the digital I O pinout drawings  figures 3 7  3 8  for the specific pin information     XH Series User Manual Page 19 AQUA    The Acquitek Data Acquisition SDK has documentation on the functions used for  programming the counter timers  Use the SDK functions for setting the Ain and  Aout clock to set the CTO and CT1 frequencies  respectively  Note that the DIO  port which contains the counter timer output pins must be set to output mode for  the counter timer output to be driven on the pins  The DIO port which contains the  counter timer gate pins must be set to input mode for the gate signal to be read  from the pins  Count is up to 24 bits  and is programmed with the number of clocks  to be counted  The operating modes are     Mode I  Retriggerable One Shot  Out is high  Rising edge on gate triggers out to go low and down counting  to start  Out stays low until count expires  at
49. on B 105x breakout unit to one B 125x  multiplexer  or to daisy chain between two B 125x multiplexers     Glossary    Aliasing   The term used to describe the observed effect of sampling an analog signal at a  sampling frequency less than two times the highest frequency content of the signal  Signal  processing theory  specifically Nyquist   s Theorem  states that an analog signal can be exactly  reconstructed from a periodic sampling of that signal if the sampling rate is greater than twice the  highest frequency contained in the analog signal     With the exception of some specialized undersampling applications it is important to prevent  aliasing before it happens through the use of high sampling rates and or anti aliasing filters  Once  a signal has been corrupted by aliasing  it can no longer be exactly reconstructed from its samples     Anti Aliasing filter   A filter with a frequency cutoff below one half the sampling rate  It is used  to prevent aliasing during the sampling of an analog signal     A D     Analog to digital converter  A component which produces a digital representation of the  voltage of an input analog signal at an instant in time called the sample time  Typically an A D  will sample an input signal periodically at a rate called the sample frequency     Bessel filter     A type of filter which has excellent time domain distortion properties  i e  pulse  response with very little ringing  but poor frequency domain cutoff properties  This filter  charac
50. on the Star Trigger line must  be 5   or less  Since the driver of the Star Trigger line is not specified  both the  controller and peripherals must not drive the line at power up  A pull up resistor is  allowed on peripherals to prevent an indeterminate electrical state     Bussed Triggers     Eight general purpose lines are available which are shared  among all slots on the PXI bus segment  Signaling on these lines must be at TTL  levels  Since there is no specified driver on these lines  all peripherals must set  these lines at high impedance upon power up     Local Bus     Adjacent peripheral slots are connected via thirteen wires to the left  and thirteen wires to the right  These Local Busses are general purpose  and can be  used for digital signals or analog signals up to  442V  Since there is no specified  driver on these lines  all peripherals must have these lines at high impedance or  ground upon power up  From the Star Trigger Controller slot  which is leftmost in  the chassis  excluding the system controller slot  the Left Local Bus lines are used  to implement the Star Triggers     XH Series User Manual Page 24 Aix    Synchronizing Clock     A 10 MHz reference clock is provided by the PXI  backplane to all peripheral slots  including the Star Trigger Controller slot  From  the Star Trigger Controller slot  an external clock reference may be driven as a  substitute for the backplane 10 MHz reference     XH Series PXI Implementation    Star Triggers     XH series 
51. ontal axis     Level  Specify the level where the trigger mechanism will trigger a new frame to be  displayed     Source  Specify the channel index used as the data source by the Trigger     Slope  Specify whether a positive or negative slope is used when triggering     Auto   Specify whether the Trigger is Automatic or Manual  If this value is FALSE  then  you must manually eva luate the Trigger by pressing the trigger button in the  Trigger section of the Scope Panel     Volts DIV  Specify the number of volts per division on the vertical axis display     Position  Channel   Specify the vertical offset of the entire channel in Percent of the Display     Coupling  Specify the signal coupling of this channel     Visible  Specify whether the channel trace line is visible     XH Series User Manual Page 45             Mode  Analog input type     differential  2 wire   single ended  1 wire   or non referenced  single ended  1 wire     Coupling  Analog input coupling and impedance    Probe  Specifies a 1x  10x  or 100x probe for scaling of display values     Analog In Channel  Zero based analog input channel number    Device Number   Data acquisition device number as configured in Acquitek Control Center  You  must assign a device number to the acquisition board before it can be used in  Acquitek Bench or other application software     Note  Additional configuration options can be accessed by right clicking on the  instrument     XH Series User Manual Page 46 Aar    Spectrum Analyz
52. out  Display version and copyright information for Acquitek Control Center    XH Series User Manual Page 29                   System Tree Pane    EE Hardware                                               BIS  cquitek        Board Demo  Er System  Ecl          u3232443BX ZX 440BX Zx CPU to     83 232443BX ZX 440BX ZX PCI to Al  83 32371EB MB PIIX4E M ISA Bride  8332371 B EB MB PIIX4 E  M EID  8332371 B EB MB PIIX4 E M USE   382371MB            Power Manager  ME Crystal   54281 SoundFusion PCI   SE Unknown  E3 3C905C TX Fast Etherlink for PC      ME Inspiron 2100 Laptop Integrated     MAR age P M Mobility AGP 2x  E3 Acquitek        Board Demo     Software  EEAcquitek   S Acquitek Enumerator  Acquitek Control Center     Acquitek Bench  ow System   S  windows NT  2000       TE Third party                   gt          gt                    41  gt      Ready       The System Tree Pane displays a graphical representation of the hardware and  software discovered during the last system scan  This information can be updated  by selecting View   Refresh from the main menu     There are separate branches on the tree representing Acquitek hardware devices   system and third party hardware devices  Acquitek software components  OS  software components  and third party software components  The leaves on the  branches can be selected to display additional information in the Configuration  Pane     XH Series User Manual Page 30 CQUITEK    Configuration Pane       The Configuration Pane displ
53. outputs  50 Ohms    2 analog inputs  2 analog outputs  75 Ohms  2 analog inputs  0 analog outputs  75 Ohms  0 analog inputs  2 analog outputs  75 Ohms    XH Series High Speed Data Acquisition Boards with Digital I O Module    XH 3350  XH 3340  XH 3330    XH 3351    XH 3341  XH 3331    XH Series User Manual    2 analog inputs  2 analog outputs  50 Ohms  2 analog inputs  0 analog outputs  50 Ohms  0 analog inputs  2 analog outputs  50 Ohms    2 analog inputs  2 analog outputs  75 Ohms    2 analog inputs  0 analog outputs  75 Ohms  0 analog inputs  2 analog outputs  75 Ohms    Page 7    Installation    XH Series Installation    To install the XH Series hardware and software  complete the following steps     Install the Acquitek Data Acquisition Hardware    Turn off your computer and disconnect the power cord    Locate a free PXI expansion slot    Carefully remove the card from its packaging    Insert the card into the PXI expansion slot and activate the latch  Reconnect the power cord     Connect the Cables    Connect the IO cables to your external devices or breakout board     Install the Windows Device Drivers    Turn on the computer    When Microsoft Windows boots  it should discover the new device and launch the  New Hardware Wizard    Insert the Acquitek Data Acquisition Setup CD into your CD ROM drive    Direct the New Hardware Wizard to search the CD ROM drive for the device  drivers    Windows may warn that the drivers are not authenticated  Proceed with  installation   
54. pt to a minimum  In arbitrary waveform mode  it is recommended  that the user keep the sample clock close to the maximum rate of 20 MHz in order  to maximize the benefit of the onboard reconstruction filter  If a low frequency  waveform is desired  digital interpolation can be used prior to loading the  waveform     At the output of the reconstruction filter are two banks of switched attenuators   The first bank provides attenuation of 0 dB  6 dB  14 dB  and 20 dB  The second  bank provides attenuation of 0 dB or 20 dB  Following the attenuation is the output  high power amplifier  This amplifier is source terminated in 50 Ohms  75 Ohm  source termination for video applications is available  Please contact the factory  for this option  The high power amplifier is capable of driving 10 Vpp into a 50    XH Series User Manual Page 15                   Ohm load  or 20 Vpp into a high impedance load  NOTE  The XH output  amplifier depends upon the PC power supply for its  12V supply  While the PC   12V power is filtered before it is used to power the output amplifier  it is not  stepped up with a switching supply  If the PC power supply does not provide 12V   the XH output may be clipped slightly below the 10V maximum output  Pay  careful attention to the PC power supply if it is intended to operate the XH output  at its maximum level  as some supplies may only provide 11 5V or less  With this  maximum output drive capability and the analog attenuation ranges  the following  full 
55. r Mena get  WC tl C5428  Scuncfuzicn        MER Leon  PAOLA Fast Etesiek tec PC    B  N      2100 Lactap Integrated    SRIF 05        Habilty AGP 2   Analog Output           DAD Board Deno             Channel Polarity  Bioolor   DC Volts  Tp                               E eau Corn Carter  E scuto Banch  ER system  wrda NT 2000            Thid                 The Test Tab is only available when an Acquitek hardware device is selected in the  System Tree Pane  This page is used to test functionality of the selected device   Select a device channel for analog IO  or configure direction for digital IO  then  activate the panel by clicking its  On  button  Correct installation and operation can  be verified for all analog and digital channels     XH Series User Manual Page 34                   Acquitek Bench       Acquitek Bench  Be Edt  f  tnament Window Heb        About  amp cquitek Bench   Jr Ed    CQUITEK       Acquitok Bench  Yerin 1420                c  Evacq T echndoges  Inc  2003   2004        Acquitek Bench is a collection of tools that enables a PC equipped with an  Acquitek data acquisition device to function as a DC voltage source  a logic  analyzer  a digital multimeter  an oscilloscope  a spectrum analyzer  a strip chart  recorder  and an arbitrary wave form generator    XH Series User Manual Page 35 ACQUUEK    Menu and Toolbar    Acquitek Bench    File Edit Instrument Window Help       9    The menu and toolbar are used to open and close the various instruments win
56. ry  so it is not  possible to use both simultaneously     XH Series User Manual Page 17 Aar    Auxiliary Connections    Auxiliary BNC Connector   An auxiliary BNC connector is available for several functions  Only one of these  functions is operable at any time  Software can select one of these modes  external  analog trigger input  D A waveform sync output  external clock input for the analog  I O channels  or external clock output synchronous with the A D clock or D A  clock  The circuitry driving the auxiliary BNC connector is shown in figure 3 5     Output  Enable    D A Sync Pulse  Int Mx D A Clk  Int Nx A D Clk    A D Clk    D A Clk    Ext Trig       100k Ohms     4V    Figure 3 5     Aux BNC Architecture    In input modes  the input is a high impedance input  As can be seen from figure 3   5  the input signal first passes through a high speed comparator  When set for  external clock input  the comparator threshold is set for 1V  The input signal can  be a square wave or sine wave  bipolar or unipolar  It should be limited to the  range of  5V  When set for external trigger input  the comparator voltage is set to  the external trigger level  The external trigger level is limited to  4V     XH Series User Manual Page 18                   In output modes  the signal is terminated in 50 Ohms  and will drive a D A sync  pulse or square wave clock at approximately 0     2 V into a 50 Ohm load  or 0 4 V  into a high impedance load     The onboard circuitry for both analog inp
57. scale output ranges are possible  all assuming a 50 Ohm load   100 mVpp  200            500 mVpp  1 Vpp  2 Vpp  5 Vpp  10 Vpp  CAUTION  With an  unterminated load  the voltage delivered to the load will be twice that delivered to a  terminated load  i e  up to 20Vpp  or  10V   Be sure that this voltage will not  damage the load  The output amplifier has a very low noise voltage level of 1 7  nV sqrt Hz   It operates at a gain of 10  At low signal levels when the 2nd stage  20 dB attenuator is active  the XH analog output delivers only  140 dBm Hz into a  50 Ohm load  excluding D A quantization noise  At higher levels  when the 20 dB  attenuator is not active  the noise level increases to approximately  130 dBm Hz     In addition to the two analog outputs  on boards with the digital I O expansion  module  there are sixteen DIO   s which can be driven as outputs  The DIO   s must  be set as input or output  The DIO pins are divided into two 8 bit ports  All pins in  each port must be set for the same direction  Pins can be written in two ways  A  simple single write mode which is asynchronous to the D A clock is useful for  outputs which do not change quickly  A clocked mode in which the DIO   s are  driven synchronously with the D A clock is also available  In this mode  the DIO   s  share the output data with the Analog Output I channel D A converter  The DIO  output is driven through a 47 Ohm source termination resistor to improve signal  integrity of high speed switched sig
58. t analog waveforms including sine   square  triangle  DC  and arbitrary     Wave Type  Selects sine  square  triangle  DC  or arbitrary  File  waveform    Amplitude  Sets the amplitude of the generated waveform    Offset  Sets a DC offset for the generated waveform    XH Series User Manual Page 51 Aes    WF File   When File wavetype is chosen  selects the file containing waveform data  Each  line of the file should contain a time offset value followed by a tab  then the sample  value and a carriage return     Analog Out Channel  Zero based analog output channel number     Frequency  Output cycles per second  Waveform files are assumed to be 1024 points per cycle     Range  Waveform amplitude min and max values     Device Number   Data acquisition device number as configured in Acquitek Control Center  You  must assign a device number to the acquisition board before it can be used in  Acquitek Bench or other application software     XH Series User Manual Page 52 Aix    Third Party Drivers    LabVIEW                      The Acquitek Data Acquisition LabVIEW VIs provide a LabVIEW interface for all  calls available through the Acquitek Data Acquisition API  The names and  parameters are identical to those exported by XDADAQ DLL     XH Series User Manual Page 53                     Analog Input         inte  t4      t4 54    MB MB Read    Read  Check    Copy      Raw Volts  Set Set   x lex   d    5 Start   Stop            If the installation application was able to locate a LabVI
59. tangular    stair step     shape of the D A converter time domain output  The sinc response causes the output of a D A  converter to be attenuated by 3 9 dB at the Nyquist Frequency  Fs 2  Some reconstruction filters  will have sinc  or sin  x  x  compensation  In this case  the filter not only attenuates signals    outside the 0   Fs 2 frequency band  but also provides an inverse sinc amplitude response within  the 0   Fs 2 band     Referenced Source     A voltage source in which not only the difference in voltage between the  positive and negative terminal is defined  but also the difference between either terminal   s voltage  and a reference voltage such as ground     Settling Time     The time taken for a system to respond to a transient event  such as a voltage step  when switching from one input to the next in a multiplexed data acquisition system  Settling time  is typically measured in microseconds from the transient input event until the measurement output  is within some small tolerance of the final output  such as 0 1   0 01   or 1LSB     XH Series User Manual Page 80 CQUITEK    Single Ended Input     An input whose voltage is measured with respect to system ground     SNR   Signal to noise ratio  Typically expressed in dB  this is the ratio of the desired signal  power to the undesired noise power     SFDR   Spur free dynamic range  Typically expressed in dB  this is the ratio between the power  in an input signal and the largest spurious signal  either harmonica
60. teristic can be implemented in either the analog or digital domain     Butterworth filter     A type of filter which has a good compromise between frequency domain  cutoff properties and time domain distortion such as  ringing   This filter characteristic can be  implemented in either the analog or digital domain     Charge Injection     An undesirable property of a multiplexer in which a small amount of  electrical charge is injected into the selected multiplexer input when the multiplexer switches  A  voltage error is introduced which is equal to the injected charge divided by the input capacitance   The voltage error decays over time as a function of the source resistance  Lower source resistance  results in faster decay of the voltage error     CMRR   Common Mode Rejection Ratio  See common mode range     XH Series User Manual Page 77 CQUITEK    Common Mode Range     With a differential voltage  the relevant measurement is the difference  in voltage between the two signals in the pair  The absolute voltage between either signal and  ground should not affect the differential measurement  In practice  voltages between the  differential signals and ground can distort the differential measurement  Common mode rejection  ratio  CMRR  is a measure of how much the voltage between the differential pair and ground  distorts the differential measurement  The common mode range defines how large the voltage  between either signal and ground can be before the differential inputs nolon
61. the B 1250  Also due to the mechanical nature of the switching  the  switching time and switch lifetime specifications should be considered as a part of  the system integration of the B 1250     Configuration    Before using multiple B 1250s in a system  a configuration step must be  performed  All B 1250s are shipped with a factory default configuration ID of 0   Up to eight B 1250s can be controlled from a single Acquitek CH or XH board     XH Series User Manual Page 70                   Each of the B 1250s controlled by the same board must have    unique  configuration ID     The configuration step entails a one time operation of connecting a single B  1250  to a CH or XH board and running a simple program to store the configuration ID in  the B 1250 non volatile memory  This program is called B1250Cfg exe  and is  included in the root directory of the Acquitek Data Acquisition Setup installation    Acquitek Util directory      Procedure    NOTE  Only a single B 1250 can be connected to the CH or XH board during the  configuration step       Connect a SINGLE B 1250 to the CH or XH board as shown in figure 9 4  The  cable MUST be connected to the DB 9 connector on the B 1250 labeled     Control In          Start the B1250Cfg application  It should appear similar to the screen shot in  figure 9 5 below                               Exacq B 125x Configurator  Iof       B 125x ID Test  not stored   9 D Channel    MEE 15 I M         G   _                       Device Number    
62. the vertical axis display     Position  Channel   Specify the vertical offset of the entire channel in Percent of the Display     Coupling  Specify the signal coupling of this channel     Visible  Specify whether the channel trace line is visible     Digital In Lines  Digital inputs which will be sampled and displayed  Only the first 8 DIOs can    currently be used     Samples   Second  Input sampling rate     XH Series User Manual Page 40                  Device Number   Data acquisition device number as configured in Acquitek Control Center  You  must assign a device number to the acquisition board before it can be used in  Acquitek Bench or other application software     Note  Additional configuration options can be accessed by right clicking on the  instrument     XH Series User Manual Page 41 CQUITEK    Volt Meter    Volt Meter       AC    Hae Auto   0 00 to 10 00      Mode BEE     Analog In Channel         Device Number        2       The Volt Meter is used to measure voltages on analog input channels     AC  Enable RMS AC signal measurement    Range   Voltage range of signal under test  Selecting  Auto  will cause the volt meter to  automatically determine the smallest range which encompasses the measured  voltage  thereby yielding the highest precision     Mode    Analog input type     differential  2 wire   single ended  1 wire   or non referenced  single ended  1 wire     Coupling  Analog input coupling and impedance    XH Series User Manual Page 42                 
63. tion noise     Because of the limited number of bits available in a practical A D  the  digital output of the A D does not exactly represent the input analog voltage  In an ideal A D  the  quantization noise is  on average  equal to the voltage represented by      of the least significant  output bit  Quantization noise can usually be effectively modeled as flat frequency spectrum  between 0 and   the sampling frequency  i e  the Nyquist Frequency  Quantization noise  improves by 6 dB for every bit in an A D     Reconstruction filter     Also known as a smoothing filter  A D A converter typically operates by  generating a voltage proportional to a digital value  and holding that voltage constant for a time  period equal to the l sample rate  This operation  known as a    zero order hold   has  consequences in the frequency spectrum of the analog signal output from the D A converter    Specifically  the desired frequency spectrum of the D A output is replicated at every integer  multiple of the D A sampling frequency  Fs   A reconstruction filter    smoothes    the D A output  in the time domain  or attenuates the undesired replicas of the output signal at higher order  multiples of the D A sample rate     A second effect of the    zero order hold    architecture of the D A is that within the desired signal  range   i e  from 0 Hz up to Fs  there is an amplitude rolloff proportional to sin  T f Fs      T f Fs   This ratio is known as the sinc function  and results from the rec
64. trumentation amplifier  This stage  provides sufficient low noise gain to allow a full scale A D input from ananalog  input signal of 100 mVpp  and attenuation to allow full scale A D input from an  analog input signal of 10 Vpp     Following the variable gain stage is a buffer amplifier which drives the A D  Note  that there is no antraliasing filter preceding the A D  This gives the user maximum  flexibility with the signal input  There is a single pole noise limiting filter with a  cutoff frequency of approximately 70 MHz just preceding the A D  With that  exception  there is no restriction on exceeding the Nyquist bandwidth at the  selected sampling rate  The rest of the signal chain will operate up to 90 MHz   although harmonic distortion will be increased at higher input frequencies  The  A D converter is 12 bits  The A D data format is two   s complement  as the XH  family always operates in bipolar signal mode     In addition to the analog inputs  on boards with the digital I O expansion module   there are sixteen digital input output  DIO  pins which can be sampled  The DIO   s  must be set as input or output  The pins are divided into two 8 bit ports  All pins in  each port must be set for the same direction  If a port is set as an output  the output  state will be returned when the port is read  The DIO port can be sampled in two  ways  A simple single reading mode which is asynchronous with the A D clock is  useful for signals which are not expected to change quic
65. ut and analog output is clocked at an  integer multiple of the actual sample rate  The external clock port on the board   whether taking in or driving an external clock  operates at the multiplied clock rate   The actual integer multiple varies  When using the internal clock  the multiple is  completely handled by the Acquitek driver software transparently to the user  In  external mode  it can not be completely transparent  Typically  the analog output  clock runs at 4 times the sample rate in single channel mode or 2 times the sample  rate in dual channel mode  The analog input clock typically runs at a high  frequency  and the divide ratio is increased as the desired sample rate is decreased   In all cases  80 MHz is the maximum frequency of the external clock  Refer to the  Acquitek Data Acquisition SDK manual for details on setting the frequency when  using external clock modes     Note that the signals on the CH board auxiliary BNC are high speed  and should be  treated as such  Typically  50 Ohm coaxial cable should be used to connect the  output of the auxiliary BNC to its load  If it is being connected to another board or  boards    auxiliary BNC input  which is high impedance  BNC          connectors  should be used  and the cable should be terminated in 50 Ohms after connection to  the last auxiliary BNC in the chain     Counter Timers   The CH board has two hardware based counter timers  These counter timers are  based upon the 8254 functionality  and take in a cl
66. y a single CH or XH board  The low loss  and excellent gain flatness allow cascading of several B 1250s with no significant  signal degradation     Architecture    A block diagram of the B 1250 is shown in figure 9 1 below  Four bidirectional  mux terminals can be connected to a single common terminal  Mux terminals not  connected to the common terminal are resistively terminated  Nominal termination  resistance is 50 Ohms  Contact the factory for a 75 Ohm version     Switching elements are mechanical relays for low loss and excellent gain flatness   They are non latching relays  so while powered down  on power up  and prior to  the first software switch command  all mux terminals are terminated and the  common terminal is open     XH Series User Manual Page 67 CQUITEK       DB 9 Control  Interface        Figure 9 1   B 1250 Block Diagram    Connection    Up to eight B 1250 multiplexers can be controlled by one XH board  In the tree  configuration shown in figure 92  this allows up to 26 inputs to be muxed into the  XH board  Note also that the B 1250 is bidirectional  The same type of tree  configuration allows expansion for driving up to 26 outputs as shown in figure 9 3   The control signals for the B 1250 are located on the DIO module of the XH board   Therefore  the B 1250 can only be used with XH boards equipped with DIO  modules  This includes the XH 3350  XH 3340  and XH 3330  Figures 9 4  illustrates the cables and connections required to use the B 1250     XH Series
    
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