WPA S800 Spectrawave User Manual
Contents
1. Place the instrument on its back insert a small flat headed screwdriver into the potentiometer slot and turn it right or left until a suitable level of brightness is obtained Issue 02 03 2005 WPA S800 English 14 STUDENT EXPERIMENTS The simple experiments that follow are designed to illustrate some of the principles of UV Visible spectrophotometry and can be carried out using commonly available chemicals and this instrument although any instrument could be used Potassium Dichromate stock solution Potassium dichromate is used in the majority of the experiments Make a stock solution as follows 1 Weigh out approx 0 93g of potassium dichromate K Cr O and record the weight accurately 2 Put the weighed dichromate into a 1 litre volumetric flask and add 100 ml of 0 1 N sulphuric acid Make up to litre with distilled water shaking the flask all the time 3 Calculate the precise concentration by dividing the exact weight of dichromate used recorded in 1 above by 294 2 the relative molecular mass of potassium dichromate Use the precise weight recorded in this example assumed to be 0 93g 0 93 0 0031611 294 2 The concentration of the stock solution would in this case be 3 16 x 10 mol litre 4 Make a series of dilutions of the stock solution as follows 1 part of stock solution to 9 parts of distilled water 3 parts of stock solution to 7 parts of distilled water 5 parts of stock solution to 5 parts of di2. Practical Aspects ACCESSORIES ERROR MESSAGES MAINTENANCE After Sales Support Cleaning and general care of the instrument Changing cell holder or removal for cleaning Lamp Replacement Changing the brightness of the display STUDENT EXPERIMENTS Calculation of max extinction coefficient and measurement of natural bandwidth Construction of concentration plots Measurement of stray light SPECIFICATION AND WARRANTY NAGA K IN N SS WH N xo N gt 10 12 12 13 13 13 14 15 16 16 17 18 Unpacking Positioning and Installation e Inspect the instrument for any signs of damage caused in transit If any damage is discovered inform your supplier immediately Check the position of the metal lamp bracket inside the lamp access area e Ensure your proposed installation site conforms to the environmental conditions for safe operation Indoor use only Temperature 5 C to 35 C Note that if you use the instrument in a room subject to extremes of temperature change during the day it may be necessary to recalibrate by switching off and then on again once thermal equilibrium has been established 2 3 hours Maximum relative humidity of 80 up to 31 C decreasing linearly to 50 at 40 C e The instrument must be placed on a hard flat bench or table that can take its weight lt 2 kg such that air is allowed to circulate freely around the instrument e This equipment must be connected to the power supply
3. are made Repeat as necessary Note that there is no t 0 reading the first reading is that after 10 seconds You can also measure at two wavelengths simultaneously this is useful as you can for example follow the drop in reactant absorbance and the rise in product absorbance as the reaction proceeds the first wavelength only is used if a chart recorder is connected The procedure is as follows Action Press key Comment Set wavelength lt to get to nm a v to set Set first wavelength N to select Moves to Abs T Select Rate to get to Rate to get L2 to select Set second wavelength Set second to set Pressing V again reverts back to single wavelength N to select wavelength mode Insert reference R to set reference Used for subsequent samples until changed Insert standard T to measure sample Absorbance measured every 10 seconds Display alternates between the two absorbance and wavelength values Keeps measuring until the T key is pressed or until 1000 measurements are made Repeat as necessary Note that there is no t 0 reading the first readings are those after 10 seconds Issue 02 03 2005 WPA S800 English Factor This mode is for setting a factor to be used in concentration experiments once this has been done the instrument moves directly to concentration mode so that it can be used The procedure is as follows Action Press
4. into another application in data logging and scan modes this is text and graphic respectively Clears the data from the data set Selects data and header together Switches between scan and data logging modes Successive scans overwrite existing scans on the display and can be saved if the autosave function is on Shows the file details entered at the start or after File gt New and allows modification of these details if required Automatically sets the scale of the absorbance axis to optimise presentation 2 5 2 0 1 5 1 0 0 5 0 2 or 0 1A Sets the scale to user preference Full Auto Define Toggles on off the grid on the graph for presentation purposes View menu bar as icons View status bar at bottom of display View tutorial on UV Visible spectrophotometry View help topics View version number etc Issue 02 03 2005 WPA S800 English 10 Practical Aspects Data logging mode When exporting rate mode results you can add the time in 10 second intervals to the spreadsheet manually note that first data point is after 10 seconds not zero seconds and then graph the absorbance time data see scan mode export to excel for more details Scan mode Files can be saved as txt csv opens directly in Excel when double clicked or wmf picture formats Label a peak by dragging and releasing the icon at the left side of the graph The absorbance wavelength details are shown in the title bar Dragging it again
5. key Comment Set wavelength lt to get to nm w to set Ramps with increasing speed N to select Moves to Abs T Select Factor gt to get to Factor N to select Enter factor digit lt then v Enter if factor is positive POS or by digit negative nEG av then P Entry of first digit eg 1 234 O at any time N at any time 2 then gt a then gt lt v then P 1 gt V Escape during entry Enter number decimal points flash Entry of second digit eg 1 234 Entry of third digit eg 1 234 Entry of fourth digit eg 1 234 Position of decimal point eg 123 4 Moves to Concentration mode Insert reference R to set reference Used for subsequent samples until changed Insert sample T to measure sample Concentration calculated from factor and absorbance is displayed Repeat as necessary Issue 02 03 2005 WPA S800 English time and date The time is displayed 24 hour format To change this and the date so that they are correct the procedure is as follows Action Press key Comment Set date N to select Format shown on the display is mm yy dd dd flashes lt to set day then V mm flashes lt to set month then V yy flashes lt Y to set year then y Set time Format shown on the display is hh mm hh flashes lt to set hour then V mm flashes to set minute then V Time and date are set Time and date values are printed and exported to Grafico
6. moves the label moving it the left hand side takes the label away Multiple peaks can be added Use display grid off for clearer presentation Data can be output in absorbance only Scan mode export to Excel and graphing If saving as a txt file save the results to folder of choice o Use Excel to open this file with files of type set to all files o Note that saving as a csv file and double clicking on it will open Excel directly Highlight the wavelength and absorbance values and click the graph icon Select chart type X Y Scatter and the curved lines no data points option Label the axes etc as required Double click on the x axis select Scale and minimum to 330 and maximum to 800 Set colour scheme to suit your preferences Issue 02 03 2005 WPA S800 English 11 ACCESSORIES PC serial cable spare 80 3001 00 S1000P serial printer includes serial printer cable 80 3002 53 Seiko DPU 414 printer 80 2108 80 Serial cable for Seiko printer 80 2118 18 Chart recorder interface cable 80 3003 55 Test tube adapters 10 12 16mm 80 2117 47 ERROR MESSAGES After switch on the instrument undergoes self diagnostic tests for the tungsten lamp wavelength calibration and diode array as part of its calibration procedure In the unlikely event of an internal instrument error the word FAIL will appear on the display together with a symbol and a number if FAIL is flashing the instrument can still be used but if FAIL is
7. replacement lamp is available from your supplier using the following part numbers Tungsten Lamp S1000L 80 2115 33 use only this tungsten lamp as it is supplied with the connection wires others will not operate correctly in this spectrophotometer The design of the lamp area is such that users are able to change their own lamps No lamp alignment is necessary as the lamp is pre aligned The lamp becomes hot in use Ensure it is cool before changing it Do not touch the optical surfaces of the lamp with your fingers use tissue if touched the area should be cleaned with iso propanol Instructions for lamp change are provided with the lamp and overleaf To change the lamp proceed as follows 1 X ex n S Switch off the instrument remove the sample from the cell holder and disconnect the power supply cord Remove the protective layers at the lamp access and plug in points on the underneath of the instrument Remove the lamp wires from the groove by gently unclipping it Remove the lamp by twisting the lamp assembly anti clockwise Remove the lamp connection end by gently pulling with your fingers Replace with new lamp using the reverse of these actions Changing the brightness of the display To change display brightness proceed as follows 1 Ensure the instrument is on and that there is no sample in the cell holder Remove the protective layer at the lamp plug in point underneath and at the rear of instrument
8. with the power cord supplied It can be used on 90 240V supplies Switch on the instrument via the display after it has been plugged in The instrument performs a series of self diagnostic checks for lamp performance wavelength calibration and diode array pixels press F2 to proceed If the instrument has just been unpacked or has been stored in a cold environment it should be allowed to come to thermal equilibrium for 2 3 hours in the laboratory before switching on to prevent calibration failure as a result of internal condensation The cell holder supplied with the instrument accepts standard 10mm pathlength glass or plastic cells adapters are available to convert it to accept 10 12 and 16mm diameter test tubes It can be removed for cleaning if spillages occur by undoing the screws that hold it or it can be flushed through with water in situ If this equipment is used in a manner not specified or in environmental conditions not appropriate for safe operation the protection provided by the equipment may be impaired and instrument warranty withdrawn Essential Safety Notes There are a number of warning labels and symbols on your instrument These are there to inform you where potential danger exists or particular caution is required Before commencing installation please take time to familiarise yourself with these symbols and their meaning Caution refer to accompanying documents Background colour yellow symbo
9. 3 Place the cuvette containing the prepared dilution in the sample compartment Record the absorbance 4 Repeat steps 2 and 3 at wavelength increments of 10 nm up to 405 nm and record absorbance at each wavelength setting 5 Plot the results as absorbance against wavelength 6 To determine more precisely the wavelength of maximum absorbance A max repeat the measurements from 340 to 360 nm at increments of 5 nm 7 From the graph note the wavelength of maximum absorbance for this solution NOTE The PC utility could be used to export a complete wavelength scan if preferred so that steps 4 6 are not required 8 Calculate the molar absorptivity extinction coefficient of potassium dichromate at the wavelength of maximum absorption using the equation E A cb The result should be approximately 3150 1 mol cm at max 350 nm 9 Project the slopes of the peak at max to the base line to give a triangular figure Estimate the natural bandwidth of this peak by measuring the width of the triangle in nm from the wavelength axis at half its height Construction of concentration plots 1 Set the wavelength of the spectrophotometer to max as determined in Experiment 1 and record both absorption and transmission of all the dilutions of the stock solution of potassium dichromate prepared earlier 2 On the same graph paper prepare two plots one of absorbance at max against concentration and one of transmission against concentra
10. Dimensions 180 x 270 x 390 mm Weight 1 75 kg Power input 90 265 V 50 60 Hz 15 VA Safety standard EN61010 1 EMC emissions EN 61326 2 3 Generic emissions EMC immunity EN 61000 4 6 Generic immunity part 1 Mains harmonics EN 61000 3 2 Susceptibility standard TEC 801 Quality System Designed and manufactured in accordance with an ISO 9001 approved quality system Specifications are measured after the instrument has warmed up at a constant ambient temperature and are typical of a production unit As part of our policy of continuous development we reserve the right to alter specifications without notice Warranty Your supplier guarantees that the product supplied has been thoroughly tested to ensure that it meets its published specification The warranty included in the conditions of supply is valid for 12 months only if the product has been used according to the instructions supplied They can accept no liability for loss or damage however caused arising from the faulty or incorrect use of this product This product has been designed and manufactured by Biochrom Ltd 22 Cambridge Science Park Milton Road Cambridge CB4 OFJ UK Issue 02 03 2005 WPA S800 English 18
11. WPA S800 Spectrawave User Manual English Deutsch Fran ais Espa ol Italiano RUDE h Biochrom Ltd Certificate No 890333 Declaration of Conformity This is to certify that the WPA S800 Visible Spectrophotometer Part number 80 3003 50 Serial number 88000 onwards manufactured by Biochrom Ltd conform to the requirements of the following Directives 73 23 EEC amp 89 336 EEC Standards to which conformity is declared EN 61 010 1 2001 Safety requirements for electrical equipment for measurement control and laboratory use EN 61326 1998 Electrical equipment for measurement control and laboratory use EMC requirements Signed Dated 26 Oct 2004 Daus David Parr Managing Director Biochrom Ltd Postal address Telephone Telefax Biochrom Ltd 44 1223 423723 44 1223 420164 22 Cambridge Science Park Milton Road e mail enquiries biochrom co uk website http www biochrom co uk Cambridge CB4 0FJ England Registered in England No 3526954 Registered Office 22 Cambridge Science Park Milton Road Cambridge CB4 0FJ England CONTENTS Unpacking Positioning and Installation Essential Safety Notes OPERATION Introduction Sample handling tips Using the Instrument Absorbance and Transmission Concentration Rate Factor time and date Use with serial printer Use with chart recorder USE WITH PC AND THE GRAFICO PC UTILITY SOFTWARE Installation Introduction Menu Descriptions
12. as a time date stamp Note that the date format cannot be set to other than dd mm yy these characters are shown on all instrument output to avoid confusion in countries where other date formats are the norm Use with serial printer Note that all results can be output to PC using the serial lead and Grafico software supplied on the user manuals CD Seiko DPU 414 settings Dip SW 1 Serial Auto line feed off Dip SW 2 40 column width International character set USA Dip SW 3 Baud rate 9600 bps Note that the 80 2108 18 lead that is required will need two small nuts removing before connection Use with chart recorder Kinetics results can be output to a chart recorder using the appropriate cable 80 3003 55 Voltage setting is 1V per 1 Absorbance unit 10 with an offset of 1V 0 000 Abs on the chart recorder corresponding T values are 1V per 100 T 10 with OV 0 T To make the chart cable yourself you require a female 9 way D type at one end with two 1 red 1 black 4mm banana plugs at the other depending on the chart recorder and 2 metres of coaxial cable or screened twin core with the shield connecting the black plug and pin 5 and the core connecting the red plug and pin 1 Issue 02 03 2005 WPA S800 English 8 USE WITH PC AND THE GRAFICO PC UTILITY SOFTWARE Your instrument is supplied with a serial lead and Grafico software on the user manuals CD that enables it to be connected to a PC so that results can b
13. concentration of a sample using a pre stored factor note that if you have a standard of known concentration the instrument will calculate the factor for you To measure sample using a stored factor the procedure is as follows Action Press key Comment Set wavelength lt to get to nm Y to set Ramps with increasing speed N to select Moves to Abs T Select Conc gt to get to Conc Each wavelength can have its own factor applied to it Insert reference R to set reference Used for subsequent samples until changed Entered standard value flashes Insert standard T to measure standard Measures absorbance of standard 0 000 is displayed Insert sample T to measure sample Concentration relative to standard is displayed Repeat as necessary To set a factor manually for use in concentration measurements go to Factor mode see later in manual Issue 02 03 2005 WPA S800 English To measure the concentration of a sample relative to that of a known standard solution a one point calibration the procedure is as follows Action Press key Comment Set wavelength lt to get tonm to set Ramps with increasing speed NV to select Moves to Abs T Select Conc gt to get to Conc N to select Enter concentration Y then P Entry of first digit eg 1 234 of known standard digit by digit at any time N at any time 2 v then P 2 then P 2 th
14. constant the instrument cannot be used The error messages that are displayed as follows Error code Symbol FAIL Comment and action 009 Flashing Lamp ageing too much UV noisy results change lamp when possible 003 Flashing Lamp ageing too little UV noisy results change lamp when possible 010 Flashing Lamp ageing too much IR noisy results change lamp when possible 004 Flashing Lamp ageing to little IR noisy results change lamp when possible N the nm Flashing Wavelength calibration error can compensate by number of nm addition or subtraction of the number displayed that it is out as appropriate to the wavelength that is required but contact your local distributor Press to proceed 011 Constant LED failure contact your local distributor 001 Constant Lamp failure change the lamp 005 Constant LED lamp failure contact your local distributor 006 Constant Pixel clock too high contact your local distributor 002 Constant Pixel clock too low contact your local distributor 007 Constant Pixel clock unstable contact your local distributor 008 Constant PDA failure contact your local distributor Issue 02 03 2005 WPA S800 English 12 MAINTENANCE After Sales Support Support agreements that help you to fulfil the demands of regulatory guidelines concerning GLP GMP are available Calibration certifica
15. e captured stored printed and transferred into other applications easily In particular a complete wavelength scan can be visualised on the PC and copied pasted into a word document or powerpoint presentation An informative tutorial on aspects of UV Visible Spectrophotometry is available as part of the software Installation The software takes up approximately 0 5Mb of hard disk space when installed Proceed as follows to install the software 1 Place CD into the CD drive of the PC 2 Use Windows explorer to locate the setup exe file Grafico folder within the appropriately named instrument folder on the user manuals CD 3 Double click on this so that the software installs filling out the information as requested 4 The software can be started directly by Start gt Programs gt Grafico Introduction e When Grafico is selected you are prompted to enter the file details note that the title entered here is used as the title of the wavelength scan graph After pressing OK the instrument it should be already switched on and connected to the PC with the serial lead is recognised by the software e There are two parts to the Grafico software data logging and scan e The default mode is data logging this receives instrument output from absorbance T concentration and rate measurements including time and date stamp o Results can be copied from Grafico and pasted directly into Excel for ease of data transfer Alternatively resu
16. ell chamber ensure the cell is inserted in the correct alignment e The optical height is 15mm and the minimum volume that can be used is approx 700ul in a semi micro cell e Align the indicator line on test tubes with the arrow on the cell compartment area to ensure reproducible positioning of the tube Note that test tubes do not last forever and that the surface gets scratches and blemishes through repetitive use if this is the case they should be replaced Issue 02 03 2005 WPA S800 English 2 Using the Instrument The liquid crystal display is very easy to navigate around using the function select and arrow keys on the hard wearing spill proof membrane keypad HEWPA spect r awa S1400 Diode Array Spectrophotometer piochrom qooo 40g m APF conc Rate Factor R To switch the instrument on press once To switch the instrument off hold the key down for 2 seconds To set up or confirm an entry To set reference to 0 000AU or 100 T on a reference solution at the selected wavelength To make a measurement or stop a rate experiment a gt To highlight the 6 measurement indicators in turn see below aw Depends on mode see below Display Highlight your selection using 4 then nm To enter wavelength to select press Y then y Abs T To measure Abs or T to select press Y Abs or T displayed at side Conc To measure concen
17. en P lt P then P Escape during entry Enter number decimal points flash Entry of second digit eg 1 234 Entry of third digit eg 1 234 Entry of fourth digit eg 1 234 Position of decimal point eg 123 4 Accept number entered standard value flashes Insert reference R to set reference Used for subsequent samples until changed Entered standard value flashes Insert standard T to measure standard Measures standard and entered concentration is displayed factor is calculated Wavelength appears when measurement finished Insert sample T to measure sample Concentration relative to standard is displayed Repeat as necessary Issue 02 03 2005 WPA S800 English Rate This mode is for following a change in absorbance with time at 10 second intervals If however the instrument is connected to a chart recorder the output is linearly fitted between data points as the software automatically interpolates these for the benefit of presentation The procedure is as follows Action Press key Comment Set wavelength lt to get to nm lt to set Ramps with increasing speed N to select Moves to Abs T Select Rate gt to get to Rate Insert reference R to set reference Used for subsequent samples until changed Insert sample T to measure sample Absorbance measured every 10 seconds Keeps measuring until the T key is pressed or until 1000 measurements
18. l and outline black Issue 02 03 2005 WPA S800 English 1 OPERATION Introduction Your spectrophotometer is a simple to use instrument that provides rapid measurement of light absorbance and light transmission in the visible region 330 800 nm Your spectrophotometer has facilities for measurement of absorbance and transmission concentration either absorbance multiplied by a factor or from a single point calibration using a known standard e rate absorbance against time at one or two wavelengths simultaneously e rate results at one wavelength can be output to chart recorder The instrument is supplied with Grafico PC utility on the accompanying CD and a serial lead These provide the user with the means to capture print and store data from the instrument to a PC Specifically it e produces a printable graphical plot of the scan in Abs e logs date time and serial number with any output from the instrument e produces a results log in order to store tabulate and subsequently print output from the instrument e enables export of the output from the instrument to Excel as a text file A tutorial on UV Visible spectrophotometry is included as part of the Grafico software Experiments are included in this manual for the user or for students to investigate some of the principles of UV Visible spectrophotometry Sample handling tips e Note that the light beam shines from front to back through the c
19. lts can be saved and opened up using Excel e If scan mode is selected View gt Scan mode the full 330 800nm wavelength scan output from the instrument is shown just press the run key as usual Multiple peaks can be identified using a trace routine and labelled if required by dragging the icon at the left side of the displayed graph and releasing at the appropriate point o Graphs can be copied and pasted into Word Excel or powerpoint o Graphs can be saved in a format that can be opened directly by Excel Issue 02 03 2005 WPA S800 English 9 Menu Descriptions File New Save Save As Setup Print Print Setup Exit Edit Copy Clear Select All View Scan mode File details Autoscale Set scale Display grid Toolbar Status bar Help Tutorial Help topics About Clears any existing data and starts a new report Prompts for file details user name organisation title descriptive text Saves the data file in the file format selected The file details are included with this data Displays a tabbed dialogue box so that automatic post process options for saving of graph printing of graph and the graph scaling parameters can be defined The default data directory can be defined and is used for all save operations Prints the entire file including a header if defined in File gt New Runs the Common Print Dialog function to set up the printer Closes the application Copies the data to clipboard for pasting
20. rence 100 T with nothing in the sample compartment or with a cuvette filled with distilled water 3 Put the cuvette containing the sodium nitrite solution in the sample compartment of the spectrophotometer Sodium nitrite acts as a blocking filter absorbing all incident radiation at the wavelength selected but transmitting virtually all of the radiation at longer wavelengths Therefore any transmission recorded at 340 nm will be a direct measurement of the stray light of the instrument The value should be in accordance with the manufacturer s specification Issue 02 03 2005 WPA S800 English 17 SPECIFICATION AND WARRANTY Wavelength range 330 800 nm Monochromator Flat grating Wavelength calibration Automatic upon switch on Spectral bandwidth 7 nm Wavelength accuracy 2nm Wavelength reproducibility Inm Light sources Pulsed Tungsten halogen Detector Diode array Photometric range 0 300 to 2 500A 0 to 200 T Photometric linearity 2 0 or 0 010A to 1 000A at 546nm whichever is the greater Photometric reproducibility lt 0 002 A at 0A and 500nm Stray Light lt 1 T 340nm according to ANSI ASTM E387 72 Stability 0 005A h at OA and 546nm after warm up Noise 0 002A near OA and 0 020A near 2A at 600nm Analogue output 1V per 1 Abs 10 1V 0A offset 1V per 100 T 410 OV 0 T offset Digital output 9 pin serial
21. stilled water 7 parts of stock solution to 3 parts of distilled water 9 parts of stock solution to 1 part of distilled water Calculate the concentrations of all dilutions and record them Apparatus required For weighing A balance accurate to at least 0 001 g spatulas weighing boats etc For measuring volumes B grade equipment is adequate 1 litre volumetric flask either a a range of volumetric flasks and pipettes or b two 25 ml burettes or 10 ml graduated pipettes together with glass sample containers preferably sealed Other equipment Beakers or conical flasks for distilled water wash bottle and supply of distilled water pipette filler bulb graph paper Chemicals required general purpose reagent grade Potassium dichromate K Cr 0 Issue 02 03 2005 WPA S800 English 15 Sodium nitrite NaNO Dilute sulphuric acid 0 1 N H SO As with all chemicals care must be taken when handling the above Any other chemicals that have a visible colour in aqueous solution e g copper sulphate cobalt chloride indicator dyes or food colourings Calculation of A max extinction coefficient and measurement of natural bandwidth 1 Put approximately 3 ml of the 1 9 dilution in a10 mm cuvette The concentration will be approximately 3 16 x 10 mol 2 Set the spectrophotometer wavelength to 330 nm and with nothing in the spectrophotometer light path or with a cuvette containing distilled water set reference
22. tion Note that the absorbance plot is linear to about 1 5A and that the transmission plot is exponential The flattening of the absorbance plot at higher values is Issue 02 03 2005 WPA S800 English 16 due to stray light It is good laboratory practise to measure between 0 1 and 1 0 Abs on any spectrophotometer Concentration plots similar to that just constructed are used to find the concentration of an unknown sample of the same solution it is customary to plot only the absorbance values against concentration not transmission the so called standard curve If the measured absorbance of the unknown lies outside the linear section of the plot the reading may be brought within the linear section either by using a cuvette of shorter pathlength or by diluting the sample by a known factor If a shorter pathlength is chosen the observed absorbance must be multiplied by a factor related to the ratio of the two pathlengths e g if the curve is based on 10 mm cells and a 5 mm cell is used multiply by 2 If the dilution method is selected calculate the concentration by multiplying the absorbance by the same factor as the dilution and then read the value from the plot prepared as described above Measurement of stray light 1 Make up a solution of sodium nitrite NaNO in distilled water at a concentration of 50 g 1 e g 5g in 100 ml and fill a 10 mm cuvette 2 Set the wavelength of the spectrophotometer to 340 nm and set the refe
23. tion using filters traceable to international standards Certificated engineers and calibrated test equipment Approved to ISO 9001 standard Choice of agreement apart from break down coverage can include Preventative maintenance Certification When using calibration standard filters insert such that the flat surface is facing away from the spring end of the cell holder Observe all necessary precautions if dealing with hazardous samples or solvents Cleaning and general care of the instrument External cleaning Switch off the instrument and disconnect the power cord Use a soft damp cloth Clean all external surfaces A mild liquid detergent may be used to remove stubborn marks Changing cell holder or removal for cleaning e Undo the screws that are visible on the top of the cell holder using a small flat headed screwdriver and lift the holder out by holding onto the projection this may require pushing to the right as you do so in order to prevent fouling against the left side of the instrument cover If necessary the cell holder can be helped out by pushing from the bottom of the instrument e Insert the test tube holder and secure in place using the same screws e Note that as well removal for cleaning spillages in the cell holder can be flushed through using water from a squeeze bottle in order to prevent crystallisation fermentation of residues Issue 02 03 2005 WPA S800 English 13 Lamp Replacement A
24. tration either using a factor or relative to a known standard to select press V Conc displayed at side Rate To measure absorbance as a function of time to select press y Factor To enter a factor for use in concentration to select press y To display time and change time date if required to select press V The following symbols appear and signify the following rrrr Setting reference measuring blank 0 123 flashing Displaying previously measured value when measuring sample Error Messages Error messages may appear on the display and mean the following FAIL flashing Can carry on using refer to error messages section FAIL constant Cannot use refer to error messages section and contact your supplier Issue 02 03 2005 WPA S800 English Absorbance and Transmission This mode is for simple absorbance measurements on samples measuring the amount of light that has passed through a sample relative to a blank this can be air The procedure is as follows Action Press key Comment Set wavelength lt to get to nm to set Ramps with increasing speed N to select Moves to Abs T Select Abs T to change between them Insert reference R to set reference Used for subsequent samples until changed Insert sample T to measure sample Value is displayed Repeat as necessary Concentration This mode is for measuring the
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