User Manual
Contents
1. THD threshold 0 20 3 00 20 300 OFF Switching Program Automatic Automatic Rotate Manual Four quadrant Rated step coefficient 0 1 2 3 4 6 8 12 16 9 5 Mechanical Mounting Panel mounting Dimension h Xw X d 144mm X 144mm X 91mm Approximate weight 1kg 10 Typical Application Diagram 10 1 Diagram 1 Without external discharge resistors for 380 415V model MAIN N L3 L2 L1 13 1 14 VOLTAGE n 5 ie 346 415Vmodel Q 18 28 3 VOLTAGE o 3 Q 200 240V model ce 18 i 5 O 7 60 U amp 1 78 8 amp 12 gt 88 9 83 Z 98 iy Su L ate 1 F or 200 240VAC model only k N LOAD 10 2 Diagram 2 With external discharge resistor MAIN N L3 L2 L1 VOLTAGE 346 415VAC CURRENT Power Factor Regulator External resistor 11 Case Dimensions a 144mm 136mm rT wy Front Panel Cutout S l Mikro reserves the right to make changes wiyhout further notice to any products herein to improve reliability function or design The figures shown are without obligation2. this power factor display function if no key is pressed for more than 3 minutes 3 2 Current This function display mode is indicated by the CURRENT light indicator The numeric display shows the true rms value of the secondary current measured by the 5A current transformer CT E xample If a 1000 5A CT is used and the display shows 2 50 the primary measured current is 500A 3 3 Current Total Harmonic Distortion THD This mode is indicated by a THD light indicator The numeric display shows the total harmonic distortion of the current as according to the formula below th i nN order harmonic current rms i Fundamental current rms This measurement is possible only if the total load is at least 10 of the rated load If the THD could not be displayed the 3 digit numeric display will show 4 Control Parameters 4 1 Target Power Factor SET Cos This set the targeted power factor required when the system is under automatic mode The power factor regulator will switch the Capacitors in or out in order to achieve this set value 4 2 C K This setting is used to set the switching hysteresis and it is calculated based on the smallest size capacitor used With automatic C K selection C K set to AtC the reactive power compensation is achieved without C K setting The PFR will measure and evaluate all steps available when necessary and C K value is then computed The C K value can also be obtained
3. value will result in a faster switching speed This sensitivity applies to both switching on and switching off of the capacitor d Four quadrant switching Fqr This switching program is similar to the automatic switching program Aut except that this switching program allows the power factor regulator to operate correctly under both import power and export power re generative conditions Under export power condition the active power is fed back to the supply mains by other energy sources such as solar power etc If this option is selected the installer must ensure that the CT polarity is correctly wired because the automatic CT polarity correction detection feature is disabled Example If smallest step Q 15 kvar Sensitivity 60 s step Scenario 1 Reactive power required to achieve set power factor Q 15 kvar Step required to achieve target power factor Q Ois 15kvar 15kvar 1 step The Manual light indicator on the power factor regulator lights up Reaction time 60 1 60 sec if the switching program is set to Manual switching n A For Rotational rot Automatic Aut and Four quadrant Fqr switching Scenario 2 l l programs the Auto light indicator on the regulator lights up Reactive power required to achieve set power factor Q 45 kva Under normal operating condition the step indicators indicate the Step required to achieve target power factor Q Qis ON OFF status of every step A st
4. 0 06 0 12 0 17 0 23 0 29 0 35 0 46 0 58 0 70 1 16 0 04 0 09 0 13 0 17 0 22 0 26 0 35 0 43 0 52 0 87 0 03 0 07 0 10 0 14 0 17 0 21 0 28 0 35 0 42 0 70 1 04 c Automatic switching Aut This automatic switching program uses intelligent switching sequence The step switching sequence is not fixed and the program automatically select the most appropriate steps to switch in or out in order to achieve shortest reaction time with minimum number of steps For equal ageing of the capacitor and contactors the program will select the least used step to be switched in if there are two equally rated steps Under this switching program the power factor regulator automatically detects the CT polarity during power up Once this polarity reference is fixed any subsequent re generative power condition detected will cause all the capacitor steps to be disconnected 0 05 0 07 0 09 0 12 0 14 0 19 0 23 0 28 0 46 0 70 0 03 0 05 0 07 0 09 0 10 0 14 0 17 0 21 0 35 0 52 2000 5 Table 1 C K Table for 415V Note i During automatic C k measurement C K set to AtC any step with C K value lower than 0 03 may not be detected and will be excluded from the controlling process ii The user may encounter non optimized regulating during the initial stage before the C K value is determined 4 3 Sensitivity This parameter set the speed of the switching A larger sensitivity value will result in slower switching speed and conversely a smaller sensitivity
5. Power Factor Regulator User s Guide A BRIEF OVERVIEW CURRENT O Tos C Q x O 9 10 11 d e C sensitivity RECONTIME yN gt e RATED STEPS MODE 2 Q switch proc lt 7 OC THDLIMIT f J ALARM POWER FACTOR REGULATOR a 3 digit numeric display b CAP and IND indicators CAP Capacitive IND Inductive c Step indicator d UP button e MODE SCROLL button f DOWN button g PROGRAM button h AUTO and MANUAL indicators i Mode indicator 1 General Description The power factor regulator combines comprehensive operation with user friendly control setting It uses numerical techniques in computing the phase difference between the fundamentals of current and voltage thus precise power factor measurement is achieved even in presence of harmonics The power factor regulator is designed to optimize the control of reactive power compensation Reactive power compensation is achieved by measuring continuously the reactive power of the system and then compensated by the switching of capacitor banks The sensitivity setting optimizes the switching speed With the built in intelligent automatic switching program the power factor regulator further improves the switching efficiency by reducing the number of switching operations required to achieve the desired power factor Usage of the capacitor bank is evenly distributed by the intelligent switching algorithm This ensures uniform ageing of the
6. capacitors and the contactors used The four quadrant operation feature allows the power factor regulator to operate correctly in the case of active power feed back to the mains where regenerative power sources are used Harmonic current in the system can be harmful to the capacitor bank This power factor regulator is capable of measuring the total harmonic distortion THD in the system and produce an alarm if the THD level is higher than the pre set value Other alarms include under over compensate alarm under over current alarm and under over voltage alarm Current transformer CT polarity is important in determining the correct phase angle different between the current and voltage hence the power factor This power factor regulator will automatically correct the CT polarity internally in the event that the polarity is reversed 2 Light indication The regulator has a 3 digit numeric display and several light indicators of which can be functionally divided into 3 categories i Metering functions power factor current amp THD for current ii Control parameters functions power factor C K sensitivity reconnection time rated step switching program amp THD Limit iii Alarm messages function To access the above functions press the MODE SCROLL key until the light indicator is indicating the desired function The 3 digit numeric display will show the value of the selected function If there are sub functions on the
7. eady ON light indicates the 45kvar 15kvar particular step is switched in A blinking light indicates that the 3 steps particular step is required to switch in but unable to do so Reaction time 60 3 20 sec temporary due to reconnection time lockout Please note that all the steps will be disconnected if the power factor regulator detects a re generative condition under Rotational rot or Automatic Aut switching program 4 7 THD Limit This parameter specifies the limit of total harmonic distortion level before an alarm is activated More information on section 6 This function can be disabled by setting the parameter to OFF 4 8 Procedure for Setting the Control Parameters Step 1 Select the required item by stepping through all the items using MODE SCOLL key The corresponding indicator of the selected item will be lit For Rated step setting the individual output can be selected via the UP or DOWN keys the step indicator corresponds to the step number Step 2 Press the PROGRAM key once the indicator of the selected item will blink to indicate that the system is now in programming mode Step 3 Use the UP or DOWN keys to select the desired value Step 4 To save the selected value press the PROGRAM key once the indicator stop blinking and the setting is saved To abort without saving the selected setting press the MODE SCROLL key Control Indication STEP Setting Default Paramenter LED LED Ra
8. itching program detects the CT polarity and correct it internally if the CT polarity is reversed If the power factor regulator is set for Four quadrant switching program this feature is disabled 8 Programming Lock The power factor regulator is equipped with a programming lock to prevent inadvertent changes to the control parameters If locked all the control parameters can only be viewed at and cannot be changed without unlocking it first To lock or unlock first ensure that the display is on the power factor display function mode then press PROGRAM key once followed by DOWN key immediately Hold the DOWN key until the numeric display flashes LOC or CLr LOC indicates the power factor regulator is locked and CLr indicates the regulator is unlocked 9 Technical Data 9 1 Auxiliary Supply Supply voltage 200 240 VAC 346 415 VAC Operating Limits 15 10 Consumption 10VA max Frequency 50Hz or 60Hz 9 2 Current Input Rated current ln 5A Operatings Limits 0 05A 6 5A Rated Frequency 50Hz or 60Hz 9 3 Relay Output Numbers of outputs 6 8 12 14 PFR60 PFR80 PFR120 PFR140 Contact arrangment NO contact type Rated capacity 5A 250VAC Cos 1 Max current forthe 12A continuous common terminals 9 4 Control Range Power factor setting 0 8 inductive 0 8 capacitive C K setting 0 03 1 20 Auto Switching sensitivity 5 600 s step Reconnection time 5 240s for same step
9. manually from table 1 or calculated with the following formula 5 C K Q5 _288xQ AE xV xI V xI where Q smallest capacitor step var V nominal primary system voltage V primary rating of the current transformer A Example If Q 15kvar V 415V E 800A 4 4 Reconnection Time This is the safety lockout time which is used to prohibit the reconnection of the same capacitor step before it is fully discharged This parameter is usually set larger than the discharge time of the largest capacitor size in used 4 5 Rated Step Every step in the power factor regulator is programmable except Step 1 Step 1 is fixed as 1 and it is the smallest capacitor step used All other steps were programmed as multiple of Step 1 Example If the configuration of capacitors used starting from Step 1 is 10kvar 10kvar 20kvar 20kvar 30kvar 30kvar 60kvar amp 60kvar then the rated steps are 1 1 2 2 3 3 6 6 Unless all steps are fully used the unused steps should be set as 000 The last step can be programmed as alarm fan output by setting the step to ALA FAn When the last output is programmed as alarm output second last output can be programmed as fan output During the programming of the Step the corresponding light indicator for that selected step will light up Example number 1 light indicator indicates rated step for contact output number 1 If the automatic C K mode is enabled the PFR will carry out the aut
10. nge Factory Setting Target power Factor SET Cos 0 80 Ind 0 80 Cap 0 98 Ind A 3 00 Au eo o oo o f ooa sensmivity 5 300s step 45 s step RECONTIME 5 240s 0s 1 t Rated Step Step 1 001 002 003 004 Step 2 005 006 008 012 016 A RATED STEPS 000 disable ALA alarm ouput FAn fan output Step 14 14 Switching Program SWITCH PROG n A rot Aut Fqr THD Limit THDLIMIT 0 20 3 00 oFF 1 Under normal operation except for rated step display the step indicator indicate step ON OFF status 2 Number of steps depend on model 3 Only last output can be configured as alarm output 4 Last output can be configured as fan output or second last output can be configured as fan output only when last output is configured as alarm output Table 2 Parameters setting 4 9 Reset To Factory Default Setting To reset all programmable parameters to factory default first power off the power factor regulator Press the UP amp DOWN keys simultaneously while turning on the power and holds it for more than 5 sec until the display flashes dEF for 3 sec Now the power factor regulator is restored to factory default setting 5 Fan Output When the fan output is selected the output will be energized with any capacitor bank switched ON 6 Alarm Alarm conditions detected by the power factor regulator are indicated by the flashing ALARM light indicator The last step of the reg
11. omatic rated step measurement Therefore all steps are not programmable except alarm fan output 4 6 Switching Program This setting allows the selection of one of the four available switching algorithms a Manual switching n A When this switching program is selected the capacitor steps are controlled manually by the UP or DOWN keys The UP key will connect the capacitor step and DOWN key will disconnect the Capacitor step Steps are switched in a rotational manner based on first in first out basis b Rotational switching rot This switching program is similar to the manual switching method and it is based on rotational first in first out sequence Unlike the manual switching program this option will automatically switch in gt C K 2 88 x15000 415 x 800 0 13 and out the capacitors according to the targeted power factor ace aout sensitivity setting and the reconnection time setting CT Smallest Capacitor in kvar Po Smallest Capacitorin kvar O O OS S O 15 20 25 30 40 5o 6o fioo 150 50 5 0 35 0 70 60 5 0 29 0 58 1 16 75 5 0 23 0 46 0 93 100 5 0 17 0 35 0 70 1 04 150 5 0 12 0 23 0 46 0 70 200 5 0 09 0 18 0 35 0 52 0 70 0 87 1 04 250 5 0 07 0 14 0 28 0 42 0 56 0 70 0 83 1 11 300 5 0 06 0 12 0 23 0 35 0 46 0 58 0 70 0 93 1 16 400 5 0 04 0 09 0 17 0 26 0 35 0 43 0 52 0 70 0 87 1 04 500 5 0 03 0 07 0 14 0 21 0 28 0 35 0 42 0 56 0 70 0 83 600 5
12. selected function such as the function for rated step amp alarm messages press the UP or DOWN arrow key to access these sub functions Press MODE SCROLL Press UP or DOWN Power Factor Step 1 Measurement Coefficient Current Step 2 Measurement Coefficient 7 THD Step 3 easuremen Coefficient Power Factor Setting step 4 Coefficient C K Setting Step 5 Coefficient Sensitivity Setting Step 6 Coefficient Reconnection Time Setting Step 7 Coefficient Rated Steps Stepping E Step 14 Switching Be Coefficient Pragram Setting THD Limit Setting Al M 1 a Alarm Message 2 Alarm Message 9 Figure 1 Display Structure 3 Metering function 3 1 Power factor Upon powered up the numeric display indicates the measured power factor of the system If the IND LED lights up it mean the system is having inductive power factor On the other hand if the CAP LED lights up it means the system is having capacitive power factor If the power factor regulator detects a re generative condition where the energy flow is reversed the power factor display will shown a minus sign in front of the power factor reading When the load current is below the operating range and the power factor cannot be measured accurately the numeric display will shows If the power factor regulator has been previously set to other display function it will automatically return to
13. ulator if required can also be selectively programmed as alarm contact in addition to the ALARM indicator This additional alarm contact is normally open and it closes when alarm is activated To view the alarm message press the MODE SCROLL key until the ALARM function is selected The numeric display will show the alarm message as according to Table 3 below If more than one alarm messages are recorded press the UP or DOWN keys to view the others The alarm indications are automatically reset to normal once the alarm conditions are restored Message Deactivate Current THD exceed set 2 5 min All steps Blinks THD Limit disconnected Current lower than 1 5s i rated value Current exceed 110 of 1 min rated value i 295VAC of rated value Hiu Voltage exceed 456VAC 7 5 min of rated value UCo All capacitors are 15 min 7 5 min connected and the power factor lower than set power factor OCo All capacitors are 15 min 7 5 min disconnected and the power factor higher than t factor ESt ECt set power Auto C K or rated step measurement error Manual setting required Automatic CT polarity detection error 5 Automatic switching of steps are prohibited when this alarm occurred 6 For 200 240V model LoU is 170V amp HiU is 264V Table 3 Alarm table 7 Automatic CT polarity detection During the power on start up process the power factor regulator if programmed under Rotational or Automatic sw
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