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TELEMAC MODELLING - Telemac

1. 93 1242 um 93 13 CONSTRUCTION WORKS MODELLING 95 13 1 WEIRS I leon ce rnit Ee m 95 13 2 CULVERILS ote Reid exon tad Madea 96 13 3 TUBES ae e c e ete ern b 97 13 4 ich eee better tte Re rte ene pte 98 Version 7 0 December 2014 TELEMAC modelling system TELEMACOADUserWign a LLL oo 14 OTHER CONFIGURATIOQNS 101 14 1 MODIFICATION OF BOTTOM TOPOGRAPHY 101 14 2 MODIFYING COORDINATES CORRXY a 101 14 3 SPHERICAL COORDINATES LATITU esses 101 14 4 ADDING NEW VARIABLES NOMVAR TELEMAC2D AND PRERES _ TELEMACO ek ed ht Mert RE 102 14 5 ARRAY MODIFICATION OR INITIALIZATION aaa 103 14 6 VALIDATING A COMPUTATION VALIDA sese 103 14 7 CHANGING THE TYPE OF A BOUNDARY CONDITION PROPIN TELEMAC2D S e ee ete e ee 104 14 8 COUPLING icine ie i sr tee ee tries 104 14 9 ASSIGNING A NAME TO A POINT 105 14 10 FOURIER ANALYSIS eee tete ete reiten erede 105 13 PARALLELISM i a a au 107 16 RECOMMENDATIONS 108 16 1 MESH UE EAR panita RUE D LEE TA 108 16 2 INITIAL CO
2. a space dependent physical parameter Another possibility is to fill the zone file see APPENDIX 5 The spatial distribution of some parameters may be specified interactively using FUDAA PREPRO friction coefficient and velocity diffusivity coefficient especially 6 1 FRICTION PARAMETER DEFINITION We describe hereafter the simplest case when the friction law is the same in all the computation domain when it 1s variable in space refer to Appendix 6 after reading this paragraph The friction law used to model friction on the bed is defined by the keyword LAW OF BOTTOM FRICTION This may have the following values e 0 No friction e 1 Haaland s law e 2 Ch zy s law e 3 Strickler s law e 4 Manning s law 5 Nikuradse law 6 Log law of the wall only for boundary conditions 7 Colebrooke White law Option 6 can be used only in the friction data file see Appendix 6 In the case of options 1 to 5 it is necessary to specify the value of the coefficient corresponding to the law chosen by means of the keyword FRICTION COEFFICIENT This is of course only valid if the friction is constant in time and space In the case of option 7 the key word MANNING DEFAULT VALUE FOR COLEBROOK WHITE LAW must be given Ifthe friction coefficient varies in time and possibly in space as well it is necessary to use the STRCHE and or CORSTR subroutines which supply the friction coefficient at each mesh point The following
3. for an internal point and gives the numbering of boundary points for the others 1 record containing table X real array of dimension NPOIN containing the abscissae of the points 1 record containing table Y real array of dimension NPOIN containing the ordinates of the points Next for each time step the following are found 1 record containing time T real NBV 1 NBV 2 records containing the results tables for each variable at time T Version 7 0 December 2014 TELEMAC 2D modelling system Appendix 4 Page 119 TELEMAC 2D User manual APPENDIX 4 GENERATING OUTPUT FILES Version 7 0 FOR DELWAQ The TELEMAC 2D software is able to generate the appropriate files necessary to run a DELWAQ simulation This generation is managed by the following keywords BOTTOM SURFACES DELWAQ FILE DELWAQ PRINTOUT PERIOD DELWAQ STEERING FILE DIFFUSIVITY DELWAQ FILE DIFFUSIVITY FOR DELWAQ EXCHANGE AREAS DELWAQ FILE EXCHANGE BETWEEN NODES DELWAQ FILE NODES DISTANCES DELWAQ FILE SALINITY DELWAQ FILE SALINITY FOR DELWAQ TEMPERATURE DELWAQ FILE TEMPERATURE FOR DELWAQ VELOCITY DELWAQ FILE VELOCITY FOR DELWAQ More information about these keywords can be found in the TELEMAC 2D reference manual For more information please refer to the DELW AQ user documentation December 2014 Appendix 5 TELEMAC modelling system TELEMAC 2D User manual APPENDIX 5 DEFINING FRICTION BY DOMAINS When a complex definition of the friction has
4. 1 7 1 1 PRESENTATION OF TELEMAC 2D SOFTWARE esee 7 422 PROGRAMMING BY THE USER Z qL aaa eene 8 2 THEORETICAL ASPECTS 10 3 INPUTS AND OUTPUTS 12 3 1 PRELIMINARY REMARKS anite esee aei 12 3 1 1 Binary file fJoFmdto ido oi b 14 2 2 THE T 14 3 2 1 Ih steeringdile nett ertet er tetuer 14 3 2 2 Thegeonietry files it ete u e ep be Rer Q rd dont 16 3 2 3 The boundary conditions eee 18 3 2 4 The FORTRAN user 18 3 2 5 The liquid boundaries 18 3 2 6 Thesourceifile ayak et te tede 19 32 7 Lhe friction data file sence o ceo ba etae Sah ce 19 3 2 8 The stage discharge or elevation discharge curves 19 3 2 9 The sections 19 3 2 10 Files dedicated to construction sse 20 32112 The reference file e a aayqa Rae 20 3 2 12 XThemesults file eet RC os enr 20 3232 The listing printout a usi dde ipu etes 21 3 2 14 The ncillary files 225 io tara iS i eit dien 22 3 2 15 The dictionary file ete eto ot tette tial 23 3 3 TOPOGRAPHICAL AND BATHYMETRIC DATA sess 23 3 3 1 th e edle a er eee ees 24 4 HYDRODYNAMIC SIMULATIQN 25 4 1 P
5. 11 3 3 THE THERMIC MODULE For a majority of water quality processes the interaction with atmosphere is a key parameter The neighboring conditions are taken into account through a meteorological file like the one described in section 11 3 1 It is important to underline that the data contained in this file can vary depending on the considered case The subroutine meteo can be edited by user to customize it to his specific model The evolution of temperature of water is tightly linked to heat fluxes through the free surface These fluxes in W m2 are of 5 natures e Sunray flux RS e Atmospheric radiation flux RA e Free surface radiation flux RE e Advection heat flux CV Heat flux due to evaporation CE The final balance of surface source terms is given by December 2014 Page 82 TELEMAC modelling system TELEMAC 2D User manual Ssurf RS RA RE CV CE We will give a brief description for each of these terms for more details see K El Kadi Abderrezzak 2012 This surface source term is treated explicitly in TELEMAC 2D the following Ssurf term 1s added in the explicit source term of advection diffusion equation of tracer T 2 11 3 3 1 SUN RAY FLUX RS Sun ray flux is simply provided in the meteo file In a majority of cases when no measurements are not available this flux is estimated using the method of Perrin amp Brichambaut K El Kadi Abderrezzak 2012 which uses the cloud cover of the s
6. GMRES Generalised Minimum RESidual method sce December 2014 Page 62 TELEMAC modelling system TELEMAC 2D User manual e 8 Direct solver YSMP solver of the Yale university doesn t work in parallel mode e 9 MUMPS solver it is a specific direct solver that may work in parallel but requires the installation of extra libraries If the GMRES method is used the dimension of the Krylov space must be specified with the appropriate keyword i e e SOLVER OPTION for hydrodynamic propagation e SOLVER OPTION FOR TRACERS DIFFUSION for tracer diffusion e SOLVER OPTION FOR K EPSILON MODEL for the turbulence model By default TELEMAC 2D uses the conjugate gradient on normal equation method option 3 for solving the propagation step and the conjugate gradient method option 1 for solving tracer diffusion and the turbulence model If the wave equation is used TREATMENT OF LINEAR SYSTEM 2 SOLVER 1 is recommended The GMRES method with a Krylov space dimension equal to 2 or 3 seems to fit most cases when solving primitive equations but the optimum value of this parameter generally increases with the mesh size The conjugate gradient is generally recommended for symmetric linear systems thus when solving the wave equation or the diffusion equations 7 3 3 ACCURACY When the linearized system is solved by an iterative method it is necessary to give the accuracy that is to be achieved during the solv
7. Sx and Sy m s2 are source terms representing the wind Coriolis force bottom friction a source or a sink of momentum within the domain The different terms of these equations are processed in one or more steps in the case of advection by the method of characteristics e advection ofh u v and T e propagation diffusion and source terms of the dynamic equations e diffusion and source terms of the tracer transport equation Any of these steps can be skipped and in this case different equations are solved In addition each of the variables h u v and T may be advected separately In this way it is possible for example to solve a tracer advection and diffusion equation using a fixed advecting velocity field Turbulent viscosity may be given by the user or determined by a model simulating the transport of turbulent quantities k turbulent kinetic energy and Epsilon turbulent dissipation for which the equations are the following CE vd E RH P e P ot h O E 1 V E u V e div h Ve c P c 8 P Ot h p E le 2e ev E The right hand side terms of these equations represent the production and destruction of turbulent quantities energy and dissipation When non hydrostatic effects are not negligeable Saint Venant equations can be improved by adding extra terms Several trials can be found in the literature Serre Boussinesq Korteweg and De Vries To use Boussinesq assumptions the f
8. When solving a system of equations by a conjugate gradient method convergence can often be hastened by means of preconditioning TELEMAC 2D offers several possibilities for preconditioning These are selected with the keywords PRECONDITIONING PRECONDITIONING FOR DIFFUSION OF TRACERS and PRECONDITIONING FOR K EPSILON MODEL The possibilities may be different depending on the keywords The keyword PRECONDITIONING concerns the propagation solution step and can have the following values e 0 No preconditioning December 2014 Page 64 TELEMAC modelling system TELEMAC 2D User manual Diagonal preconditioning default value Block diagonal preconditioning Diagonal preconditioning with absolute value Crout preconditioning per element 1 Gauss Seidel EBE preconditioning not convenient for parallelism The keyword PRECONDITIONING FOR DIFFUSION OF TRACERS concerns the tracer diffusion solution step and can have the following values No preconditioning Diagonal preconditioning default value Diagonal preconditioning with absolute value Crout preconditioning per element O 1 Gauss Seidel preconditioning The keyword PRECONDITIONING FOR K EPSILON MODEL concerns the turbulence model solution step and can have only the following values No preconditioning Diagonal preconditioning default value Block diagonal preconditioning Diagonal preconditioning with absolute value
9. 12 3 2 STEERING FILE The following essential information should be specified in the TELEMAC steering file to run an oil spill propagation model e The use of the oil spill model must be declared OIL SPILL MODEL YES default NO e The name of the oil spill steering file which contains the oil characteristics OILSPILL STEERING FILE e The number of oil particles to be released during the oil spill episode NUMBER OF DROGUES e frequency of the drogues printout period PRINTOUT PERIOD FOR DROGUES e name of the Tecplot file containing the oil displacement DROGUES FILE WARNING Even though some of the previous keywords make references to drogues they are also used for algae blooms and oil spills With the oil spill module it is possible to take into account the transport of soluble oil components in water whose presence has no effect on the hydrodynamics These may or may not be diffused within the flow but their characteristics have to be defined in the OILSPILL STEERING FILE If these components are allowed to diffuse in the flow they are then treated with the tracer transport computations of TELEMAC 2D This implies that the logical keyword TRACER is set to YES and the NUMBER OF TRACER must be set to the number of the oil soluble components In addition TRACER keywords enunciated in the section 9 can be specified IMPORTANT INFORMATION If the number of oil components dissolved in water is greater than 1
10. 40 In this example the variables DRIFT ALONG X and DRIFT ALONG Y of the results file will contain the following values e From time steps 1 to 39 0 values no finished drift computation e From time steps 40 to 49 results of the second drift computation e Time step 50 results of the first drift computation NOTE Lagrangian drifts are not yet implemented for parallelism Version 7 0 December 2014 TELEMAC modelling system Page 95 TELEMAC 2D User manual 13 CONSTRUCTION WORKS MODELLING 13 1 WEIRS Weirs are considered as linear singularities Their use is possible in parallel computing since release 6 2 The number of weirs is specified by the keyword NUMBER OF WEIRS default value 0 Information about weirs 1s given in the WEIRS DATA FILE A weir must be prepared in the mesh and consists of two boundary lines which are actually linked by the weir In principle these boundaries should be sufficiently far apart upstream and downstream of the weir The upstream and downstream boundary points should correspond 1 to 1 and the distance between two points should be the same on both sides The following file gives an example of two weirs the comments are part of the file Nb of culverts Option for tangential velocity m i dE a singularity 1 Nb of points for 1 side LT Points side 1 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 41 Points side 2 21 20 L T8 IT J6 15 14 T3 12 level of the dike 1 8 1 8 1 8 1 8 1 8
11. C Teau is given by the key word WATER TEMPERATURE default 7 C e 15 a calibration coefficient which depends on the nature of the site and obstacles around it This coefficient is given with COEFFICIENTS FOR CALIBRATING SURFACE WATER RADIATION default 0 97 For instance for a narrow river with lots of trees on its banks is around 0 97 for large rivers or lakes it is about 0 92 11 3 3 4 ADVECTION HEAT FLUX CV This flux is estimated empirically CV Pair CP ai a by XT T 100 Patm Tair 273 15 287 pressure introduced in the meteo file or using the key word VALUE OF ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE default 100 000 Pa this is a key word of TELEMAC 2D Cpiir is the air specific heat J kg C given by AIR SPECIFIC HEAT default 1002 V is the wind velocity m s and a b are empirical coefficients to be calibrated Theirs values are very close to 0 0025 but they can be changed using COEFFICIENTS OF AERATION FORMULA default 0 002 0 0012 where Pair is the air density obtained by pair where Patm is the atmospheric 11 3 3 5 EVAPORATION HEAT FLUX CE It is given by the following empirical formula CE Lp a bV H H 0 622P 54h 0 378 where L 2500900 2365T water is the vaporization latent heat J Kg HS is the air ae 0 622 es specific moisture humidity at saturation kg kg H is the specific humidity of 0378 air kg kg Pvap is
12. TR 2 1 TR 2 2 S m3 s C 26 m3 s ae AC 0 0 99 20 0 30 40 2 1 50 20 2 30 20 4 2 25 80 4 30 20 With TELEMAC 2D it is also possible to take into account a momentum flux from the sources By default the value used is that computed at the source point with no added momentum The user may prescribe a particular velocity If this is constant throughout the simulation the value may be given with the keywords VELOCITIES OF THE SOURCES ALONG X and VELOCITIES OF THE SOURCES ALONG Y If not the user must program the two functions VUSCE for the velocity along December 2014 TELEMAC TELEMAC Version 7 0 modelling system Page 69 2D User manual X and VVSCE for the velocity along Y In both functions the time source number and depth of water are available to the user If source terms are to be taken into account for the creation or decay of the tracer these must be introduced in the DI FSOU subroutine From a theoretical point of view complete mass conservation can only be ensured if the source is treated as a Dirac function and not as a linear function The type of treatment is indicated by the user with the keyword TYPE OF SOURCE which may have a value of 1 linear function default value or 2 Dirac function It should be noted that in the second case the solutions are of course less smoothed Itis possible to manage sources without simulating tracer transport December 2014 Page 70 Version
13. condition is variable in time and space Direct programming via the BORD subroutine is then necessary e boundary condition type is variable in time Direct programming in the PROPIN TELEMAC2D subroutine is then necessary see 14 7 The type of boundary condition if constant in time 1s read from the boundary conditions file In contrast the prescribed value if one exists may be given at four different levels namely in the order in which they are processed during the computation the boundary conditions file not frequently used the steering file the open boundaries file and the FORTRAN file programming of functions SL VIT TR or BORD Boundary types may be connected in any way along a contour However two liquid boundaries must be separated by at least a solid segment for example there cannot be an open boundary with a prescribed depth directly followed by an open boundary with a prescribed velocity Moreover another limitation is that a boundary must consist of at least two points a minimum of four points is strongly advised 4 2 2 DESCRIPTION OF VARIOUS TYPES OF BOUNDARY CONDITIONS The type of boundary condition at a given point is provided in the boundary conditions file in the form of four integers named LIHBOR LIUBOR LIVBOR and LITBOR which may have any value from 0 to 6 December 2014 TELEMAC modelling system Page 29 TELEMAC 2D User manual The possible choices are as follows
14. 300 0 option of lateral growth 1 bottom lowering 2 dike opening by widening 1 Final bottom altitude of the breach 545 Number global mesh of the point controlling the breaching 9406 Water level initiating the breaching process 6 0 Number of points of the polyline Description of the polyline 2450 0 37 5 2500 0 37 5 25200 375 2550 0 37 5 Downstream breach definition Width of Polygon defining the breach 10 0 Option for the breaching process 1 Start time of the breaching process 2000 0 Duration of the breaching process 0 0 instant opening 600 0 option of lateral growth 1 2 bottom lowering 2 opening by widening 1 Final bottom altitude of the breach 5 20 Number of points on the dike axis where the breach will appear Description of the polyline 29000 37 5 292020 372 5 2950 0 3725 3000 0 37 5 December 2014 TELEMAC modelling system Page 101 TELEMAC 2D User manual 14 OTHER CONFIGURATIONS 14 1 MODIFICATION OF BOTTOM TOPOGRAPHY CORFON Bottom topography may be introduced at various levels as was stated in section 3 3 TELEMAC 2D offers the possibility of modifying the bottom topography at the start of a computation using the CORFON subroutine This 1s called up once at the start of the computation and enables the value of variable ZF to be modified at each point of the mesh To do this a number of variables such as the point coordinates the element surface value conn
15. 7 3 SOLVING THE LINEAR 8 58 2 61 7 3 1 ere 61 7 3 2 Nr IH 61 7 3 3 A CCHEQCV anu a Qan OR 62 7 3 4 Continuity corrections teen oca eene poe RWS 63 7 3 5 Preconditioning ue ch ad e essi ehe DOT aa Qro rege 63 7 3 6 C U preconditioning u g wanna wa i 65 7 4 COURANT NUMBER MANAGEMENT eee 65 7 5 DIDAL ELATS iate OUO Ii 65 7 6 OTHER PARAMETERS 5 tee eere ete ads 66 7 6 1 Matrix SLOVO RE ter ia I eee eb eee ebria 66 7 6 2 Matrix VecioF product aed ee beer ed Ra 66 MANAGING WATER SOURCES 68 9 TRACER TRANSPORT A 70 9 1 AVAILABLE POSSIBILITIES esses eene 70 9 2 PRESCRIBING INITIAL 50 70 9 3 PRESCRIBING BOUNDARY 222 71 9 4 MANAGING TRACER SOURCES n u 72 9 5 NUMERICAL SPECIFICATIONS sess 72 9 6 LAW OF TRACERS 9 72 10 SECONDARY CURRENTS 74 Version 7 0 December 2014 Page4 TELEMAC modelling system TELEMAC 2D User manual 11 WATER QUALIT
16. 98 SISYPHE STEERING FILE 99 SL 22 26 Smagorinski 41 Smagorinski model 43 Solver 55 103 SOLVER 55 SOLVER ACCURACY 56 SOLVER FOR DIFFUSION OF TRACERS 55 SOLVER FOR K EPSILON MODEL 55 SOLVER OPTION 56 103 SOLVER OPTION FOR TRACERS DIFFUSION 56 source terms 5 sources file 6 SPACING OF ROUGHNESS ELEMENT 40 SPHERICAL COORDINATES 96 STAGE DISCHARGE CURVES 28 stage discharge curves file 6 December 2014 Appendix 5 STAGE DISCHARGE CURVES FILE 13 28 STBTEL 12 17 23 steering file 6 8 STOCHASTIC DIFFUSION MODEL 79 STOP CRITERIA 35 STOP IF A STEADY STATE IS REACHED 35 STRCHE 39 Submerged weir 90 SUPG 51 SUPG OPTION 54 SUPG scheme 53 table of connectivities 11 TBOR 24 65 THICKNESS OF ALGAE 82 THOMPSON 31 THRESHOLD DEPTH FOR WIND 44 THRESHOLD FOR NEGATIVE DEPTHS 60 105 TIDAL DATA BASE 32 Tidal flats 59 TIDAL FLATS 59 TIDAL MODEL FILE 33 TIDE GENERATING FORCE 45 tide generating forces 35 TIME RANGE FOR FOURIER ANALYSIS 100 TIME STEP 35 TITLE 35 TOLERANCES FOR IDENTIFICATION 48 TOMAWAC 45 98 TOMAWAC STEERING FILE 99 TOPOGRAPHICAL AND BATHYMETRIC DATA 17 TR 22 26 65 TREATMENT OF FLUXES AT THE BOUNDARIES 65 TREATMENT OF NEGATIVE DEPTHS 60 105 TREATMENT OF THE LINEAR SYSTEM 51 55 103 106 TREATMENT OF THE TIDAL FLATS 105 TRSCE 62 TT 47 TURBULENCE 40 TURBULENCE MODEL 41 42 Version 7 0 TELEMAC model
17. During a hydrodynamic simulation TELEMAC 2D offers the possibility of monitoring the tracks followed by certain particles drogues introduced into the fluid from outflow points The result 1s produced in the form of a Tecplot format file containing the various positions of the drogues in time see paragraph 12 1 4 for more details Note that using this function provides more accurate results than using the particle tracking features of the post processing tools Contrary to TELEMAC 2D for which monitoring floats is determined at each time step the post processing tools are based on the results file that is usually sampled much coarser Since release 7 0 the management of drogues is modified to be coherent with other particle transport features of TELEMAC 2D oil spill and algae Hereafter we give the implementation details 12 1 1 INPUT FILES In addition to the mandatory files for a classical TELEMAC 2D model steering geometry boundary conditions it is necessary to add a fortran file to run a particle transport case 12 1 2 STEERING FILE The steering file has to include the following key words to account for drogue transport for oil spill and algae as well e The number of particles released NUMBER OF DROGUES this is the maximum number used to dimension various arrays e frequency of the drogues printout period PRINTOUT PERIOD FOR DROGUES e The name of the output file tecplot file containing the drogue displaceme
18. When writing logical values the following are acceptable 1 OUI YES TRUE TRUE VRAI and 0 NON NO FALSE FALSE FAUX Character strings including spaces or reserved symbols amp must be placed between apostrophes The value of a character keyword can contain up to 144 characters As in FORTRAN apostrophes in a string must be doubled A string cannot begin or end with a space For example TITLE CASE OF GROYNE In addition to keywords a number of instructions or meta commands interpreted during sequential reading of the steering file can also be used Command amp FIN indicates the end of the file even if the file is not finished This means that certain keywords can be deactivated simply by placing them behind this command in order to reactivate them easily later on However the computation continues Command amp ETA prints the list of keywords and the value that is assigned to them when DAMOCLES encounters the command This will be displayed at the beginning of the listing printout Command amp LIS prints the list of keywords This will be displayed at the beginning of the listing printout Command amp IND prints a detailed list of keywords This will be displayed at the beginning of the listing printout Command amp STO stops the program and the computation is interrupted 3 2 2 THE GEOMETRY FILE This is a binary file This file contains all the information concerning the mesh i e the num
19. be defined as prescribed elevation boundaries First it is necessary to define which boundary will use this type of condition using the keyword STAGE DISCHARGE CURVES which supply one integer per liquid boundary This integer can be e 0 no stage discharge curve default value e elevation as function of discharge e 2 discharge as function elevation The keyword STAGE DISCHARGE CURVES FILE supplies the name of the text file containing the curves One example is presented hereafter STAGE DISCHARGE CURVE BOUNDARY 1 Q 1 2 1 m3 s m 61 0 62 0 63 0 STAGE DISCHARGE 2 2 Q 2 m m3 s 1 0 T 20 2 30 34 4 5 sI 2 CURVE BOUNDARY 2 40 50 Order of curves is not important Order of columns may be swapped like in the example for boundary 2 Lines beginning with are comments Lines with units are mandatory but units are not checked so far The number of points given is free and is not necessarily the same for different curves N B at initial conditions the discharge at exits may be null The initial elevation must correspond to what is in the stage discharge curve otherwise a sudden variation will be imposed To avoid extreme situations the curve may be limited to a range of discharges In the example above for boundary 1 discharges below 61 m s will all give an elevation of 0 m discharges above 63 m s will give an elevation of 0 2 m December 2014
20. for O2 process by 5 for Biomass and Micropol processes or by 8 for Eutro process For the Thermic module the number of tracers is increased only if no temperature is present in the set of tracers already existing in the model Some general parameters can also be chosen for any water quality process For instance user can give a title for the study by using WAQ CASE TITLE He can introduce water density WATER DENSITY viscosity of water KINEMATIC WATER VISCOSITY Version 7 0 December 2014 TELEMAC modelling system Page 77 TELEMAC 2D User manual 11 3 1 THE METEO FILE Most ofthe water quality processes are tightly linked to meteorological data on the domain Besides the specific treatment for wind atmospheric pressure and rain described in section 6 3 water quality needs different meteorological data such as nebulosity air temperature evaporation pressure etc Hereafter we give an example of meteo file User can edit this file and add new parameters however in this case he must edit subroutine meteo f consequently hPa ms de W m mbar 0 1012 7 3600 1012 7 7200 1012 7 Table 1 example of meteo file 11 3 2 02 MODULE The O2 module is a simple model that describes the evolution of the oxygen density in the water It is activated by setting WATER QUALITY PROCESS 1 It offers the advantage of being simple and then easy to calibrate Indeed since some important parameters ar
21. 1 8 1 8 1 8 1 8 1 8 1 8 flowrate coefficients 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 a AID V I OUI singularity 2 Nb of points 11 Points side 1 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 81 Points side 2 61 60 59 58 57 56 55 54 53 52 51 Level of the dike 1 6 1 6 1 6 1 06 1 6 1 6 2226 2 26 2526526 1 6 flowrate coefficient 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 Version 7 0 December 2014 Page 96 TELEMAC modelling system TELEMAC 2D User manual Line 2 indicates the number of weirs and then an option for the treatment of tangential velocities on the weir with the following meaning e 0 the velocities are null recommended option e 1 the velocities will be calculated with the Ch zy formula as a function of the local free surface slope For each weir it is then necessary to indicate the number of points for the first side of the weir line 5 for the first weir and the list of their global numbers line 7 for the first weir Note that before and for release 6 1 the numbering to provide was not the global one but the local numbering of the boundary defined in the boundary conditions file However it is necessary to provide the weirs number in the order of the boundary points The numbers of their twin points on side 2 should be given on line 9 in the reverse order On line 11 the level of the weir is specified for each couple of points and at line 13 the discharge coefficient noted m All these data are repeated for all weirs The
22. 1 or 2 the default value being 1 The treatment of the negative depths can be specified using the keyword TREATMENT OF NEGATIVE DEPTHS Value 1 default value is the previously only option consisting in smoothing the negative depths in a conservative way The option 2 since release 6 0 is a flux limitation that ensures strictly positive depths This must be preferably coupled with the new advection schemes able to cope with tidal flats Value 0 means no treatment The keyword THRESHOLD FOR NEGATIVE DEPTHS default 0 is used only with the treatment number 1 of negative depths It specifies the limit of the unchanged value For example THRESHOLD FOR NEGATIVE DEPTHS 0 01 means that depths greater than 1 cm will be left unchanged In certain cases it may be advisable to limit the lower water depth value The most common case involves eliminating negative values of H To do this the user assigns the value YES to the keyword H CLIPPING default value NO The keyword MINIMUM VALUE OF DEPTH which has a default value of 0 is used to fix the threshold below which clipping is performed However it should be borne in mind that this latter option leads to an increase in the mass of water as it eliminates negative water depths NOTE finite volumes EQUATIONS ST VENANT FV does not require any specific treatment for tidal flat All the options cited previously in this section are useless 7 6 OTHER PARAMETERS 7 6 1 MATRIX STORAGE
23. 7 0 TELEMAC modelling system TELEMAC 2D User manual 9 TRACER TRANSPORT 9 AVAILABLE POSSIBILITIES With TELEMAC 2D it 1s possible to take into account the transport of a number of non buoyant tracers i e one whose presence has no effect on the hydrodynamics which may or may not be diffused The tracer transport computation is activated with the keyword NUMBER OF TRACERS default value 0 which gives the number of tracers taken into account during the simulation In addition it is possible to give the name and the unit of each tracer This information is given by the keyword NAMES OF THE TRACERS The names are given in 32 characters 16 for the name itself and 16 for the unit For example for 2 tracers the character means for a blank NAMES OF TRACERS SALINITY KG M3 NITRATE MG L The name of the tracers will appear in the result files Obviously it is necessary to add the appropriate specifications in the keyword VARIABLES FOR GRAPHIC PRINTOUTS The name of the variables is a letter T followed by the number of tracer For example T1 T3 stand for first and third tracer It is possible to use the character as wildcards replace any character T stand for T1 to T9 and T stand for T10 to T99 N B TELEMAC 2D offers the possibility of taking into account density effects when the tracer used is the salinity expressed in kg m3 In this case it is necessary to p
24. 7 0 TELEMAC modelling system TELEMAC 2D User manual e refine the mesh on dykes or other features that will be submerged and that have a critical effect on flooding Preferably use the wave equation Here are the main options chosen for a quasi steady flow Wesel Xanten case originally provided by BAW VELOCITY PROFILES 4 0 TURBULENCE MODEL 1 VELOCITY DIFFUSIVITY 2 TIDAL FLATS YES OPTION FOR THE TREATMENT OF TIDAL FLATS 1 TREATMENT OF NEGATIVE DEPTHS 2 FREE SURFACE GRADIENT COMPATIBILITY 0 9 H CLIPPING NO TYPE OF ADVECTION 1 5 SUPG OPTION 0 0 TREATMENT OF THE LINEAR SYSTEM 2 SOLVER 2 PRECONDITIONING 2 SOLVER ACCURACY 1 E 5 CONTINUITY CORRECTION YES The wave equation TREATMENT OF THE LINEAR SYSTEM 2 proved here to be more stable than primitive equations These options are also convenient for the Malpasset dam break computation and can thus be taken as a starting point for a new case The key word OPTION FOR THE DIFFUSION OF VELOCITIES should normally be set to 2 as it is the correct theoretical formula however the simplified form corresponding to option 1 is preferred because it avoids the problem of division by 0 on dry zones So far no clear test case proved the superiority of option 2 December 2014 TELEMAC modelling system Page 113 TELEMAC 2D User manual BIBLIOGRAPHY Ata R P S 2013 A Weighted Average Flux WAF scheme applied to shallow water equations for real life
25. Crout preconditioning per element e ciu ce pU em 1 Gauss Seidel EBE preconditioning Certain options of preconditioning can be cumulated namely the diagonal ones with the others As the base values are prime numbers two options are cumulated by assigning the keyword the value of the product of the two options to be cumulated The block diagonal preconditioning can be used only when solving the primitive equations it Is not valid with the wave equation In addition when the propagation step is being solved convergence may possibly be improved by modifying the initial value taken for H at the start of the solving process The user may then assign the keyword INITIAL GUESS FOR H any of the following values e 0 Initial value of DH Hn 1 Hn null e Initial value of DH equal to the value of DH at the previous time step default value e 2 DH 2DHn DHn 1 in which DHn is the value of DH at the previous time step and DHn 1 the value of DH two time steps before This is in fact an extrapolation The same process may be used for the velocity by using the keyword INITIAL GUESS FOR U The possibilities are the same as before but apply to U or V and not to the increase of U or V Version 7 0 December 2014 TELEMAC modelling system Page 65 TELEMAC 2D User manual Version 7 0 7 3 6 C U PRECONDITIONING When solving the linear system C U preconditioning consists in replacing the unknown depth by the celerity This tec
26. Depth conditions Open boundary with prescribed depth LIHBOR 5 Open boundary with free depth LTHBOR 4 Closed boundary wall LIHBOR 2 e Flowrate or velocity condition Open boundary with prescribed flowrate LIUBOR LIVBOR 5 Open boundary with prescribed velocity LIUBOR LIVBOR 6 Open boundary with free velocity LIUBOR LIVBOR 4 Closed boundary with slip or friction LIUBOR LIVBOR 2 Closed boundary with one or two null velocity components LIUBOR and or LIVBOR 0 e Tracer conditions Open boundary with prescribed tracer LITBOR 5 Open boundary with free tracer LITBOR 4 Closed boundary wall LITBOR 2 Remarks e 15 possible to change the type of boundary condition within an open boundary In that case a new open boundary will be detected in the output control listing e type of boundary condition during the simulation may be modified with the PROPIN TELEMAC2D subroutine see 14 7 4 2 3 THE BOUNDARY CONDITIONS FILE The file is normally supplied by MATISSE FUDAA PREPRO BLUEKENUE or STBTEL but may be created and modified using a text editor Each line of this file is dedicated to one point of the mesh boundary The numbering of the boundary points is the same as that of the lines of the file It describes first of all the contour of the domain in a trigonometric direction and then the islands in the opposite direction This file specifies a numbering of the boundaries This n
27. In the case of a continued computation this state is provided by the last time step of the results file of the previous computation The tables of variables that are essential for continuing the computation must therefore be stored in a file used for this purpose This case 1s described in section 4 1 3 In other cases the initial state must be defined by the user In simple cases this can be done using keywords or by programming in more complex ones It is also possible to define the initial state using FUDAA PREPRO If the user wants to store the initial state in the results file the keyword OUTPUT OF INITIAL CONDITIONS must be activated default value 4 1 1 PRESCRIBING USING KEYWORDS In all cases the nature of the initial conditions is fixed with the keyword INITIAL CONDITIONS except if it has been defined using FUDAA PREPRO The keyword INITIAL CONDITIONS may have any of the following five values e ZERO ELEVATION This initializes the free surface elevation at 0 The initial depths of water are therefore calculated from the bottom elevation e CONSTANT ELEVATION This initializes the free surface elevation at the value supplied by the keyword INITIAL ELEVATION The initial depths of water are then calculated by subtracting the bottom elevation from the free surface elevation In areas where the bottom elevation is higher than the initial elevation the initial depth of water is nil ZERO DEPTH All water depths a
28. Page 49 TELEMAC 2D User manual Version 7 0 6 2 4 SMAGORINSKI MODEL The use of this model is activated by assigning a value of 4 to keyword TURBULENCE MODEL Same remark than the k epsilon model it does not take into account the dispersion terms see Smagorinsky 1963 for more details 6 3 PARAMETERIZATION OF METEOROLOGICAL PHENOMENA 6 3 1 WIND INFLUENCE TELEMAC 2D can be used to simulate flow under the influence of a wind blowing on the water surface The logical keyword WIND is used first of all for determining whether this influence is to be taken into account If so the coefficient is then provided with the keyword COEFFICIENT OF WIND INFLUENCE see below Since V7PO release wind effect is managed using a new keyword OPTION FOR WIND default 0 this keyword can have the following values e 0 this means no wind effect this is equivalent to put keyword WIND to false e 1 wind is constant in time and space wind speed in directions X and Y are supplied with the keywords WIND VELOCITY ALONG X and WIND VELOCITY ALONG Y or through keyword SPEED AND DIRECTION OF WIND default 0 0 which gives the speed in m s and the direction in degrees from 0 to 360 of wind e 2 wind variable in time constant is space it is given through the formatted file FORMATTED DATA FILE 1 e 3 is variable in time and space this option is not implemented while there are multiple choices of implementation in this case user
29. TELEMAC 2D User manual TELEMAC 2D has also been used for a number of special applications such as the bursting of industrial reservoirs avalanches falling into a reservoir etc TELEMAC 2D was developed initially by the National Hydraulics and Environment Laboratory Laboratoire National d Hydraulique et Environnement LNHE of the Research and Development Directorate of the French Electricity Board EDF R amp D and is now managed by a consortium of other consultants and research institutes more informations can be found in the website www opentelemac org Like previous versions of the program version 7 0 complies with EDF R amp D s Quality Assurance procedures for scientific and technical programs This sets out rules for developing and checking product quality at all stages In particular a program covered by Quality Assurance procedures is accompanied by a Validation Document that describes the field of use of the software and a set of test cases This document can be used to determine the performance and limitations of the software and define its field of application The test cases are also used for developing the software and are checked each time new versions are produced 1 2 PROGRAMMING BY THE USER Users may wish to program particular functions of a simulation module that are not provided for in the standard version of the TELEMAC system This can be done in particular by modifying specific subroutines called user subroutine
30. TELEMAC 2D includes 2 different methods of matrix storage an Element by Element EBE method and an edge based method The second is faster about 2096 in most cases The choice between the two storage methods can be made using the keyword MATRIX STORAGE with the following values e 1 Element by Element EBE method e 3 edge based storage method default and recommended value 7 6 2 MATRIX VECTOR PRODUCT Two matrix vector product methods are included in TELEMAC 2D a classical method for the multiplication of a vector by a non assembled matrix and a new method of frontal multiplication December 2014 TELEMAC modelling system Page 67 TELEMAC 2D User manual with an assembled matrix The keyword MATRIX VECTOR PRODUCT switches between the two methods e 1 multiplication of a vector by non assembled matrix default and recommended value e 2 frontal multiplication with an assembled matrix When using the frontal matrix vector product the number of neighbors of the points in the mesh is limited to 10 so far Version 7 0 December 2014 Page 68 Version 7 0 TELEMAC modelling system TELEMAC 2D User manual 8 MANAGING WATER SOURCES TELEMAC 2D offers the possibility of placing water sources with or without tracer discharge at any point of the domain The user places the various sources with the keywords ABSCISSAE OF SOURCES and ORDINATES OF SOURCES These are tables of real numbers giving the source coordinates in m
31. TELEMAC2D and the computation of the friction is done with the subroutine riction choice f is used in order to initialize the variables for the Version 7 0 December 2014 TELEMAC 2D modelling system Appendix 5 Page 125 TELEMAC 2D User manual Version 7 0 option FRICTION DATA at the beginning of the program and or in order to call the right friction subroutine for the computation at each iteration Initializing During the initialization the parameters of the friction domains are saved thanks to the subroutine friction read f and the code number of each nodes are saved thanks to friction user f in the array KFROPT 1 With the subroutine friction_init f the code numbers for all nodes are checked and the arrays CHESTR R and KFROT for each node are built KFROT 1s used in order to know if all friction parameters are null or not This information is used during the computation Computing For the optimization the computation of the friction coefficient is done in the subroutine riction calc f for each node thanks to the loop START N END When the option FRICTION DATA is not used N START and N END are initialized to 1 and NPOIN in the subroutine riction unif f Else they take the same value and the loop on the node is done in the subroutine friction zone f the parameters used for each node can be different With this choice the subroutine riction unif f is not optimized
32. The key words identifying these files are e WEIRS DATA FILE e TUBES DATA FILE e CULVERT DATA FILE e BREACHES DATA FILE 3 2 11 THE REFERENCE FILE When a calculation is being validated this file contains the reference result At the end of the calculation the result of the simulation 1s compared to the last time step stored in this file The result of the comparison is given in the control printout in the form of a maximum difference in depth the two velocity components and other variables such as k and tracers The name of this file is given with the keyword REFERENCE FILE and its format 1s specified by REFERENCE FILE FORMAT 3 2 12 THE RESULTS FILE This is the file in which TELEMAC 2D stores information during the computation It is normally in Serafin single precision format It contains first of all information on the mesh geometry then the names of the stored variables It then contains the time for each time step and the values of the different variables for all mesh points Its content depends on the value of the following keywords NUMBER OF FIRST TIME STEP FOR GRAPHIC PRINTOUTS this is used to determine at what time step information is first to be stored so as to avoid having excessively large files especially when a period of stabilization precedes a transient simulation GRAPHIC PRINTOUT PERIOD fixes the period for outputs so as to avoid having an excessively large file In addition whatever the output
33. User manual 16 5 TIDAL FLATS The following explanations concern the Finite Element option In finite volume options see key word EQUATIONS mass conservation is ensured on tidal flats and the depth remains positive However e g in the case of the Malpasset dam break test case these explicit techniques will be much more time consuming factor around 10 The treatment of tidal flats is a very strategic issue in flood and dam break flood wave computations Over the years a number of specific procedures have been developed in TELEMAC 2D to cope with this difficulty Historically the basic option TREATMENT OF THE TIDAL FLATS 2 consisted in removing from the computation the dry elements This option cannot be used in parallel computations With this option the key word MINIMUM VALUE OF DEPTH is used to decide whether an element is dry or not This option is not generally recommended but proved to be more stable with quasi steady flows in rivers The preferred option is obtained with TREATMENT OF THE TIDAL FLATS 1 In this case all the finite elements are kept in the computation which implies a specific treatment of dry points especially when divisions by the depth occur in the equations For example the friction terms as they appear in the non conservative momentum equations would be infinite on dry land and are limited in the computation Mass conservation is guaranteed with this option but it is never imposed that the depth shoul
34. a case it is essential to check the value of the keyword NUMBER OF PRIVATE ARRAYS This value fixes the Version 7 0 December 2014 TELEMAC modelling system Page 103 TELEMAC 2D User manual number of tables used 0 1 2 3 or more and then determines the amount of memory space required The user can also access the tables via the aliases PRIVE1 PRIVE2 PRIVE3 and PRIVE4 An example of programming using the second PRIVE table is given below It is being initialized with the value 10 DO I 1 NPOIN PRIVESADR 2 SPSR I 10 D0 ENDDO New variables are programmed in two stages e Firstly it is necessary to define the name of these new variables by filling in the NOMVAR TELEMAC2D subroutine This consists of two equivalent structures one for English and the other for French Each structure defines the name of the variables in the results file that is to be generated and then the name of the variables to be read from the previous computation if this is a continuation This subroutine may also be modified when for example a file generated with the English version of TELEMAC 2D is to be continued with the French version In this case the TEXTPR table of the French part of the subroutine must contain the English names of the variables e Secondly it is necessary to modify the 5 TELEMAC2D subroutine in order to introduce the computation of the new variable s
35. changed by user real numbers for managing up to MAXFRO boundaries of this type The values provided with this keyword cancel the depth values read from the boundary conditions file N B the value given here is the level of the free surface whereas the value given in the boundary conditions file is the water depth e PRESCRIBED FLOWRATES This is used to fix the flowrate value of an open boundary with prescribed flowrate It is a table that contains up to MAXFRO real numbers for managing up to MAXFRO boundaries of this type A positive value corresponds to an inflow into the domain whereas a negative value corresponds to an outflow The values provided with this keyword cancel the flowrate values read from the boundary conditions file In this case the technique used by TELEMAC 2D to compute the velocity profile is that described in section 4 2 8 e PRESCRIBED VELOCITIES This is used to fix the velocity value of an open boundary with prescribed velocity The scalar value provided is the intensity of the velocity perpendicular to the wall A positive value corresponds to an inflow into the domain It is a table that contains up to MAXFRO real numbers for managing up to MAXFRO boundaries of this type The values provided with this keyword cancel the values read from the boundary conditions file Some simple rules must also be complied with e There must of course be agreement between the type of boundary specified in the boundary conditions
36. example shows how STRCHE 18 programmed for a domain in which the friction coefficient is 50 for the left part X 10000 and 55 for the right part December 2014 Page 46 TELEMAC modelling system TELEMAC 2D User manual C LOOP ON ALL POINTS OF DOMAIN DO I 1 NPOIN IF X I LT 10000 D0 THEN CHESTRSR I 50 D0 ELSE CHESTRSR I 55 D0 ENDIF ENDDO When evaluating the friction term it is possible to specify which depth is used for this computation through the keyword DEPTH IN FRICTION TERMS The two possibilities are the classical nodal depth value 1 which is the default or a depth averaged on the test function area value 2 The second one is new in release 6 0 and seems to be slightly better on dam break studies 6 1 1 NON SUBMERGED VEGETATION The effect of non submerged vegetation can be added in the domain with the key word NON SUBMERGED VEGETATION FRICTION In this case 2 additional data must be given DIAMETER OF ROUGHNESS ELEMENT and SPACING OF ROUGHNESS ELEMENT They will be used in the Lindner law giving the drag coefficients of the vegetation This option will be preferably used with a definition of friction by domains see Appendix 6 6 1 2 SIDEWALL FRICTION By default TELEMAC 2D ignores friction phenomena on the solid boundaries of the model sidewall This consideration may still be enabled using the keyword LAW OF FRICTION ON LATERAL BOUNDARIES This keyword offers the same op
37. files 3 2 15 THE DICTIONARY FILE This file contains all information on the keywords name in French name in English default values type and documentation on keywords This file can be consulted by the user but must under no circumstances be modified 3 3 TOPOGRAPHICAL AND BATHYMETRIC DATA Topographical and bathymetric data may be supplied to TELEMAC 2D at three levels e Either directly in the geometry file by a topographical or bathymetric value associated with each mesh node In this case the data are processed while the mesh is being built using MATISSE or BLUEKENUE or when the STBTEL module is run before TELEMAC 2D is started STBTEL reads the information in one or more bottom topography files 5 at most and interpolates at each point in the domain e Orinthe form ofa cluster of points with elevations that have no relation with the mesh nodes during the TELEMAC 2D computation TELEMAC 2D then makes the interpolation directly with the same algorithm as STBTEL The file name is provided by the keyword BOTTOM TOPOGRAPHY FILE In contrast to STBTEL TELEMAC 2D only manages one bottom topography file This file consists of three columns X Y Z e Orusing the CORFON subroutine see section 14 1 This is usually used for schematic test cases In all cases TELEMAC 2D offers the possibility of smoothing the bottom topography in order to obtain a more regular geometry The smoothing algorithm can be iterated several tim
38. must program himself the subroutine METEO f An example of implementation is given in validation test case wind txy in folder examples telemac2d wind txy The coefficient of wind influence hides complex phenomena In fact the influence of the wind depends on the smoothness or lack of it of the free surface and the distance over which it acts called the fetch The coefficient value can be obtained from many different formulas This is the formula used by the Institute of Oceanographic Sciences United Kingdom if Urs 5 m s avent 0 565 102 if 5 lt Uven lt 1922 m s 7001250137 vent 103 if Uond gt 19 22 m s avent 72 513 103 The parameter COEFFICIENT OF WIND INFLUENCE asked for by TELEMAC 2D is Pair Pawind and not awind Pair is approximately 1 2 kg m and p is 1000 kg m3 Thus it is necessary to divide the value of awina by 1000 to obtain the value of the TELEMAC 2D keyword December 2014 Page 50 Version 7 0 TELEMAC modelling system TELEMAC 2D User manual Ifthere are tidal flats or dry zones in the domain the wind may trigger unphysical velocities as it becomes the only driving term in the equations To avoid this wind is cancelled below a threshold value of depth with the key word THRESHOLD DEPTH FOR WIND Atmospheric pressure is taken into account by setting the keyword AIR PRESSURE to YES the default value is NO Since release 7 the pressure value is indicated by the keywo
39. not be taken into account depending on the value of the keyword PROPAGATION default value YES As propagation and diffusion are processed in the same step deactivating propagation will automatically entail deactivating diffusion However if the propagation diffusion step is activated the user may still decide whether or not to take into account velocity diffusion by setting the logical keyword DIFFUSION OF VELOCITY default value YES The propagation step may be linearized by activating the keyword LINEARIZED PROPAGATION in particular when running a test case for which an analytical solution is available in the linearized case It is then necessary to determine the depth of water around which the linearization is to be performed by using the keyword MEAN DEPTH FOR LINEARIZATION default value 0 December 2014 TELEMAC modelling system Page 57 TELEMAC 2D User manual 7 22 NUMERICAL SCHEMES Finite elements resolution is based on the primitive equations It is possible to replace the original equations by a generalized wave equation obtained by eliminating the velocity from the continuity equation using a value obtained from the momentum equation This technique increases calculation speed but has the disadvantage of smoothing the results The choice between these two options is done using the keyword TREATMENT OF THE LINEAR SYSTEM default value 1 original equations 2 wave equation It is important to stress that choosing option 2 au
40. order This is obtained by setting the value of this keyword to 0 5 The stability of a PSI scheme option 5 and 6 is conditioned by a Courant number lower than 1 When using this scheme TELEMAC 2D verifies the Courant number for each point at each time step If the Courant number 1s greater than 1 the software will automatically execute intermediate time steps in order to satisfy the stability condition However if the number of sub iterations reaches 100 TELEMAC 2D will consider that solving the advection term is no longer possible and the computation is stopped with an appropriate error message printed in the output listing Advection of the k Epsilon model can be managed by the fourth value of the keyword TYPE OF ADVECTION This latter is kept only for compatibility with old versions of TELEMAC 2D For present release the new keyword SCHEME FOR ADVECTION OF K EPSILON has to be used The default value is 1 5 1 1 which corresponds to the use of the method of characteristics in all cases except for the depth for which the appropriate conservative scheme is selected by the code Note that the value 5 in second position does not mean Psi distributive scheme but is the value used by the previous version of TELEMAC 2D to select the conservative scheme for depth The default value is kept for compatibility of old studies but a recommended value is 1 5 4 or 4 5 4 when there are no dry zones and 1 5 14 or 14 5 14 when there are tidal fla
41. performing a series of calculations and comparing the results provided by TELEMAC 2D with the available measurements The parameter to be determined is then adjusted in order to obtain identical values The algorithm for estimating this parameter is activated with the keyword PARAMETER ESTIMATION which provides the name of the parameter to be determined The user can specify FRICTION or FRICTION STEADY In the second configuration only the last time step of the simulation is checked In the actual version of the software it is strongly recommended to work only in permanent mode Measurement data are supplied via the user subroutine MESURES which contains the arguments ITER iteration number and TT absolute time The latter argument is used in processing real measurements Each time the MESURES subroutine is called up it must supply the measured water depth HD the two velocity components UD and VD as well as the weightings ALPHA1 ALPHA2 and ALPHA3 connected respectively with HD UD VD The weighting is 1 ifa measurement is available and 0 if it is not For example an ALPHA value of 1 for a given point means that a depth measurement is available for that point Similarly ALPHA3 of 1 for a given point means that a velocity measurement V is available for that point When a measurement is available it may be advisable to replace the value 1 by a vector proportional to the local mesh size s
42. period indicated by the user the last time step is systematically saved VARIABLES FOR GRAPHIC PRINTOUTS this is used to specify the list of variables to be stored in the results file Each variable is identified by a symbol capital letter of the alphabet or mnemonic of no more than 8 characters these are listed in the description of this keyword in the Reference Manual December 2014 TELEMAC modelling system Page 21 TELEMAC 2D User manual Version 7 0 OUTPUT OF INITIAL CONDITIONS this 1s used to specify whether the initial conditions for the calculation time step 0 should be written in the results file The default value for this keyword is YES The name of this file is given with the keyword RESULTS FILE and its format is given with RESULTS FILE FORMAT 32 13 THE LISTING PRINTOUT This is a formatted file created by TELEMAC 2D during the computation It contains an account of the running of TELEMAC 2D Its contents vary in accordance with the values of the following keywords NUMBER OF FIRST TIME STEP FOR LISTING PRINTOUTS this is used to indicate at what time step to begin editing information so as to avoid having excessively large files in particular when a stabilisation period precedes a transient simulation LISTING PRINTOUT PERIOD this fixes the period between time step editions The value is given in numbers of time steps For example the following sequence TIME STEP 30 LISTING PRINTOUT PERIOD 2 w
43. steering file has to include the following key words to account for an algae bloom propagation model e The number of particle released NUMBER OF DROGUES frequency of the algae printout period PRINTOUT PERIOD FOR DROGUES e The name of the output file tecplot file containing the drogue displacement DROGUES FILE see section 12 1 4 e The option setting the particles as algae ALGAE TRANSPORT MODEL YES default NO e The type of algae particles considered ALGAE TYPE default 1 The different choices o 1 Sphere o 2 Iridaea Flaccida o 3 Pelvetiopsis Limitata o 4 Gigartina Leptorhynchos e The physical properties of the algae diameter density and thickness o DIAMETER OF ALGAE default 0 1 o DENSITY OF ALGAE default 1050 Version 7 0 December 2014 Page 88 TELEMAC modelling system TELEMAC 2D User manual o THICKNESS OF ALGAE default 0 01 WARNING e Even though some of the previous keywords make references to drogues they are also used for algae blooms e To use the algae particle transport module it is necessary to use the k s turbulence model i e the option TURBULENCE MODEL 3 needs to be set in the steering file 12 2 3 THE FORTRAN FILE Once algae transport has been defined in the steering file the subroutine FLOT is used to define the position and time of release This is done by defining the variable ALGAE START and using the variable LT to release particles In a
44. the different modules can be used and are compiled independently check that the Fortran files of SISYPHE and TOMAWAC do not contain a main program The keyword COUPLING WITH 18 also used if the computation has to generate the appropriate files necessary to make a water quality simulation with DELW AQ In that case it is necessary to specify COUPLING WITH DELWAQ Please refer to APPENDIX 4 for all information concerning the communication with DELW AQ In the case of coupling TELEMAC 2D and SISYPHE the bed roughness can be determined directly by SISYPHE if the keyword BED ROUGHNESS PREDICTION is enabled in the settings file sediment transport model If this option is used the friction law on the bottom used in the hydrodynamic calculation of TELEMAC 2D must necessarily be the law of Nikuradse option 5 keyword LAW OF BOTTOM FRICTION 14 9 ASSIGNING A NAME TO A POINT During certain types of processing for example a Fourier series analysis see 14 10 it may be useful to assign a name to a point This is easy to do by using the two keywords LIST OF POINTS and NAMES OF POINTS The former provides a list of node numbers 100 max in the general numbering system and the second provides the corresponding names string of 32 characters max For example in the case of a model of the Channel point 3489 corresponds to the port of Saint Malo and point 56229 to the port of Cherbourg In this case the names will be assigned as follows LIST
45. the result file can contain the sum of dissolved oil concentrations The user must only add the variable for graphic printout N e VARIABLES FOR GRAPHIC PRINTOUTS N WARNING Version 7 0 December 2014 Page 90 TELEMAC modelling system TELEMAC 2D User manual With the variable for graphic printout N be careful not to have private tables or change the table PRIVE1 in the subroutine PRERES TELEMAC2D f by the table PRIVEX where X is the number chosen by the user 12 3 3 OIL SPILL STEERING FILE As seen previously the OIL SPILL STEERING FILE name is given by the user in the TELEMAC steering file This file contains all information on oil calculation based on the composition considered by the user number of non soluble components in oil e The parameters of these components such as the mass fraction and boiling point of each component K e number of soluble components in oil e The parameters of these components such as the mass fraction boiling point of each component solubility K m and the mass transfer coefficient of the dissolution and volatilization phenomena m s The oil density e The oil viscosity 2 81 e The volume ofthe spilled oil m e The water surface temperature K e The spreading model chosen by the user 1 Fay s model 2 Migr Hycar model 3 Constant area model WARNING e The parameters of soluble or non soluble
46. the structure are TEST FRICTION D AJ H PSGNUM 1 TEST FRICTION D AJ H PSGNUM 2 TEST FRICTION D AJ H U RTYPE 1 TEST FRICTION D AJ H U RTYPE 2 TEST FRICTION D AJ H U RCOEF 1 TEST FRICTION D MJ ve H U RCOEF 2 TEST FRICTION D KE d H o TU O TEST FRICTION D s H o TU O N TEST FRICTION D uj H v U U TEST AJ H EST FRICTIONSA PSGNUM 1 and TEST FRICTIONSA defined AJ H un TEST FRICTIONSADR 1 SPSRTYPE 1 15 KFROT 1 code number of the friction domains Last code number of the friction domains Law used for the bottom Law used for the boundaries conditions Roughness parameters for the bottom Roughness parameters for the boundaries conditions Default Manning for the bottom Default Manning for the boundary conditions Diameter of the roughness element Spacing of the roughness element PSGNUM 2 have the same value if a single friction domain when there is only one domain TEST FRICTION ADR 1 SPSRCOEF 1 15 CHESTR when there is only one domain The link between
47. time must be performed The following example shows a wind programmed in space and in time For the left part of the domain lt 1000000 the wind in direction X is fixed at 10 m s for the first 3600 seconds and at 5 m s subsequently The X and Y wind components in the right part of the domain are nil C INITIALISATION WIND Y AND WIND X FOR LT 0 IF LT EQ 0 THEN CALL OV X C WINDX Y 2 0 D0 NPOIN CALL OV X C WINDY Y 2 0 D0 NPOIN ELSE C INITIALISATION WINDX LEFT PART FOR NON ZERO TIMES DO I 1 NPOIN IF X I LT 1000000 D0 THEN IF LT LT 3600 D0 THEN WINDX 1 10 D0 ELSE December 2014 TELEMAC modelling system Page 51 TELEMAC 2D User manual Version 7 0 WINDY 1 5 D0 ENDIF ENDDO ENDIF 6 3 3 RAIN AND EVAPORATION The modelling of the influence of precipitation or evaporation is activated with the logical keyword RAIN OR EVAPORATION The value of the contribution or the loss of water at the surface is specified using the keyword RAIN OH EVAPORATION IN MM PER DAY which default value is 0 a negative value reflects an evaporation Rain and evaporation can also vary in time and space They can be introduced through the meteo file See water quality wind and rain validation test cases in folder examples telemac2d In case of calculation with consideration of tracers it 1s possible to specify the contribution related to t
48. to be used for a computation the user can use this option which divides the domain in sub domains domains of friction where different parameters of friction can be defined and easily modified The procedure is triggered by the key word FRICTION DATAZYES and the data are contained in a file FRICTION DATA FILE The user has to e define the domains of friction in the mesh e define the parameters of friction for each domain of friction e add the corresponding keywords in the steering file of Telemac 2d in order to use this option I Friction domains In order to make a computation with variable coefficients of friction the user has to describe in the computational domain the zones where the friction parameters will be the same For that a code number which represents a friction domain has to be given to each node The nodes with the same code number will use the same friction parameters This allocation is done thanks to the user subroutine friction user f All nodes can be defined manually in this subroutine or this subroutine can be used in order to read a file where the link between nodes and code numbers is already generated for example with the software JANET from the SmileConsult This file is called ZONES FILE and will be partitioned in case of parallelism II Friction parameters The frictions parameters of each friction domain are defined in a special friction data file In this file we find for each code n
49. to give a number of values equal to the size of the array In this case DAMOCLES returns the number of read values For example TYPE OF ADVECTION 1 5 this keyword is declared as an array of 4 values e The signs or can be used indiscriminately as separator for the name of a keyword and its value They may be preceded or followed by any number of spaces The value itself may appear on the next line For example TIME STEP 10 TIME STEP 10 or again TIME STEP 10 e Characters between two on a line are considered as comments Similarly characters between a and the end of line are also considered as comments For example TURBULENCE MODEL 3 Model K Epsilon e Aline beginning with in the first column is considered to be all comment even if there is another in the line For example The geometry file is mesh geo e When writing integers do not exceed the maximum size permitted by the computer for a computer with 32 bit architecture the extreme values are 2 147 483 647 to 2 147 483 648 Do not leave any space between the sign optional for the and number A full stop is allowed at the end of a number e When writing real numbers the full stop and comma are accepted as decimal points as are E and D formats of FORTRAN 1 E 3 0 001 0 001 1 D 3 represent the same value Version 7 0 December 2014 Page 16 Version 7 0 TELEMAC modelling system TELEMAC 2D User manual
50. tracer LITBOR 5 the value of the tracer may be given in various ways e Ifthe value is constant along the boundary and in time it is provided in the steering file by the keyword PRESCRIBED TRACERS VALUES This is a table of real numbers for managing several boundaries and several tracers 100 at most this number can be changed by changing the variable MAXTRA The numbering principle is the same as that used for the hydrodynamic boundary conditions The values specified by the keyword cancel the values read from the boundary conditions file The order of this table is first tracer at the first open boundary second tracer at the first open boundary first tracer at the second open boundary second tracer at second open boundary etc e Ifthe value is constant in time but varies along the boundary it will be given directly by the variable TBOR from the boundary conditions file e Ifthe value is constant along the boundary but varies in time the user must specify this with the function TR or open boundaries file Programming is done in the same way as for the functions VIT Q and SL see 4 2 5 e Ifthe variable is time and space dependent the user must specify this directly in the BORD subroutine in the part concerning the tracer see 4 2 7 The keyword TREATMENT OF FLUXES AT THE BOUNDARIES enables during the convection step with the SUPG PSI and N schemes to set a priority among the tracer flux across the boundary and tracer v
51. used is specified using the keyword TIDAL DATA BASE which can take the values 61 JMJ e 2 TPXO e 3 Miscellaneous LEGOS NEA FES20XX PREVIMER December 2014 TELEMAC modelling system Page 39 TELEMAC 2D User manual Depending on the database used some keywords have to be specified e ifusing the JMJ database the name of the database typically jmj is given by the keyword ASCII DATABASE FOR TIDE et the corresponding mesh file is specified using the keyword TIDAL MODEL FILE e ifusing TPXO database the name of the water level database is given by the keyword BINARY DATABASE 1 FOR TIDE for example h tpxo7 2 and the name of the velocity database is given by the keyword BINARY DATABASE 2 FOR TIDE for example u tpxo7 2 Moreover it is possible to activate an interpolation algorithm of minor constituents from data read in the database using the logical keyword MINOR CONSTITUENTS INFERENCE activation not done by default The keyword OPTION FOR TIDAL BOUNDARY CONDITIONS allows specifying the type of tide to prescribe Default value 0 means no prescribed tide or that the tide is not treated by standard algorithms Value 1 corresponds to prescribing a real tide considering the time calibration given by the keywords ORIGINAL DATE OF TIME YYYY MM DD format and ORIGINAL HOUR OF TIME HH MM SS format Other options only available in case of using the JMJ database are the following exceptional spring tide Fre
52. value used for the velocity norm is provided by the keyword PRESCRIBED VELOCITIES or by the function VIT In any case the velocity profile is constant along the boundary It is the default configuration e 2 The values U and V are read from the boundary conditions file UBOR and VBOR values In the case of a prescribed flowrate these values are multiplied by a constant in order to reach the prescribed flowrate 3 The velocity vector is imposed normal to the boundary Its value is read from the boundary conditions file UBOR value In the case of a prescribed flowrate this value is then multiplied by a constant in order to obtain the appropriate flowrate e 4 The velocity vector is normal to the boundary and its norm is proportional to the square root of the water depth This option is valid only for prescribed flowrate e 5 The velocity vector is normal to the boundary and its norm is proportional to the square root of the virtual water depth computed from the lower point of the free surface at the boundary In the case of a flow normal to a closed boundary it is not recommended to have velocities perpendicular to the solid segments as shown in the figure hereafter Version 7 0 December 2014 Page 36 Version 7 0 TELEMAC modelling system TELEMAC 2D User manual Liquid segments Fig 1 Bad prescription of velocity profile because the finite element interpolation will generate a non zero flow though a solid segme
53. variable is in the form H R where the R indicates that a pointer of real type is being used If the pointer is of integer type the R is replaced by a 51 However to avoid having to handle too many R and I a number of aliases have been defined such as for example the variables NPOIN NELEM NELMAX and NPTFR December 2014 Page 10 2 TELEMAC modelling system TELEMAC 2D User manual THEORETICAL ASPECTS The TELEMAC 2D code solves the following four hydrodynamic equations simultaneously Oh ua uV h hdiv u S continuity et 22 J u V u S div hv vu momentum along x Bp MD a p N 8 OL 1 tuV v g S div hy Vv momentum along y Ot Oy h OT _ NES S div hv VT tracer conservation et h in which h m depth of water uv m s velocity components T g l or passive non buoyant tracer g m s2 gravity acceleration vt 112 5 momentum and tracer diffusion coefficients Z m free surface elevation t s time X y m horizontal space coordinates Sh m s source or sink of fluid S S m s source or sink terms in dynamic equations ST g l s source or sink of tracer h u v and T are the unknowns The equations are given here in Cartesian coordinates They can also be processed using spherical coordinates Version 7 0 December 2014 TELEMAC modelling system Page 11 TELEMAC 2D User manual
54. velocity and linear depth e 13511 quadratic velocity and linear depth The first one is the most efficient in terms of memory and CPU time and the third one is recommended for more accurate results but increases significantly the memory and CPU time The second one is recommended when observing free surface wiggles in particular in case of strong bathymetry gradient But in that situation the best configuration is to use the wave equation associated with the keyword FREE SURFACE GRADIENT COMPATIBILITY 0 9 During computation TELEMAC 2D solves different steps using if necessary the fractional step method the advection equations and propagation diffusion equations may be solved in two successive stages handled by different numerical schemes The user can activate or deactivate certain of these steps Whether or not the advection terms are taken into account is determined by the logical keyword ADVECTION default value YES However even if this keyword is positioned at YES it is possible to deactivate certain advection terms using the following logical keywords ADVECTION OF H to take into account the advection of depth e ADVECTION OF U AND V for the advection of velocity components e ADVECTION OF AND EPSILON for the advection of turbulent energy and turbulent dissipation e ADVECTION OF TRACERS for the advection of a tracer The default value of these three keywords is YES The phenomena of propagation will or will
55. when the option NON SUBMERGED VEGETATION is called friction lindner f This option aims to correct the value of the bottom friction coefficient when there is partial submerged vegetation VI Accuracy When the option FRICTION DATA is not used CHESTR can be read in the geometry file The values stored in this file are in simple precision However CHESTR is defined in double precision then the CHESTR value is not exactly the right value With the option FRICTION DATA CHESTR is set thanks to the friction data file where the value of each domains are stored in double precision Then when a comparison is done between both methods the difference may come from the difference between single and double precision December 2014 Appendix 5 TELEMAC modelling system TELEMAC 2D User manual APPENDIX 6 INDEX Note this index does not include the appendices amp ETA 10 amp FIN 10 10 amp LIS 10 amp STO 10 ABSCISSAE OF SOURCES 62 Accuracy 56 ACCURACY FOR DIFFUSION OF TRACERS 56 ACCURACY OF EPSILON 56 ACCURACY OF K 56 Adding new variables 96 advection 5 ADVECTION 50 ADVECTION OF H 50 ADVECTION OF K AND EPSILON 50 ADVECTION OF TRACERS 50 ADVECTION OF U AND V 50 AIR PRESSURE 44 AIR PRESSURE 44 ALGAE TRANSPORT MODEL 81 ALPHA1 47 ALPHA2 47 47 ancillary files 16 ARTEMIS 45 ASTRAL POTENTIAL 45 ATBOR 24 ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE 43 AUBOR 24 ba
56. written V L ATBOR T BTBOR The coefficients ATBOR and BTBOR apply to the segment between the boundary point considered and the next point in a trigonometric direction for the outer contour and in the opposite direction for the islands N represents the global number of boundary points K represents initially the point number in the boundary point numbering But this number can also represent a node colour modified manually by the user it can be any integer This number called BOUNDARY COLOUR can be used in parallelism to simplify implementation of specific cases Without any manual modification this variable represents the global boundary node number For example a test like IF I EQ 144 THEN be replaced by IF BOUNDARY COLOURSI I EQ 144 THEN which is compatible with parallel mode December 2014 TELEMAC modelling system Page 31 TELEMAC 2D User manual Version 7 0 4 2 4 PRESCRIBING VALUES USING KEYWORDS In most simple cases boundary conditions are prescribed using keywords However if the values to be prescribed vary in time it is necessary to program the appropriate functions or use the open boundaries file see 4 2 5 The keywords used for prescribing boundary conditions are the following e PRESCRIBED ELEVATIONS This is used to define the elevation of an open boundary with prescribed elevation free surface It is a table that contains up to MAXFRO set to 300 and can be
57. 1 Only flow from point 1 to point 2 is allowed e 2 Only flow from point 2 to point 1 is allowed e 3 No flow allowed this feature allows to disable the tube without having to suppress it L Li is the linear head loss coefficient generally equal to 4 D where L is the length of the pipe D its diameter and 1 the friction coefficient 71 and 72 are the levels of the tapers 13 4 DYKES BREACHES TELEMAC 2D allows simulating dikes breaching by suddenly or gradually lowering the altitude of some points This feature is enabled using the logical keyword The description of the breaching process is provided in the file specified by the keyword BREACHES DATA FILE In the current release 3 types of breaching process are available e ata given time e when the water level above the dike reaches a given value e when the water level at a given point reaches a certain value The breaching zone is defined by a polyline of several points associated to a bandwidth The final situation is characterized by a bottom altitude that will be reached by all the points located in the Version 7 0 December 2014 TELEMAC modelling system Page 99 TELEMAC 2D User manual breaching zone If after the dike breaching the bottom level is not constant it is thus necessary to divide the dike into several breaching polylines Since release 7 0 it is possible to take into account a lateral growth of the breach dike opening by widening Old bre
58. 11 IMPLICITATION COEFFICIENT OF TRACERS 53 66 IMPLICITATION FOR DEPTH 53 IMPLICITATION FOR DIFFUSION OF VELOCITY 53 IMPLICITATION FOR VELOCITY 53 INFORMATION ABOUT K EPSILON MODEL 15 42 57 INFORMATION ABOUT SOLVER 15 57 INITIAL Conditions 102 INITIAL CONDITIONS 19 December 2014 Appendix 5 TELEMAC modelling system TELEMAC 2D User manual MAXIMIM NUMBER OF FRICTION DOMAINS 13 INITIAL CONDITIONS 19 INITIAL DEPTH 19 INITIAL ELEVATION 19 INITIAL GUESS FOR H 58 INITIAL GUESS FOR U 58 INITIAL TIME SET TO ZERO 21 INITIAL VALUES OF TRACERS 21 64 ITER 47 J ORIG 95 K 24 Kinetic order 52 Krylov space 56 LAGRAN 87 LAGRANGIAN DRIFTS 87 LATITU 96 LATITUDE OF ORIGIN POINT 96 LAW OF BOTTOM FRICTION 39 42 47 LIHBOR 22 24 LIMIT VALUES 36 LINEARIZED PROPAGATION 50 LIQUID BOUNDARIES FILE 12 26 liquid boundary file 6 LIST OF POINTS 99 listing printout 15 LISTING PRINTOUT 15 LISTING PRINTOUT PERIOD 15 LITBOR 22 24 65 LIUBOR 22 24 LIVBOR 22 24 log file 7 OIDEN f 90 LOINOY f 90 LONGITUDE OF ORIGIN POINT 45 MANNING DEFAULT VALUE FOR COLEBROOK WHITE LAW 39 MASKEL 31 Masking 31 5 31 MASS BALANCE 15 MASS LUMPING ON H 53 MASS LUMPING ON VELOCITY 53 MATISSE 12 17 23 32 Matrix Storage 60 MATRIX STORAGE 60 MATRIX VECTOR PRODUCT 61 Version 7 0 MAXIMUM NUMBER OF ITERATIONS FOR DIFFUSION OF TRACER
59. 6 0 is based on an external configuration file and is compatible with the parallel mode It is strongly recommended to use the new procedure The old procedure will be probably removed in a future release 52 CONFIGURATION WITH KEYWORDS ONLY The section is defined using the keyword CONTROL SECTIONS which is an array of pairs of integers separated by semi colons containing the numbers of the beginning and the ending point of the section For example the values 611 54 651 5210 define 2 control sections The first one is defined between points 611 and 54 the second one between points 651 and 5210 December 2014 TELEMAC modelling system Page 43 TELEMAC 2D User manual The results concerning the flow rates are written by TELEMAC 2D on the output control listing This information is the value of the instantaneous flow rate and the cumulated positive and negative flow rates volume going through the section calculated from the beginning of the simulation The sign 1s determined with the following rule going from the beginning to the ending point of the section the flow is positive when going from right to left The user may also use the subroutine FLUXPR Bief library to exploit information connected with the control sections 5 2 2 CONFIGURATION WITH EXTERNAL FILE The user must supply the name of the sections configuration file using the keyword SECTIONS INPUT FILE In parallel mode this file will be modified by the mesh
60. AC 2D during the computation It stores drogue positions in TECPLOT format To visualize the drogue positions with Tecplot software the user must Usethe File gt Load Data File s command to load the 2D RESULT FILE e Usethe File gt Load Data File s command to load the Tecplot drogue file WARNING In order to add the Tecplot DROGUE FILE to Telemac result data that was already loaded select Add to current data set in the Load Data File Warning dialogue cf Figure 1 The Load Data File Warning dialogue will appear after you have selected the file and zones and or variables to load The active frame has a data set Replace data set 7 Add to current data set Cancel Help Figure 1 Load Data File Warning dialogue December 2014 TELEMAC modelling system Page 87 TELEMAC 2D User manual Change the drogue output format Itis possible to develop a new drogue output format This must be done in the subroutine DERIVE A Fortran file including the subroutine DERIVE with the new format definition for the DROGUE FILE needs to be added with the input files 12 2 ALGAE BLOOM MODELLING Since release 6 3 TELEMAC 2D offers the possibility to simulate algae bloom transport Theoretical aspects about algae physics and modelization can be found in Joly Joly 2011 12 2 1 INPUT FILES Input files for algae bloom modelling are the same than for drogues 12 2 2 STEERING FILE The
61. Configuration with keywords 42 3 2 2 Configuration with external 43 6 PHYSICAL PARAMETER DEFINITION 45 6 1 FRICTION PARAMETER DEFINITION sse ee 45 6 1 1 Non submerged vegetation eee 46 6 1 2 SIDEWALE FRICTION 5 nee Remi euet 46 6 2 MODELLING OF TURBULENCE sse 46 6 2 1 Constant VISCOSIL sect eter reote rte Eee tete p ep sasa m s ae 47 6 2 2 Elder model cb 48 6 2 3 K epsilon model u ul ansa a teh I e teh a 48 6 2 4 Smagorinski seen 49 6 3 PARAMETERIZATION OF METEOROLOGICAL PHENOMENA 49 6 3 1 Wind influence ioo tes 49 Version 7 0 December 2014 TELEMAC modelling system Page 3 TELEMAC 2D User manual 6 3 2 Atmospheric pressure 50 6 3 3 Rain and evaporation cata tete eie obe a etae 5l 6 4 ASTRAE POTENTIAL Ak aD ei b bastard eite 5l 6 5 WAVE INDUCED CURRENTS oeren 5l 6 6 VERTICAL STRUCITURES etit rne tte mte 32 6 7 OTHER PHYSICAL PARAMETERS sss 32 6 8 PARAMETER ESTIMATION entente enne 53 7 NUMERICAL PARAMETER DEFINITION 55 7 1 GENERAL PARAMETER 550 55 7 2 NUMERICAL SCHEMESS enne 57 7 2 1 Configuration of SUPG scheme 60
62. D PRERES TELEMAC2D A standard feature of TELEMAC 2D is the storage of certain computed variables In certain cases the user may wish to compute other variables and insert them in the results file the number of variables is currently limited to four TELEMAC 2D has a numbering system in which for example the array containing the Froude number has the number 7 The new variables created by the user may have the numbers 23 24 25 and 26 In the same way each variable is identified by a letter in the keyword VARIABLES FOR GRAPHIC PRINTOUTS The new variables are identified by the letters N O R and Z which correspond respectively to the numbers 23 24 25 and 26 At the end of NOMVAR TELEMAC2D it is possible to change the abbreviations mnemonics used for the keywords VARIABLES FOR GRAPHIC PRINTOUTS and VARIABLES FOR LISTING PRINTOUTS Sequences of 8 letters may be used Consequently the variables must be separated by spaces commas or semi colons in the keywords e g VARIABLES FOR GRAPHIC PRINTOUTS U V H B In the software data structure these four variables correspond to the tables PRIVESADR 1 SPSR X PRIVESADR 2 SPSR X PRIVESADR 3 SP R X and PRIVESADR 4 P R X in which X 15 the number of points in the mesh These may be used in several places in the programming like all TELEMAC variables For example they may be used in the subroutines CORRXY CORSTR BORD etc If a PRIVE table is used for programming
63. ILE offered by TELEMAC 2D When the CONDIN subroutine is being used it may be interesting to check that the variables are correctly initialised To do this it is simply a question of assigning the name of the variables to be checked to the keyword VARIABLES TO BE PRINTED and starting the computation with a zero number of time steps The user then obtains the value of the variables required at each point of the mesh in the listing printout 4 1 3 CONTINUING A COMPUTATION TELEMAC 2D enables the user to carry out a computation taking a time step of a previous computation on the same mesh as initial state It is thus possible to modify the computation data such as for example the time step certain boundary conditions or the turbulence model or to start the computation once a steady regime has been reached By default TELEMAC 2D reads the last time step of the previous computation result file Using the keyword RECORD NUMBER FOR RESTART allows specifying the number of the iteration to be read Note that FUDAA PREPRO is using this possibility when defining the initial conditions information are actually written in a pseudo continuation file In this case it is essential that the continuation file contains all the information required by TELEMAC 2D i e the velocities U and V the water depth and the bottom elevations However in certain cases the software is capable of recomputing certain variables from others provided for example th
64. K 5 33 U9975 7185 3 formula of Churchill et al K 0 746 1 2 695 3 085 0 823 where J is the head loss 4 formula of O Connor amp Dobbins K 3 995515 5 formula mixing the last 3 formulae K 5 33 U 9757185 if h 0 6 K 0 746 2 695 3 085 0 823 if h lt 12U 6 6 K 0 746 02 695 3 085 0 823 e where 15 chill amp al 0 6 Hauteur m Owens amp al 0 1 0 03 0 6 1 9 Vitesse m s Fig 3 choice of the K2 formula depending on hydrodynamics of the flow Since these formulae are valid for a temperature of 20 C the value of K2 is corrected like K K ec 1 024 79 The oxygen density at saturation Cs can be estimated using the temperature of water at 20 Cs 9 mg l Hence if the temperature in the model is varying with time for example when Thermic Module is activated Cs can be estimated with different ways using the key word FORMULA FOR COMPUTING CS default 0 which can have the following values e 0 constant value given by O2 SATURATION DENSITY OF WATER CS default 11 mg l e Formula of Elmore amp Hayes C 14 652 0 41022T 0 007997 7 7774 10 T e 2 Formula of Montgomery C 468 31 6 T e Reaeration at weirs for the O2 process a reaeration of the water due to the existence of weirs is implemented The water oxygen concentration is increased when crossing from one side of a weir to the other side The raise of the concentration is managed through t
65. LVER FOR K EPSILON MODEL 103 OPTION FOR THE TREATMENT OF TIDAL FLATS 60 OPTION FOR TIDAL BOUNDARY CONDITIONS 32 33 ORDINATES OF SOURCES 62 ORIGIN COORDINATES 95 ORIGINAL DATE OF TIME 33 35 45 ORIGINAL HOUR OF TIME 33 35 45 OUTPUT OF INITIAL CONDITIONS 15 19 parallel library 101 PARALLEL PROCESSORS 101 PHYSICAL PARAMETER DEFINITION 39 Preconditioning 57 PRECONDITIONING 57 PRECONDITIONING FOR DIFFUSION OF TRACERS 57 PRECONDITIONING FOR K EPSILON MODEL 57 58 PRERES TELEMACOD 97 PRESCRIBED ELEVATIONS 25 PRESCRIBED FLOWRATES 25 29 PRESCRIBED TRACERS VALUES 65 PRESCRIBED VELOCITIES 25 29 previous computation file 6 PREVIOUS COMPUTATION FILE 21 PREVIOUS COMPUTATION FILE FORMAT 21 PRINTING CUMULATED FLOWRATES 36 PRINTOUT PERIOD FOR DROGUES 79 83 Version 7 0 Appendix 5 Page 129 PRIVE 96 propagation 5 PROPAGATION 50 PROPIN TELEMAC2D 22 23 98 PSI distributive scheme 51 Q 22 26 29 RAIN OR EVAPORATION 45 RAIN OR EVAPORATION IN MM PER DAY 45 RECORD NUMBER IN WAVE FILE 46 reference file 6 REFERENCE FILE 14 47 97 REFERENCE FILE FORMAT 14 98 results file 7 RESULTS FILE 15 RESULTS FILE FORMAT 15 river mesh 102 Roe scheme 52 ROUGHNESS COEFFICIENT OF BOUNDARIES 42 RUBENS 8 sections input file 6 SECTIONS INPUT FILE 13 37 sections output file 7 SECTIONS OUTPUT FILE 37 semi implicit scheme 51 Serafin 8 SISYPHE
66. NCE FILE FORMAT specifies the format of this binary file SERAFIN by default The VALIDA subroutine is called at each time step when the keyword VALIDATION has the value YES enabling a comparison to be made with the analytical solution at each time step By default the VALIDA subroutine only makes a comparison with the last time step The results of this comparison are given in the control listing 14 7 CHANGING THE TYPE OF A BOUNDARY CONDITION PROPIN TELEMAC2D During a simulation the type of boundary condition is generally fixed and in the case of TELEMAC 2D is provided by the boundary conditions file However in certain cases it may be necessary to change the type of boundary conditions during the computation section of a river subject to tidal effects where the current alternates for instance This change in boundary condition type must be made in the PROPIN TELEMAC2D subroutine N B modifying PROPIN TELEMAC2D is a difficult operation and must be done with great care 14 8 COUPLING The principle of coupling two or more simulation modules involves running the two calculations simultaneously and exchanging the various results at each time step For example the following principle is used to link a hydrodynamic module and a sediment transport module e two codes perform the calculation at the initial instant with the same information in particular the mesh and bottom topography h
67. NDITIONS gas asas entente tenete tenete teens 108 16 3 NUMERICAL PARAMETER DEFINITION 109 26 34 JTypeof advection sese doe ete edis tret 109 16 32 SOLVER SR ise o e pete 109 16 4 SPECIAL TYPES OF PROGRAMMING naa 110 16 4 1 Changing bottom topography between two computations 110 16 5 FIDAESELATS SZ eot EI eden 111 epp 113 APPENDIX 1 RUNNING A TELEMAC 2D COMPUTATION 114 APPENDIX 2 LIST OF USER SUBROUTINES 116 APPENDIX3 DESCRIPTION OF SERAFIN FILE STANDARD 118 APPENDIX 4 GENERATING OUTPUT FILES FOR DELWAQ 119 APPENDIX 5 DEFINING FRICTION BY DOMAINS 120 APPENDIX 6 INDEX iei e 126 Version 7 0 Page 5 December 2014 Page 6 TELEMAC modelling system TELEMAC 2D User manual Version 7 0 December 2014 TELEMAC modelling system Page 7 TELEMAC 2D User manual Version 7 0 INTRODUCTION 1 1 PRESENTATION OF TELEMAC 2D SOFTWARE The TELEMAC 2D code solves depth averaged free surface flow equations as derived first by Barr de Saint Venant in 1871 The main results at each node of the computational mesh are the depth of water and the depth averaged velocity components The main application of TELEMAC 2D is in free surface maritime or river hydraulics and the program is able to take into account the f
68. OF POINTS 3489 56229 NAMES OF POINTS SAINT MALO CHERBOURG 14 10 FOURIER ANALYSIS TELEMAC 2D allows the user to analyze free surface variations in order to determine the phase and amplitude of one or more waves This can only be done if the mean level is zero Amplitudes and phases are supplied for each point and for each period This function is activated by the keyword FOURIER ANALYSIS PERIODS and provides a list of the analysis periods e g the periods of tide induced waves that are to be studied The results are supplied directly at the last time step in the results file with the names AMPLITUDEI AMPLITUDE2 etc for the amplitudes and PHASEI PHASE2 etc for the phases The user estimates the minimum duration of Version 7 0 December 2014 Page 106 TELEMAC modelling system TELEMAC 2D User manual the simulation The keyword NUMBER OF FIRST TIME STEP FOR GRAPHIC PRINTOUTS can be used to reduce the size of the results file It is also necessary to specify the time range using the keyword RANGE FOR FOURIER ANALYSIS associated with 2 real values the starting time in seconds and the ending time in seconds separated by a semicolon If this keyword is left with its default values 0 0 the computation will stop with an error message Version 7 0 December 2014 TELEMAC modelling system Page 107 TELEMAC 2D User manual 15 PARALLELISM TELEMAC 2D is generally run on single processor computers of the workstat
69. RESCRIBING INITIAL CONDITIONS 25 Version 7 0 December 2014 Page 2 TELEMAC modelling system TELEMAC 2D User manual 4 1 1 Prescribing using eene 25 4 1 2 Prescribing with the CONDIN subroutine eee 26 4 1 3 Continuing a computation sese eene 26 4 2 PRESCRIBING BOUNDARY CONDITIONS esee 27 4 2 1 Possible choices hasa 27 4 2 2 Description of various types of boundary conditions sss 28 4 2 3 The boundary conditions file 29 4 2 4 Prescribing values using keywords seen 31 4 2 5 Prescribing values by programming functions or using the open boundaries fil n yaa ae ap AQ Q dece onte e fepe els 32 4 2 6 Stage discharge curve essere nennen 34 4 2 7 Prescribing complex values eene 35 4 2 8 Prescribing velocity profiles sse 35 4 2 9 Thompson boundary conditions esee 37 4 2 10 Elements masking eene a nennen nns 37 4 2 11 Definition of types of boundary condition when preparing the mesh 38 4 2 12 TIDAL HARMONIC CONSTITUENTS DATABASES see 38 5 GENERAL PARAMETER DEFINITION FOR THE COMPUTATION Fa s OP isos A REB EAE 41 5 1 CRITERIA FOR STOPPING A 9 41 3 2 CONTROL SEGTIONS nere u a 42 5 2 1
70. S 57 MAXIMUM NUMBER OF ITERATIONS FOR IDENTIFICATION 48 MAXIMUM NUMBER OF ITERATIONS FOR K AND EPSILON 56 MAXIMUM NUMBER OF ITERATIONS FOR SOLVER 57 MEAN DEPTH FOR LINEARIZATION 50 MEAN TEMPERATURE 64 MED format 8 MESH 102 mesh file 10 MESURES 47 METEO 43 44 Method of characteristics 51 MINIMUM VALUE OF DEPTH 60 105 MINOR CONSTITUENTS INFERENCE 33 MODIFICATION OF BOTTOM TOPOGRAPHY 95 MODIFYING COORDINATES 95 moving forces 46 MPI 101 N 24 N distributive scheme 51 NAMES OF POINTS 99 NAMES OF THE TRACERS 64 NDP 10 NELEM 3 10 NELMAX 3 NOMVAR_TELEMAC2D 97 NON DIMENSIONAL DISPERSION COEFFICIENTS 42 NON SUBMERGED VEGETATIO FRICTION 40 NPOIN 3 10 NPTFR 3 29 NUMBER OF CULVERTS 90 91 NUMBER OF DROGUES 79 83 NUMBER OF FIRST TIME STEP FOR GRAPHIC PRINTOUTS 14 100 NUMBER OF FIRST TIME STEP FOR LISTING PRINTOUTS 15 NUMBER OF LAGRANGIAN DRIFTS 87 NUMBER OF PRIVATE ARRAYS 96 December 2014 TELEMAC 2D modelling system TELEMAC 2D User manual NUMBER OF SUB ITERATIONS FOR NON LINEARITIES 52 NUMBER OF TIME STEPS 35 NUMBER OF TRACERS 64 NUMBER OF WEIRS 89 NUMERICAL PARAMETER DEFINITION 49 NUMERICAL SCHEMES 51 Numerical specifications 66 OIL SPILL MODEL 83 OILSPILL STEERING FILE 83 OPTION FOR LIQUID BOUNDARIES 31 OPTION FOR THE DIFFUSION OF TRACERS 66 OPTION FOR THE DIFFUSION OF VELOCITIES 41 106 OPTION FOR THE SO
71. TELEMAC MODELLING SYSTEM 2D hydrodynamics TELEMAC 2D Software Release 7 0 USER MANUAL DECEMBER 2014 The information given in this manual is subject to revision without notice EDF R amp D disclaims any responsibility for or in relation to the contents hereof The TELEMAC system is the property of EDF R amp D Copyright 2014 EDF R amp D BLUEKENUE is the property of the Canadian Hydraulics Centre Ottawa Ontario Canada Copyright 1998 2014 Canadian Hydraulics Centre National Research Council http www nrc cnrc gc ca eng ibp chc software kenue blue kenue html DELWAQ is the property of DELTARES Delft The Netherlands http delfisoftware wldelft nl EVOLUTIONS OF THE DOCUMENT DATE AUTHOR EVOLUTION 10 2010 Pierre LANG pierre lang ingerop com General update for release 6 0 07 2013 Jonathan Desombre Jonathan desombre gmail com General update for release 6 2 12 2014 Riadh ATA Riadh ata edf fr C dric Goeury Cedric goeury edf fr Jean Michel Hervouet JM Hervouet edf fr Updates for release 7 0 Typing conventions used in this manual The computational items variable names file names etc are written in courier font The keywords are written in UPPER CASE ITALICS The literature references are given between brackets TELEMAC modelling system Page 1 TELEMAC 2D User manual TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTIQN
72. TELEMAC modelling system Page 35 TELEMAC 2D User manual 4 2 7 PRESCRIBING COMPLEX VALUES If the values to be prescribed vary in both time and space it is necessary to program the BORD subroutine as this enables values to be prescribed on a node by node basis This subroutine describes all the open boundaries loop on NPTFR For each boundary point it determines the type of boundary in order to prescribe the appropriate value velocity elevation or flowrate However there is little sense in programming BORD to prescribe a flowrate as this value is usually known for the entire boundary and not for each segment of it In the case of a prescribed flowrate boundary located between two solid boundaries with no velocities the velocities on the angle points are cancelled N B The BORD subroutine also enables the tracer limit values to be prescribed see 9 3 4 2 8 PRESCRIBING VELOCITY PROFILES In the case of a flowrate or velocity conditions the user can specify the velocity profile computed by TELEMAC 2D using the keyword VELOCITY PROFILES The user must supply one value for each open boundary The following options are available e 1 The velocity vector is normal to the boundary In the case of a prescribed flowrate the value of the vector is set to 1 and then multiplied by a constant in order to obtain the desired flowrate given by the keyword PRESCRIBED FLOWRATES or by the function Q In the case of a prescribed velocity the
73. The variables LEO SORLEO IMP SORIMP are also used to determine whether the variable is to be printed in the printout file or in the results file at the time step in question 14 5 ARRAY MODIFICATION OR INITIALIZATION When programming TELEMAC 2D subroutines it is sometimes necessary to initialize a table or memory space to a particular value To do that the BIEF library furnishes a subroutine called FILPOL that lets the user modify or initialize tables in particular mesh areas A call ofthe type CALL FILPOL F C XSOM YSOM NSOM MESH fills table F with the C value in the convex polygon defined by NSOM nodes coordinates XSOM YSOM The variable MESH is needed for the FILPOL subroutine but have no meaning for the user 14 6 VALIDATING A COMPUTATION VALIDA The structure of the TELEMAC 2D software offers a point of entry for validating a computation in the form of a subroutine named VALIDA which has to be filled by the user in accordance with each particular case Validation may be carried out either with respect to a reference file which is therefore a file of results from the same computation that is taken as reference the name of which is supplied by the keyword REFERENCE FILE or with respect to an analytical solution that must then be programmed entirely by the user Version 7 0 December 2014 Page 104 TELEMAC modelling system TELEMAC 2D User manual When using a reference file the keyword REFERE
74. Y 75 11 1 INTRODUCTION za au eneDaadutemiiistiaei diem 75 11 2 THEORETICAL ASPECTS Sourire an esee n teeth there nnne 75 11 3 PRACTICALASPECTS la Me ptit e Q 76 ILS Jhemetkofileznz ocozc ge ee eei eiit dete penderet 77 1133 2 SOD module RU SHORE SSS a S n 77 11 3 3 The thermic module a dee ette etaed 81 12 PARTICLE TRANSPORT AND LAGRANGIAN DRIFTS 85 12 1 DROGUE DISPLACEMENTS ooer 85 T21 Files e a r ene 85 121 2 SIeerino file x i e 85 12 13 fortran file iem 86 I2 4 pb E ta 86 222 ALGAE BLOOM MODELLING eene 87 12 2 1 WAputfil es ts o usha Het 87 12 222 Steering file ss eoe a ia e tine 87 1222 3 ATh eforrahn uie ERE d 88 12 2 4 OWlput files ie naa bee eet iode eee eed 86 12 3 OIL SPILESMODELEING S a a u a D teen 88 untere 89 12 3 2 Steering file e rte etd 89 12 3 3 spill steering file aasan unisaq aoaaa eene 90 12 3 4 THe 041 flot subroutine sss eene 91 12 3 5 Output files o gre REI ed ree Ner hears 92 12 4 LAGRANGIAN DRIFTS entree 93 24d
75. aching processes are not affected by this new feature However the breaches file is modified as follows addition of two new lines for selecting breach opening option These two lines comment line and the value for the option come after the breach duration The options are selected using 1 for dike opening by bottom lowering the old implementation 2 for dike opening by widening the newly added option the width of polygon defining breach is given for each breach A commented example of breaches data file 1s provided below This example is taken from the test case TELEMAC2D breach Number of breaches Bandwidth of the polyline defining the breach 15 0 Upstream breach definition Width of Polygon defining the breaches 25 0 Option for the breaching process 2 Duration of the breaching process 0 0 instant opening 0 0 option of lateral growth 1 bottom lowering 2 dike opening by widening 2 Final bottom altitude of the breach Su Control level of breach breach exist if water level exceed this value 7 2 Number of points of the polyline 4 Description of the polyline 2000 0 37 5 2041 0 37 5 2082 0 37 5 2100 0 37 5 f Central breach definition Width of Polygon defining the breaches 20 0 Option for the breaching process Version 7 0 December 2014 Page 100 Version 7 0 TELEMAC modelling system TELEMAC 2D User manual 3 Duration of the breaching process 0 0 instant opening
76. aken into account 11 3 2 1 2 Vegetal respiration Itis given directly by the user with key word VEGETAL RESPIRATION R default 0 06 mgO d l 11 3 2 1 3 Photosynthesis P Photosynthesis P in mgO d l depends on algae density water depth and sunlight It is very often between 0 3 and 9 mgO d l for O2 module it is given by the user with the key word PHOTOSYNTHESIS P default 1 mgO d l 11 3 2 1 4 Reaeration Itis the gain oxygen through the free surface of water It is due to 2 main raisons the natural reaeration and the weir reaeration e Natural reaeration it be seen at a macroscopic level as a term which is linearly dependent on Cs O2 where Cs is O2 saturation density of water given through key word O2 SATURATION DENSITY OF WATER CS default 11 mg l and O2 is the O2 density For instance Cs 9mg l at 20 We get finally Natural reaeration K2 Cs O2 Where K2 given in 1 d is an empirical parameter which can be computed using 4 empirical laws The choice of the law is given by the keyword FORMULA FOR COMPUTING K2 which can have the following values Version 7 0 December 2014 TELEMAC modelling system Page 79 TELEMAC 2D User manual o 0 K2 constant its value is given by keyword K2 REAERATION COEFFICIENT default 0 9 o 1 formula ofthe Tenessee Valley Authority K 5 23 Uh 567 with U is the velocity and h is the water depth at each point of the mesh 2 formula of Owens et al
77. alue at that wall Option 2 Priority to fluxes will then induce a change in the tracer prescribed value so that the flux is correct On the other hand option 1 Priority to prescribed values default value sets the tracer value without checking the fluxes Contrary to what 1s offered in TELEMAC 3D the TELEMAC 2D keyword has only one value which is then applied to all liquid boundaries Version 7 0 December 2014 Page 72 TELEMAC modelling system TELEMAC 2D User manual 9 4 MANAGING TRACER SOURCES TELEMAC 2D offers the possibility of placing tracer sources with or without tracer discharge at any point of the domain The management of these sources is identical the one of all other type of sources See section 8 for more details 9 5 NUMERICAL SPECIFICATIONS The way of treating advection od tracers is specified in the third value of the keyword TYPE OF ADVECTION The possibilities are the same as for velocity The user can also use the real keyword MPLICITATION COEFFICIENT OF TRACERS default value 0 6 in order to configure the implicitation values in the cases of semi implicit schemes When solving the tracer transport equations the user can choose whether or not to take into account diffusion phenomena using the logical word DIFFUSION OF TRACERS default value YES Furthermore the tracers diffusion coefficient should be specified using the real keyword COEFFICIENT FOR DIFFUSION OF TRACERS default value 10 This p
78. applications Advances in Water Resources 62 155 172 Goeury 2012 Mod lisation du transport des nappes d hydrocarbures en zones continentales et estuariennes PhD thesis Universit Paris Est 2012 Hervouet J 2007 Hydrodynamics of free Surface flows Wileys Joly A 2011 Modelling of the transport of algae in a coastal environment using a stochastic method Universit Paris Est 2011 K El Kadi Abderrezzak L M 2012 Module de qualit d eau TRACER note de principe EDF R amp D PHAM C T B 2012 M thodologie pour la simulation de la mar e avec la version 6 2 de TELEMAC 2D et TELEMAC 3D available on http opentelemac org index php manuals viewdownload 4 training and tutorials 154 methodologie pour la simulation de la maree en manche et proche atlantique EDF report H P74 2012 02534 FR Version 7 0 December 2014 Page 114 Version 7 0 TELEMAC modelling system TELEMAC 2D User manual APPENDIX 1 RUNNING A TELEMAC 2D COMPUTATION Telemac environment is managed using Perl language old option and Python For the Python option informations about running the code can be found in the website www opentelemac org we present hereafter features related to the Perl version A computation is started using the command telemac2d It is also possible to start the simulation directly in FUDAA PREPRO This command activates the execution of a unix script which is common to all the computation modul
79. arameter is the same for all tracers This parameter has a very important influence on tracer diffusion in time As for velocity diffusion a time or space variable tracer diffusion coefficient should be programmed directly in the CORVIS subroutine As for velocity diffusion the user can configure the type of solution he requires for the diffusion term To do this he should use the real keyword OPTION FOR THE DIFFUSION OF TRACERS with the following values 1 treatment of the term of type div grad T default value 2 treatment of the term of type div grad good tracer mass conservation but critical in the case of tidal flats 9 6 LAW OF TRACERS DEGRADATION By default TELEMAC 2D tracers are considered as mass conservative However it is possible to specify a degradation law In the current release only the exponential degradation law is available The activation of the degradation law is done with the keyword LAW OF TRACERS DEGRADATION providing a series of integer corresponding to each tracer The value of this integer can be set to 0 mass conservative tracer or 1 exponential degradation tracer In the second case the value of the T90 the time to degrade 9096 of the tracer to take into account for Version 7 0 December 2014 TELEMAC modelling system Page 73 TELEMAC 2D User manual each tracer is provided with the keyword COEFFICIENT 1 FOR LAW OF TRACERS DEGRADATION It is also possible to pro
80. area particle equal to 1 m 12 3 4 THE OIL FLOT SUBROUTINE After inserting the OIL FLOT subroutine in the FORTRAN file the user must modify it in order to indicate the release time step together with the coordinates of the release point If the release point coordinates are outside the domain the run is interrupted and an error message is displayed In addition if a particle leaves the domain during the simulation it is of course no longer monitored but its previous track remains in the results file for consultation Version 7 0 December 2014 Page 92 TELEMAC modelling system TELEMAC 2D User manual An example of modifications in the FLOT subroutine is given The release time step in the first condition statement and the coordinates of the release point must be changed IF LT EQ 10000 TH NUM_GLO 0 NUM 0 NUM LOC 0 COORD X 0 D0 COORD Y 0 D0 SQRT REAL NFLOT_MAX DO K 1 NUM MAX DO J 1 NUM MAX COORD_X 336000 D0 R COORD_Y 371000 D0 R NUM GLO NUM GLO 1 NFLOT OIL 0 CALL ADD PARTICLE COORD X COORD Y 0 D0 NUM GLO NFLOT OIL 1 XFLOT YFLOT YFLOT TAGFLO SHPFLO SHPFLO ELTFLO ELTFLO MESH 1 0 D0 0 D0 0 D0 0 D0 0 0 2 Lr AL J AL Lr END DO D DO IF Z z J 12 3 5 OUTPUT FILES There are no additional output files provided than for drogue t
81. as a quasi universal configuration even in parallel mode TYPE OF ADVECTION 1 5 Models with steep bottom topography gradients and tidal flats very often pose serious difficulties oscillations of the free surface long computation times etc In the light of experience the configuration that appears to be best in such cases is as follows TREATMENT OF THE LINEAR SYSTEM 2 FREE SURFACE GRADIENT COMPATIBILITY 0 9 16 3 2 SOLVER When using primitive equations which is no longer recommended the solver giving the best results in terms of computation time is GMRES keyword value 7 In this case it is sometimes useful to configure the dimension of the Krylov space in order to optimize computation time The larger the dimension the more time is required to run an iteration but the faster the system converges The user is therefore strongly advised to run simulations over a few time steps by varying the keyword SOLVER OPTION and OPTION FOR THE SOLVER so as to reach the best compromise between computation time for one iteration and the number of iterations remembering that the more points there are in the mesh the higher the optimum value This optimum value generally varies from 2 small meshes to 4 or 5 large meshes When using this solver the optimum value for the time step in terms of computational time is generally reached when the convergence occurs with 10 to 20 iterations When using the wave equation the recommende
82. ber of mesh points NPOIN variable the number of elements NELEM variable the number of nodes per element NDP variable arrays X and Y containing the coordinates of all the nodes and array IKLE containing the connectivity table This file can also contain bottom topography information and or friction coefficient at each mesh December 2014 TELEMAC modelling system Page 17 TELEMAC 2D User manual TELEMAC 2D stores information on the geometry at the start of the results file Because of this the computation results file can be used as a geometry file if a new simulation is to be run on the same mesh The name of this file is given with the keyword GEOMETRY FILE The format of this file is given by the keyword GEOMETRY FILE FORMAT Version 7 0 December 2014 Page 18 Version 7 0 TELEMAC modelling system TELEMAC 2D User manual 3 2 8 THE BOUNDARY CONDITIONS FILE This is a formatted file generated automatically by the mesher MATISSE BLUE KENUE or JANET but also by FUDAA PREPRO or STBTEL It can be modified with a standard text editor Each line of the file is dedicated to one point on the mesh boundary The numbering used for points on the boundary is that of the file lines First of all it describes the contour of the domain trigonometrically starting from the bottom left hand corner X Y minimum and then the islands in a clockwise direction See section 4 2 3 for a fuller description of thi
83. completely independent of the water quality handled by DELW AQ See section 11 e Water quality dictionary which contains all the key words dedicated exclusively to the water quality module The output files are the following results file containing the graphical results e The listing printout which is the log file of the computation If necessary the user can get additional information in this file by activating the integer keyword DEBUGGER in the steering file DEBUGGER 1 will show the sequence of calls to subroutines in the main program telemac2d f This is useful in case of crash to locate the guilty subroutine e The sections output file which contains the results of the control sections computation In addition the user can manage additional files 2binary data files e 2 formatted data files e lbinary results file Version 7 0 December 2014 Page 14 Version 7 0 TELEMAC modelling system TELEMAC 2D User manual e formatted results file Some of these files are used by TELEMAC 2D for specific applications Some others files are also required when coupling TELEMAC 2D with the water quality software DELWAQ These files are described in appendix 4 3 1 1 BINARY FILE FORMAT The binary files managed inside the TELEMAC system can have various formats The most commonly used format is the Serafin format also called Selafin the TELEMAC system internal standard format described in appen
84. components need to be informed only if the number of these components is not null e If the sum of all mass fraction components is not equal to 1 the run is interrupted and an error message is displayed WARNING THE SUM OF EACH COMPONENT MASS FRACTION IS NOT EQUAL TO 1 PLEASE MODIFY THE INPUT STEERING FILE Version 7 0 December 2014 TELEMAC modelling system Page 91 TELEMAC 2D User manual An example of the oil spill steering file is given NUMBER OF UNSOLUBLE COMPONENTS IN OIL 6 UNSOLUBLE COMPONENTS PARAMETERS FRAC MASS TEB 5 1D 02 402 32D0 9 2D 02 428 37D0 3 16D 01 458 37D0 3 5156D 01 503 37 0 8 5D 02 543 37 0 9 4D 02 628 37D0 NUMBER OF SOLUBLE COMPONENTS IN OIL 4 SOLUBLE COMPONENTS PARAMETERS FRAC MASS TEB SOL KDISS KVOL 1 D 02 497 0500 0 0180 1 25D 05 5 0D 05 3 2D 02 551 5200 0 0017600 5 63D 06 1 51D 05 1 D 04 674 68D0 2 0D 04 2 D 06 4 085D 07 2 D 05 728 15D0 1 33D 06 1 33D 06 1 20D 07 OIL DENSITY 830 D0 OIL VISCOSITY 4 2D 06 OIL SPILL VOLUM 2 02D 05 WATER TEMPERATURE 292 05D0 SPREADING MODEL 1 FAY S MODEL 2 MIGR HYCAR MODEL 3 CONSTANT AREA 1 If in the oil spill steering the SPREADING MODEL is set to 3 two lines must be added to the previous example CONSTANT AREA VALUE CHOSEN BY THE USER FOR EACH OIL PARTICL 1 example if the user wants
85. ction 9 Functions Q VIT and SL are programmed in the same way In each case the user has the time the boundary rank for determining for example whether the first or second boundary with a prescribed flowrate is being processed the global number of the boundary point useful in case of parallel computing and in the case of O information on the depth of water at the previous time step By default the functions prescribe the value read from the boundary conditions file or supplied by keywords For example the body of function for prescribing a flowrate ramp lasting 1000 seconds and reaching a value of 400 m s could take a form similar to IF AT LT 1000 D0 THEN 400 D0 AT 1000 D0 ELSE Q 400 D0 ENDIF Using the liquid boundaries file is an alternative to programming the functions mentioned above This is a text file edited by the user the name of which is given with the keyword LIQUID BOUNDARIES FILE This file has the following format Aline beginning with the sign 15 a line of comments e It must contain a line beginning with T T meaning time to identify the value provided in this file Identification is by a mnemonic identical to the name of the variables Q for flow Version 7 0 December 2014 TELEMAC modelling system Page 33 TELEMAC 2D User manual rate SL for water level U and V for velocities and TR for tracer An integer between brackets specifies the rank of the boundary in questio
86. d NON SUBMERGED VEGETATION YES By default 10 zones are allocated this number can be changed with the keyword MAXIMUM NUMBER OF FRICTION DOMAINS 80 Link between nodes and code numbers of friction domains is achieved with ZONES FILE name of the file IV Advanced options If some friction domains with identical parameters have to be defined it is possible to define them only with one line thanks to the keyword from to it is also possible to use de a or von bis The first code number of the domains and the last code number of the domains have to be set All domains of friction with a code number between these two values will be allocated with the same parameters except Ifa friction domain is defined in two different groups the priority is given to the last group defined A single friction domain has ever the priority on a group even if a group with this domain is defined afterwards Ifa single friction domain is defined twice the priority is given to the last definition Version 7 0 December 2014 Appendix 5 V Programming TELEMAC modelling system TELEMAC 2D User manual A new module FRICTION DEF has been created in order to save the data read in the friction file This module is built on the structure of the BIEF objects The domain of friction i is used as follows TYPE FRICTION DEF TEST FRICTION TEST FRICTIONSADR I P The components of
87. d 9 are used for the non submerged vegetation diameter of roughness element and spacing of roughness element These columns have to be set only if the option non submerged vegetation 1s used else nothing has to be written in these columns The last line of the file must have only the keyword END or FIN or ENDE 993699 In order to add a comment in the friction data file the line must begin with a star Version 7 0 December 2014 Appendix 5 TELEMAC modelling system TELEMAC 2D User manual Link between the laws implemented and their names in the friction data file Law Number Name for data file Parameters used No Friction 0 NOFR No parameter Haaland 1 HAAL Roughness coefficient Ch zy 2 CHEZ Roughness coefficient Strickler 3 STRI Roughness coefficient Manning 4 MANN Roughness coefficient Nikuradse 5 NIKU Roughness coefficient Log law of wall 1 6 LOGW Roughness coefficient Roughness coefficient Colebrook White 7 COWH Manning coefficient Version 7 0 1 ean be used only for boundaries conditions December 2014 TELEMAC 2D modelling system Appendix 5 Page 123 TELEMAC 2D User manual III Steering file In order to use a friction computation by domains the next keyword have to be added For the friction data file FRICTION DATA YES FRICTION DATA FILE name of the file where friction is given For the non submerged vegetation if use
88. d associated friction coefficient in the domain These information car vary from one zone to another The file name is specified with the keyword FRICTION DATA FILE but is used only if the logical keyword FRICTION DATA is activated By default the number of friction domains is limited to 10 but can be modified using the keyword MAXIMUM NUMBER OF FRICTION DOMAINS See appendix 6 for a complete description of this file 32 8 THE STAGE DISCHARGE OR ELEVATION DISCHARGE CURVES FILE This text file enables the user to configure the evolution of the prescribed value on specific open boundaries This file is used when the prescribed elevation is determined by a elevation discharge elevation law The descriptions of the appropriate laws are given through this file See section 4 2 6 for a complete description of this file The file name is specified with the keyword STAGE DISCHARGE CURVES FILE 3 2 9 THE SECTIONS INPUT FILE This text file enables the user to configure the control sections used during the simulation See section 5 2 for a complete description of this file The file name is specified with the keyword SECTIONS INPUT FILE December 2014 Page 20 Version 7 0 TELEMAC modelling system TELEMAC 2D User manual 3 2 10 FILES DEDICATED TO CONSTRUCTION WORKS When using specific treatment of singularity weirs tubes culverts breaches these files are used to specify the elements necessary for the treatment concerned
89. d remain positive and slightly negative depths may appear any correction with the key word H CLIPPING would spoil the mass conservation The option TREATMENT OF THE TIDAL FLATS 3 is basically the same as option 1 but on partially dry elements a porosity coefficient is applied to take into account the fact that in reality the finite element has a size limited to its wet part This option has been designed mainly for dam break studies though users report a good behavior in quasi steady flows Unless specific reasons and waiting for more convincing tests option 1 is recommended rather than 3 When using option 1 or 3 it is possible to use a specific treatment concerning the negative depths by selecting the appropriate value for the keyword TREATMENT OF NEGATIVE DEPTHS The possibilities are e 0 no treatment The negative depths are left unchanged e 1 smoothing of negative depth default value e 2 Flux control This treatment means that some fluxes between points may be limited to avoid negative depths When using option 1 it is possible to fix the limit value for the smoothing using the keyword THRESHOLD FOR NEGATIVE DEPTHS which default value is 0 Hereafter are general recommendations when there are tidal flats in your domain e of course use the key word TIDAL FLATS YES e avoid tidal flats every time it is possible e g very steep banks can sometimes be replaced by a vertical wall Version 7 0 December 2014 Page 112 Version
90. d solver is the conjugate gradient value 1 In that case the optimum value for the time step is generally reached when the convergence occurs with 30 to 50 iterations Version 7 0 December 2014 Page 110 Version 7 0 TELEMAC modelling system TELEMAC 2D User manual 16 4 SPECIAL TYPES OF PROGRAMMING 16 4 1 CHANGING BOTTOM TOPOGRAPHY BETWEEN TWO COMPUTATIONS The CORFON subroutine is used to change the bottom topography read from the geometry file Everything is programmed so that this change is made only once The list of operations is as follows Reading of geometry Bottom correction with CORFON If a computation is being continued the bottom from the previous computation results file is used if there is one Any change of CORFON for a continued computation will therefore be inoperative if the bottom topography is saved in the results file even if CORFON is actually called The procedure for changing bottom topography between two successive computations is as follows Run an initial computation without saving the bottom topography or water depth but saving the free surface Modify CORFON Continue the computation TELEMAC 2D will then use the new bottom topography and as it only finds the free surface in the results of the previous computation it will recalculate the new depth of water as being the old free surface minus the new bottom topography December 2014 TELEMAC modelling system Page 111 TELEMAC 2D
91. ddition the subroutine ADD PARTICLE is used to set the initial values of variables XFLOT YFLOT and TAGFLOT which are the two dimensional position components and an identifier of the particle An example how to use FLOT to release algae particles is put in comments within the subroutine FLOT Modifications to subroutine FLOT for algae transport e Add the command USE ALGAE TRANSP at the beginning of the routine e Define ALGAE START which will be used as the release time of the algae so far a simple time release is allowed e Use LT to release particles e Call ADD PARTICLE to define XFLOT YFLOT and TAGFLOT WARNINGS e ALGAE START needs to be greater or equal to 1 e far it is possible to achieve a unique release of algae To do multiple releases in different times futher developments are necessary 12 2 4 OUTPUT FILES Likewise for drogues see 12 1 4 12 3 OIL SPILL MODELLING A new feature has been added to TELEMAC 2D and 3D that allows the simulation of oil spill problems These developments are based on the work of Goeury Goeury 2012 Version 7 0 December 2014 TELEMAC modelling system Page 89 TELEMAC 2D User manual 12 3 1 INPUT FILES In addition to the minimum set of input files necessary to run a TELEMAC 2D case an oil spill computation needs also an oil spill steering file Furthermore to run oil spill model FORTRAN file including the routine OIL FLOT needs to be added
92. dix 3 This Serafin format can be configured in order to store real data as single or double precision The other possible format is the MED format which is compatible with the SALOME platform developed by EDF and CEA The full description of the MED format is available on the SALOME website http www salome platform org Depending on the selected format the binary file can be read by different tools But in actual version only single precision Serafin format can be read by the post processing tool RUBENS FUDAA PREPRO and BLUEKENUE can read also double precision The selection of the appropriate format is made using the corresponding key word For example the keyword GEOMETRY FILE FORMAT manages the format of the geometry file Each keyword can take 3 different values 8 characters string SERAFIN means the single precision Serafin format and is the default and recommended value do not forget the space at the end SERAFIND is the double precision Serafin format which can be used for more accurate computation continued or more accurate validation and MED means the MED hdf5 format 3 2 THE FILES 3 2 1 THE STEERING FILE This is a text file created by a text editor of by the FUDAA PREPRO software but generally the user starts from an already existing parameter file available in the TELEMAC structure for example in the test cases directories In a way it represents the control panel of the computation It conta
93. dratic variables NBV 2 with the value of 0 for Telemac as quadratic values are not saved so far 1 records containing the names and units of each variable over 32 characters 1 record containing the integers table I PARAM 10 integers of which only the 6 are currently being used o if IPARAM 3 z 0 the value corresponds to the x coordinate of the origin of the mesh o if IPARAM 4 z 0 the value corresponds to the y coordinate of the origin of the mesh o if IPARAM 7 z 0 the value corresponds to the number of planes on the vertical 3D computation o if IPARAM 8 z 0 the value corresponds to the number of boundary points in parallel o 9 z 0 the value corresponds to the number of interface points in parallel o if IPARAM 8 or IPARAM 9 z0 the array IPOBO below is replaced by the array KNOLG total initial number of points All the other numbers local to the sub domain including IKLE If IPARAM 10 1 a record containing the computation starting date record containing the integers NELEM NPOIN NDP 1 number of elements number of points number of points per element and the value 1 1 record containing table IKLE integer array of dimension NDP NELEM which is the connectivity table N B in TELEMAC 2D the dimensions of this array are NELEM NDP 1 record containing table I POBO integer array of dimension NPOIN the value of one element is 0
94. e suggested NOTE this option will trigger the computation of characteristics trajectories in order to get informations from inside the domain 4 2 10 ELEMENTS MASKING TELEMAC 2D offers the possibility of masking certain elements This means for example that islands can be created in an existing mesh The boundaries created in this way are processed as solid walls with a slip condition This option is activated with the logical keyword ELEMENTS MASKED BY USER default value NO In this case the user must indicate the number of elements masked by programming the MASKOB subroutine This manages an array of real values MASKEL the size of which is equal to the number of points and in which each value can be 0 D0 for a masked element and 1 00 a normal one N B This option is not compatible with perfectly conservative advection schemes Version 7 0 December 2014 Page 38 TELEMAC modelling system TELEMAC 2D User manual 4 2 11 DEFINITION OF TYPES OF BOUNDARY CONDITION WHEN PREPARING THE MESH When using MATISSE or BLUEKENUE the boundary condition type is prescribed during the last step of mesh generation When using the other mesh generators it is generally possible to define the type of boundary condition during the mesh generation session by prescribing a colour code Each colour code corresponds to a particular type of boundary wall open boundary with prescribed velocity etc The table showing colour codes o
95. e default value or 2 wave equation It is important to stress that choosing option 2 automatically selects a number of other options use of mass lumping on depth and velocities and use of explicit velocity diffusion In most cases Option 2 is recommended and offers the optimum in terms of stability and CPU time When free surface wiggles are observed for example in areas with strong bathymetry gradient the best solution is to use the keyword FREE SURFACE GRADIENT COMPATIBILITY with a value lower than 1 0 9 is recommended except in case of strong oscillations for which lower values might be necessary This option avoids in most cases the use of quasi bubble triangle discretization which is more CPU and memory consuming 7 3 2 SOLVER During certain steps the solver used for solving the systems of equations may be selected by means of the following keywords e SOLVER for the hydrodynamic propagation step e SOLVER FOR DIFFUSION OF TRACERS for the tracers diffusion step e SOLVER FOR K EPSILON MODEL for solving the turbulence model system Each keyword may have a value between 1 and 9 These values correspond to the following possibilities Options 1 to 6 are all related to the conjugate gradient method e 1 Conjugate gradient method Conjugate residual method Conjugate gradient on normal equation method Minimum error method Squared conjugate gradient method BICGSTAB stabilised biconjugate gradient method
96. e depth of water from the free surface and the bottom elevation If certain variables are missing from the continuation file they are then fixed automatically at zero However it is possible in this case to provide initial values in a standard way e g using a December 2014 TELEMAC modelling system Page 27 TELEMAC 2D User manual Version 7 0 keyword A frequent application is to use the result of a hydrodynamic computation to compute the transport of a tracer The continuation file does not normally contain any result for the tracer However it is possible to provide the initial value for this by using the keyword NITIAL VALUES OF TRACERS In order to use the continuation file it is necessary to enter two keywords in the steering file e The keyword COMPUTATION CONTINUED must have the value YES The keyword PREVIOUS COMPUTATION FILE must provide the name of the file that will supply the initial state N B the mesh for which the results are computed must be exactly the same as the one to be used in continuing the computation If necessary the keyword PREVIOUS COMPUTATION FILE FORMAT can be used to select a specific format For example in order to increase the accuracy of the initial state it is possible to use double precision Serafin format Obviously this configuration is possible only if the previous computation was correctly configured in terms of results file format When continuing a computation it is necessar
97. e is as follows e Runa wave propagation calculation on the same mesh as the TELEMAC 2D calculation asking for the moving forces to be stored In the case of TOMAWAC these are the variables FX and FY e Recover the wave results file and specify its name using the keyword BINARY DATA FILE 1 e Activate the keyword WAVE DRIVEN CURRENTS default value NO e Complete the keyword RECORD NUMBER IN WAVE FILE This value corresponds to the iteration number stored in the wave file that must be taken into account by TELEMAC 2D This is usually the last iteration stored If the user wishes to take into account several results from the wave propagation module again e g in order to consider changes in sea level FORTRAN programming is necessary 6 6 VERTICAL STRUCTURES It may be necessary to take into account the presence of an obstacle to flow such as bridge piers trees or even buildings without having to model them in the mesh especially as in this case the force opposing the flow generally varies with the depth of water To handle this problem TELEMAC 2D can include drag forces connected with the presence of vertical structures in the model This function is activated with the logical keyword VERTICAL STRUCTURES The drag forces must then be defined in the user subroutine DRAGFO An example of programming is given in the subroutine itself 6 7 OTHER PHYSICAL PARAMETERS When modelling large areas it is necessary to take into account t
98. e kept constant such as vegetal respiration VEGETAL RESPIRATION R benthic demand BENTHIC DEMAND only 8 parameters have to be introduced and if necessary calibrated The use of this module is consequently recommended for short time periods several days O2 module uses 3 tracers e Dissolved oxygen O2 mgO2 I e Organic load L mgO l e Ammoniacal load mgO l These tracers are hence advected and dispersed in the whole water mass and their evolution obeys the advection diffusion equation linked to external and internal source terms 11 3 2 1 THE DISSOLVED OXYGEN The dissolved oxygen density is influenced by the following factors e factors consuming oxygen 1 Organic load L 2 Ammoniacal load Version 7 0 December 2014 Page 78 TELEMAC modelling system TELEMAC 2D User manual 3 Benthic demand 4 Vegetal respiration e 2 factors producing oxygen 1 Photosynthesis 2 Reaeration We will introduce briefly how are estimated the source terms linked to these six factors 11 3 2 1 1 The benthic demand The benthic demand is provided by the user in gO2 m2 day using the key word BENTHIC DEMAND default 0 1 It is then corrected with water temperature T like BEN BENz29 c 1 065 7 29 Where T is given in Celsius degree using the key word WATER TEMPERATURE default 7 C This value of temperature is useful when the temperature is not considered as a tracer in the model otherwise the real temperature is t
99. e possible discretization that may occur in printing out graphical results the rule for introduction in the results file is the following e Ifnone of the drift computations is completed at the time step considered the two variables are set to zero Otherwise the two variables contain the results of the most recently completed drift computation This means on one hand that two drifts may not be completed at the same time step and on the other hand that between two ends of drift computations a record must be made in the results file otherwise the result of the first computation is lost Lastly if a drift leaves the domain the corresponding computation is interrupted and the result reset at zero for this node 12 4 2 OUTPUT FILES The result is produced in the form of a Serafin format file containing the various positions of the lagrangian drifts in the form of a degenerated mesh Version 7 0 December 2014 Page 94 TELEMAC modelling system TELEMAC 2D User manual The following example steering file and FORTRAN file carries out two drift computations The first begins at time step 10 and finishes at time step 50 The second begins at time step 15 and finishes at time step 40 n the steering file NUMBER OF LAGRANGIAN DRIFTS 2 VARIABLES FOR GRAPHIC PRINTOUTS U V H A G GRAPHIC PRINTOUT PERIOD 1 n the LAGRAN subroutine of the FORTRAN file DEBLAG 1 10 FINLAG 1 50 DEBLAG 2 15 FINLAG 2
100. e the set of key words to include in the steering file of TELEMAC 2D LL tua WATER QUALITY 2 TEE 5 EE WATER QUALITY YES WAQ STEERING FILE waq_steer cas WAQ DICTIONARY waqtel dico We give hereafter an example of WAQ steering file with the use of O process WAQ STEERING FILE SA Co AUR ER A B 24 63 152232 SMS GENERAL PARAMETERS ftl emp e Pe MS LAC LUE LI RO p 5 ALIE WAQ CASE TITLE WAQ O2 VALIDATION CASE WATER DENSITY 1000 KINEMATIC WATER VISCOSITY 1 6 Version 7 0 December 2014 TELEMAC modelling system Page 81 TELEMAC 2D User manual Version 7 0 WATER QUALITY PROCESS OPTIONS ARE 1 O2 PROCESS 2 BIOMASS PROCESS 3 EUTRO PROCESS 4 MICROPOL PROCESS 5 THERMIC PROCESS pp O2 PROCESS CONSTANT OF DEGRADATION OF ORGANIC LOAD K1 0 25 CONSTANT OF NITRIFICATION KINETIC K4 0 35 PHOTOSYNTHESIS 1 VEGERAL RESPIRATION 0 06 WATER TEMPERATURE 20 In case of existence of weirs uncomment the following lines WEIR REAERATION COEFFICIENT RS FORMULA FOR COMPUTING RS GIVES HOW TO CUMPUTE THE WEIR REAERATION COEFFICIENT RS OPTIONS ARE 0 RS CONSTANT IN THIS CASE RS 1 0 1 FORMULA OF GAMESON 1 2 FORMULA OF GAMESON 2 3 FORMULA OF WRL 1 4 FORMULA OF WRL2 COEFFICIENTS A AND B FOR RS FORMULA
101. ectivity table etc are made available to the user By default the CORFON subroutine carries out a number of bottom smoothings equal to FILTER Le equal to the number specified by the keyword BOTTOM SMOOTHINGS The CORFON subroutine is not called up if a computation 1s being continued This avoids having to carry out several bottom smoothings or modify the bottom topography during the computation 14 2 MODIFYING COORDINATES CORRXY TELEMAC 2D also offers the possibility of modifying the mesh point coordinates at the start of a computation This means for example that it is possible to change the scale from that of a reduced scale model to that of the real object rotate or shift the object The modification is made in the CORRXY subroutine BIEF library which is called up at the start of the computation This subroutine 1s empty by default and gives an example of programming concerning a change of scale and origin in the form of commented statements Itis also possible to specify the coordinates of the origin point of the mesh This is done using the keyword ORIGIN COORDINATES which specify 2 integers These 2 integers will be transmitted to the results file in the Serafin format for a use by post processors for superimposition of results with digital maps coordinates in meshes may be reduced to avoid large real numbers These 2 integers may also be used in subroutines under the names ORIG and 7 ORIG Otherwise they are n
102. ee VECTOR MASBAS in the MESURES subroutine The comparison data may also be provided by a file in Serafin format in which case the name is specified with the keyword REFERENCE FILE The data are read automatically in this case If the parameter is space dependent it is necessary to activate the logical keyword DEFINITION OF ZONES and to complete the DEF ZONES subroutine which assigns a zone number to each point In this case a parameter value will be estimated for each zone This value will be constant within the zone From the numerical point of view the user must specify a number of parameters December 2014 Page 54 Version 7 0 TELEMAC modelling system TELEMAC 2D User manual The cost function used must be indicated with the integer keyword COST FUNCTION which may have the value 1 cost function based on the difference between depths and velocities which is the default value or 2 cost function based on the difference between celerities and velocities 2 seems to be preferable even through the effect of this parameter is slight The integer keyword IDENTIFICATION METHOD is used to specify the technique used for minimizing the cost function It may have the value 1 gradient which is the default value 2 conjugate gradient or 3 Lagrangian interpolation As parameter estimation Is based on an iterative procedure it is necessary to specify the required level of accuracy and a maximu
103. es depending on the degree of smoothing required The keyword BOTTOM SMOOTHINGS then defines the Version 7 0 December 2014 Page 24 Version 7 0 TELEMAC modelling system TELEMAC 2D User manual number of iterations carried out in the CORFON subroutine The default value of this keyword is 0 see also programming of the CORFON subroutine in section 14 1 This smoothing preserves volumes 3 3 DYKES MODELLING Dikes representation requires special attention from the modeler To properly handle the flow behavior at the dikes level including the apparition of overflow phenomena it is necessary to provide a minimum discretization of the cross sections of these dikes As shown in the figure below this discretization should be based on a minimum of 5 points generally corresponding to 5 constraints lines in the mesh generation tool 2 points representing the base of the dike 2 points representing the ends of the upper level the dike and an extra point slightly above the middle of the dike This latter point allows when the sides of the dike are half wet to avoid the apparition of a parasitic flow over the dike if the water level at the highest point calculated by the tidal flat algorithms is not strictly zero Despite the care taken in meshing and the quality of the algorithms developed within TELEMAC 2D there is sometimes parasitic overflows over some dikes the presence of water on the crest of the dike whereas the sur
104. es of the TELEMAC 2D processing chain The syntaxes of this command are as follows telemac2d s D b n d time cl t case Note some options depends on the operating system used S When the computation is started in interactive mode generates a listing on the disk by default the listing is only displayed on screen cl Compile and link the user executable without starting the simulation D Compilation and execution using a debugger b Running in batch mode immediate start up n Running in deferred batch mode start up at 20h00 d Running in deferred batch mode start up at the specified time t Do not delete working directory after normal run case Name of steering file telemac2d h H short or long help December 2014 TELEMAC modelling system Page 115 TELEMAC 2D User manual Version 7 0 If no name for the steering file 1s indicated the procedure uses the name cas By default the procedure executes the computation in interactive mode and displays the check list on screen Examples telemac2d starts computation immediately in interactive mode using the cas steering file telemac2d b test2 starts computation immediately in batch mode using the test2 steering file telemac2d d 22 00 modtot starts computation at 22 00 the same evening in batch mode using the modtot steering file telemac2d n starts computation at 20 00 the same evening in batch mode using the cas steerin
105. eters In fact TELEMAC 2D will position a source at the closest mesh point to that specified by these keywords The program itself will determine the number of sources as a function of the number of values given to each keyword In parallel mode the sources must coincide exactly with one point of the mesh so this is recommended in all cases At each source the user must indicate the discharge and the value of the tracer if there is tracers The discharge is specified in m s using the keyword WATER DISCHARGE OF SOURCES and the value of the tracer by the keyword VALUES OF THE TRACERS AT THE SOURCES However if these two variables are time dependent the user can then program the two functions DEBSCE source discharge and TRSCE value of tracer at source It is also possible to use a specific file to define the time evolution of the sources the source file keyword SOURCES FILE This file has exactly the same structure as the one of the liquid boundary file An example is presented here with 2 sources and 2 tracers Between 2 given times the values are obtained by linear interpolation TIME DEPENDENT DISCHARGES AND TRACERS AT SOURCES 1 AND 2 T IS TIME Q 1 IS DISCHARGE AT SOURCE 1 Q 2 IS DISCHARGE AT SOURCE 2 TR 1 1 IS TRACER 1 AT SOURCE 1 TR 1 2 IS TRACER 2 AT SOURCE 1 TR 2 1 IS TRACER 1 AT SOURCE 2 TR 2 1 IS TRACER 2 AT SOURCE 2 T Q 1 TR 1 1 1 2 0 2
106. eyword VELOCITY DIFFUSIVITY has its real physical value 10 for molecular diffusion of water as this is used as such by the turbulence model In the case of a solid boundary the user may configure the turbulence regime for the walls using the keyword TURBULENCE MODEL FOR SOLID BOUNDARIES If friction at the wall is not to be taken into account the user must use the value corresponding to a smooth wall option 1 In contrast friction will be taken into account by using option 2 rough wall In this case the friction law used for the wall is the same as the bottom friction law keyword LAW OF BOTTOM FRICTION The friction coefficient is then supplied by the keyword ROUGHNESS COEFFICIENT OF BOUNDARIES This numerical value must of course be in agreement with the law chosen in appropriate units Ifa k Epsilon model is used the information concerning the solution phase must be obtained by activating the keyword INFORMATION ABOUT K EPSILON MODEL Parameter definition for the k Epsilon model is described in chapter 7 A good level of expertise in turbulence is necessary to use the k epsilon model especially to know when it is relevant to resort to it As a matter of fact the turbulence should be larger than the dispersion terms We quote here W Rodi It should be emphasized that the model described here does not account for the dispersion terms appearing in the depth averaged momentum equations December 2014 TELEMAC modelling system
107. f some meshers and corresponding types of boundary is given in appendix 5 4 2 12 TIDAL HARMONIC CONSTITUENTS DATABASES 4 2 12 1 GENERAL PARAMETERS Version 7 0 To prescribe the boundary conditions of a coastal boundary subject to tidal evolution it is generally necessary to have the information characterizing this phenomenon harmonic constants One of the most common cases is to use the information provided by large scale models 4 databases of harmonic constants are interfaced with TELEMAC 2D e the JMJ database resulting from the Atlantic coast TELEMAC model by Jean Marc JANIN e the global TPXO database and its regional and local variants from the OSU Oregon State University e theregional North East Atlantic atlas NEA and the global atlas FES e g FES2004 or FES2012 coming from the works of LEGOS Laboratoire d Etudes en G ophysique et Oc anographie Spatiales The PREVIMER atlases However it is important to note that in the current version of the code the latter 2 databases are not completely interfaced with TELEMAC 2D and their use is recommended only for advanced users The keyword OPTION FOR TIDAL BOUNDARY CONDITIONS activates the use of one of the available database when set to value 1 default value is 0 meaning that this function is not activated When this keyword is activated every boundary 15 treated using the prescribed algorithms except the boundaries with prescribed flow rate The database
108. f the maximum number of iterations authorized The name of this file is managed directly by the TELEMAC 2D start up procedure In general it has the name of the steering file and number of the process that ran the calculation associated with the suffix sortie 32 14 THE ANCILLARY FILES Other files may be used by TELEMAC 2D using these files will most often require an implementation in Fortran Details on their logical units in Fortran are given below 3 2 14 1 ANCILLARY FILES One or two binary data files specified by the keywords BINARY DATA FILE 1 and BINARY DATA FILE 2 These files can be used to provide data to the program with the user of course managing reading within the FORTRAN program logical units 24 and 25 One or two formatted data files specified by the keywords FORMATTED DATA FILE 1 and FORMATTED DATA FILE 2 These files can be used to provide data to the program with the user of course managing reading within the FORTRAN program logical units 26 and 27 A binary results file specified by the keyword BINARY RESULTS FILE This file can be used to store additional results for example the trajectories followed by floats when these are required Write operations on the file are managed by the user in the FORTRAN program logical unit 28 A formatted results file specified by the keyword FORMATTED RESULTS FILE This file can be used to store additional results for example results that can be used by a 1D simulation c
109. file and the keywords of the steering file do not use the keyword PRESCRIBED FLOWRATES if there are no boundary points with the LIUBOR and LIVBOR values set at 5 e Ifa boundary type is defined in the boundary condition file the corresponding keyword must be defined in the steering file e keywords PRESCRIBED if present supersede the data read in the boundary condition file December 2014 Page 32 TELEMAC modelling system TELEMAC 2D User manual e keyword the number of specified values must be equal to the total number of open boundaries If a boundary does not correspond to the specified keyword the value will be ignored for example the user can specify 0 0 in all cases In the examples in the introductory manual the first boundary downstream is with prescribed elevation and the second one upstream is with prescribed flowrate It is therefore necessary to specify in the steering file PRESCRIBED ELEVATIONS 265 0 0 0 PRESCRIBED FLOWRATES 0 0 500 0 4 2 5 PRESCRIBING VALUES BY PROGRAMMING FUNCTIONS OR USING THE OPEN BOUNDARIES FILE Values that vary in time but are constant along the open boundary in question are prescribed by using the open boundaries file or by programming a particular function which may be e Function VIT to prescribe a velocity e Function Q to prescribe a flowrate e Function SL to prescribe an elevation e Function TR to prescribe a tracer concentration see se
110. for maritime domains subject to tidal effects is to initialize the free surface with a value corresponding to high tide and the velocities with zero and then gradually empty the domain In the case of river domains two techniques are often used If the domain is relatively small 1 e the bed level does not vary much between upstream and downstream the computation can be initialized with constant elevations by setting the value that will be prescribed downstream of the computation domain as initial elevation Inflow is then gradually introduced from upstream This technique cannot be used if the model domain is very large as the initial elevation generally means that there will be a dry area upstream ofthe model In this case it 1s relatively easy in the CONDIN subroutine to initialize an elevation with a tilted plane the value of the elevation is proportional to the X or Y values and to introduce the nominal inflow progressively Another possibility is to use the free surface initialization implemented in FUDAA PREPRO This function offers the possibility to specify in a very easy way a free surface slope defined by a longitudinal profile prescribed as a set of points December 2014 TELEMAC modelling system Page 109 TELEMAC 2D User manual 16 3 NUMERICAL PARAMETER DEFINITION 16 3 1 TYPE OF ADVECTION Taking into account the recent improvement of TELEMAC 2D in this domain the following configuration can practically be considered
111. formation about the configuration of the bottom friction when this configuration is complex The stage discharge curves file which gives information on the open boundaries where the characteristics are prescribed according to specific elevation flowrate laws The sources file containing information about the sources The sections input file which contains the description of the control sections of the model sections across which the flowrate is computed The oil spill steering file which contains all the parameters necessary to the simulation of an oil spill event See section 12 3 for more details December 2014 TELEMAC modelling system Page 13 TELEMAC 2D User manual e The tidal model file which contains data used for tide simulation See section 4 2 12 for more details ASCII tidal database file e The binary tidal database 1 and 2 files e The weirs file which contains all needed parameters related to weirs The culvert data file e tubes or bridges data file e The breaches data files which contains the characteristics of the breaches initiation and growth See section 13 4 e The drogues file which contains the parameters for drogues creation and release See section 12 1 e The zones file which contains the description of friction zones or any other zones e The water quality steering file which contains the parameters used by the newly added water quality module of TELEMAC 2D This feature is
112. formulae used to calculate the discharge for each point are the following 3 e Unsubmerged weir Q u 2g upstream threshold 2 Submerged weir 2 T Q B ud 2g downstream threshold upstream threshold 3 e The weir is not submerged if threshold level 2 upstream level upstream level 3 Depending on the shape and roughness of the weir the value of 44 is between 0 4 and 0 5 However the above formulae neglect the velocity of the upstream head in the computation If this is not the case the value of 44 may be higher If the user wants to modify the different laws it is possible to modify the appropriate subroutines LOIDEN f and LOINOY f 13 2 CULVERTS As for weirs the keyword NUMBER OF CULVERTS specifies the number of culverts to be treated Culverts are described as couples of points between which flow may occur as a function of the respective water level at these points Since release 6 2 of TELEMAC 2D it is no longer necessary to describe each culvert inflow and outflow as a source point Information about culvert characteristics is stored in the CULVERT DATA FILE The following file gives an example of a culvert Relaxation Number of siphons Version 7 0 December 2014 TELEMAC modelling system Page 97 TELEMAC 2D User manual 0 2 1 I1 I2 dl 2 CEL CE2 CSI CS2 512 112 21 22 al 2 531 560 4905 0 5 20 52 120 1 0 20 072270580 uL 720 290 The relaxat
113. g file The following operations are carried out using this script e Creation of a temporary directory e ofthe dictionary and steering file in this directory e Execution of DAMOCLES software in order to determine the name of the workfiles e Creation of the script to start the computation e Allocation of files e Compilation of the FORTRAN file and link if necessary e Start of the computation e Restitution of the results files and destruction of the temporary directory Procedure operation differs slightly depending on the options used A detailed description of this procedure may be obtained by using the command telemac2d H December 2014 Appendix 2 Page 116 TELEMAC modelling system TELEMAC 2D User manual APPENDIX 2 LIST OF USER SUBROUTINES List of subroutines that can be included in the Fortran file and modified by user BIEF VALIDA Validation of a computation BORD Imposition of particular boundary conditions CONDIN Imposition of particular initial conditions CORFON Modification of bottom elevations CORPOR Modification of porosity CORRXY Modification of mesh coordinates CORSTR Space dependent friction coefficient CORVIS Modification of viscosities DEBSCE Time dependent tracer source flow rates function DEF ZONES Definition of zones DRAGFO Definition of vertical structures FLOT Initial position of drogues FLUXPR Management of control sect
114. gram additional degradation law by adding if necessary complementary keywords e g COEFFICIENT 2 FOR LAW OF TRACERS DEGRADATION Version 7 0 December 2014 Page 74 Version 7 0 TELEMAC modelling system TELEMAC 2D User manual 10 SECONDARY CURRENTS In a curved channel the flow experiences a radial acceleration and centrifugal forces act in proportion to the mean velocity In turn the surface of the water is tilted radially on the outer bank to produce a super elevation sufficient to create a pressure gradient to balance the average centrifugal force At shallower depths the centrifugal force exceeds the pressure force whence the resultant force drives the fluid outwards TELEMAC 2D allows to take into account the effect of these secondary currents To activate this key word SECONDARY CURRENTS must be set to TRUE default FALSE User can also manage some coefficients used in the resolved equation see release note 7 0 for theoretical aspects and for more details For instance the production term in the advection diffusion equation depends linearly on a coefficient As which can be calibrated using key word PRODUCTION COEFFICIENT FOR SECONDARY CURRENTS default 7 071 In the same way the dissipation part can be modified by varying the coefficient Ads using key word DISSIPATION COEFFICIENT FOR SECONDARY CURRENTS default 0 5 An example of use of the secondary currents is given in the validation case SECCURRENTS in folder exam
115. he inertia effect of the Coriolis force This is done by activating the logical keyword CORIOLIS which has the default value NO In this case the value of the Coriolis coefficient see Formulation Document is supplied by the keyword CORIOLIS COEFFICIENT This must be calculated in accordance with the latitude 1 by the formula FCOR 2 o sin A being the angular velocity of the Earth equal to 7 27 x 10 rad s The components of the Coriolis force are thus FU FCORxV et FV FCOR x U December 2014 TELEMAC modelling system Page 53 TELEMAC 2D User manual Version 7 0 In the case of very large domains such as portions of oceans it is necessary to carry out a simulation with spherical coordinates in which case the Coriolis coefficient is adjusted automatically at each point of the domain see 14 3 TELEMAC 2D also offers the possibility of defining the water density keyword WATER DENSITY the default value is 1020 kg m i e a value corresponding to a moderately saline sea water and gravity acceleration keyword GRAVITY ACCELERATION fixed by default at 9 81 m s 6 8 PARAMETER ESTIMATION TELEMAC 2D contains a function for automatically determining an unknown physical parameter In the current version of the software it is only possible to determine the friction coefficient when using the Strickler or Ch zy laws keyword LAW OF BOTTOM FRICTION with value of 2 or 3 The principle for determining a parameter involves
116. he key words WEIR REAERATION COEFFICIENT RS and FORMULA FOR COMPUTING RS which can have 5 options see K El Kadi Abderrezzak 2012 for theoretical details o 0 RS is constant in this case RS is given by WEIR REAERATION COEFFICIENT RS default 1 1 formula of Gameson 1 2 formula of Gameson 2 3 formula of WRLI 4 formula of WRL2 Version 7 0 December 2014 Page 80 TELEMAC modelling system TELEMAC 2D User manual 11 3 2 2 ORGANIC LOAD L The evolution of the organic load density L in time is assumed to be with a first order law F L Ki L Where is a constant that describes the kinetic of degradation of the organic load It is given using the key word CONSTANT OF DEGRADATION OF ORGANIC LOAD KI default 0 25 per day The organic load is mgO2 I 11 3 2 3 AMMONIACAL LOAD ammoniacal load NH4 which is also consuming oxygen has a density varying in time with a first order law given by F NH4 K4 NH4 Where K4 is a constant of nitrification kinetic It is given by CONSTANT OF NITRIFICATION KINETIC K4 default 0 35 In this module K4 is assumed to be constant and independent of remaining variables 11 3 2 4 FINAL SOURCE TERMS The oxygen density is varying under the influence of sources with respect to the following law BEN F 0 K2 Cs 05D Ki L K NH P R h 11 3 2 5 EXAMPLE OF STEERING FILE To activate the water quality module we give her
117. he other hand are equal in 2 dimensions they are not in 3D To deal with time scheme keyword SCHEME OPTION FOR ADVECTION OF VELOCITY default 1 for explicit scheme gives the possibility to use a predictor corrector scheme option 2 This keyword is useful only with PSI scheme NOTES e if present the keyword SCHEME OPTION FOR ADVECTION OF VELOCITY replaces and has priority over the following keywords OPTIONS FOR CHARACTERISTICS and SUPG OPTION Version 7 0 December 2014 Page 58 Version 7 0 TELEMAC modelling system TELEMAC 2D User manual e The same remark are valid for advection of tracer k and epsilon However there are dedicated keywords See sections 9 and 6 2 When using the finite volume scheme the keyword FINITE VOLUME SCHEME specifies the type of scheme used The available possibilities are e 0 Roe scheme e l Kinetic order 1 default value e 2 Kinetic order 2 e 3 7 scheme order 1 4 Tchamen scheme order 1 5 Harten Lax Leer Contact scheme It is one the most frequently used scheme in the literature It is a first order scheme in time and space 6 WAF Weighted Average Flux scheme It is an improvement of the previous scheme It is a second order scheme in time and space For more details about this scheme see Ata R 2013 The keyword NEWMARK TIME INTEGRATION COEFFICIENT default 1 gives the possibility to improve time integration in order to reach second
118. he propagation step default value 100 The user may obtain information on the solvers by activating the keywords INFORMATION ABOUT SOLVER and if the k Epsilon turbulence model is used INFORMATION ABOUT K EPSILON MODEL This information is provided in the listing printout and may be of the following two types Either the process has converged before reaching the maximum permissible number of iterations and in this case TELEMAC 2D provides the number of iterations actually run and the accuracy achieved Or the process has not converged quickly enough TELEMAC 2D then displays the message MAXIMUM NUMBER OF ITERATIONS REACHED and the accuracy actually achieved In certain cases and if the number of iterations is already positioned at a high value e g more than 120 the convergence may still be improved by decreasing the time step or by modifying the mesh 7 3 4 CONTINUITY CORRECTION Residual mass errors of the order of a few percent may appear when using boundary conditions with imposed depth case of a river downstream Indeed the continuity equation 1s not solved for these points and is replaced by the equation depth imposed value Therefore the resultant discharge is not properly computed and leads to error The keyword CONTINUITY CORRECTION helps in correcting the velocity at these points so that the overall continuity is verified This correction has enabled the error to be divided by as much as 1000 7 3 5 PRECONDITIONING
119. he rain with the keyword VALUES OF TRACERS IN THE RAIN default value is 0 It is important to note that in the case of evaporation no tracer is taken into account in the water loss which is incorrect if the tracer 1s the temperature 6 4 ASTRAL POTENTIAL When modelling large maritime areas it is sometimes necessary to take into account the effect of astral forces generating tide inside the area For this the user has several keywords at his disposal First of all the logical keyword TIDE GENERATING FORCE default value NO allows these phenomena to be taken into account The keyword LONGITUDE OF ORIGIN POINT must be positioned at the right value Lastly the two keywords ORIGINAL DATE OF TIME format YYYY MM DD and ORIGINAL HOUR OF TIME format HH MM SS must be used to give the beginning time of the simulation This information is necessary for TELEMAC 2D to compute the respective position of the moon and the sun 6 5 WAVE INDUCED CURRENTS We describe here the chaining procedure A more dynamic solution coupling is described in section 14 8 and should be preferred It is possible to include wave induced currents by recovering the information calculated by the wave propagation modules essentially TOMAWAC but also possible with ARTEMIS In the December 2014 Page 52 Version 7 0 TELEMAC modelling system TELEMAC 2D User manual present state of the system only a steady state can be taken into account The procedur
120. he steering file e g telemac2d py ncsize 4 cas txt will run TELEMAC 2D on 4 processors Version 7 0 December 2014 Page 108 Version 7 0 TELEMAC modelling system TELEMAC 2D User manual 16 RECOMMENDATIONS The purpose of this chapter is to provide the user with advice on using the software 16 1 MESH Certain precautions need to be taken when constructing the mesh The following list should help but it is not of course exhaustive liquid boundary should consist of at least 5 points with 10 being preferable e Inthe case of a river mesh and in particular for simulations of low flow periods it is essential to refine the elements in the low water bed so as to ensure at least 3 4 points for conveying the flow If this rule is not followed the results will be of poor quality In this case it is possible to build the mesh of the low water bed using regular gridding available in most of mesh generators e Indomains with steep gradients in the topography or bathymetry the slope mesh must be refined if the current is not tangential to it e Itis preferable for triangles to be as nearly equilateral as possible as this type of element gives the best results However in the case of river meshes it is sometimes interesting to elongate the grid cells in the direction of the current in order to reduce the number of computation points and hence the simulation time 16 2 INITIAL CONDITIONS The technique most commonly used
121. hnique was used automatically in the previous versions of the software and is now configurable as an option with the keyword C U PRECONDITIONING The default value is YES This technique is very useful in sea modelling but not in river modelling It is not activated with the wave equation 7 4 COURANT NUMBER MANAGEMENT During a model simulation the Courant number value number of grid cells crossed by a water particle during a time step considerably influences the quality of the results Irrespective of numerical schemes with a stability condition on the Courant number experience shows that result quality decreases if the Courant number is above 7 or 8 Yet it is not so easy to estimate the value of the Courant number especially in sea models with a large tidal range To help TELEMAC 2D allows the user to check the Courant number during computation the software automatically executes intermediate time steps so that the Courant number keeps below a given value This function is activated using the keyword VARIABLE TIME STEPS Default value NO and the maximum Courant number value can be specified using the keyword DESIRED COURANT NUMBER default value 1 It should be stressed that when a variable time step is used sampling from the results file and control listing is no longer regular in time as it depends directly on the time step value 7 5 TIDAL FLATS TELEMAC 2D offers several processing options for tidal flat areas First of al
122. ill produce a listing printout every minute of simulation Moreover irrespective of the period indicated by the user the last time step is systematically printed LISTING PRINTOUT this cancels the listing printout if the value is NO the listing printout then only contains the program heading and normal end indication However this is not advisable in any circumstances VARIABLES TO BE PRINTED this 1s used to specify the list of variables for which all values will be printed at each mesh point This is a debugging option offered by TELEMAC 2D that should be handled with caution so as to avoid creating an excessively large listing printout MASS BALANCE if this is required the user will have information on the mass fluxes or rather volumes in the domain at each printed time step INFORMATION ABOUT SOLVER if this is required at each printed time step the user will have the number of iterations necessary to achieve the accuracy required during solving of the discretized equations or by default that reached at the end of the maximum number of iterations authorized INFORMATION ABOUT K EPSILON MODEL if this is required at each printed time step the user will have the number of iterations necessary to achieve the accuracy required during December 2014 Page 22 TELEMAC modelling system TELEMAC 2D User manual computation of the diffusion and source terms of the k Epsilon transport equations or by default that reached at the end o
123. ing process and the maximum number of iterations permissible to prevent the computation from entering unending loops if the required accuracy is not achieved Accuracy is specified with the following keywords e SOLVER ACCURACY defines the accuracy required during solution of the propagation step default value 107 ACCURACY FOR DIFFUSION OF TRACERS defines the accuracy required during the computation of tracer diffusion default value 10 e ACCURACY OF EPSILON defines the accuracy required during the computation of diffusion and source terms step of the turbulent dissipation transport equations default value 10 e ACCURACY OF K defines the accuracy required during the diffusion and source terms step of the turbulent energy transport equation default value 10 The maximum number of iterations is specified with the following keywords MAXIMUM NUMBER OF ITERATIONS FOR K AND EPSILON defines the maximum permissible number of iterations when solving the diffusion and source terms step of the k Epsilon transport equations default value 50 Version 7 0 December 2014 TELEMAC modelling system Page 63 TELEMAC 2D User manual Version 7 0 MAXIMUM NUMBER OF ITERATIONS FOR DIFFUSION OF TRACERS defines the maximum permissible number of iterations when solving the tracers diffusion step default value 60 MAXIMUM NUMBER OF ITERATIONS FOR SOLVER defines the maximum permissible number of iterations when solving t
124. ins a number of keywords to which values are assigned All keywords are defined in a dictionary file which is specific to each simulation module If a keyword is not contained in this file TELEMAC 2D will assign it the default value defined in the dictionary file of in the appropriate Fortran subroutine see description in section 3 2 15 If such a default value is not defined in the dictionary file the computation will stop with an error message For example the command TIME STEP 10 enables the user to specify that the computational time step is 10 seconds December 2014 TELEMAC modelling system Page 15 TELEMAC 2D User manual TELEMAC 2D reads the steering file at the beginning of the computation The dictionary file and steering file are read by a utility called DAMOCLES which is included in TELEMAC Because of this when the steering file is being created it is necessary to comply with the rules of syntax used in DAMOCLES They are briefly described below The rules of syntax are the following e The keywords may be of Integer Real Logical or Character type e order of keywords in the steering file is of no importance e Eachline is limited to 72 characters However it is possible to pass from one line to the next as often as required provided that the name of the keyword is not split between two lines e For keywords of the array type the separator between two values is the semi colon It is not necessary
125. ion coefficient is initially used to prescribe the discharge the culvert on a progressive basis in order to avoid the formation of an eddy Relaxation at T time between result computed at time T and result computed at previous time step A relaxation coefficient of 0 2 means that 2096 of time T result is mixed with 8096 of the previous result I1 and I2 are the numbers of each end of the culvert in the global point numbering system The culvert discharge 1s given by the following formula with flow going from 1 to 2 0 8 28 upstream level downstream level 5 CS SCE L gt S12 is the cross section of the pipe CS and CS are the head loss coefficients of 1 and 2 when they are operating as outlets CE and CE are the head loss coefficients of 1 and 2 when they are operating as L inlets Li is the linear head loss coefficient generally equal to A D where L is the length of the pipe D its diameter and 1 the friction coefficient 71 and 72 are the levels of the tapers and a are the angles that the pipe makes with respect to the bottom in degrees For a vertical intake the angle with the bottom will therefore be 90 d and d are the angles with respect to the x axis They are used to account for the current direction at source or sink point that or not normal to bottom 13 3 TUBES Tubes allow to model construction works that are likely to switch from free surface flow to close conduit flow during the sim
126. ion type When simulations call for high capacity computers and in the absence of a super computer it may be useful to run the computations on multi processor or multi core computers or clusters of workstations A parallel version of TELEMAC 2D is available for use with this type of computer architecture The parallel version of TELEMAC 2D uses the MPI library which must therefore be installed beforehand The interface between TELEMAC 2D and the MPI library is the parallel library common to all modules of the TELEMAC system in folder sources utils parallel Informations on the use of the parallel version is given in the system installation documents Initially the user must specify the number of processors used by means of the keyword PARALLEL PROCESSORS The keyword may have the following values e 0 Use of the classical version of TELEMAC 2D e 1 Use of the parallel version of TELEMAC 2D with one processor e Use of the parallel version of TELEMAC 2D with the specified number of processors here N it can work also just for testing on a single processor Domain decomposition and results file combination operations are now automatic and handled completely by the start up procedure Parallel machines are eventually configured by a single file see system installation document Note that for python version of TELEMAC number of processors is given as an argument for the launching command and not as a hard coded keyword in t
127. ions LAGRAN Lagrangian drifts LATITU Computation of variables depending on latitude MASKOB Masking of elements MESURES Reading of measurement data METEO Atmospheric conditions wind pressure NOMVAR TELEMAC2D Definition of names of additional variables PRERES TELEMAC2D Computation of additional variables Version 7 0 December 2014 TELEMAC modelling system Appendix 2 Page 117 TELEMAC 2D User manual PROPIN TELEMAC2D Change of the type of boundary conditions Q Imposition of a time dependent boundary flowrate function SL Imposition of a time dependent boundary free surface elevation function STRCHE Space dependent friction coefficient TR Imposition of a time dependent boundary tracer value function TRSCE Imposition of time dependent tracer values at the sources function VIT Imposition of a time dependent boundary velocity function VUSCE Variable velocity along X of a source function VVSCI Variable velocity along Y of a source function Version 7 0 December 2014 Appendix 3 Page 118 TELEMAC modelling system TELEMAC 2D User manual APPENDIX 3 DESCRIPTION OF SERAFIN FILE STANDARD This is a binary file The records are listed below 1 record containing the title of the study 72 characters and a 8 characters string indicating the type of format SERAFIN or SERAFIND 1 record containing the two integers NBV 1 and NBV 2 number of linear and qua
128. ky that varies during the day function of time So far this flux is considered constant in space For more real cases user is invited to use the heat exchange module in folder sources telemac3d A sun ray flux varying in space common between TELEMAC 2D and TELEMAC 3D will be implemented in next releases 11 3 3 2 ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION RA The atmospheric radiation RA is estimated with meteorological data collected at the ground level It takes into account energy exchanges with the ground water and energy exchanges with the underground etc In this module RA is estimated mainly by the air temperature like Where eai 1s a calibrating coefficient given the key word COEFFICIENTS FOR CALIBRATING RA e o T 27345 1 44 air ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION default 0 75 o is the constant of Stefan Boltzmann 5 67 1075 Wm K Tair is air temperature given in the meteo file k is coefficient that represents the nature of clouds it has a mean value of 0 2 key word COEFFICIENT OF CLOUDING RATE However it varies like indicated in the following table Type de nuage gH Cirrus Altocumulus Altostratus 11 3 8 3 FREE SURFACE RADIATION RE The available water is assumed to be a grey body Radiation generated by this grey body through the free surface is given by Version 7 0 December 2014 TELEMAC modelling system Page 83 TELEMAC 2D User manual RE e o T 273 15 where Teau is the mean water temperature in
129. l if the user is sure that the model will contain no tidal flats throughout the simulation these may be deactivated by assigning NO to the keyword TIDAL FLATS the default value is YES This may mean that computational time can be saved Tidal flats can be processed in three different ways and several possibilities are offered concerning the treatment of negative depths e Inthe first case the tidal flats are detected and the free surface gradient is corrected e Inthe second case the tidal flat areas are removed from the computation Exposed elements still form part of the mesh but any contributions they make to the computations are cancelled by a so called masking table The data structure and the computations are thus formally the same to within the value of the masking coefficient However in this case mass conservation may be slightly altered e Inthe third case processing is done in the same way as in the first case but a porosity term 15 added to half dry elements Consequently the quantity of water is changed and is no longer December 2014 Page 66 Version 7 0 TELEMAC modelling system TELEMAC 2D User manual equal to the depth integral over the entire domain but to the depth integral multiplied by the porosity The user can modify the porosity value determined by the processing in the CORPOR subroutine The type of processing is chosen with the keyword OPTION FOR THE TREATMENT OF TIDAL FLATS which may have a value of
130. ling system TELEMAC 2D User manual TURBULENCE MODEL FOR SOLID BOUNDARIES 42 Turbulent viscosity 5 TYPE OF ADVECTION 51 66 103 TYPE OF SOURCE 63 UBOR 24 29 UD 47 Unsubmerged weir 90 Upwind explicit finite volume 51 VALIDA 97 VALIDATING A COMPUTATION 97 VALIDATION 98 Validation Document 2 VALUES OF THE TRACERS AT THE SOURCES 62 VALUES OF TRACERS IN THE RAIN 45 VARIABLE TIME STEPS 59 VARIABLES FOR GRAPHIC PRINTOUTS 14 87 96 VARIABLES TO BE PRINTED 15 20 VBOR 24 29 VD 47 VELOCITIES OF THE SOURCES ALONG X 62 VELOCITIES OF THE SOURCES ALONG Y 62 VELOCITY DIFFUSIVITY 41 42 VELOCITY PROFILES 22 29 VERTICAL Structures 46 VERTICAL STRUCTURES 46 VIT 22 26 29 VUSCE 62 VVSCE 63 WATER DENSITY 47 WATER DISCHARGE OF SOURCES 62 WAVE DRIVEN CURRENTS 46 wave equation 51 55 WAVE INDUCED CURRENTS 45 Weirs 89 WIND 43 WIND VELOCITY ALONG X 43 WIND VELOCITY ALONG Y 43 X 11 11 ZONE NUMBER IN GEOGRAPHIC SYSTEM 34 December 2014
131. lly stopping the computation e Stopping when reaching a steady state With this function it is possible to start a computation simulate a transient flow and stop the computation when a steady state is reached The last time step in the results file created in this way can be used as an initial state for other computations e g tracer transport The test is triggered by indicating YES for the logical keyword STOP IF A STEADY STATE IS REACHED It is then possible to define the permissible area of tolerance using the keyword STOP CRITERIA This keyword is a table of three real numbers representing the tolerance assigned to the velocity depth and tracer The computation is stopped when the absolute increment values of these variables between two time steps at all nodes are below the limits indicated Assessing the right criterion depends on the case under study It should be stressed however that this function is inoperative in the case of fundamentally non stationary flows such as Karman eddies behind bridge piers December 2014 Page 42 Version 7 0 TELEMAC modelling system TELEMAC 2D User manual e Stopping in cases of divergence This function is used to interrupt a computation if there is divergence The principle is the same as in the previous case The option is activated with the keyword CONTROL OF LIMITS The extreme values are indicated with the keyword LIMIT VALUES This is a table of 8 real numbers corresponding successi
132. lverts 90 DAMOCLES 9 DEBSCE 62 DEBUGGER 7 DECLARATION TELEMAC2D 2 DEF ZONES 39 47 DEFINITION OF ZONES 39 47 DELWAQ 8 99 DENSITY EFFECTS 64 DENSITY OF ALGAE 81 DEPTH IN FRICTION TERMS 40 DESIRED COURANT NUMBER 59 DIAMETER OF ALGAE 81 DIAMETER OF ROUGHNESS ELEMENT 40 dictionary file 17 diffusion 5 DIFFUSION OF TRACERS 66 DIFFUSION OF VELOCITY 50 DIFSOU 63 DISCRETIZATIONS IN SPACE 49 DRAGFO 46 DROGUE DISPLACEMENTS 79 DROGUES FILE 79 81 83 DURATION 35 Elder model 42 ELEMENTS MASKED BY USER 31 equations 5 EQUATIONS 49 105 FILPOL 97 FINITE VOLUME SCHEME 52 FLUXPR 37 FORMATTED DATA FILE 20 Version 7 0 Appendix 5 Page 127 FORMATTED DATA FILE 1 16 89 90 91 FORMATTED DATA FILE 2 16 FORMATTED RESULTS FILE 16 Fortran 90 2 FORTRAN file 6 FORTRAN FILE 12 Fortran user file 12 FOURIER ANALYSIS PERIODS 99 FREE SURFACE GRADIENT COMPATIBILITY 50 55 103 FRICTION COEFFICIENT 39 FRICTION DATA 13 friction data file 6 FRICTION DATA FILE 13 FRICTION PARAMETER DEFINITION 39 FUDAA PREPRO 8 12 23 GENERAL PARAMETER DEFINITION FOR THE COMPUTATION 35 GEOGRAPHIC SYSTEM 34 geometry file 6 GEOMETRY FILE 11 GEOMETRY FILE FORMAT 11 GMRES 56 103 GRAPHIC PRINTOUT PERIOD 14 GRAVITY ACCELERATION 47 H CLIPPING 60 105 HARMONIC CONSTANTS FILE 33 HBOR 24 HD 47 Hervouet 5 I ORIG 95 IDENTIFICATION METHOD 48 IKLE
133. ly implicitation for height was still imposed to 1 As a result the transition from one version to another can provide different results if the parameter file is not updated For example if a calculation has been performed in version 6 0 using the wave equation the parameter file must be adapted in the following way to get the same results e Inversion 6 1 TREATMENT OF LINEAR SYSTEM 2 IMPLICITATION FOR VELOCITY 1 0 e From version 6 2 on TREATMENT OF LINEAR SYSTEM 2 IMPLICITATION FOR VELOCITY 1 0 IMPLICITATION FOR DEPTH 1 0 When solving the linearized system A X B TELEMAC 2D offers the possibility of mass lumping on the mass matrices Mh for depth M and M for velocity involved in computing the matrices AMI for depth and AM2 and AM3 for velocity This technique means bringing some or all of the matrix on to the diagonal and enables computation times to be shortened considerably However the solution obtained is more smoothed The rate of mass lumping is fixed with the keywords MASS LUMPING ON H MASS LUMPING ON VELOCITY The value 1 indicates maximum mass lumping the mass matrices are diagonal and the value 0 default value corresponds to normal processing without mass lumping As the mass lumping is applied only on time derivatives it does not change steady state results Version 7 0 December 2014 Page 60 Version 7 0 TELEMAC modelling system TELEMAC 2D User manual 7 2 1 CONFIGURATION OF SUPG SCHEME Whe
134. m number of iterations Accuracy 1s indicated with the keyword TOLERANCES FOR IDENTIFICA TION This is an array of four integers corresponding respectively to the absolute accuracy for the depth velocity u and velocity v and the relative accuracy of the cost function default values 1 E 3 1 E 3 1 E 3 1 E 4 The iteration process is stopped when the absolute accuracy levels are reached or when the relative accuracy for the cost function is The maximum number of iterations is specified with the keyword MAXIMUM NUMBER OF ITERATIONS FOR IDENTIFICATION which has the default value 20 As each iteration corresponds to two simulations the value of this keyword must not be too high The results of estimating this parameter are provided in the results file This is a geometry file in which the FRICTION variable has been added The file can thus be reused as a geometry file for a new simulation December 2014 TELEMAC modelling system Page 55 TELEMAC 2D User manual 7 NUMERICAL PARAMETER DEFINITION 7 1 GENERAL PARAMETER DEFINITION First it is necessary to specify the type of equation to be solved The choice is made by using the EQUATIONS keyword which can take the following values e SAINT VENANT FE default value e SAINT VENANT e BOUSSINESQ The first option involves solving the Saint Venant equations using the finite element method This is the traditional use of TELEMAC 2D The second option involves solving
135. me information is supplied by the three keywords TIME STEP real NUMBER OF TIME STEPS integer and DURATION The first defines the time separating two consecutive instants of the computation but not necessarily two withdrawals from the results file The total duration of the computation may be supplied by means of a number of time steps keyword NUMBER OF TIME STEPS or in the form of a total simulation period expressed in seconds keyword DURATION In the former case the total duration is obviously equal to the time step value multiplied by the number of time steps If a steering file contains the keywords DURATION and NUMBER OF TIME STEPS TELEMAC 2D uses the one that produces the longer simulation In addition if the keyword DURATION is used and does not correspond to a whole number of time steps TELEMAC 2D will take the integer immediately higher The date and hour corresponding to the initial state of the computation are supplied by the keywords ORIGINAL DATE OF TIME YYYY MM DD and ORIGINAL HOUR OF TIME HH MM SS This is particularly important if the tide generating forces are taken into account see 6 5 and are generally necessary when using when using tidal harmonic constituents databases The title of the computation is specified by the keyword TITLE 5 1 CRITERIA FOR STOPPING A COMPUTATION Independently of normal time indications number of time steps and time step value TELEMAC 2D offers two possibilities for conditiona
136. n In the case of tracers the identification uses a 2 index mnemonic TR b t with b providing the rank of the boundary and t the number of the tracer This line is followed by another indicating the unit of the variables e The values to be prescribed are provided by a succession of lines that must have a format consistent with the identification line The time value must increase and the last time value provided must be the same as or greater than the corresponding value at the last time step of the simulation If not the calculation will stop When TELEMAC 2D reads this file it makes a linear interpolation in order to calculate the value to be prescribed at a particular time step The value actually prescribed by the code is printed in the control printout An example of an open boundaries file is given below Example of open boundaries file 2 boundaries managed T 0 1 SL 2 S m3 s m 0 0 135 0 25 15 135 2 100 20 136 500 20 136 Note Up to version 7 0 it is necessary to have the corresponding keywords PRESCRIBED to trigger the use of the liquid boundary file Version 7 0 December 2014 Page 34 Version 7 0 TELEMAC modelling system TELEMAC 2D User manual 4 2 6 STAGE DISCHARGE CURVE Itis possible to manage a boundary where the prescribed value of the elevation is a function of the local discharge This is particularly useful for river application In the model these boundaries must
137. n the SUPG method is being used the user must fix the type of upwind scheme required with the keyword SUPG OPTION which like the keyword TYPE OF ADVECTION 18 a table of 4 integers relating in order to the velocities depth tracer and k Epsilon model The possible values are the following e 0 No upwind scheme e 1 Upwind scheme with the classic SUPG method i e upwind scheme 1 e 2 Upwind scheme with the modified SUPG method i e upwinding equal to the Courant number In principle option 2 is more accurate when the Courant number is less than 1 but must not be used for large Courant numbers Thus option 2 can be used only for models in which the Courant number is very low If the Courant number cannot be estimated it is strongly recommended to use option 1 which can be considered as more universal The configuration of the SUPG method concerns option 2 of the keyword TYPE OF ADVECTION December 2014 TELEMAC modelling system Page 61 TELEMAC 2D User manual Version 7 0 7 3 SOLVING THE LINEAR SYSTEM 7 3 1 TYPE OF PROCESSING When processing the linear system it is possible to replace the original equations by a generalized wave equation obtained by eliminating the velocity from the continuity equation using a value obtained from the momentum equation This technique is much faster The keyword used is TREATMENT OF THE LINEAR SYSTEM The keyword may have the value 1 original primitive equations which is th
138. nch tidal coefficient approximately equal 110 mean spring tide French tidal coefficient approximately equal 95 mean tide French tidal coefficient approximately equal 70 exceptional neap tide French tidal coefficient approximately equal to 30 2 3 4 e 5 mean tide French tidal coefficient approximately equal to 45 6 7 real tide before 2010 methodology In the case of options 2 to 6 the boundary conditions are imposed so that the reference tide is approximately respected However it is usually necessary to wait for the second or third modelled tide in order to overcome the transitional phase of start up of the model It is also necessary to warn the user that the French tidal coefficients shown are approximate During a simulation data contained in the tidal database are interpolated on boundary points When using the JMJ database this spatial interpolation can be time consuming 1f the number of boundary points is important and is not yet available in case of parallel computing It is therefore possible to generate a file containing harmonic constituents specific to the model treated The principle is at a first step to perform a calculation on a single time step whose only goal is to extract the necessary information and to generate a file containing for each boundary point of the model the harmonic decomposition of the tidal signal Subsequent calculations directly use that specific file rather than direc
139. nt DROGUES FILE see section 12 1 4 TELEMACC2D offers the possibility to introduce a stochastic diffusion coefficient When setting the key word STOCHASTIC DIFFUSION MODEL 1 default 0 a stochastic model will generate stochastically a diffusion coefficient which is computed using the turbulent viscosity If no turbulence is activated this stochastic diffusion is not considered during the particle transport Version 7 0 December 2014 Page 86 Version 7 0 TELEMAC modelling system TELEMAC 2D User manual 12 1 3 FORTRAN FILE Once the number of released drogues has been defined in the steering file subroutine FLOT is used to define their positions and time of release This is done by using the variable LT which is the iteration step This variable is used to release particles at a specific time The subroutine ADD PARTICLE is then used to set the initial values of variables XFLOT YFLOT and TAGFLOT which are the two dimensional position components and an identifier of the particle An example of these changes can be found in subroutine FLOT sources telemac2d See also section 12 3 Modifications to subroutine FLOT e Use LT to define when to release particles e Call ADD PARTICLE to define XFLOT YFLOT and TAGFLOT 12 1 4 OUTPUT FILE Besides the classic result file TELEMAC 2D produces a specific output file for drogues It is given by the key word DROGUES FILE This file is a formatted file created by TELEM
140. nt In this case it is better to cancel the velocities on the first and last points of the boundary as shown on the following figure Liquid segments Fig 2 Good prescription of velocity profile December 2014 TELEMAC modelling system Page 37 TELEMAC 2D User manual 4 2 9 THOMPSON BOUNDARY CONDITIONS In some cases not all the necessary information concerning the boundary conditions is available This is usual for coastal domains where only the values of the sea level on several points are known This kind of model is referred to as an under constrained model To solve this problem the Thompson method uses the theory of characteristics to calculate the missing values For example TELEMAC 2D will compute the velocity at the boundary in the case of a prescribed elevation This method can also be used for over constrained models In this case the user specifies too much information at the boundary If the velocity information and the level information are not consistent the Thompson technique computes new values that will comply with the theory of characteristics For this the user can use the keyword OPTION FOR LIQUID BOUNDARIES which offers two values the user must specify one value for each open boundary e strong setting e 2 Thompson method Taking a simplified view it may be said that in the case of the first option the values are imposed in the case of the second option the values ar
141. nt viscosity model and in this way increases computation time The fourth involves a Smagorinski model generally used for maritime domains with large scale eddy phenomena More detailed information on the formulation of the k Epsilon model the Elder model and the Smagorinski model can be found in the literature In addition TELEMAC 2D offers two possibilities for processing the diffusion term The option is selected by the keyword OPTION FOR THE DIFFUSION OF VELOCITIES which can take the value 1 default or 2 The first value selects a computation with the form div 9 grad U and the second one with the form div 9 grad U This latter option is the only one offering good mass conservation but difficulties may occur with tidal flats 6 2 1 CONSTANT VISCOSITY The first possibility is activated by giving the keyword TURBULENCE MODEL the value 1 default value Turbulent viscosity is then constant throughout the domain The overall viscosity coefficient molecular turbulent viscosity is provided with the keyword VELOCITY DIFFUSIVITY which has a default value of 10 corresponding to the molecular viscosity of water The value of this coefficient has a definite effect on the extent and shape of recirculation A low value will tend to dissipate only small eddies whereas a high value will tend to dissipate large recirculations The user must therefore choose this value with care depending on the case treated in partic
142. ode when two models are linked Write operations on the file are managed by the user in the FORTRAN program logical unit 29 Read and write operations on these files must be managed completely by the user Management can be done from any point accessible to the user For example using a file to provide the initial conditions will mean managing it with the CONDIN subroutine Similarly using a file to introduce boundary conditions can be done in the BORD subroutine TELEMAC 2D can also use other files when using harmonic constants databases These files are described in detail in Section 4 2 12 3 2 14 2 LOGICAL UNITS Logical units have been parameterized because they may change in case of code coupling for example two coupled programs may require the logical unit 1 and this would generate a conflict All files have a number which is parameterized and constant e BINARY DATA FILE 1 T2DBII 24 Version 7 0 December 2014 TELEMAC modelling system Page 23 TELEMAC 2D User manual BINARY DATA FILE 2 T2DBD 25 e FORMATTED DATA FILE T2DFOI 26 FORMATTED DATA FILE T2DFO2 27 e FORMATTED RESULT FILE T2DRFO 29 All the logical units are stored in a structure called T2D FILES The logical unit of BINARY DATA FILE 1 for instance will be T2D_FILES T2DBI1 LU NOTE In some subroutines it will be necessary to add USE DECLARATIONS TELEMAC2D ONLY T2D FILES T2DBII for example to have access to the logical units of
143. odule introduces 5 tracers 1 suspended sediments SS 2 bedsediments BS which are considered fix not advected neither dispersed 3 micro pollutant species in dissolved form 4 part absorbed by suspended sediments 5 part absorbed by bed sediments e Thermic module this module computes the evolution of water temperature as a function of heat exchange balance with atmosphere Only the exchanges with atmosphere are considered those with lateral boundaries and with the bed are neglected or have to be given in the boundary conditions file 11 3 PRACTICAL ASPECTS To activate the water quality module the logical key word WATER QUALITY must be set to TRUE default FALSE In telemac2D a new dictionary is created and fully dedicated to water quality applications The description of this new dictionary will be the subject of a separate manual TELEMAC 2D will not read automatically this dictionary unless the key word WAQ DICTIONARY is used This key word is the path to dictionary To introduce WAQ parameters a separate steering file is necessary It is read with the use of key word WAQ STEERING FILE In the next section which is dedicated to water quality all the key words to be introduced to the water quality steering file will be written in BOLD AND ITALIC UPPER CASE Depending on the WAQ module TELEMAC 2D increases automatically the number of tracers of the model In fact the total number of tracers variable ntrac is increased by 3
144. ollowing phenomena Propagation of long waves including non linear effects Friction on the bed The effect of the Coriolis force The effects of meteorological phenomena such as atmospheric pressure rain or evaporation and wind Turbulence Supercritical and subcritical flows Influence of horizontal temperature and salinity gradients on density Cartesian or spherical coordinates for large domains Dry areas in the computational field tidal flats and flood plains Entrainment and diffusion of a tracer by currents including creation and decay terms Particle tracking and computation of Lagrangian drifts Treatment of singularities weirs dikes culverts etc Dyke breaching Drag forces created by vertical structures Porosity phenomena Wave induced currents by coupling or chaining with the ARTEMIS and TOMAWAC modules Coupling with sediment transport Coupling with water quality tools The software has many fields of application In the maritime sphere particular mention may be made of the sizing of port structures the study of the effects of building submersible dikes or dredging the impact of waste discharged from a coastal outfall or the study of thermal plumes In river applications mention may also be made of studies relating to the impact of construction works bridges weirs tubes dam breaks flooding or the transport of decaying or non decaying tracers December 2014 Page 8 TELEMAC modelling system
145. ollowing terms are added to the right hand side of Saint Venant equations thus called Boussinesq equations div 20 grad aiv 27 A complete description of the theory is given in the following book Hydrodynamics of free surface flows by Jean Michel Hervouet Wiley 2007 Version 7 0 December 2014 Page 12 Version 7 0 3 TELEMAC modelling system TELEMAC 2D User manual INPUTS AND OUTPUTS 3 1 PRELIMINARY REMARKS A set of files is used by TELEMAC 2D as input or output Some files are optional The input files are the following The steering file mandatory containing the configuration of the computation The geometry file mandatory containing the mesh The boundary conditions file mandatory containing the description of the type of each boundary The previous computation file which can give the initial state of the computation This is an optional file The bottom topography file containing the elevation of the bottom Generally the bottom information is already available in the geometry file and the bottom topography file is no longer useful The reference file which contains the reference results and is used in the frame of a validation procedure The liquid boundary file containing information about the prescribed values at the open boundaries elevation flowrate The FORTRAN file containing the specific programming The friction data file which contains in
146. osition the keyword DENSITY EFFECTS at YES default value NO and indicate the mean temperature of the water in degrees Celsius using the keyword MEAN TEMPERATURE which has a default value of 20 In that case the first tracer must be the salinity 9 2 PRESCRIBING INITIAL CONDITIONS If the initial value of the tracers is constant throughout the domain for example no tracer it is simply a question of placing the keyword INITIAL VALUES OF TRACERS with the required value in the steering file The number of supplied values must be equal to the number of declared tracers In more complex cases it is necessary to work directly in the CONDIN subroutine in a similar manner to that described in the section dealing with the initial hydrodynamic conditions If a computation is being continued the initial state of the tracers corresponds to that of the last time step stored in the continuation file 1f the continuation file does not contain any information December 2014 TELEMAC modelling system Page 71 TELEMAC 2D User manual concerning a particular tracer TELEMAC 2D then uses the value assigned to the keyword INITIAL VALUES OF TRACERS 9 3 PRESCRIBING BOUNDARY CONDITIONS Boundary conditions are prescribed in the same way as hydrodynamic conditions The type of boundary condition will be given by the value of LITBOR in the boundary conditions file see sections 4 2 2 and 4 2 3 In the case of an inflowing open boundary with prescribed
147. ot yet used 14 3 SPHERICAL COORDINATES LATITU If a simulation is being performed over a large domain TELEMAC 2D offers the possibility of running the computation with spherical coordinates Version 7 0 December 2014 Page 102 TELEMAC modelling system TELEMAC 2D User manual This option is activated when the keyword SPHERICAL COORDINATES 18 positioned at YES default value NO In this case TELEMAC 2D calls a subroutine named LATITU at the beginning of the computation This calculates a set of tables depending on the latitude of each point To do this it uses the Cartesian coordinates of each point provided in the geometry file and the latitude of the point of origin of the mesh provided by the user in the steering file with the keyword LATITUDE OF ORIGIN POINT By default TELEMAC 2D assumes that the mesh coordinates are given Cartesian coordinates User can change this choice by using the keyword SPATIAL PROJECTION TYPE default 1 which corresponds to Cartesian coordinates Indeed when choosing the value 2 the coordinates are considered in accordance with Mercator s projection The value 3 the mesh has to be in longitude latitude in degrees It is important to notice here that if option SPHERICAL COORDINATES YES SPATIALPROJECTION TYPE has to be 2 or 3 The LATITU subroutine BIEF library may be modified by the user to introduce any other latitude dependent computation 14 4 ADDING NEW VARIABLES NOMVAR TELEMAC2D AN
148. partitioner so that it corresponds locally to every sub domain The file format is the following e comment line free but must be here e two integers number of sections steering integer if negative node numbers are given if positive coordinates are given e two lines per section 24 characters for a section name followed by begin and end node number or begin and end coordinates Example Control sections definition Sc Wesxan outflow 46 70 Wesxan Middle 639 263 Wesxan Inflow 480 414 Wesxan crazy 142 147 Wesxan even worse 144 7864 Headers and printouts on control sections may be modified in subroutine fluxpr_telemac2d telemac2d library The printouts will be in the file named by SECTIONS OUTPUT FILE Version 7 0 December 2014 Page 44 TELEMAC modelling system TELEMAC 2D User manual Version 7 0 December 2014 TELEMAC modelling system Page 45 TELEMAC 2D User manual Version 7 0 6 PHYSICAL PARAMETER DEFINITION A number of physical parameters may or must be specified during a simulation If the parameter is space dependent it is sometimes preferable to define various zones within the mesh and then assign the parameter as a function of the zone number To do this it is necessary to activate the logical keyword DEFINITION OF ZONES and fill the subroutine DEF ZONES which assigns a zone number to each point This zone number may then be used in the various subroutines for specifying
149. ples telemac2d This example is described and well documented in the validation manual of TELEMAC 2D December 2014 TELEMAC modelling system Page 75 TELEMAC 2D User manual Version 7 0 11 WATER QUALITY 11 1 INTRODUCTION Since release 7 0 TELAMAC 2D offers the possibility to simulate simple water quality processes We give here some preliminary elements about theory implementation and use of the newly added water quality library This library was originally implemented in Tracer code Transport module of 1D Mascaret system So far the library is tightly linked to telemac 2D however in next releases it will be dissociated in order to build a separate module of the Telemac Mascaret system 11 2 THEORETICAL ASPECTS This library offers the use of 5 water quality W AQ processes Only 2 of them are implemented so far The remaining processes will be added in the next release 7 1 These processes generate source terms that are added to the advection diffusion equation resolved in Telemac 2d These processes are the following e O2 module which gives the evolution of oxygen O2 in the flow and accounts for the interaction with the organic load and ammoniacal load This module is simple since it does not take into consideration all the complexity of biological phenomena linked to the production the elimination and the transport of oxygen For more details about this process reader is invited to the following manual and references
150. ransport WARNING Ifthe user wants to develop a new drogue output format for oil spill he must edit subroutine OIL DERIVE f and not the subroutine DERIVE f used for the drogue and algae transport Version 7 0 December 2014 TELEMAC modelling system Page 93 TELEMAC 2D User manual 12 4 LAGRANGIAN DRIFTS 12 4 1 INPUT FILES Computing Lagrangian drifts involves computing the displacement of all mesh points between two given instants Typically these two instants may be two consecutive high tides To run such a computation it is necessary to program the steering file and FORTRAN file In the steering file the user must firstly provide the number of drifts required using the keyword NUMBER OF LAGRANGIAN DRIFTS default value 0 This value corresponds to the number of pairs starting and ending times for which the Lagrangian drifts are computed Secondly the user must include the letters A and G in the list assigned to the keyword VARIABLES FOR GRAPHIC PRINTOUTS These two letters correspond to the drift displacements along X and Y As far as the FORTRAN file is concerned the user must insert the LAGRAN subroutine in which it is necessary to define the instants at which each computation is to start and end in the form of time step numbers The drift computation results are stored directly in the TELEMAC 2D results file in the form of two scalar variables entitled DRIFT ALONG X and DRIFT ALONG Y Given th
151. rd VALUE OF ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE default 10 Pa This value is initialised throughout the domain The METEO subroutine is called up if the wind or atmospheric pressure or water quality options are activated By default the subroutine is called up at the start of the computation time value 0 in order to fix the pressure throughout the domain and the wind velocity at the values supplied with the corresponding keywords The user has geometrical information on the mesh and time information for programming any study situation in particular winds that vary in time and space in this case a test must be programmed for time values other than 0 6 3 2 ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE The influence of air pressure is taken into account if the keyword AIR PRESSURE is set to YES the default value is NO The value of that pressure is provided by the keyword VALUE OF ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE By default the latter initializes a pressure of 10 Pa over the whole domain The METEO subroutine is called if the wind or atmospheric pressure or water quality options are on The subroutine is called only at the beginning of the computation value of zero time to set the wanted pressure across the field and the wind speed with the values provided by the corresponding keywords The user has the information about the mesh as well as time information to program any case especially variable winds in space and time a test for non zero values of the
152. re initialized with zero value free surface same as bottom In other words the entire domain is dry at the start of the computation e CONSTANT DEPTH This initializes the water depths at the value supplied by the keyword INITIAL DEPTH e PARTICULAR The initial conditions are defined in the CONDIN subroutine see section 4 1 2 This solution must be used whenever the initial conditions of the model do not correspond to one of the four cases above December 2014 Page 26 Version 7 0 TELEMAC modelling system TELEMAC 2D User manual 41 2 PRESCRIBING WITH THE CONDIN SUBROUTINE The CONDIN subroutine must be programmed whenever the keyword INITIAL CONDITIONS has the value PARTICULAR The CONDIN subroutine initializes successively the velocities the water depth the tracer and the viscosity The part of the subroutine concerning the initialization of the water depth is divided into two zones The first corresponds to the processing of simple initial conditions defined by keyword and the second regards the processing of particular initial conditions By default the standard version of the CONDIN subroutine stops the computation if the keyword INITIAL CONDITIONS is positioned at PARTICULAR without the subroutine being actually modified The user is entirely free to fill this subroutine For example he can re read information in a formatted or binary file using the keywords FORMATTED DATA FILE or BINARY DATA F
153. rge scale model and the boundaries of a more local model generally requires calibration To do this the user has three keywords the keyword COEFFICIENT TO CALIBRATE SEA LEVEL default real value 0 0 allows to calibrate the mean tide level the harmonic decomposition of information provided by the various databases are used to generate the tidal signal oscillating around mean tide level The calibration of the mean tide level must obviously be made depending on the altimetric reference used in the model the keyword COEFFICIENT TO CALIBRATE TIDAL RANGE default real value 1 0 allows to specify a calibration coefficient applied on the amplitude of the tidal wave This coefficient is applied to the amplitude of the overall signal and not on the amplitude of each of the elementary waves the keyword COEFFICIENT TO CALIBRATE TIDAL VELOCITIES default real value 999 999 0 allows to specify the coefficient applied on velocities The default value 999 999 0 means that the square root of the value specified by the keyword COEFFICIENT TO CALIBRATE TIDAL RANGE tidal is used For more information the reader may refer to the methodological guide for tide simulation with version 6 2 PHAM 2012 Version 7 0 December 2014 TELEMAC modelling system Page 41 TELEMAC 2D User manual Version 7 0 gt GENERAL PARAMETER DEFINITION FOR THE COMPUTATION General parameter definition for the computation is done only in the steering file Ti
154. rounding free surface is located below that level This is sometimes due to insufficient spatial discretization around dikes or because of the influence of inertia phenomena overvalued by the code given that the dikes slopes could be too low compared to reality the size of the elements generally prevents to respect these slopes To handle this type of situation a specific treatment algorithm has been implemented in TELEMAC 2D This allows to automatically perform a receding procedure when the water level on the crest of the dike 15 less than a threshold set by the user and that the slope of the free surface at the dike is too high This threshold typically of a few millimeters to a few centimeters is set using the keyword THRESHOLD DEPTH FOR RECEDING PROCEDURE expressed in meters It is recommended to use this algorithm with convection schemes that ensures a perfect mass conservation It is also compatible with a correct treatment of the convection of tracers If necessary the user can refer to the subroutine RECEDING f Note that release 7 0 of TELEMAC 2D allows taking into account the phenomena of dike failure This function is described in detail in Section 13 4 December 2014 TELEMAC modelling system Page 25 TELEMAC 2D User manual Version 7 0 4 HYDRODYNAMIC SIMULATION 4 PRESCRIBING INITIAL CONDITIONS The purpose of the initial conditions 1s to describe the state of the model at the start of the simulation
155. s These subroutines offer an implementation that can be modified provided that the user has a minimum knowledge of Fortran and with the help of the guide for programming in the Telemac system The following procedure should be followed e Recover the standard version of the subroutines provided with the system and copy them into a file that will be the specific FORTRAN FILE of the given case see section 3 2 4 for more details e Modify the subroutines according to the model you wish to build e Link up the set of subroutines into a single FORTRAN file that will be compiled during the TELEMAC 2D start procedure During this programming phase users must access the various software variables By using the structures of FORTRAN 90 gathered into a module type component access is possible from any subroutine The set of data structures 1s gathered in FORTRAN files referred to as modules In the case of TELEMAC 2D the file is called DECLARATION TELEMAC2D and is provided with the software To access TELEMAC 2D data simply insert the command USE DECLARATIONS TELEMAC2D at the beginning of the subroutine It is also necessary to add the command USE BIEF Version 7 0 December 2014 TELEMAC modelling system Page 9 TELEMAC 2D User manual Version 7 0 Almost all the arrays used by TELEMAC 2D are declared in the form of a structure with pointers For example access to the water depth
156. s file The file name is given with the keyword BOUNDARY CONDITIONS FILE 3 2 4 THE FORTRAN USER FILE Since version 5 0 of the software the first version to be written in FORTRAN 90 this file has become optional as TELEMAC 2D uses a dynamic memory allocation process and it is therefore no longer necessary to set the size of the various arrays in the memory The FORTRAN file contains all the TELEMAC 2D subroutines modified by the user and those that have been specially developed for the computation This file is compiled and linked so as to generate the executable program for the simulation The name of this file is given with the keyword FORTRAN FILE 3 2 5 THE LIQUID BOUNDARIES FILE This text file enables the user to specify values for time dependent boundary conditions tracer flow rate depth velocity and tracers concentration See section 0 for a complete description of this file The file name is specified with the keyword LIQUID BOUNDARIES FILE December 2014 TELEMAC modelling system Page 19 TELEMAC 2D User manual Version 7 0 3 2 6 THE SOURCE FILE This text file enables the user to specify values for time dependent conditions for sources discharge tracers concentration See section 8 4 for a complete description of this file The file name is specified with the keyword SOURCES FILE 32 7 THE FRICTION DATA FILE This text file enables the user to configure the bottom friction used law an
157. sea wall etc However certain combinations are not physical December 2014 Page 28 Version 7 0 TELEMAC modelling system TELEMAC 2D User manual Certain boundary conditions apply to segments such as friction at the walls no flux condition or incident wave conditions However wall definition is ambiguous if boundary conditions are to be defined by points The following convention is used in such cases to determine the nature of a segment situated between two points of different type A liquid segment 1s one between two points of liquid type In a similar way when a condition is being prescribed for a segment the point must be configured at the start of the segment The way in which a boundary condition is prescribed depends on the spatial and temporal variations in the condition Five types of condition may be distinguished The condition is constant at the boundary and constant in time The simplest solution is then to prescribe the condition by means of a keyword in the steering file e condition is constant at the boundary and variable in time It will then be prescribed by programming the functions Q SL and VIT and TR if a tracer is used or by the open boundaries file e condition is variable in space and constant in time It will then be prescribed via the boundary conditions file In certain cases the velocity profile can be specified using the keyword VELOCITY PROFILES see section 4 2 8
158. the Saint Venant equations using the finite volume method In this case the algorithm is explicit and means that the Courant number must be limited to 1 The variable time step option is then automatically used TELEMAC 2D then adjusts the calculation time step so as to satisfy this Courant number criterion However it should be noted that this leads to irregular sampling from the graphic printout file and control listing Lastly it should be noted that all the options available when solving the Saint Venant equations using the finite element method are not necessarily available here The BOUSSINESQ option means that the Boussinesq equations are solved In addition it is necessary to specify the type of discretization to be used linear triangle 3 nodes triangle quasi bubble triangle 4 nodes triangle or quadratic triangle 6 nodes triangle The choice is made with the keyword DISCRETIZATIONS IN SPACE This keyword is a table of two integers that are related successively to the velocity and depth For each of these variables the value 11 means linear triangle space discretization the value 12 means quasi bubble triangle space discretization and value 13 means quadratic element Version 7 0 December 2014 Page 56 Version 7 0 TELEMAC modelling system TELEMAC 2D User manual In practice the user can select the 3 following combinations e 11 11 default value linear velocity and linear depth recommended e 125311 quasi bubble
159. the partial pressure of water vapour in the air hPa 10 Pa which is given in the meteo file p is the partial pressure of water vapour at saturation hPa which is estimated with B rer gp PX 6 lexp Lm T 237 3 when H H the atmospheric radiation RA is corrected by multiplying it with 1 8 11 3 3 6 EXAMPLE OF STEERING FILE To activate the water quality module we give here the set of key words to include in the steering file of TELEMAC 2D Version 7 0 December 2014 Page 84 Version 7 0 TELEMAC modelling system TELEMAC 2D User manual WATER QUALITY YES WAQ STEERING FILE steer cas WAQ DICTIONARY wagtel dico We give hereafter an example of W AQ steering file with the use of Thermic process WAQ STEERING FILE WAQ CASE TITLE WAQ THERMIC VALIDATION CASE WATER DENSITY 1000 KINEMATIC WATER VISCOSITY 1 E 6 WATER QUALITY PROCESS 5 OPTIONS ARE 1 O2 PROCESS 2 BIOMASS PROCESS 3 EUTRO PROCESS 4 MICROPOL PROCESS 5 THERMIC PROCESS THERMIC PROCESS WATER SPECIFIC HEAT 4180 AIR SPECIFIC HEAT 1002 COEFFICIENTS OF AERATION FORMULA 0 0025 0 0025 COEFFICIENT OF CLOUDING RATE 0 2 COEFFICIENTS FOR CALIBRATING ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION 0 85 COEFFICIENTS FOR CALIBRATING SURFACE WATER RADIATION 0 97 December 2014 TELEMAC modelling system Page 85 TELEMAC 2D User manual 12 PARTICLE TRANSPORT AND LAGRANGIAN DRIFTS 12 1 DROGUE DISPLACEMENTS
160. therein K El Kadi Abderrezzak 2012 e Biomass module it allows the computation of the algal biomass It estimates the vegetal colonization as a function of several parameters such as sunshine water temperature ratio of renewing of water etc This module introduces and uses 5 tracers 1 phytoplanktonic biomass PHY 2 dissolved mineral phosphorus PO 3 degradable phosphorus assimilated by phytoplankton POR 4 dissolved mineral nitrogen assimilated by phytoplankton NO 5 degradable nitrogen assimilated by phytoplankton NOR e Eutro module this module describes the oxygenation of a river It is much more complex than the O2 module since it takes into account vegetal photosynthesis and nutrients and their interactions with phytoplankton This module introduces 8 tracers phosphorus assimilated by phytoplankton POR dissolved oxygen O gt phytoplanktonic biomass PHY dissolved mineral phosphorus 4 Uum Proc degradable dissolved mineral nitrogen assimilated by phytoplankton NO3 December 2014 Page 76 TELEMAC modelling system TELEMAC 2D User manual 6 degradable nitrogen assimilated by phytoplankton NOR 7 ammoniacal load NH4 8 organic load L These tracers are in mg l except biomass which is given in ug e Micropol module this module gives the evolution of micro pollutants radio elements or heavy metals in the main locations in river flows i e water suspended load and bed sediments This m
161. thymetry 102 BIEF 2 BINARY DATA FILE 20 BINARY DATA FILE 1 16 46 BINARY DATA FILE 2 16 BINARY DATABASE 1 FOR TIDE 33 BINARY DATABASE 2 FOR TIDE 33 Binary file format 8 Version 7 0 BINARY RESULTS FILE 16 BLUEKENUE 8 BORD 16 22 29 65 BOTTOM SMOOTHINGS 17 95 bottom topography 11 bottom topography file 6 BOTTOM TOPOGRAPHY FILE 17 BOUNDARY CONDITIONS 21 boundary conditions file 6 12 23 BOUNDARY CONDITIONS FILE 12 BOUSSINESQ 49 BTBOR 24 CHANGING BED BETWEEN TWO COMPUTATIONS 104 Changing the type of a boundary condition 98 COEFFICIENT FOR DIFFUSION OF TRACERS 66 COEFFICIENT OF WIND INFLUENCE 43 COEFFICIENT TO CALIBRATE SEA LEVEL 34 COEFFICIENT TO CALIBRATE TIDAL RANGE 34 COEFFICIENT TO CALIBRATE TIDAL VELOCITIES 34 COMPATIBLE COMPUTATION OF FLUXES 36 COMPUTATION CONTINUED 21 CONDIN 16 19 20 64 conjugate gradient 103 Constant viscosity 41 continued computation 19 Continuing a computation 20 CONTINUITY CORRECTION 57 CONTROL OF LIMITS 36 Control sections 36 CONTROL SECTIONS 36 CORFON 17 18 95 104 Coriolis 5 CORIOLIS 46 CORIOLIS COEFFICIENT 46 December 2014 TELEMAC 2D modelling system TELEMAC 2D User manual CORPOR 60 CORRXY 95 CORSTR 39 CORVIS 41 COST FUNCTION 48 COUPLING 98 COUPLING PERIOD 98 COUPLING WITH 98 Courant number 52 Courant number management 59 C U PRECONDITIONING 59 culvert discharge 91 Cu
162. tion than the keyword LAW OF BOTTOM FRICTION described above The coefficient of friction to take into account is then provided by the keyword FRICTION COEFFICIENT FOR LATERAL SOLID BOUNDARIES default value 60 if it is constant on all solid boundaries If this value varies spatially the user can fill the column AUBOR in the boundary conditions file see Section 4 2 3 AUBOR is then considered as a quadratic coefficient whose interpretation depends on the chosen friction law 6 2 MODELLING OF TURBULENCE The modelling of turbulence is a delicate problem TELEMAC 2D offers the user four options of different complexity Version 7 0 December 2014 TELEMAC modelling system Page 47 TELEMAC 2D User manual Version 7 0 The first involves using a constant viscosity coefficient In this case the coefficient represents the molecular viscosity turbulent viscosity and dispersion The second option involves an Elder model The third option involves using a k Epsilon model This is a 2D model that solves the transport equations for k turbulent energy and Epsilon turbulent dissipation The model equations are solved by a fractional step method with convection of turbulent variables being processed at the same time as the hydrodynamic variables and the other terms relating to the diffusion and production dissipation of turbulent values being processed in a single step Use of the k Epsilon model also often requires a finer mesh than the consta
163. tly addressing to the global database The harmonic constants specific file is specified using the keyword HARMONIC CONSTANTS FILE this file is an output file in the first calculation and an input file in subsequent calculations 4 2 12 2 HORIZONTAL SPATIAL CALIBRATION In order to perform the spatial interpolation of the tidal data it is imperative to provide to TELEMAC 2D information on the spatial positioning of the mesh model relative to the grid of the tidal database To do this the user has two keywords Version 7 0 December 2014 Page 40 TELEMAC modelling system TELEMAC 2D User manual The first keyword specifies the geographic system used to establish the coordinates of the 2D mesh of TELEMAC 2D This keyword GEOGRAPHIC SYSTEM which has no default value may take the following values 0 User Defined 1 WGS84 longitude latitude in real degrees 2 WGS84 UTM North 3 WGS84 UTM South 4 Lambert 5 Mercator projection The second keyword is used to specify the area of the geographic system used to establish the coordinates of the 2D mesh of TELEMAC 2D This keyword ZONE NUMBER IN GEOGRAPHIC SYSTEM which has no default value may take the following values 1 Lambert 1 North 2 Lambert 2 Center 3 Lambert 3 South 4 Lambert 4 Corsica 22 Lambert 2 extended X UTM zone value of the WGS84 X is the number of the zone 4 2 12 3 CALIBRATION OF THE INFORMATION The transfer of information between a la
164. tomatically selects a number of other options use of mass lumping on depth and velocities and use of explicit velocity diffusion In most cases Option 2 is recommended and offers the optimum in terms and CPU time Another choice concerns the scheme used for solving the advection step To do this the user must update the keyword TYPE OF ADVECTION This keyword is a table of four integers that are related successively to the scheme used for advection of the velocity U and V depth H tracer and turbulent value k and epsilon If the model does not include any tracer or turbulence model the user may simply give the first two values Since release 6 0 the value concerning depth is ignored by TELEMAC 2D The optimum numerical scheme is automatically selected by the code conservative scheme Each integer may have a value between 1 and 14 corresponding to the following possibilities e Method of characteristics Centred semi implicit scheme SUPG Upwind explicit finite volume referenced as 8 in before release 6 0 N distributive scheme mass conservative 2 3 4 5 PSI distributive scheme mass conservative 6 PSI scheme on non conservative equation obsolete 7 Implicit N scheme on non conservative equation obsolete e 13 Edge by edge implementation of scheme 3 will work on tidal flats e 14 Edge by edge implementation of scheme 4 will work on tidal flats Schemes 3 and 4 on one hand and 13 and 14 on t
165. ts For dam break studies option 14 5 is recommended Depending on the scheme used accuracy may be improved by running sub iterations This involves updating the advection field for the same time step over several sub iterations During the first sub iteration the velocity field is given by the results obtained at the previous time step The number of sub iterations is fixed by the keyword NUMBER OF SUB ITERATIONS FOR NON LINEARITIES which has a default value of 1 December 2014 TELEMAC modelling system Page 59 TELEMAC 2D User manual The SUPG scheme may be configured using specific keywords see section 7 2 1 In TELEMAC 2D time discretization is semi implicit The various implicitation coefficients are given with the keywords MPLICITATION FOR DEPTH corresponding to the FORTRAN variable IMPLICITATION FOR VELOCITY corresponding to the TETAU FORTRAN variable IMPLICITATION FOR DIFFUSION OF VELOCITY and in the case of computing tracer transport IMPLICITATION COEFFICIENT OF TRACERS The default values are generally adequate The reader s attention is drawn to the fact that in earlier versions of TELEMAC 2D and under certain conditions the value of some parameters could be set arbitrarily in the code regardless of the specified keywords value Thus when using the wave equation 2 value of the keyword TREATMENT OF LINEAR SYSTEM the implicitation of the depth and velocity was imposed on 1 version 6 0 In version 6 1 on
166. ular as a function of the size of the recirculation he or she wishes to dissipate and the mean angular velocity of the recirculation It should also be noted that a value which results in the dissipation of eddies smaller than two meshes has virtually no effect on the computation TELEMAC 2D offers the possibility of having a coefficient that varies in time and space This is defined in the CORVIS subroutine This subroutine gives information on the geometry and basic hydrodynamic variables depth of water velocity components and time December 2014 Page 48 Version 7 0 TELEMAC modelling system TELEMAC 2D User manual 6 2 2 ELDER MODEL This option is used when the keyword TURBULENCE MODEL is set to 2 The Elder model offers the possibility of specifying different viscosity values along and across the current and Kt respectively The formulae used are KI al U h and Kt at U h Where U is the friction velocity m s and h the water depth m al and at are the dimensionless dispersion coefficients equal to 6 and 0 6 respectively Other values can be found in the literature The two coefficients can be supplied by the user with the keyword NON DIMENSIONAL DISPERSION COEFFICIENTS format K1 Kt 6 2 3 K EPSILON MODEL If constant viscosity 18 not sufficient TELEMAC 2D offers the possibility of using a k Epsilon model This is activated by assigning a value of 3 to the keyword TURBULENCE MODEL In this case the k
167. ulation discharge construction work under a dike a bridge etc As for weirs the keyword NUMBER OF TUBES specifies the number of tubes to be treated Tubes are described as couples of points between which flow may occur as a function of the respective water level at these points Contrary to culverts the flow direction is automatically computed as a function of inflow and outflow points of the tube Information about culvert characteristics is stored in the TUBES DATA FILE Version 7 0 December 2014 Page 98 TELEMAC modelling system TELEMAC 2D User manual The following file gives an example of two tubes Relaxation 0 0 5 I1 T2 Cel Ce2 1 Cs2 Lrg Hau Clp 112 zl 2 2566 2705 0 5 0 5 1 i dius 20 0 2 T0 do 0 25202659 025 1025 1l 1 25 gt 21252 0 0 22 1 9 1 0 The relaxation coefficient is used to prescribe the discharge in the tube on a progressive basis in order to avoid the formation of an eddy I1 and I2 are the numbers of each end of the tube in the global point numbering system CE and CE are the head loss coefficients when the considered point is operating as inlet CS and CS are the head loss coefficients when the considered point is operating as outlet Lig is the width of the construction work in meter Hauis the height of the construction work in meter Cipis an indicator allowing specifying a check valve behaviour The different possibilities are e 0 Flow in both direction is allowed e
168. umber of friction domain e alaw for the bottom and their parameters e law for the boundary conditions and their parameters only if the option k epsilon is used the parameters of non submerged vegetation only if the option is used Version 7 0 December 2014 TELEMAC 2D modelling system Appendix 5 Page 121 TELEMAC 2D User manual Example of friction data file Zone Bottom Boundary condition ve getation m no Ro MdefBo TypeBo MdefBo sp From NFRO LOGW 0 004 s e NU wur 3 006 GH eser e ie 0050 9 LEE nop j j j The first column defines the code number of the friction domain Here there 15 3 lines with the code numbers 4 to 6 20 27 The columns from 2 to 4 are used in order to define the bottom law the name of the law used NFRO NIKU or COWH for this example see below for the name of the laws the roughness parameter used and the Manning s default value used only with the Colebrook White law If the friction parameter when there is no friction or the Manning s default are useless nothing has to be written in the column The columns from 5 to 7 are used to describe the boundary conditions laws name of the law roughness parameter Manning s Default These columns have to be set only if the boundaries are considered rough keyword TURBULENCE MODEL FOR SOLID BOUNDARIES 2 otherwise nothing has to be written in these columns The columns 8 an
169. umbering is very important because it is used when prescribing values The following values are given for each point see also the section dedicated to parallel processing for certain specific aspects LIHBOR LIUBOR LIVBOR HBOR UBOR VBOR AUBOR LITBOR TBOR ATBOR BTBOR N K Version 7 0 December 2014 Page 30 Version 7 0 TELEMAC modelling system TELEMAC 2D User manual LIHBOR LIUBOR LIVBOR and LITBOR are the boundary type codes for each of the variables They are described in section 4 2 2 HBOR real represents the prescribed depth if LIHBOR 5 UBOR real represents the prescribed velocity U if LIUBOR 6 VBOR real represents the prescribed velocity V if LIVBOR 6 AUBOR represents the friction coefficient at the boundary if LIUBOR or LIVBOR 2 The friction law is then written as follows 4U AUBOR U and or v dV _AUBOR v n dn The coefficient AUBOR applies to the segment included between the boundary point considered and the following point in a trigonometric direction for the outer contour and in the opposite direction for the islands The default value is AUBOR 0 Friction corresponds to a negative value With the k Epsilon model the value of AUBOR is computed by TELEMAC 2D and the indications in the boundary conditions file are then ignored TBOR real represents the prescribed value of the tracer when LI TBOR 5 ATBOR and BTBOR represent the coefficients of the flow relation
170. vely to The minimum depth value H by default 1000 The maximum depth value H by default 9000 The minimum velocity value U by default 1000 The maximum velocity value U by default 1000 The minimum velocity value V by default 1000 The maximum velocity value V by default 1000 minimum tracer value by default 1000 The maximum tracer value by default 1000 5 2 CONTROL SECTIONS A control section offers the possibility of obtaining the instantaneous and cumulated flow rates through a specific segment of the domain The weak formulation of the no flux boundary condition through solid boundaries raises a theoretical problem for computing the flow rates Either they are compatible with the results file or they are compatible with the weak formulation To be compatible with the weak formulation use the key word COMPATIBLE COMPUTATION OF FLUXES The difference may reach a few percents Itis also possible to obtain the cumulated flow rates for each control section by activating the logical keyword PRINTING CUMULATED FLOWRATES In that case to improve the quality of results the treatment of the control section is done at each time step and not only at each time step concerned by a printing on output listing The control sections can be managed using 2 different procedures The first one uses only a keyword and is not valid when running in parallel mode The second one available since release
171. y to specify the value of the start time of the second computation By default the initial time of the second computation is equal to the value of the time step in the previous computation file used for continuation This can be modified using the keyword INITIAL TIME SET TO ZERO if the user wants to reset the time value possibly with respect to a basic value set in the preceding calculation See section 5 At the beginning of a simulation the launcher creates a temporary directory where all input files are copied This is also the case for the previous computation file which can be quite huge In this situation and to avold copying too large a file it is recommended to extract the time step used for the continuation the only one used by TELEMAC 2D 4 0 PRESCRIBING BOUNDARY CONDITIONS 4 2 1 POSSIBLE CHOICES Boundary conditions are given for each of the boundary points They concern the main variables of TELEMAC 2D or the values deduced from them water depth the two components of velocity or flowrate and the tracer The boundary conditions of functions k and Epsilon in the turbulence model are determined by TELEMAC 2D and are thus not required from the user Turbulence specialists may want to change the boundary conditions of k and epsilon in subroutine kepscl f The various types of boundary conditions may be combined to prescribe boundary conditions of any type inflow or outflow of liquid in a supercritical or subcritical regime open
172. ydrodynamic code runs a time step and calculates the depth of water and velocity components It provides this information to the sediment transport code The sediment transport code uses this information to run the solid transport calculation over a time step and thus calculates a change in the bottom e The new bottom value is then taken into account by the hydrodynamic module at the next time step and so on Two modules can be coupled in the current version of the code the sedimentary transport module SISYPHE and the sea state computational module TOMAWAC The time step used for the two calculations is not necessarily the same and is managed automatically by the coupling algorithms and the keyword COUPLING PERIOD FOR SISYPHE and COUPLING PERIOD FOR TOMAWAC which default values are 1 coupling at every iteration This function requires two keywords The keyword COUPLING WITH indicates which simulation code Is to be coupled with TELEMAC 2D The value of this keyword can be e COUPLING WITH SISYPHE for coupling with the SISYPHE module Version 7 0 December 2014 TELEMAC modelling system Page 105 TELEMAC 2D User manual e COUPLING WITH for coupling with the TOMAWAC module e COUPLING WITH SISYPHE TOMAWAC for coupling with both Depending on the module s used the keywords SISYPHE STEERING FILE and TOMAWAC STEERING FILE indicate the names of the steering files of coupled computations The Fortran files of

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