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Evolution TCP/IP Functionality

1. Options Use OSPF enabled default Turns on the OSPF dynamic routing protocol by setting a default configuration that will be sufficient in most cases The configuration can be further tuned if required as specified in Section 9 Disable OSPF The OSPF dynamic routing protocol is turned off NOTE this will overrite any existing configuration including any modified as specified above see Section 9 for details Factory default Disable OSPF Description This option is available in routing mode 4 13 Commercial In Confidence Paradise Datacom Evolution TCP IP White Paper 4 18 Default RIP Configuration Option Edit Unit Interface Terrestrial Enable Default RIP Configuration Enable default RIP configuration Change Disable RIP ENTER next To Disable RIP BACK prev Options Use RIP enabled default Turns on the RIP dynamic routing protocol by setting a default configuration that will be sufficient in most cases The configuration can be further tuned if required as specified in Section 9 Disable RIP The RIP dynamic routing protocol is turned off NOTE this will overrite any existing configuration including any modified as specified above see Section 9 for details Factory 3 default Disable RIP Description This option is available in routing mode 4 14 Commercial In Confidence Paradise Datacom Evolution TCP IP White Paper 5 Network Modes Bridge Mode The network modes described in the followi
2. 10 1 0 4 Paradise Datacom Evolution TCP IP White Paper 5 4 Brouting Brouting is used for point to multipoint or unidirectional IP systems where there is an indirect return path i e not via satellite lt provides a combination of bridging and very simple routing Both the Tx and Rx modems should have the brouting mode enabled In this mode the Ethernet bridge in the Tx modem does not expect to receive replies and simply transmits all Ethernet frames over satellite other than those destined for itself In the Rx modem packets are passed up the TCP IP stack to the IP layer which decides on how to forward them A default gateway can be specified which acts as a route of last resort and individual static routes can be set up to specify where packets for specific subnets should be forwarded to Static routes are not required when there is only one network on each end of the link An example network is shown overleaf Filtering can be applied to discard all data not destined for the local subnet If this is not used then a default gateway address of a router must be specified that is responsible for routing all data to other networks and avoiding network loops being created where packets circulate continuously Normal bridging does not work properly when there is an indirect return path because it assumes that replies to any transmissions will be received via the same network interface used for the transmitted data Specifically in relati
3. An example of the output is shown over the page 7 2 Commercial In Confidence Paradise Datacom Evolution TCP IP White Paper Constellation Series1 Example Constellation Graph Within Microsoft Excel It is also possible to use the email feature to request technical support On the web user interface select the View tab followed by Support The support configuration screen is shown over the page Complete the contact details and type your request and send the email The email is automatically sent to Paradise Datacom s technical support team Note that the SMTP email server address has to be entered on the email configuration screen for this function to work 7 3 Commercial In Confidence Paradise Datacom Evolution TCP IP White Paper 4 PARADISE DATACOM R EVOLUTION SERIES Configuration Email Support Name c y Contact telephone i ID Paradise P3120 modem Serial No 10500006 Mode In control Control Shared UNIT STATUS RX TRAFFIC TX TRAFFIC TEST MODE TX CARRIER Paradise Datacom Technical Customer Support Enquiry Screen 7 4 Commercial In Confidence Paradise Datacom Evolution TCP IP White Paper 8 IP Static Routes If you wish to work with more than one subnet the web user interface allows up to 64 static routes to be added The static route configuration screen found under the Edit Unit Network menu tab is shown below 71 4 PARADISE DATACOM EVOLUTION SERIE
4. hostname Set system s network name interface Select an interface to configure ip IP information line Configure a terminal line list Print command list log Logging control no Negate a command or set its defaults password Assign the terminal connection password quit Exit current mode and down to previous mode route map Create route map or enter route map command mode router Enable a routing process service Set up miscellaneous service show Show running system information write Write running configuration to memory network or terminal paradise ospfdCconfig gt interface IFNAME Interface s name paradise ospfdtconfig gt interface hdlc paradise ospfd lt conf ig if gt paradise ospfd lt conf ig if gt description Interface specific description end End current mode and change to enable mode exit Exit current mode and down to previous mode help Description of the interactive help system ip IP Information list Print command list no Negate a command or set its defaults ospf OSPF interface commands quit Exit current mode and down to previous mode show Show running system information write Write running configuration to memory network or terminal paradise ospfd config if gt t exit paradise ospfdtconf ig gt paradise ospfdtconfig gt exit paradise ospf dit paradise ospfdit Executing a command successfully in a telnet session means that the command takes affect immediately but the change is not saved in the configurati
5. if there is a problem in establishing communications with the modem then it is recommended that for PCs running Windows you issue the command arp d from the Start menu run prompt in order to clear any association with the previous IP address 4 2 Subnet Mask Edit Unit M amp C IP Subnet Mask Screen Remote control port IP netmask 255 255 000 000 New 255 255 000 000 4 1 Commercial In Confidence Paradise Datacom Evolution TCP IP White Paper Factory default 255 255 0 0 Description Sets the remote control port IP subnet mask The same IP subnet mask is used by the modem for traffic purposes when configured for IP traffic 4 3 Default Gateway Edit Unit M amp C Gateway Remote Control Port IP gateway Remote control port IP gateway 0 0 0 0 New 0 0 0 0 Factory default 0 0 0 0 Description Sets a default gateway that represents the next hop when forwarding IP packets from the modem The address 0 0 0 0 is used to specify that no gateway is set 4 4 IP Traffic Mode Edit Unit Interface Terrestrial IP Mode Screen Unit Interface Terrestrial IP mode Change Bridge mode ENTERznext To Routing mode BACK prev 4 2 Commercial In Confidence Options Factory default Description Paradise Datacom Evolution TCP IP White Paper Bridge mode Select this mode for ordinary Ethernet over satellite bridging i e point to point systems In this mode the Ethernet bridg
6. 1 8 0 16 10 2 780 1 paradise zebralconfigH paradise zebratconfig gt exit paradise zebral paradise zebralt show ip route Codes K kernel route G connected S static R RIP O OSPF I ISIS B BGP gt selected route FIB route K gt 6 6 6 6 6 via 19 5 78 6 br S 18 1 0 0 16 1 61 via 18 2 780 1 hdlc8 C gt 18 2 0 0 16 is directly connected hdlc C gt x 18 5 0 0 16 is directly connected br S 16 6 8 0 16 1 61 is directly connected Nul116 bh C gt 127 0 0 0 8 is directly connected lo paradise zebratt paradise zebralt _ 9 12 Commercial In Confidence Paradise Datacom Evolution TCP IP White Paper 10 Header Compression IP UDP and RTP header compression is supported in accordance with the Robust Header Compression ROHC standard RFC 3095 profiles 2 and 3 ROHC typically reduces the 40 bytes of IP UDP and RTP header which is typically used with Voice over IP data down to between 1 and 3 bytes Ethernet header compression is also supported in addition and this reduces 14 bytes of Ethernet frame down to typically 1 byte Overall savings from compression from both types of compression e g for a G 729 voice stream can be as high as 60 Before Header Compression IP UDP RTP Payload 20 bytes 8 bytes 12 bytes Variable size depending on codec Header 40 bytes After Header Compression Header Payload 1to 3 bytes Variable size depending on codec Eff
7. 15 1 EE 16 1 Framing Overhead Versus Throughput ccccccccesseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 17 1 iii Commercial In Confidence 1 Introduction This document describes the TCP IP capabilities of the Paradise Datacom Evolution series of satellite modems It should be read in conjunction with the user manual Reference 1 1 1 Scope This report documents the Evolution modem TCP IP features and performance including network configurations that are supported bridging brouting point to point operation point to multipoint operation web user interface header compression TCP acceleration HTTP acceleration performance SNMP support routing etc 1 2 References 1 Installation and Operating Handbook for Evolution Series Satellite Modems 2 Remote M amp C Specification for Evolution Series Satellite Modems 3 Quagga user manual A routing software package for TCP IP networks July 2006 available from http www quagga net docs quagga pdf 1 3 Glossary AS Autonomous System BGP Border Gateway Protocol Dynamic EGP routing protocol EGP Exterior Gateway Protocol IGP Interior Gateway Protocol OSPF Open Shorted Path First Dynamic IGP routing protocol RIP Routing Information Protocol Dynamic IGP routing protocol Commercial In Confidence Paradise Datacom Evolution TCP IP White Paper 2 Ethernet Interfaces Ethernet connectors __ Modem Rear Panel Showing Ethernet Connectors There are two RJ 45 aut
8. O OSPF I ISIS B BGP gt selected route FIB route 6 6 6 6 6 via 16 1 76 6 br 10 1 0 0 16 is directly connected br 16 2 6 6 16 is directly connected hdlc 127 0 0 0 8 is directly connected lo paradise zebra gt enable Password paradise zebratt paradise zebraltt configure terminal paradise zebratconf ig gt paradise zebralconfigHk ip route 18 5 0 0 16 18 2 780 2 paradise zebralconf ig gt paradise zebratconfig gt ip route 18 6 0 0 16 18 2 76 3 paradise zebralconf ig gt paradise zebratconfig gt exit paradise zebratt paradise zebralt show ip route Codes K kernel route C connected S static R RIP O OSPF I ISIS B BGP gt selected route FIB route 6 6 6 6 6 via 16 1 786 6 br 180 1 0 0 16 is directly connected br 10 2 0 0 16 is directly connected hdlc 10 5 0 0 16 1 61 via 18 2 70 2 hdlc8 10 6 0 0 16 1 61 via 18 2 70 3 hdlc8 127 0 0 0 8 is directly connected lo paradise zebratt paradise zebratt Modem B configuration 9 11 Commercial In Confidence Paradise Datacom Evolution TCP IP White Paper of Telnet 10 5 70 4 User Access Verification Password paradise zebra gt paradise zebra gt enable Password Password paradise zebral paradise zebralt configure terminal paradise zebralconf ig paradise zebralconfigt ip route 16 6 6 6 16 blackhole paradise zebralconf ig gt paradise zebratconfig gt ip route 10
9. Unit Interface Terrestrial IP VLAN Filtering Screen Options Factory default Description Enable VLAN filtering Off 1 Off 2 0n Off In this mode VLAN tags are not generated or removed by the modem This means that no filtering of traffic based on VLAN id takes place Since each remote modem receives the same broadcast traffic a device such as a router must be present to filter out any traffic that is intended only for other remote modems On In this mode each remote modem can be assigned a VLAN id which is used by the Hub to tag each packet destined for any device attached to a network off that particular remote modem The tags are added by the Hub Tx modem and removed by the remote modem The remote modem uses the tag to filter out unwanted data that has been broadcast indiscriminately to all remote modems Off Controls whether VLAN tags are being used to implement point to multipoint filtering of traffic at remote modems to filter out unwanted broadcast traffic This option is only available in Hub and Remote Ethernet traffic modes since it is only used in point to multipoint mode where there is a direct return path 4 7 Commercial In Confidence Paradise Datacom Evolution TCP IP White Paper 49 VLANID Option Edit Unit Interface Terrestrial IP VLAN ID Screen Units Minimum value VLAN ID 0 to 4094 0000 Step 1 New 0000 None 0 Maximum value 4094 Step size Factory defa
10. particular Rx modem to be routed out of the gateway and back to the sender through the return path Off Controls whether the Ethernet bridge filters out all traffic other than for the local subnet 4 5 Commercial In Confidence Paradise Datacom Evolution TCP IP White Paper 4 7 Bridge M amp C Option Edit Unit Interface Terrestrial IP Bridge M amp C Screen Options Factory default Description Bridge M amp C Off 1 0ff 2 0n Off In this mode the Remote M amp C Ethernet interface will not be included in the Ethernet bridge thereby keeping IP traffic and M amp C traffic separate When separate the two Ethernet connectors on the base modem are no longer interchangeable Note that care should be taken in selecting this mode for a remote modem if the two cables have been mixed up then M amp C communications with the modem will be lost On In this mode the Remote M amp C Ethernet interface is included in the Ethernet bridge thereby allowing IP traffic and M amp C traffic to be via either one cable or via two cables with them being interchangeable in relation to the two physical Ethernet ports on the base modem On Controls whether the Ethernet M amp C interface is included in the Ethernet bridge or whether the Remote M amp C and IP traffic interfaces are isolated from each other 4 6 Commercial In Confidence Paradise Datacom Evolution TCP IP White Paper 4 8 VLAN Filtering Option Edit
11. this results in very low throughput rates The actual rate is determined by the TCP buffer size and the BER rate but is typically just a maximum of a few hundred kilobits per second regardless of how much satellite bandwidth is available This problem is solved in the Evolution modem by using a Performance Enhancing Proxy PEP that splits the original TCP connection at the modem creates a new TCP connection across the satellite to the other modem and then again creates a new TCP connection between the modem and the end point One TCP connection is therefore replaced by three TCP connections In this situation the modems spoof TCP acknowledgements to the end points thereby persuading them to continue to send data The modem buffers the data and sends it across the satellite The protocol that is used across the satellite link is different from standard TCP only in that it is optimized for satellite conditions and therefore does not suffer from the drawbacks of the congestion control algorithm found in normal TCP The result is that around 90 of the available satellite bandwidth can be utilized Although the modified form of TCP used in the Evolution modem is backwards compatible with standard TCP this does not mean that one Evolution modem in a satellite link can be replaced with a different type of modem This is because general interoperability aside the satellite data is formatted as Ethernet over HDLC and other modems may use a different form
12. 255 ENTER next To 255 255 255 255 BACK prev Factory default 255 255 255 255 Description Sets the IP traffic subnet mask for the terrestrial interface when the modem is in routing mode or when both the M amp C port is out of the Ethernet bridge and TCP acceleration mode is selected 4 9 Commercial In Confidence Paradise Datacom Evolution TCP IP White Paper 4 12 Traffic Port Default Gateway Edit Unit Interface Terrestrial Traffic Port IP Gateway Terrestrial Traffic port IP gateway Change 000 000 000 000 ENTER next To 000 000 000 000 BACK prev Factory default 0 0 0 0 Description Sets the IP traffic gateway for the terrestrial interface when the modem is in routing mode or when both the M amp C port is out of the Ethernet bridge and TCP acceleration mode is selected 4 13 Satellite Port IP Address Edit Unit Interface Satellite Port IP Address Satellite port IP address Change 000 000 000 000 ENTER next To 000 000 000 000 BACK prev Factory default 0 0 0 0 Description Sets the IP traffic address for the satellite interface when the modem is in routing mode 4 10 Commercial In Confidence Paradise Datacom Evolution TCP IP White Paper 4 14 Satellite Port Subnet Mask Edit Unit Interface Terrestrial Satellite Port IP Netmask Satellite port IP netmask Change 255 255 255 255 ENTER next To 255 255 255 255 BACK prev Factory default 255 255 255 255 Des
13. 7 619 33792000 1 760 000 2 484 706 3 128 889 3 424 865 3 705 263 3 947 664 3 991 181 4 022 857 34816000 1 813 333 2 560 000 3 223 704 3 528 649 3 817 544 4 067 290 4 112 126 4 144 762 43008000 2 240 000 3 162 353 3 982 222 4 358 919 4 715 789 5 024 299 5 079 685 5 120 000 44032000 2 293 333 3 237 647 4 077 037 4 462 703 4 828 070 5 143 925 5 200 630 5 241 905 45056000 2 346 667 3 312 941 4 171 852 4 566 486 4 940 351 5 263 551 5 321 575 5 363 810 51200000 2 666 667 3 764 706 4 740 741 5 189 189 5 614 035 5 981 308 6 047 244 6 095 238 52224000 2 720 000 3 840 000 4 835 556 5 292 973 5 726 316 6 100 935 6 168 189 6 217 143 17 1 Commercial In Confidence
14. Evolution Modem TCP IP Functionality White Paper P3000_REP_031 Issue 2 2 6 January 2009 COMMERCIAL IN CONFIDENCE A PARADISE DATACOM Paradise Datacom Ltd Paradise Datacom LLC 1 Wheaton Road 328 Innovation Blvd Witham Essex CM8 3UJ England State College PA 16803 U S A Tel 44 0 1376 515636 Tel 1 814 238 3450 Fax 44 0 1376 533764 Fax 1 814 238 3829 http www paradisedata com Copyright 2005 2009 Paradise Datacom Ltd All rights reserved Commercial In Confidence Paradise Datacom Evolution TCP IP White Paper Table of Contents T IntrOGUCIOD Loco noce A 1 1 1 1 See ee ut M Es 1 1 1 2 Rotor aaa NE Pe EE I IR 1 1 1 3 Ein d 9 1 1 2 Ethernet Inter a6Bs cuina 2 1 3 Web User Interface canna eee ee is 3 1 4 IP related User Settings cccccccsssssseeneeeeeeeeeeeeeseneeeeeeeeeeseseeeeneeeeeeeeeeseneeeeneeees 4 1 4 1 IP GOI OSS d 4 1 4 2 Sube Mask nio ciae caue ciao Cite roe HER qe Coo civ uerbo ir nn 4 1 4 3 Default Gateway E AEN 4 2 4 4 A in cu ED el D grunts Ee ree tare era egi 4 2 4 5 Ethernet Traffic MOdS ni ententes een dent itage et 4 3 4 6 Bridge Filtering EE 4 5 4 7 Bridge M amp C ODD oic ec sine ira E 4 6 4 8 VLAN FIRE CD PIO NE c sms 4 7 49 ENNER eege EE eg 4 8 4 10 Traffic Port IP Address ie 4 9 4 11 Traffic le 4 9 4 12 Traffic Port Defau
15. S STATUS SUMMARY Time ID Paradise P3120 modem Serial No 10500006 Mode In control Destination Subnet mask Gateway Click to apply routes Control Shared Route 0 10 0 01 25525500 100010 Ww da Route 1 10 0 02 25525500 100010 Ww RX TRAFFIC Se route 2000s fessasso0 jooo p TEST MODE Route 3 D TX CARRIER Route 4 fr ar D Route 5 D Route 6 d cur I Help Route 7 r Enter each static route values LE EI 7 and click the checkbox When ROUE E all the routes have been Route 9 ri entered click the button to create the routes The modem Route 10 D may take 30 40 seconds to Route 11 D Route 12 O 0 p complete this task Static Route Configuration Screen Each route consists of a Destination IP Address Subnet Mask and a Gateway Address If none of the static routes match with the IP address of a packet that has is to be sent then the packet is sent to the default gateway if specifed or else it is discarded if it is not for the local network There is a checkbox for each route that enables the route when checked Static routes can also be entered and the whole routing table displayed via the Telnet interface to Zebra when in Routing Mode see Section 9 and the separate Quagga user manual Reference 3 available from http www quagga net docs quagga pdf for a description of the Zebra interface 8 1 Commercial In Confidence Paradise Datac
16. at 5 1 Commercial In Confidence Paradise Datacom Evolution TCP IP White Paper A default gateway will have to be set up to forward the TCP data to the next hop towards the final destination The performance of the Evolution PEP on the base modem is summarized in the following table PEP Feature Base Modem Performance Maximum throughput level 10Mbps Maximum throughput level as a percentage of bandwidth Up to around 90 available Maximum number of concurrent connections 200 Ramp up time to maximum throughput 3s to 9s The performance of the Evolution PEP on the P3714 IP Traffic card is summarized in the following table P3714 IP Traffic Card PEP Feature Performance Maximum throughput level 55Mbps Maximum throughput level as a percentage of bandwidth Up to around 90 available Maximum number of concurrent connections 1000 Ramp up time to maximum throughput 3s to 9s 5 2 Point to Point Bridging Bridging has the benefit that the modems appear to be invisible and will pass any type of TCP IP traffic transparently with no set up other than to select the bridge mode note that an IP address needs to be assigned only if M amp C control of the modem via Ethernet is required Since bridging works at the Ethernet rather than the IP level any routing must be provided externally to the modem Bridge mode is used for Ethernet over satellite bridging in point to poin
17. been taken all packets sent to the hub with valid IP address will be forwarded to the correct device 5 6 Commercial In Confidence Paradise Datacom Evolution TCP IP White Paper Care should be taken if a default gateway is specified for any modem This is because modems could end up forwarding all packets that are not destined for them back onto the network creating a storm of duplicated IP packets that will congest the network To help with this situation a bridge filtering option is available When off all traffic not destined for the local subnet will be forwarded to the default gateway if one has been specified If the default gateway is a router then this allows the router to be set up to filter data in whatever way is appropriate If filtering is on then all packets not destined for the local subnet are discarded Router 10 0 0 10 Router 10 0 020 10 1 0 1 10 20 1 Foreign Network 10 0 0 0 16 Simulates Internet FC 1010 3 GW 10 1 0 Y 1 E53 Router 10 0 0 1 Modem 10 0 70 103 Routes10 1 0 0 16 10 0 70 103 Routes10 2 0 0 16 10 0 70 103 5 7 Commercial In Confidence Paradise Datacom Evolution TCP IP White Paper 5 5 What Network Features Do Need When deciding what modem IP features are required to support a particular network installation it may be useful to ask the following questions e Will the TCP data rate exceed 128kbps o Yes In this case it is r
18. com Evolution TCP IP White Paper All modems at the hub site should be configured to point to multipoint bridge hub mode All modems at remote sites should be configured to point to multipoint bridge remote mode In this mode at the hub the modem marks the satellite interface and the M amp C IP interfaces as unreliable At a remote modem the satellite interface is also marked as unreliable but the terrestrial IP interfaces are classed as reliable If a destination device cannot be found on a reliable interface then the data is flooded onto all unreliable interaces in order to ensure it gets to its intended destination On a reliable interface this does not happen and consequently packets destined for a device linked to a reliable interface are forwarded directly In the example overleaf there are three remote modems each of which communicates with a particular modem at the hub At the hub only one of the modems has a transmission capability with the other two being receive only To allow the receive only modems to send data to remote modems their terrestrial IP interfaces are daisy chained to that of the modem with the transmission capability with the IP traffic port of a modem being linked to the IP M amp C port of the next modem in the chain If remote modems wish to communicate with each other then their corresponding hub modems must forward the incoming satellite messages to the hub transmitter modem which sends them back over the
19. cription Sets the IP traffic subnet mask for the satellite interface when the modem is in routing mode 4 15 Satellite Port Default Gateway Edit Unit Interface Terrestrial Satellite Port IP Gateway Terrestrial Satellite port IP gateway Change 000 000 000 000 ENTER next To 000 000 000 000 BACK prev Factory default 0 0 0 0 Description Sets the IP traffic gateway for the satellite interface when the modem is in routing mode 4 11 Commercial In Confidence Paradise Datacom Evolution TCP IP White Paper 4 16 TCP Acceleration Edit Unit Interface Terrestrial TCP Acceleration Unit Interface Terrestrial TCP accelaration Change No TCP acceleleration ENTER next To No TCP accelaration BACK prev Options TCP acceleration mode This mode provides routing of non TCP packets combined with acceleration of TCP packets using a Performance Enhancing Proxy PEP that overcomes performance problems associated with using standard TCP over satellite No TCP acceleration The TCP acceleration mode is not turned on Factory default Description This option is available in routing mode No TCP acceleration mode 4 12 Commercial In Confidence Paradise Datacom Evolution TCP IP White Paper 4 17 Default OSPF Configuration Option Edit Unit Interface Terrestrial Enable Default OSPF Configuration Enable default OSPF configuration Change Disable OSPF ENTER next To Disable OSPF BACK prev
20. ction is available Performance data can even be fetched over the satellite from a remote modem and then sent by email from the local modem This is possible due to the modem s built in Simple Mail Transfer Protocol SMTP email client This may be used to send a variety of information from the modem either on demand or at preset intervals including Rx Eb No values AUPC distant Eb No values Rx power level values User BER values AUPC Tx power level values Modem temperature values Rx frequency offset values The contents of the system log i e all noteable events that have occurred Current system alarms i e all Unit Tx and Rx faults and warnings All configuration memories Instantaneous spectrum data Instantaneous constellation data Instantaneous PRBS BER test results Up to four week s worth of logged performance data is stored in the modem this is volatile data that is lost when the modem is powered down Best of all the information is sent in CSV format which allows the data to be instantly copied into any spreadsheet from where it can be viewed in a number of formats e g as a graph or a table and from which a report can be generated in a few seconds The type of information to be sent is selected by checking the relevant check box on the email configurator screen see the next page Each type of selected data is appended to the email in separate attachment files for convenience In addition to sendin
21. dem is not in a pure bridging mode e g when in routing mode or when performing TCP acceleration or header compression TCP acceleration support is available This uses a proprietary Performance Enhancing Proxy PEP to overcome adverse performance of standard TCP caused by satellite conditions Elements of standard TCP operation that are significantly affected by satellite delay include congestion avoidence control window sizing and data acknowledgement mechanisms which combine to severely reduce data throughput The PEP overcomes these problems and allows utilization of almost all of the available bandwidth typical figure is around 90 bandwidth utilization PEP performance is described in Section 5 1 2 3 Commercial In Confidence Paradise Datacom Evolution TCP IP White Paper In terms of UDP performance throughput depends on the packet size being used With large packets of around 1500 bytes the throughput level can be as high as 55Mbps The base modem will process 10000 packets per second This equates to 5Mbps for the smallest VOIP packets of 64bytes Note that the actual data throughput level always needs to be set lower than the satellite link data rate because of TCP IP packet header overhead A table is shown in Appendix A that relates the payload throughput to an overall data rate An optional high performance IP Traffic card P3714 is available When the IP Traffic card is fitted the modem may additionally be configured to op
22. e IP UDP and RTP headers when the IP payload contains both a UDP and RTP packet Ethernet header compression only is supported on the base modem This will support compression at a rate of at least 5000 packets per second Ethernet IP UDP RTP header compression is supported on the P3714 IP Traffic card This will support compression at a rate of at least 29000 packets per second This equates to approximately 16Mbps for the very smallest Ethernet frames of 64bytes Support for per route configuration control is included This allows up to 32 destination IP addresses to be specified only packets with one of these addresses get directed through the compressor Another feature that ensures maximum compression is the use of contexts The compression is based on sending only the differences e g in IP addresses between successive packets However if multiple data streams with different IP addresses or different protocols such as IP UDP and IP UDP RTP are interleaved then the compressor automatically creates a new context to handle each stream ensuring that each stream is sent with maximum compression Interoperability with various GSM optimisation equipment has been successful including NMS AccessGate and Verso Netperformer A PARADISE DATACOM D EVOLUTION SERIES SUMMARY Identity Interface h d M amp C Advanced U
23. e builds up bridging information based on the replies it receives back allowing it to ascertain which network segments devices are located on Routing mode IP packets are forwarded based on the contents of the modem s routing table The routing table can be populated by manually entering routes see Section 8 and or by turning on one or more of the supported dynamic routing protocols see Section 6 The dynamic routing protocols enable the modem to automatically populate the routing table based on information forwarded by other routers in the network The modem operates as a two port router in this mode Bridge mode The routing option is only applicable if an IP Traffic card is fitted See Section 6 for further details on routing mode operation 4 5 Ethernet Traffic Mode Edit Unit Interface Terrestrial IP Ethernet Traffic Mode Screen Ethernet traffic mode Brouting mode Brouting mode New Bridge mode 4 3 Commercial In Confidence Options Paradise Datacom Evolution TCP IP White Paper Bridge mode Select this mode for ordinary Ethernet over satellite bridging i e point to point systems In this mode the Ethernet bridge builds up bridging information based on the replies it receives back allowing it to ascertain which network segments devices are located on Hub Sets up a modem to work as a point to multipoint bridge hub All modems at the hub site should be configured to this mode Bridging rather t
24. ecommended that TCP acceleration is used in order to use the satellite bandwidth efficiently This can either be performed by the base modem up to 10Mbps or via the P3714 IP Traffic card option up to 55Mbps or a solution whereby the TCP data is accelerated externally to the modem will be required For internal acceleration one or more TCP acceleration SAF features are required depending on the data rate required o No The TCP acceleration SAF feature is not required e If TCP acceleration is required is it for point to point operation o Yes Point to point TCP acceleration between two Evolution modems is supported o No The modem supports only point to point TCP acceleration more complex network requirements may require acceleration to be provided externally to the modem e f TCP acceleration is required will the data use IPsec encryption typically used to secure VPN links o Yes The modem cannot accelerate IPsec encrypted data because the original TCP headers are normally encrypted tunnel mode and IPsec headers cannot be modified without violating authentication rules The modem will however pass IPsec data transparently o No There is no issue e Will theTCP data rate exceed 10Mbps o Yes This is the maximum rate that the base modem can accelerate to and beyond this the P3714 IP Traffic card is required to go up to an acceleration rate of 55Mbps o No Continue to the next question e Will the data be VoIP data o
25. ect of Robust Header Compression Voice codecs vary in terms of payload size G 729 for example is a popular voice codec that operates at 7 8kbps i e 10 bytes every 10ms lt typically contains 50bytes per packet i e 40 bytes of header with 10bytes of data but may contain 20 or 30 bytes of data instead It is widely acknowledged that ROHC is the most suitable available header compression technology for use over satellite and outperforms older technologies such as Compressed Real Time Protocol CRTP and IP Header Compression IHCP Note that because the header compression is applied only over the satellite portion of the link and results in the original packets being recreated upon receipt the compression process is completely transparent It is possible to specify which data streams routes compression should be applied to see the screenshot overleaf Each route consists of a Destination IP Address and Subnet Mask There is a checkbox for each route that enables the route when selected This allows the user to apply header compression to selected routes The following will be compressed when the feature is enabled e The Ethernet header will be compressed on every frame e P and UDP headers will be compressed when the IP payload contains a UDP packet The IP header can only be compressed when the packet contains a UDP transport layer payload 10 1 Commercial In Confidence Paradise Datacom Evolution TCP IP White Paper
26. eive data intended for other remotes Unwanted packets can be removed by specifying black hole static routes at the remotes that route the unwanted data to non existent gateways causing the data to be dropped If this is not done then the unwanted packets may be forwarded onto the local network and onto any attached networks causing unnecessary congestion 6 1 Commercial In Confidence Paradise Datacom Evolution TCP IP White Paper The Paradise Evolution Modem supports both static and dynamic configuration of routes in to the routing table or a combination of the two methods Static routes are entered into the modem as specified in Section 8 and the creation of dynamic routes is controlled as described in Section 9 Static routes are those that are manually entered into the modem and don t change whereas dynamic routes are added into the routing table by routing protocols that can determine network topology by listening for and sending information to adjacent routers 6 2 Commercial In Confidence Paradise Datacom Evolution TCP IP White Paper 7 Modem email Function When providing Quality of Service reports to satellite services end users it would be extremely useful to be able to easily include pertinent performance information from the modem The modem supports this by incorporating the desired status information into emails that can be sent anywhere either to someone on the local network or worldwide if an Internet conne
27. erate as a router 2 4 Commercial In Confidence Paradise Datacom Evolution TCP IP White Paper 3 Web User Interface The modem includes an embedded web server that allows full monitoring and configuration of the modem via a web browser available on port 80 Secure HTTP connections can also be made via HTTPS port 443 with the non secure port 80 access being disabled in this mode Microsoft Internet Explorer V5 5 and above is supported as standard Paradise Datacom has a policy of avoiding the use of non standard browser extensions in its software wherever possible but cannot guarantee correct operation with any other browser The web user interface is described in Reference 1 3 1 Commercial In Confidence Paradise Datacom Evolution TCP IP White Paper 4 IP related User Settings The following IP related user controls are available on the web and local front panel user interfaces note that they are described from the perspective of the front panel 4 1 IP Address Edit Unit M amp C IP Address Screen Remote control port Ethernet IP address 010 000 070 001 010 000 070 001 Factory default 10 0 70 1 Description Sets the IP address for the remote control interface The same IP address is used by the modem for traffic purposes when configured for IP traffic Setting an address of 0 0 0 0 enables DHCP allowing an IP address to be automatically assigned by a DHCP network server After changing the IP address
28. ere is a Paradise MIB that defines a high level set of objects such as SSPA modem BUC etc There is also a lower level MIB that defines the specific M amp C controls of the modem Both are required The SNMP MIBs are provided on the modem and can be downloaded from the web page shown below The SNMP facilities of the modem are documented in the Remote M amp C Specification for Evolution Series Modems The SNMP configuration screen found under the Edit Unit M8 C Advanced menu tab is shown below PARADISE DATACOM AS STATUS SUMMARY Advanced Upgrade ID Paradise P3210 modem Serial No 999 Mode In control Control Shared System location Modem location Administrator contact information Read only access community name publi Read write access oy private V1 trap receiver TX CARRIER V2c trap receiver BE Default trap sink community public IP address to send alarms to Limits which IP addresses can send readiwrite commands Passwords needed with each read write command Reconfigure D Deeg Starts or reconfigures SNMP agent Download MIBs Download Paradise MIBs to PC UNIT STATUS Read only source identifier d RX TRAFFIC TX TRAFFIC Read write source identifiar Jd TEST MODE Tag sent with each alarm indicating who it is from Help Move the cursor over an item s label for help SNMP Configuration Screen A basic form of security is provided by the use of community na
29. es vw Constellation data V Rx EbNo Y Recipient s email testoparadise co uk Subject Paradise Evolution Mode Help Reply to fanother aol com Email report inteval Every Month y Move the cursor over an item s Unit faults label for help Send Email now Email Configuration Screen As an example of how to use email data within a spreadsheet consider the case of graphing constellation data This can be done through the following steps e Having set up the modem to a working state configure the SMTP mail server and recipient email details e Select the Constellation data check box and click the Send email now button e Wait for the email to be received at the recipient s account and open it e To import the constellation data into a spreadsheet program Microsoft Excel is used in this example do the following Double click on the email attachment constellation csv and open it this should automatically start Excel if not save the attachment and then open it directly from within Excel e Within Excel highlight the A and B columns Select the Chart Wizard from the toolbar or alternatively select the nsert menu followed by Chart Select XY Scatter as the chart type Select the Scatter topmost sub chart type Select Next and then accept the defaults for Data Range and Series Add a chart title and X and Y titles as desired Select Finish and then resize the resulting graph as desired
30. g just the current system alarms the modem may be requested to send all future unit faults and warnings as and when they occur The modem needs to know where to send all emails in order for them to be forwarded to individual email accounts this is the outgoing SMTP mail server name e g smtp yourmailserver com An account name and password may be necessary Fill out the recipient s email address subject email title and select the appropriate tick boxes and email reporting interval as necessary The Reply to address field is optional and is the address used to deliver failure notifications in the event that an email cannot be delivered to the recipient s email address 7 1 Commercial In Confidence Paradise Datacom Evolution TCP IP White Paper The email configuration screen found under Edit Unit M amp C Email menu tab is shown below PARADISE DATACOM EVOLUTION SERIES ID Paradise P3120 modem Serial No 10500006 Mode In control SNM Email SMTP Mail Server Upgrade Control Shared Outing mail server 10 0 0 2 Account name modem paradise co uk Email Reporting UNIT STATUS RX TRAFFIC Authentication required Y Password aak ak ak k akk ak TX TRAFFIC Distant EbNo v Final BER v Modem temperature Y TEST MODE TX CARRIER System alarms Y PRBS BER v Recipient amp Interval Rx power level v AUPC power offset Y System log M Configuration memori
31. ga user manual can be downloaded from this site To configure a particular routing protocol a telnet session needs to be setup with the appropriate routing protocol Telnet is available on Windows PCs and can be accessed from the Start Run menu by typing A a Type the name of a program folder document or Internet resource and Windows will open it for you Open telnet IP address gt port no Cancel Browse Alternatively bring up a Command Prompt usually available in Start Accessories and type the Telnet command into that for example 9 1 Commercial In Confidence Paradise Datacom Evolution TCP IP White Paper ca Command Prompt C gt telnet 18 1 7B 3 2661_ The IP address used can be either the modem s traffic port or the satellite port but not the M amp C address The port number required represents the routing protocol that you wish to configure RIP 2602 OSPF 2604 BGP 2605 Zebra 2601 NOTE For the telnet session to be successfully established routing to the modem must already be set up correctly including on the local machine Zebra is a routing manager which perhaps most usefully can show the current routing table accumulated from all routing deamons and from statically configured routes The default password for all of these Telnet sessions is Paradise Each routing protocol and Zebra has its own configuration file By entering commands into the Telnet
32. guration Protocol DHCP is used to automatically get an IP address from a DHCP server on the network One request is made every minute until a request is successful Note that there is a separate IP address associated with the IP traffic port Regardless of any other settings this address is used only when either the M amp C port is out of the Ethernet bridge and TCP acceleration mode is selected or when routing mode is selected Note that the modem is not configured for auto sensing the cable type and consequently either a straight or crossover patch cable may be required depending on the equipment being connected typically a straight cable is required when connecting direct to a PC anda crossover cable is required when connecting to a hub or switch Although the modem has the capability of auto sensing the cable type Paradise has found that auto sensing is not implemented in a standard way in all Ethernet devices and this can lead to modems and other devices failing to talk to each other correctly which is why Paradise does not use this feature 2 1 Commercial In Confidence Paradise Datacom Evolution TCP IP White Paper Note 1 From software version V1 9 20 the base modem supports full duplex operation It will not auto sense the duplex setting but must be manually switched with the following Paradise Universal Protocol PUP commands see Reference 2 for information on the PUP protocol To set to full duplex enter the fo
33. han brouting should be used in point to multipoint systems that have a direct return path via satellite Remote Sets up a modem to work as a point to multipoint remote site All modems connected to a point to multipoint bridge network that are situated at remote sites i e not on the hub should be configured to this mode Header Compression This is a bridging point to point mode where UDP and IP packet headers are compressed in order to save satellite bandwidth The bandwidth savings depend on the particular packet sizes being used This feature supports header compression at terrestrial throughput rates of up to 2Mbps via the base modem and throughput rates up to 16896kbps when the IP Traffic card is fitted Mesh The mesh mode supports networks where there is one carrier per site and multiple Rx only modems for receiving from other sites It is implemented as a variation of the point to multipoint bridging mode hub operation Partial mesh networks are also supported Brouting mode Select this mode for all point to multipoint or unidirectional IP systems where there is an indirect return path i e not via satellite Both the Tx and Rx modems should have brouting enabled In this mode the Ethernet bridge in the Tx modem does not expect to receive replies and simply transmits all Ethernet frames over satellite other than those destined for itself TCP acceleration mode This mode provides bridging of non TCP packets combined
34. ial In Confidence 12 Quality of Service The modem includes support for IEEE 802 1p priority tagging This is a layer 2 feature that uses 8 classes of data to prioritise packets The packets must already be tagged at the point of entry to the modem Priority 7 is typically used for network critical traffic such as dynamic routing protocol packets priorities 5 and 6 for video and voice etc The modem uses the priority tag to decide how to process each packet The options are Strict priority queuing packets are queued for transmission based solely on their priority highest will always be sent first Fair weighting queuing higher priority transmitted first but lower priority packets are given a percentage of the bandwidth to stop total starvation The implementation of IEEE 802 1p is as follows The 8 QoS priority levels are mapped to three TCP IP queues in the modem Packets with highest QoS priority level 7 are sent to high priority TCP IP queue Delay sensitive packets QoS levels 6 and 5 are sent to the medium priority queue The remainder QoS levels 4 to 0 are sent to the low priority TCP IP queue For strict priority queuing all packets in high priority queue are processed before any in medium priority queue which in turn are processed before any in the low priority queue For fair weighting queuing for every 4 packets sent from high priority queue 2 are sent from medium queue and 1 from low priority queue Com
35. llowing terr duplex full To set to half duplex enter the following terr duplex half To display the current setting enter the following terr duplex After any change the modem must be rebooted for the change to take effect Both of the Ethernet connections form part of an Ethernet bridge Essentially this makes the modem disappear from the network in relation to passing IP traffic over satellite Consequently there is no user set up other than assigning a single IP address and subnet mask to the modem for M amp C use In addition static routes are supported These are typically not required in bridging mode but are useful in other modes such routing mode or when TCP acceleration is being used For complex network routing requirements an external router may be required The bridge has to learn what devices are on which network segment in order to avoid creating bridging loops where Ethernet frames circulate endlessly using up valuable bandwidth The bridge therefore maintains information on how to forward frames based on replies that are received from each device This learning process typically takes around 15 to 20 seconds after traffic starts to be received by the bridge During this time no traffic will be passed by the bridge It does however have the benefit that by learning how to forward frames the bridge becomes transparent requiring virtually no user set up The modem software supports two basic modes of Etherne
36. lt Gateway s ocio oie de ri free ono 4 10 4 13 Satellite Port IP Address aie aer terr D E rere nette ies 4 10 4 14 Satellite Port Subnet Mask dial e or o er ee ees 4 11 4 15 Satellite Port Default Gateway 4 11 4 16 TOPASGCOIBEBHON waves nt calc oe warts vester rbd chip cepto tet ome hover t did utes ent ten ire 4 12 4 17 Default OSPF Configuration Option 4 13 4 18 Default RIP Configuration Option ss 4 14 5 Network Modes Bridge Mode nnnnnse 5 1 5 1 TCP Performance Enhancing Proxy ore orar i 5 1 5 2 Point to Point Bridglrig limonada a iex ir 5 2 5 3 Point to Multipoint Bridging ss 5 3 5 4 A A do in en 5 6 5 5 What Network Features Do Need ses ni 5 8 6 Routing Mode iin sen NN ti 6 1 7 Modem emall Funcilon ovina 7 1 8 cs AAA tm 8 1 9 IPDynamle AQUINO eret ege eege 9 1 ii Commercial In Confidence 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Paradise Datacom Evolution TCP IP White Paper RIP Routing Information Protocol 2602 9 5 OSPF Open Source Path First 2604 9 5 BGP Border Gateway Protocol 2605 9 8 Zebra Routing Manager 260 Devocional CFR PeEME 9 9 Header Compression 2 enne ert etek nean ban ege serae ee pu ee 10 1 Modem Web Access Over ESC Channel 11 1 el NEE 12 1 HIIP PAC CONG e RS nu ee 13 1 IP Over ESC Chathel ien sens in 14 1 IP Data Via MultiMuKx dem sn pride eb
37. mercial In Confidence 13 HTTP Acceleration Web pages are made up of multiple objects e g each in line image is a separate object Web browsers typically fetch each in line object sequentially one at a time Some browsers will start a second TCP connection so two objects can be fetched in parallel but typically no more than this This means that a web page with several images will typically take multiples times the satellite delay before it is fully displayed Paradise HTTP acceleration uses a web proxy to prefetch web page inline objects over satellite prior to them being requested by the web browser With respect to the diagram below e All web page HTTP requests are intercepted by Modem 1 which performs any necessary DNS domain name resolution e Modem 1 passes any fetched web pages to the web browser but also parses each web page for inline objects e Modem 1 requests all inline objects at once from the web server via Modem 2 BEFORE the web browser requests them e Full web page is therefore typically displayed around 30 faster on average Satellite network Host Remote station f station Host Host Host ae 2 Cm ro Internet D SE Y Host Router vas dl Commercial In Confidence 14 IP Over ESC Channel The Engineering Service Channel ESC is a low rate communications channel separate from main data channel It is available when a framed satellite service is selected Amongst other uses it can be u
38. mes if an SNMP request is made and an incorrect community name is specified for the particular SNMP operation then the request is rejected Also requests can be limited to coming from specific IP addresses SNMP traps are supported which allows the modem to inform the network manager when an alarm occurs The user interface allows the entry of an IP address of the trap server that should be notified when alarms occur in the modem Alarm notifications are sent only once and do not require any acknowledgement from the trap server Commercial In Confidence Evolution Modem TCP IP Functionality White Paper The Paradise SNMP implementation supports HP OpenView The choice of SNMP network manager is left to the user A simple free MIB browser is available from IReasoning This is shown below iReasoning MIB Browser File Edit Tools Help Address 10 0 14 14 161 Advanced OID 1 3 6 1 4 1 20712 2 5 1 1 2 1 3z SNMP MIBs Name OID MIE Tree H A DMD20 MIB iso org dad intei H E IPOS MIB iso org dad intern P3000 MIB iso org dod inter H E mcp Edit G E mcp View Description Source i EIS View Unit Specif o org dod internet private enterpr Lf ManufacturerID Timestamp 58 minutes 10 seconds M amp C value retrieved from modem Pe SerialNumber i SoftwareVersio f FirmwareVersio Window for viewing alarms from modem ff BxBoardConfig H E View SAF H A View Monitor 7 73 View Alarms MIB tree of individ
39. ng sections are mutually exclusive i e only one of the modes can be active at a given point in time These apply when P Mode is set to Bridge Mode 5 1 TCP Performance Enhancing Proxy TCP Transmission Control Protocol is a transport level protocol that sits above the network IP and data link Ethernet MAC levels It is a connection oriented protocol that provides guaranteed end to end delivery of data packets in the right order TCP traffic in an Evolution modem can be accelerated thereby increasing the throughput rate that is achieved Other formats of TCP IP data such as UDP User Datagram Protocol do not require acceleration as they do not have any feedback mechanisms from the receiver back to the sender and therefore do not attempt to restrict throughput dependent on the perceived operating conditions of the link TCP acceleration in the Evolution modem is point to point only point to multipoint is not supported TCP acceleration cannot be selected at the same time as bridging or brouting modes Consequently in bridging and brouting modes TCP traffic is not accelerated by the modem Standard TCP treats any delay in receiving acknowledgements for data that is sent and any request to retransmit data caused by bit errors in the received data as being caused by network congestion and therefore throttles back the TCP throughput in response For satellite systems which have a typical round trip time of around half a second
40. o sensing 10 100Mbps Ethernet connections These support half duplex operation as standard but can be changed to full duplex under software control see Note 1 Full duplex operation requires that only one other Ethernet device is on the same physical network segment as the modem in order to avoid data collisions which cannot be detected in full duplex mode One of the Ethernet ports can be switched to the main modem traffic channel for sending and receiving TCP IP data over satellite while the other can be used for remote M amp C monitor and control M amp C control can be via the Simple Network Management Protocol SNMP an embedded web server that sends web pages to a web browser a Telnet style terminal emulation application or via TCP packets that encapsulate Paradise Universal Protocol PUP commands Although the two connectors are used for IP traffic and remote M amp C respectively they are in fact interchangeable since the modem acts as an Ethernet bridge meaning satellite IP traffic and modem M amp C messages can use the same single connector if preferred Consequently there is no user set up other than assigning a single IP address subnet mask and if required a default gateway to the modem If required the Ethernet M amp C port can be removed from the bridge in this case the two Ethernet ports function independently of each other Note that an M amp C IP address of 0 0 0 0 can be entered in which case Dynamic Host Confi
41. ocol at the same level as UDP and TCP on top of IP it is IP protocol 89 Some of the things that can be configured for OSPF via the Telnet interface are Router priority How to redistribute other routes Y Enable disable OSPF Y Enable disable OSPF on an interface Y Enabling disabling passive interfaces Y Adjust OSPF timers retransmit limits etc Y Route metric manipulation v OSPF area control configuration v Filtering v Authentication v v It will probably be more efficient to use OSPF over the satellite link than RIP If your existing network uses RIP you could still use OSPF over the satellite This is because you can enable more than one routing protocol at the same time and because Quagga passes routes discovered from one routing protocol to others to redistribute To do this enable OSPF only over the satellite port and RIP on the terrestrial ports This then ensure that RIP and OSPF can redistribute the others routes which is the default behaviour anyway An example network might be like this 10 1 03 b A 10 5 04 OSPF Assuming that both RIP and OSPF have been enabled from the front panel this section shows you how to further tune the configuration to achieve the above You will of course need to configure the modems at both ends of the satellite link in the same way 9 6 Commercial In Confidence Paradise Datacom Evolution TCP IP White Paper First OSPF User Access Verification Password pa
42. om Evolution TCP IP White Paper 9 IP Dynamic Routing Paradise Datacom supports dynamic routing via the Quagga software package version 0 98 6 or higher The IPv4 features of Quagga are supported including the RIP OSPF and BGP routing protocols Configuration of dynamic routing protocols can be complex Paradise provides a default configuration for the RIP and OSPF protocols that can be enabled from the front panel These default configurations should work in most circumstances Further configuration of all routing protocols is available for expert users via a telnet interface to the Quagga software This provides a Cisco IOS like interface which will be familiar to users of Cisco equipment NOTE If the configuration is changed from the front panel after it has been changed via the telnet interface then the changes via telnet will be lost A basic introduction to configuring the routing protocols is given in the following sections It is not the intention to explain all Quagga configuration options here instead users are referred to the Quagga user manual Reference 3 for these details Please note that the Quagga manual also includes sections on RIPng and OSPFv3 neither of these which are IPv6 specific are supported by Paradise at this time Users can find useful information on Quagga via its web site at www quagga net There is a very active and helpful user community forum which may help solving configuration issues The Quag
43. ompt and there is a hierarchy of commands these are called modes The enable command is the first level of these and is almost always needed to achieve anything useful Other commands that change modes are configure terminal interface lt port gt and router lt rip ospf bgp gt The exif command takes the current mode back down to the previous mode For example from an OSPF telnet session 9 3 Commercial In Confidence Paradise Datacom Evolution TCP IP White Paper ol Telnet 10 1 User Access Verification Password paradise ospfd gt paradise ospfd gt echo Echo a message back to the vty enable Turn on privileged mode command exit Exit current mode and down to previous mode help Description of the interactive help system list Print command list quit Exit current mode and down to previous mode show Show running system information terminal Set terminal line parameters who Display who is on vty paradise ospfd gt enable Password Password paradise ospfdit paradise ospfd configure terminal Configuration terminal paradise ospfd H configure terminal paradise ospfdCconfig itl paradise ospfdconfig gt H access list Add an access list entry banner Set banner string debug Debugging functions see also undebug gt enable Modify enable password parameters end End current mode and change to enable mode exit Exit current mode and down to previous mode help Description of the interactive help system
44. on file If the IP traffic card reboots for any reason such as for a configuration change entered via the front panel then the configuration change entered in the telnet session will be lost if it was not saved Use write file to save any changes made once you are happy with them 9 4 Commercial In Confidence Paradise Datacom Evolution TCP IP White Paper Readers are referred to Section 3 4 of the Quagga manual Reference3 for basic information about using the telnet interface and Sections 4 5 7 and 9 for Zebra RIP OSPF and BGP configuration commands respectively 9 1 RIP Routing Information Protocol 2602 RIP is an IGP which means it operates within an Autonomous System AS RIP is an example of a distance vector algorithm which basically means that every so often each router broadcasts its routing table to whoever may be interested in listening to it The number of hops to each destination gets included in the broadcast RIP was one of the first dynamic routing protocols on the internet and is easy to configure There are two versions of RIP both of which are supported by the Paradise implementation RIP messages are carried in UDP on port 520 Some of the things that can be configured for RIP via the Telnet interface are as follows Enable disable RIP Enable disable RIP on an interface network Configure interfaces to listen but not broadcast information Version control What to distribute from other rou
45. on to the diagram shown overleaf IP equipment plugged into a hub modem will issue ARP requests to obtain the corresponding IP addresses No responses to ARP requests will be received in this situation as there is no return path via the hub modem This will result in IP requests never even getting to the modem because they do not have an associated MAC address returned from the ARP request In order to get IP equipment at the hub to send traffic destined for networks 10 1 0 0 16 and 10 2 0 0 16 via the hub modem router 10 0 0 1 in the diagram must be set to forward traffic to the hub modem which acts as the gateway to these networks When this is done all traffic for these networks will be trusted to the hub modem and no ARP requests need to be sent over the satellite In fact any ARP responses that are received over the satellite are dropped in Brouting mode and not processed consequently Brouting should never be selected when a direct rather than indirect return path is being used because data will either not be passed at all or will stop within a short period of time The hub modem indiscriminantly forwards all requests through to the satellite channel On the remote modems the Ethernet MAC addresses passed in data from the hub modem will not match any device on the site To combat this all packets received via satellite are passed up the IP stack to enable the IP address to be resolved to the correct MAC address Once these steps have
46. pd config router show running conf ig Current configuration D hostname paradise ripd password paradise log file ripd log notifications log record priority no banner motd D interface br no ip rip authentication mode D interface eth ip rip authentication mode text interface eth1 ip rip authentication mode text interface hdlc8 no ip rip authentication mode D interface lo ip rip authentication mode text 2 interface teql18 ip rip authentication mode text D router rip redistribute kernel redistribute connected redistribute static redistribute ospf redistribute bgp network br D line vty t end paradise ripd conf ig router gt paradise ripd config router H exit paradise ripd lt config gt H paradise ripdtconfigH exit paradise ripd paradise ripd 9 3 BGP Border Gateway Protocol 2605 BGP is an EGP this means it is used to connect together ASs Each AS connected together by BGP would be using an IGP internally such as OSPF or RIP BGP uses TCP on port 179 9 8 Commercial In Confidence Paradise Datacom Evolution TCP IP White Paper BGP requires all neighbour routers to be explicitly configured which means it is not possible for Paradise to provide a default BGP configuration All BGP configurations can be setup via its Telnet interface A BGP router establishes a session with each of its neighbours Routes which are advertised and exchanged have various rules applied to
47. pgrade Network Re or TES ENT EC DUT EE DETTE EEE Header Compresion Serial No 10500355 D Mode In control Destination Subnet mask Click to apply routes Control Shared zm Route 1 10 0 30 1 255 255 0 0 v UNIT STATUS Route 2 RX TRAFFIC Route 3 TX TRAFFIC TEST MODE Route 4 TX CARRIER Route 5 Mn Route 7 Help Route 8 L Enter each static route values Route 9 and click the checkbox When SS all the routes have been Route 10 entered click the button to create the routes The modem Route 11 O may take 30 40 seconds to omplete this task Route 12 O Route 13 Route 14 lt eng Header Compression Configuration Screen 10 2 Commercial In Confidence 11 Modem Web Access Over ESC Channel When a framed service is selected it is possible to use the ESC channel to fetch web pages from a remote modem thereby allowing M amp C control of the remote modem via the normal web interface Because the ESC channel is low rate the modem implements this feature in a very efficient manner Instead of fetching each entire web page the local modem sends commands over the ESC channel to fetch the required data which it then populates into a locally generated web page before sending this onto to the web browser The selection of Local or Remote mode is made through the toggle switch on the right hand top corner of each web page as shown below VIEW TEST HELP LOGOUT a Local Remote Modem Web Interface Toggle Switch Commerc
48. port is required does the network include an indirect return path not via satellite o Yes The Brouting SAF feature is required o No The point to multipoint bridge mode is required which is part of the base modem functionality Is more than one of the following required at the same time TCP acceleration bridging and brouting o Yes The modem can only be in one these modes at any one time Networks can be built up where different sets of modems are in different modes but modems will only communicate successfully with other modems that are in the same mode o No There is no issue 5 9 Commercial In Confidence Paradise Datacom Evolution TCP IP White Paper 6 Routing Mode When using the optional P3714 IP Traffic card it is possible to configure the modem to operate as a two port router One port is the satellite interface and the other is the two terrestrial interfaces on the IP Traffic card which are bridged together Each port gets its own IP address and IP traffic is forwarded based on the contents of a routing table contained within the modem M amp C traffic is handled on the base modem and has its own separate IP address For example this could be a possible network 10 1 03 Lt A 10 5 04 Note that both point to point and point to multipoint routing are supported Point to multipoint routing can use either static routing or RIP but not OSPF or BGP In the case of point to multipoint routing each remote will rec
49. r have a large number of small packet sizes 150 bytes or less o Yes UDP packets are supported at rates of up to 10000 packets per second This equates to 5Mbps for the smallest VOIP Ethernet frames of 64bytes and equates to 55Mbps for the largest possible UDP packet sizes The modem supports higher throughput rates as the packet size increases up to 55Mbps of UDP data with large packet sizes around 1500 bytes o No Continue to the next question e Is the Evolution modem required to interoperate with another type of modem in relation to passing TCP IP traffic o Yes The Evolution modem transmits Ethernet data encapsulated within HDLC frames over the satellite Even although other non Evolution modems may be set to use compatible forward error correction and modulation schemes as the Evolution modem they may not recognize the particular way in which the TCP IP data is being transmitted and will therefore not pass the TCP IP data successfully o No Continue to the next question e Does the network require point to point links 5 8 Commercial In Confidence Paradise Datacom Evolution TCP IP White Paper o Yes This is supported by the point to point bridge mode which is part of the base modem functionality o No Continue to the next question Does the network require point to multipoint links o Yes There are two possible solutions Proceed to the next question o No Skip the next question Assuming point to multipoint sup
50. radise ospfd gt paradise ospfd gt enable Password Password paradise os pf dit paradise ospfdft configure terminal paradise ospfd lt conf ig gt paradise ospfdtconfig gt router ospf paradise ospfd lt conf ig router gt paradise ospfd config router gt no network 18 1 76 3 16 area 0 0 0 0 paradise ospfd conf ig router gt paradise ospfd config router show running config Current configuration H hostname paradise ospfd password paradise enable password paradise log file ospfd log notifications log record priority no banner motd D interface br D interface eth D interface ethi D interface hdlc D interface lo D interface teql18 router ospf redistribute kernel redistribute connected redistribute static redistribute rip redistribute bgp network 16 2 76 1 16 area 6 6 6 6 D paradise ospfd conf ig router gt paradise ospfd config router gt exit paradise ospfd lt conf ig gt paradise ospfdtconfig gt exit paradise ospf dit paradise ospfdit Now RIP 9 7 Commercial In Confidence Paradise Datacom Evolution TCP IP White Paper User Access Verification Password paradise ripd paradise ripd gt enable paradise ripdit paradise ripd configure terminal paradise ripd conf ig gt paradise ripd config ft router rip paradise ripd conf ig router gt paradise ripd config router no network hdlc paradise ripd config router H paradise ri
51. satellite to be received by the destination modem The hub modem M amp C IP interface is marked as unreliable because daisychaining means that they may not receive any reply from the destination device on those interfaces The hub satellite interface is marked as unreliable causing received data which may be for another remote modem to be sent back over the satellite again The hub Tx modem satellite interface is additionally marked as a repeater so that data that comes in via its satellite interface for which there is no direct path to the destination is sent back out on the same interface this is required to allow two remote modems to communicate with each other The remote modem satellite interface is marked as unreliable to allow broadcasts from the remote modem to work properly With point to multipoint bridging it will be necessary to set up a static route at each of the remote modems if and only if it is required to perform M amp C operations with respect to those modems If there are a number of networks hanging off the remote modems then it is not necessary to set up static routes in the modems when bridging is being used The bridge hub mode can also be used as a form of promiscuous mode where an Rx modem will forward all received data to the terrestrial interface 5 4 Commercial In Confidence Paradise Datacom Evolution TCP IP White Paper Remote Remote Modem Modem 10 1 03 PC 5 5 Commercial In Confidence
52. sed for separate IP communications e g e Voice over IP conversation e SNMP requests to remote modem e Internet access e Remote modem web page access An example showing how the ESC channel could be used for VOIP communications is shown below Be Ke Standard VolP Gateway VolP Gateway Standard Analogue Router Router Analogue Telephone Telephone Ethernet IF L band Connections Evolution Modem Evolution Modem Simple VoIP and Ethernet over Satellite Simulation Points to be noted regarding IP over ESC usage are 1 When in IP mode the ESC channel implements Point to Point PPP protocol over Ethernet allowing IP traffic to be sent over what is actually a serial interface This introduces some overhead 2 In IP mode the ESC channel forms part of the modem Ethernet bridge and IP traffic will be automatically routed over the ESC channel when required Note that when IP is also used as the main data channel interface then it is not deterministic as to whether particular IP packets will be bridged over the ESC channel or over the main data channel unless an IP card is fitted 3 AUPC can be used at the same time provided there is sufficient ESC bandwidth to accommodate both AUPC messages and the user IP traffic Commercial In Confidence Evolution Modem TCP IP Functionality White Paper 4 For very low bandwidth it is recommended that P300 AUPC emulation mode is used This uses the ESC channel in
53. serial mode rather than IP mode and allows very efficient communication However user IP traffic is not supported over the ESC channel in P300 emulation mode 14 2 COMMERCIAL IN CONFIDENCE 15 IP Data Via MultiMux The MultiMux is a feature based on the Quad El interface card that allows IP data to be multiplexed with either or both serial data and E1 data and presented on a single carrier lt can e Take 1 to 3 Eis each with Drop Insert e Take IP traffic specified as a multiple of 64kbps up to data rate limit of 2Mbps e Take serial data such as V 35 specified as a multiple of 64kbps up to data rate limit of 2Mbps All of the data is multiplexed together onto the main satellite data channel and demultiplexed at the other end of the link It is particularly useful for transitioning GSM systems from E1 to TCP IP where a hybrid solution is required involving support for both types of data Commercial In Confidence 16 SNMP It is possible to enable and configure the Simple Network Management Protocol SNMP V1 V2C agent within the modem through the web interface Note that SNMP V3 is also supported but currently must be set up via telnet rather than through the user interface SNMP is switched off by default An SNMP network manager is needed to communicate with the modem The network manager needs to understand what M amp C controls the modem supports This information is provided via two MIBs Management Information Bases Th
54. session it is possible to manipulate and manage the configuration file The manual Reference 3 lists many commands that can be typed into the telnet session to achieve this For example to display the current contents of the routing table via Zebra use show ip route ca Telnet 10 1 70 3 E User Access Verification Password paradise zebra gt paradise zebra gt show ip route Codes K kernel route G connected S static R RIP O OSPF I ISIS B BGP gt selected route FIB route K gt 6 6 6 6 via 16 1 76 6 br 0 10 1 0 0 16 110 101 is directly connected br 3di9h44m 180 1 0 0 16 is directly connected br 10 2 0 0 16 116 16 is directly connected hdlc 3di9h44m 16 2 0 0 16 is directly connected hdlc 10 3 0 0 16 via 18 2 70 3 hdlc 10 4 0 0 16 110 2801 via 18 2 780 4 hdlc O 3d19h44m 16 5 6 6 16 110 201 via 18 2 78 2 hdlcG 3d19h44m 127 0 0 0 8 is directly connected lo paradise zebra gt paradise zebra gt 9 2 Commercial In Confidence Paradise Datacom Evolution TCP IP White Paper It is important to understand that hdlcO is the satellite port and brO is the two terrestrial ports bridged together A very useful feature is the ability to type to get a list of the currently available commands The can also be used part way through typing a command to find out what is expected next Like IOS not all commands are available at the base pr
55. t bridge operation Firstly there is a point to point mode for when one modem is transmitting to and receiving from one other modem The bridging software expects to receive replies that it uses to build up information about what devices exist on specific network segments Secondly there is a point to multipoint mode for when one modem is transmitting to several modems In this mode the Ethernet bridge of the transmitting modem does not expect to receive replies from the receiving modems and simply transmits all packets over satellite that are not destined for itself Since each modem receives all of the data it is the user s responsibility to filter out any data that is not required at a particular remote location typically using a 2 2 Commercial In Confidence Paradise Datacom Evolution TCP IP White Paper router to do this However the modem supports two features that can help with this process as described in Note 2 below Note 2 VLAN Tagging The modem supports IEEE 802 1q VLAN tags If data is received with these tags then the data complete with tags is transported transparently over satellite However it is also possible for the modem to use VLAN tags over just the satellite portion of the link to support point to multipoint operation where there is a return path and VLAN tags are not already present in the data coming into the modems In this mode each remote modem is assigned a unique VLAN tag 4094 tags are available b
56. t systems In this mode the Ethernet bridge builds up bridging information based on the replies it receives back allowing it to ascertain which network segment devices are located on In order for bridging to work therefore the point to point link must be duplex so that the sending modem is able to receive replies from the receiving modem The bridge tables are based on replies to broadcasted ARP Address Resolution Protocol requests that are used to translate IP addresses to Ethernet addresses When a reply is received from a device on a specific interface then that interface is tagged with details of the pair of Ethernet IP addresses Both modems must be on the same subnet for point to point bridging to work Bridge mode should not be used when TCP traffic is being passed at data rates above 128kbps unless external acceleration is being used An example of a point to point bridge network is shown overleaf 5 2 Commercial In Confidence Paradise Datacom Evolution TCP IP White Paper 10 1 0 1 Modem 10 1 0 2 5 3 Point to Multipoint Bridging Bridging can also be used in point to multipoint systems provided there is a direct return path over satellite One of two modes Hub or Remote needs to be selected depending on whether the modem is situated at the hub or at a remote site It is not necessary for modems to be on the same subnet for point to multipoint bridging to work 5 3 Commercial In Confidence Paradise Data
57. them to decide which of them should be added into the local routing table Some of the things that can be configured for BGP via the Telnet interface are Enable disable BGP BGP route metric manipulation Which routes to announce Which routes to distribute Neighbouring BGP routers and their configuration Filtering Route maps Community list control Capability negotiation Route server control NSSS SS NS AS 9 4 Zebra Routing Manager 2601 Zebra manages all of the routes discovered by the other routing protocols adding and deleting them from the modems routing table as appropriate Zebra can be used to add or delete static routes using the ip route command To display all of the routes in the modem use the show ip route command 9 9 Commercial In Confidence Paradise Datacom Evolution TCP IP White Paper Satellite b ip route 10 5 0 0 16 blackhole ip route 10500116 102 70 2 ip mute 10 6 007 16 10 2 70 5 ip route 10 1 00 16 10 2 70 1 ip route 1065 00 16 blackhole First ensure that dynamic routing is turned off over the satellite it can still be enabled on the terrestrial ports then setup the static routes as indicated on the diagram 9 10 Commercial In Confidence Paradise Datacom Evolution TCP IP White Paper Modem A configuration User Access Verification Password paradise zebra gt paradise zebra gt show ip route Codes K kernel route C connected static R RIP
58. ting protocols Route filters and route map support Authentication RIP timer values SS nn SN E 9 2 OSPF Open Source Path First 2604 Like RIP OSPF is an IGP OSPF has some advantages over RI it scales better is less bandwidth intensive and converges faster OSPF is an example of a link state routing protocol Each router builds up complete information about the network topology in the area it operates in From this it calculates the best routes to all destinations and these are then the entries that are added to the routing table An OSPF system can be divided up into a number of different areas Area zero 0 or 0 0 0 0 is the backbone area and this is used in the Paradise default configuration Please use the Telnet interface to change this in any specific case where this assumption is incorrect Within an area a designated router and a backup are elected Routing updates are sent to the designated router which passes them to all routers in the area Summaries of the link state database are passed between areas An OSPF area can be classified as various different types and routers get designated to be different router types depending 9 5 Commercial In Confidence Paradise Datacom Evolution TCP IP White Paper on their location in an area Any further technical discussion of OSPF is considered to be beyond the scope of this simple introduction but readers are encouraged to seek other sources of information OSPF is a prot
59. ual M amp C controls C3 mcp Test GL Node Name ModelNumber OID 1 3 6 1 4 1 20712 2 8 Syntax DisplayString Access read only mandatory 16 2 COMMERCIAL IN CONFIDENCE Evolution Modem TCP IP Functionality White Paper 17 Framing Overhead Versus Throughput The relationship between data link rate and the amount of data that can be transferred for a typical framing overhead of 70 bytes is shown below 70 bytes is a fairly typical level of overhead when TCP or UDP headers IP headers and Ethernet headers are taken into account but it will vary depending on exactly what protocols are being used In the table below for example 243810 bytes of user data per second i e 1 95Mbps bits per second can theoretically be transferred over a 2 048Mbps satellite link Note that the table gives the theoretical maximum throughput the actual level of throughput that is achieved for UDP and TCP data is defined in Sections 2 and 5 1 Maximum throughput bytes s for header size of 70 bytes Packet Size bytes Modem Data Rate bit s 50 100 200 300 500 1000 1200 1400 2048000 106 667 150 588 189 630 207 568 224 561 239 252 241 890 243 810 5120000 266 667 376 471 474 074 518 919 561 404 598 131 604 724 609 524 8192000 426 667 602 353 758 519 830 270 898 246 957 009 967 559 975 238 16384000 853 333 1 204 706 1 517 037 1 660 541 1 796 491 1 914 019 1 935 118 1 950 476 25600000 1 333 333 1 882 353 2 370 370 2 594 595 2 807 018 2 990 654 3 023 622 3 04
60. ult Description 1 0 Sets a specific value of VLAN id This is required only for remote modems assigning a VLAN id to a Hub modem has no effect The VLAN id is used to uniquely identify each remote modem It is used to filter wanted from unwanted IP packets in point to multipoint systems where there is a direct return path and VLAN tags are not already being used in relation to the data entering the modems from the terrestrial network VLAN ids of remote modems are automatically learnt by the Hub and all traffic destined for a particular remote modem is tagged at the Hub allowing it to filter wanted traffic The VLAN tags are removed by the modems prior to onward transmission 4 8 Commercial In Confidence Paradise Datacom Evolution TCP IP White Paper 4 10 Traffic Port IP Address Edit Unit Interface Terrestrial Traffic Port IP Address Terrestrial Traffic port IP address Change 000 000 000 000 ENTER next To 000 000 000 000 BACK prev Factory default 0 0 0 0 Description Sets the IP traffic address for the terrestrial interface when the modem is in routing mode or when both the M amp C port is out of the Ethernet bridge and TCP acceleration mode is selected In routing mode the two ports on the IP traffic card are always bridged together and given this IP address 4 11 Traffic Port Subnet Mask Edit Unit Interface Terrestrial Traffic Port IP Netmask Terrestrial Traffic port IP netmask Change 255 255 255
61. with acceleration of TCP packets using a Performance Enhancing Proxy PEP that overcomes performance problems associated with using standard TCP over satellite TCP acceleration mode Header Compression Only applicable if an IP traffic Interface card is fitted This mode provides bridging of non TCP packets acceleration of TCP packets and header 4 4 Commercial In Confidence Factory default Description Paradise Datacom Evolution TCP IP White Paper compression Bridge mode This allows selection of the mode of operation of the modem Ethernet bridge See Section 5 for further details of bridge operation 4 6 Bridge Filtering Edit Unit Interface Terrestrial IP Bridge Filtering Screen Options Factory default Description Bridge filtering Off 1 Off 2 0n Off In this mode the bridge will forward all traffic not destined for the local subnet to the default gateway if one has been specified If the default gateway is a router then this allows the router to be set up to filter data in whatever way is appropriate On In this mode the bridge will discard all traffic other than that destined for the local subnet This can be useful in preventing network loops from occurring A network loop can be created for example in a point to multipoint scenario where there are multiple Rx only modems with a common indirect return path and a default gateway is specified that causes data not destined for a
62. y the user The hub Tx modem automatically learns what tags are being used by each remote lt also learns which devices are connected to each remote lt then adds a VLAN tag to each incoming packet labeling it with the correct VLAN id for the particular remote it is destined for At each remote all packets are inspected and rejected unless they contain the relevant VLAN tag for that particular remote thus filtering out unwanted data This operation is performed at a low level and is very efficient The remotes remove the VLAN tags for onward transmission of packets onto the local network at the remote VLAN tagging by the modem is supported only in point to multipoint mode selected by setting the Ethernet traffic mode to Hub or Remote as appropriate Brouting Filtering When using Brouting mode to implement point to multipoint mode where there is an indirect return path then there is a user option for the remote modem to filter out all packets other than those intended for the modem itself and the local network This stops unwanted packets being proliferated onwards and creating potential packet storms There is a default gateway IP address that can be set When specified i e the value is not 0 0 0 0 then the gateway provides a next hop IP address for all destinations that are not on the local subnet Typically this is the address of a router that has been set up to forward packets to the correct network The gateway is used when the mo

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