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AP200 CO2/H2O Atmospheric Profile System

1. Name Units Statistic ee When od m sample flow Avg ml min Avg end omit always pump press Avg kPa Avg end omit always pump control Avg Avg end omit always pump speed Avg Hz Avg end omit always PumpTmprOK Avg Avg all always pump tmpr Avg SC Avg all always pump heat Avg Avg all always pump fan Avg Avg all always ValveTmprOK Avg Avg all always valve tmpr Avg ES Avg all always valve heat Avg Avg all always valve fan Avg Avg all always intake heat Avg Avg all always batt volt Avg V Avg all always BattVoltLOW Avg Avg all always panel tmpr Avg Avg all always interval_counter Smp last sample always CO2 Std ppm Std end_omit always H20_Std ppt Std end_omit always cell_tmpr_Std C Std end_omit always cell press Std kPa Std end omit always sample flow Std ml min Std end omit always pump press Std kPa Std end omit always pump control Std Std end omit always pump speed Std Hz Std end omit always T air Avg 1 Eo Avg all N_AirTemps gt 0 T air Avg 2 C Avg all N_AirTemps gt 1 T air Avg 3 C Avg all N AirTemps gt 2 T_air_Avg 4 C Avg all N_AirTemps gt 3 T air Avg 5 C Avg all N AirTemps gt 4 T_air_Avg 6 C Avg all N_AirTemps gt 5 T_air_Avg 7 C Avg all N_AirTemps gt 6 T_air_Avg 8 C Avg all N AirTemps gt 7 D 7 Appendix D Output Tables RawData The RawData table stores each sample of the AP200 dat
2. F 1 G AC DC Adapter Kit na G 1 H Using Swagelok Fittings H 1 EIER Assembly Tr H 1 H 2 Common Replacement Parts uu22uesrsnnsennesnnnennennenennnnsnnnennn H 2 l Useful EQUAIONS coin l 1 Table of Contents J AP200 Pump Replacement J 1 J 1 Introduction under J 1 J2 ROMO Vales uie terere Eie ettet tte Pee pM pt Pide eR OPE J 1 J 3 Installation assessment P Per EROR J 4 Figures 4 Interior of AP200 system enclosure 3 4 2 Side view of AP200 intake assembly sss 3 4 3 Side view of earlier generation AP200 intake assembly 4 4 4 The IRGA installed in the AP200 system enclosure 4 4 5 Campbell Scientific NL115 and CFM100 CompactFlash storage inni e id 5 4 6 CFMC2G 2GB CompactFlash memory card 5 4 7 AP200 keyboard display mounted in system enclosure 6 4 8 AC DC power adapter kit installed in AP200 nee 7 4 9 17752 USB memory card reader writer sss 8 4 10 107 L temperature probe mounted with radiation shield 8 4 11 CR1000KD handheld keyboard display sesssss 9 4 12 Syringe filter of current AP200 intake assembly 10 4 13 Disk filter of early AP200 intak
3. In very humid conditions it may be helpful to seal the cable feedthrough with plumber s putty T 3 Intake Filters The sample flow will decrease over time as particulates clog the intake filters Eventually the flow will be reduced to the extent that it will degrade the equilibration time after an intake is selected As a general guideline the filters should be replaced when the flow decreases by 25 The filters will normally last a few months but will require more frequent changes in conditions with high particulate matter in the air To change the intake filter first turn the pump off to avoid pulling dirty air into the system Open the cover of the intake assembly as shown in FIGURE 5 14 The rain diverter intake assembly with filter and intake tubing are shown in FIGURE 5 15 Press the rain diverter upwards and out of the bracket as shown in FIGURE 7 1 47 AP200 COz H20 Atmospheric Profile System 48 NOTE FIGURE 7 1 Releasing rain diverter from intake assembly Slide the foam insulation down the tube to expose the filter Unthread the rain diverter from the filter Place the rain diverter loosely in its mounting hole to keep it from falling Unthread the filter from the orifice To avoid the risk of dropping the orifice keep the orifice attached to the tube The orifice usually does not need to be replaced as a result of normal usage However if it becomes clogged damaged or lost it may be repla
4. Similar to the profile sequence the zero span sequence timing parameters are implemented as a set of three arrays CalSequence CalOnCounts and CalOmitCounts These arrays are not accessible in the Public table but they are output to the Timelnfo table as a record of the system configuration See Appendix D Output Tables for details on this table Each zero span sequence adds two records to the SiteAvg and CalAvg output tables one for CO Span and one for Zero With Zero and Span If the AP200 is configured with MEASURE TANKS True and AUTO ZEROSPAN True it will check the zero and CO span command the IRGA to set them and then verify the new readings This section gives timing details for this case The AP200 zero span sequence will e Select inlet 10 CO Span omit at least 20 s for equilibration and include 10 s in the average e Select inlet 9 Zero omit at least 30 s for equilibration and include 10 s in the average Stay on inlet 9 Zero and set the CO zero 10 s Stay on inlet 9 Zero and set the H2O zero 10 s Stay on inlet 9 Zero and average for 10 s Select inlet 10 CO Span equilibrate for 30 s and average 10 s Stay on inlet 10 CO Span and set the CO span 10 s Stay on inlet 10 CO Span and average for 10 s Appendix F Valve Sequence Timing Select inlet 1 to allow at least 10 s extra equilibration time This allows the humidity in the tubing and IRGA to equilibrate befo
5. The AP200 program stores data in several output tables Details are given for each table IntAvg The primary output table is IntAvg Interval Average A record is written to this table at the end of every output interval 30 min Space is allocated on the memory card for 4 800 records 100 days at one record per 30 min The CPU has storage allocated for 480 records 10 days This table has a set of values for each level that includes CO2 H2O cell tmpr cell press NumSamples and sample flow These values are averages of all samples on that level after omitting data subsequent to the valve switch for equilibration For example if all eight levels are used the cycle time is 2 min In each 2 min cycle the AP200 will spend 15 s on each level one to eight For each level the first 10 s are omitted and the remaining 5 s are included in the averages For this example the number of samples in the half hour averaging interval will be 5 s x 2 samples s x 15 cycles 150 samples This number will change if a different number of levels is used or if a zero span sequence is run during the averaging interval If fewer than eight levels are used as determined by system configuration variable LEVELS USED the unused levels will contain 0 or NAN Note The columns for extra levels will be omitted if constant MaxLevels has been set to a value less than 8 See Section 5 4 2 Compile Switches for details on setting program constants In add
6. While the IRGA is setting the span the value for Td ambient will not be available and NAN will be displayed This will take approximately 10 s When the process is complete Td ambient will again be displayed Verify that the value is close to the value of H20SpanDewPt 45 AP200 CO2 H2O Atmospheric Profile System T 46 NOTE To avoid pulling unfiltered air into the AP200 do not shut down or disconnect the dewpoint generator until the valve sequence has been restarted as described in Section 6 2 5 Restart the Sequence Press Esc to return to the Manual Zero Span menu 6 2 5 Restart the Sequence At the conclusion of the manual zero span process restart the automatic valve sequence Go to the last line of the Manual Zero Span menu and set STARTsequence True Verify valve number changes to and look at the LEDs on the valve module to confirm that valve 1 is active The AP200 will stay on valve until it is synchronized with the real time clock Then it will set seq ACTIVE to True and begin the valve sequence See Section 5 5 Starting and Stopping the Sequence for more details on starting the sequence Once the valve number changes to 1 the dewpoint generator may be shut down and disconnected Replace the plug on the AP200 H20 Span inlet Press Esc to return to the AP200 menu 6 2 6 Check the System When the manual zero span process is complete and the valve sequence is restarted select Check Status from th
7. and maintenance of tripods and towers and any attachments to tripods and towers The use of licensed and qualified contractors is highly recommended e Read all applicable instructions carefully and understand procedures thoroughly before beginning work e Wear a hardhat and eye protection and take other appropriate safety precautions while working on or around tripods and towers e Do not climb tripods or towers at any time and prohibit climbing by other persons Take reasonable precautions to secure tripod and tower sites from trespassers e Use only manufacturer recommended parts materials and tools Utility and Electrical e You can be killed or sustain serious bodily injury if the tripod tower or attachments you are installing constructing using or maintaining or a tool stake or anchor come in contact with overhead or underground utility lines e Maintain a distance of at least one and one half times structure height or 20 feet or the distance required by applicable law whichever is greater between overhead utility lines and the structure tripod tower attachments or tools e Prior to performing site or installation work inform all utility companies and have all underground utilities marked e Comply with all electrical codes Electrical equipment and related grounding devices should be installed by a licensed and qualified electrician Elevated Work and Weather e Exercise extreme caution when performing elevated
8. and minimizes flow and pressure transients caused by valve switching The zero span inlets are not bypassed thereby allowing flow only when they are selected These inlets have flow restriction tubes connecting the bulkhead fittings to the valve manifold to set the flow These tubes have the same outer diameter 0 062 in as the ones for the air sample inlets but they have a smaller inner diameter 0 015 in compared to 0 040 in This provides a flow restriction similar to the orifices in the AP200 intake assemblies The flow for the zero and CO span cylinders is affected by the pressure regulator setting The valve manifold has a mass flow sensor on the sample outlet This sensor s measurements are reported in public variable sample flow The valve manifold temperature is reported in public variable valve tmpr The operating range of the valves is 4 C to 49 C If the valve temperature is outside this range the AP200 will disable the valves and pump The valve module has a heater 8 W that turns on if the valve temperature falls below 5 C If the AP200 is started at cold temperature it may take up to 20 minutes to warm the valve module from 30 C to 4 C When it reaches 5 C the heater will cycle on off as needed to maintain this temperature The fraction of time the valve heater is on is reported in the output tables IntAvg CalAvg and SiteAvg as valve heat Avg This will typically increase from zero at 0 C ambient temperature
9. Also check the measured pump temperature pump tmpr and compare it to the operating range 0 C to 55 C The pump module has a heater that turns on if pump tmpr falls below 2 C If the pump temperature is too low check the operation of the heater which is controlled by public variable pump heat ON This variable is saved in RawData only if saving all diagnostics Its corresponding variable pump heat Avg is saved in the averaged output tables IntAvg CalAvg and SiteAvg The pump module has a fan that turns on if pump tmpr rises above 50 C The fan will stay on until the pump temperature falls below 45 C If the pump temperature is too high check the operation of the fan which is controlled by public variable pump fan ON This variable is saved in RawData only if saving all diagnostics Its corresponding variable pump fan Avg is saved in the averaged output tables IntAvg CalAvg and SiteA vg If the fan is on and the pump temperature is too high check the ambient temperature The AP200 is rated for ambient temperatures from 30 C to 45 C Bit 4 Pump pressure is not at the setpoint If bit 4 of diag_AP200 is set this indicates the pump is not able to control the pressure at the setpoint To confirm the problem compare the value of pump press to PUMP P SETPT Diagnostic bit 4 indicates they differ by more than 1 0 kPa Compare pump press pressure measured at the pump inlet to cell press pressure measured by the IRGA Thes
10. ProfileOnCounts 8 ProfileOmitCounts 1 ProfileOmitCounts 2 ProfileOmitCounts 3 ProfileOmitCounts 4 ProfileOmitCounts 5 ProfileOmitCounts 6 ProfileOmitCounts 7 ProfileOmitCounts 8 CalSequence 1 CalSequence 2 CalSequence 3 CalSequence 4 CalSequence 5 CalSequence 6 CalSequence 7 CalSequence 8 CalOnCounts 1 CalOnCounts 2 CalOnCounts 3 CalOnCounts 4 CalOnCounts 5 CalOnCounts 6 CalOnCounts 7 CalOnCounts 8 CalOmitCounts 1 CalOmitCounts 2 Appendix D Output Tables Appendix D Output Tables TABLE D 5 Variables of the Timelnfo Table Name Units CalOmitCounts 3 CalOmitCounts 4 CalOmitCounts 5 CalOmitCounts 6 CalOmitCounts 7 CalOmitCounts 8 Message log The message log table contains a history of events and is intended as a troubleshooting tool A record is written to this table when a predefined event occurs including Starting stopping the valve sequence Sending a command to the IRGA configuration zero or span Error messages related to IRGA commands Acknowledgement from the IRGA for these commands Changing the value of a system configuration variable In normal operation each calibration sequence with AUTO ZEROSPAN enabled will generate six records send and acknowledge for each of the CO zero H
11. Select inlet 9 Zero omit at least 30 s for equilibration and include 10 s in the average e Select inlet 1 for at least 10 s This allows the humidity in the tubing and IRGA to equilibrate before restarting the profile sequence As shown in TABLE F 3 this minimum timing adds up to 80 s for the zero span sequence The time for one or more of the steps is increased as needed to equal the profile sequence cycle time or a multiple of the cycle F 3 Appendix F Valve Sequence Timing time For example if there are eight levels used the profile cycle time is 120 s This means 40 s must be added to the zero span sequence This has been allocated as 10 s extra each for the span and zero and 20 s extra for equilibration on level 1 at the end of the sequence The zero span sequence takes the place of one profile cycle for five six seven or eight levels However if there are four levels used the profile cycle time is only 60 s This is less than the 80 s required for a zero span check so two profile cycles must be replaced This gives a total of 120 s the same as the scenario with eight levels TABLE F 3 Timing for Zero Span Sequence check only Number Profile Cycle Span Zero Equilibration Total Zero Span of Levels Time s Time s Time s Time s Time s Minimum 30 40 10 80 4 60 40 50 30 120 5 90 30 40 20 90 6 90 30 40 20 90 7 120 40 50 30 120 8 120 40 50 30 120
12. Synchronization to the Real time Clock When the AP200 program starts or when the user restarts the sequence see Section 5 5 Stopping and Starting the Sequence the AP200 will delay the actual profile sequence start by up to two minutes to synchronize the sequence to the datalogger real time clock The following examples illustrate this synchronization Example 1 LEVELS USED 8 STARTsequence set to True at 9 15 25 As shown in TABLE F 1 the cycle time for 8 levels is 120 s 2 min To synchronize with the real time clock the sequence must start at a multiple of 2 min for example 9 00 00 9 02 00 9 04 00 etc Valve 1 will be selected as soon as STARTsequence is set True 9 15 25 but the sequence will not actually start until 9 16 00 the earliest multiple of 2 min Data will be included in the average for level 1 from 9 16 10 to 9 16 15 when the valve will switch to level 2 Data will be included in the average for level 2 from 9 16 25 to 9 16 30 when the valve will switch to level 3 and so on Appendix F Valve Sequence Timing Example 2 LEVELS USED 5 STARTsequence set to True at 9 00 20 As shown in TABLE F 1 the cycle time for 5 levels is 90 s To synchronize with the real time clock the sequence must start at multiples of 90 s for example 9 00 00 9 01 30 9 03 00 etc Valve 1 will be selected as soon as STARTsequence is set True 9 00 20 but the sequence will not actually start until 9 01 30 Data will b
13. collection LoggerNet LoggerNet is a full featured software package that supports programming communication and data collection and display LoggerNet consists of a server application and several client applications integrated into a single product This package is recommended for applications that require telecommunications support or scheduled data retrieval or for large datalogger networks LoggerLink Mobile Apps The LoggerLink Mobile Apps allows an iOS or Android device to communicate with an IP enabled datalogger such as the AP200 COz H20 Atmospheric Profile System 10 CR1000 in the AP200 The apps support field maintenance tasks such as viewing and collecting data setting the clock and downloading programs 4 1 6 Replacement Parts Syringe Filter Intake assemblies shipped after August 2013 use a syringe filter with Luer lock connections The filter is an in line 2 5 cm 1 0 in diameter PTFE membrane filter FIGURE 4 12 of 3 micron pore size It is used to replace dirty filter elements in the AP200 intake assembly and is available as pn 29998 FIGURE 4 12 Syringe filter of current AP200 intake assembly Disk Filter Intake assemblies shipped prior to August 2013 used a different filter pn 27809 This filter is a 2 5 cm 1 0 in diameter sintered stainless steel disk filter FIGURE 4 13 of 10 micron pore size It is used to replace dirty filter elements in the AP200 intake assembly FIGURE 4 13 Disk filter of
14. designated level 1 and will connect to inlet 1 on the AP200 system enclosure This gives a one to one correspondence between public variables valve number and sequence index as well as the terms level and step The intake assembly at the bottom of the tower level 1 connects to inlet 1 on the AP200 system enclosure which is controlled by valve number 1 This valve is selected during step one of the profile sequence defined by seq index 1 Array locations beyond LEVELS USED are filled with zero Array ProfileOnCounts contains the time number of scans for each step in the profile sequence This is similar to the Time on Level given in TABLE F 1 except it is multiplied by two to account for the datalogger scan rate 2 scans s For most cases the same value is used for each step in the sequence However for seven levels one extra second is allocated for level 1 to achieve an integer number of cycles per half hour Array locations beyond LEVELS USED are filled with zero ProfileOmitCounts is the time number of scans to wait after a valve switch before including data in the average This is the Omitted Time given in TABLE F 1 multiplied by two to account for the datalogger scan rate 2 scans s For most cases the same value is used for each step in the sequence For seven levels an extra second is allocated for level 1 to achieve an integer number of cycles per half hour Array locations beyond LEVELS USED are filled with zero
15. determines whether the AP200 will command the IRGA to perform a zero and span True or whether it will merely measure the zero and span cylinders False It is ignored if MEASURE TANKS is false The default is AUTO ZEROSPAN True CAL INTERVAL This variable determines how often given as time in minutes the calibration zero span sequence will be run It is ignored if MEASURE TANKS is false The minimum time is the output interval 30 min The maximum time is 1 440 min once per day CAL TIMEOFFSET This variable determines when the calibration zero span sequence is started within the CAL INTERVAL time If CAL TIMEOFFSET is set to zero the calibration zero span sequence will start at the start ofthe CAL INTERVAL Setting this variable to a non zero value will delay the start of the zero span sequence by the set number of minutes CAL TIMEOFFSET may be set to any value from zero to CAL INTERVAL CO2 SPAN PPM This is the concentration of the CO span tank in ppm If MEASURE TANKS and AUTO ZEROSPAN are both TRUE the system will automatically span the IRGA to this value during the zero span sequence This value is also used during a manual CO span operation Any value may be entered for CO2 SPAN PPM but spanning the IRGA will be disabled unless the value is between 100 and 20 000 The factory default is 99 to intentionally disable setting the CO span until the user enters the value for the CO span tank The next two v
16. directly with the datalogger through the datalogger s default menus To bypass the custom menus select System Menu gt AP200 Menu Check Status Manual ValveControl Manual Zero Span Configure System System Menu Check Status diag_AP200 CO2 H20 seq ACTIVE valve number sample flow cell press Manual ValveControl STOPsequence STARTsequenc seq ACTIVE valve number sample flow CO2 H20 A 1 Appendix A Keyboard Display Menu Manual Zero Span Check Span Zero Do Zero CO2 amp H20 Do CO2 Span Do H20 Span seq ACTIVE valve number STARTsequenc Check Span Zero seq ACTIVE STOPsequence valve number CO2 SPAN PPM diag AP200 Do Zero CO2 amp H20 seq ACTIVE STOPsequence valve number diag AP200 Do CO2 Span seq ACTIVE STOPsequence CO2 SPAN PPM valve number diag AP200 CO2 DO CO2 span Appendix A Keyboard Display Menu Do H20 Span seq ACTIVE STOPsequence cell press pump ON H2OSpanDewPt PRESS_AMBIEN SETpressAmbi Td_cell Td_ambient cell_press pump_ON SpanCellP SETspanCellP valve_number diag_AP200 Td_ambient DO_H2O_span Configure System PRESS_AMBIEN PUMP_P_SETPT LEVELS_USED MEASURE_TANK AUTO_ZEROSPA CAL_INTERVAL CAL_TIMEOFFS CO2 SPAN PPM BATT LOWLIMI BATT DEADBAN A 3 Appendix A Keyboard Display Menu A 4 Appendix B AP200 Diagnostics The public variable diag AP200 indicates conditions outside the normal operating range for the AP200 Any value
17. early AP200 intake assembly Silica Desiccant Bags The 4905 Single 4 unit Silica Desiccant Bag FIGURE 4 14 is used to desiccate the AP200 system enclosure and should be periodically replaced The 4905 can be purchased in quantities of 20 as pn 6714 FIGURE 4 14 Single desiccant pack AP200 CO2 H20 Atmospheric Profile System Humidity Indicator Card The replacement humidity indicator FIGURE 4 15 card is pn 28878 HUMIDITY INDICATOR 20003 2 Packaging Colton CA pp 00m CHANGE DESICCANT IF PINK WARNING IF PINK DISCARD IF CIRCLES OVERRUN Batch 0000113685 www S d Chemie Performance AVOID METAL CONTACT FIGURE 4 15 Humidity indicator card Diaphragm Pump The pump module for the AP200 includes a small double head diaphragm pump with a brushless DC motor The pump includes a speed control input and a tachometer to measure actual pumping speed It is mounted in an insulated temperature controlled box inside the AP200 system enclosure If the pump fails the replacement pump FIGURE 4 16 is available as pn 26402 See Appendix J AP200 Pump Replacement for instructions on replacing the pump The part includes the connector for easy installation FIGURE 4 16 Diaphragm pump used in AP200 Theory of Operation The AP200 system measures CO and H20 concentrations at multiple locations by pulling a continuous sample flow from each of several four to eight intake assemblies Solenoid valves dir
18. in air density Higher temperature air has lower density which will have lower flow approximately 2 lower flow for a 10 C temperature change The sample flow will decrease over time as particulates clog the filters Eventually the flow will be reduced to the extent that it will degrade the equilibration time after an intake is selected As a general guideline the filters should be replaced when the flow decreases by 25 The filters will normally last a few months but will require more frequent changes in dirty conditions The intake assembly has been designed with two separate elements intended to prevent condensation First the rain diverter has a small heater 0 25 W at 12 Vdc to warm the air sample to approximately 10 C above ambient temperature before reaching the filter and orifice This prevents condensation on surfaces upstream of the orifice Second the flow path downstream of the orifice is kept at reduced pressure typically 35 kPa below ambient pressure to prevent condensation The intake assembly includes a mixing volume to dampen fluctuations in the CO and H50 concentrations Assuming the nominal dependence of pressure and flow on elevation and a 35 kPa pressure drop at the orifice the mixing volume residence time will vary from 2 0 min at sea level to 1 5 min at 3000 m This residence time is similar to the time to cycle through all of the intakes 1 to 2 min depending on the number of intakes used This ensures tha
19. is 1 0 V 5 4 2 Compile Switches The AP200 program defines three constants that are used as compile switches These constants define which optional values are to be stored in the output tables MaxLevels MaxLevels defines the maximum number of profile levels The default is eight but it may be set to the actual number of levels used four to eight to avoid null data for unused levels in the IntAvg output table The number of levels measured is determined by system configuration variable LEVELS USED SaveAIl diagnostics If constant SaveAIl diagnostics is set to False the default the RawData output table will contain only those values required for normal operation Ifit is set to True the AP200 will save some additional diagnostic values in output table RawData N AirTemps Constant N AirTemps determines the number of 107 L temperature sensors to measure It may be from one to eight or zero which is used to disable air temperature measurements The default is zero See Appendix E Temperature Profile for more details on adding a temperature profile measurement 5 5 Starting and Stopping the Sequence In normal operation the AP200 will automatically cycle through the profile inlets If configured for automatic zero span it will periodically run the calibration zero span sequence and then return to the profile sequence The user may stop the sequence to control the valves manually and then restart the sequence using the public
20. is 90 s the sequence will start at the top of the hour or 1 30 later or 3 00 later etc The rest of the TimeInfo contains the arrays of timing parameters Each array holds eight values where the index corresponds to the index in the sequence If LEVELS USED is less than 8 zero is stored for the parameters that are not used ProfileSequence the valve number for this step in the profile sequence This will simply increment from 1 to LEVELS USED ProfileOnCounts the time number of scans to spend at this step typically 30 counts 15 s ProfileOmitCounts the time number of scans to wait after a valve switch before including data in the averages typically 20 scans 10 s The next arrays contain the corresponding values for the calibration zero span sequence TABLE D 5 Variables of the Timelnfo Table Name Units TIMESTAMP TS RECORD RN LEVELS USED MEASURE TANKS AUTO ZEROSPAN CAL INTERVAL min CAL TIMEOFFSET min sync interval S ProfileSequence 1 ProfileSequence 2 ProfileSequence 3 ProfileSequence 4 ProfileSequence 5 ProfileSequence 6 ProfileSequence 7 ProfileSequence 8 ProfileOnCounts 1 TABLE D 5 Variables of the Timelnfo Table Name Units ProfileOnCounts 2 ProfileOnCounts 3 ProfileOnCounts 4 ProfileOnCounts 5 ProfileOnCounts 6 ProfileOnCounts 7
21. may be useful if the intake assemblies are mounted on two or more towers FIGURE 5 16 Three intake assemblies with heater cables daisy chained to the AP200 system enclosure To check the intake heater wiring temporarily disconnect the heater cable from the AP200 system enclosure and measure the resistance between the red and black wires A hand held digital multimeter works well for this Each heater has a resistance of approximately 560 ohms and should be wired in parallel The nominal resistance will be 560 divided by the number of heaters TABLE 5 1 shows the nominal equivalent resistance for 4 through 8 intake heater wired in parallel It also gives the acceptable range which accounts for the 5 tolerance on the resistance of each heater If the resistance is outside this range it is likely there is a problem with the connections or with a heater The resistance of the cable is small enough that it can generally be ignored 31 AP200 COz H20 Atmospheric Profile System 32 5 3 3 Power CAUTION NOTE TABLE 5 1 Equivalent Resistance for Intake Heaters Connected in Parallel Number Of Nominal Resistance Acceptable Range Heaters ohms ohms 4 140 133 to 147 5 112 106 to 118 6 93 88 to 98 7 80 76 to 84 8 70 66 to 74 The AP200 requires a 10 Vdc to 16 Vdc power source The average power consumption varies with ambient temperature mostly due to the heater in the IRGA that maintains
22. measurement of the surface exchange Before using the AP200 please study e Section 2 Cautionary Statements e Section 3 Initial Inspection e Section 5 Installation Operational instructions critical to preserving accurate measurements of the system are found throughout this manual Before using the AP200 please study the entire manual Several other user manuals provide additional information and should be consulted before using the AP200 These include CR1000 Measurement and Control System Operator s Manual CFM100 CompactFlash Module Instruction Manual NL115 Ethernet and CompactFlash Module Instruction Manual Application Note 3SM F CF Card Information ENC10 12 ENC12 14 ENC14 16 ENC16 18 Instruction Manual CM106 Tripod Instruction Manual Tripod Installation Manual Models CM110 CM115 CM120 Model 107 Temperature Probe Instruction Manual all available at www campbellsci com and e LI 840A COyH50 Gas Analyzer Instruction Manual available at www licor com 2 Cautionary Statements e WARNING o The AP200 can be damaged by unfiltered air being pulled into the sampling sub system To avoid this each inlet must be capped or have a particulate filter installed before applying power to the system Use care when connecting and disconnecting intake assembly tubes and zero and span tubes see Section 5 2 Plumbing to avoid introducing dust or other contaminates o Do not overtighten the Swagelok fittings on the sampling syst
23. oC setpoint temperature on dewpoint generator used for H20 span USER SETpressAmbient set to True for AP200 to store the value of cell press in p PressAmbient USER SETspanCellP Set True for AP200 to store the value of cell press in p SpanCellP USER SpanCellP kPa sample cell operating pressure used for H20 span set to True for AP200 to send CO amp H20 zero INBOQWUSER Dazu commands to the IRGA INFO USER DO CO2 span set to True for AP200 to send CO span command to the dicm IRGA INFO USER DO H2O span Set True for AP200 to send H20 span command to the ME d IRGA CONFIG PRESS AMBIENT kPa ambient pressure used to calculate Td ambient and for H20 span CONFIG PUMP P SETPT kPa setpoint pressure for the pump speed control CONFIG LEVELS USED number of profile levels to be used CONFIG MEASURE TANKS set to True to automatically measure zero and span cylinders CONFIG AUTO ZEROSPAN set to True to zero and span the IRGA when cylinders are measured CONFIG CAL INTERVAL min time between automatic zero span sequences CONFIG CAL_TIMEOFFSET min time offset for starting automatic zero span sequences CONFIG CO2 SPAN PPM ppm CO concentration in the CO span cylinder CONFIG BATT LOWLIMIT V AP200 will shut down if supply voltage falls below this limit CONFIG BATT DEADBAND V AP200 will power up if supply voltage rises this much above lower limit C 3 Appendix C Public Variables C 4 Appendix D Output Tables
24. the IRGA to do a CO span While the IRGA is setting the span the value for CO will not be available and NAN will be displayed This will take approximately 10 s When the process is complete CO will again be displayed Verify the value is close to the value of CO2 SPAN PPM Press Esc to return to the Manual Zero Span menu 43 AP200 COz H20 Atmospheric Profile System 44 6 2 4 Do H20 Span At the Manual Zero Span menu select Do H2O Span This menu guides the user through the steps to flow the H20 span gas and to send the command to the IRGA to set its H2O span H20 is more difficult to span than CO due to the difficulty of providing a source of air with known humidity Therefore a dewpoint generator such as the LI 610 LI COR Inc Lincoln NE is used for many applications An additional complication is the need to correct the dewpoint temperature for the difference in pressure between the dewpoint generator and the IRGA sample cell The AP200 is capable of making this correction but three variables must be set first H2OSpanDewPt This variable is the dewpoint temperature setting in C on the dewpoint generator Any value may be entered for H20SpanDewPt However the IRGA H20 span setting will be disabled unless the value is between 0 and 20 The default is 99 to intentionally disable setting the H2O span until the user enters the value for the dewpoint generator PRESS AMBIENT This variable is the ambient
25. the shut off valves on the cylinders and set the pressure regulators for 0 psig delivery pressure If the pressure is inadvertently adjusted to high the tube fitting may need to be slightly loosened to bleed off the excess pressure Retighten the fitting when the proper setting 1s reached The H20 span can be performed only as a manual operation Automated H20 span is not feasible because it would require a dewpoint generator to provide the H20 span gas all the time The H20 span inlet is not bypass equipped so it will flow only when selected This inlet can be connected to the output of a dewpoint generator using a tee at the inlet as shown in FIGURE 5 9 to bleed off excess flow and avoid pressurizing the dewpoint generator AP200 CO2 H20 Atmospheric Profile System FIGURE 5 9 H20 span inlet configured for a dewpoint generator 5 3 Wiring 5 3 1 Ground Connection The AP200 must be earth grounded Refer to section 7 1 ESD Protection in the CR1000 Measurement and Control System Operator s Manual for information on earth grounding and lightning protection All component grounds of the AP200 profile system are pre wired at the factory to a common ground lug located at the bottom of the enclosure Ground this lug using heavy gauge copper wire An AP200 grounded to the UT30 tower is shown in FIGURE 5 10 FIGURE 5 10 AP200 earth grounded on a UT30 tower 27 AP200 COz H20 Atmospheric Profile System 28 5 3 2 Intake He
26. turning the AP200 pump off waiting for the pressure to stabilize at ambient pressure and then using the pressure measured in the IRGA see Section 6 2 4 Do H20 Span for details PUMP P SETPT This is the setpoint pressure kPa for the pump speed control algorithm The AP200 will adjust the pumping speed to make the measured pump pressure pump press match this value For most applications it should be set to approximately 35 kPa below ambient pressure see notes on variable PRESS AMBIENT above The factory default is 200 which will prevent the AP200 from working properly until PUMP P SETPT is set by the user 35 AP200 COz H20 Atmospheric Profile System 36 LEVELS USED This is the number of profile levels air sample intakes to be sampled It must be an integer from four to eight If fewer than eight inlets are used they should be connected to the lowest number inlets starting with one The default is eight The next five variables configure the automatic calibration zero span sequence See Section 6 Infrared Gas Analyzer IRGA Zero and Span for details MEASURE TANKS This Boolean variable determines whether the AP200 will periodically switch between the profile sequence and the calibration zero span sequence Set this variable to True to periodically switch to the zero and CO span cylinders tanks Set it to False to disable this feature The defaultis MEASURE TANKS True AUTO ZEROSPAN This Boolean variable
27. 0 CO Span if the zero span sequence is running The corresponding LED on the valve module should be ON sample flow The expected value for the sample flow depends on the elevation see FIGURE 4 19 and FIGURE 4 20 for details A significantly higher flow indicates there may be a leak whereas a significantly lower flow indicates the filter or orifice may be plugged cell press This should be within 2 kPa of the pressure setpoint See Section 4 2 3 Pump Module for details To access other tables in the CR1000 press lt ESC gt to go back to the top menu and then select System Menu This gives access to all of the system tables In particular the status table is helpful for assessing the status of the CR1000 datalogger see the CR1000 User Manual for details and the public table shows the value of each public variable as it updates in real time See Appendix C Public Variables for details on the variables in the Public Table 5 6 2 Checking Status Remotely If the system is configured with an NL115 and a network connection is available the AP200 can be checked remotely by connecting a PC via LoggerNet other software is also available that provides some of the functionality of LoggerNet see Section 4 1 5 Support Software LoggerNet may also be used on site with a serial cable connected directly to the datalogger All of the variables listed in the on site access can be checked in the Public table For thorough performance
28. 010 P N A Caps Swagelok caps are used to cap the end of tubes when they are disconnected from the fitting It is strongly recommended to cap all disconnected tubes to keep them clean Spare caps may be needed if they become lost or damaged FIGURE H 4 Swagelok cap H 4 Appendix H Using Swagelok Fittings TABLE H 5 Dimensions and Part Numbers for Swagelok Caps Tubing OD in Swagelok pn CSI pn 1 8 B 200 C 19219 1 4 B 400 C 15831 3 8 B 600 C 15547 1 2 B 810 C 17335 5 8 B 1010 C 19496 H 5 Appendix H Using Swagelok Fittings Appendix l Useful Equations Dewpoint Temperature Calculations The IRGA reports the dewpoint temperature public variable Td cell but this represents the conditions in the sample cell The AP200 converts this to dewpoint temperature in the ambient air Td ambient This conversion is a three step process 1 calculate vapor pressure in the sample cell 2 compensate for the pressure difference between the ambient and the sample cell and 3 calculate ambient dewpoint temperature from ambient vapor pressure The equations are adapted from Buck A L 1981 New equations for computing vapor pressure and enhancement factor Journal of Applied Meteorology 20 1527 1532 Calculate vapor pressure from dewpoint temperature 17 5027 eu 0 1 f 6 1121e 7 en Buck eq 8 f 21 0007 3 46x10 10P Buck eq 7c where cel
29. 04 P R CHINA www campbellsci com info campbellsci com cn Campbell Scientific do Brasil Ltda CSB Rua Apinag s nbr 2018 Perdizes CEP 01258 00 S o Paulo SP BRASIL www campbellsci com br vendas campbellsci com br Campbell Scientific Canada Corp CSC 14532 131 Avenue NW Edmonton AB T5L 4X4 CANADA www campbellsci ca dataloggers campbellsci ca Campbell Scientific Centro Caribe S A CSCC 300 N Cementerio Edificio Breller Santo Domingo Heredia 40305 COSTA RICA www campbellsci cc info campbellsci cc Campbell Scientific Ltd CSL Campbell Park 80 Hathern Road Shepshed Loughborough LE12 9GX UNITED KINGDOM www campbellsci co uk sales campbellsci co uk Campbell Scientific Ltd CSL France 3 Avenue de la Division Leclerc 92160 ANTONY FRANCE www campbellsci fr info campbellsci fr Campbell Scientific Ltd CSL Germany Fahrenheitstra e 13 28359 Bremen GERMANY www campbellsci de info campbellsci de Campbell Scientific Spain S L CSL Spain Avda Pompeu Fabra 7 9 local 1 08024 Barcelona SPAIN www campbellsci es info campbellsci es Please visit www campbellsci com to obtain contact information for your local US or international representative
30. 107 temperature probes should be wired to consecutive single ended channels starting at SEI Any number of probes from 0 to 8 may be used All temperature probes should use the VX1 excitation terminal Configuring the CRBasic program The AP200 program has a constant N AirTemps that is used as a compile switch to tell the program how many 107 L temperature probes are used Set this constant to zero the default to disable reading temperature probes or to a number from 1 to 8 that indicates the number of probes to be measured E 1 Appendix E Temperature Profile Example 1 temperature probes disabled Const N AirTemps 0 number of 107 L temperature sensors to measure may be 1 to 8 or zero to disable air temperature measurements Example 2 measure eight temperature probes Const N AirTemps 8 number of 107 L temperature sensors to measure may be 1 to 8 or zero to disable air temperature measurements The value of this constant will determine how large to allocate the data array T air how many measurements to make and how many temperatures to record in the output tables Data The real time air temperature measurements can be found in public variable T air N AirTemps T air 1 will be the air temperature in C measured by the probe wired to SEI Additional probes wired to consecutive channels will be in consecutive elements of T air The air temperature profile data will be saved in output tables RawData Site
31. 20 zero and CO span commands The memory card has space allocated for 28 800 records 100 days with a calibration sequence every 30 min The CPU has space allocated for 288 records The message log table also includes several values to document the state of the AP200 in case of trouble TABLE D 6 Variables of the message log Table Name Units TIMESTAMP TS RECORD RN message str diag AP200 sequence index smpl counter valve mode ZeroSpanMode Appendix E Temperature Profile The AP200 system can measure a temperature profile at up to eight levels with 107 L temperature probes These temperature probes are not part of the AP200 system they must be ordered separately See the Model 107 Temperature Probe Instruction Manual available from Campbell Scientific www campbellscientific com for details The following section gives brief instructions for using these temperature probes with the AP200 system Mounting See the 07 Temperature Probe Instruction Manual for more detail on installing the temperature probes Normally the probes will be mounted at the same heights as the air sample intake assemblies See Section 4 1 4 Other Accessories for more detailed discussion of the 107 L temperature probe and its associated radiation shield The assembled probe and shield are shown in FIGURE E 1 n FIGURE E 1 107 L temperature probe mounted with radiation shield Wiring The
32. 200 COz H20 Atmospheric Profile System 24 NOTE FIGURE 5 5 Tubing connections on bottom of AP200 enclosure If the AP200 system enclosure is mounted low to the ground it may be difficult to read the label on the bottom of the enclosure For convenience the inlet connections are also labeled on the inside of the enclosure as shown in FIGURE 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 FIGURE 5 6 Labeled inlet connections inside enclosure Connect the lowest intake assembly to inlet 1 on the AP200 system enclosure the next intake assembly to inlet 2 and so forth Connecting the tubes in this order shortest to longest will minimize the time skew between intake assemblies If using fewer than eight intake assemblies they must be connected to the AP200 system enclosure inlets in order starting with 1 Plug unused inlets using Swagelok plugs pn 15891 that are included with the AP200 AP200 CO2 H20 Atmospheric Profile System FIGURE 5 7 shows the tubing connections from the intake assemblies to the system enclosure FIGURE 5 7 Tubing connections from four intake assemblies connected to inlets 1 4 5 2 2 Zero and CO Span NOTE The AP200 can perform automated zero CO and H20 and CO span of the IRGA This requires the user to supply cylinders of zero air and CO span gas with appropriate regulators Use high quality gases for the zero and CO span The zero gas must be free of significant water vapor and CO T
33. 60N2 K12V0C DC PO9 145 003 a Mada in USA PATENT PENOING FIGURE J 7 Inlet and outlet tubing reconnected to pump Appendix J AP200 Pump Replacement FIGURE J 8 Pump side with inlet and outlet tubing connected 2 Reattach the pump to metal box with two self tapping screws on the back of the pump module electronics plate FIGURE J 5 NOTE Be careful to not pinch the fan wires under the pump and do not overtighten the screws 3 Reattach the pump connector to the pump electronics FIGURE J 4 4 Place the pump assembly back into the foam of the pump enclosure FIGURE J 3 5 Hold the pump assembly securely while replacing the cover of the pump enclosure Make sure the fan does not slide back out of its hole in the foam Fasten the cover in place with the six screws as indicated in FIGURE J 2 NOTE Do not overtighten screws Appendix J AP200 Pump Replacement J 6 Campbell Scientific Companies Campbell Scientific Inc CSI 815 West 1800 North Logan Utah 84321 UNITED STATES www campbellsci com info campbellsci com Campbell Scientific Africa Pty Ltd CSAf PO Box 2450 Somerset West 7129 SOUTH AFRICA www csafrica co za cleroux csafrica co za Campbell Scientific Australia Pty Ltd CSA PO Box 8108 Garbutt Post Shop QLD 4814 AUSTRALIA www campbellsci com au info campbellsci com au Campbell Scientific Beijing Co Ltd 8B16 Floor 8 Tower B Hanwei Plaza 7 Guanghua Road Chaoyang Beijing 1000
34. AP200 CO2 H20 IVONVIN NOLLDNMALSNI WARRANTY AND ASSISTANCE This equipment is warranted by CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC CANADA CORP CSC to be free from defects in materials and workmanship under normal use and service for twelve 12 months from date of shipment unless specified otherwise Batteries are not warranted CSC s obligation under this warranty is limited to repairing or replacing at CSC s option defective products The customer shall assume all costs of removing reinstalling and shipping defective products to CSC CSC will return such products by surface carrier prepaid This warranty shall not apply to any CSC products which have been subjected to modification misuse neglect accidents of nature or shipping damage This warranty is in lieu of all other warranties expressed or implied including warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose CSC is not liable for special indirect incidental or consequential damages Products may not be returned without prior authorization To obtain a Return Merchandise Authorization RMA contact CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC CANADA CORP at 780 454 2505 An RMA number will be issued in order to facilitate Repair Personnel in identifying an instrument upon arrival Please write this number clearly on the outside of the shipping container Include description of symptoms and all pertinent details CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC CANADA CORP does not accept collect ca
35. Avg CalAvg and IntAvg Appendix F Valve Sequence Timing The AP200 has two valve sequences the profile sequence and the calibration zero span sequence The AP200 will run the majority of the time in the profile sequence cycling through the profile inlets in order from one to the number of levels selected 4 to 8 If configured for automatic zero span then the AP200 will periodically run the calibration sequence before returning to the profile sequence The timing of the valve switching depends on settings of the following system configuration variables see Section 5 4 1 System Configuration Variables for details on the system configuration variables LEVELS USED MEASURE TANKS AUTO ZEROSPAN CAL INTERVAL CAL TIMEOFFSET Profile Sequence The profile sequence cycles through the profile inlets in order starting at 1 and ending at the value of LEVELS USED This cycle repeats until it is interrupted for an automated calibration sequence if this feature is enabled or until the sequence is stopped by the user The AP200 has pre programmed parameters that determine the timing of the profile sequence These timing parameters allow for at least 15 s on each level with 10 s omitted to allow the CO and H20 concentrations to equilibrate and 5 s included in the average In addition to these constraints the timing parameters depend on the number of levels used LEVELS USED to give an integer number of complete cycles in each half hour a
36. C Avg all N_AirTemps gt 4 T air Avg 6 E Avg all N AirTemps gt 5 T air Avg 7 S Avg all N AirTemps gt 6 T air Avg 8 SE Avg all N AirTemps gt 7 SiteAvg The SiteAvg table saves the same data as the CalAvg table A record is written to the SiteAvg table when the automatic valve sequence switches to a new valve Records are also written to SiteAvg any time records are written to the CalAvg table This includes measurement of the zero tank before and after doing the zero for example The SiteA vg table is useful if a finer time resolution is desired either to see how CO and H20 concentrations changed during a 30 minute averaging interval or to troubleshoot the system if a problem is detected Space is allocated on the card for 576 000 records 100 days at one record every 15 s The CPU has storage allocated for 576 records 2 4 hr at one record every 15 s TABLE D 3 Variables of the SiteAvg Table Name Units Statistic ie When o m TIMESTAMP TS always RECORD RN always valve number Smp last sample always diag AP200 Avg Avg end omit always NumSamples Tot end_omit always CO2 Avg ppm Avg end omit always H20_ Avg ppt Avg end_omit always cell tmpr Avg C Avg end omit always cell press Avg kPa Avg end omit always Td cell Avg e Avg end omit always Td ambient Avg Avg end_omit always Appendix D Output Tables TABLE D 3 Variables of the SiteAvg Table
37. ES ANTENNAS ETC FAILURE TO PROPERLY AND COMPLETELY ASSEMBLE INSTALL OPERATE USE AND MAINTAIN TRIPODS TOWERS AND ATTACHMENTS AND FAILURE TO HEED WARNINGS INCREASES THE RISK OF DEATH ACCIDENT SERIOUS INJURY PROPERTY DAMAGE AND PRODUCT FAILURE TAKE ALL REASONABLE PRECAUTIONS TO AVOID THESE HAZARDS CHECK WITH YOUR ORGANIZATION S SAFETY COORDINATOR OR POLICY FOR PROCEDURES AND REQUIRED PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT PRIOR TO PERFORMING ANY WORK Use tripods towers and attachments to tripods and towers only for purposes for which they are designed Do not exceed design limits Be familiar and comply with all instructions provided in product manuals Manuals are available at www campbellsci com or by telephoning 435 227 9000 USA You are responsible for conformance with governing codes and regulations including safety regulations and the integrity and location of structures or land to which towers tripods and any attachments are attached Installation sites should be evaluated and approved by a qualified engineer If questions or concerns arise regarding installation use or maintenance of tripods towers attachments or electrical connections consult with a licensed and qualified engineer or electrician General e Prior to performing site or installation work obtain required approvals and permits Comply with all governing structure height regulations such as those of the FAA in the USA e Use only qualified personnel for installation use
38. I 840A IRGA See the LI 840A manual available at www licor com for specifications 4 3 2 System Enclosure Dimensions 52 1 cm x 44 5 cm x 29 7 cm 20 5 inx 17 5 inx 11 7 in Weight AP200 base model 15 9 kg 35 0 Ib Options IRGA 1 0 kg 2 3 Ib CR1000KD 0 3 kg 0 7 Ib CFM100 NL115 0 2 kg 0 4 Ib Operating Temperature 30 C to 45 C Power Requirement Voltage Power Maximum cold start up 10 Vdc to 16 Vde 3 75 A at 12 V dc 45 0 W AP200 CO2 H20 Atmospheric Profile System Average power varies from 14 W above 30 C to 24 W at 30 C as shown in FIGURE 4 23 This includes 2 0 W for the intake heaters 8 intake assemblies at 0 25 W each AP200 Power W Temperature deg C FIGURE 4 23 Average power consumption relative to temperature Pump Module Pump type Dual head diaphragm pump with a brushless DC motor Mounting Mounted in an insulated temperature controlled box inside system enclosure Control Pumping speed is automatically controlled to maintain the pump inlet pressure at the set point Maximum pumping speed 9 0 liters per minute LPM Pressure sensor range 15 0 kPa to 115 0 kPa Heater 8 0 W turns on off at 2 C Warm up time Approximately 50 minutes from 30 C to 2 C Fan 0 7 W turns on at 50 C and off at 45 C Valve Manifold Mounting Mounted inside system enclosure Inlets Eight air sample inlets plus one inlet for zero one inlet for CO span and one
39. NC10 12 ENC12 14 ENC14 16 ENC16 18 Instruction Manual available at www campbellsci com for details on mounting bracket options 4 1 3 Common Accessories Additional accessories are required to conduct sampling with the AP200 Some of the most common accessories are described here Tubing for Sampling A sample tube must be used to bring the air sample from each intake assembly to the AP200 system enclosure Normally bulk tubing is cut to length and installed on site Campbell Scientific pn 15702 or its equivalent is recommended This tubing has a 0 25 in outer diameter to fit the Swagelok fittings on the intake assemblies and the system enclosure The AP200 CO2 H20 Atmospheric Profile System tubing has an aluminum core to minimize diffusion through the tubing wall and a UV resistant black high density polyethylene jacket Maximum tubing length available is a 500 ft roll Intake Heater Cabling The intake assemblies have a small heater in the rain diverter to prevent condensation For normal applications bulk cable is cut to length and installed on site to provide power to the intake assemblies Heater cables may be daisy chained from one intake assembly to the next Campbell Scientific pn 9922 cable or its equivalent is recommended for this connection This cable consists of a twisted red black pair of wire gauge AWG 20 within a rugged Santoprene jacket System Power Cable The AP200 requires a cable to connect it to the user s b
40. Records are written to this table when the calibration zero span sequence is run as determined by CAL INTERVAL If MEASURE TANKS False the AP200 will not write to this table Each calibration sequence will put multiple records in the CalAvg table If AUTO ZEROSPAN False each sequence will place two records in the table e measured values for the CO2 span tank and e zero tank These are distinguished by valve number 9 Zero Tank and 10 CO Span Tank If AUTO ZEROSPAN True each sequence will place five records in the table CO span tank zero tank before and after doing the zero and CO span tank before and after doing the CO span Space is allocated on the card for 24 000 records 100 days at five records per 30 min The CPU has storage allocated for 240 records 1 day The list of values saved is similar to the list for the IntAvg table Additionally the CalAvg table includes the valve number and standard deviations of several values TABLE D 2 Variables of the CalAvg Table Name Units Statistic whew Used n Mn MUR Calculation Table TIMESTAMP TS always RECORD RN always valve number Smp last sample always diag AP200 Avg Avg end omit always Appendix D Output Tables TABLE D 2 Variables of the CalAvg Table Name Units Statistic n m i NumSamples Tot end omit al
41. Status Remote Yi cion nin ici 39 Table of Contents 5 6 3 On site System Checks ssssssssssseeeeeeeenens 39 6 Infrared Gas Analyzer IRGA Zero and Span 40 6 1 Automatic Zero and Span cseeecesseecesececesecsececeseceeceaeceseeeeseeeeeees 40 6 2 Manual Zero and Davila 41 62 1 Check Zero and CO Span eise teen 41 0 2 2 Do CO and E50 Zero ninio 42 623 Do CO Spaniz uie eter ERES ERES een 43 6 24 Do HoQ Span ae ves erras eee d suus epe Rae cani cane 44 6 2 5 Restart the Sequence 2 cseteris pe este decens 46 6 2 6 Check the System e coe oet Ure subter ipeo since 46 7 Maintenance and Troubleshooting 46 Tl Plumbine Leaks eerte toe pti e Opere 46 7 2 Enelosure Desiceant na ae ere pei ilte dido 47 Tos Intake Eller octo sete teat airs d ttc irs 47 TA LI 840A IRGA eee eeceecccceseecesceeeeeeceeeeceeceeesceeeaceaceeceeeaceeceeaeeeeneeaees 50 7 4 1 Installing and Removing the IRGA eene 50 742 Configuring the IRGA erepti rte 51 13 SS A tor a esent i eei De ceret Hbc pae 52 O TROD ANN mE 53 Appendices A Keyboard Display Menu A 1 B AP200 Diagnostics sss B 1 C Public Varlables nase nt C 1 D Output TADIES mec D 1 E Temperature Profile E 1 F Valve Sequence Timing
42. a two records per second This table is normally used only for troubleshooting The files on the card and in the CPU are allocated to use remaining available space The number of days for which space is available on the card will depend on the options chosen The first set of values is always stored in RawData The air temperature profile data are stored as determined by constant N AirTemps The remaining values are stored only if the constant SaveAIl diagnostics True This constant may be set to False to reduce the amount of data stored or set to True to allow more detailed analysis of diagnostic values for troubleshooting See Section 5 4 2 Compile Switches for details on setting program constants A 2GB card will store over 50 days with all diagnostics or over 100 days if SaveAIl diagnostics False The actual table fill time for the RawData table can be seen in the datalogger status table by either using LoggerNet or with a keyboard display TABLE D 4 Variables of the RawDataTable Name Units Statistic mo b H When Included in Table Calculation TIMESTAMP TS always RECORD RN always valve number Smp last sample always smpl counter Smp last sample always diag AP200 Smp last sample always co2 ppm Smp last sample always H20 ppt Smp last sample always cell tmpr C Smp last sample always cell_press kPa Smp last sample always Td_cell 26 Smp last sample always Td_ambient Ke Smp last samp
43. a 9 Appendix H Using Swagelok Fittings FIGURE H 1 Swagelok insert TABLE H 2 Dimensions and Part Numbers for Swagelok Inserts Tubing OD in Tubing ID in Swagelok pn CSIpn 1 4 1 8 B 405 2 15834 1 4 0 17 B 405 170 15830 1 4 3 16 B 405 3 15713 3 8 1 4 B 605 4 9845 1 2 3 8 B 815 6 17380 5 8 1 2 B 1015 8 19495 Ferrules Each Swagelok fitting comes assembled with the front and back ferrules included These ferrules are permanently swaged onto the tubing at the first assembly so spare ferrules may be needed for replacing the ends of tubing Back ferrule Front ferrule FIGURE H 2 Front and back Swagelok ferrules TABLE H 3 Dimensions and Part Numbers for Swagelok Ferrules Tubing OD in Swagelok pn front back CSI pn 1 set 1 8 B 203 1 B 204 1 N A 1 4 B 403 1 B 404 1 15890 3 8 B 603 1 B 604 1 15889 1 2 B 813 1 B 814 1 N A 5 8 B 1013 1 B 1014 1 N A H 3 Appendix H Using Swagelok Fittings Plugs Swagelok plugs are used to plug a fitting when its tube is disconnected It is strongly recommended to plug all fittings to keep them clean Spare plugs may be needed if they become lost or damaged FIGURE H 3 Swagelok plug TABLE H 4 Dimensions and Part Numbers for Swagelok Plugs Tubing OD in Swagelok pn CSI pn 1 8 B 200 P 26803 1 4 B 400 P 15891 3 8 B 600 P 13712 1 2 B 810 P 17381 5 8 B 1
44. ample pump DIAG pump press kPa pressure measured at the pump inlet DIAG vrai cont pump speed control variable can be from 0 off to 1 full speed DIAG pump_speed Hz pump speed measured by a tachometer on the pump DIAG pump_tmpr C temperature of the pump DIAG mp dip OR Boolean flag True if the pump temperature is within its nn operating range DIAG pump heat ON Boolean flag True if the pump heater is on DIAG pump fan ON Boolean flag True if the pump fan is on INFO intake heat ON Boolean flag True if the intake heaters are on A 5 air temperature profile optional defined only if TAIR T air 1 C N AirTemps gt 0 air temperature profile optional defined only if TAIR T air 2 C N AirTemps gt 1 A 5 air temperature profile optional defined only 1f TAIR T air 3 C N AirTemps gt 2 i 5 air temperature profile optional defined only if TAIR T air 4 C N AirTemps gt 3 Appendix C Public Variables TABLE C 1 Public Variables Usage Variable Name Units Description 5 air temperature profile optional defined only if TAIR T air 5 C N AirTemps gt 4 3 air temperature profile optional defined only if TAIR T_air 6 C N AirTemps gt 5 a air temperature profile optional defined only if TAIR T_air 7 C N AirDemps 6 air temperature profile optional defined only if TAIR T air 8 C N AirTemps gt 7 USER H2OSpanDewPt
45. an orifice in the intake assembly See Section 4 2 1 Intake Assemblies for details If the flow goes too high at a valve switch but comes into the normal range within a few seconds this is normal It is caused by a different pressure drop through the valve manifold depending on whether the inlet is selected or bypassed The combined flow from the bypassed inlets causes slightly more pressure drop than for the inlet selected to go to the IRGA Consequently the pressure in the intake tubes and mixing volumes increases slightly when they are bypassed When a bypassed inlet is selected the pressure equalizes by pushing slightly higher flow than normal through the IRGA This is acceptable as long as the sample flow is within the normal range by the time the data are included in the average If the flow for one or more of the inlets stabilizes at a high flow this may indicate a leak in a tube or connection See Section 7 1 Plumbing Leaks for leak checking suggestions If the flow is too low for one or more inlets this is most likely caused by a filter that is plugged with particulates This normally happens over a span of weeks or months It may happen more quickly in dirty conditions Try replacing the filter see Section 4 1 6 Replacement Parts If this does not resolve the problem the orifice may be plugged and Campbell Scientific should be contacted B 5 Appendix B AP200 Diagnostics B 6 Zero Span Inlets The sample flow for
46. ariables control the AP200 automatic power shutdown function If the supply voltage drops too low the AP200 automatically powers down as much of the system as possible The AP200 requires 10 0 Vdc to 16 0 Vdc at the input terminals Note that the voltage measured in the datalogger batt volt will be approximately 0 3 V lower than the input voltage due to a reverse polarity protection diode BATT LOWLIMIT If the supply voltage batt volt falls below this value the AP200 will set the batt volt LOW flag and shut down as much of the system as possible until the voltage recovers BATT LOWLIMIT must be 9 7 V to 15 V The default value for BATT LOWLIMT is 9 7 V which corresponds to 10 0 V at the input terminal This power down feature is to protect the battery from deep discharge cycles The user should set AP200 CO2 H20 Atmospheric Profile System BATT LOWLIMIT as appropriate to protect his battery If AC main power and an AC DC adapter are used the limit may be left at 9 7 V BATT DEADBAND This variable along with BATT LOWLIMIT determine when the AP200 will restart after an automatic power shutdown The AP200 will not restart until the supply voltage batt volt reaches at least BATT LOWLIMIT BATT DEADBAND The purpose of the deadband the gap between the shut down voltage and the turn on voltage is to protect the AP200 from repeated power cycles when the battery voltage is very near the limit BATT DEADBAND must be zero to 10 0 V The default
47. ater Cables NOTE The AP200 intake assemblies have a small heater in the rain diverter to prevent condensation Power for these heaters is available in the AP200 system enclosure Campbell Scientific pn 9922 cable or equivalent is recommended for connecting the intake assemblies to the system enclosure The system is designed to daisy chain the heater cables from one intake assembly to the next as described below and shown in FIGURE 5 16 Make sure power is disconnected from the AP200 before connecting the heater cable To bring cables into the AP200 enclosure remove the cap from the cable feedthrough by loosening the thumbscrew and twisting the cap while pulling it off See FIGURE 5 11 FIGURE 5 11 Cable feedthrough cap shown removed to admit cables into the system enclosure Insert the heater cable through the feedthrough and connect it to the DIN rail bus in the system enclosure The red positive wire connects to one of the terminals labeled Intake Heater Connect the black negative wire to one of the terminals labeled G as shown in FIGURE 5 12 Two connections are provided for convenience if multiple cables are to be connected for example if the intake assemblies are mounted on two separate towers AP200 CO2 H20 Atmospheric Profile System 1313 NT 2237 DAA Lii wu u S 31133 AP200 CO H O Atmospheric Profile System CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC Made in USA FIGURE 5 12 Proper wiring of heater cabl
48. attery or other power source The same cable may be used for the system power as for the heaters pn 9922 if the length is short less than 3 m or 10 ft The AP200 requires a current from 1 0 A to 3 0 A which will cause a voltage drop in the power cable of 0 2 V to 0 6 V for a 10 ft length of pn 9922 cable The corresponding power loss is 0 2 W to 1 8 W For most applications the preferred power cable is CABLEPCBL L This cable consists of a twisted red black pair of wire gauge AWG 16 within a rugged Santoprene jacket It is cut to the specified length and the end finished for easy installation The voltage and power losses will be a factor of 2 5 smaller than for the pn 9922 cable If the power cable must be longer than 8 m 25 ft contact Campbell Scientific AC DC Power Adapter Kit A power adapter kit can be configured within the AP200 system enclosure to allow the AP200 to be powered from AC mains power The AC DC Power Adapter Kit pn 28549 is shown in FIGURE 4 8 and instructions for installing the adapter kit are given in Appendix G AC DC Power Adapter Kit FIGURE 4 8 AC DC power adapter kit installed in AP200 CF Card The AP200 stores data on a CompactFlash memory card There are two types of CF cards available today Industrial Grade and Standard or Commercial Grade Industrial Grade PC CF cards are certified to a higher standard in that they are designed to operate over a wider temperature range offer better vibration and sh
49. board display but the process is similar when using LoggerNet The AP200 keyboard menus are designed to guide the user step by step through the manual zero span process Each line in a menu is either a submenu or it displays or edits a public variable At the top level AP200 menu select Manual Zero Span The Manual Zero Span menu has four submenus that should be visited in the order listed Manual Zero Span Check Span Zero Do Zero CO2 amp H2O Do CO2 Span Do H20 Span seq ACTIVE valve number STARTsequenc After the steps on the four submenus are completed there are three lines to restart the valve switching sequence The following section provides details on this procedure 6 2 1 Check Zero and CO Span At the Manual Zero Span menu select Check Span Zero This menu guides the user through the steps to flow the CO span and zero gases to assess the current state of the IRGA Check Span Zero seq ACTIVE STOPsequence valve number CO2 SPAN PPM diag AP200 CO2 H20 41 AP200 COz H20 Atmospheric Profile System 42 If seq ACTIVE is True then set STOPsequence True to stop the sequence and then verify that seq ACTIVE changes to False Set valve number to Zero 9 Look at the LEDs on the valve module to confirm the selected valve is now active The CO2 SPAN PPM variable displays the concentration in the CO span tank Check the value of diag AP200 If it is not zero a problem in the AP200 sys
50. bolts Reversing the clip allows it to fit on a larger diameter pipe In some mounting situations it may be easier to access the wing nuts 1f they are on the other side Loosen the wing nuts but do not remove them completely to avoid the risk of dropping them Place the assembly against the vertical support swing the bracket around the back of the vertical support slide the bolt into the slot and hand tighten the wing nuts A typical installation of an AP200 intake assembly on pipes of differing diameters is shown in FIGURE 5 4 FIGURE 5 2 Mounting clip orientation for pipe diameters between 1 3 and 3 8 cm AP200 CO2 H20 Atmospheric Profile System FIGURE 5 3 Mounting clip orientation for pipe diameters between 3 9 and 5 1 cm FIGURE 5 4 Installation of AP200 assembly on a small diameter pipe left and large diameter pipe right 5 2 Plumbing 5 2 1 Profile Sample Tubes A sample tube must be used to bring the air sample from each intake assembly to the AP200 system enclosure Campbell Scientific pn 15702 or equivalent is recommended This tubing has an aluminum layer to minimize diffusion through the wall of the tube See Appendix H Using Swagelok Fittings for important information The AP200 has eleven inlets labeled 1 through 8 Zero CO Span and H O Span and one outlet labeled Exhaust All connections are 0 25 in Swagelok fittings mounted on the bottom of the enclosure as shown in FIGURE 5 5 23 AP
51. ced with pn 29999 Thread a new filter pn 29998 onto the orifice NOTE AP200 CO2 H20 Atmospheric Profile System Rain Diverter Filter ra FIGURE 7 2 Order of replacement for orifice filter and rain diverter Thread the rain diverter onto the filter and slide the insulation back down the tube to the filter Press the rain diverter back through its opening in the intake assembly See FIGURE 7 3 Take care not to loosen the connections between the rain diverter filter orifice and tube when snapping the rain diverter back into its mounting hole Restart the pump and check the sample flow If replacing the filter has not restored the flow contact Campbell Scientific FIGURE 7 3 Correct reassembly after filter replacement 49 AP200 COz H20 Atmospheric Profile System 7 4 LI 840A IRGA Consult the LI COR LI 840A manual at www licor com for details on maintaining the IRGA The following section gives details on installation removal and configuration of the IRGA as it relates to its installation in the AP200 7 4 1 Installing and Removing the IRGA The IRGA is easily installed or removed from the AP200 system The installed IRGA is shown in FIGURE 7 4 To install the IRGA in the AP200 Disconnect power from the AP200 Insert the IRGA into its mounting bracket and secure it with the Velcro strap 3 Remove the union fitting that connects the IN tube to the OUT tube Remove the green vin
52. come permanently swaged onto the tube Assembly instructions vary depending on plastic or metal tubing The assembly instructions are also slightly different for an initial installation than for subsequent reassembly First time assembly plastic tubing l Cutthe tubing to length 2 Make sure the cut is square and free of burrs 3 Sometypes of plastic tubing have an aluminum layer Take care not to flatten the tube as it is being cut 4 Pushan insert into the end of the tubing Do not remove the nuts and ferrules from the fitting Simply insert the tube into the assembled fitting until it bottoms out 6 Rotate the nut finger tight 7 While holding the fitting body steady tighten the nut one and one quarter turns For 1 16 in or 1 8 in sized fittings tighten the nut three quarters turn e First time assembly metal tubing Extra care is needed to avoid over tightening brass fittings when used with metal tubing These notes apply to reducers and port connectors as well as metal tubing No insert is required with metal tubing H 1 Appendix H Using Swagelok Fittings l Do not remove the nuts and ferrules from the fitting Simply insert the tube into the assembled fitting until it bottoms out 2 Rotate the nut until it is finger tight 3 While holding the fitting body steady tighten the nut until it feels tight Normally this will be less than one full turn Tightening a full one and one quarter turns will da
53. ctions before turning the system on Ifa fitting can be loosened with fingers it is not properly tightened e Dirt or debris in the tube fitting Use care when connecting or disconnecting tubes and install caps and plugs on tubes and fittings when they are not in use e Excessive bending Be careful to observe the minimum bend radius and avoid bending the tube near the end at the connections 7 2 Enclosure Desiccant Check the humidity indicator card in the mesh pocket in the AP200 system enclosure door The humidity indicator card has three colored circles that indicate the percentage of humidity Desiccant packets inside the enclosure should be replaced with fresh packets when the upper dot on the indicator begins to turn pink The indicator card does not need to be replaced unless the colored circles overrun CAUTION Campbell Scientific strongly suggests replacing desiccant instead of reactivating old desiccant Improper reactivation can cause the desiccant packets to explode If the user is determined to reactivate old desiccant packets follow the procedure provided in the ENC16 18 User Manual The replacement desiccant pack is the 4905 Single 4 Unit Silica Desiccant Bag The 4905 can be purchased in quantities of 20 as pn 6714 The replacement humidity indicator card is pn 28878 If the desiccant packs are being replaced very frequently make sure the feedthrough cap is properly installed see Section 5 3 3 Power and FIGURE 5 19
54. dard Components Standard with the AP200 are the AP200 system enclosure and four to eight intake assemblies The AP200 system enclosure always includes a sample pump valve manifold CR1000 datalogger and other electronics to control and monitor the system The components within the AP200 are shown in FIGURE 4 1 The CR1000 records data selects valves adjusts pumping speed to control system pressure and controls the temperatures of the pump and valve manifold AP200 CO2 H20 Atmospheric Profile System FIGURE 4 1 Interior of AP200 system enclosure The AP200 intake assembly pn 27693 includes an orifice to set the flow rate a filter that removes particulates and a rain diverter to admit a sample of ambient air without allowing precipitation to enter The rain diverter is heated to prevent condensation The intake assembly includes a mixing volume to dampen fluctuations in ambient concentrations of CO and H20 The closed intake assembly is shown in FIGURE 4 2 Rain Diverter FIGURE 4 2 Side view of AP200 intake assembly AP200 COz H20 Atmospheric Profile System NOTE Intake assemblies shipped prior to August 2013 had the rain diverter located at the end of the assembly rather than below as shown in FIGURE 4 3 This assembly also uses a different filter which is shown in FIGURE 4 13 and available for replacement as pn 27809 E CAMPBELL J SCIENTIFIC 3 ra ki Rain Diverter FIGURE 4 3 Side view of earlie
55. diation shield E 1 Installation location of power adapter sees G 1 Bundled cable of power adapter ncnnnenneenne G 1 Cable extension connected to AP200 power input terminal G 2 AC power cord secured within AP200 system enclosure G 3 Power adapter output cable plugged into cable extension G 3 Swagelok insert noiseen ae Ean teer tbt tree eee hoo binos H 3 Front and back Swagelok ferrules ssssssseeeenees H 3 Swagelok plug H 4 Swagelok cap cuca lia asas isa nde His H 4 Location of pump enclosure inside AP200 system enclosure J 1 Location of six screws of pump enclosure cover J 2 AP2OO PUMP ETE J 2 Location of pump connector in AP200 pump electronics J 3 Self tapping screws attaching pump to metal box J 3 Location of cuts to remove pump assembly from tubing J 4 Inlet and outlet tubing reconnected to pump sessesss J 4 Pump side with inlet and outlet tubing connected J 5 Equivalent Resistance for Intake Heaters Connected in Parallel 32 IRGA SEIN OS a IT 52 IRGA OUIDUIS ato alo anes 52 Summary of Bit Numbers Indicating Conditions Outside Normal Operating Range Loi ido Heo REOR satel B 1 Public Variables ita eroe Ue DO OR rias de C 1 Variables of the IntAvg Table se
56. e D 1 Variables of the CalAvg Table eee D 4 Variables of the SiteAvg Table nnnnenennen D 6 Variables of the RawDataTable see D 8 Variables of the TimeInfo Table eee D 10 Variables of the message log Table ee D 12 Profile Sequence timing Variables ees F 1 System Configuration Variables of Zero Span ss F 3 Timing for Zero Span Sequence check only F 4 Timing for Zero Span Sequence setting the IRGA F 5 Available Plastic Tubing Sizes Construction and Usage Guidelines sida eoe eee en E ons H 2 Dimensions and Part Numbers for Swagelok Inserts H 3 Dimensions and Part Numbers for Swagelok Ferrules H 3 Table of Contents H 4 Dimensions and Part Numbers for Swagelok Plugs H 4 H 5 Dimensions and Part Numbers for Swagelok Caps H 5 Table of Contents vi AP200 CO2 H20 Atmospheric Profile System 1 Introduction The AP200 CO2 H20 Atmospheric Profile System AP200 measures atmospheric carbon dioxide and water vapor at up to eight positions Intake assemblies are normally spaced along the height of a tower to enable measurement of a vertical profile The AP200 is commonly used in conjunction with an eddy covariance system to measure the storage term to give a more complete
57. e assembly sss 10 4 14 Single desicc nt Pack ana 10 4 15 Humidity indicator card ees 11 4 16 Diaphragm pump used in AP200 unucneeseeneesneesnnenenennen nennen 11 4 17 Plumbing diagram of AP200 SyStCM ooococcniconocononononcconcnnonnnononinnnnos 12 4 18 AP200 intake assembly shown open see 13 4 19 Nominal ambient pressure as related to increasing elevation 14 4 20 Nominal sample flow rate as related to increasing ambient PLE Us 14 4 21 Valve module and Swagelok feedthrough fittings on bottom Of AP200 enclosure ci edere mire ce ERRORI RENS 15 4 22 Pump module of AP200 system sse 17 4 23 Average power consumption relative to temperature 19 5 1 Installation showing mounting hardware of AP200 system enclosure on UT30 TOWER icor rerit i rte ted 21 5 2 Mounting clip orientation for pipe diameters between 1 3 and Eoo SPA CC PO te 22 5 3 Mounting clip orientation for pipe diameters between 3 9 and S Bo EMT P ERR 23 5 4 Installation of AP200 assembly on a small diameter pipe left and large diameter pipe right sse 23 5 5 Tubing connections on bottom of AP200 enclosure 24 5 6 Labeled inlet connections inside enclosure sss 24 5 7 Tubing connections from four intake assemblies connected to TUM CCOO OU A E EE E 25 5 8 AP200 system enclosu
58. e included in the average for level 1 from 9 01 42 to 9 01 48 when the valve will switch to level 2 Data will be included in the average for level 2 from 9 02 00 to 9 02 06 when the valve will switch to level 3 and so on Calibration Sequence The calibration zero span sequence timing depends on the number of levels used and also on whether the zero span is merely to be checked or if the IRGA is to set its internal zero and span coefficients In either case the zero span sequence cycle time is chosen to replace an integer multiple of profile sequences This allows a seamless transition back and forth between the profile sequence and the calibration sequence The zero span behavior is determined by two of the system configuration variables as shown in TABLE F 2 TABLE F 2 System Configuration Variables of Zero Span MEASURE TANKS AUTO ZEROSPAN False False Do not measure cylinders Run True profile sequence all the time True False Measure cylinders but do not set the zero or span True Measure cylinders and set the zero and span Without Setting Zero and Span If the AP200 is configured with MEASURE TANKS True and AUTO ZEROSPAN False it will check the zero and CO span but it will not command the IRGA to set them This section gives timing details for this case The AP200 zero span sequence will e Select inlet 10 CO Span omit at least 20 s for equilibration and include 10 s in the average e
59. e is too low check pump control and pump speed When the pressure falls below the setpoint the AP200 will respond by reducing pump control This should reduce pump speed and allow pump press to rise to the setpoint If pump control 0 but the pump is still running contact Campbell Scientific If the pump speed is oscillating check the value of BuffDepth This variable is found in the Status table see the CR1000 User Manual at www campbellsci com for more information The AP200 CRBasic program runs in Pipeline mode which allows measurements to stay on schedule even when processing tasks fall behind BuffDepth indicates how far processing has fallen behind measurements number of scans If processing falls too far behind the delay between measuring the pump pressure and adjusting the pump speed can cause the pump speed to oscillate Normally BuffDepth will be 2 or less If the value is higher than 2 contact Campbell Scientific Bit 5 Sample flow is outside its normal range If bit 5 of diag_AP200 is set this indicates the sample flow is outside the normal range To confirm this error check the value of sample_flow which is measured by a mass flow sensor mounted on the outlet of the valve manifold The sensor measures the flow to the IRGA The normal range for the sample flow is 100 to 350 ml min If the sample flow is outside this range see the appropriate section below Profile Inlets The sample flow for profile inlets is set by
60. e main AP200 menu and verify proper operation of the system as described in Section 5 6 1 Quick Status Check Using a Keyboard Display Maintenance and Troubleshooting 7 1 Most of the basic diagnostic and troubleshooting issues for the AP200 are covered in Appendix B AP200 Diagnostics This section provides additional detail on some issues Plumbing Leaks Most of the AP200 plumbing operates at reduced pressure If there is a leak ambient air will be pulled into the air stream mixing with the intended air sample and changing the concentration of CO and H20 A large leak can be easily identified by the higher than normal flow rate but a small leak may be difficult to detect One technique that may be helpful to check for leaks is to breathe on a suspect fitting while observing the measured CO concentration Because exhaled breath contains much higher CO than ambient air breathing on the location of a leak will cause a rise in measured CO If near the sample inlet take care that a user s exhalations do not reach the inlet directly There may be a substantial time delay when checking for leaks at the intake assembly The mixing volume can cause the delay and smooth the response A long intake tube will also introduce a significant time delay AP200 CO2 H20 Atmospheric Profile System Some common causes of leaks include e Forgetting to tighten a fitting during the installation It is good practice to check all of the tube conne
61. e onto DIN bus of AP200 system enclosure NOTE To connect a wire to the DIN rail terminal blocks of the AP200 enclosure insert a small screwdriver into the square hole to open the spring loaded contacts as shown in FIGURE 5 13 Insert the wire into the corresponding round hole and remove the screwdriver Gently tug the wire to confirm it is secure FIGURE 5 13 Use AP200 system screwariver to open contacts for wiring heater cable 29 AP200 COz H20 Atmospheric Profile System Route the heater cable to the first intake assembly and cut it to the needed length Open the intake assembly cover by gently spreading the tabs on the lower front corner and tilting it back See FIGURE 5 14 FIGURE 5 14 Tabs for opening intake assembly Loosen the nut on one of the three cable glands to avoid the risk of dropping the nut do not remove it completely Insert the cable and tighten the nut Connect the red and black wires to the corresponding terminal blocks as shown in FIGURE 5 15 FIGURE 5 15 Wiring of heater cable on AP200 intake assembly 30 NOTE AP200 CO2 H20 Atmospheric Profile System Insert and connect a second length of heater cable for the next intake assembly Continue this daisy chain from one intake assembly to the next until all of the intake assemblies are connected as shown in FIGURE 5 16 Intake assemblies will accommodate a third heater power cable that may be used to branch off to another intake assembly This
62. e two points are physically connected by a tube with relatively low flow such that they should be at similar pressures The measured pressure should agree within the combined uncertainty of the respective pressure sensors If they disagree by more than 4 kPa turn the pump off set pump ON False and allow the system to stabilize at ambient pressure Compare each pressure sensor to the pressure expected for the given elevation This test may help to diagnose a problem with the pump s pressure sensor Also see the notes on bit 7 If the pump pressure is too high check pump control If pump control 0 this indicates the AP200 has turned the pump off There are several reasons the AP200 may shut the pump off Low supply voltage see notes on bit 1 Valve temperature out of range see notes on bit 2 Pump temperature out of range see notes on bit 3 Pump has been turned off by the user if public variable pump ON False set pump ON True to turn the pump on If the pump pressure is too high and pump control is gt 0 check the value of pump speed to verify the pump is running If there is physical access to the AP200 listen for the sound of the pump to confirm it is running If the pump pressure is too high and the pump is running check the system for leaks If no leaks are found there may be a problem with the pump Contact Campbell Scientific for information on replacing the pump Appendix B AP200 Diagnostics If the pump pressur
63. e two system configuration variables BATT LOLIMIT and BATT DEADBAND that determine the shut down and turn on voltage see Section 5 4 1 System Configuration Variables To confirm the problem verify public variable batt volt LOW True This variable is set to True if the battery voltage falls below the shutoff limit batt volt lt BATT LOLIMIT Note that batt volt LOW will remain True until the supply voltage reaches the turn on voltage batt volt BATT LOLIMIT BATT DEADBAND The purpose of the deadband the gap between the shut down voltage and the turn on voltage is to protect the AP200 from repeated power cycles when the battery voltage is very near the shut down limit Note that for troubleshooting purposes if batt volt LOW True and batt volt is in the deadband manually set batt volt LOW False This will let the AP200 power up If this does not work measure the voltage at the AP200 power input terminals and compare this to batt volt Note that batt volt is measured in the datalogger which has a diode for reverse voltage protection The actual voltage at the input terminals will be approximately 0 3 volts higher than the value reported by batt volt The AP200 supply voltage must be 10 0 Vdc to 16 0 Vdc See Section 4 3 2 System Enclosure for details on the power required especially the extra power required for a cold startup Appendix B AP200 Diagnostics Bit 2 Valve temperature is outside its operating range Bi
64. ect sample flow from one intake assembly at a time through a CO2 H 0 IRGA A CR1000 datalogger records data selects 11 AP200 CO2 H2O Atmospheric Profile System 12 valves adjusts pumping speed to control system pressure and controls the temperatures of the pump and valve manifold FIGURE 4 17 is a plumbing diagram showing the various parts of the AP200 system connected Details for each part of the system are given in this section PORE ENGER REN et I I Pus Orifice Filter Rain diverter Dew point generator E DIDADA L r brbbbii o ri Sample flow ONT IRGA Valve Manifold Bypass flow e Pump V AP200 System Enclosure Ads de diei edad un FIGURE 4 17 Plumbing diagram of AP200 system AP200 CO2 H20 Atmospheric Profile System Intake Assemblies The AP200 intake assembly pn 27693 includes a heated rain diverter an inline filter an orifice and a mixing volume on a common mounting bracket with rain cover shown opened in FIGURE 4 18 The inline filter element pn 29998 is a 2 5 cm 1 0 in diameter PTFE membrane with a 3 micron pore size It removes particulates from the air sample that could clog the orifice or valve FIGURE 4 18 AP200 intake assembly shown open The orifice has a diameter of 0 18 mm 0 007 in to restrict flow to a maximum of approximately 247 standard mlemin at sea level The flow will be reduced at higher elevations due to the lower atmospher
65. ed in the output tables IntAvg CalAvg and SiteAvg The interpretation of this average given as diag AP200 Avg is slightly different than the original variable diag_AP200 for two reasons First it represents only the samples that are included in the averages see Appendix F Valve Sequence Timing for timing details B 1 Appendix B AP200 Diagnostics Second because it 1s an average over time it is impossible to tell which bits are set For example an average of 4 0 could mean that bit 3 numeric value 4 is set all the time or it could mean that bit 4 numeric value 8 is set half the time etc For this reason diag AP200 Avg can indicate only whether or not there was a problem nonzero value or not If diag AP200 Avg is nonzero use the time series of diag AP200 in the RawData table to diagnose the problem The following sections give details on each of the diagnostic bits Bit 1 Battery voltage is too low If bit 1 of diag AP200 is set this indicates the power source for the AP200 has dropped below the acceptable voltage limit This triggers the AP200 to power down as much of the system as possible to protect the user s battery from a deep discharge that might damage the battery The pump valves pump and valve heaters and fans and intake heaters will all be turned off The IRGA is powered directly so it cannot be turned off The AP200 will power up again when the supply voltage reaches an acceptable level There ar
66. ee Section 5 4 1 System Configuration Variables This pressure setting affects the power required for the pump lower pressure requires more power the possibility of water condensing in the tubing lower pressure helps to prevent condensation and the flow rate lower pressure will increase the flow rate The pump can achieve a maximum of approximately 60 kPa pressure drop from ambient pressure at zero flow The recommended setting for the pump is 35 kPa below ambient pressure The pump module includes two buffer volumes to dampen the pressure fluctuations from the pump The sample flow from the IRGA flows through these volumes in series on the way to the pump The bypass flow from non selected inlets connects directly to the pump Pump Speed The measured pumping speed is reported in public variable pump speed This is the rotational speed of the pump given in Hz The pumping speed will typically be 25 Hz to 40 Hz The actual value is not critical however as long as the pressure can be maintained at the setpoint 17 AP200 COz H20 Atmospheric Profile System 18 Pump Temperature The temperature of the pump module is reported in public variable pump tmpr The operating range of the pump is 0 C to 55 C If the pump temperature is outside this range the AP200 will disable the pump The pump module has a heater 8 W that turns on if the pump temperature falls below 2 C If the AP200 is started at cold temperature it may take up
67. em or intake assemblies See Appendix H Using Swagelok Fittings for information on proper connection AP200 COz H20 Atmospheric Profile System o Careful design of the power source for the AP200 should be undertaken to ensure uninterrupted power If needed contact a Campbell Scientific applications engineer for assistance o Retain all spare caps and plugs as these are required when shipping or storing the AP200 system Initial Inspection Overview Upon receipt of the AP200 inspect the packaging and contents for damage File damage claims with the shipping company Model numbers are found on each product On cables the model number is often found at the connection end of the cable Check this information against the enclosed shipping documents to verify the expected products and the correct lengths of cable are included The AP200 measures atmospheric carbon dioxide and water vapor at up to eight positions Intake assemblies are generally spaced along the height of a tower to enable measurement of the vertical profile The AP200 is commonly used in conjunction with an eddy covariance system to measure the storage term to give a more complete measurement of the surface exchange 4 1 System Components The AP200 consists of several components some of which are optional Some additional accessories are required to complete a fully functioning AP200 system and are described and illustrated in the sections that follow 4 1 1 Stan
68. emperature setpoint in C for H2OSpanDewPt While the pump is off and the IRGA sample cell is still at ambient pressure set SETpressAmbient True The AP200 will store the value of cell_press in PRESS_AMBIENT Verify that the value in PRESS_AMBIENT now matches cell_press The next two variables are Td_cell and Td_ambient Td_cell is the dewpoint temperature measured by the IRGA Td_ambient is corrected for the difference in pressure between the sample cell and ambient see Appendix I Useful Equations With the pump off these two dewpoint temperatures should match Step down to pump ON and set it to True to turn the pump on It should be possible to hear the pump start to run at full speed and then slow down to stabilize the pump pressure to its setpoint While the pump is on and the IRGA sample cell is stable at its normal operating pressure set SETspanCellP True The AP200 will store the value of cell press in SpanCellP Verify that the value in SpanCellP now matches that of cell press Set valve number to H2Ospan 11 Look at the LEDs on the valve module to confirm the H20 span valve is now active Check the value of diag AP200 If it is not zero a problem in the AP200 system should be resolved before continuing see Appendix B AP200 Diagnostics Wait for the value of Td ambient to stabilize This normally takes one to two minutes Set DO H20O span to True The AP200 will send the command to the IRGA to do an H20 span
69. ent 2 Remove the six screws that hold the cover on the AP200 pump module enclosure see FIGURE J 2 If the screws become lost or damaged they can be replaced with pn488 FIGURE J 2 Location of six screws of pump enclosure cover 3 Remove the cover to expose the pump FIGURE J 3 RR CU 0 J FIGURE J 3 AP200 pump 4 Remove pump connector from the pump electronics FIGURE J 4 Appendix J AP200 Pump Replacement FIGURE J 4 Location of pump connector in AP200 pump electronics 5 Gently lift the pump assembly from foam leaving the tubing attached 6 Turn assembly over and remove the two self tapping 6 screws that attach the pump to the metal box as shown in FIGURE J 5 If these screws become lost or damaged replace them with pn 13535 FIGURE J 5 Self tapping screws attaching pump to metal box 7 Cut the blue inlet and red outlet tubing on each side of the pump behind the barbed connector as shown in FIGURE J 6 Appendix J AP200 Pump Replacement FIGURE J 6 Location of cuts to remove pump assembly from tubing 8 Remove the pump from the assembly J 3 Installation To reinstall the AP200 pump carry out the following steps 1 Position the pump with the label up and connect the coiled tubing on both sides of the pump see FIGURE J 7 Blue tubing connects the inlets and red connects the outlets as directional arrows show on the side of the pump FIGURE J 8 PN Dsse i12 O C 1C6062 1C
70. er is discharged AP200 CO2 H20 Atmospheric Profile System 1313 y 1 2 0 31133 bk EE ELBE UR E T A i AP200 CO H O Atmospheric lalis Profile System 00000 CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC Made in USA FIGURE 5 17 Proper wiring of power cable onto DIN bus of AP200 system enclosure To relieve strain on the AP200 cables use a cable tie to secure the cables to the cable tie loop on the pump module as shown in FIGURE 5 18 FIGURE 5 18 Power cables secured to cable tie loop on pump module of AP200 enclosure Replace the cap on the AP200 enclosure feedthrough Gently bend the cables back while sliding the cap on and rotating the cap to minimize the space around the cables as shown in FIGURE 5 19 Tighten the thumbscrew to secure it 33 AP200 CO2 H2O Atmospheric Profile System 34 NOTE This will relieve further strain on the cable and also minimize air infiltration to extend the life of the enclosure desiccant packs 7 FIGURE 5 19 Cut away view showing proper replacement of feedthrough cap In very humid conditions it may be helpful to seal the cable feedthrough with plumber s putty The AP200 stores energy in a capacitor to provide backup power in the event power is interrupted The capacitor will power the datalogger for a few seconds allowing it to finish writing data to the CF card and close the file to prevent loss of data or damage to the CF card Do not attach additional sensors or othe
71. he CO span gas should have a well known concentration of CO balanced in air not nitrogen Install these cylinders in close proximity to the AP200 system enclosure Each cylinder must have a pressure regulator to control the outlet pressure at 0 psig and must have a 0 25 in Swagelok fitting on the outlet Connect these fittings to the valve module inlets using 0 25 in OD tubing such as pn 15702 Minimize the length of these tubes to reduce the equilibration time after the zero or CO span cylinder is selected FIGURE 5 8 illustrates this configuration Refer to Appendix H Using Swagelok Fittings for information on installing and replacing Swagelok fittings For convenience Campbell Scientific can supply pre swaged tube assemblies pn 21823 L for this purpose 25 AP200 CO2 H2O Atmospheric Profile System 26 NOTE NOTE 5 2 3 H20 Span Jl ss ss Bar e FIGURE 5 8 AP200 system enclosure configured with cylinders of zero air and CO2 Flow meters and needle valves are not needed because the AP200 zero and span inlets have flow restriction inside the system enclosure to set the flow rate Make sure there are no leaks in the regulators or the connections to the valve module For automatic operation the tank shutoff valves are left continuously open A plumbing leak could cause the contents of the tank to be lost When inlets are not in use replace the Swagelok plug to keep the system clean Open
72. he IRGA The IRGA is automatically configured by the AP200 program This configuration is sent to the IRGA when the program compiles or if the IRGA fails to respond for five consecutive samples Messages are written to the 51 AP200 COz H20 Atmospheric Profile System 52 message log output table when the configuration command is sent and when the settings are acknowledged The IRGA settings are given in TABLE 7 1 TABLE 7 1 IRGA Settings Setting Value Notes OUTRATE 0 5 Output data every 0 5 s HEATER TRUE Turn heater on PCOMP TRUE Pressure compensation on FILTER 0 No filter The outputs from the IRGA are shown in TABLE 7 2 and include TABLE 7 2 IRGA Outputs Public variable Description Units CO CO concentration ppm H O H20 concentration ppt cell tmpr Sample cell temperature C cell press Sample cell pressure kPa Td cell H20 dewpoint C 7 5 Zero Span Flow The flow for the zero and CO span cylinders is affected by the pressure regulator performance Pressure regulators designed for a low delivery pressure will generally perform better and should be used where possible To adjust these regulators start with them set for 0 psig outlet pressure Select the corresponding inlet and observe the sample flow Adjust the regulator outlet pressure to give approximately the same sample flow as for the profile inlets within 10 Most pressure regulators will
73. he valve temperature falls below 43 C Ifthe valve temperature is too high check the operation of the fan which is controlled by public variable valve fan ON This variable is saved in RawData only if saving all diagnostics Its corresponding variable valve fan Avg is saved in the averaged output tables IntAvg CalAvg and SiteA vg If the fan is on and the valve temperature is too high check the ambient temperature The AP200 is rated for ambient temperatures from 30 C to 45 C Bit 3 Pump temperature is outside its operating range Bit 3 of diag_AP200 indicates the pump temperature is outside its operating range This triggers the AP200 to shut down the pump and valves to protect the pump from possible damage To confirm the problem verify that public variable pump_tmpr_OK False This variable is set to True if the pump temperature is within its operating range and is set to False if it is outside this range For diagnosing a problem using data saved in the output tables IntAvg CalAvg or SiteAvg the variable pump_tmpr_OK is not available Instead check the value of PumpTmprOK Avg This is a floating point number that represents the fraction of time from 0 to 1 that pump tmpr OK is true during the averaging period A value of 1 indicates no pump temperature problem at any time during the averaging period A value of 0 indicates a pump temperature problem during the entire time B 3 Appendix B AP200 Diagnostics B 4
74. ic pressure The nominal ambient pressure as a function of elevation is shown in FIGURE 4 19 13 AP200 COz H20 Atmospheric Profile System 14 105 4 100 95 90 85 80 Ambient Pressure kPa 75 70 65 o 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 Elevation m FIGURE 4 19 Nominal ambient pressure as related to increasing elevation FIGURE 4 20 shows the nominal sample flow as a function of ambient pressure assuming a 35 kPa pressure drop across the orifice 250 4 240 230 220 210 200 Sample Flow ml min 190 180 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 Ambient Pressure kPa FIGURE 4 20 Nominal sample flow rate as related to increasing ambient pressure Taken together these two graphs show that the nominal flow varies from 247 ml min at sea level to 180 ml min at 3000 m The flow rate is reported in public variable sample flow Some variation in flow approximately 10 is to be expected due to variation in the actual size of the orifices and in the calibration of the flow sensor For example at an elevation of 1000 m the nominal ambient pressure is 90 kPa which gives a nominal flow of 225 ml min The normal expected range for the flow would be from 200 to 250 ml min AP200 CO2 H20 Atmospheric Profile System The flow will also vary with ambient temperature due to the corresponding change
75. in the sys conf var dat file so their values will be saved if the program 1s recompiled See Section 5 4 Configure the Program for more details MEASURE TANKS Set this variable to True to periodically switch to the zero and CO span cylinders AUTO ZEROSPAN This variable can be set to either True or False True will command the IRGA to perform the zero and span False will command the IRGA to measure the cylinders but not perform the zero and span The recommended default is to set this variable to True CAL INTERVAL This variable determines how often the calibration zero span cylinders are measured The recommended default is 1 440 min once per day CAL TIMEOFFSET This variable determines when the zero span is performed within the CAL INTERVAL time The recommended default is 720 min to start the calibration zero span sequence at noon CO2 SPAN PPM Enter the concentration of the CO span tank in ppm AP200 CO2 H20 Atmospheric Profile System After these variables are set the valve sequence must be restarted to make the changes effective See Section 5 5 Starting and Stopping the Sequence for detail on starting and stopping the sequence The program will then set its timing variables as appropriate for the options selected see Appendix F Valve Sequence Timing for details 6 2 Manual Zero and Span This section describes how to perform a manual zero and span of the IRGA This procedure assumes the use of a key
76. inlet for H2O span Connections 0 25 in Swagelok Mass Flow Sensor 0 to 1 0 standard liters per minute SLPM Heater 8 0 W turns on off at 5 C Warm up time Approximately 20 minutes from 30 C to 4 C Fan 0 7 W turns on at 45 C and off at 43 C 19 AP200 COz H20 Atmospheric Profile System 5 20 4 3 3 Intake Assembly Installation 5 1 Mounting Dimensions Weight Filter Orifice Heater Mixing volume Sample connection Heater cable entry seals Number of connections Cable diameter Heater cable screw terminals Wire diameter Wire stripping length Screw tightening torque 27 9 cm x 12 5 cm x 19 0 cm 11 0 in x 5 0 in x 7 5 in 1 4 kg 3 1 Ib 1 0 in diameter inline PTFE membrane filter 3 micron pore size CSI pn 29998 0 007 in inside diameter 560 ohms 0 25 W at 12Vdc 750 ml 0 25 in Swagelok 3 one in and up to two out 2 8 mm to 6 6 mm 0 11 in to 0 26 in 26 to 12 AWG 5 0 mm 0 2 in 0 4 Newton meter N m The following tools are required to install the AP200 system in the field Additional tools may be required for a user supplied tripod or tower Adjustable wrench Wire stripping tool 5 1 1 Support Structure 9 16 in open end wrench Tubing cutter included with AP200 Small flat tip screwdriver included with AP200 The AP200 system has two types of components that must be mounted to a support structure the intake assemblies and the AP200 sy
77. ition to the level specific data several other parameters apply to all levels Some are similar to the level specific data they are averaged only during the time end omit True The rest of the parameters are averages that include all data regardless of end omit At the end of the table are the average air temperatures for the optional temperature profile These data will be included only as specified by constant N AirTemps See Section 5 4 2 Compile Switches for details on setting program constants The variables stored in IntAvg are listed below including notes on when samples are included in the statistic and when the variable will be included in the TABLE D 1 TABLE D 1 Variables of the IntAvg Table s us When Used in When Included in Name Units Statistic Calculation Table TIMESTAMP TS always RECORD RN always D 1 Appendix D Output Tables TABLE D 1 Variables of the IntAvg Table Name Units Statistic DT b cus m diag AP200 Avg Avg end omit always L1 NumSamples Tot end omit always L1 CO2 ppm Avg end omit always L1 H20 ppt Avg end omit always L1 cell tmpr C Avg end omit always L1 cell press kPa Avg end omit always L1 sample flow ml min Avg end_omit always L2 NumSamples Tot end omit always L2 CO2 ppm Avg end omit always L2 H20 ppt Avg end_omit always L2 cell tmpr C Avg end_omit alway
78. its sample cell at 50 C There are also heaters and fans that will cycle on and off to maintain the temperatures of the pump and the valve manifold The maximum power consumption may briefly be as high as 45 W if the system is started at cold temperatures below 0 C Carefully design any DC power source to ensure uninterrupted power Contact a Campbell Scientific applications engineer for assistance if needed The AP200 can be damaged by pulling unfiltered air into the valve manifold Before applying power to the AP200 make sure each inlet has a filter such as included in the AP200 intake assemblies or is capped To reduce the risk of shorting the power supply this is especially important when using batteries connect the power cable to the AP200 first and then connect the other end to the power source Insert the power cable CABLEPCBL L through the feedthrough and connect it to the DIN rail bus in the system enclosure The red positive wire connects to one of the terminals labeled 10 to 16 Vdc In Connect the black negative wire to one of the terminals labeled G as shown in FIGURE 5 17 Two connections are provided for convenience if multiple power sources are to be connected for example two batteries or a battery and an AC DC power adapter Each of these two power connections has a diode to prevent reverse current flow This allows two batteries to be connected safely to the AP200 even if one is fully charged and the oth
79. l 18 the vapor pressure in the sample cell the factor 0 1 converts the vapor pressure from mb to kPa 2 is the enhancement factor T C 10P 1118 the dewpoint temperature in the sample cell amp 1 the ambient pressure converted from kPa to mb Compensate for the reduced pressure in the sample cell e e amb cell P cell amp 18 the ambient vapor pressure P where cel 18 the pressure in the sample cell Appendix Useful Equations Calculate the ambient dewpoint temperature ge _240 972_ Buck eq 7a W 17 502 z In eu _ Buck eq 7b 6 11217 where T amp 18 the ambient dewpoint temperature Z is an intermediate result In is the natural logarithm Appendix J AP200 Pump Replacement J 1 Introduction J 2 Removal NOTE A properly maintained AP200 system will exceed the lifetime of the system s pump This section provides step by step instructions for the user to replace the system pump pn 26402 rather than needing to return the pump enclosure to Campbell for replacement The AP200 pump module is mounted to the left side of the AP200 system enclosure as shown in FIGURE J 1 FIGURE J 1 Location of pump enclosure inside AP200 system enclosure To remove an AP200 pump carry out the following steps 1 Place the pump module on a horizontal surface It is very difficult to replace the pump if the module is mounted vertically on a tower J 1 Appendix J AP200 Pump Replacem
80. le always sample flow ml min Smp last sample always pump press kPa Smp last sample always panel tmpr C Smp last sample always batt volt V Smp last sample always T_air 1 C Smp last sample N AirTemps gt 0 T_air 2 C Smp last sample N AirTemps gt 1 T_air 3 C Smp last sample N AirTemps gt 2 T_air 4 C Smp last sample N AirTemps gt 3 T_air 5 E Smp last sample N_AirTemps gt 4 T air 6 SE Smp last sample N_AirTemps gt 5 T_air 7 RC Smp last sample N_AirTemps gt 6 Appendix D Output Tables TABLE D 4 Variables of the RawDataTable Name Units Statistic a When Included in Table T air 8 C Smp last sample N_AirTemps gt 7 pump_control Smp last sample SaveAll diagnostics True pump_ speed Hz Smp last sample SaveAll diagnostics True pump tmpr uo Smp last sample SaveAll diagnostics True pump heat Smp last sample SaveAll diagnostics True pump fan Smp last sample SaveAll diagnostics True valve tmpr SC Smp last sample SaveAll diagnostics True valve_heat Smp last sample SaveAll_diagnostics True valve_fan Smp last sample SaveAll_diagnostics True intake_heat Smp last sample SaveAll_diagnostics True STARTsequence Smp last sample SaveAll_ diagnostics True STOPsequence Smp last sample SaveAll_ diagnostics True seq ACTIVE Smp last sample SaveAll diagnostics True valve_mode Smp last sample SaveAll_ diagn
81. ll press kPa Avg end omit MaxLevels gt 6 L7 sample flow ml min Avg end omit MaxLevels gt 6 L8 NumSamples Tot end omit MaxLevels gt 7 L8 CO2 ppm Avg end omit MaxLevels gt 7 L8 H20 ppt Avg end_omit MaxLevels gt 7 L8 cell tmpr C Avg end_omit MaxLevels gt 7 L8 cell press kPa Avg end_omit MaxLevels gt 7 L8 sample flow ml min Avg end omit MaxLevels gt 7 pump press Avg kPa Avg end omit always pump control Avg Avg end_omit always pump_speed_Avg Hz Avg end_omit always PumpTmprOK Avg Avg all always pump tmpr Avg C Avg all always pump heat Avg Avg all always pump fan Avg Avg all always ValveTmprOK Avg Avg all always valve tmpr Avg C Avg all always valve heat Avg Avg all always valve fan Avg Avg all always intake heat Avg Avg all always batt volt Avg V Avg all always BattVoltLOW Avg Avg all always panel tmpr Avg C Avg all always T air Avg l C Avg all N AirTemps gt 0 T air Avg 2 C Avg all N AirTemps gt 1 D 3 Appendix D Output Tables D 4 TABLE D 1 Variables of the IntAvg Table Name Units Statistic rere mn m T air Avg 3 C Avg all N_AirTemps gt 2 T air Avg 4 C Avg all N_AirTemps gt 3 T_air_Avg 5 C Avg all N AirTemps gt 4 T air Avg 6 C Avg all N AirTemps gt 5 T air Avg 7 C Avg all N_AirTemps gt 6 T air Avg 8 C Avg all N AirTemps gt 7 CalAvg The CalAvg table contains data from the automated zero span sequences
82. lls Non warranty products returned for repair should be accompanied by a purchase order to cover repair costs CAMPBELL IE SCIENTIFIC 14532 131 Avenue NW Edmonton AB T5L 4X4 Campbell Scientific Canada Corp 80 454 2505 fax 780 454 2655 campbellsci ca PLEASE READ FIRST About this manual Please note that this manual was originally produced by Campbell Scientific Inc CSI primarily for the US market Some spellings weights and measures may reflect this origin Some useful conversion factors Area 1 in square inch 645 mm Length in inch 25 4 mm ft foot 2 304 8 mm 1 yard 0 914 m 1 mile 1 609 km Mass 1 oz ounce 28 35 g 1 Ib pound weight 0 454 kg Pressure 1 psi Ib in2 68 95 mb Volume 1 US gallon 3 785 litres In addition part ordering numbers may vary For example the CABLESCBL is a CSI part number and known as a FINSCOND at Campbell Scientific Canada CSC CSC Technical Support will be pleased to assist with any questions About sensor wiring Please note that certain sensor configurations may require a user supplied jumper wire It is recommended to review the sensor configuration requirements for your application and supply the jumper wire is necessary Precautions DANGER MANY HAZARDS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH INSTALLING USING MAINTAINING AND WORKING ON OR AROUND TRIPODS TOWERS AND ANY ATTACHMENTS TO TRIPODS AND TOWERS SUCH AS SENSORS CROSSARMS ENCLOSUR
83. mage the threads on the fitting and nut Reassembly plastic or metal tubing Swagelok tube fittings may be assembled and disassembled many times but the assembly process is slightly different than the first assembly 1 Insert the tube with pre swaged ferrules into the fitting until the front ferrule seats against the fitting body 2 Rotate the nut until it is finger tight 3 While holding the fitting body steady tighten the nut slightly with a wrench H 2 Common Replacement Parts Tubing Campbell Scientific can provide several types and sizes of plastic tubing A tubing cutter pn 7680 can be used to cut these tubes TABLE H 1 Available Plastic Tubing Sizes Construction and Usage Guidelines CSIpn Tubing Type OD in ID in Length ft Construction Notes 15702 Synflex 1300 1 4 0 17 500 Black HDPE Aluminum jacket overlapped layer limits 15703 3 8 1 4 250 aluminum tape diffusion best 19164 1 2 3 8 250 ethylene for sample copolymer liner tubes 26506 LLDPE 3 8 1 4 500 Black linear low More flexible density than HDPE 25539 1 2 3 8 500 polyethylene 19499 HDPE 5 8 1 2 100 Black high Required for density larger polyethylene diameter Tubing inserts Inserts are recommended for use in plastic tubing These inserts become permanently attached to the tubing at the first assembly so spare inserts may be needed for replacing the ends of tubing E
84. ntil the sequence is started Other modifications to the AP200 program for example to measure additional sensors are not recommended without first consulting a Campbell Scientific application engineer 5 4 1 System Configuration Variables Several special variables are used to configure the AP200 These variables are stored in the sys conf var dat file so their values will be saved and recalled if the program is recompiled They are intended to be set when a new system is installed but they may be edited at any time When a system configuration variable is changed the AP200 will write a message to the message log table and save the new values in sys conf var dat This section gives a brief description of each of these variables and refers the reader to the appropriate section of the user manual if a lengthy discussion is required PRESS AMBIENT This is the ambient pressure in kPa It depends primarily on elevation see FIGURE 4 19 but also varies slightly with barometric pressure This variable is used to convert the dewpoint temperature measured in the IRGA sample cell Td cell to dewpoint temperature at ambient pressure Td ambient It is also used during a manual H5O span operation There are three methods to determine the appropriate value for PRESS AMBIENT e f nominal ambient pressure is known simply enter the value e If elevation is known determine ambient pressure from FIGURE 4 19 e Ambient pressure can be measured by
85. ock resistance and have faster read write times AP200 COz H20 Atmospheric Profile System than their commercial counterparts Campbell Scientific recommends the use of industrial grade cards such as the CFMC2G FIGURE 4 6 available from Campbell Scientific For more details about this card see Application Note 3SM F CF Card Information available from www campbellsci com USB Memory Card Reader Writer The 17752 USB memory card reader writer shown in FIGURE 4 9 is a single slot high speed reader writer that allows a computer to read a memory card When used with Campbell Scientific equipment the 17752 typically reads data stored on CompactFlash cards but it can read many different types of memory cards The 17752 connects to the computer s USB port FIGURE 4 9 17752 USB memory card reader writer Temperature Probes The AP200 system can measure a temperature profile at up to eight levels using 107 L temperature probes The 107 is a rugged accurate probe that measures air temperature from 35 C to 50 C The L denotes that the cable length is specified at the time of order Radiation Shield Each 107 L temperature probe is normally mounted with a 41303 5A radiation shield The 41303 5A is a naturally aspirated six plate radiation shield Its louvered construction allows air to pass freely through the shield serving to keep the probe at or near ambient temperature The shield s white color reflects solar radiation The
86. ostics True ZeroSpanMode Smp last sample SaveAll_ diagnostics True DO_zero Smp last sample SaveAll_ diagnostics True DO CO2 span Smp last sample SaveAll diagnostics True DO H20 span Smp last sample SaveAll diagnostics True interval counter Smp last sample SaveAll diagnostics True end omit Smp last sample SaveAll_ diagnostics True sequence index Smp last sample SaveAll diagnostics True NewSite Smp last sample SaveAll_diagnostics True SiteOutput Smp last sample SaveAll_ diagnostics True SiteAvgDisable Smp last sample SaveAll diagnostics True Timelnfo The Timelnfo table stores all of the timing parameters for the automatic valve switching sequence A record is stored whenever the profile sequence starts when the program first starts up and when the sequence is manually stopped and restarted This table can generally be ignored but it provides useful historical information about the valve sequence timing It may be helpful for troubleshooting sequence timing issues The first values stored are the system configuration variables that control the sequence timing LEVELS_USED MEASURE_TANKS Appendix D Output Tables D 10 AUTO ZEROSPAN CAL INTERVAL and CAL TIMEOFFSET The next value sync interval is calculated by the program It is the duration of the valve sequence in seconds This value is used by the program to synchronize the valve sequence to the real time clock For example if sync interval
87. ot actively cool the sample cell when the ambient temperature is too high Ifthe sample cell temperature is above 52 C make sure the ambient temperature is no higher than 45 C and contact LI COR if the problem persists Bit 7 Cell pressure is not at the setpoint If bit 7 of diag_AP200 is set this indicates the IRGA sample cell pressure is not at the setpoint Compare the value of cell press to PUMP P SETPT Diagnostic bit 7 indicates they differ by more than 2 0 kPa The AP200 will control the speed of the sample pump to maintain pump press measured at the inlet of the pump at the setpoint pressure PUMP P SETPT If there is a problem with the pump this will normally result in both bits 4 and 7 being set see the notes above on bit 4 Having two independent diagnostics allows some insurance that both of the pressure sensors are working properly Compare cell press pressure measured by the IRGA to pump press pressure measured at the pump inlet These two points are physically connected by a tube with relatively low flow such that they should be at similar pressures The pressure values should agree within the combined uncertainty of the respective pressure sensors If they disagree by more than 4 kPa turn the pump off set pump ON False and allow the system to stabilize at ambient pressure Compare each pressure sensor to the pressure expected for the given elevation This test may help to diagnose a problem with the pump s pre
88. other than zero indicates a problem Diag AP200 contains several error flags encoded as binary bits To diagnose a problem first decode the value according to TABLE B 1 and then see the corresponding section in this appendix TABLE B 1 Summary of Bit Numbers Indicating Conditions Outside Normal Operating Range Binary Bit LSB 1 Numeric Value Error Condition 1 1 Battery voltage is too low 2 2 Valve temperature is outside its operating range 3 4 Pump temperature is outside its operating range 4 8 Pump pressure is not at the setpoint 5 16 Sample flow is outside its normal range 6 32 Cell temperature is outside its operating range 7 64 Cell pressure is not at the setpoint Example 1 Assume diag AP200 34 Because 34 32 2 this indicates bit 6 numeric value 32 and bit 2 numeric value 2 are set This means there are two problems e Bit 6 Cell temperature is outside its operating range e Bit 2 Valve temperature is outside its operating range This could arise if the system is powered up in cold weather and the valve manifold and IRGA sample cell have not yet reached their operating temperatures Example 2 Assume diag AP200 16 This indicates bit 5 numeric value 16 is set This means the sample flow is outside its normal range of 100 to 300 ml min Output Tables Every sample of diag_AP200 is stored in the RawData output table However only an average of diag_AP200 is stor
89. pheric Profile System to be powered from AC mains power To install the 28549 in an AP200 system enclosure untie the power adapter output cable and feed it under the tubes below the AP200 pump module Position the power adapter on the rubberized tab and secure it with the Velcro strap as shown in FIGURE G 1 FIGURE G 1 Installation location of power adapter Bundle the cable leaving the connector end free and tie it down to the ribbon cable and the green grounding wires as shown in FIGURE G 2 CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC in USA FIGURE G 2 Bundled cable of power adapter Strip the ends ofthe cable extension 3 8 inch and connect it to the AP200 power input terminals as shown in FIGURE G 3 G 1 Appendix G AC DC Adapter Kit NOTE NOTE The wire with the white stripe goes to the positive input terminal CAMPBE SCIENTIFI Made in USA gt FIGURE G 3 Cable extension connected to AP200 power input terminal If the power adapter kit was ordered with a detachable power cord remove the AP200 enclosure feedthrough cap insert the end of the power cord and plug it into the power adapter If a long AC power cord is required have a qualified electrician connect the field wireable plug pn 28771 supplied with the kit to a user supplied cord Secure the AC power cord with a wire tie and replace the feedthrough cap as shown in FIGURE G 4 Appendix G AC DC Adapter Kit FIGURE G 4 AC power cord secured wi
90. pressure kPa which is assumed to be the same as the pressure in the dewpoint generator SpanCellP This variable given in kPa is the pressure in the IRGA sample cell during the H20 span procedure The steps below will measure these pressures as part of the H20 span procedure PRESS AMBIENT and SpanCellP are used to calculate a pressure corrected span dewpoint temperature to send to the IRGA see Appendix I Useful Equations for details All three of these variables must be set for the IRGA H20 span setting to be enabled Do H20 Span seq ACTIVE STOPsequence cell press pump ON H2O0SpanDewPt PRESS AMBIEN SETpressAmbi Td cell Td ambient cell press pump ON SpanCellP SETspanCellP valve_number diag_AP200 Td_ambient DO_H2O_span AP200 CO2 H20 Atmospheric Profile System If seq ACTIVE is True then set STOPsequence True to stop the sequence and then verify seq ACTIVE changes to False Variable cell press is the pressure in the IRGA sample cell Set pump ON False to turn the pump off and it should be possible to hear the pump stop Wait for the value of cell press to rise and stabilize to ambient pressure This may take several minutes as the intake tubes and mixing volumes fill with air Make sure the dewpoint generator is connected to the H gt O Span inlet as shown in Section 5 2 3 H20 Span Consult the dewpoint generator s user manual for proper operation of the dewpoint generator Enter the dewpoint generator s t
91. r devices that are powered from the datalogger without consulting a Campbell Scientific applications engineer 5 4 Configure the Program The AP200 is shipped with the program AP200 vx x crl installed on the CR1000 datalogger A copy of the program is found on the AP200 Support CD pn 28552 or can be downloaded from www campbellsci com The AP200 program uses both constants and variables to customize the behavior of the system for a particular installation Constants are used for parameters that must be determined when the program is compiled and variables are used otherwise Constants are most easily modified using the CRBasic Editor which is part of the PC400 and LoggerNet datalogger support software packages They may also be edited with a simple text editor and uploaded to the datalogger using AP200 CO2 H20 Atmospheric Profile System PC200W which may be downloaded from www campbellsci com The AP200 uses some constants as compile switches to define the state of the system during compilation Variables may be edited while the program is running using either a keyboard display or a PC connected through PC200W PC400 or LoggerNet Variables that define the operational configuration of the system are defined as system configuration variables Any changes to these variables are automatically saved in non volatile memory NOTE A change to a system configuration variable that affects the valve switching sequence will not take effect u
92. r generation AP200 intake assembly 4 1 2 Optional Components The AP200 requires an LI 840A analyzer manufactured by LI COR Inc Lincoln NE to measure CO and H20 concentrations This infrared gas analyzer herein referred to as the IRGA can be provided as a factory installed option or it can be provided by the user The AP200 is designed for easy installation of the LI COR IRGA The IRGA installed in the AP200 enclosure is shown in FIGURE 4 4 For complete details see the LI 840A instruction manual available at www licor com FIGURE 4 4 The IRGA installed in the AP200 system enclosure AP200 CO2 H20 Atmospheric Profile System To store data on a CompactFlash CF memory card the AP200 requires either an NL115 or a CFM100 FIGURE 4 5 both available from Campbell Scientific Either storage module will provide data storage The NL115 has the added capabilities provided by an Ethernet interface FIGURE 4 5 Campbell Scientific NL115 and CFM100 CompactFlash storage modules The AP200 can be ordered with either the NL115 or the CFM100 module factory installed or it can be ordered with neither If the AP200 is ordered without a storage module the user must provide one The CF card FIGURE 4 6 for the storage module can be ordered separately from www campbellsci com see Section 4 1 3 Common Accessories For details see the CFM100 CompactFlash Module Instruction Manual or the NL115 Ethernet and CompactFlash Module Instr
93. re restarting the profile sequence As shown in TABLE F 4 this minimum timing adds up to 170 s for the zero span sequence The timing parameters are adjusted as needed to equal a multiple of the profile sequence cycle time For example if there are 8 levels used the profile cycle time is 120 s Because this is less than the 170 s required it is doubled to 240 s Extra equilibration time is added to each step to make the zero span sequence equal 240 s If there are four levels used the profile cycle time is only 60 s Three profile cycles times are used to give 180 s for the zero span sequence TABLE F 4 Timing for Zero Span Sequence setting the IRGA Number Profile Measure Measure Measure Equilibration Zero Span of Levels Cycle CO Span amp Set Zero amp Set CO Span Time s Time s Time s Time s Time s Time s Minimum 30 70 60 10 170 8 120 40 100 70 30 240 7 120 40 100 70 30 240 6 90 30 70 60 20 180 3 90 30 70 60 20 180 4 60 30 70 60 20 180 Each time the zero span sequence is run five records will be added to the SiteAvg and CalAvg tables CO Span tank before setting zero or span Zero tank before setting zero or span Zero tank after setting zero CO Span tank after setting zero CO Span tank after setting span F 5 Appendix F Valve Sequence Timing F 6 Appendix G AC DC Adapter Kit The 28549 AC DC Power Adapter Kit allows an AP200 COy H20 Atmos
94. re configured with cylinders of zero air and Oriol EI OMBRE OH desd 26 5 9 H20 span inlet configured for a dewpoint generator 27 5 10 AP200 earth grounded on a UT30 tower 27 Cable feedthrough cap shown removed to admit cables into the system enclosute 2 exea GE HE HEC ERE eH ERR 28 5 12 Proper wiring of heater cable onto DIN bus of AP200 system encloSUte coi ele GM HU li 29 5 13 Use AP200 system screwdriver to open contacts for wiring heater o H n 29 Table of Contents Tables Tabs for opening intake assembly sss 30 Wiring of heater cable on AP200 intake assembly 30 Three intake assemblies with heater cables daisy chained to the AP200 systetm encl s re orcos 31 Proper wiring of power cable onto DIN bus of AP200 system elc LO SUES sente ntur sU EIE 33 Power cables secured to cable tie loop on pump module of AP200 A itt eI E AA 33 Cut away view showing proper replacement of feedthrough cap 34 Releasing rain diverter from intake assembly 48 Order of replacement for orifice filter and rain diverter 49 Correct reassembly after filter replacement nen 49 Installed IRGA in system enclosure eee 50 Components and fittings of IRGA installation ss 51 107 L temperature probe mounted with ra
95. regulate the pressure only when there is flow through them When the flow stops because the AP200 selects some other valve the pressure will rise above the setting It will remain high until the zero or CO span valve is again selected and the flow can resume The flow will be higher than normal because pressure is higher than normal until the excess pressure is bled from the regulator and tube Most pressure regulators will also be affected by ambient temperature If the zero or CO span sample flow varies excessively as the ambient temperature changes or if the pressure rise at shut off is excessive consider using a different regulator The amount of zero or CO span gas consumed depends on the details of the application The following example shows how to estimate the expected consumption 8 Repair AP200 CO2 H20 Atmospheric Profile System Assume there are eight profile levels and that the AP200 is configured to set the zero and span every four hours From Appendix F Valve Sequence Timing the zero span sequence will select the CO span cylinder for 40 s the zero cylinder for 100 s and then the CO span cylinder again for 70 s The total sequence time for the CO span cylinder will be 110 s as 40 s 70 s 110 s and 100 s for the zero cylinder Assuming a flow of 250 ml min each zero span cycle will consume 250 ml min 110 s 1 min 60 s 1 L 1000 ml 0 46 L for the CO span tank and 250 ml min 100
96. ruction Manual available at www campbellsci com for mounting details Typical installation of an AP200 system enclosure on a UT30 tower is shown in FIGURE 5 1 FIGURE 5 1 Installation showing mounting hardware of AP200 system enclosure on UT30 tower Open the sealed bag containing the desiccant packs and humidity card Place two of the desiccant packs and the humidity indicator card in the mesh pocket in the enclosure door to desiccate the inside of the enclosure Reseal the remaining two desiccant packs in the bag to use later 5 1 3 Intake Assemblies The intake assemblies are mounted at the desired air sampling positions They can be mounted on vertical pipes of 1 3 cm 0 5 in to 5 1 cm 2 0 in diameter The orientation of the intake assembly mounting clip must be reversed to accommodate this range of diameters For mounting the intake 21 AP200 COz H20 Atmospheric Profile System 22 NOTE assembly on smaller pipes orient the mounting clips with their notches toward the pipe as shown it FIGURE 5 2 For larger pipes orient the mounting clips with their notches away from the pipe as shown in FIGURE 5 3 Orienting the mounting clip with its notch against the mounting pipe will help to prevent rotation of the intake assembly which can happen for small diameter pipes For larger pipe diameters greater than approximately 3 9 cm 1 5 in it may become difficult to install the intake assembly because of the length of the
97. s 1 min 60 s 1 L 1000 ml 0 42 L for the zero tank Rounding this volume up to 0 5 L and assuming the cylinders hold 200 cf 5 7 m each cylinder will last 5 7 m 1000 L m 0 5 L 11 400 zero span cycles At a 4 hr interval this 1s 1 900 days or more than five years The AP200 is designed to give years of trouble free service with reasonable care However if factory repair is needed first contact a Campbell Scientific applications engineer to obtain an RMA Return Materials Authorization number An RMA number and product safety documents are required prior to any repair shipments being accepted at Campbell Scientific Consult with a Campbell Scientific applications engineer to determine which parts or assemblies should be sent for repair Do not attempt to disassemble the system without specific instructions from Campbell Scientific Exceptions are the IRGA and the NL115 CFM100 which are easy to remove and install If the system enclosure is to be returned plug the inlets and cap the ends of all tubes to keep debris out Swagelok caps and plugs have been provided for this purpose 53 AP200 COz H20 Atmospheric Profile System 54 Appendix A Keyboard Display Menu The AP200 CRBasic program includes a custom menu for the keyboard display This menu provides a user friendly interface for some of the more common functions which are shown below The custom menu can be bypassed such that the user can interact
98. s L2_cell_press kPa Avg end omit always L2 sample flow ml min Avg end omit always L3 NumSamples Tot end omit always L3 CO2 ppm Avg end omit always L3 H20 ppt Avg end_omit always L3 cell tmpr C Avg end omit always L3 cell press kPa Avg end omit always L3 sample flow ml min Avg end omit always L4 NumSamples Tot end omit always L4 CO2 ppm Avg end omit always L4 H20 ppt Avg end omit always L4 cell tmpr C Avg end_omit always LA cell press kPa Avg end omit always L4 sample flow ml min Avg end_omit always L5 NumSamples Tot end omit MaxLevels gt 4 L5 CO2 ppm Avg end omit MaxLevels gt 4 L5 H20 ppt Avg end omit MaxLevels gt 4 L5 cell tmpr io Avg end omit MaxLevels gt 4 L5 cell press kPa Avg end_omit MaxLevels gt 4 L5 sample flow ml min Avg end_omit MaxLevels gt 4 L6 NumSamples Tot end omit MaxLevels gt 5 L6 CO2 ppm Avg end omit MaxLevels gt 5 Appendix D Output Tables TABLE D 1 Variables of the IntAvg Table Name Units Statistic ee d e m L6 H20 ppt Avg end omit MaxLevels gt 5 L6 cell tmpr 2C Avg end_omit MaxLevels gt 5 L6 cell press kPa Avg end_omit MaxLevels gt 5 L6 sample flow ml min Avg end omit MaxLevels gt 5 L7 NumSamples Tot end omit MaxLevels gt 6 L7 CO2 ppm Avg end omit MaxLevels gt 6 L7 H20 ppt Avg end omit MaxLevels gt 6 L7 cell tmpr 9C Avg end omit MaxLevels gt 6 L7 ce
99. s recommendation See Section 7 4 1 Installing and Removing the IRGA for instructions on installing and removing the IRGA and see the LI 840A IRGA user manual for details on performing the zero and span outside the AP200 system 2 TheIRGA zero and span may be performed manually without removing the IRGA from the AP200 Further details for this option are given in Section 6 2 Manual Zero and Span 3 TheIRGA zero and CO span may be performed automatically by the AP200 system This option can zero both CO and H20 but it can span only CO It is not practical to automatically span H20 because of the difficulty in providing an online H gt O span gas dewpoint generator in the field Further details for this option are given in Section 6 1 Automatic Zero and Span See Sections 5 2 2 Zero and CO Span and 5 2 3 H20 Span for details on plumbing connections to zero and span the IRGA while installed in the AP200 The following sections give details on configuring the AP200 for automatic or manual zero and span 6 1 Automatic Zero and Span NOTE This section describes how to configure the AP200 for periodic automated zero CO and H5O and CO span of the IRGA Five public variables are used to configure the AP200 for automatic zero and span These variables may be edited with keyboard display either at the Configure System menu or through the normal Public Table They may also be edited using LoggerNet These variables are stored
100. ss kPa IRGA sample cell pressure IRGA Td cell 3C dewpoint temperature measured by the IRGA INFO Td_ambient C Td_cell corrected to ambient pressure DIAG sample_flow ml min sample flow to the IRGA USER STARTsequence set to True to start the automatic valve sequence USER STOPsequence set to True to stop the automatic valve sequence C 1 Appendix C Public Variables TABLE C 1 Public Variables Usage Variable Name Units Description INFO seq ACTIVE Boolean flag True if the valve sequence is active INFO USER valve number valve number 1 to 11 determines which inlet is selected 1 index for valve switching sequence cycles from 1 to INFO sequence index LEVELS USED INFO smpl counter number of scans since last valve switch INFO ee Boolean flag True when equilibration time after valve switch is satisfied DIAG panel_tmpr ne temperature of the datalogger wiring panel DIAG batt volt V supply voltage measured inside datalogger after diode voltage drop DIAG batt volt LOW Boolean flag True if batt_volt is too low controls power ns shutdown DIAG valve_tmpr C temperature of the valve manifold DIAG valve impr OK Boolean flag True if the valve module is within operating z limits DIAG valve heat ON Boolean flag True if the valve heater is on DIAG valve fan ON Boolean flag True if the valve fan is on USER pump ON set to True to enable the s
101. ssenssnnnennnnsnnnnennnnennenneennennennnennenn 6 4 1 4 Other Accessories 2 0 eeceececsseesceeseeesceeeeeseceeeeseeeaeesaeeeecteceeeseeees 9 ALS Support SOIDWAIe eornm UFU RE ii 9 4 1 6 Replacement Parts sorte rei tt eed 10 42 Theory of Operation onieinae ii cidcid 11 4 2 1 Intake Assemblies coincide 13 42 2 Valve Manfold ihnen tet eite eet 15 4 2 3 Pump Module sii is intuition eui id ec fma 16 4 3 O A ended eiie 18 4 3 1 COs HoO Analyzer iidem iore epe aieiai 18 4 3 2 System Enclosure ccoo aiii iii 18 4 3 3 Intake Assembly iconos ninia lr iii tddi 20 5 Installation miis 20 Sl MOI csi ea e ERE Nc e Ra E 20 SLI Support SUC UTE nennen 20 5411 2 P200 EncloSute cia doin Rr ORCI s 21 3 1 3 Intake Assemblies oor Ona 21 5 27 NA eit bbecetie eb A Det AN 23 5 2 1 Profle Sample TUDES stc 23 522 Zero and COS Splitter iter o re tere 25 nS MEUS EUM EHE 26 5 3 HAIR o rE Ee EEEE oe EEE RE EA EERE EESTE 27 5 3 1 Ground Connection eee En oas Ers E EEn EREE GS 27 5 3 2 Intake Heater Cables sse 28 NI POWOE noD ERU EIER DRILL E TET vias 32 5 4 Configure the Program sse 34 5 4 1 System Configuration Variables sees 35 25 42 A erre e Pete roe eds 37 5 5 Starting and Stopping the Sequence 37 3 60 Verify Performance nin n HERO RR EErEE 38 5 6 1 Quick Status Check Using a Keyboard Display 38 5 6 2 Checking
102. ssure sensor or the IRGA s pressure sensor Appendix C Public Variables Some of the variables in the AP200 s CRBasic program are included in the Public table These public variables may be displayed or edited with a keyboard display or PC Other program variables are hidden from the user to reduce clutter in the Public table Many of these public variables are saved in the output tables Some of the public variables allow the user to set the operation of the system or to give diagnostic information The intended usage of the public variables is categorized as follows IRGA TAIR DIAG USER INFO INFO USER CONFIG measured directly by the IRGA air temperature defined only if N_AirTemps gt 0 diagnostic user setting provides information on system status conditional user setting may set if the sequence is stopped system configuration parameter saved in file Sys conf var dat The public variables are listed in TABLE C 1 TABLE C 1 Public Variables Usage Variable Name Units Description RecNum RN record number TimeStamp TS date and time the record was measured DIAG diag AP200 E ee word nonzero value indicates a INFO interval counts ae of scans since the start of this output interval half IRGA CO2 ppm CO concentration measured by the IRGA IRGA H20 ppt H20 concentration measured by the IRGA IRGA cell tmpr C IRGA sample cell temperature IRGA cell pre
103. stem enclosure The support structure itself is not included in the AP200 so that it can be tailored to specific needs but several options are available Contact a Campbell Scientific application engineer for more information on site specific mounting options The following installation notes show a typical application using a UT30 tower The AP200 intake assemblies are designed to mount on a vertical pipe of 1 3 cm to 5 1 cm 0 5 in to 2 0 in diameter They should be mounted at the positions where the air is to be sampled The AP200 system enclosure should be mounted where it can be accessed easily to retrieve data from the CF cards on the datalogger The AP200 can be configured with one of these mounting options similar to the standard ENC16 18 enclosure e Triangular tower UT10 UT20 or UT30 e Tripod mast 1 5 in to 1 9 in diameter e Tripod leg CM106 or CM106K tripod only AP200 CO2 H20 Atmospheric Profile System e Large pole 4 0 in to 10 0 in diameter e No mounting bracket Consult the ENC10 12 ENC12 14 ENC14 16 ENC16 18 Instruction Manual available at www campbellsci com for details on mounting bracket options 5 1 2 AP200 Enclosure Mount the AP200 system enclosure where it can be accessed easily to retrieve data from the CF cards on the datalogger The AP200 system enclosure is similar to the ENC16 18 enclosure and it has the same mounting options available Consult the ENC10 12 ENC12 14 ENC14 16 ENC16 18 Inst
104. t 2 of diag AP200 indicates the valve temperature is outside its operating range This triggers the AP200 to shut down the valves and pump to protect the valves from possible damage To confirm the problem verify that public variable valve tmpr OK False This variable is set to True if the valve temperature is within its operating range and is set to False if it is outside this range For diagnosing a problem using data saved in the output tables IntAvg CalAvg or SiteAvg the variable valve tmpr OK is not available Instead check the value of ValveTmprOK Avg This is a floating point number that represents the fraction of time from 0 to 1 that valve tmpr OK is true during the averaging period A value of 1 indicates no valve temperature problem at any time during the averaging period A value of 0 indicates a valve temperature problem during the entire time Also check the measured valve temperature valve tmpr and compare it to the operating range 4 C to 49 C The valve module has a heater that turns on if valve tmpr falls below 5 C If the valve temperature is too low check the operation of the heater which is controlled by public variable valve heat ON This variable is saved in RawData only if saving all diagnostics Its corresponding variable valve heat Avg is saved in the averaged output tables IntAvg CalAvg and SiteAvg The valve module has a fan that turns on if valve tmpr rises above 45 C The fan will stay on until t
105. t a transient change in atmospheric CO or H20 concentration will be measured by each of the intakes regardless of when it occurs during the valve switching cycle 4 2 2 Valve Manifold The valve manifold is mounted on the bottom of the AP200 system enclosure It has LEDs to show which valve is active and the state of the heater and fan It has stainless steel tubes that connect the manifold to Swagelok feedthrough fittings on the bottom of the enclosure as shown in FIGURE 4 21 valve woo e O Zero ff CO Span H 0 Span Heater Fan Be Lad m p FIGURE 4 21 Valve module and Swagelok feedthrough fittings on bottom of AP200 enclosure 15 AP200 COz H20 Atmospheric Profile System 16 The valve manifold has eleven inlets eight for air samples and three for zero span and two outlets sample and bypass Each air sample inlet has a three way solenoid valve that connects it to one of the two outlets This valve connects its corresponding inlet to the bypass outlet when it is off and to the sample outlet when it is energized The sample outlet connects to the IRGA and the bypass outlet connects directly to the pump Therefore the sample inlets will have a continuous flow regardless of which inlet is sampled by the IRGA This continuous flow stores an air sample history in the intake assembly mixing volumes keeps the mixing volumes and sample tubes at low pressure to prevent condensation
106. tem should be resolved before continuing see Appendix B AP200 Diagnostics Wait for the values of CO and H20 to stabilize Normally this takes one or two minutes Record the value of CO This is the measured CO concentration in ppm If the zero cylinder is selected the value should be close to zero If the CO span tank is selected it should be close to the value of CO2 SPAN PPM Record the value of H20 This is the measured H20 concentration in ppt The value should be close to zero for either cylinder Set valve number to CO span 10 and repeat the previous steps Press Esc to return to the Manual Zero Span menu 6 2 2 Do CO and H20 Zero At the Manual Zero Span menu select Do Zero CO2 amp H2O gt This menu guides the user through the steps to flow the zero gas and to send the command to zero the IRGA Do Zero CO2 amp H20 seq ACTIVE STOPsequence valve number diag_AP200 CO2 H20 DO zero If seq ACTIVE is True then set STOPsequence True to stop the sequence Then verify seq ACTIVE changes to False Set valve number to Zero 9 Look at the LEDs on the valve module to confirm the Zero valve is now active Check the value of diag AP200 If it is not zero a problem in the AP200 system should be resolved before continuing see Appendix B AP200 Diagnostics AP200 CO2 H20 Atmospheric Profile System Wait for the value of CO and H20 to stabilize This normally takes one to
107. temperature probe with its accompanying radiation shield is shown in FIGURE 4 10 FIGURE 4 10 107 L temperature probe mounted with radiation shield AP200 CO2 H20 Atmospheric Profile System 4 1 4 Other Accessories Portable Keyboard The CR1000KD shown in FIGURE 4 11 is a portable keyboard and display screen for the CR1000 datalogger The CR1000KD can check the datalogger s status display or plot sensor readings and stored values and allows the user to enter numeric data It is similar to the hard mounted keyboard display option for the AP200 but the CR1000KD may be carried from station to station and is useful when multiple AP200s are being maintained FIGURE 4 11 CH1000KD handheld keyboard display 4 1 5 Support Software There are several software products available from Campbell Scientific to allow the user to connect a PC to the AP200 s datalogger PC200W PC200W is a free starter software package that provides basic tools clock set program download monitor data retrieve data etc The PC200W supports direct connections between PC and datalogger but has no telecommunications or scheduled data collection support PC400 PC400 is a mid level software package that supports a variety of telecommunication options manual data collection data display and includes a full featured CRBasic program editor PC400 does not support combined communication options for example phone to RF PakBus routing or scheduled data
108. thin AP200 system enclosure Plug the AC power cord into AC mains power 100 Vac to 240 Vac 47 Hz to 63 Hz Plug the power adapter output cable into the cable extension as shown in FIGURE G 5 CO2 amp H20 Profile System c CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC FIGURE G 5 Power adapter output cable plugged into cable extension G 3 Appendix G AC DC Adapter Kit Appendix H Using Swagelok Fittings H 1 Assembly NOTE This appendix gives a few tips on using Swagelok tube fittings For more information consult a local Swagelok dealer or visit their website at www swagelok com General Notes e Do not use fitting components from other manufacturers They are not interchangeable with Swagelok fittings e Do not attempt to use metric fittings 6 0 mm is very close to 0 25 in but they are not interchangeable Metric fittings can be identified by the stepped shoulder on the nut and on the body hex e Make sure that the tubing rests firmly on the shoulder of the fitting body before tightening the nut e Never turn the fitting body Instead hold the fitting body and turn the nut e Keep tubing and fittings clean Always use caps and plugs to keep dirt and debris out e Do not overtighten fittings as it will damage the threads e Ifanutcannot be easily tightened by hand it is an indication that the threads have been damaged Replace any damaged nuts and fittings The first time a Swagelok fitting is assembled the ferrules be
109. to 50 minutes to warm the pump module from 30 C to 0 C When it reaches 2 C the heater will cycle on off as needed to maintain this temperature The fraction of time the pump heater is on is reported in the output tables IntAvg CalAvg and SiteAvg as pump heat Avg Once the pump is warmed up and starts running it will normally keep itself warm without additional heat to approximately 30 C ambient The pump module has a fan 0 7 W that turns on if the pump temperature rises above 50 C The fan will stay on until the pump temperature falls below 45 C The fraction of time the pump fan is on is reported in the output tables IntAvg CalAvg and SiteAvg as pump fan Avg This will typically increase from zero at 20 C ambient temperature to 0 5 0 4 W average power at 45 C The outlet of the pump connects to a small volume to reduce noise and then to the Exhaust fitting on the bottom of the system enclosure This fitting has a screen to prevent insects or debris from entering when the pump is off If exhausting the air samples at this location is a problem for example if it is close enough to an inlet to affect its measurement this screen may be removed and a tube may be attached to divert the pump exhaust to another location The screen may be attached to the end of the tube with a Swagelok union In most cases the screen may simply be left in place 4 3 Specifications 4 3 1 CO2 H20 Analyzer CO and H20 are measured with an L
110. to 0 5 4 W average power at 30 C The valve module has a fan 0 7 W that turns on if the valve temperature rises above 45 C The fan will stay on until the valve temperature falls below 43 C The fraction of time the valve fan is on is reported in the output tables IntAvg CalAvg and SiteAvg as valve fan Avg This will typically increase from zero at 35 C ambient temperature to 1 0 0 7 W average power at 45 C 4 2 3 Pump Module The AP200 pump module is mounted on the left side of the AP200 system enclosure as shown in FIGURE 4 22 AP200 CO2 H20 Atmospheric Profile System FIGURE 4 22 Pump module of AP200 system The AP200 pump module pulls air through the system and exhausts it through the Exhaust fitting on the bottom of the system enclosure It uses a small double head diaphragm pump with a brushless DC motor This pump includes a speed control input and a tachometer to measure the actual pumping speed It is mounted in an insulated temperature controlled box inside the AP200 system enclosure The following sections describe the monitored pump operating parameters Pump Inlet Pressure The measured inlet pressure of the pump is reported in public variable pump press The AP200 sets the value of public variable pump control to a value between 0 off and 1 full speed to adjust the pump s speed as needed to match the measured pressure to the setpoint pressure PUMP P SETPT PUMP P SETPT is a system configuration variable s
111. two minutes Set DO zero to True The AP200 will send the commands to the IRGA to do a CO zero and then an H20 zero While the IRGA is setting to zero the values for CO and H20 will not be available and NAN not a number will be displayed This will take approximately 20 s When the process is complete CO and H20 will again be displayed Verify that both of these values are close to zero Press Esc to return to the Manual Zero Span menu 6 2 3 Do CO Span At the Manual Zero Span menu select Do CO2 Span This menu guides the user through the steps to begin flow of the CO span gas and to send the command to the IRGA to set its CO span Do CO2 Span seq ACTIVE STOPsequence CO2 SPAN PPM valve number diag AP200 CO2 DO CO2 span Ifseq ACTIVE is True set STOPsequence True to stop the sequence Then verify that seq ACTIVE changes to False Check the value of CO2 SPAN PPM This is the span value that will be sent to the IRGA Ensure that the value is correct for the concentration in the CO2 span cylinder Set valve number to CO2span 10 Look at the LEDs on the valve module to confirm the CO span valve is now active Check the value of diag AP200 If it is not zero a problem in the AP200 system should be resolved before continuing see Appendix B AP200 Diagnostics Wait for the value of CO to stabilize This normally takes one to two minutes Set DO CO2 span to True The AP200 will send the command to
112. uction Manual and the Application Note 3SM F CF Card Information All manuals are available at www campbellsci com SFMJ Requirement Orven SSD Soluons CFV 2GB TSI 3522 1433 FIGURE 4 6 CFMC2G 2GB CompactFlash memory card The AP200 can be ordered with an optional keyboard display factory mounted in the system enclosure FIGURE 4 7 This keyboard display provides a convenient user interface to change settings or view status and data in the field AP200 COz H20 Atmospheric Profile System NOTE Mm FIGURE 4 7 AP200 keyboard display mounted in system enclosure This user interface is also available using a hand held detachable keyboard display the CR1000KD as described in Section 4 1 4 Other Accessories The CR1000KD may be preferred when multiple AP200s are to be maintained The factory mounted keyboard display is permanently attached so it cannot be forgotten or misplaced For more detail on the keyboard display see the CR 000 Measurement and Control System Operator s Manual The AP200 can be configured with one of several mounting options for the system enclosure The AP200 system enclosure is similar to the Campbell Scientific ENC16 18 enclosure The same mounting options are available and outlined below Triangular tower UT10 UT20 or UT30 Tripod mast 1 5 in to 1 9 in diameter Tripod leg CM106 or CM106K tripod only Large pole 4 0 in to 10 0 in diameter No mounting bracket Consult the E
113. user may not change it If the sequence is stopped seq ACTIVE False the user may change the value of valve number to control the valves manually 5 6 Verify Performance After the AP200 is installed it is important to make sure it is operating properly 5 6 1 Quick Status Check Using a Keyboard Display The optional hard mounted keyboard display or a hand held CR1000KD provides an easy user interface to the AP200 See Appendix A Keyboard Display Menu for a listing of the AP200 keyboard display menus See the CRIOO0KD User Manual for operating instructions Press a key to activate the display and select the Check Status page Check Status diag AP200 CO2 H20 seq ACTIVE valve number sample flow cell press This menu page gives a quick look at the following public variables diag AP200 this should be zero If not see Appendix B AP200 Diagnostics CO2 this is the CO concentration given in ppm Verify that this is a reasonable value H2O this is the H20 concentration given in ppt Verify that this is a reasonable value seq ACTIVE this should be True If not see Section 5 5 Starting and Stopping the Sequence AP200 CO2 H20 Atmospheric Profile System valve number this is normally an integer from 1 to 8 indicating which profile level is being sampled If the sequence is active this number should increment approximately every 15 s see Appendix F Valve Sequence Timing for details It may be 9 Zero or 1
114. variables described below If any of the variables that control the valve sequence are edited the sequence must be stopped and restarted before changes will be in effect The following public variables allow the user to start and stop the sequence and to control the valves manually seq ACTIVE Reports whether the AP200 is controlling the valves True or not False If seq ACTIVE False the valves can be controlled manually This variable is for information only its value cannot be directly changed by the user STARTsequence Allows the user to start the sequence Set this variable to True to start the automatic valve switching sequence The AP200 will change valve number to 1 and wait until it can synchronize the valve sequence to the real time clock This may take up to two minutes see Appendix F Valve 37 AP200 COz H20 Atmospheric Profile System 38 Sequence Timing for timing details When the sequence is restarted the AP200 will set seq ACTIVE True and STARTsequence False STOPsequence Allows the user to stop the sequence Set this variable to True to stop the automatic valve switching sequence The AP200 will immediately set seq ACTIVE False and leave the valve number in its current state valve number Controls which valve is selected It may be 1 through 8 profile inlets 9 zero 10 CO Span or 11 H O Span If the sequence is active seq ACTIVE True the AP200 controls the state of valve number and the
115. veraging period As shown in TABLE F 1 the timing for 4 6 or 8 levels simply use these minimum values giving 15 20 or 30 cycles per half hour The times are extended slightly for 5 or 7 levels to give integer number of cycles per half hour TABLE F 1 Profile Sequence timing Variables Number Time on Omitted Averaged Cycle Cycles of Levels Level s Time s Time s Time s Half Hour i 15 10 5 60 30 5 18 12 6 90 20 6 15 10 5 90 20 7 18 17 12 11 6 120 15 8 15 10 5 120 15 18 son level 1 with 12 s omitted 17 s with 11 s omitted for the rest of the levels F 1 Appendix F Valve Sequence Timing The profile sequence timing parameters are implemented in the AP200 CRBasic program as a set of three arrays These arrays have eight locations to accommodate up to eight levels These arrays are not accessible in the Public table but they are output to the Timelnfo table as a record of the system configuration See Appendix D Output Tables for details on this table As the AP200 program steps through the profile sequence variable sequence index cycles from 1 to LEVELS USED to access the values stored in the corresponding location in these arrays Array ProfileSequence contains the valve number for each step in the profile sequence The values in this array increment from 1 to LEVELS USED Ifthe intake assemblies are installed according to normal convention the lowest intake will be
116. verification each of the variables in the public table can be compared to their normal values See Appendix C Public Variables for details 5 6 3 On site System Checks There are several important checks that can be done on site during initial installation and during routine site visits to retrieve data and maintain the system NL115 or CFM100 Check that the status LED is blinking red periodically indicating that data are being written to the card See the NL115 or CFM100 manual for details Sample pump Listen to the sample pump which should be making a steady hum A slight change in pitch is normal when switching between the calibration zero span and profile sequences but a sustained oscillation in the pitch indicates a problem See Appendix B AP200 Diagnostics Bit 4 Enclosure humidity Check the humidity indicator card on the door of the AP200 system enclosure and replace the desiccant when the humidity reaches 50 See Section 7 2 Enclosure Desiccant Zero and span cylinders Check the cylinder and regulator outlet pressures It is recommended to log the tank pressures at each site visit and note the trend 39 AP200 COz H20 Atmospheric Profile System 6 40 Infrared Gas Analyzer IRGA Zero and Span The IRGA should be zeroed and spanned periodically to maintain its accuracy There are three ways to accomplish this 1 TheIRGA can be removed from the AP200 system and zeroed and spanned per the manufacturer
117. ways CO2 Avg ppm Avg end_omit always H20_ Avg ppt Avg end_omit always cell tmpr_Avg C Avg end omit always cell press Avg kPa Avg end omit always Td cell Avg C Avg end_omit always Td ambient Avg C Avg end omit always sample flow Avg ml min Avg end_omit always pump press Avg kPa Avg end omit always pump control Avg Avg end_omit always pump_speed_Avg Hz Avg end_omit always PumpTmprOK Avg Avg all always pump tmpr Avg E Avg all always pump heat Avg Avg all always pump fan Avg Avg all always ValveTmprOK Avg Avg all always valve tmpr Avg C Avg all always valve heat Avg Avg all always valve fan Avg Avg all always intake heat Avg Avg all always batt_volt_Avg V Avg all always BattVoltLOW Avg Avg all always panel tmpr Avg C Avg all always interval_counter Smp last sample always CO2_Std ppm Std end omit always H20 Std ppt Std end omit always cell tmpr Std E Std end_omit always cell_press_Std kPa Std end_omit always sample flow Std ml min Std end omit always pump press Std kPa Std end omit always pump control Std Std end omit always pump speed Std Hz Std end omit always D 5 Appendix D Output Tables TABLE D 2 Variables of the CalAvg Table Name Units Statistic re D i T air Avg 1 C Avg all N_AirTemps gt 0 T_air_Avg 2 C Avg all N AirTemps gt 1 T air Avg 3 us Avg all N AirTemps gt 2 T air Avg 4 Ke Avg all N_AirTemps gt 3 T air Avg 5
118. work e Use appropriate equipment and safety practices e During installation and maintenance keep tower and tripod sites clear of un trained or non essential personnel Take precautions to prevent elevated tools and objects from dropping e Do not perform any work in inclement weather including wind rain snow lightning etc Maintenance e Periodically at least yearly check for wear and damage including corrosion stress cracks frayed cables loose cable clamps cable tightness etc and take necessary corrective actions e Periodically at least yearly check electrical ground connections WHILE EVERY ATTEMPT IS MADE TO EMBODY THE HIGHEST DEGREE OF SAFETY IN ALL CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC PRODUCTS THE CUSTOMER ASSUMES ALL RISK FROM ANY INJURY RESULTING FROM IMPROPER INSTALLATION USE OR MAINTENANCE OF TRIPODS TOWERS OR ATTACHMENTS TO TRIPODS AND TOWERS SUCH AS SENSORS CROSSARMS ENCLOSURES ANTENNAS ETC Table of Contents PDF viewers These page numbers refer to the printed version of this document Use the PDF reader bookmarks tab for links to specific sections 1 edge lo UL es dc e ER 1 2 Cautionary Statements 1 3 Initial Inspection RT 2 MESURE 2 4 1 SYSTEM COMPONEN so ing ore E Cr EROR RU PERO aaa 2 4 1 1 Standard Components uuussessssenneesnensnenensennnennnnnenennnonnnn aiast 2 4 1 2 Optional Components estatal fetes aaezi 4 4 1 3 Common AccessorieS esseensen
119. yl caps from the IRGA fittings slide the caps onto the union and store the union in the storage pocket in the door of the AP200 system enclosure Connect the inlet and outlet tubes to the IRGA connect IN to IN and OUT to OUT Push the tube fully onto the fitting and tighten the knurled nut by hand Hold the tube to prevent it from rotating while tightening the nut 4 Connect the serial cable 5 Connect the power connector FIGURE 7 4 Installed IRGA in system enclosure 50 AP200 CO2 H20 Atmospheric Profile System To remove the IRGA from the AP200 m Disconnect power from the AP200 2 Disconnect the power connector from the IRGA Leave the wires connected to the terminal block and pull the terminal block out of the IRGA If the IRGA is to be powered outside the AP200 use the spare terminal block supplied with the IRGA Disconnect the serial cable from the IRGA 4 Disconnect the inlet and outlet tubes from the IRGA Hold the tube to prevent it from rotating while loosening the knurled nut Pull the tube off the fitting 5 To keep the AP200 and the IRGA clean connect the IN tube to the OUT tube using the union fitting in the storage pocket in the door of the AP200 system enclosure Plug the IRGA fittings with the green vinyl caps 6 Undo the Velcro strap and remove the IRGA from the mounting bracket U FIGURE 7 5 Components and fittings of IRGA installation 7 4 2 Configuring t
120. zero span inlets is set by restriction in the small stainless steel tubes that connect the bulkhead fittings to the valve manifold See Section 4 2 2 Valve Manifold for details If the flow goes too high at a valve switch but comes into the normal range in a few seconds this is normal It is caused by the pressure regulator on the cylinder See notes on pressure regulators in Section 7 5 Zero Span Flow As long as the sample flow is within the normal range by the time the data are included in the average this is acceptable If the flow for a zero or CO span inlet stabilizes at a flow that is too high or too low this is most likely caused by the pressure setting on the regulator Adjust the pressure regulator to give the desired sample flow with the corresponding inlet selected Bit 6 Cell temperature is outside its operating range If bit 6 of diag AP200 is set this indicates the IRGA sample cell temperature is outside the normal range To confirm this error check the value of cell tmpr which is measured by the IRGA The normal range for the sample cell temperature is 48 C to 52 C The IRGA heats the sample cell to maintain its temperature at a nominal 50 C It may take several minutes to stabilize at this temperature when the system is powered up as much as 20 or 30 min if starting from 20 C If the system has been powered for at least 30 min and the cell temperature is still below 48 C contact LI COR The IRGA does n

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