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Home Energy Management System by Banh, O`Hara, Odell, Saetern

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1. 75 TABLE 17 MOBILE WEBSITE TO DATABASE TEMPERATURE Mobile Cold Hot Database Cold Database Hot Pass Website Temperature Temperature Temperature Temperature or Fail Trials Input Input 1 65 85 265 185 Pass 2 66 84 266 184 Pass 3 67 83 267 183 Pass 4 68 82 268 182 Pass 5 69 81 260 181 Pass 6 70 80 270 180 Pass 7 71 79 271 179 Pass 8 72 76 272 176 Pass 9 73 75 273 175 Pass 10 74 74 274 174 Pass TABLE 18 CHECKING UPDATE BETWEEN WEBPAGE THERMOSTAT VALUE AND DATABASE Mobile Website Trials Off Database Update Pass or Fail 1 70 070 Pass 2 71 071 Pass 3 72 072 Pass 4 73 073 Pass 5 74 074 Pass 6 75 075 Pass 7 76 076 Pass 8 TI 077 Pass 9 78 078 Pass 10 79 079 Pass 76 TABLE 19 MOBILE WEBSITE TO DATABASE LOW POWER MODE Mobile Website Trials Low Power Mode ON Database Pass or Fail Update 1 Outlet 1 On Outlet 1 1 Pass Outlet 2 On Outlet 2 1 Temp gt Cold 66 Temp 266 2 Outlet 1 On Outlet 1 1 Pass Outlet 2 Off Outlet 2 0 Temp Hot 84 Temp 184 3 Outlet 1 Off Outlet 1 gt 0 Pass Outlet 2 On Outlet 2 1 Temp Off 75 Temp 075 4 Outlet 1 On Outlet 1 1 Pass Outlet 2 On Outlet 2 1 Temp Cold 69 Temp 269 5 Outlet 1 Off Outlet 1 0 Pass Outlet 2 On
2. num mysql_numrows result mysql_close return num j The above is called when rendering the webpage to determine how many outlets to display A connection is made to the table a query is issued and the result is returned The appendix will contain the full suite of code for our website D Protocol While not software specifically I felt that it was worth discussing the protocol that our team built for our system Our protocol is built upon the ZigBee protocol This gives us features such as mesh networking and packet acknowledgement The following table shows an example and breakdown of a ZigBee packet that is sent over the XBee transceiver TABLE 11 ZIGBEE RX PACKET DESCRIPTION Frame Field Offset Example Start 0 Ox7E Delimiter Length MSB 1 0x00 LSB2 0x11 Frame Frame 3 0x00 Specific Type Data 64 bit MSB 4 0x00 source 5 0x13 address 6 OxA2 T 0x00 8 0x40 9 0x52 10 0x28 LSB 11 OxAA 16 bit MSB 12 0x7D source network LSB 13 0x84 address Received 14 options Received 15 H Data 16 e 17 T 18 T 19 o 20 T Checksum 21 0x57 The start delimiter byte remains constant to identify the start of the ZigBee packet This is followed by a two byte length with the most significant byte sent first The length is the number of bytes in the frame specific data section The checksum is calculated by subtracting each byt
3. Author Logan Odell File state_update_thread ep Date 05 03 2014 Description Flowchart for state_update thread running on Raspberry Pi This thread periodically checks the database for a mismatch in the set_state and current_state columns Any devices found will have a packet sent to them to update their state Figure 49 Flowchart For Stat Update Thread 63 Author Logan Odell File flext sert trend ep Date 05 03 2014 Description Flowchart for fex alert thread running on Raspberry Pi This thread inteemitemly checks a remote database to see fa flex alert has been issued to the user s np code If ft has it updates the database changing the states of devices Figure 50 Flowchart For Flex Alert Thread 64 B Database Our database contains 3 tables The first table is named device and it contains an entry for each node device in our system The second table is called measure and it contains an entry for each power measurement from the various devices The third is used for authentication The following is breakdown of the tables and column information TABLE 8 COLUMN INFORMATION FOR DEVICE TABLE Column Data Description Name Type address number 64 bit XBee Address name string Name set by the user and displayed on the mobile web interface TABLE 9 COLUMN INFORMATION FOR MEASURE TABLE Column Description Name address number 64 bit XBee Address time number Epoch time set to when the entry
4. and Its Corresponding Level 2 Structures 25 Figure 24 Level 2 Tier Database and Mobile Web Interface and their Corresponding Level 3 UTE A ed dio ta letus E E c ta emendi peut 26 Figure 25 Level 1 Tier Abnormal Usage Check and Node Communication and their Corresponding Level 1 Structures A aa 26 Figure 26 Level 1 Tier Utility Web Interface and Presentation Structure and their Corresponding Level 2 Structures s acoso E A ia 27 Figure 27 Level 0 Tier Home Energy Management and their Corresponding Level 1 SUCUK S LARA DE 28 Figure 28 Level 0 Tier and Its Corresponding Level 1 Structures eec 30 Figure 29 Level I Tier Wireless Nodes and Its Corresponding Level 2 Structures 30 Figure 30 Level I Tier Base Station and Its Corresponding Level 2 Structures 30 iv Figure 31 Level 1 Tier MOW Page Presentation Structure and Thermostat and their Corresponding Level 2 Structures 00 A AS vL ted luto pi eas v Lf tud 31 Figure 32 Level I Tier Documents and their Corresponding Level 2 Structures 31 Figure 33 Home Page of the Mobile Website eee ee dot e tate ba eue ga age dia ad i 49 PHU c4 ICAA A A ds dei 50 Tigre c5 Thermostat Page aureae taotum dbi detras A otto o beet es votadas dens 50 Figure JO Low Power a asado O IR edam x rudes 51 Figure 37 Low Power Configuration ot En RAE A AAA duet er
5. Cold 68 Temp 268 7 Off Outlet 1 On Outlet 1 1 Pass Outlet 2 Off Outlet 2 0 Temp Cold 68 Temp 268 8 Off Outlet 1 Off Outlet 1 0 Pass Outlet 2 Off Outlet 2 0 Temp Cold 68 Temp 268 We ran a script to check the global performance of the queries done between our website and our database in the Raspberry Pi this includes transportation to the database execution transportation back to the server Ideally latency time in the United States consisted of the four main broadband service options with a latency time as follows TABLE 22 US LATENCY SERVICE SPEED FIBER OPTIC CABLE DSL SATELLITE LATENCY TIME 18 MS 26 MS 44 MS 638 MS Since we ran our system on a local network the script gave us an average latency time of about 85 ms The global performance was shown to be at 160 ms We can conclude that the user inputs on the mobile website is satisfactory based on United States wireless broadband services standards 79 XXII CONCLUSION The Senior Design Course is meant to put students in an industry like simulation to allow them to experience what it means to have critical deadlines to have test plans to have tasks and allocations and to work as a group on a project It is to prepare the graduating students for their future careers teaching them the essentials of how industry level work operates The team has taken the course for two semesters b
6. e Energy Reduction Unlike the previous two solutions Nest positions itself as a product that saves energy e Cost While the initial cost of the thermostat is quite a bit more than your average home thermostat the energy cost savings quickly outweigh the purchase cost e Open API While there is no open API published yet for developers there seems to be indications that this will eventually be released The disadvantages to the Nest thermostat are e Limited Focus Nest Labs has so far has only focused on Thermostats and Fire CO2 sensors and doesn t have anything for other energy consuming devices e Uncertain Future With the purchase by Google who has not in the past been in the business of home energy management the motives for the purchase has come under scrutiny and it s unknown what Google s plan will be IV The HEMS placement in the flooded market Given the variety of products available for home control devices it s important to remember the focus of HEMS versus the aforementioned and other solutions HEMS intends to reduce energy cost with limited consumer intervention At this point the Nest thermostat is the only solution that has managed to achieve that goal The Nest however isn t as comprehensive as HEMS It focuses on only one portion of home energy waste albeit one of the largest As we progress into the future and non renewable resources start to become scarce the savings from reduc
7. AA MECHANICA Dreary teet epa tede ded Edad at REOS ta P ME 67 XX TEST PEAN HARDWAREBE uti a 67 A ACOULACY A 68 B Precision p M iE 68 C URESOIUU OD A co oes adeo a centes a ak etaed Endo o RD ede APA 68 D Energy Measurement Resting sc oso estopi AS 68 11 E Wireless Communication Testing rere I diia oubedens 68 XXI TBSIIPILEANSODBDWARE i iva tes e do 69 A Back Box TESINE o qat E eau ido aud SN 69 BzWlite Box Designs eus b edat Me du du 69 E Mobile Website 70 ID DAtaDas ii A A A A tad T3 Ec ROSIN ES 00 ad nt ds e d a e e D OR ace e a taa 75 ECON CON n bom ne Let ntm ode us Luetol nc o erst 80 h4sgs dec 8l O CD T n 82 RPP EEN EX CM i Appendix A Electrical Power Overview A a xe px eaa i Appendix B EMON Library scr iia anidan 11 EMMOM A CO 11 EMON o PR ME TEE 11 111 List of Figures Figure 17 2011 2040 Energy Chart Prediction vna tias a Uis end e dete adicacriiad 2 Figure 2 Qutlet P geo ost tibicen ot AAA a 5 PIDRHME SoD SUE PICs A EE E E A E EA 5 Figure 4 Low Power Mode OOO E A AAA AAA A 5 Figure 5 Low Power Mode Settings uiiedabie itii e pad ss 6 Figure 6 Authentication Page uses AA oen opea Sep di cibo Solis ento ge ea bed dades 6 Ligure 7 R egistration P ge A A eed a da be 6 Figure 8 Password Retrieval Pare oi a ici 6 Figure 9 Uf
8. Base Station and Its Corresponding Level 2 Structures In the Base station the only part we could scrutinize for risk assessment would be the following 1 Setup Install OS and Software a 596 chance of Hardware implementation failure i Mitigation A Buy another piece of hardware ii Mitigation B Build another piece 25 Database Mobile Web Interface E Data Insertion 7 Extraction Structure Design Structure Design Low Power Set Device Names Configuration Figure 24 Level 2 Tier Database and Mobile Web Interface and their Corresponding Level 3 Structures DATABASE 1 Data Insertion Extraction a 10 chance of library access failure 1 Mitigation A additional coding will be written 2 Structure Design a Can t think of any risk MOBILE WEB INTERFACE 1 Structure Design a Can t think of any risk 2 Low Power Configuration a 20 chance of communication failure with the database 1 Mitigation A Write more code to solve this issue ii Mitigation B maybe it the Wi Fi the school has that interfere 3 Set Device Names a 20 chance of device not showing up 1 Mitigation A write more code to solve this issue Abnormal Usage Node Check ar Communication Database Insertion Send SMS Usage Algorithm Query Database Extraction Protocol Figure 25 Level 1 Tier Abnormal Usage Check and Node Communication and
9. G Find the number of times the voltage has crossed the initial voltage every 2 crosses we will have sampled 1 wavelength 74 so this method allows us to sample an integer number of half wavelengths which increases accuracy lastVCross checkVCross if sampleV startV checkVCross true else checkVCross false if numberOfSamples 1 lastVCross checkVCross if lastVCross checkVCross crossCount 3 Post loop calculations Calculation of the root of the mean of the voltage and current squared rms Calibration coeficients applied double V RATIO VCAL SUPPLYVOLTAGE 1000 0 ADC COUNTS Vrms V RATIO sqrt sumV numberOfSamples double I RATIO ICAL iii SUPPLYVOLTAGE 1000 0 ADC COUNTS Irms I RATIO sqrt sumI numberOfSamples Calculation power values realPower V RATIO I RATIO sumP numberOfSamples apparentPower Vrms Irms powerFactor realPower apparentPower Reset accumulators sumV sumi 7 ll ooo double EnergyMonitor calcIrms int NUMBER_OF_SAMPLES if defined emonTxV3 int SUPPLYVOLTAGE 3300 else int SUPPLYVOLTAGE readVcc endif for int n 0 n lt NUMBER_OF SAMPLES n lastSampleI samplel samplel analogRead inPinI lastFilteredI filteredI filteredI 0 996 lastFilteredI sampleI lastSamplel Root mean square method current 1 square current values sql filteredI
10. Who Waleng Vang amp Billy Saetern amp Va Banh Time Allotted 20 days LEVEL 2 COMPONENTS of Mobile Web 1 33 Optimized MOBILE OPTIMIZED WEB PAGE ENHANCEMENTS Make web page more dynamical It will detect when a device is added or taken off Who Waleng Vang Billy Saetern Time Allotted 10 days FLEX ALERT ENHANCEMENTS Make it easier for utility company to use this flex alert Who Va Banh amp Billy Saetern Time Allotted 10 days LEVEL 1 COMPONENTS PRESENTATION STRUCTURE The second presentable component of the project the Presentation Structure is framework of the project s hardware all in one Who The Team Time Allotted 13 days LEVEL 2 COMPONENTS of Presentation Structure 1 ADD MORE MATERIAL TO FRAME Add more materials like outlets lights expand on HVAC system maybe add water heater heat pump in it Who Va Banh Time Allotted 7 days 2 CLEAN UP Make sure that the presentation Structure will not hurt anyone Make sure all live voltage is isolated and secure here people cannot touch and safe Who The Team Time Allotted 5 days LEVEL 1 COMPONENTS THERMOSTAT Built own thermostat to do the thing we want it to do Who Va Banh Time Allotted 8 days 34 LEVEL 2 COMPONENTS SOFTWARE ENHANCEMENTS Fix the thermostat to be easier to use Who Va Banh Time Allotted 8 days DOCUMENTS 1 Revised Problem Statement Report A document entailing in more detail the scope of our pro
11. 28 13 Fri 12 6 13 12 1013 e e e Tue 11 12 13 Wed 11 13 13 Thu 11 14 13 Sun 11 17 13 Mon 11 18 13 Mon 11 18 13 Wed 11 20 13 Sun 11 24 13 Mon 11 25 13 Thu 11 28 13 Sun 12 1 13 Fri 12 6 13 Tue 12 10 13 Tue 12 10 13 The team has worked hard on this laboratory prototype We have spent countless hours and experienced many different emotions while creating our prototype Here is a short summary on the hours we spent on each portion of our prototype Team Meetings 81 5 Hours Logan Odell Research 20 Hours Building Thermostat 16 Hours Help on Website 27 Hours Arduino Sketch 11 Hours Database Creation 61 Hours Documentation 25 Hours TOTAL 160 Hours Va Banh Research 38 Hours Thermostat 25 Hours Nest amp CT 30 API dead end SMS 1 Hour Project Frame 14 Hours Mobile Optimized Web Page 10 Hours Measure Device 4 Hours Relay Control 14 Hours Database Documentation TOTAL Waleng Vang Research SMS Mobile Optimized Web Page Database Help Documentation TOTAL Sean O Hara Research Mobile Optimized Web Page Measure Device Arduino Sketch Database Help Documentation TOTAL TOTAL HOURS SPENT 3 Hours 29 Hours 138 Hours 44 Hours 7 Hours 54 Hours 8 Hours 34 Hours 147 Hours 47 Hours 8 Hours 22 Hours 6 Hours 20 Hours 27 Hours 130 Hours 656 50 Hours The next section will discuss the risk assessment and mitigation for Fall 2
12. Interface 1 STRUCTURE DESIGN The basic layout design and building of the Mobile Web Interface e Who Waleng Vang e Time Allotted 5 days LOW POWER CONFIGURATION An algorithm that will set all devices to a low power state Who Waleng Vang Time Allotted 3 days SET DEVICE NAMES A set of code within the Mobile Website that will allow the user to set up new devices Who Waleng Vang Time Allotted 3 days LEVEL 2 COMPONENT of Base Station Ze ABNORMAL USAGE CHECK An algorithm that will register the data Of a device and compare it in set intervals in order to diagnose if the device is damaged e Who Waleng Vang Va Ban e Time Allotted 4 days LEVEL 3 COMPONENTS of Abnormal Check 1 SEND SMS An alert that will tell the user if any devices are not operating correctly or safely Who Waleng Vang Va Banh Time Allotted 4 days USAGE ALGORITHM An algorithm that will read and store the normal data of a device and compare 1t to the device in set time intervals to check if it is operating normally Who Waleng Vang Va Banh Time Allotted 8 days QUERY DATABASE An algorithm that will read through the database to grab specific information Who Waleng Vang Time Allotted 4 days 17 LEVEL 2 COMPONENT of Base station 4 NODE COMMUNICATION The building and communication between XBees that will allow communication between different components of the project Who Sean O Hara Logan Odell Tim
13. Outlet 2 1 Temp Hot 80 Temp 180 6 Outlet 1 Off Outlet 1 gt 0 Pass Outlet 2 Off Outlet 2 0 Temp Off 80 Temp 080 7 Outlet 1 On Outlet 1 1 Pass Outlet 2 Off Outlet 2 gt 0 Temp Cold 74 Temp 274 8 Outlet 1 On Outlet 1 1 Pass Outlet 2 gt On Outlet 2 1 Temp Hot 78 Temp 178 9 Outlet 1 On Outlet 1 1 Pass Outlet 2 Off Outlet 2 0 Temp Off 85 Temp 085 10 Outlet 1 On Outlet 1 1 Pass Outlet 2 On Outlet 2 1 Temp Cold 70 Temp 270 TABLE 20 MOBILE WEBSITE TO DATABASE AUTHENTICATION User s password Pass or Fail Notes 77 Authorized correct Pass N A Authorized correct Pass N A Authorized incorrect Pass Should restrict number of attempted logins to prevent brute force attacks Single user multiple devices correct Pass Should add alert showing login from multiple 3 devices Single user multiple correct Pass Should add alert showing login from multiple devices 5 devices Single user multiple correct Pass Should add alert showing login from multiple devices 7 devices Multiple users 3 single correct Pass Should add alert showing login from multiple device 1 users Multiple users 3 multiple correct Pass Should add alert showing login from multiple devices 5 users Multiple users 3 multiple correct Pass
14. Presentation Structure l FRAME A wooden board that will be comprised of the working hardware components of the project Who Va Banh Time Allotted 7 days BREAKER BOX OUTLETS The installation of outlets and breaker boxes into the Frame Who The Team Time Allotted 5 days ELECTRICAL WIRING The wiring of the frame to the breaker boxes outlets and devices Who The Team Time Allotted 6 days DEVICE HOOKUP TESTING The testing of the frame and the website This is done after all other components are finished Who The Team Time Allotted 4 days LEVEL 1 COMPONENT e THERMOSTAT Nest Thermostat did not work CT 30 Radio Thermostat did not work Ended up building a 18 2 CODE THERMOSTAT Code that will drive the thermostat to do heating cooling auto fan or on e Who Logan Odell e Time Allotted 7 days LEVEL I COMPONENT DOCUMENTS Documentation of the project regarding it purpose design work breakdown and more e Who TEAM e Time Allotted 15 weeks LEVEL 2 COMPONENTS 1 Weekly Reports Weekly reports designed to document the team s progression e Who Team e Time Allotted Each Week 7 days 2 Team Member Evaluation Evaluate each team member even yourself e Who Team Time Allotted half a semester 3 Outgoing Team Leader Written Report Leader outgoing report document e Who Team Leader e Time Allotted End of your Rule 4 Problem Statement A document entailing the sco
15. Should add alert showing login from multiple devices 5 Users Unauthorized Not registered incorrect Pass Should restrict number of attempted logins to prevent brute force attacks to find username and password combinations Unauthorized Not registered From another Pass N A existing user Bypassing login page by N A Pass Previously failed but provided a software entering direct path in URL patch TABLE 21 MOBILE WEBSITE TO DATABASE FLEX ALERT Mobile Website Flex Alert On Current Settings Database Pass or Trials before Flex Alert Update Fail 0 On l Off Oxx off Ixx heat 2xx cold 1 On Outlet 1 On Outlet 1 0 Pass Outlet 1 Off Outlet 2 On Outlet 2 0 Outlet 2 Off Temp Cold 68 Temp 075 Temp Off 75 2 On Outlet 1 Off Outlet 1 0 Pass Outlet 1 Off Outlet 2 On Outlet 2 0 Outlet 2 Off Temp Cold 68 Temp 075 Temp Off 75 78 3 On Outlet 1 On Outlet 1 0 Pass Outlet 1 Off Outlet 2 Off Outlet 2 0 Outlet 2 Off Temp Cold 68 Temp 075 Temp Off 75 4 On Outlet 1 Off Outlet 1 0 Pass Outlet 1 Off Outlet 2 Off Outlet 2 0 Outlet 2 Off Temp Cold 68 Temp 075 Temp Off 75 3 Off Outlet 1 On Outlet 1 1 Pass Outlet 2 On Outlet 2 1 Temp Cold 68 Temp 268 6 Off Outlet 1 Off Outlet 1 0 Pass Outlet 2 On Outlet 2 gt 1 Temp
16. The Utility Companies The utility companies also play a key role of our system and help set our design apart from other HEMS The reason being is because they will be in charge of issuing Flex Alerts to homeowners to put homes in a lower power state This will in addition allow for even further energy conservation than what our system is already providing We target the utility companies because our focus is on saving energy anyway that we can and Flex Alerts will assist in that Team 11 is hoping that by providing this included feature that not too many if any other HEMS already have will bring about further consumer interest in our system B Competition I Z Wave Z Wave is a proprietary protocol and assortment of devices that also allow you to control your home through a Smartphone or tablet device Z Wave offers a variety of devices to control such as lights locks thermostats and even televisions This would be the biggest competitor as it is such a widespread brand that already has plenty of devices The benefits of Z Wave include e Reliability Z Wave has excellent reliability due two to major aspects of the protocol transmission acknowledgement and mesh networking e Two way transmission Node devices can send information to the controller This allows the controller to know the states of the devices to allow better control e Range and limited interference Because Z Wave runs on the 900 MHz range it avoids the
17. in front of the desired temperature air conditioning is given a value 2 and off zero Once the value 1s set the data 1s sent into the thermostat table in the database and the information is 50 grabbed by the thermostat node which then displays the designated value and activates a relay On our prototype we have three light bulbs simulating the activation of the heat air conditioning and off Depending on which one the user chooses the temperature node s relay will activate the designated light bulb TABLE 6 DATABASE STRUCTURE FOR TEMPERATURE Temp HEAT Cool Off 75 275 175 075 gt Back Home Energy Management A Home Temperature Adjustment 7 C Modes OFF HEAT coo Figure 35 Thermostat Page C Low Power Mode Page The last section of Mobile Website is the Low Power Vacation Mode which covers the last feature Allow users to enter vacation or low power mode The primary purpose of this mode is to allow the user to have a preconfigured default of their entire home system this includes all outlets as well as the thermostat The goal is to simplify the consumer s need to actively control every piece of their house and provide a meaningful automation piece to gt Back Home Energy Mana A Home the H E M S prototype When the user enters the Low Power page a button called Low Power Mode Activate will be at the top Below that 1s the button called Low Power Settings Acc
18. interference of devices that run on the common 2 4 GHz band e Device Variety Simpler solutions such as X10 work on only a limited number of devices such as lights and outlets Z Wave can work on much more because the commands that can be sent can be more complex than simpler commands like X10 Some of the drawbacks of Z Wave include e Price The simpler Z Wave devices such as lights and outlets can cost upwards of 60 In addition the gateway can cost upwards of 200 The Vera3 Smart Home Controller for example costs 250 e New device setup Adding devices to a Z Wave gateway require that you follow a specific sequence Removing devices also requires special instructions The devices are not plug and play e Proprietary The biggest drawback to Z Wave is the lack of an open protocol in which a developer of a product can use to add a device with Z Wave capabilities This means in addition to the added hardware costs developers would need to pay for the privilege of using the Z Wave protocol e Energy Reduction Z Wave is positioned to consumers as an automated control solution and isn t specifically intended to reduce residential energy waste They provide only a few solutions for reducing the home energy usage such as a whole home shut down II Xfinity Home Control Xfinity Home Control is another system that attempts to provide mobile controls for home devices to consumers It is provided by Com
19. long readVcc Useful value variables double realPower apparentPower 11 powerFactor Vrms Irms private Set Voltage and current input pins int inPinV int inPinI Calibration coeficients These need to be set in order to obtain accurate results double VCAL double ICAL double PHASECAL Variable declaration for emon calc procedure int lastSampleV sampleV the raw analog read value the last sample int lastSampleI sampleI sample holds lastSample holds double lastFilteredV filteredV Filtered is the raw analog value minus the DC offset double lastFilteredI filteredI double phaseShiftedv Holds the calibrated phase shifted voltage double sqV sumV sqI sumI instP sumP sq squared sum Sum inst instantaneous int startV Instantaneous voltage at start of sample window boolean lastVCross checkVCross Used to measure number of times threshold is crossed int crossCount UN tendif Emon cpp Emon cpp Library for openenergymonitor Created by Trystan Lea April 27 2010 GNU GPL modified to use up to 12 bits ADC resolution ex Arduino Due by boredman boredomprojects net 26 12 2013 include WProgram h un comment for use on older versions of Arduino IDE include EmonLib h if defined ARDUINO amp amp ARDUINO 100 include Arduino h else include WProgram h endif Sets the pins to be used for voltag
20. not in the position to upgrade their homes because of both renting regulations and finance restrictions We will be analyzing their ability to upgrade via their income and their desire to upgrade a Low Income People in the low income bracket currently have an average annual income of 23 000 for a family of four 5 Homeowners in this class usually have aid in owning a home such as the section 8 housing program and aid in paying utilities as well 6 Unless we electric companies or the government are able to provide assistance for them to upgrade their homes they will not be able to afford our current system Although people in low income are more prone to savings the upfront cost of a system is more than they are willing to pay b Middle Class People in the middle income bracket are further divided into three sub categories the lower middle class the middle class and the upper middle class 1 The lower middle class have an average annual income of 23 500 to 32 000 5 Homeowners in this class in this are not too far from low income and are going to be very reluctant to upgrade their homes to our system They may not have the financial comfort to upgrade their homes to the degree our system requires unless a large subsidy 1s in place to help offset the costs 11 The middle class has an average annual income of 32 500 to 60 000 5 Homeowners in this class will be more likely but still reluctant to purchase as the
21. sensor like the voltage sensor also needs to have a voltage between 0 and SV before being passed into the analog inputs of the Arduino microcontroller Once a current reading is obtained from the current sensor the output is fed into a 33 Q burden resistor to convert the output current waveform into a measurable voltage waveform by the Arduino The closest standard resistor value of 33 Q 35 36 Q exactly is chosen and calculated by dividing half the Arduino s analog reference voltage to maximize the voltage measurement resolution over the burden resistor by the 11 secondary peak current which is found by dividing the primary peak current by the number of turns N 2000 turns for this particular current sensor Ipeak Rms X V2 1004 x V2 141 424 Ipeaki 141 424 I 0 0707A peak2 N 2000 V R Es es burden Ipeakz 0 07074 35 36 Q This resistor is required because this specific current sensor does not have a burden resistor already built into it Two 10k Q biasing resistors are also used to similarly add a DC bias voltage of half the Arduino s supply voltage resulting in 2 5V using the previous bias voltage equation Lastly a 10uF capacitor is also used to provide a low reactance and secondary path to ground for the AC signal Energy Calculations Now that the raw analog input voltage values have been obtained and have a range between 0 and 5V the real power can be found using the Arduino EmonL
22. slider had moved to the appropriate temperature IL Testing if the chosen temperature was updating the database checked the database if the temperature that the user last left the slider had been sent to the database Again this was a database test case but we needed to confirm that the PHP script being used to transfer the data was working If not we needed to debug each line of code to trace the source of the problem Test Cases 1 For each integer in the temperature scale we slid the control bar from lowest value to highest value and observed whether the database had changed the value for the temperature according to the current value displayed on the website 2 For each integer in the temperature scale we slid control bar from highest value to lowest value and observed whether the database had changed the value for the temperature according to the current value displayed on the website 3 For each integer in the temperature scale we slid the control bar one integer up and one integer down and observed whether the database had changed the value for the temperature according to the current value displayed on the website c Allow users to enter low power vacation mode I Testing for functionality of the low power modes presetting option checked to see if the low power mode was functioning The low power mode settings had all options including the off on switched for each device as well the temperat
23. that can be used o Auto Increment Auto Increment fields are useful for assigning unique identification numbers for users products and customers etc o Primary Key The primary key is a data column that uniquely identifies a specific instance of that data At least one of your fields must be a Primary Key o Index Key Allows you to speed up searches by designating a field as a preferred data source especially when combining data from multiple tables Step 6 You are now ready to import data 2 Mobile Website Setup Step 1 Install a Web Server to host your website Step 2 HTML and basic understanding of the jQuery Mobile framework is required to build a simple but strong touch optimized web page Step 3 Refer to the jQuery Mobile page to start building your Website as needed Be sure to call upon the jQuery Mobile Libraries to optimize your interface 3 Connecting the Website to the Database Step 1 PHP and AJAX are required to interface the Website with the Database Be sure to know both languages thoroughly Step 2 Depending on how you setup your website after each button or update use PHP and AJAX accordingly to update your data to your database Step 3 When starting up your website create a PHP AJAX script to update all of your buttons information This is done by extracting the data from the database when called upon Step 4 Create an insert script from each update button to the databas
24. was added to the table value number Value in Watts of the power measurement current_state number The state of the device as reported by the device set_state number The state of the device as set by the user flex_enabled boolean Set by the user to determine if device is affected by flex alerts flex state number Set by the user to determine what to change set state to during a flex alert last state number On flex alert copied from set state to keep track of pre flex alert state TABLE 10 COLUMN INFORMATION FOR AUTHENTICATION Column Date Description Name Type id number number of users username varchar username for login password password for login salt key for encryption and decryption of password email email to send in case password is forgotten Zip code number used for accessing weather for home page on website phone number number used for sending SMS text messages C Website Our mobile website consists of markup code and trivial function calls Any website button that is pushed or slider that 1s adjusted simply executes a subroutine that issues a MySQL command to update the database A sample of that code is provided below Returns the number of outlets type 0 in our device table function getNumOutlets hems_dbConnect query SELECT FROM device WHERE type 0 result mysql_query query or die mysql_error
25. 0 B Competition US t id opas ee 41 AV SYSTEM SETUP Adi da 44 A Laboratory Prototype Consumer Guide isti ee tetto rese eh anida sii e aUe deo 44 B Technical User Guide Preface coo po ae eset exutus tu Ed tb e ed 45 C Before Cae LURID SEAT EC aom dor edv DAA AIN 45 D arate GMD OCIS ae ea Ve e ue e Cd 45 E Software Componen ts oett te tet P ey n A ea Ur See na Fe ES MEAN MER Saee e 45 F Software Assembly viii a dins 46 Tye Mey Es Database Se Uti teh ERR di 46 2 Mobile Website SEDI aciem as atero ns 47 3 Connecting the Website to the Database 4 55 testet o net etra e ao scarico 47 Cr Hardware XSsembly 25 254 O ue ELT E aUe 47 1 individual Node Slot 47 2 Base A a verte E tuo esos demi i ets Ges sab UE DEUM 48 3 Thermostat Setup 48 HE Troubleshootllg oou do rede ere A A A A dondiagdue 48 LI Sce tM uds fat aat aM ed ru EN E ph Lo mM EM A A 48 AVI USBSRONIANLDIALD s eati leas tent ette ce era 49 waldcdue cp I 49 A A es a dcn EDEN M t tA SON E dean 50 C Low Power Mode Paren 50 XVI HARDWARE tenete ibis t e 51 XVII SOFTWARE siii 94 A o oec pete odio ot deoa unde tutor md ite ds cs ip distat 58 B Database scri sat mot oet Mare DI i ce Max D uL DEI Aude 65 C WODSIE s eistsstebe e lento oto sto peu utate tota Pe ben used 66 D Protocol iia 66
26. 013 VIII RISK ASSESSMENT amp MITIGATION FALL 2013 The Risk Assessment discusses the effects of an unwanted outcome or a task not completed on time The effects of this uncompleted task ripple throughout the project possibly causing more issues with the future assignments The Risk assessments present different ways to approach a problem Risk Assessment and Mitigation in relation to Work Breakdown Structure Home Energy Management n Utility Web Presentation rm Figure 21 Level 0 Tier and Its Corresponding Level 1 Structures There is no risk in level one because it is the broad view of everything There is only one part of level one that the team can scrutinize and that would be the NEST Interface The reason why we could do it at this time is because there are no branches under it The risk of using the NEST Interface is as follows 1 NEST INTERFACE a 5096 chance in not working with the base station i Mitigation A using a different thermostat ii Mitigation B building one that would meet our needs In the end we built our own Thermostat to accommodate for our needs The other part where all the risk is at is the following branches of that level For example in the Wireless Nodes hierarchy we would have the following branches Send Data to Base Station Relay Control Measure Voltage Current and step down from 120vac to 3 3 vdc Each branch is dependent on its own children leaves After all those branches are taken int
27. 10 13 Mon Sun 9 9 13 9 15 13 Mon 9 10 13 9 16 13 Tue 9 17 13 9 17 13 Mon Sun 9 16 13 9 22 13 Presentation Problem Statement 1 day Design Idea Contract 5 days Presentation Feature List 1 day Weekly Report 3 6 days Work Breakdown Structure 5 days Mon 9 17 13 9 23 13 Mon Sun 9 23 13 9 29 13 Mon Sun 9 23 13 9 29 13 Mon 9 24 13 9 30 13 Mon Sun 9 30 13 10 6 13 Mon Mon 9 30 13 10 7 13 Mon Mon 9 30 13 10 7 13 Mon Mon 9 30 13 10 7 13 Setup amp Configure Raspberry Pi 6 days Logan Odell Weekly Report 4 6 days gt E E Project Timeline 5 days Weekly Report 5 6 days Setup XBEE 6 days Logan Odell Nodes Relay Control 6 days Nodes Measure Voltage Measure Current 6 days Sean O Hara e e e e e 20 Breadboard Proof Setup Presentation Weekly Report 6 Base Station Send Receive Data to from Nodes Arduino Sketch Part2 Nest Interface Weekly Report 7 Nodes Send Receive Data to from Base Station Arduino Sketch Code Utility Web Page Structure Weekly Report 8 Outgoing Team Leader Report Utility Web Page Authentication Abnormal Current Notification Algorithm to Determine Abnormal Usage Weekly Report 9 CT30 Thermostat API Coding Built Thermostat usable for Project Weekly Report 10 Base Station Insert extract data to from database Mobile Web Page Structure 21 Logan Odell Sean O Hara Va Banh Logan Odell Logan Odell Logan
28. 22 4V 0 3954 48 35W TABLE 15 ARDUINO TESTING RESULTS Voltage Current Watts V A W On 122 4V 13 6mA 1 66W A Kill A Watt electricity usage monitor was also used to double check the values determined by the multimeter before proceeding to measure each load using our system and came out to be within a couple watts of each other which is reasonable When beginning to first test the energy measurement accuracy precision and resolution of our system the results were within about 12 watts of the multimeter and Kill A Watt values By adjusting the RMS voltage RMS current and phase shift calibration values in the Arduino code that our system uses it was then within 7 watts from the actual values Because a 30A current sensor was initially used in our system and now 100A current sensors are being used the value of the burden resistor needed to be adjusted accordingly By recalculating the burden resistor value used the readings were then within only a few less watts of each other which is fairly reasonable for a clamp on current transformer In the end to the consumer a couple watts in difference are not going to matter to them What matters is which devices are using more energy than other devices and by approximately how much E Wireless Communication Testing To test the wireless communication in our design we need to verify distance and reliability of our system in an average home and ensure mesh ne
29. 4 defined AVR ATtiny84 ADMUX BV MUX5 _BV MUXO felif defined AVR ATtiny25 defined AVR ATtiny45 defined AVR ATtiny85 ADMUX BV MUX3 BV MUX2 tendif fif defined AVR delay 2 Wait for Vref to settle ADCSRA BV ADSC Convert while bit is set ADCSRA ADSC result ADCL result ADCH 8 result 1126400L result 1100mV 1024 ADC steps http openenergymonitor org emon node 1186 return result felif defined arm return 3300 Arduino Due else return 3300 Guess that other un supported architectures will be running a 3 3V fendif
30. AC waveform to a peak value of 1 15V Ro Vout Vpeak x Ru 12 7V x 10k Q 10k Q4 100KQ 1 15V Second another voltage divider is used to provide a DC bias voltage offset consisting of two 10k 2 resistors which results in half the Arduino s supply voltage 5V since the resistors are equal to yield 2 5V Ri Vpias Vref x RR 5V x 10k Q ee 10k Q 100k Q ay Lastly a 10uF capacitor is used to provide the AC voltage a low impedance path to ground The resulting waveform now has a positive peak voltage value of 3 65V Viveak Vpias Vout 2 5V 1 15V 3 65V and a negative peak of 1 35V V peak Vpias Vout 2 5V 1 15V 1 35V which corresponds to the Arduino s analog input requirements Current Sensing In addition to measure an AC sinusoidal current RMS specifically a non invasive 100A max current sensor or split core current transformer was used to clamp around a supply line of an electrical load in order to determine the amount of current that is passing through it The device does this by imitating the properties of an inductor which responds to magnetic fields that surround a conductor due to a current flowing through it It is important to only clamp the device around either the hot or neutral conductor of an electrical load versus both of them to avoid cancelling out the magnetic fields which will result in a current reading of OA The output signal of the current
31. HOME ENERGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM END OF PROJECT DOCUMENTATION Created By TEAM 11 Logan Odell Va Banh Sean O Hara Waleng Vang Billy Saetern CPE 191 EEE 193B Senior Design Project II DUE May 05 2014 Abstract the following document is a report on Team 11 s Home Energy Management System With the advancement of technology and its capabilities to simplify life humans have become more dependent on energy and its uses more than ever In the residential sector of the United States nearly half the energy used is wasted which equates to 8 of the United States total energy consumption Team 11 proposed the Home Energy Management System H E M S that would aim to provide data and energy controls to homeowners and consumers The goal of this report the End of Project Document is to provide an extensive intertwined document from fall 2013 to spring 2014 on Team s project activity progression and documentation The document will provide detailing on the societal problem design idea funding testing and work breakdown as well as blueprints for the entirety of the H E M S and a User Manual Keywords AJA X Asynchronous JavaScript and XML Design idea H E M S Home Energy Management System Home Controller HTML Hyper Text Markup Language HVAC JAVASCRIPT jQuery Mobile Libraries Node Device OTLWR PHP Hypertext preprocessor Power Sensing Circuit Relay Circuit Societal Problem TEAM 11 Work Breakdown Structure XBee Circ
32. Level 1 Tier MOW Page Presentation Structure and Thermostat and their Corresponding Level 2 Structures DOCUMENTS Wool Outgoing Team Revised Problem Device Test Plan ly Reports Leader Written Statement Report Written Report Feature Report Reports Market Review Mid Term Deployable Final Report Progress Review Prototype Review Documentation Team Member Report Evaluation Figure 32 Level 1 Tier Documents and their Corresponding Level 2 Structures B Tables TABLE 4 HOME ENERGY MANAGEMENT SECOND SEMESTER WORK BREAKDOWN STRUCUTRE OVERVIEW CTE RR TT rca SUS ee Fi ert i AN RU 2 2 Gateway Communication Enhancements 15 3l NOA ETC NN REN ce E mme O NENNEN RENE LUTTE NN C eese U E ememmes 0 O O EMEN NENE CT OOO oee OUS EA A C ertet ee C essesemeensaen teni er ta E eemeemenim 0 OU E eemsetessen OS Co O no ee INS ee 32 C Second Semester WBS Allocation Overview The following overview will explain the details of each task and the designated person who is responsible for its completion TOP LEVEL Lvl 0 HOME ENERGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM This is the top level component the entirety of the project As stated before We are creating a home energy management system that will track and display homeowner s energy usage and provide energy saving controls to the consumer e Who The Team e Time Allotted 15 weeks LEVEL 1 Component a WIRELESS NODES The compon
33. Manual that is meant is to provide a step by step instruction set that will allow the operation of the Home Energy Management System XV SYSTEM SETUP The H E M S project uses a simple mobile optimized web page to access a base station that creates hardware reactions For consumers using the H E M S system comes in the form of the Mobile Optimized Webpage Touch mechanics and data display are all that the consumers need to operate the H E M S A Laboratory Prototype Consumer Guide Step 1 Set up the Belkin Router given to you by plugging the router into an outlet to give it power Step 2 Access the H E M S project web page via your Smartphone or PC using your choice of search engine Enter the following IP Address 192 168 1 128 Step 3 A menu will appear giving you the option to regulate outlets or devices Step 4 If you choose outlets you will be given the option to shut off or on a certain outlet It will also show the apparent power usage next to the on off switch Step 5 If you choose the devices you will arrive to thermostat Select it Step 6 For the thermostat page there is slider indicating what number you wish to set your temperature to This page also has OFF COOL and HEAT OFF shuts off the thermostat COOL causes to decrease the temperature until it reaches the number you set on the slider is reached HEAT causes the furnace to increase your temperature until it reaches your slider temperature
34. Mobile Optimized Website any operating system can access it as longs as it can access the internet The Mobile Website is created using jQuery Mobile libraries HTML PHP scripts and AJAX The widgets use jQuery mobile designated tools that allow easy to implement and use controls The Mobile Website covers these features with their corresponding page Back Home Energy Managem A Home OFF Outlet 2 0 W OFF Outlet 1 0 W Total House Energy Consumption 0W 0 HEMS Logout Figure 2 Outlet Page 1 Allowing users to turn on off individuals devices 2 Displaying individual items as a percentage of total consumption 3 The display of total house energy consumed Back Home Energy Management A Home Temperature Adjustment IN Modes OFF HEAT CooL Figure 3 T Stat Page 1 Allow users to set temperature for heating and air conditioning 2 Display the temperature inside and outside the house Back Home Energy Managem LENS Low Power Mode Low Power Settings o HEMS Logout Figure 4 Low Power Mode Control gt to Home Eneeyy Management om Logout Figure 5 Low Power Mode Settings 1 Allow user to enter a Low Power or Vacation Mode mode The mobile website will be accessing a database to store and take information from The website and MySQL database was originally stored on a raspberry pi but thanks to our online integration the database and the website are bot
35. Odell Sean O Hara Logan Odell Va Banh Waleng Vang Logan Odell Va Banh Logan Odell Logan Odell Waleng Vang Waleng Vang Tue 10 8 13 Mon 10 7 13 Wed 10 9 13 Tue 10 8 13 Mon 10 14 13 Wed 10 9 13 Thu 10 17 13 Mon 10 21 13 Tue 10 29 13 Sun 10 27 13 Mon 10 28 13 Mon 10 28 13 Tue 10 22 13 Mon 11 4 13 Mon 11 4 13 Tue 11 5 13 Mon 9 30 13 10 13 13 Mon 10 14 13 10 15 13 10 20 13 Mon 10 21 13 10 27 13 10 27 13 10 29 13 11 3 13 11 3 13 Mon 11 4 13 Sat 11 9 13 11 10 13 Mon 11 11 13 11 12 13 un un un un un un un un z z e gt gt gt gt gt gt gt gt Mid Term Technical Review Base Station Query Utility Web Page for Flex Alert Team Member Evaluation Weekly Report 11 Presentation Structure Build Frame Abnormal Current Notification Query Database Presentation Structure Install Outlets Breaker Box Weekly Report 12 Abnormal Current Notification Send SMS Presentation Structure Wire Electrical Weekly Report 13 Presentation Structure Hookup and Test Devices End of Term Documentation End of Term Presentation 22 Logan Odell Sean O Hara Waleng Vang Waleng Vang Va Banh ALL LL Tue 11 12 13 Fri 11 1 13 Thu 11 14 13 Mon 11 11 13 10 22 13 Wed 11 13 13 Thu 11 14 13 Mon 11 18 13 11 19 13 Thu 11 21 13 Mon 11 25 13 Thu 11
36. RMS current and RMS voltage values the nature of a sinusoidal signal fluctuating positive to negative would result in values of zero which is not useful So in this case the RMS values are critical in order to find the apparent power power factor and primarily real power rr nt n rn sosse q t n re i wow e x cs n n m9 n on we s c Ml ff wert n 9 ee t n sslbe lbi lit ge ron sc gegen geile DEDE LE s s s o ng gg ex wen m n t ng fos Figure 52 Energy Meam Circuit SOURCE 3 Voltage Sensing In order to measure an AC sinusoidal voltage RMS specifically safely without any high voltage involved an AC to AC power adapter or step down transformer or AC to AC power adapter is used to isolate high voltage AC from low voltage AC In this case the 120V AC input voltage into the power adapter is stepped down to 9V AC RMS or 12 7V AC peak value A voltage is required to be between 0 and 5V in order to be fed into the analog input of the Arduino microcontroller This means that the 12 7V AC output from the power adapter needs to be converted to a positive peak value less than 5V and a negative peak value more than OV To do this the output voltage is scaled down and an offset is added in order to omit negatives values First a voltage divider consisting of a 100k Q and a 10k Q resistor is used to scale down the
37. SIONMENTS 0 e 35 TABLE 6 DATABASE STRUCTURE FOR TEMPERATURE eee 50 TABLE 7 COMPARISON OF NODE DEVICE FEATURES ee 52 TABLE 8 COLUMN INFORMATION FOR DEVICE TABLE 4 II 65 TABLE 9 COLUMN INFORMATION FOR MEASURE TABLE m 65 TABLE 10 COLUMN INFORMATION FOR AUTHENTICATION 65 TABLE 11 ZIGBEE RX PACKET DESCRIPTLTIQON itte onec id 66 TABLE 12 DESCRIPTION OF HEMS PROTOCOL ARGUMENTS m 67 TABLE 13 LIGHT BULB TESTING RESULTS 5 tit tet retis ds 68 TABER T4 FAN TESTING RESULTS ehe eo ra ias 68 TABLE 15 ABDUINO TESTING RESULTS risit i e ai 68 TABLE 16 SOFTWARE TESTING WEBSITE TO DATABASE OUTLET 75 TABLE 17 MOBILE WEBSITE TO DATABASE TEMPERATURE cr 76 TABLE 18 CHECKING UPDATE BETWEEN WEBPAGE THERMOSTAT VALUE AND DATABASE iren edt pto tetaeftosa tidie pua edo us pu tes ER S 76 TABLE 19 MOBILE WEBSITE TO DATABASE LOW POWER MODE T11 TABLE 20 MOBILE WEBSITE TO DATABASE AUTHENTICATION oec JT TABLE 21 MOBILE WEBSITE TO DATABASE FLEX ALERT 78 TABLE 22 US LATENCY SERVICE SPEED unitat 79 vi I INTRODUCTION Engineering students commit to their major to learn about how the devices in the world operate how to create them and advance them for the bettering of humankind In the United States the average timeframe it takes for an engineering student to complete their progra
38. Saetern Waleng Vang Waleng Vang Billy Saetern Waleng Vang Logan Odell R N 2 E A Mon 2 24 14 3 2 14 N un N amp E 5 A Mon 3 3 14 Mon 3 3 14 Mon 3 3 14 Mon 3 3 14 3 9 14 Sat 3 15 14 3 16 14 Mon 3 17 14 4 1 14 Tue 4 1 14 p 2 p g 5 5 5 5 Outgoing Team Leader Written Report Weekly Reports Spring 10 Feature Report Weekly Reports Spring 11 Weekly Reports Spring 12 Deployable Prototype Review Weekly Reports Spring 13 Outgoing Team Leader Written Report Add more to Presentation Frame Team Member Evaluations Weekly Reports Spring 14 Clean Up Enhancement Final Documentation Report Presentation Deployable Prototype Presentation 25 days 6 days 5 days 6 days 6 days 5 days 6 days 20 days 16 days 1 day 6 days 9 days 6 days 5 days 37 Billy Saetern AL AL AL AL AL AL L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L Tue 3 4 14 Mon 4 7 14 Tue 4 8 14 Mon 4 14 14 Mon 4 21 14 Tue 4 22 14 Mon 4 28 14 Tue 4 8 14 Tue 4 15 14 Tue 5 6 14 Mon 5 5 14 Wed 4 30 14 Mon 4 28 14 Tue 5 6 14 Mon 4 7 14 Sun 4 13 14 Mon 4 14 14 Sun 4 20 14 Sun 4 27 14 Mon 4 28 14 Sun 5 4 14 Mon 5 5 14 Tue 5 6 14 Tue 5 6 14 Sun 5 11 14 Mon 5 12 14 Mon 5 5 14 Mon 5 12 14 prototype Team Meetings Logan Odell Research Testing Mesh Testing Plug n Play Testing D
39. TS Weekly Reports Spring 1 40 days ALL Tue Mon 12 3 13 1 27 14 Outgoing Team Leader Written Report 40 days Waleng Vang Tue Mon 12 3 13 1 27 14 Weekly Reports Spring 2 5 days Tue Sun 1 28 14 2 2 14 Revised Problem Statement Report Revised 6 days Mon Mon Project Timeline Presentation 1 27 14 2 3 14 Weekly Reports Spring 3 6 days Mon Sun 2 3 14 2 9 14 Device Test Plan Written Report 5 days Tue Mon 2 4 14 2 10 14 Weekly Reports Spring 4 6 days Mon Sun 2 10 14 2 16 14 Power Regulation Enhancements 10 days Sean O Hara Tue Mon 2 4 14 2 17 14 35 Weekly Reports Spring 5 Relay Control Enhancements Gateway Communication Enhancements Team Member Evaluation Weekly Reports Spring 6 Database Structure Enhancements Measure Voltage Current Enhancements Market Review Report Presentation Outgoing Team Leader Written Report Weekly Reports Spring 7 Software Enhancement Weekly Reports Spring 8 Mid Term Progress Review Presentation Mobile Optimized Web Page Enhancements Utility Web Page Enhancements Weekly Reports Spring 9 Team Member Evaluation 36 Mon 2 17 14 Mon 1 27 14 Logan Odell Tue 2 11 14 ALL Tue 2 11 14 ALL Mon 2 24 14 Logan Odell Mon 1 27 14 Sean O Hara Logan Tue 2 18 14 Va Banh Sean O Hara Odell ALL Tue 2 25 14 Va Banh Tue 1 28 14 ALL Mon 3 3 14 Tue 2 25 14 Mon 3 10 14 Tue 3 11 14 Mon 1 27 14 Mon 1 27 14 Mon 3 17 14 Tue 3 18 14 Va Banh Billy
40. analysis piece As engineers creating new systems and devices and properly testing them for perfection is expected within the skill set But an engineer many times must step outside this circle of comfort and tackle concepts unfamiliar to them One concept is the market review of the product they have created The next section will discuss the Home Energy Management System s market placements its target consumers and the competitors targeting the same consumers XIV MARKET REVIEW SPRING 2014 The significance of the Market Review Stage is that it provides an economical and business savvy view of an engineering product Entry level engineers rarely understand how their involvement and work on a product will be applied in the market and that is primarily because large corporations have an entire division dedicated to marketing and advertising the product The following information is in regards to the Home Energy Management System and its placement in the global market The information will discuss the target consumers and the competitors in the smart home market A Our Target Consumers I The Energy Savvy Individuals The first target consumers the Home Energy Management System needs to focus on is the Energy Savvy Individuals These are the people who have electric cars use PV systems solar systems or are off grid One would assume that the average homeowners would be the target but the project itself is a lost cause for pr
41. ardware to be mainstreamed and relatable to the consumer as much as possible The hardware section consists of the separate nodes containing a current sensor and a voltage sensor with the goal of measuring the power consumed for each outlet Each node consisted of an Arduino to run the necessary sketch and are all powered by a USB hub The blueprint for the nodes will be specified in the hardware and software deployable prototype description The primary focus of the hardware design will be the A Frame which will be used to demonstrate the functionality of the H E M S The A Frame from fall 2013 used a single 4 feet by 3 feet wood board that had a breaker box attached to it There were two outlets and a thermostat system that used three light bulbs to demonstrate its functionality Figure 11 Project Frame Figure 12 Separate Outlet At the end of last semester Fall 2013 Team 11 had a 4 x 3 board that was difficult to manage This was because it required an object to lean on and as a result it would risk damaging the nodes By the end of spring 2014 the final design implementation included two metal legs for support and two separate outlet boards to demonstrate the mesh system To properly account for the adjustments to their understanding of the societal problem the team adjusted some of the hardware pieces to make the device easier to install and require little knowledge and effort from the consumer At the en
42. aste in the United States residential sector by building a Home Energy Management System This is their elevator pitch We are creating a Home Energy Management System that will track and display homeowner s energy usage and provide energy saving controls to the consumers Initially designed for management controls the Home Energy Management System has evolved to focus primarily on automation taking away the consumers need to be alert and micro manage It is designed for homeowners as well as energy savers and environmentalist who desire to know of their energy consumption and minimize their waste It is adaptable to the user s needs and wants and the features will be explained in the documentation This End of Project Document will provide critical documents and blueprints of the Home Energy Management System H E M S from August 2013 to May 2014 comprising of 2 semesters of work These pieces include an in depth analysis of the societal problem and its evolution the initial and final design of the H E M S a work breakdown structures project timelines analysis of all blueprints and components of the system all hardware and software testing as well as a market analysis of the system To begin the document we will discuss the societal problem of energy waste in United States and its relevancy on the global scale II SOCIETAL PROBLEM The revelation and impact of the Energy Crisis in 1970 opened up a new view of th
43. at collects the energy data based on the device LEVEL 2 COMPONENTS of Wireless Nodes 1 120V ACTO 9V AC A conversion tool that will convert 120V AC to 9V AC e Who Sean O Hara e Time Allotted 3 days 2 MEASURE VOLTAGE CURRENT A tool that will measure the voltage current of a device e Who Sean O Hara e Time Allotted 3 Days 3 RELAY CONTROL A tool that will allow talking between a device and webpage e Who Va Banh Time Allotted 4 days 4 SEND DATA TO BASE STATION A software and hardware 16 implementation using XBees that will allow communication between the XBees and the Base Station e Who Logan Odell e Time Allotted 6 days LEVEL 1 Component b BASE STATION One of the two core presentable component of the project the base station is the front end and back end of our software LEVEL 2 COMPONENTS of Base Station 1 DATABASE The software room that will store the information gathered from the XBees and Relay controls e Who Logan Odell e Time Allotted 5 days LEVEL 3 COMPONENTS of Database 1 DATABASE INSERTION EXTRACTION The Insertion and extraction of data from and to the XBees to the database e Who Logan Odell Time Allotted 5 days 2 STRUCTURE DESIGN The design layout and building of the database e Who Waleng Vang Logan Odell Time Allotted 4 days 3 MOBILE WEB INTERFACE The front end of the project the Mobile Web Interface bridges the user to his her device controls LEVEL 3 COMPONENT of Mobile Web
44. at shape the actuator input to achieve a specific application of output forces and movement 3 Acontroller with sensors that compares the output to a performance goal and then directs the actuator input From the above description of a mechanical system we can infer that our design of components does not accommodate any mechanical aspect As you can see from the figures below Figure 51 Project Frame Our design is all hardware and software base The hardware includes the components that controls and measures the flow of electricity The software enables all communication between the hardware components So overall there are no mechanical objects in our prototype The next section will discuss the Test Plan for the Home Energy Management System The Test Plan is meant to correct all bugs and errors and create a prototype capable of surviving in multiple conditions XX TEST PLAN HARDWARE To properly test the energy measurements accuracy precision and resolution needed to be taken into account during testing stages The level of accuracy should be fairly rough somewhere in the area of 10 A Accuracy Firstly the accuracy of a measurement is how close the measurement corresponds to its actual value Accuracy depends on the accuracy of the device or the method used to calibrate it This means that most instruments cannot be declared accurate because they will only be as accurate as their calibration Repro
45. cast as a monthly service in addition to the one time purchase of a starter pack Comcast focuses more on security and augments device control as part of the service Some of the benefits for Xfinity Home Control are e Device Variety Similar to Z Wave there are a number of devices that can be controlled through Xfinity home control e Monitoring Comcast provides 24 7 monitoring for things like security fire and carbon monoxide Some of the drawbacks of Xfinity Home Control are e Regional Xfinity Home Control is only available where Comcast resides Any home out of their area would not be able to take advantage of this service e Proprietary Similar to Z Wave devices and the protocol are proprietary e Cost Unlike Z Wave there is a monthly subscription cost So the energy savings must be at a minimum every month for the solution to be attractive to consumers The starter packs are also quite expensive as much as 350 for 5 devices e Energy Reduction Xfinity Home Control isn t intended to reduce energy consumption it s intended to provide security and convenience to the consumer III NEST Nest is a thermostat recently purchased by Google It makes great strides in reducing home energy consumption by learning the consumer s behavior and adapting its controls to fit their lifestyle This goes along with HEMS philosophy of limiting the requirement of consumer intervention Some of the benefits to Nest are
46. ces to enhance the project including the new mobile frame and PCB fabrication We have added a substantial amount to this semester s cost but it was necessary in order to complete the project The list following below is the list of purchases the TEAM has done only in the spring X FUNDING SPRING 2014 Logan Odell 4x USB Power Adapters 22 76 DigiKey minor parts 5 06 DigiKey minor parts XBee and relay 41 51 Seeedstudio PCB Fabrication 18 61 TOTAL 87 94 Waleng Vang USB hub 19 99 Diodes 1 98 Bread Board 19 99 TOTAL 41 96 Sean O Hara 6x Plastic Enclosures 4 07 4x Non Invasive Current Sensor 100A 56 40 4x 9V AC AC Power Adapter 43 20 TOTAL 103 67 Va Banh TAX 10 18 DigiKey X Bee 5 T sensor 2 98 56 29 Home Depot A frame 61 27 Office Max sticky 9 75 Home Depot separate frames 42 37 TOTAL 222 13 Billy Saetern SaintSmart 4 Channel Relay Module 14 58 TOTAL 14 58 Complete Total Cost of Purchases End of Spring 2014 470 28 When the semester ends and our project has been completed the total cost will be averaged and those who are above the average will be compensated by those who are below it XI MILESTONE SPRING 2014 The following are milestone in our Work Breakdown Structure for Spring 2014 1 SMS 2 Project Frame 3 Testing Enhancing 4 Documentation SMS is a milestone that we did not finish in fall 2013 Hence itis a milestone now The Project Frame has th
47. ch of H E M S nodes cost 20 to 30 the savings are obviously not dramatic enough to warrant a purchase This is where the angle of the problem statement changes We have come to accept that people are inherently selfish and careless doing as they are please Persuading them to change their energy consumption with the help of the H E M S would be ideal but impractical So instead we will focus our Problem Statement not only on preserving energy in the residential sector but also to provide a foundation for future homes The industry is headed towards the ability to control home energy and the H E M S is the core of the movement We are focusing on automating the system so that homeowner s will focus less on the tedious task of micro managing This will aid homeowners in preserving energy in a more practical and less stressful method It is ideal to understand and accept that homeowner s need to have a home built to preserve energy because their view of energy consumption is different from an engineers A The Original Societal Problem Our original societal problem began with the need to address the rise in homeowner s energy within the United States and the lack of ways to manage their usage As we are moving towards alternative energy sources such as solar and wind we still need to manage the energy we are currently using and be able to manage it in the future Maintenance of a solar system is one aspect but also
48. choice Step 7 You can return back to any page by pressing the back button or main page button Step 8 To exit out of the webpage simply exit out However for one who is trying to recreate the project we have created a technical user guide B Technical User Guide Preface This technical user guide presents the hardware assembly and software configuration of the Home Energy Management System H E M S It is intended for users who possess a basic understanding of household electrical systems and electronic circuits as well as familiarity with networking the Arduino Uno Duemilanove microcontroller Series 2 XBee modules ZigBee protocol Raspberry Pi computer and HTML PHP jQuery scripting languages In this guide you will find out how to successfully hook up the entire H E M S as well as be provided with troubleshooting and FAQ s C Before Getting Started Before assembly or configuring the H E M S first make sure you have all of the necessary hardware components and software as shown in the Hardware Components and Software sections to ensure proper functioning of the system D Hardware Components e 5 9V AC AC Power Adapters e 5 Non Invasive 100A Current Sensors 3 Relay Circuits 4 Power Sensing Circuits 4 XBee Circuits 45 e 4 Arduino Uno Duemilanove Microcontrollers w USB Power Cord e 1 Wireless Router w Power Adapter e 1 CATS Ethernet Cable e 1 Raspberry Pi e 1 Serie
49. cted mobile device and observed whether it had changed the actual thermostat readings We incremented the temperature in the first few trials and decrement the temperature afterwards c Low Power Mode Update I We needed to confirm if the Low Power Mode activation data was being sent to the database and updating the hardware Since this was multi activation scenario we confirm that each of the settings the user decided on was updating the database and hardware correctly If not we checked the PHP script that was updating each of the devices If no problem was found there we pinpoint the problem if the issue was a hardware problem If it was we updated and worked with our hardware teammates to debug it Test Cases 1 Test whether the default data configured in the Low Power Mode in the database was being sent to the actual appliance associated with Low Power Mode and observed the actual display of each appliance 2 Test whether data configured by user in the Low Power Mode in the database was being sent to the actual appliance associated with Low Power Mode and observed the actual display of each appliance 74 E Results Our results show that our software is performing as expected and we have cleaned up the code that we have either updated or removed Our output matches what we expected of our inputs and if it didn t we provided a software fix There was one test that we took into consideration of our perspectiv
50. d XML interconnected web development tools used on the client side to create web pages that are dynamic with change Design idea A feature list of design specs that specifies what the final product should be able to do H E M S Home Energy Management System A smart home control system that is comprised of a mesh community actively communicating with a central core base station that is providing energy data and controls to the consumer Home Controller A Raspberry Pi and XBee that hosts the mobile website and contains the algorithms necessary to interface the website with the various node devices HTML Hyper Text Markup Language the standard system for tagging text files to create font color graphics and links to the Internet HVAC Stands for heating ventilating and air conditioning It is the technology consisting of indoor and vehicular environmental comfort JAVASCRIPT a programming language that is object oriented and is commonly used to create interactive effects on a website jQuery Mobile Libraries a mobile touch optimized web framework used to create web pages that are meant for mobile use It converts basic HTML tags into simplistic touch options 82 Node Device The control circuitry that reads the power data and or controls a household electrical device such as a light outlet or HVAC OTLWR Outgoing Team Leader Written Report PHP Hypertext preprocessor a user server si
51. d of the last semester the team produced a laboratory prototype that consisted of the following e One4 X 3 plywood board housing the components e Breaker box containing four breakers connected to the following o Whole house o HVAC o Two wall outlets e Two standard 120V AC wall outlets e Three 60 watt light bulbs to simulate the heater condenser and fan of an HV AC system e Arduino based thermostat e One Arduino node device connected to each outlet e One XBee node device connected to each outlet e One Raspberry Pi with connected XBee acting as the home controller To properly measure the voltage from the wall outlets the team simply plugged a step down transformer directly into the outlet To power the Arduino node devices the team connected a 120V AC to 5V DC power adapter to lines available in the breaker box and used a USB hub to spread power to the various node devices The team also wanted like to remove the USB hub requirement for power and thus low voltage wire running throughout the back and have each of the node devices be powered through their local power source Unfortunately the team attempted to daisy chain and as a result the power system failed The team resorted back to the USB hub This semester the team also attempted to implement stand alone Arduino but after designing and creating them it became a dead end This is due to several stand alone Arduinos burning out too quickly resulting in t
52. d to the setup and the test was run again Initially the change in packet loss did not change It was later determined to be a configuration error 69 on our intermediate node After loading the proper firmware and letting the test run for longer to allow the mesh network to build the packet loss was reduced to less than 1 This gave us indication that the mesh networking was working Overall our testing showed that the hardware we chose to use was sufficient to accomplish the tasks set forth in our feature set XXI TEST PLAN SOFTWARE For the software section of the test plan we ran and debugged our programs which included the mobile website the database and the backend scripts In order to properly test the software components we needed to find test cases that crash the software We used both black box and white box testing methods to find bugs in our design For software testing many companies do not involve software developers with the testing process This was primarily because developers usually have the belief that their software was errorless and do not have the methodology and mindset of cracking their own system The factors we tested for were time delay between data updates data accuracy and ease of use A Black Box Testing In order to test the functionality of each of our features used black box testing we created a series of inputs for some of our features to be tested that uses code segments tha
53. dalone Arduino microcontroller circuit to deliver the real power calculations Along with this circuit exists an XBee circuit to send the energy data to the base station and simple relay circuit to trigger wall outlets on off All of these circuits are integrated on a single circuit board and make up the individual 111 nodes All of these nodes are wirelessly connected together to establish a ZigBee mesh network which makes up almost the entire hardware aspect of the system Interdependence of Energy Measurement Circuit The energy measurement circuit makes up the foundation of the H E M S The entire project began using this circuit and without 1t the system would only be a web interface with a mesh network without any useful data involved The energy measurement circuit is able to produce a low voltage digital output that is proportional to a high voltage analog output The actual energy measurements from individual nodes are the high voltage analog outputs that are converted to a low voltage digital output that the Arduino uses to present useful data on a computer This represents the very basis of how our energy measurement sub system functions Although meaningful data is obtained using the energy measurement circuit this does not mean that the other components of our system can be omitted By only being able to view energy measurement data on the serial monitor of the Arduino LD E is not very useful when it comes to monito
54. de scripting language created for web development It is also a general programming language used by many Power Sensing Circuit A circuit that makes up the voltage and current sensing aspects of the system that consists of a series of voltage dividers and a burden resistor as well as a 100A current transformer and 9V AC AC power adapter Relay Circuit A circuit consisting of a 5A miniature relay a 2N3904 transistor a 1k resistor and a diode that controls the wall outlets Societal Problem A worldwide problem that is effecting a large portion of humanity TEAM 11 The Senior Design team creating and marketing the Home Energy Management System It is composed of four Computer Engineers Logan Odell Va Banh Billy Saetern Waleng Vang and one Electrical amp Electronic Engineer Sean O Hara Work Breakdown Structure A decomposition of the working schedule of a project into graphical and table view XBee Circuit A circuit that consists of a series of resistors used as voltage dividers to convert 5V to 3 3V to allow power to individual XBee s APPENDIX Appendix A Electrical Power Overview In order to measure energy not only at a single node but an entire home there are two necessary electrical properties that are needed voltage and current In particular the RMS voltage and RMS current are needed in order to find effective AC values If the direct AC voltage and current values were used versus the
55. device code e EmonLib v1 0 Used on the Arduino to assist in calculating real power e xbee arduino library v0 5 Used on the Arduino to help assist in communication with our XBees through ZigBee packets e GCC 4 8 Used on our Raspberry Pi to compile the flex alert database and XBee communication code e MySQL C API A C library installed onto our Raspberry Pi that allows us an easy way to send MySQL commands e MySQL 5 Hosts our database on our Raspberry Pi e JQuery Mobile 1 8 Create a mobile website to view device information and instruct our system to change device states So we can break out the software in our system into a few distinct categories e Arduino Sketches that are loaded onto the Arduino Unos which control and measure power from our various household devices We need different sketches for the wall outlet HVAC whole house and thermostat devices e Embedded Raspberry Pi program that interfaces our XBee with the database and keeps track of flex alerts e MySQL database that hold state and power measurement data e JQuery Mobile website that is displayed in a user s web browser and interfaces with the database A Flowcharts For the first two bullet points we can demonstrate the logic through flow charts The following pages contain flowcharts for our Arduino Sketches and Raspberry Pi embedded code Author Logan Odell File WallOutlet ep Date 05 03 2014 Description Flowchart for Ar
56. ducible or precise are better words in this case B Precision Secondly the precision of a measurement is a measure of the range of its different readings It is important to understand that accuracy and precision are not the same as a measurement can be accurate but not precise or vice versa Precision is also a synonym for the resolution of the measurement that can be differentiated between other measurements C Resolution Lastly the resolution of a measurement is the tiniest change that a sensor can determine in the quantity that is being measured Declaring that resolution is superior to precision is also misleading because the sensor itself has an effect on the measurement being measured D Energy Measurement Testing During white box testing three primary devices were used to determine the accuracy precision and resolution of the energy measurements These electrical loads included a 72 watt light bulb a 50 watt 3 speed fan and an Arduino Uno microcontroller By measuring the voltage and current and applying Ohm s Law the calculated wattages are summarized in the tables below TABLE 13 LIGHT BULB TESTING RESULTS Voltage Current Watts V A W 68 On 122 4V 0 572A 70 01W TABLE 14 FAN TESTING RESULTS Voltage Current Watts V A W Speed 1 1224V 0 3124 38 19W Speed2 122 4V 0 333A 40 76W Speed3 1
57. duino sketch that is loaded onto our wall outlet nodes These nodes require both data measurement and a single relay control Figure 44 Flowchart For The Outlet Sketch 58 Author Logan Odell File Thermostat ep Date 05 03 2014 Description Flowchart for Arduino sketch that is loaded onto our Thermostat node No measurement needed only relay control and LCD keypad UI implementation Figure 45 Flowchart for the Thermostat Sketch 59 Author Logan Odell File WholeHouse HVAC ep Date 05 03 2014 Description Flowchart for Arduino sketch that is loaded onto our WholeHouse and HVAC nodes These nodes only require data measurement no control aspect is implemented Figure 46 Flowchart For HVAC and Whole House Sketch 60 Author Logan Odell File RaspberryPiMain ep Date 05 03 2014 Description Flowchart for main of C program running on Raspberry Pi This program only needs to launch the three theads wait for them to finish and exit Figure 47 Flowchart For Raspberry Pi Main Function 61 Author Logan Odell File tty_thread ep Date 05 03 2014 Description Flowchart for tty thread running on Raspberry Pi Our tty thread interfaces with our XBee connected to the com port It periodically reads data in from the com port and features a state machine that parses the ZigBee packets The packets are then sent to our process_packet function Figure 48 Flowchart for TTY Thread 62
58. e This should be done dynamically so that constant refreshing will not be necessary 47 G Hardware Assembly IMPORTANT TO AVOID THE RISK OF ELECTRIC SHOCK DO NOT PROCEED TO THE FOLLOWING STEPS BEFORE FULLY TURNING OFF HIGH VOLTAGE AC POWER FROM THE MAIN HOUSEHOLD BREAKER BOX 1 Individual Node Setup Step 1 Remove the wall outlet cover by unscrewing the single screw Step 2 Remove the wall outlet by unscrewing the top and bottom screws Step 3 Use wire cutters to cut the hot red and neutral black wires in half Step 4 Connect the hot wire in parallel with the blue wire from the Relay Circuit and the red wire from the AC AC step down transformer Step 5 Connect the neutral wire in parallel with the yellow wire from the Relay Circuit and the black wire from the AC AC step down transformer Step 6 Connect the green wire from the Relay Circuit to Digital I O Pin 12 on the Arduino Step 7 Connect the red wire from the Relay Circuit to 5V on the Arduino Step 8 Connect the black wire from the Relay Circuit to GND on the Arduino Step 9 Connect the orange wire from the Power Sensing Circuit to TX on the Arduino Step 10 Connect the purple wire from the Power Sensing Circuit to Rx on the Arduino Step 11 Connect the red wire from the Power Sensing Circuit to 5V on the Arduino Step 12 Connect the black wire from the Power Sensing Circuit to GND on the Arduino Step 13 Connect the yellow wire from the Po
59. e potential shortage of energy the world would one day arrive to This had motivated nations around the world to push engineers and scientist alike to find other resources and cultivate current resources to better maintain the longevity of their use Fast forward four decades and the push for renewable as well as alternate resources have been mainstreamed with examples including natural energy wind solar water and nuclear plants Even with these other resources the next energy crisis still seems inevitable seemingly visible within the horizon The problem lies with the abuse and consumption of energy on all fronts including residential industrial commercial and transportation as shown in the charts and table below Figure 53 Primary energy use by end use sector 2011 2040 quadrillion Btu 125 1 e e cQ un e np 2011 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 Figure 1 2011 2040 Energy Chart Prediction TABLE 1 2011 2040 ENERGY TABLE PREDICTION Transportation Residential Commercial Industrial 2011 27 07915 21 61872 18 02055 30 59193 2015 27 18465 20 42446 17 90236 32 21262 2020 27 290584 20 61578 18 36953 34 75763 2025 26 75199 21 08274 19 03968 35 46427 2030 26 33264 21 6468 19 71522 35 11439 2035 26 53714 22 24838 20 37002 35 25559 2040 27 27158 23 07678 21 12988 36 15917 SOURCE 1 The mainstreaming of renewable ener
60. e Allotted 20 days LEVEL 3 COMPONENTS of Node Communication DATABASE INSERTION EXTRACTION An algorithm that will insert and extract information between XBees and the database Who Logan Odell Time Allotted 3 days PROTOCOL A set of protocols that will set up the TCP connection Who Logan Odell Time Allotted 2 days SETUP INSTALL OS AND SOFTWARE The Setup of the XBees and its allied component the Raspberry Pi Who Logan Odell Time Allotted 2 days LEVEL 1 COMPONENT c UTILITY WEB INTERFACE The web page built exclusively for the utility company that will have access to the flex alert LEVEL 2 COMPONENTS of the Utility Web Interface 1 AUTHENTICATION The security system that will be implemented into the Utility Web Page Who Sean O Hara Logan Odell Time Allotted 6 days STRUCTURE DESIGN The basic design and structure of the Utility Web Page Who Sean O Hara Logan Odell Time Allotted 7 days LEVEL 1 COMPONENT thermostat to accommodate for our database e Who Logan Odell e Time Allotted 14 days LEVEL 2 COMPONENT OF Thermostat 1 BUILD STRUCTURE OF d PRESENTATION STRUCTURE The second presentable component of the project the Presentation Structure is THERMOSTAT Basic structure of thermostat built used to control the HVAC Who Logan Odell Time Allotted 7 days framework of the project s hardware all e in one Who The Team Time Allotted 10 days LEVEL 2 COMPONENT of
61. e and current sensors void EnergyMonitor voltage int inPinV double VCAL double PHASECAL inPinV inPinV VCAL _VCAL PHASECAL _PHASECAL void EnergyMonitor current int inPinI double _ ICAL inPinI inPinI ICAL _ICAL Sets the pins to be used for voltage and current sensors based on emontx pin map void EnergyMonitor voltageTX double VCAL double _PHASECAL inPinV 2 VCAL VCAL PHASECAL PHASECAL void EnergyMonitor currentTX int channel double ICAL if channel 1 nPinr 3 11 if _channel 2 inPinI 0 if channel 3 inPinI 1 ICAL _ICAL emon calc procedure Calculates realPower apparentPower powerFactor Vrms Irm S kwh increment From a sample window of the mains AC voltage and current The Sample window length is defined by the number of half wavelengths or crossings we choose to measure void EnergyMonitor calcVI int crossings int timeout if defined emonTxV3 int SUPPLYVOLTAGE 3300 else int SUPPLYVOLTAGE readVcc endif int crossCount 0 Used to measure number of times threshold is crossed int numberOfSamples 0 This is now incremented 1 Waits for the waveform to be close to zero 500 adc part in sin curve boolean st false an indicator to exit the while loop unsigned long start millis millis start makes sure it doesnt
62. e clients This was an interesting test where we had to go out and talk to random people We talked to about 50 people near Wal Mart by Florin Road Sacramento We asked 4 questions e Could you afford to put this system in your house 1500 o 20 50 say Yes they could afford it e Would you like our product in your home o 15 20 of the people who could afford it say Yes if it was safe o 45 50 say Yes if they could afford it so those 5 was stingy e Would you let the Utility Company control an aspect of it o 49 50 say NO that 1 said sarcastically sure why not e Would you give the permission if the utility company is willing to provide rebates and financing options for you o 28 50 say Yes those Yes was mainly from those who couldn t afford it The answer varies from person to person But overall we got that the customer will not let utility company in without any compensation or incentives The following below shows other type of testing we had done Each table are results of each of the individual testing of each of the separate sections of the software testing TABLE 16 SOFTWARE TESTING WEBSITE TO DATABASE OUTLET Mobile Outlet 1 Outlet 2 Database Database Pass Website Trials Outlet 1 Outlet 2 or Fail 1 On On 1 1 Pass 2 Off On 0 1 Pass 3 On On 1 1 Pass 4 Off Off 0 0 Pass 5 On On 1 1 Pass 6 Off Off 0 0 Pass 7 On On 1 1 Pass 8 Off Off 0 0 Pass 9 On On 1 1 Pass 10 Off Off 0 0 Pass
63. e flexibility of being enhanced upon daily Testing Enhancing is another big milestone After testing we can conclude whether each feature is up to par or if it needs to be enhanced to make it better Documentation is a small milestone There always something due every week XII WORK BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE SPRING 2014 In the second semester the WBS is centered on getting everything more in tune with one another by making enhancement to the existing prototype An example of this would be changing out components to better tailor to our design idea The following are charts showcasing the top level breakdown structure of the prototype A Charts Home Energy Management MOBILE DOCUMENTS Wireless Nodes Base Station OPTIMIZED Presentation Themostat WEB PAGE Structure Figure 28 Level 0 Tier and Its Corresponding Level 1 Structures Wireless Nodes Measure Voltage Current Enhancements Enhancements Power Regulation Relay Control Enhancements Figure 29 Level 1 Tier Wireless Nodes and Its Corresponding Level 2 Structures Base Station Database Gateway Structure Communication Enhancements Enhancements Figure 30 Level 1 Tier Base Station and Its Corresponding Level 2 Structures 30 MOBILE Presentation OPTIMIZED Themostat WEB PAGE Structure Add More Software Materials Enhancements to FLEX ALERT FRAME Utility Web Page Enhancements Enhancements Figure 31
64. e in the frame specific data section from an initial starting value of OxFF The received data portion of the packet is where we look to find out the HEMS protocol data The HEMS protocol is ASCII encoded and contains four arguments separated by colons and terminated with a null The arguments in order denote the packet type state power measurement and device type The following table provides more details TABLE 12 DESCRIPTION OF HEMS PROTOCOL ARGUMENTS HV packets update the current_state column while HT packets update both the set_state and current_state columns The latter is used when a user wants to change the device s state from the node itself as is done with the Thermostat s buttons Packet Type For outlets 0 or 1 is used for off or on respectively For thermostat s the desired temperature is used as a base and the either 0 100 or 200 is added for the mode off heat and cool respectively Device State Power 0 to The real power in watts of Measurement 65535 the device Device Type 0to3 Either 0 for wall outlets 1 for thermostats 2 for HVAC or3 for whole house node devices XIX MECHANICAL A mechanical system manages power to accomplish a task that involves forces and movements such as a waterwheel windmill or even a motor A mechanical system consists of the following 1 A power source and actuators that generate forces and movement 2 Asystem of mechanisms th
65. ed wire to the POWER screw terminal Step 8 Reattach the thermostat to the wall Step 9 Turn back on the electricity to the thermostat H Troubleshooting Problem I receive the following error when trying to upload my sketch to the Arduino avrdude stk500_getsync not in sync resp 0x00 avrdude stk500_disable protocol error expect 0x14 resp 0x51 Solution To correct this error unplug the TX and Rx wires from the Arduino and then re upload the sketch Problem I am not getting accurate power readings what is wrong Solution Adjust the Arduino sketch voltage and current calibration value until you get power readings that correspond to a multimeter s values I FAQ 1 Will an AC DC power adapter work instead of an AC AC power adapter Answer No a sinusoidal waveform is needed in order to find the RMS voltage and RMS current XVI USER MANUAL The mobile website is composed of two sections the front end which is meant for consumer interaction and the back end the scripts and functions transferring the data to and from the base station The front end of the mobile website is primarily designed using HTML code that is made mobile compatible with jQuery Mobile libraries Accessing and coding with jQuery Mobile recreates the HTML code using CSS and JavaScript s into simple to use controls and widgets providing a simple yet adequate structure to the website Because of this the website can be accessed anywh
66. embly 1 MySQL Database Setup Step 1 Download and Install PHPMyAdmin Step 2 Open PHPMyAdmin Step 3 When prompted name your database using this format username databasename This will help specify to others who the user is and what database they are accessing Step 4 Create a table using the drop box list of databases Select the database you wish to insert the table in and name it properly Choose a name that reflects the data you will be putting in the table Step 5 Choose the number of fields you wish to have Fields refer to username first name last name phone number age If you have 3 or 46 4 fields you wish to use enter that number Step 6 Defining your fields You need to specify what types you will be using in each field If you are using ages then you will be using numbers If you are using names use VARCHAR You can find more by searching the web Here is a list of the most used types o INT Normal Numbers o FLOAT DOUBLE Much Larger Numbers and Decimals o VARCHAR Any characters up to 255 o TEXT A text column with a maximum length of 65 535 characters DATE A date DATETIME A date and time o TIMESTAMP Used for recording the date and time of an insert or update o TIME A time Step 7 Selecting a special Attributes for your database These attributes help enhance your database You can search the web for more Special Attributes Here is a list of Special Attributes
67. ent that collects the energy data based on the device LEVEL 2 COMPONENTS of the Wireless Nodes 1 RELAY CONTROL ENHANCEMENTS Will re evaluate the components and change 1f necessary e Who Va Banh Sean O Hara e Time Allotted 4 days 2 MEASURE VOLTAGE CURRENT ENHANCEMENTS Re Evaluate the efficiency of the current device to see if it will meet the standard of our design idea concept e Who Sean O Hara e Time Allotted 3 Days 3 POWER REGULATION ENHANCEMENTS Re Assess the current power regulator we have and see if it meets the standard of our design idea concepts Who Logan Odell amp Sean O Hara Time Allotted 6 days LEVEL 1 Component b BASE STATION One of the two core presentable component of the project the base station is the front end and back end of our software Who Logan Odell amp Billy Saetern Time Allotted 10 days LEVEL 2 COMPONENTS of Base station 1 DATABASE STRUCTURE ENHANCEMENTS Make any changes to the structure of the database for easier access through parcels and communications Who Logan Odell amp Billy Saetern Time Allotted 10 days GATEWAY COMMUNICATION ENHANCEMENTS Check the communication between all nodes devices database and web page after enhancements been implemented from other parts Who Logan Odell Time Allotted 10 days LEVEL 1 Component MOBILE OPTIMIZED WEB PAGE The web page built exclusively for the utility company that will have access to the flex alert
68. ere with an Internet connection via smart phone or computer The back end contains separate PHP scripts and functions indicated in the code that carry out the database updates for each of the consumers widget use Designed with simplicity and the user in mind the Mobile Website is composed of three primary separate sections the outlets the thermostat and the low power mode Home Energy Managem Hi bs2342 Outlets Thermostats Contact Us Low Power Configuration Logout Figure 33 Home Page of the Mobile Website A Outlet Page The outlet page covers three of the features indicated in the design contract allowing users to turn on off individuals devices displaying individual items as a percentage of total consumption and the display of total house energy consumed Accessing the outlet page gives the user controls to all node connected outlets Each outlet contains an on off switch as well as a section indicating the power consumed by the device plugged in When a user flicks the on off switch a PHP script commits a function that allocates a O off or 1 On to the database This information is grabbed by the nodes and activates the relays to turn on off the device If the user commits an ON and there is a device connected to the outlet the power consumed by the device displays on the left of the on off switch in watts Currently outlet percentage will always be 100 because the H E M S prototype is currentl
69. es to find any issues Test Cases 1 For each of the buttons we flicked the button on or off to see the action on the website The action being whether the website displayed that it had is turned on or off II Testing if the on off button was updating the database checked to see if the button flicks are updating the database This was primarily a database testing case but we needed to confirm if the script was sending the 0 or I 1 for on 0 for off and it was stored in the database We tested this by confirming if the 70 database was being updated If not debugging of the PHP script was required Test Cases 1 For each of the buttons we slid it to on or off and saw whether the database had updated to on or off b All users to set temperature for heating and air conditioning I Testing for the functionality of the Temperature Slider checked to see if the Temperature Slider works The slider was set from 65 to 85 as the range between those two temperatures seem reasonable If not debugging of the code was necessary Test Cases 1 For each integer in the temperature scale we slid the control bar from lowest value to highest value and observed whether the website had displayed that the slider had moved to the appropriate temperature 2 For each integer in the temperature scale we slid the control bar from highest value to lowest value and observed whether the website had displayed that the
70. essing this the user will arrive to a list OFF Low Power Settings o of all the outlets in their mesh system as HEMS well as the components to the temperature pS section The user can than allocate their dai Figure 36 Low Power Activate desired configuration to each piece The user can then return to the previous page and hit the activate button This will set the a current values of the nodes and temperature _ equal to the values inside the Low Power evs Meee Table The end result is outlets and mm temperature set to the preconfigured Low Power settings Figure 37 Low Power Configuration XVII HARDWARE So you can only plan and document so much before you have to just go forward with the design To start let s take a very high level view of how we ended up designing our system oo PEO Figure 38 System Block Diagram We can break our system up into two major devices base station and node device Our deployable prototype has a single base station and 4 node devices This base station consists of a Raspberry Pi an XBee and an XBee Explorer The Raspberry Pi provides the following services e Hosts mobile website 51 e Hosts database e Serves as communication bridge between XBee and database e Runs automated control code The XBee used was an S2 and was loaded with the Coordinator API firmware allowing it to communicate with the node devices through ZigBee packets and manage the mesh
71. ested a Switches Update I We needed to confirm if the data being sent into the database from the website was being portrayed onto the hardware Switching the on off button from the Mobile Website needed to turn off or on the lights If not then we checked the database for any script error and then confirm that it was a hardware issue so that our hardware team can pinpoint it and fix it Test Cases 1 Test each attached appliance by turning on and off one by one using the setting on the mobile website used one connected mobile device and observed whether it had affected the appliance associated with the mobile website We started with the lighting then each individual node device 2 Test each attached appliance by turning on and off one by one used the setting on the mobile website used multiple connected mobile devices and observed whether it had affected the appliance associated with the mobile website b Thermostat Update I We needed to confirm if the temperature data was being sent into the database was changing the thermostat Sliding the temperature slider from the Mobile Website 13 needed to update the current go to temperature If not then we checked the database for any script error then confirm if it was a hardware issue where our hardware teammates can then pinpoint and fix Test Cases 1 Test the thermostat by changing the temperature used the setting on the mobile website used a conne
72. f the flex alert activation for a zip code was working if not debugging of the PHP script necessary 72 Test Cases 1 Having data sent to the Database from flex alert e Authentication Log in I Testing for the authentication of user This test case was used to confirm that only a designated user login can work There be a username and password to confirm access to the H E M S This data is entered into the database where the authentication reference used an equal script to confirm that it was the designated user This case is heavily tested for the sake of the accessibility and assurance of security Other cases to test for also include page bypassing and lock out mechanisms Test Cases 1 Log in with authorized user case sensitive username and correct password case sensitive password 2 Log in with authorized user case sensitive username and correct password not case sensitive password 3 Log in with authorized user case sensitive username and incorrect password 4 Log in with unauthorized user and a correct password case sensitive from an authorized user 5 Log in with unauthorized user and incorrect password 6 Log in with single authorized user from multiple devices 7 Log in with multiple authorized users from multiple devices 8 Type in a directory of all known paths of mobile website without logging in Also known as page bypassing D Database 1 Features to be T
73. filteredI 2 sum suml sql double I RATIO ICAL SUPPLYVOLTAGE 1000 0 ADC COUNTS Irms I RATIO sqrt sumI NUMBER OF SAMPLES Reset accumulators sumI 0 return Irms void EnergyMonitor serialprint iv Serial print realPower Serial print Serial print apparentPower Serial print Serial print Vrms Serial print Serial print Irms Serial print Serial print powerFactor Serial println delay 100 thanks to http hacking majenko co uk making accurate adc readings on arduino and 04991949 e who alerted us to http provideyourown com 2012 secret arduino voltmeter measure battery voltage long EnergyMonitor readVcc long result not used on emonTx V3 as Vcc is always 3 3V eliminates bandgap error and need for calibration http harizanov com 2013 09 thoughts on avr adc accuracy fif defined AVR ATmegal68 defined AVR ATmega328 defined AVR ATmega328P ADMUX BV REFSO BV MUX3 _BV MUX2 BV MUX1 elif defined AVR ATmega32U4 defined AVR ATmegal1280 defined AVR ATmega2560 defined AVR AT90USB1286 ADMUX _BV REFSO BV MUX4 _BV MUX3 BV MUX2 BV MUX1 ADCSRB BV MUX5 Without this the function always returns 1 on the ATmega2560 http openenergymonitor org emon node 2253 comment 11432 felif defined AVR ATtiny24 defined AVR ATtiny4
74. get stuck in the loop if there is an error while st false the while loop startV analogRead inPinV using the voltage waveform if startV lt ADC _COUNTS 2 50 88 startV gt ADC_COUNTS 2 50 st true check its within range if millis start gt timeout st true 2 Main measurment loop start millis while crossCount lt crossings 88 millis start lt timeout numberOfSamples tt Count number of times looped lastSampleV sampleV Used for digital high pass filter lastSampleI sampleI Used for digital high pass filter lastFilteredV filteredv Used for offset removal lastFilteredI filteredI Used for offset removal A Read in raw voltage and current samples sampleV analogRead inPinV Read in raw voltage signal samplel analogRead inPinI Read in raw current signal B Apply digital high pass filters to remove 2 5V DC offset centered on OV filteredV 0 996 lastFilteredV sampleV lastSampleV filteredI 0 996 lastFilteredI samplel lastSamplel sqV filteredV filteredV 1 square voltage values sumV sqV 2 sum sql filteredI filteredI 1 square current values suml sql E Phase calibration phaseShiftedV lastFilteredV PHASECAL filteredV lastFilteredV F Instantaneous power calc instP phaseShiftedV filteredI Instantaneous Power sumP instP Sum
75. gy has become a double edge energy consumers assume the world has the energy to abuse For immediate use Americans have been reducing their energy use from 2011 to 2015 but future projections and research suggests that energy usage is increasing Engineers and scientist know for a fact that resources are getting scarcer than ever 3 5 i w cia an IT ransportat a eia Team 11 s focus for this topic is to aid the residential sector in maintaining a respectable and valid use of their energy This is their elevator pitch We are creating a Home Energy Management System that will track and display homeowner s energy usage and provide energy saving controls to the consumer Originally the belief was that the H E M S project would erratically help homeowners with preserving energy simple online mobile controls and automation set up of the house would cut the energy bill by a good fraction After a semester of researching and prototyping the project with the guidance of their advisor Russ Tatro the belief was merely a belief With the cost of each node and the percentage of energy saved realized the erratic savings became minor Taking into account that vampire devices such as Refrigerators and Freezers the largest electric consuming devices in the average household are on 24 7 being able to turn off a light or the heater would merely shave 10 to 20 dollars off the electricity bill Considering that ea
76. h online and working efficiently In spring 2014 the team with the help of the newest member Billy Saeteurn implemented the authentication system as well as a register system for new users and a password retrieval system Please Login Username Password Login Register Forgot Username Password Figure 6 Authentication Page mamme Register HEMS Figure 7 Registration Page Submit Figure 8 Password Retrieval Page The inclusion of the Utility Flex Alert control was to add an additional feature that would demonstrate a critical warning system that would initiate if it was vastly needed The Utility Flex Page uses basic HTML code as oppose to the jQuery format utilized on the Mobile Website This is primarily because we do not need to implement mobile use as utility companies primarily use computers for security reasons It uses a pre configured default setting that shuts off all outlets and sets the thermostat to a value of 78 when activated These values and operations are configurable in the code Here is the login page and the Low Power Page HEMS Flex Alert Log in Username Password Login Figure 9 Utility Login Page Zip Code Status Change Delete 5828 Nos cive acie New Area Zip Code Active Inactive Submit Logout Figure 10 Low Power Activation Page C Hardware Top Level Design With the societal problem in mind the team designed the h
77. he consumer to see The next section will provide a much more extensive detailing of the design idea as well as its feature list III DESIGN IDEA The design of the H E M S was based originally on the concept of controlling energy with substantial responsibility on the consumer It was to provide strict controls and energy data that would allow the consumer to actively engage in maintaining a respectable energy consumption level The product of this would be educating the consumers on how easy it is to waste energy and how their efforts can aid in its reduction With the shift in the societal problem moving away from consumer maintenance to an automated simple system the team decided to focus on pursuing the automation levitating the maintenance from the consumers to the system or ideally to the engineers A Feature List Our feature list was design to incorporate multiple capabilities to appeal to the consumer The concept of interdependence applies little to our system mainly because all parts are very dependent on the base station and the front and back end to fully function e Measure total house energy consumption e Measure selective target device s energy consumption e Measure temperature inside the home e Store historical energy measurement data at a set interval e Senda text message to user when individual device s energy consumption is abnormally high or low e Mobile Web Interface capable of pro
78. he features the H E M S provide are vital components of what an ideal smart home system should do simplicity reliability and automation If we focus our system to the consumers who are middle class and above and those who are energy saving savvy owners of electric cars and PV systems there a good chance that our product will survive in the market If we introduce our system to Home Developers and get them to include our devices into their development we will have an even better chance If we manage to work with Utility Companies and partner with them to help reduce energy consumption it would be ideal Understanding the market and where the H E M S place is critical As provided in the research understanding that the growth of the market is there is also vital to our cause The strong pushes for smart homes are coming This is where the H E M S will succeed The H E M S will be carried along in this current of mass desire when the big corporations begin pouring their resources into smart home systems and its advertisements The history of the Smart Home Systems proved that the concept was ideal but due to technological limits smart homes were held back After two decades since its initial beginning in 1990 smart homes are now ready to for mass implementation Now that the technology for it is here and ever evolving all that is left is to look towards the future The next section will discuss an 44 engineering level User
79. he return of the original Arduino Unos As of today the design of the Home Energy Management System is cater to the consumers The team has reduced the wire jungle of the back by implementing a clean PVC pipe system The backend of the A Frame no longer has any wire risk The team also included a fan system to be demonstrated as the blower a red light bulb to showcase the heater and a blue one to showcase A C The final product will be showcased at the Trade Show Presentation on May 12th 2014 With the all different devices and pieces used to create the A Frame and the H E M S it is vital to document all purchases to total the final cost The next section Funding Proposals will discuss all the devices and hardware bought to create the Home Energy Management System The total cost of the system as well as the failed unnecessary hardware that were bought will be included IV FALL 2013 In the fall semester we started out with only four members The original 4 members were Va Banh Logan Odell Waleng Vang and Sean O Hara When we first discussed the concept of buying what devices and hardware we wanted to keep it as cheap as possible But we soon realize things never go the way we expect As time went by some devices failed to meet our expectations while others failed to operate completely For example we initially had a NEST Thermostat but its API was neither operational nor available to the public until 2014 We t
80. hen bought a thermostat that stated it had an operational API from EBay When we received it we discovered that the API module was separate So we did the most logical step from there we bought that API Module Then it turned out that the API module used an archaic and practically unknown language which led 2 of our teammates spending hours attempting to decipher it only to realize that the time wasted could have been spent on creating an Arduino based thermostat And that they did So the lesson here is to plan way ahead for the unexpected and plan intelligently and economically We had many other purchases which we used to make our laboratory prototype which will be discussed next V FUNDING FALL 2013 This is the list of purchases the TEAM has done in the fall 2013 Take into TOLL Ed consideration that this list has several pieces of hardware that were used for trial and Va Banh error purposes and over time we found better more efficient devices that would allow our system to operate smoother 4x Non Invasive Current Sensor 100A 56 40 6 Grey Power Supply Cord 8 37 Outlet Box 0 39 Logan Odell 3 8 Clamp connector 1 55 USB Keyboard for RPi 11 88 4 Oct Box COVER 0 65 SD Card for RPi 6 79 Oct Box Junction Box 1 14 Power Adapter for RPi 2 95 Plastic Keyless Lamp Holder 1 28 3x XBee S2 57 00 3 8 Clamp Connector x 2 3 10 XBee breakouts and headers 18 54 White Switch Wall Plate 0 28 Wi Fi USNAP mod
81. ib First the analogRead command is used to convert the analog input voltage value between 0 to SV to a digital value between O and 1023 21 1024 through the use of an analog to digital converter Once the digital value of the waveform is close to zero approximately 500 on sinusoidal signal it is sampled The amount of samples are defined by the number of half wavelengths chosen to be measured which in this case by comparing the voltage and current values of a multimeter to the values calculated by the EmonLib were chosen to be 20 samples to get the most accurate results for a 121 voltage and 52 current calibration values This sampled signal is then passed through a digital high pass filter to remove the 2 5V DC offset To obtain the real power which is the primary concern the instantaneous power is needed To calculate this value the phase shifted voltage is multiplied by the digital HPF current value Instantaneous Power Vohase shifted x lr tered Sump The voltage and current ratio values are then multiplied by the ratio of the instantaneous power and the number of samples to find the real power Sump Real Power Vratio X ratio X Samples where Vratio Veat X es 121 x ave 0 591 1023 1023 Vref 5V L atio Ical x X823 52x 107 0 254 Each node of our system consists of an energy measurement circuit which consists of a voltage sensor current sensor resistors capacitors and a stan
82. ility Login Page iuo todas istuc ttu te sud E oer aes taa adieu Ido vba evt at onu vod 6 Figure 10 Low Power Activation Page uui cotidie iei de caa pente Vivo Dati dec Goatees daa des 7 Figure JT S Project Frate zac iden nescio ii 7 Figure 12 Separate Outlet nici da 7 Figure 13 Level 0 Tier and Its Corresponding Level 1 Structures 11 Figure 14 Level I Tier Wireless Nodes and Its Corresponding Level 2 Structures 11 Figure 15 Level I Tier Base Station and Its Corresponding Level 2 Structures 11 Figure 16 2 Tier Database and Mobile Web Interface and their Corresponding Level 3 SUCUT E ENSE mp MEET 12 Figure 17 Level 1 Tier Abnormal Usage Check and Node Communication and their Corresponding Level 1 SIFOBIESS s duode den qu Eh Gaul cuo Fue AA AD cu deed dd I2 Figure 18 Level 1 Tier Utility Web Interface and Presentation Structure and their Corresponding Level 2 Structures fas sao sick cosa Eoi eed aspe Fc Ue uon Food dinde agotado a eden 12 Figure 19 Level 1 Tier Thermostat and their Corresponding Level 2 Structures 13 Figure 20 Level 1 Tier Documents and their Corresponding Level 2 Structures 13 Figure 21 Level 0 Tier and Its Corresponding Level 1 Structures essence 24 Figure 22 Level I Tier Wireless Nodes and Its Corresponding Level 2 Structures 24 Figure 23 Level I Tier Base Station
83. ing home energy waste will become more noticeable to consumers That however isn t necessarily going to encourage more homeowners to take an active role in their energy waste rather they will start to look at solutions that will do it forward Comparisons to the other solutions e Z Wave o Justas reliable mesh networking is available and we have the option of also using the 900 MHz spectrum o Two way communication is also implemented in HEMS o Open protocol allows developers to easily add their device to our network of devices o Easier setup Our system is designed to be plug and play so the only intervention required by the consumer is to name the device o Automated controls Being more focused on energy reduction we can start to implement controls that will reduce the energy waste without requiring constant user interaction e XHnity Home Control o Energy reduction focus Rather than focusing on security and convenience we can focus on reducing energy consumption o Norecurring costs will mean a shorter return on investment time o Open protocol as mentioned previously allows for easy integration for developers e Nest Thermostat o Thermostat in current project is a proof of concept Ideally when the API is released for the Nest we would want to integrate it with our project as its focus is much more aligned with ours We are simply scaling up the concepts to other sources of energy waste T
84. is AAA AAA di dare deus 51 Figure 20 ystem Block DIIgramsa noe A esses fame ctis 51 Figure 39 Base Station Block Diagram aei iria 52 Figure 40 Node Device Block Diagrams a dE iia isa 53 Figure 41 Schematic For Wall Outlet Node Device essere 54 Figure 42 Schematic For Thermostat Node Device eese eene 55 Figure 43 Schematic For HVAC and Whole House Node Device nonoo 56 Figure 44 Flowchart For The Outlet Sketch visitor aida aed toque ee du pe gend iia 58 Figure 45 Flowchart for the Thermostat Sketch esses eene 59 Figure 46 Flowchart For HVAC and Whole House Sketch essen 60 Figure 47 Flowchart For Raspberry Pi Main Function eese 61 Figure 48 Flowchart for TT YT NCA ue pedo Dee etel tu A RT dodge ud xu dace 62 Figure 49 Flowchart For Stat Update Thread eee essere nnns 63 Figure 50 Flowchart For Flex Alert Thread dd id 64 Figures l Project ramen A IA conse A n decoder ea an saben eec a 67 Figure 52 Energy Measurement Circuit iia i List of Tables TABLE 1 2011 2040 ENERGY TABLE PREDICTION retener 2 TABLE 2 OVERVIEW FOR HOME ENERGY MANAGEMENT FIRST SEMESTER WORK BREAKDOWN STRUC UTR E don ette tie Fe iret ini leid oe issue aed e diui tes 13 TABLE 3 FALLASSIGNMENTS su ii A te eit la ale Ba eb dine 20 TABLE 4 HOME ENERGY MANAGEMENT SECOND SEMESTER WORK BREAKDOWN STRUCUTRE OVERVIEW ii A A A esa ti todas 31 TABLES SPRING AS
85. istance Project Frame New Arduino Board Documentation TOTAL Va Banh Research SMS Testing T stat Testing Database Testing Flex Alert Debugging Project Frame Documentation TOTAL Waleng Vang Research Authentication Automation Mobile Display Energy Consumption Testing System Website Documentation TOTAL Sean O Hara Here is a short summary of the hours the team spent on each portion of the 71 Hours Hour 2 Hours 5 Hours 15 Hours 19 Hours 5 Hours 54 Hours 101 Hours 12 Hours 6 Hours 13 Hours 3 Hours 4 Hours 3 Hours 17 Hours 44 Hours 102 Hours 18 Hours 5 Hours Hour 9 Hours 5 Hours 3 Hours 76 Hours 117 Hours Research Testing Energy Measurements New Arduino Board Power Separation Project Frame Documentation TOTAL Billy Saetern Research Authentication Testing Authentication Database To Web Host Outside Temperature Display SMS Testing Website Documentation TOTAL TOTAL HOURS SPENT 12 Hours 14 Hours 4 Hours 5 Hours 5 Hours 49 Hours 89 Hours 6 Hours 8 Hours 5 Hours 22 Hours 13 Hours 8 Hours 5 Hours 44 Hours 111 Hours 59 Hours XIII RISK ASSESSMENT 4 MITIGATION SPRING 2014 The Spring 2014 Risk Assessment and Mitigation takes into consideration what the team has completed in the fall semester The end result left the team with the need to make the
86. ject what societal problem we are tackling Who Team Time Allotted 7 days DEVICE TEST PLAN WRITTEN REPORT A document that has a test plan that proves the laboratory prototype works as expected over a convincing range of factors such as temperature humidity voltages or other pertinent factors for your design Who Team Time Allotted 7 days MARKET REVIEW REPORT How does your deployable prototype solves the societal problem who your consumer and how does it fit your market Who Team Time Allotted 7 days FEATURE REPORT Document about your features Who Team Time Allotted 7 days MIDTERM PROGRESS REVIEW Demonstrate that your team is implementing the changes to your project as discovered by your device testing Who Team e Time Allotted 7 days 6 DEPLOYABLE PROTOTYPE 9 OUTGOING TEAM LEADER REVIEW Demonstrate the REPORT Leader outgoing report completed deployable prototype document e Who Team e Who Team Leader e Time Allotted 7 days e Time Allotted End of your Rule 7 FINAL DOCUMENTATION 10 TEAM MEMBER EVALUATIONS Document of all details of the Evaluate each team member even project yourself e Who Team e Who Team e Time Allotted 7 days e Time Allotted half a semester 8 WEEKLY REPORTS Document of what happen every week e Who Team e Time Allotted Each Week 7 days To make it easier to understand we provided the following table TABLE 5 SPRING ASSIGNMEN
87. l as the concept of mainstream appeal and target consumers off grid individuals energy saving advocates and environmentalist The completion of all documentation has been a vital part of growing the team and it has been a very beneficial and educational experience With the completion of the A Frame and the testing results outcome being satisfactory the Home Energy Management System is now ready for the final presentation the Trade Show From Fall 2013 to Spring 2014 the team has worked together developing and documenting the H E M S all in hopes of building an industry level project to prepare them for the future The concept of the Senior Design Course was to train the students for the future One can never say they are fully ready for what is to come as life is unpredictable throwing new and unexpected roadblocks The best one can do is simply to be prepared And this is what the team has concluded Prime your skills and sharpen your knowledge because with those you can stand your ground for whatever comes We are Team 11 and we designed a Home Energy Management System that tracked and displayed homeowner s energy usage and provided energy saving controls to the consumer 1 2 3 4 REFERENCES Market Trends US Energy Demand Annual Energy Outlook 2014 online 2014 Available http www eia gov forecasts aeo MT energydemand cfm gt Accessed 7 April 2014 7 Trends in Home Energy in 2013 a
88. l power please see Appendix A 56 XVIII SOFTWARE Having the proper hardware can only take us so far At some point you need to step in and let the software take over Our project leans more towards the software end of the spectrum likely because our team is 80 Computer Engineers Nevertheless we felt confident that we could design a system that would accomplish our goal of reducing home energy waste with a heavy dependency on software What we did not realize was how software diverse our solution would be Software in our prototype performs all of the following e On Arduino o Calculate the real time real power of our load using voltage current and time Done with the assistance of the Emon library located in Appendix B o Composing a packet of real power device state and device type and sending it in a ZigBee packet to an XBee e On Base Station o Host mobile website o Host database for storing device state and energy data o Receiving and parsing the ZigBee packets from the XBee over the COM port o Updating a device s state and real time power readings in a database o Noticing state change requests inserted into the database and sending the request to the appropriate device o Continuously checking for an issued flex alerts 57 The following is a list of programs and libraries used to help us develop the software for our deployable prototype e Arduino IDE v1 05 Used to develop the node
89. m and receive their degree takes five years or 10 semesters Through this process the student studies and attempts to master all forms of subjects ranging from Chemistry to computing programs all relevant to their major And at the end their knowledge is tested with the Senior Design course a class meant to allow the students to demonstrate their years of forging and priming of their skills and knowledge It is here that they showcase their abilities and experience teamwork project building project managing all to prepare them for the engineering industries of the world as well as their future careers The End of Project Document is the final collective piece that documents all efforts and components of a team in the Senior Design Course for CPEs and EEEs at Sacramento State University This specific document discusses the work and efforts of Team 11 of year 2013 2014 comprising of four CPEs Logan Odell Va Banh Billy Saeteurn and Waleng Vang and one EEE Sean O Hara Team 11 opted to deliver a solution to the societal problem of rising energy demands and a dwindling supply of non renewable sources of energy As we enter the infant of stages of the age of automation we can develop solutions to help bridge the gap between a society that exhausts its non renewable coal and petroleum and a society that thrives on smart and managed usage of renewable wind and solar energy Specifically Team 11 is tackling the concept of energy w
90. managing the energy use is another We need to do it efficiently and effectively Once we adopt new ways of getting our energy supply we would still need to be able to maintain it Just because a homeowner has an alternative supply does not mean they should increase their usage They need to be able to turn on their lights in aroom when occupied and turned off when unoccupied The first step in managing would be to know our current usage and how to adjust our habits The problem with most average homeowners is that they are unaware of how much energy they actually use They see it in dollar amounts on their utility bill but don t necessarily understand the main draw of their power Turning off the lights when you leave the room is fairly obvious but even simple tasks are often neglected This in turn creates excess wasted energy in which our future cannot afford at the rate we are growing If homeowners were able to see and understand this information the impact and realization will undoubtedly cause homeowners to consider their electricity consumption and thus will be push to be more involved in managing their energy usage according to Smart Grid Communications As our population continues to increase and as more residents are able to afford the common appliances in their homes such as washer dryers refrigerators and even ac unit there is growing need to be able to regulate the energy used by our current appliances and inc
91. nd What they Mean for 2014 Katherince Tween 2013 lt http www greentechmedia com articles read 7 trends in home energy in 2013 and what it means for 2014 utm source Daily amp utm medium Headline amp utm cam paign GTMDaily gt OpenEnergyMonitor 2010 Measuring Voltage and Current image online Available at lt http openenergymonitor org emon sites default files curre ntvoltage_bb jpg gt Accessed 6 Apr 2014 US Census Berueau Median and Average Square Feet of Floor Area in New Single Family Houses Completed by Location online Available 81 5 6 7 8 http www census gov const C25 Ann sftotalmedavgsqft pd f Accessed 4 April 2014 Promoting Homeownership Among Low Income Households 2007 The Urban Institute Web 27 Feb 2014 http www urban org UploadedPDFE 411523 promoting ho meownership pdf gt Which Income Class Are You Investopedia US Web 28 Feb 2014 lt http www investopedia com financial edge 0912 which income class are you aspx gt R Faludi API and a Sensor Network in Building Wireless Sensor Networks with ZigBee Xbee Arduino and Processing 1st ed Sepastopol O Reilly 2010 Causes of Lag on Computer Networks and Online About com Web 04 April 2014 lt http compnetworking about com od basicnetworkingconce pts a causes of lag on computer networks and online htm gt Glossary AJAX Asynchronous Javascript an
92. nd give focus to the team The following are milestones in the Work Breakdown Structure for Fall 2013 1 Database Creation 2 Mobile Optimized Web Page 3 Nodes Arduino Sketch relay controls XBee Measure devices 4 HVAC Simulation 5 Thermostat 6 SMS Ti Project Frame 8 Documentation In Fall 2013 the team needed to have the Database up and running to store the 10 relevant information from the Mobile Website and the XBees When the information is able to be stored we can start on the Mobile Optimized Web Page We can pass the data to the database which will lead us to our next milestone Node Arduino Sketch consists of the relay control X Bees and the measuring of devices Those three are the top main milestone because they make up the entirety of our main project Without those three milestones our project would not be possible Now we move onto the Features milestone which will help enhance our project First will be the HVAC Simulation which is the least amount of time spent because Va had already known how to build it In order to control the HVAC simulation the team needed a thermostat that would be compatible with the project We would either buy one or build one As stated earlier we attempted to buy one but the product was unusable and not applicable to our prototype In the end the team built their own Another milestone set was to implement a weekly due date for certain tasks Every week meant that a
93. network The XBee explorer was used to interface the XBee with the Raspberry Pi over a USB COM port rather than directly through the UART Using the XBee explorer allowed us to not have to concern ourselves with writing or testing drivers for the Raspberry Pi s onboard UART The following is a slightly more detailed block diagram of our base station CMOS LOGIC 2 8V 3 4V USB 5V Figure 39 Base Station Block Diagram By using the aforementioned hardware we were able to come up with a final design that is practical affordable scalable and open To capture the energy measurement data and control the devices we had to create a number of node devices that had a similar core but came with slight variations that tuned it to work with whatever device we were trying to control and or measure The following table gives you an idea of the different variations TABLE 7 COMPARISON OF NODE DEVICE FEATURES Device Power measurement capabilities Control mechanism Outlet 1x General Purpose SPDT Relay Thermostat 3x General Purpose SPDT Relay HVAC N A Our deployable prototype contains one of each node device plus an additional outlet to help demonstrate the wireless and mesh networking capabilities The following are the block diagrams of our devices Note that we have 4 node devices that perform separate tasks the HVAC and Whole House nodes have the same hardware 52 Wall Outlet General Purpose Relay Thermos
94. no and XBee Communication ser A AAN IAEA tate einen ub Qu maie A ASA 4 LI LI i b L LI b L b ON LEEF FSSIPWWIEuO O TV JV 33 n O DIFTONFTG Ay f RESET a DOUT i n 2 pna THSLESP GOD O CTADIO I HD EM FTADIC b BOC i OND i nu A ARIE i ao Apa Det 42 a DE ADOITOD a a 7 E Au 1m E dl VREF i E ow omo E OND b CAD Xiop S2 909 Mtz b A E SENE A A A AA o Quit 4 A RA A A EE EO aaa cm psa ES tm ib cR RUE AE IATA fjv LI b Li A i ZA t RELAVPTH b on 2112304 j GND Pe 4 DSB1820 cafe dealt ssec c gt Author Logan Odell File Theromostat sch Date 05 04 2014 p Figure 42 Schematic For Thermostat Node Device 55 Arduino and XBee Communication i I i i i i I ARDUINO UNO cir i i i I i j i i k Voltage and Current Sensors Author Logan Odell File MeasureOnly sch Date 05 04 2014 i I i I I I i i i LI i i i I i i i i D i i I i i l Figure 43 Schematic For HVAC and Whole House Node Device For documentation of how our current and voltage are being measured and set up to determine rea
95. o account we can then move on to see how big of a risk level one would be So let move on to the wireless nodes first Wireless Nodes Measure Voltage Send Data to Base 120VAC to 3 3VDC Relay Control Current Station Figure 22 Level 1 Tier Wireless Nodes and Its Corresponding Level 2 Structures 24 In the wireless nodes I have mentioned four branches already There are a few risks in these wireless nodes Those risks are the following 1 120 VAC to 3 3 VDC a 1 chance of Killing yourself i Mitigation A Buy the part instead of building it yourself ii Mitigation B Make sure that the power is off when working on it iii Mitigation C Not working on it by yourself 2 Measure Voltage Current a Really no risk on this part because all we need to do is buy the sensors and that should take care of it 3 Relay Control a 1 chance of Killing yourself i Mitigation A Buy the part instead of building it yourself ii Mitigation B Make sure that the power is off when working on it iii Mitigation C Not working on it by yourself 4 Send Data to Base Station a 10 chance of communication failure i Mitigation A Bring our own WIFI router ii Mitigation B Cover the receiver with foil to make it work blocks out school network Base Station IEEE Database Mobile Web Abnormal Usage Node Setup Install OS Interface Check Communication and software Figure 23 Level 1 Tier
96. ofitable gain The reasoning for this is that the cost of the entire system being close to 1500 will outweigh savings the system will do And this is primarily because heavier device loads are vampire devices that need to remain on These include freezers refrigerators and HVAC systems At the end of the month homeowners who wish to use the H E M S will depressingly yet accurately save just a few dollar and not enough to warrant an actual purchase So the only benefit gained would be environmental unless of course we re speaking of the long run 2 3 years which would save the homeowners money And the ones seeking environmental benefit are the ones already aiming to save it Off grid individuals who use PV systems or other resources for the energy need to keep track of their energy consumption because they are no longer given a semi limitless supply of energy Since they are providing for themselves they must ration their energy production and keep a careful 40 eye on it and the H E M S is the perfect product for it For electric car users knowing the exact energy consumption of the recharge would be vital as it would provide the necessary information to conclude accurate savings and electric bill cost II The Average Homeowner For the average homeowner in the United States we will divide them into three sub categories lower class the middle class and the upper class We target homeowners because renters are
97. pe of our project what societal problem we are tackling Who Team Time Allotted 7 days Design Contract A document detailing the design hardware and software of the project Who Team Time Allotted 7 days Work Breakdown Structure A document detailing the task and breakdown of the project It presents the project in a Divide and Conquer state tasking specific individuals to each task and allotting a specific time to complete it Who Team Time Allotted 7 days Project Timeline A GANTT diagram showcasing the timeline of how the project is being approached the entire task and the date they are to be completed Who Team Time Allotted 7 days 19 Bread Board Proof A demonstration that you can build the major component as soon as possible Who Team Time Allotted Week 7 days Mid Term Technical Review A demonstration that majority of your feature is done Who Team Time Allotted 4 Week 14 days End of Term Documentation A document about everything you have done so far Who Team Time Allotted 2 Week 14 days End of Term Presentation A demonstration Presentation about our laboratory prototype Who Team Time Allotted Week 7 days To make it easier to understand we provided the following table TABLE 3 FALL ASSIGNMENTS Resource Names Weekly Report 1 5 days ALL Tue 9 3 13 Sun 9 8 13 Problem Statement 5 days ALL Tue 9 3 13 Mon 9 9 13 Tue 9 10 13 9
98. piece of documentation was completed Tasks that were not done this semester were continued onto the next semester Work Breakdown Structure But of course we are aiming to get everything done this semester that we had planned We will get in more depth about our Work Breakdown Structure in the next section VII WORK BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE FALL 2013 The Work Breakdown Structure is a structural breakdown of the workload necessary to complete the HEMS project There are three primary parts to it the graphical presentation which includes the charts and the table view and then the explanation The team has categorized the project into 6 parts each with its own secondary level spawns and third level structures The first portion is a hierarchical view of the workload composed of chart A Charts Home Energy Management Utility Web Presentation NU Figure 13 Level 0 Tier and Its Corresponding Level 1 Structures Wireless Nodes Measure Voltage Send Data to Base 120VAC to 3 3VDC Sunred Relay Control Station Figure 14 Level 1 Tier Wireless Nodes and Its Corresponding Level 2 Structures Mobile Web Abnormal Usage Node Setup Install OS Interface Check Communication and software Figure 15 Level 1 Tier Base Station and Its Corresponding Level 2 Structures 11 Mobile Web Database Interface Data Insertion Extraction Structure Design Structure Design Low Power Set Device Names Configura
99. prototype perform better Hence testing is a key factor to make sure our entire prototype component meet our standards Testing is meant to reduce all bugs and errors to zero with the goal being to enhance our product Our risk assessments for the spring semester focus mostly on testing and enhancements The following are the factors the team has considered as risk mitigation 1 SMS a Text message service i Mitigation A Find a free service provider online ii Mitigation B Pay for the service just for the semester b No Internet connection i Mitigation A Consult the ECS department about it ii Mitigation B Connect a Laptop to our Raspberry Pi to tether the WIFI ii Mitigation C Take the loss of it not working 2 Project Frame a 1 chance of killing yourself i Mitigation A Power Off 39 ii Mitigation B Have someone with You when working on electricity 3 Testing Enhancing a Testing shows component is useless i Mitigation A Enhance the component to make it viable ii Mitigation B Rethink our Design Idea Contract ii Mitigation C Talk to our Advisor about the problem 4 Documentation a Really no risk here Just do the work in a timely fashion After analyzing the work hours the team spent we can conclude that the team spent most of the time working on documentation in the spring semester than the fall semester The next topic that the End of Project Document will discuss is the Market Review
100. rease the length of the current standing supply It is no surprise that our energy consumption is on the rise especially within the United States As our technology continues to evolve and become greater integrated into our daily lives we will continue to increase our consumption of energy Technology is not our biggest worries however We need a way to be able to observe our habits and fix them as we find them and that was the purpose of the H E M S B A New Perspective The societal problem of Energy Waste is a growing and troublesome issue in our world But our previous solution was too focused on the idea of educating people about energy savings We know now that people don t care enough to actually commit to saving energy There are other problems in their lives and energy waste is at the bottom of their list We need to understand that the appeal of saving energy is an illusion to consumers that would vanish as quickly as was their interest in it The advocacy and action of the energy saving should be taken care of by us the engineers The new societal problem solution is focused more on the idea of creating a foundation for future homes with the motivation of preserving energy at its core Our original societal problem solution was too narrow We believed that the installing the H E M S in a house would educate and train consumers into saving energy After looking at the infrastructure of our project we came to the concl
101. ring and controlling an entire home A computer would be needed for each node and there still would be no logical way to combine all of the data together to view total house energy consumption unless each energy reading at individual nodes were manually added together one by one This is not ideal and does not represent an efficient way going about finding this information Appendix B EMON Library Emon h Emon h Library for openenergymonitor Created by Trystan Lea April 27 2010 GNU GPL modified to use up to 12 bits ADC resolution ex Arduino Due by boredman boredomprojects net 26 12 2013 f ifndef EmonLib h define EmonLib h if defined ARDUINO amp amp ARDUINO gt 100 include Arduino h else include WProgram h endif to enable 12 bit ADC resolution on Arduino Due include the following line in main sketch inside setup function analogReadResolution ADC BITS otherwise will default to 10 bits as in regular Arduino based boards fif defined arm define ADC BITS 12 felse define ADC BITS 10 fendif fdefine ADC COUNTS 1 ADC BITS class EnergyMonitor public void voltage int inPinV double VCAL double PHASECAL void current int inPinI double ICAL void voltageTX double VCAL double _PHASECAL void currentTX int channel double _ICAL void calcVI int crossings int timeout double calcIrms int NUMBER OF SAMPLES void serialprint
102. s 2 XBee USB dongle e 1 SD Card e 1 Thermostat Other e 20 Gauge Single Core Wire e Wire Strippers e Electrical Tape e Wall Mounting Screws E Software Components The HEMS project requires a user who is familiar with the following programming languages and software It is possible to acquire and learn these by searching the web and putting aside time to master the following e MySQL Database a SQL base simplistic and powerful Open Source Software database management system used as the intermediate for the software and hardware of the system e PHP Hypertext preprocessor a user server side scripting language created for web development It is also a general programming language used by many e HTML Hyper Text Markup Language the standard system for tagging text files to create font color graphics and links to the Internet e AJAX Asynchronous JavaScript and XML interconnected web development tools used on the client side to create web pages that are dynamic with change JAVASCRIPT a programming language that is object oriented and 1s commonly used to create interactive effects on a website jQuery Mobile Libraries a mobile touch optimized web framework used to create web pages that are meant for mobile use It converts basic HTML tags into simplistic touch options PHPMyAdmin a free open source program used to manage and construct databases in one easy user interface F Software Ass
103. sertion Extraction 596 2 1 2 Structure Design 596 zz obie we meree aoa 2 2 1 Structure Design 4 2 2 2 Low Power Configuration 3 A NENE REN E HN O ac CL LLL eeemse LLL a A na rc et 2 4 1 Database Insertion Extraction 4 2 4 2 Protocol 4 2 5 Setup Install OS and Software 4 HEM3 Utility Web Interface 10 3 1 Authentication 5 3 2 Structure Design 5 Ei NN o E 4 9 rr ECL essen IA Tenango A E 4 4 Device Hookup Testing 2 25 ERI 5 1 Build Structure of Thermostat 14 6 1 Weekly Reports 1 Report 1 6 6 Work Breakdown Structure 1 6 7 Project Timeline 196 6 8 Bread Board Proof 1 6 9 Mid Term Technical Review 196 6 10 End of Term Documentation 196 6 11 End of Term Presentation 196 15 C First Semester WBS Allocation Overview The following overview will explain the details of each task the designated person who is responsible for its completion and the time frame in which the task is to be completed TOP LEVEL Lvl 0 HOME ENERGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM The highest level of the chart is the entirety of the project As stated before We are creating a home energy management system that will track and display homeowner s energy usage and provide energy saving controls to the consumer e Who The Team e Time Allotted 15 weeks LEVEL 1 Component a WIRELESS NODES The component th
104. t our members did not write themselves All we cared for were that our outputs matched our predictions with the selected input In order to reduce the ambiguity of whether our software was functioning properly or whether it was a lucky prediction we created a large number of test inputs that cover the domain functionality of our software B White Box Testing The majority of tests we conducted were white box testing Since most of our software was written by our own members we know the implementation that was used in most of our software The test cases were created according to the functionality of the software to insure it met specifications If any of the test cases failed we backtracked and traced the root of the problem within our software and provided a software patch We used test cases that covered all parts of software utilizing each and every path for the given inputs including but not limited to testing for endless loops false condition branches and if we have any dead code or code that doesn t get executed whatsoever C Mobile Website Features to be Tested a Allow users to turn off on individual devices I Testing for the functionality of the on off button checked to see if the button flicks on off We are testing for website flexibility and user friendliness If the buttons did not work the design JQuery html code needed to be checked and debugged This was done by running test line cod
105. tat 3x General Purpose Relay HVAC and Whole House Figure 40 Node Device Block Diagrams So after designing the different node devices that we will use to help us accomplish our feature set we needed a way to present our system We settled on using an A frame to house the majority of our components Throughout our first semester and part of the second all node devices were housed on the A frame Prior to the technical review in our 2nd semester we decided that to showcase the wireless capabilities of our system we needed to break out a few nodes onto their own panels We created a pair of mini A frames that each housed a wall outlet and the appropriate HEMS control hardware The following pages contain the three schematics for our node devices 33 Arduino and XBee Communication A A A A AA A A EE CSI re pede i i t i i i i LU i LU i L i I i i 5 i D 8 2N U ISA ONSTEFE i ARET RESIPYAN DIO I 33 ong i m O 3 DOVCUNENS T IOREF 12 Dour i RESET REGET Z 4 i 13 oiv 10 a4 sy y i NO au i i OND sy i VIN vi st i ND i i URS m 1 mte 1 a AD o 5 AD2IDIO i ULL rU 4 O1DIO1 XY A Q 4 ADOICHOU i 1 i MI a t XL amo ul quer Eb a ngon i oup i GND xBee 52 386 Mkz i b Author al Figure 41 Schematic For Wall Outlet Node Device 54 Logan Odell File WallOutlet sch Date 05 01 2014 Ardui
106. their Corresponding Level 1 Structures ABNORMAL USAGE CHECK 1 Send SMS a 10 chance of library access failure i Mitigation A additional coding will be written 2 Usage Algorithm a Can t think of any risk 3 Query Database a Can t think of any risk 26 NODE COMMUNICATION 1 Database Insertion Extraction a 10 chance of library access failure i Mitigation A additional coding will be written 2 Protocol a Cant think of any risk a Presentation Utility Web Structure Interface Breaker Box Authentication Structure Design Frame Outlets Electrical Wiring Device Hookup Testing Figure 26 Level 1 Tier Utility Web Interface and Presentation Structure and their Corresponding Level 2 Structures UTILITY WEB INTERFACE 1 Authentication a Cant think of any risk 2 Structure Design a Can t think of any risk PRESENTATION STRUCTURE 1 Frame a Norisk at all with the frame 2 Breaker Box Outlets a NO risk at all with breaker box or outlets because it not wired yet 3 Electrical Wiring a 1 chance of Killing yourself i Mitigation A Buy the part instead of building it yourself ii Mitigation B Make sure that the power is off when working on it 111 Mitigation C Not working on it by yourself 4 Device Hookup Testing a 50 chance something goes wrong i Mitigation A Testing everything individually 11 Mitigation B Expand on our testing
107. tion Figure 16 2 Tier Database and Mobile Web Interface and their Corresponding Level 3 Structures Abnormal Usage Check Node Communication Database Insertion Extraction Protocol Usage Algorithm Query Database Figure 17 Level 1 Tier Abnormal Usage Check and Node Communication and their Corresponding Level 1 Structures Presentation Structure Breaker Box Outlets Device Hookup Electrical Wiring Testing Authentication Figure 18 Level 1 Tier Utility Web Interface and Presentation Structure and their Corresponding Level 2 Structures 12 Thermostat Build Structure of Thermostat Code Thermostat Figure 19 Level 1 Tier Thermostat and their Corresponding Level 2 Structures DOCUMENTS Team Member Problem Design idea Outgoing Team a cred Leader Written Evaluation Statement Contract Work Breakdown z Bread Board Project Timeline Mid Term End Of Term Strucuture Proof End Of Term Figure 20 Level 1 Tier Documents and their Corresponding Level 2 Structures B Table The following is a table structure view Similar to the chart view the table view breaks the main parts of the HEMS project into smaller pieces and then breaks those pieces into another set of smaller pieces from left to right TABLE 2 OVERVIEW FOR HOME ENERGY MANAGEMENT FIRST SEMESTER WORK BREAKDOWN STRUCUTRE CET 1 4 Send Data to Base Station 596 13 2 1 1 Data In
108. to pin point our problem A Summary So overall let s return to level 1 and put all the risk assessment there We would have the following outline 27 Home Energy Management k Utility Web Presentation ds M Figure 27 Level 0 Tier Home Energy Management and their Corresponding Level 1 Structures 1 WIRELESS NODES a 10 chance of communication failure b 1 chance of Killing yourself 2 BASE STATION 596 chance of Hardware implementation failure 1096 chance of library access failure 2096 chance of communication failure with the database 2096 chance of device not showing up 1096 chance of library access failure 1096 chance of library access failure ES 3 UTILITY WEB INTERFACE a Cant think of any risk 4 PRESENTATION STRUCTURE a 1 chance of Killing yourself b 50 chance something goes wrong 5 NEST INTERFACE IN THE END BUILD OUR OWN THERMOSTAT a 50 chance in not working with the base station After taking into consideration of each branches we concluded that the base station is the part that has the most risk of something going wrong Pretty much the communication between our devices is from the brain of our operation which is the Base Station that relays everything to other component of our product 28 IX SPRING 2014 During the spring semester we needed to buy new parts to replace old parts as several devices were unusable or destroyed The team also bought new parts and servi
109. tting the button to on in normal mode but used the buttons in power saving mode and observed whether the database had updated the value of that button had been turned on 2 For each of the buttons we conducted the same test cases on the buttons for setting the button to off in normal mode but used the buttons in power saving mode and observed whether the database had updated the value of that button had been turned off 3 For the temperature slider we conducted the same test cases on the temperature settings for the normal mode but used the temperature slider in power saving mode and observed whether the database had updated the value of the slider according to the one displayed website d Interface that allows utility companies to send a flex alert to H E M S I Testing for the functionality of the flex alert checked to see if the flex alert had zip code options The flex alert was meant to be used by a utility company in case of emergency Flex alert activation should include several zip codes If not debugging was required Test Cases 1 Having a virtual box that can be control by the flex alert along 2 Able to control our frame 3 Survey on clients opinion II Testing if the flex alert was updating the database Like many other components of the Mobile Website the flex alert had to send information to a database This database was exclusive to the utility company We needed to checked i
110. tworking was operating For distance and reliability we wanted to calculate packet loss in an average sized home without the aid of mesh networking According to the census bureau in 2010 the average size of a home in the US was 2169 square feet 4 The largest home we had available for testing was 1800 square feet roughly 17 smaller than the average We felt that the added size would be aided by the addition of the mesh networking capabilities so an acceptable packet loss in our testing scenario would suffice and not warrant any change in hardware To calculate packet loss the following test environment was setup 1 The node device was loaded with an Arduino sketch that sent out a ping message at specified intervals 2 The node device was placed in one corner of the home 3 A Processing sketch that logged a timestamp to a CSV file whenever it received the ping message was loaded onto a laptop 4 The laptop was placed in the opposite corner of the home and the setup was run for two hours 5 The CSV file was opened with Excel and a VBA macro was run to calculate the packet loss We ran the tests under 1Hz 0 5 Hz and 0 25 Hz conditions to see if there was any effect on frequency In every case the packet loss was calculated to be less than 1 To test the mesh networking the aforementioned setup was taken outside The devices were set at a distance that equated to roughly 3046 packet loss An intermediate node was adde
111. uilding and developing a project that utilized a plethora of skills and documentation The most important skill gained from the course was agreed on to be the ability to operate as a unit Being able to work on a team and adapt to each other s strengths and weaknesses has been the most essential part of the project When one of the team members lacked the knowledge to implement a circuit or a multithreaded program there were those who were able to teach and apply their skills to accomplish the necessary goal It can be said that projects in a real life scenario is done through engineering teams and this course has prepared the team for this The Home Energy Management System is built on the idea of reducing energy waste through automated controls With a user friendly Mobile Website Interface that integrates mobile use and accessibility the software system of the Home Energy Management System is ready to operate at the consumer level The hardware mostly made up of the mesh system and its node works together to activate relays and send and take information as needed All of this is transferred through a base station acting as the middleman and messenger The system is now operating as one unit depending on each part to complete its piece similarly to how the team is The addition of the Market Review gave the team an understanding of how the economical side of engineering worked It taught the team the value of profit as wel
112. uit California State University Sacramento Table of Contents LINTRODUG DIONS eo 1 IL SOCIELAL PROBLEM premien ed in ed dd 1 Az The Original Societal Problem sciis na a R SEE talis ua Le o ond 3 B A New Perspect Ve ede ii ARE AE aT E said EE aaa NER Pee gt 3 MEDESIGN IDEA a iO 4 A eie e i 4 a A coco ce b tea iae eg caps s edet sapra L aa E RU Yd 5 C Hardware Top Level Desi ascii riada EAEE 7 NA O 8 Y lt FUNDINEPALLE 201 3 acetate cca ter cabal sp GLM MM stutelss qiie Le tan pecu Ra aaa 9 VL MILESTONE FALE MUS 10 VII WORK BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE FALL 2013 eere 11 A O A ateass ero a Sei tein Cosas 11 B AD apache eter ce 13 C First Semester WBS Allocation Overview eoa ded eee ee 16 VIII RISK ASSESSMENT amp MITIGATION FALL 2013 eene 24 IA UMMM ANY 3S iste cel O teo Ko esta me iot od ee ie dean 27 IX SPRING 20TA A E a a AS waves eaten Aes a EEEE 29 X FUNDING SPRING 20 lAo do 29 XI MILESTONE SPRING 2014 siii ns ads 29 XII WORK BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE SPRING 2014 eene 30 PVC Charts i NR 30 B Tables ono ee nua tie petet d ie 31 C Second Semester WBS Allocation DVI Wai as 33 XIII RISK ASSESSMENT amp MITIGATION SPRING 2014 eese 39 XIV MARKET REVIEW SPRING 2014 e otnite pet eR Pr leen QUT OPE RR 39 A Qur Target CONSUMETS 5 estie UH GO ER ENVU REA UA ESAE AR QU SANA LET NEURER Ga SE Ipae v anie din 4
113. ule 54 00 Breaker Homeline 40A 2 Pole 8 25 Breaker Homeline Tandem 15 20A 8 48 VA GAVE LOGAN 40 00 Breaker Homeline Tadem 15A 1 P 8 48 3x XBees 57 49 3 way toggle switch 1 78 Thermostat Relays 41 59 Outlet Box connect to Drywall x3 2 94 TOTAL 210 24 100A 6 12 Circuit inducer Lug BREAKER PANEL 17 64 Waleng Vang 4 x8 Plywood 10 20 Radio Thermostat CT30 47 00 16 2 6 White Cube Tap Ext Cord 1 57 Heavy Duty Binder 11 49 Female disconnect 75pk 5 37 tion Divi secon DIE 0 Porcelain Keyless Lamp Holder x 2 2 98 TOTAL 63 49 18 24 VAC ADAPTER 25 99 HOBBY LEADS ASSY 4 99 Sean O Hara PK21N4003 DIODES 1 49 1x Non Invasive Current Sensor 30A 13 99 PK21N474212VIW 1 99 1x 9V AC AC Power Adapter 10 80 PK59V BAT CLIPS 2 99 6x Plastic Enclosures 4 07 SPDT 7 9V 2L RELAY 4 97 9V 1PK ALKALINE ENERCELL x4 9 98 GAVE LOGAN 40 00 TOTAL 187 03 Complete Total Cost of Purchases at End of Fall 2013 546 02 The team has agreed to carry the purchases through until the end of the semester When the semester ends the total cost will be averaged and those who are above the average will be compensated by those who are below it The next section will discuss the milestones of Fall 2013 VI MILESTONE FALL 2013 The idea of milestones is to function as a checkpoint to visually and spiritually applaud the team for completing a significant piece of the prototype It is also meant to set goals a
114. ure slider We needed to confirm that the user can set these settings and if its user friendly If the on off buttons or slider were not working then we needed to debug the code Test Cases 1 For each of the buttons we conducted the same test cases on 71 the buttons for setting the button to on in normal mode but used the buttons in power saving mode and observed whether the website had displayed that the button had been turned on 2 For each of the buttons we conducted the same test cases on the buttons for setting the button to off in normal mode but used the buttons in power saving mode and observed whether the website had displayed that the button had been turned off 3 For the temperature slider we conducted the same test cases on the temperature settings for the normal mode but used the temperature slider in power saving mode and observed whether the website had displayed the temperature according to the temperature slider II Testing if the low power mode was updating the database checked to see if the low power mode setting data was being sent into the database Once the user had the settings complete she he simply needed to press a button called Low Power Activate some renaming might be needed for the data to be sent to the database If data was not being sent we needed to debug the PHP script Test Cases 1 For each of the buttons we conducted the same test cases on the buttons for se
115. usion that a home is a place where people come to relax not stress We fix this dilemma of stress by shifting the managing to the system focusing on automating The energy saving solution will be the responsibility of the H E M S not the consumer According to an article titled 7 Trends in Home Energy in 2013 and What They Mean for 2014 2 the ideal way to actively aid homeowner s in saving energy is to do it for them Homeowners want to come home and relax By actively forcing consumers to manage a system would only repel them from wanting it But if we appeal to the consumers wallets and their simple nature it s a much more effective method Instead of focusing on a management system we should focus on a behavioral system a system that will adapt to the homeowner and their way of life saving energy for them This is where our Design Idea comes in with a feature list that luckily was able to cater to the Societal Problem Shift The design of the H E M S System stresses automation using at its forefront a mobile website accessible anywhere with internet connection From the mobile website consumers can initiate controls to the house through a base station that communicates to a mesh system of nodes These nodes contain current and voltage sensors that calculate the power used by the devices and transfer it wirelessly back to the base station using XBees This information is then displayed on the Mobile Website for t
116. viding controls and data to the homeowners o Displays total house energy consumption o Displays individual items as percentage of total consumption o Displays temperature inside and outside the house o Allows user to turn on off individual devices o Allows user to set temperature for heating and air conditioning o Allows user to enter vacation or low power mode which will Set the thermostat to a predefined amount based on the outside temperature Turn offa preconfigured set of devices o Authentication e Utility control to send a flex alert to put all houses into a low power state The feature list can be broken down into two sections hardware and software B Software Top Level Design The software portion consists of all components relevant to the Mobile Website Interface as well as the utility flex alert The team is using a mobile optimized website as the user interface instead of an app for several reasons There are many different mobile operating systems that one would have to consider when designing an app Apple products have their operating system known as the IOS as well Google which uses the Android platform These are the two mobile operating systems that make up the majority of the mobile market The team would have to design two separate apps with different languages and functions to be useable on both platforms resulting in hundreds of more hours of research and work With a
117. wer Sensing Circuit to Analog Input Pin Al on the Arduino Step 14 Connect the green wire from the Power Sensing Circuit to Analog Input Pin A2 on the Arduino Step 15 Clamp the current sensor onto either the hot or neutral wire of the load of the wall outlet Step 16 Mount the Relay Circuit and the Power Sensing Circuit to the inside of the wall next to the wall outlet using the screws Step 17 Reinstall the outlet into the wall 2 Base Station Setup Step 1 Plug the wireless router power adapter into an AC wall outlet Step 2 Connect the CATS cable from one of the LAN ports on the wireless router to the LAN port on the Raspberry Pi Step 3 Plug in the Series 2 XBee dongle into the USB 2 0 slot on the Raspberry Pi Step 4 Insert the SD card into the SD Card slot on the Raspberry Pi Step 5 Plug in the Raspberry Pi power adapter into an AC wall outlet Step 6 Place mount the Raspberry Pi and router centered in the household ceiling preferably to avoid signal interference 48 3 Thermostat Setup Step 1 Turn off all electricity to the household thermostat Step 2 Remove the plastic faceplate from the thermostat Step 3 Remove the thermostat from the wall by unscrewing the screws on each corner Step 4 Connect the white wire to the HEAT screw terminal Step 5 Connect the yellow wire to the COOL screw terminal Step 6 Connect the green wire to the BLOWER screw terminal Step 7 Connect the r
118. y may find it more fit to spend their extra income on other less inexpensive upgrades to save on their homes such as energy efficient appliances that they may not own yet with our system being one of the last things on that list of upgrades iii The upper middle class has an average annual income of 60 000 to 150 000 5 Homeowners in this class will be our primary target as they will have the financial stability to consider upgrades to their home such as our system Because our system is one of the cheaper alternatives among our competitors we will have a greater appeal in their choices c Upper Class People in upper class income bracket have an annual income of greater than 150 000 5 Homeowners in this class will have no financial restrictions with upgrading to our system We will however have to find a way to increase our appeal to these consumers because their lack of financial restriction will entice them to our competitors who can offer 41 more features and greater support at a greater price range III The Home Developers As stated before smart homes are expanding similarly to how solar power homes are already or in process of being built to appease the demand of the consumers In the future home developers will be making smart homes to appeal more to consumers and raise the price of the house So by creating this infrastructure of our H E M S it will hopefully be appealing to the home developers IV
119. y simulating the effects of the HVAC systems which would ideally consume about 30 40 of the home On a side note if the user adds a new outlet to the system the mesh system will update the database and the website will access the database and create a new outlet within the outlet list Back Home Energy Managem Outlet 2 0 W Outlet 1 0 W Total House Energy Consumption OW 0 HEMS Logout Figure 34 Outlet Page B Thermostat Page The thermostat page covers two of the Mobile Website s features allowing users to set temperature for heating and air conditioning and displaying the temperature inside and outside the house The thermostat page contains a slider with preconfigured low end and high end values 65 85 The default value of the slider is set to the current temperature of the room this 1s done with the thermostat node and its temperature sensors Moving the slider to the indicated temperature does not set off the simulated HVAC though Below the slider are three button options heat cool and off The user is given the option to indicate if he she would like to activate either the heater or the air conditioning or turn the system off Once the user has committed to a value on the slider he she then can choose to activate the heat air conditioning or off In order to differentiate between the three in the database we designated values to each one Heat is indicated with a value of 1

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