Ilyushin IL-14-P - The X
Contents
1. Right capot 30 FO et conct including hoods skirts hatches and doors mid MY QS C Right capot On this panel there are the buttons for covering of engines and Pitots settings of brake heels under the wheels of undercarriage Gear blocks In a right lower corner there is the button Tail cargo Pass door Vo for rapid preparation of airplane to flight o pressure on which forces the closure of all hatches and uncover the engines and Pitots Fast prepare Explains of panels and devices Payload panel a ena WZ cago a 299939 co 2 660 5701 Woe recen 570 h 260 a Soo ooo 39 Togo 3 S900 _ ae 5 Bnsoe 700 Combining scheme A uoau wanna va aft witriou Ce flight 19 AC CJW ze N Hi 7 of load are EEEN conteo bee mcg TS 1 O comma c donya Hmong CHOP cumo AOD des uno S S S 3 Ss 2 o c 2 a E 5 a c Q O o 5 LL s S 18000 Bsnemnoi 17000 A 16000 4 uno 10 AA a TRIN fonemuoie ey XC _ MI t LALAN e non LRN ZZXX e 12000 LA Aa He SES Wipemporno HCAX O 10 N 12 13 10 1516 17 18 1 23 warty BHINYUEHO Npedenono nepedwas eenmgotno W V xmJyac O Distance 300 km Desired speed Wind speed 40 km h Fuel stocked The panel of load of airplane logically parts on two parts calculation of fuel and determination of load and centration For determination of necessary fuel for flight user must enter in cells under a left chart distance be2. 5 m s After the set of safe height it is necessary to pass to horizontal flight for gathering speed 190 km h In the case of engine fail after tearing away of airplane from a runway and decision to continue flight immediately feather failed engine s propeller and parry an opening out moment by pedals to equalize an airplane and gather speed in horizontal flight to 190 km h After the climb to altitude of airport pattern it is necessary to execute a return on the air field of flight executing the standard chart of approach and landing All manoeuvres are here executed with roll no more than 15 degrees If it be impossible implementation of landing on the air field of flight and further continuation of flight it is necessary to land an airplane on soil on the nearest suitable for this purpose ground 38 Special cases on flight Engine failure during climb In the case of engine failure during the climb immediately feather the propeller of failed engine and make decision about continuation flight return on on the air field of flight or to landing on the nearest air field indicated by controller At continuation of climb it is necessary to decrease the rate of climb a to 0 5 m s retaining working engine in the nominal mode The protracted thruster on on the flight mode can result in its overheat and refuse Flight and landing with one engine failed After the climb to flight level on one engine or fail was in the process of flight a cap
3. channels An autopilot is able to retain a permanent course roll and pitch of airplane long time without intervention from a pilot The panel of autopilot parts on two parts management to on course and according to the spatial regulations of airplane 1 is knob of correction of gyro compass of autopilot 2 is knob of choice course of flight L is a turn to the left R is a turn to the right 3 is knob of setting the pitch of flight D is descend C climb 4 is knob of setting the roll of flight 5 is a scale of choice of course you will pay attention that a course is specified by a mark 0 as this device is based on relative deviations from initial position 6 is a scale of gyro half compass 7 is a marker of settings of roll 8 is an indicator of current roll of airplane 9 is a marker of setting of pitch A dark blue area is pitch up black is down A scale is marked through 10 degrees 10 is an indicator of current position of airplane Work of him is analogical work with artificial horizon For work with an autopilot 1 Before its switching ON you need to combine the markers of course to set a scale in a zero roll and pitch according to the current condition of airplane 16 Explains of panels and devices 2 Turn right both faucets on the lower panel of central stand of pilots 3 On wing to manipulate pens turn for the correction of course pitch for a set climb and descend and roll for manoeuvres Fo
4. death of engine and its failure Detailer information about limiting to see in next chapters Central stand underbody 1 switches of dust filters 2 are switchers of opening and closing of skirts of hoods of engines For the complete opening it is dust filters lt vac i needed to press several times pipes downward closing upwards BRAKES 3 opening closing of oil radiators 4 is a lever of setting of stand brake 5 is a regulator of illumination in cockpit 6 1 6 it is a lever of extend and retract of landing gear Two RETRACT positions retracted and extended 7 is a lever of rejection wing flap Three positions cleaned take off position landing position 8 are handles of turning ON an autopilot 9 10 are click areas for an overhead lever 11 12 are click areas for lower For turning ON of autopilot both SUD levers are needed to turn to the right The overhead here must look downward lower to the right 21 Explains of panels and devices Panel of navigator oj 10 S 15 alia z A 5 as 50 cxorbere a ie o 10 3 150 80 PANEHCKOE DAKLO AA MTIORT N55 37 0 vel gt JAN poran b 038 38 0 5 R east lo N5 32 0 098 11 1 CADA Y DM mbop NSS 332 E038 09 1 UUW JADE 4 wages A ay oxrem El O oe ns5 s80 La 7 NA bo a a 732 WO N MUINSS 09 0 E038 1 The panel of navigator is given by possibility
5. flight prep rati ones ernn n rii Taa EEE RE A EEE A EE SREE EET AAS 28 Start and warming up of OIM a AAA AAA 30 A e a a a a a a a aaa A 32 Takeoff and DA ta aai 32 Enroute Ms 33 Descend es fas nc yar A AT 34 Esti SOS AAN an ta ne 35 Turning off tS AE i ennn vei a ai 37 Sp cial casona E a acne alec a 39 Engine Tate la ic 39 E AR os wes 41 Patlor detachment Of apra A ns 41 Check lists as vids gece nach a dean daw tds Sasa acs Caps nes ean a E A acai ees 42 SHOE PELCR SNCS OL NIG OOOO E Eo o eco eee BS 43 Short story description of airplane Short story description of airplane Thank you for purchasing new model Il 14 for X plane9 30 The airplane of Il 14 was projected in 1946 52 as development of airplane Il 12 called to replace a Li2 on air routes out of date by that time Creation of new model is conditioned the necessity of increase of reliability and by the increase of distance of flight For subsequent 30 years the airplanes of Il 14 made the considerable epoch of distant transportation creations of new air routes and mastering of arctic territories of Earth This model is called to recreate and historically reproduce this known airplane The package of Il 14 contains the detailed three dimensional model of airplane with the complete reproducing of all movable parts and their possible absence close to the real physical model of airplane with the recreation of many distinctive descriptions of the real prototype In a cockpit all devi
6. more exactly to control the position enroute through more exact devices for a navigation Devices 1 7 already examined in preceding chapters It is an aviation clock pointer of device speed barometric height indicator radioheight indicator indicator of temperature of outward air pointer of course and variometer 8 is a two pointer pointer of navigator Pointers are numbered and specify sending to the radio beacon An external scale is immobile and serves for counting out of bearings An internal scale is connected with a gyro compass the testimonies of which can be tuned by rotary course down on the right 9 is a large gyro compass with the cost of division a 1 degree 10 is a plane table of user maps Unique device allowing to open up to five maps geared up an user For creation of map it is needed in any graphics editor to prepare files in the format PNG to name them map _1 png map_2 png map_5 png and to save them in a catalog with airplane A plane table is able to open the images of practically any size however desirable it is to adhere to the followings rules 22 Explains of panels and devices l sizes of sides of image must be power of 2 that 128 256 512 1024 2048 4096 2 the largeness of picture will result in the superfluous loading on a video card that is why it is desirable to create maps not bigger than 2048 2048 There is possibility to commute maps scale them and move into a plane table by t
7. more than 200 300 RPM turn ON primers and give mixture on the left engine An engine must be dispersed to 800 1000 turns We disconnect a start lowering of switchers engine starters in neutral position Right after a start it is necessary to give a bit throttle that an engine developed necessary power for maintenance of turns but here not untwisted more than 1200 RPM Like the left we start a right engine We set both switchers engine starters in position RIGHT and repeat procedure After a start it is necessary to open slightly the skirts of hoods underbody of middle panel and warm up engines to the followings indexes temperature of cylinder heads no less than 90 degrees no more than 225 temperature of incoming oil no less than 60 degrees no more than 90 temperature of going out oil no less than 90 degrees no more than 125 On achievement of the temperatures resulted higher it is necessary to open the skirts of hoods on a maximum and hold opened during all taxiing flight and climb While engines are warmed up will engage in preparation of gauges Foremost on the panel of radio operator it is necessary to turn ON generators and commute the feed of side network on a battery for its charge on overhead panel On an overhead panel turn ON switchers of tubes Pito artificial horizons and GPK Turn ON heating of propellers and wings if necessary On the right part of panel turn ON external lamps and signal in a salon If nece
8. presence on the air field of landing On the receiver of ARK1 it is recommended to set frequency of inner beacon and turn a double pointer on UGR 1 on the course of landing On deviations of yellow pointer from double it is possible to trace deviation from a landing course On the receiver of ARK2 it is necessary to set frequency of the outer beacon station On a descend on glideslope retain speed 180 190 km h The rate of descend must make approximately 2 3 m s here Height of flight on glideslope it is necessary to control during flight of the marker stations outer marker 200 250m inner 50 60m Some airports has three markers In that case outer marker 600 650m middle 200 250m inner 50 60m 36 Procedures At the use of the landing system SP 50 it is necessary constantly to watch after positions of pointers on the device PSP 48 indicator of relative position of airplane from a course and glideslope It is necessary to aspire to that the vertical and horizontal slats of PSP 48 held out in a center In the case of their deviation from a center it is necessary to insert amendment in a course or rate of climb of flight toward the rejection of pointer For withholding of airplane to it is on course necessary to work as rolls for withholding on a height by gas of engines and small motions of steering wheel It is forbidden sharply to undertake a steering wheel for smoothing of airplane is results in losses of sp
9. regulations of pointers of radio compass and position of beacons on a map Not forget to conduct the visual looking after earth comparing a landscape to the map and controlling the position 33 Procedures On the flight level choose the mode of engines thus that to support permanent speed of flight and turns within the limits of 2000 2500 RPM The skirts of hoods probably will require half close in order to avoid supercooling of engines You can touch up mixture but doing it is necessary carefully in order to avoid muffled of engines flying tests rotined that at maximal mixture expense of fuel in 1 5 2 times higher calculation and the levers of supercharge can be set a bit higher than middle At using an autopilot small amendments in a course can be produced through a rotary turn For turns it is necessary to use jointly handles turn and roll For withholding of permanent altitude it is necessary to manipulate a rotary altitude remembering that rotation aside D corresponds descend c to getting climb Descend Beginning of descend and mode of operations of engines at a motor descend is determined a preliminary calculation by the plan of flight If for some reason a descend begins notin acalculation point but in the area of expectation it is necessary to pick up the mode of operations of engines such at which speed of level flight is remain 250 km h of airspeed At flights with passengers it is necessary
10. 35 120 222 30 54 1034 775 50 300 162 150 278 30 48 1032 774 00 30 42 1030 772 50 320 173 180 333 30 36 1028 771 00 340 184 200 370 30 30 1026 769 50 30 24 1024 768 00 400 216 220 407 30 18 1022 766 50 30 12 1020 765 00 Table of vertical speed 30 99 1918 ci 30 01 1016 762 00 m s ft min ft min m s 29 95 1014 760 50 29 92 1013 759 75 l 197 200 l 29 89 1012 759 00 2 394 400 2 29 83 1010 757 50 29 77 1008 756 00 3 590 600 3 29 71 1006 754 50 5 984 1000 5 1 29 65 1004 753 00 7 1378 1400 71 29 59 1002 751 50 29 53 1000 750 00 10 1969 2000 10 2 29 47 998 748 50 20 3937 4000 20 3 2342 996 747 00 29 36 994 745 50 29 30 992 744 00 29 24 990 742 50 29 18 988 741 00 29 12 986 739 50 29 06 984 738 00 29 00 982 736 50 28 94 980 735 00 42 Short reference of units Table of conversion feet flight levels to meters eastbound 2 7000 230 6400 210 5800 190 5200 170 4550 150 3950 130 3350 110 2750 90 2150 70 1500 50 900 30 Some standard altitudes Feet Meters Feet Meters 50 15 800 244 100 30 900 274 150 46 1000 305 200 61 1100 335 250 76 1200 366 300 91 1300 396 350 107 1400 427 400 122 1500 457 450 137 1600 488 500 152 1700 518 550 168 1800 549 600 183 1900 579 700 213 2000 609 43
11. For taxiing set levers of engines turns in a middle position Thus engines will get the additional loading and possibly it will be required to add gas An airplane must move from a place at achievement the engines of 1000 RPM and it is normal to taxi at 800 900 RPM At taxiing on the ground or grass grounds large power of engines can be required but no more than 1500 ob min Recommended speed of taxiing about 5 km h but no more than 15 km h For turns in the real airplane the separate braking of the left and right wheels of gear was used and by the serve of greater power on an opposite engine Thus forbidden one complete braking of wheels in order to avoid breakage of bar In a simulator you can use the axis of YAW for the turn of nose wheel and implementation of turns Before a taxi out on an executive start not forget to turn ON transponder on the panel of radio operator preliminary setting in it a code given by controller Once again we check up work of all devices and systems We check up the rightness of rejection of helms and ailerons set trimmer on flight position 2 5 depending on a load If necessary we extend wing flaps on flight position Take off and climb After lining up checking up readiness of airplane to flight and getting permission of controller extend and turn ON landings headlights collate the testimonies of giro half compasses with the course of runway and if necessary correct them It is necessary to set a ze
12. Ilyushin IL 14 P Passenger modification with 32 seats and ASh 82T engines Model for X Plane 9 30 User s manual Table of contents Short story description OF aplastante dada Len noia 3 Contacts an dades A IA E REA 3 Installing the model work with the plugld ooonoonnnccnocccionoconnconcnoonnconnconnnconcconnoconncnn coo ncnnn can cconnnnnons 4 Cockpit ofairpla e Td A A A e 5 Buttons Tor the call of Panel o a stones DA e 6 General view old drets 7 Explains of Panels Ad SA AAA RNE 8 M in panel MA io 8 Control panes vice MOI A Ee E E E tia 8 Payload parla A as ici 9 DESTA nET TOE PAM EEA E E T AEE as 10 Artificial h rizon AGRA smerno ia ei di 12 Aviation clock ACHS eiat isee tica 13 First flightoficers PO ads 14 Central panel cok cee ieri A OS 15 Panel of autopilot spiren a a eS 16 Pilot soyerh ad Parla 17 Panel of radio compass ELA R KO ds 19 Central stand of pilots upper Part eto 20 Central stand nds aa 21 A E A cues vhs AEE cabs teaalen vente cath cats eaves ee davaoneaees 22 ls A seay es a A ie we sana ge EEEE aa Eaa eiee eiecratsees 23 General information about an air Olan sched aso e8 a aaa ta 24 Geometacal tor A 24 WAI OMA A A A e 24 Plyino characteristics in is in a or 25 A E A AN 26 IA A voaeleavesdes ces hausosamieed ese E E E AEN A ETN ES 26 Minimum required length of RUNWAY a dll 27 Limitations ESO a a a aa a a E aaie 27 Mode OLEA e n E NA O AnS 27 Procedures A O a aaaea A AA A RE aAa Sa aca 28 Pr
13. anding approach in the process of extend of wing flaps the spontaneous roll of airplane is created follows at once not losing time on finding out of reasons of roll translate the handle of management wing flaps upwards in primary initial position heaved flaps retracted and to produce landing of airplane with the cleaned wing flaps If landing takes place at wind above 10m s extending wing flaps before landing more than on 20 not recommended and if speed of wind is exceeded by 20 m s landing is produced only with the retracted wing flaps At approaching on landing with side wind a fight against tearing down is conducted only the selection of the proper corner of forestaling which cleans up on flare before landing At stopping on landing in the conditions of the intensive icing speed on adecline after the rejection of wing flaps on a landing corner must be 185 195 km chas depending on the degree of icing of airplane At approaching on landing in the conditions of the limited visibility fog haze sinking turning on the landing lights by the commander of ship desire Produce turning ON landings lights after establishment of contact with earth In case if at turning ON of landing lights a mixing lightsheild is created headlights must be turned off The instrumental landing is produced through radio compasses adjusted on the outer and inner wireless station and systems of SP 50 course glideslope system or ILS in the case of its
14. ange something in process devices he does it on his fear and risk Authors carry no responsibility for possible harm brought in the case of bringing of the changes by user in the source code of the module devices or logic However an user always can appeal for a help by the addresses indicated higher Cockpit of airplane Il 14 Cockpit of airplane II 14 The crew of airplane of Il 14 consisted of four persons captain co pilot navigator and radio operator Each of members of crew had the workplace which are recreated in this model Model of Il 14 besides built in functions to the inherent airplanes in X plane contains the great number of additional about which it will be said below As in a simulator by only one man flies an airplane as a rule he has to play role of each of members of crew For the facilitation of access to the necessary organs of management pop up panels are foreseen in this model On them the special menus are taken away for a management these panels by a management the external equipment of airplane calculation of its load and centration Most pop up panels can be caused through the hotkeys and or buttons in a virtual cockpit This illustration shows the location of click zones areas sensible to pressure of mouse for the call to often used panels 1 call of main menu 2 call of overhead panel 3 4 call of central panels 5 call of panel of navigator 6 call of panel of radio operator 7 cal
15. ars is retracted down an gears is extended Under devices there are signaling lamps 14 Explains of panels and devices Red a landing gears is retracted yellow the gears in intermediate position green gears are extended 15 are indicators of flight over outer middle and inner markers 16 is an indicator of temperature of outward air in a range from 50 to 150 degrees of Celsius 17 are indicators of position of skirts of hoods of engines Pointers upwards skirts are fully closed downward fully opened Central panel 1 is a magnetic compass 2 are indicators of pressure in the pumps of serve of alcohol of the system of heating 3 is an aviation clock ACHS 1 4 is a control an autopilot panel More detailed work with an autopilot is described below 5 is a two pointer tachometer of engine 6 is an indicator of manifold pressure of engines 7 is a temperature of cylinders of the first star of engines 8 is a temperature of cylinders of the second star of engines AT AA E CE MN 9 is pressure of fuel on included in NAHEJb 1 NAHENb 2 WTYPMAHA PADMCTA a engines 10 is pressure of oil on included in engines 15 Explains of panels and devices Panel of autopilot TU BEFORE TAKEOFF Yv set course gyrocompas T Q D reset arretir af gyro IN FLIGHT combine indexes f turn ON autopilot gt E The airplane Il 14P is equipped an autopilot AP 45 to working on three
16. ations of engines km h 110 130 Flying limitations Maximally possible airspeed km h on descend 450 while extend landing gears and or flaps 290 Maximally possible wind speed for flight and landing of airplane m s 28 Maximally possible for flight side wind m s on bearing 90 to RWY 15 on bearing 45 to RWY 18 Maximally possible for landing of airplane side wind m s on bearing 90 to RWY 12 on bearing 45 to RWY 15 Maximally possible for landing of airplane in heavy weather side wind m s on bearing 90 to RWY 8 on bearing 45 to RWY 10 Maximal operating overload G 3 14 3 4 26 General information about an airplane Minimum required length of RUNWAY RUNWAY with artificial coverage a At take off with the use of nominal power of engines n 2400 ob min Pk 1020 of mm Hg 1100 6 At take off with the use of take off power of engines n 2400 ob min Pk 1020 of mm Hg 1000 Gravel or grass RUNWAY a At take off on nominal power of engines 1200 6 At take off with maximal power of engines 1100 Note Indicated RUNWAY in addition must have end safety strips no less than a 250m from every side of RUNWAY Minimum lengths RUNWAY certain from the terms of providing of the aborted takeoff at the refuse of one of engines on running approach to the moment of tearing away of airplane Limitations of systems Maximal burn time landings headlights on earth min 5 Maximal burn time landings h
17. cator of chosen set 4 is a large disk of set of frequency Collects hundreds of kilohertz in a range from 100 to 1200 Click areas are above and down from the center of disk 5 1s a little disk of set of ten of kilohertz in a range 00 90 click areas are on the right and on the left of center of disk 6 is rotary of the fine tuning In this realization of device collects units of kilohertz of frequencies 0 9 For set and reading of the setted frequency numbers at first read in the window of disks and to them the values of fine tune are added On a picture frequencies are set 1190 and 689 kHz 7 is indicator of tune level on the station 19 Explains of panels and devices Central stand of pilots upper part v feather o to turn on feather push the button of needed engine to turn off unpush the button to left to right fuel transer ON F ON left right gt eng eng G fuel pumps take off _ nominal ELEVATOR TRIM a a DODI anm D lt A o Ea A central stand contains the levers of management the fuel system and engines 1 2 are fire valves Recovers a fuel directly at engines Overhead position corresponds the opened valves lower it is closed 3 are the buttons of fire extinguishers in the left and right engine accordingly 4 are the buttons of feathering propellers In the case of one of engines fail for diminishing of air resistance propeller of this engine must be feather
18. ces and systems are recreated with inherent them original logic of work and refuses Most management organs accessible from a three dimensional virtual cockpit and some panels are doubled as pop up flat windows Although in this model some retreats are possible from reality author recommends to familiarize with real POH of airplane Il 14 Contacts and gratitudes Model author devices and logic is Andrey Kozyaruk Felis e mail felisleopard gmail com An author of the module of user avionics is Alexander Babichev Asso Model s author expresses the gratitude to Mel nikov Alexander Evgenievich author of site of http aviaros narod ru avio htm for given photos To Yuriy Omega and Vladislaw Blindin for technical consultation Special gratitude of Rubcov Nikolay Aphanasievich for testing model and technical consultation Nikolay Aphanasievich is former captain of Il 14 from the beginning of its exploitation to 1986 year working in governmental detachment after at the Perms airmotor factory In post war years provided the air special delivery of cabinet of ministry on the USSR Deserved veteran of Aeroflot Long years to you and salubrity Installing the model work with the plugin Installing the model work with the plugin At the purchase of model on the site of http store x plane su you got the archive of l 14_930_ENG zip To install model in a simulator you are enough to unzip an archive in a catalog with other mo
19. dels related to the general airplanes For example X plane 9 30 aircraft general Aviation This model contains the plugin module of custom avionics for rendering devices and treatment of their logic The feature of this module consists in that to install it in a general catalog for the plugins in simulator NOT REQUIRED At opening a model in a simulator the module is loaded automatically and unloads at the open of other airplane The module of custom avionics constantly develops and you can find its updates on the site http code google com p sasl under the name XAP For replacement of the module it is necessary to delete or carry elsewhere content of catalog of Il 14_930 plugins and replace with new files taken from this site Module of custom avionics and all devices and logic are open and free It means that you quite freely can use these components in the aims to change and integrate in the projects on condition of maintainance of authorship With questions for licensing it is necessary to contact to the authors see this higher As already talked higher the module is started at opening a model in a simulator However during making alteration there is not a necessity to reopen a model while coding of devices The module reacts on the hotkey of F8 pressing of which will re initialize the module It should be remembered that any errors in a code can result in unforeseeable consequences and that is why if an user will decide to ch
20. des by pilot The wing flaps of Il 14 can be produced and clean up on speed up to 290 km h At greater speed the mechanism of extend will be blocked and will not allow planes to deviate however at an overspeed with the already produced wing flaps there is probability of one tearing away of them In the case of one tearing away of wing flaps a sharp tendency appears to the roll of airplane toward the damaged wing It is in this case needed immediately to translate the lever of cleaning up wing flap in position wing flaps are cleaned and to parry a heel a steering wheel to the complete cleaning up of remaining wing flap Produce landing at the cleaned wing flaps Thus it should be remembered that covered without a wing flap has a less area and that is why creates a less carrying capacity 40 Check lists Check lists Before start the engines Before descend hatches and lids check Descend time calculated door closed engines skirts half closed fuel by desire engines temperature normal power connected Before approach inverters ON fire valves open Information for land recieved red beacon ON altimeter set stand brake ON radio altimeter ON permission for start recieved NAV ADF set permission for approach recieved Before taxi Before landing Temperature of engines normal gears extended skirts of engines open all greens generators ON flaps by desire power battery landing lights ON surface
21. eadlights on flight min 10 20 Maximal burn time taxi headlights not restrictedly Maximum turns of engines 2700 RPM no more than 30 sec Maximum temperature of cylinders of engines 250 C no more than 15 min Maximum temperature of incoming oil 90 C no more than 10 min Maximum temperature of going out oil 125 C no more than 10 min A minimum remain of fuel is in every group 401 Modes of engines Flight 2600 RPM manifold pressure 1250 power 1800 HP Nominal 2400 RPM manifold pressure 1050 power 1300 HP 0 9 nominal 2300 RPM manifold pressure 940 power 1150 HP During the flight engines turns ned to be set within the limits of 2000 2500 RPM A manifold pressure here sneaks up so that speed of flight was constant 27 Procedures Procedures Pre flight preparation As well as the real flight virtual must be begun with preparation to it It is foremost necessary to expect a route specify a weather in air ports of flight arriving and enroute to define frequencies of radio beacons and channels of air traffic control And certainly to define a commercial load and expect the necessary amount of fuel Preparation of maps Preparation for a navigator in this model is taken to the study of route to excerption of frequencies of the NDB s enroute and next to it A navigator can prepare maps for the panel of navigator Any graphics editor able to save images in the format of PNG will be required for t
22. ed by pressing of the button For the conclusion of propeller in an operating condition it is necessary to wring out the button 5 are Lamps Warners of work of fire extinguishers 6 is tumbler of turning ON pumps for pumping over of fuel in direction to the proper position of switch 7 are switches of fuel pumps Create pressure of fuel 8 are lamps indicators of work of fuel pumps 9 is an indicator of position of trimmers of helm of height For a management a trimmers it is necessary to press higher or below than this indicator 10 are levers of management fuel mixture For diminishing of consumption of fuel and increase of their efficiency engines it is necessary to pick up mixture thus that position of levers was minimum possible but engines worked to capacity here Impoverishment of mixture will result in muffled of engines 20 Explains of panels and devices 11 are levers of management the supercharge of engines Right after the start of engine a supercharge is recommended a bit to increase It is related to that at a minimum supercharge engines produce an underpower which not enough for maintenance of small turns and can result in muffled 12 are levers for a set propeller s speed of rotation Overhead position corresponds maximal turns lower minimum For taxiing levers need to be set in a midposition for flight in extreme overhead It is necessary here to remember that the too large turns of props can result in
23. eed and stall After flight edge of runway it is necessary lower a bit gas and gradually to equalize an airplane undertaking of steering wheel with such calculation that speed of touch to runway equaled landing on speed On this speed an airplane will have a noticeable corner of pitch upwards Landing is produced on base landing gears and with the smooth lowering of front gear and decrease of gas of engines It is necessary the easy and even pedaling to put on the brakes an airplane Apply the maximal braking only in urgent cases After deceleration of airplane to 5 10 km h take away wing flaps and translate engines in the taxi mode open the skirts of hoods fully Turn off and take away landings headlights and if necessary turn ON taxi lights Turn OFF transponder After taxi to the ramp set a stand brakes and put gear blocks under it Turning off the airplane After completion of flight and stop of airplane on a stand it is necessary to turn OFF its engines For this purpose it is enough to close fire valves clean mixture turn off a magneto and lighting To translate switchers of primer in lower position After the shutdown of engines turn off their generators on the panel of radio operator and disconnect all devices lamps headlights and heating on an overhead panel As soon as engines will stop pressure of oil can fall down in a breaking system that is why it is recommended to set blocks under the wheels of gears Since all is
24. f chart the so called basket of safety and crossing of lines of the got centration and mass of airplane is rotined must get in this basket Red lines are here rotin a centration taking into account a high usage fuel and dark blue without It will correspond exemplary position of center of gravity at landing when greater part of fuel will be used up After completion of calculations press to load an airplane and see how an airplane become lower on shock absorbers it s became heavier Pre flight verification An innovation in this model is a necessity of pre flight verification In the real world it is obligatory procedure and now it is in X plane 29 Procedures Open the panel of service menu opened from main menu and commuted to outer view We see here that an airplane is fully sealed up and stands on stand heels in case if an airplane was opened turned off Otherwise plugin will configure an airplane for flight Foremost we check whether all hatches 3 4 and lids are closed 2 In this model possibility of forgetfulness of surface technicians is realized and some of hatches can be opened for you on eyes It will be worse if it will happen on flight a hatch will tear off simply Also we check up pushing a door to 1 Further we check whether technological dispersers lids on engines 2 and covers on tubes Pito 3 are taken off and heels are cleaned from under a landing gear 1 Last it is pos
25. g out of block hours First pressure a timer is started second stops third throws down in a zero 2 is the button of starting of stop watch Works like the button 1 3 1s the large scale reading time Pointers hours minutes seconds 4 is a little scale for counting out of block hours Pointers hours minutes A small flag in a center symbolizes work Red a timer is started red white a timer is halted white a timer is downfaulted in a zero 5 is a little scale of stop watch Pointers minutes seconds In a sunset to sunrise a clock illuminate from beneath a green color scales and pointers have phosphoric coverage 13 Explains of panels and devices First flight officer s panel 16 oT 10 lt A TEMA Hap B034 mA J orto 100m KANOTOB ABHraTenen Most devices on the panel of co pilot like the devices of captain 1 2 are pointers of radio compass 1 and 2 according 3 is pressure of oil on an exit from engines kg sm 4 is a temperature of oil on included in engines 5 is a temperature of oil on an output 6 is Lamp Warner of flight of marker 7 is the button for the check of lamps work 8 is an indicator of landing of PSP 48 9 is gyro half compass 10 is combined artificial horizon AGK 47 11 is a variometer 12 is a air speed indicator 13 is a barometric altitude indicator 14 are indicators of position of landing gears Pointers above an ge
26. he method of Drag amp drop on a plane table Panel of radio operator 121 000 The panel of radio operator is intended for the conduct of radio contact with controllers and management the electrical equipment of airplane y ATC TCAS 1 2 sets of frequency of Coml NOT soos and Com2 Left generator Right generator 3 1s a panel of transponder 4 is lamps of generators Attention 1f lamps lites means a OT generator does not work It means that ice p Battery either a generator is turned off either aa y his engine does not work or a generator broke ranks br 510 hoe 5 are switches of generators 6 are indicators of current of generators 7 are switches of inverters For energising in a side network with different tension 36V 115V it is necessary inverters to turn ON 8 is an indicator of charge of battery Nominal tension of battery 24 volt However as far as its digit tension falls gradually At a pickoff to 19V greater part of devices of airplane becomes disconnected A battery revives only from generators and has a small capacity On earth it is recommended to use a surface power supply 23 General information about an airplane General information about an airplane Geometrical information Height of airplane overhead point of keel m 7 8 Length of fuselage m 21 31 Scope of wings m 31 7 An area covered m 100 Mean aerodynamic chord MAC m 3 412 Corner of rejection of aileron
27. heating if required permission for land recieved art horizons ns After landing se gyro half compasses ON Landing lights OFF radio altimeter ON transponder OFF radio compasses ON engines skirts open set engines temperature normal transponder set On ramp altimeter set OFF taxi lights ON aaa A gear blocks cleaned ie ae ae permission for taxi recieved QoS n poa radio equipment OFF Before take off art horizons OFF Landing lights extended gyro compasses OFF ON generators OFF taxi lights OFF heating OFF transponder mode C outer lamps OFF flaps set battery OFF engines temperature normal inverters OFF After take off landing gears retracted flaps retracted lights OFF engines mode nominal engines temperature normal altimeter after transition altitude set 760 mmHg 41 Short reference of units Short reference of units l km 0 539955 nm lnm 1 852 km 1 km h 0 539955 knots 1 knot 1 852 km h 1 m 3 28083 ft 1 ft 0 3048 m 1 m s 196 85 ft min 1 ft min 0 00508 m s Table of linear speed in Hg mBar hPa mm Hg 30 95 1048 786 00 km h Knots Knots km h 30 89 1046 784 50 100 54 70 130 30 83 1044 783 00 30 77 1042 781 50 150 81 90 167 30 71 1040 780 00 200 108 100 185 30 66 1038 778 50 30 60 1036 777 00 250 1
28. his purpose Collect to five maps cut them you will delete superfluous on edges and result in the size of sides multiple 2 128 256 512 1024 2048 4096 You remember that the largeness of image can create the considerable loading on a video card Some videos maps can have problems with processing of images the sizes of which are not multiple 2 It is necessary to save the got images in a catalogue with airplane naming them map 1 png map 2 png et cetera In case if a simulator will not find these files nothing frightful will happen And on the panel of navigator simply nothing will appear in a plane table Determination of optimum height of flight An optimum altitude is determined coming from the least expense of fuel in a climb and descend and determined on distance of flight with clarification on a flight level Real POH recommends the followings altitudes Distance km 300 600 900 Altitude m 1000 2000 3000 It should be remembered that this type of airplane was not completed an oxygen equipment and system of supercharge of salon and that is why flights 4000m is forbidden higher Load of airplane For the load of airplane it is necessary to open the panel of load keys of Shift f3 or to choose the proper button in a main menu For the input of values it is enough to call on sides from a number Clicks on the right increases a value clicks on the left diminishes As far as filling of information you will notice as
29. l of panel of autopilot 8 a show GPS device 9 hiding show of steering wheels Every panel appears in the predefined place however there is possibility to dispose them at own discretion It is for this purpose enough to click mouse in available from click zones space on a panel and to drag a panel There is the special area in a right lower corner dragging for which you can change a size and proportions of panel on the discretion Closing of panel is produced by clicking the cross in the right overhead corner of pop up window by pressure of combination of the keys on which a panel reacts or by pressure on the proper button in a cockpit or on a panel with a menu Cockpit of airplane Il 14 Buttons for the call of panels Shift F2 is a main menu of management panels and ground power Shift F3 is a panel of calculation of fuel commercial load and centration Shift F4 is an overhead panel of pilots Shift F5 is overhead part of central panel Shift F6 is an lower of central panel Shift F7 is a panel of radio operator Shift F8 is a panel of navigator Shift F9 is a panel of autopilot Cockpit of airplane Il 14 General view of flight deck On the picture rotined higher the location of basic panels of pilots and their division is represented on functionality l is an overhead panel of pilots Doubled by flat panel 2 1s a panel of captain of airplane 3 is a middle panel of pilots Aviation clock and magnetic co
30. ll Artificial horizon AGK 47 The combined device of AGK 47 consists of l is rotary knob of zero adjusting horizon 2 is the button of arrest 3 is an airplane indicator spatial position of airplane An indication is straight The roll of aircraft is represented by the turn of airplane in relation to a zero pitch by vertical motion A right roll is a right turn left left Raising of nose of airplane an indicator rises lowering goes down 4 1s an indicator of turn of airplane 5 is an indicator of sliding of airplane 6 is a flag of the arrest system For work with device there must be a power in the electric system of airplane and on the overhead panel of pilots tumbler of power of device is turned ON Pressing the button of arrest results in setting of indicator in a zero position regardless of position of airplane Attention to arrest only in horizontal flight After an arrest it is needed to push the button of arrest once again a small flag will disappear and a device will be ready to work An error can appear in the process of work in the testimonies of device for the removal of which it is needed to conduct an arrest repeatedly In loss 12 Explains of panels and devices of power a device is heaped up Aviation clock ACHS 1 An aviation clock is intended for the reflection of current time UTC counting out of block and measuring of small intervals of time l is the button of starting of countin
31. mb of height on the nominal mode of operations of engines km h 220 Rate of climb of set of height on the nominal mode of operations of engines on the most efficient speed of climb m s 5 0 5 5 Most efficient on a time to climb plane s airspeed in the climb of height on one engine screw of unworking engine is feathered on the nominal mode km h 195 Rate of climb of set of height in single engine flight on the nominal mode of operations of engine screw of unworking engine is feathered on the most efficient single engine climb rate at earth m s 0 5 0 6 Rate of climb of set of height at single engine flight on the take off mode of operations of engine at speed on a device 190 km chas screw of unworking engine of zaflyugirovan m s 1 5 1 7 Practical ceiling of airplane m 6500 The practical ceiling of airplane in single engine flight m 2200 25 General information about an airplane Speed limitations High speed of level flight of airplane at earth on the nominal mode of operations of engines km h 385 High speed of airplane on one engine on screw of unworking engine is feathered at earth km h 290 Minimum speed on planning with the fully cleaned gas and cleaned gears and wing flaps km h 125 135 Minimum speed on planning with the fully cleaned gas extended gears and wing flaps declined in landing position km h 120 125 Minimum speed is in the climb at the nominal mode of oper
32. mpass 4 is a panel of co pilot 5 is overhead part of central panel Doubled by flat panel 6 is an underbody of central panel Doubled by flat panel After the backs of pilots the workplaces of navigator and radio operator are located At a desire you can glance there in a simulator they are functional More detailed description of panels and devices see is in the next chapters of this guidance Explains of panels and devices Explains of panels and devices Main panel menu Cabin panels and gauges adv menus Refueling TES main o oi a d s and loading executed in a semilucent kind that an user was in a position to work with it and see the applied changes On a main panel the call of all panels of airplane Il 14 buttons are located including the menu of loading and service Here is possibility to show hide steering wheels and GPS device in a virtual cockpit Overhead panel As the real airplane was not completed with similar device in this model it is hidden by default The button of query of ground power is located in a right lower corner In the case of availability a ground power is connected for a few seconds and button changes a color from red to green Control panel service menu Service menu Nose hatch A service panel is executed semilucent Left pitot f Right pitot Here is possibility to open or close l E practically all opened parts of airplane Engine cap Engine cap 3 i f
33. nd with the connected autopilot it is necessary to turn off it on a altitude not below 600 meters above terrain In a table the exemplary calculation of descend is below rotined at a speed of 34 order 1 5 m s in the motor mode Procedures Airspeed For every 1000 meters of descend km h Time to descend Distance Fuel consumption min km liters 300 11 60 65 325 11 65 75 350 11 70 90 Landing Descend of airplane from the altitude of flight level strike through of cloudiness and landing approach a crew executes only after the receipt of permission to landing from the leader of flights or controller At the same time ATC reports to flight crew a barometric pressure on the air field b height of lower edge of cloudiness in meters c horizontal visibility in meters d special meteo effects on the air field rain snow storm ice storm Getting foregoing information hard over a crew must to confirm the got pressure and number of runway and begin implementation of maneuver of approach to landing on transition level to set the scales of barometric altitude indicators on pressure of the air field and report about it to the controller While approach to landing a vertical descend on a final leg is maintained calculation depending on speed of wind and chart of approach by the system In difficult weather out of visibility of earth a landing gear is recommended to extend after a fourth
34. numbers and position change on graphic arts These charts are taken from the real POH of airplane Il 14 At a 28 Procedures desire you can produce the calculations separately For the calculation of fuel from you it will be required to enter distance between air ports in kilometers This distance is calculated at navigator preparation Further we enter exemplary speed of wind enroute positive values correspond the following wind subzero to meeting Whereupon we enter speed of flight As a rule flights are conducted on speed from 300 to 340 km h but the expense of fuel is considerably increased here Flights on speed less than 300km ch is more economical And last we enter additions of fuel as a navigation supply For the calculation of commercial load a chart is used on the right on a panel This chart fully simulates calculations on the center determination chart of Il 14 Here you will require to enter the amount of passengers on rows mass of load in luggage racks mass of buffet including mass of stewardess and amount of members of crew You will pay regard to sixth row which is used only for the complete filling of salon As far as lowering on a center determination chart you add new displacement of centre of gravity to the last value Just like this and work with the real balance charts The amount of fuel on a center determination chart is taken into account automatically when you produce its calculation At the bottom o
35. o of engines Lower position is a magneto turned off aside is a magneto turned ON Intermediate positions connects only one from two magneto Areas for mouse click is out of the limits of white circle on his perimeter 17 is tumbler of switching of power closed by a red lid For opening of lid it is needed to click a mouse on the right from it Overhead position is connect the accumulator middle it is turned off lower connects a ground power supply to the plane s network As a capacity of storage battery is small during the protracted work in a cockpit on earth it is recommended to connect a ground power main panel The start of engines is recommended from a ground power batteries are used only in extreme cases 18 is a switch of light board to fasten straps in a salon 19 is a switch of heating windows 20 21 22 are switches of external navigation lights Red beacon on a tail red and green lights and strobes on wings 23 are switchers of primers of fuel in an engine It is recommended to turn on before a start 18 Explains of panels and devices Panel of radio compass set ARK 9 150 1290 4 06 50 OCHOBHOM vA On the face of it very difficult device but on work with it is very simple 1 is a switch of device For turning ON it is enough to set in position komm or pam 2 a switch of sources In this realization of device commutes sets of frequencies below Left or right 3 is an indi
36. out 2400 RPM For simplification of aviating in a climb and further to on a route can use an autopilot it is for what needed to combine on his panel markers with current position of airplane and turn both levers on a central panel An autopilot must be connected and disconnected on alt not below 600 meters above terrain As far as speed up an airplane has a tendency to pitch up that is why it is necessary gradually to drop trimmer of elevator At using an autopilot to diminish pitch En route flight At flight to en route from you all your skills will be required in using a radio compass compass and clock If before flight you prepared a route carefully flight must create no problems A few prompts At flight to NDB attentively watch after position of pointer of radio compass is must constantly remain in the direction of course indicated in your route pointer of navigator or UGR 1 On the pointer of URG 1 you can set a white double pointer on a necessary you course and watch after position of yellow pointer in relation to white If the yellow deviates to the left it is necessary to give an amendment to the left if in a right is an amendment to the right At flight FROM the NDB station operate vice versa watch after the opposite tag of pointer and at his rejection to the left do an amendment to the right On the panel of navigator at correct preparation of maps you can watch the position according to the mutual
37. r implementation of maneuver through the autopilot of AP45 it is needed to choose the desired roll and since an airplane will bend over to revolve the handle of choice of course to setting of marker 0 on a necessary course At to approaching to the necessary course fluently to clean a roll It is necessary to take into account that the autopilot of AP45 is retained by a course through the rudder and that is why appearance of sliding of airplane is some time possible Pilot s overhead panel NAV 4 re es 110 10 mM 234 150 129074 FREQUENCY 5 05 90 12 13 AVIONICS heat On an overhead panel followings switches and devices is located 1 2 are sets of radio compass 1 and 2 accordingly More detailed than see below 3 set of frequency of landing of Nav1 4 is switches of extend retract of landing lights 5 are switches of landing lights 6 is a switch of taxi light 7 are switches of heating of Pitots 8 are switches of artificial horizons 9 a switch of gyro half compass 17 Explains of panels and devices 10 is a switch of heating propellers 11 are lamps of control of heating of propellers and wings 12 a switch of TP 156 is a basic switch of device panel 13 is a switch of heating of wings 14 are switches of start of engines Overhead position starts left lower right Midposition neutral 15 is a switch of starters It is necessary to turn ON for the start of engines 16 are switches magnet
38. red that too backward or the too forward position of centerf of gravity of airplane results in worsening of its control and flying descriptions The optimum is consider a centration 16 19 MAC After completion of calculations it is necessary to press on sign Load an airplane wich will record the results of calculations in a simulator and load the model Note should be taken that a load by default for this model is load proper the empty equipped airplane with a crew air steward and by some supply of food stuffs in a buffet In fuel tanks here is the only unproduced remain of fuel Fight captain s panel 3 o 100 150 50 20m Y 0 A maApaan CCT 8 20 a0 20 ay Th 5 oe 507 0 03 o 60 A Neski TOPMOS MPABbiM mapoakkym Flight captain s panel first that you see after the load of airplane and basic work of pilot in a simulator is conducted exactly here Using and metages devices of this panel 1 is pressure in a hydraulic accumulator kg sm 10 Explains of panels and devices 2 is pressure in the brake system of the left and right contour kg sm 3 is total pressure in the hydraulic system kg sm 4 is a pointer of course A device is related to the gyro compass of airplane and is in a position of turn of scale for comfort of counting out of courses in relation to the turn of map 5 is the button lamp test Pressing will lit all lamps in a cockpit for the exposure of out of commis
39. ro on the overhead scale of gyro compass of autopilot and combine the markers of roll and pitch For the further climb it is possible preliminary to set pitch 8 degrees on autopilot We stop up brakes by pedals and fluently lift a supercharge the levers T to the take off or nominal mode and set the turns of engine by the levers P in obedience to the chosen mode We release brakes and begin running approach 32 Procedures On speed 100 km h fluently lift a front gear and increase pitch to 10 degrees We continue running approach to the complete tearing away of airplane from earth It will happen approximately on speed 145 155 km h depending on position wing flap and loads of airplane In a few seconds an airplane will pass to the intensive climb of altitude On altitude of 10 20 meters take away a landing gears and control their cleaning up on indicators on the panel of co pilot We disconnect landing headlights It is necessary to clean wing flaps parrying here diminishing of carrying capacity the small taking of steering wheel on itself Retain the rate of climb 2 3 m s to gathering speed 220 km h It is here possible to set power of engines to nominal and pass to the standard climb with the rate of climb 5 5 5 m s During the climb it is necessary constantly to watch after the temperature of engines and oil and after their mode What higher flight the anymore it will be required to give gas constantly retaining turns engines ab
40. s upwards 25 1 5 Corner of rejection of ailerons downward 15 1 Maximal corner of rejection of wing flaps 45 2 Take off corner of rejection of wing flaps 20 1 Scope of horizontal plumage m 9 25 Maximal corners of rejection of elevator up 30 1 down 17 1 Maximal corners of rejection of trimmers of elevator up 10 2 down 17 2 Height of vertical plumage from the axis of airplane m 4 512 Corners of rejection of helm of turn to the right and to the left of center 25 1 Weight information Mass of empty airplane kg 12 500 Maximal flight weight kg 17 500 Maximal commercial load kg 3000 Centration of empty airplane MAC 13 2 Maximally possible forward centration Y MAC 13 Maximally possible back centration MAC 21 Centration of knocking over on a tail MAC gt 35 24 General information about an airplane Range of optimum for flight centrations MAC 16 19 Maximal load of fuel liters 3520 Flying characteristics Speed of tearing away of airplane indicated with the retracted wing flaps km h 150 155 Speed of tearing away of airplane indicated with wing flaps extended on a flight corner 17 20 km h 145 150 Landing plane s speed indicated with wing flaps extended on 45 km h 135 140 Landing plane s speed indicated with the retracted wing flaps km h 150 Most most efficient on a time to clime plane s airspeed in the cli
41. sary to produce approximately at 5 m s on speed retaining air speed no less than 200 km h The airplane Il 14 possesses good enough descriptions on planning that gives a pilot time to find a suitable ground for crash landing At landing on ground extending a landing gears is forbidden it can result in the strong shaking and destruction of airplane To produce landing on a belly without an issue wing flap on speed 160 170 km h In case if there is a possibility to land on runway for an extending of gears pressure can be required in hydro system It is for this purpose possible on small time a unfeather one of props and give it to be 39 Special cases on flight untwisted to the complete extend of gears Then feather 1t back Before landing it is recommended to close fire valves and turn ON fire extinguishers for prevention of fire Landing gear fail In the case of fail to extend one or a few the landing gears it is necessary to conduct landing with the cleaned gears on the special grounds Some air fields are equipped emergency grass or ground runways which a bit soften a blow at landing It is necessary to conduct landing with the cleaned wing flaps on speed 150 160 km h Right after the touch of runway it is necessary to turn close fire valves and turn ON fire extinguishers on both engines for prevention of fire Fail or detachment of flaps Most frequent case of tearing away a wing flap takes place at exceeding of the speed mo
42. sible not to take away taxiing to beginning heels can be useful at the assay of engines but before taxiing do not forget about them Start and warming up of engines After implementation of pre flight verification and preparation it is possible to begin the start of engines Grant this interesting for every simmer and as far as development of simulation this procedure becomes all more difficult So it is necessary for the start of engines On the overhead panel of pilots to switch ON a power tumbler under a red disperser click for open on the right of it Upper position corresponds connecting of battery lower surface power For the receipt of surface power it is necessary to inquire it from main menu But not forget to disconnect it after a start and commuted on batteries After turning ON the ground power switch ON TP 156 on an overhead panel and inverters on the panel of radio operator Right after it part of devices will be connected gyro compasses will turn On a central panel in its overhead part open fire valves overhead position and fuel pumps 30 Procedures We check whether a stand brake lever downward is set and again passed to the overhead panel Here we translate the keys magneto in position of 1 2 and turning ON red tumbler of starters Whereupon we proceed directly to the start We set both switchers engine starters in position LEFT and watch after the turns of engines At their increase
43. sion In this model the refuses of lamps in a cockpit are not foreseen but this button will help to define the presence of power in a plane s network 6 is a pointer of air speed Testimonies in tens km h 7 is a barometric altitude indicator Two pointers shows an altitude in hundreds of meters large and in thousands little in relation to the set pressure in mm Hg Pressure is set by rotary knob at the bottom of device A little three cornered pointer after a scale is intended for calibration the device at the plant 8 combined indicator of turn and sliding 9 lights of signaling of flight over markers Green outer yellow middle red is inner After flight middle inner at presence of his in air port it is necessary to make decision about landing or go around 10 indicators of fire are in engines 11 combined artificial horizon indicator of turn and sliding AGK 47 Description of device see below 12 pointer of rate variometer of climb m s 13 indicator of position of wing flaps Overhead position of pointer retracted lower extended Degrees of rejection 14 pointer of the landing system on the ILS PSP 48 A vertical slat shows the off course of airplane horizontal is deviation from glide slope Two lights under a device signal maximum rejection and direction for a return on a course White flags indicates about absence of signals 15 gyro half compas A device is related
44. ssary ON the heating of windows here Since on an overhead panel all is ON passed to the main panel of pilots It is here necessary to include the arrest of artificial horizons pushing their right button and to wait till their setting in a zero Wait a few seconds to the final stop of indicator and will disconnect an arrest artificial horizon must remain in a zero position On altimeter set pressure given by controller or pressure of the air field combining both pointers with a zero It is necessary to include a radioheight indicator by pressure on the button on the left down from a device We set frequencies of radio compasses and landing system 31 Procedures Taxiing Before the beginning of taxiing it is necessary to pick up fuel mixture Move the levers of M on a central panel toward impoverishment until an engine will not begin to diminish turns It is at this juncture necessary a bit to heave up mixture It is possible to test engines giving them complete gas and to check whether the turns of value of 2700 RPM arrive at however it should be remembered that even on a stand brake and small propeller s pitch an airplane can not hold out in place That is why long retaining maximal turns is impossible in order to avoid move an airplane It is better to conduct the assay of engines at the set blocks however before the beginning of motion it is necessary to check whether they are cleaned If necessary turn ON taxi headlights
45. tain makes decision about further continuation flight Flight is here possible in two variants with the small sliding toward an engine on but on an even wing or without sliding but with a small roll toward an engine on At flight on an even wing and without sliding an airplane has a tendency to the smooth course changing toward an unworking engine Attention To use an autopilot in the case of engine fail is forbidden A descend and approach on landing is produced in the regular mode but at limitation of rolls to 15 degrees Landing on one engine is produced without wing flap on speed approximately 150 170 km h Thus before a touch it is necessary to equalize an airplane along the axis of runway The further taxiing is possible only through a tug Landing with both engines failed In the case of failure both engines follows immediately feather propellers by pressure on the red buttons on a central panel and fluently pass to planning Here it should be remembered that generators work only at engine ons and in the case of their fail an airplane is deprived power It is recommended to disconnect heating of external details all electric devices except for artificial horizon radioheight indicator and possibly transponder To use headlights and navigation lights follows only as a last resort The feed of battery will last a few minutes only The further aviating will have to be conducted by visual only Descend on planning it is neces
46. to hold the rate of climb of decline of 1 5 2 5 m sek but more than 3 not m ss but speed on a device during a motor decline not higher 350 360 km h in quiet air and not higher 300 km h in the conditions of moderate bumpiness Turbo speed of airplane is if necessary assumed on a descend but no more than 450 km h of airspeed In transition on adescend with the increase of speed of flight it is necessary some more to cover the skirts of hoods Supercooling of engines can happen on a descend if fully to clean gas Rk 350 400 mm Hg but it is not recommended because speed up of engines can become worse from supercooling of cylinders and pelting of candles by oil At a descebd in the condition of low temperatures of outward air it is necessary to spare attention the temperature condition of engines shutting out cooling of heads of cylinders below 120 C and incoming oil below 50 C If the temperature of heads of cylinders and oil at this mode of descend has aspiring to the further lowering recommended for heating of engines periodically to do horizontal flights translating an airplane in the mode of level flight At the high temperatures of outward air on the air field of landing with the purpose of diminishing of temperature condition of engines during taxiing it is recommended on adescend to chill engines to the temperature of heads of cylinders equal 150 160 and to lower the temperature of oil to plus of 50 60 C At adesce
47. to the gyro compass and has rotary knob for fine tune 16 combined pointer of giro and radio compass 1 An external scale is intended for counting out of bearings internal related to the gyro compass and serves for counting out of course corners A yellow pointer specifies sending to the beacon station at presence of signal from it in the case of no signal a pointer moves chaotically following by noises in an atmosphere at the turned off receiver of radio compass stops beating in the last position A double white pointer is 11 Explains of panels and devices revolved by knob on the left below of a device and serves for setting of course of flight or landing 17 pointer of radio compass 2 A needle is specified by bearing on the wireless station 18 radio altitude indicator For power ON this device the turning button serves on the left down the ON sign turned to horizontal position A device is able to count off a height above a terrain or water under aircraft within the limits of 0 1200m or 0 120m Switching of ranges is the overhead right turning button 19 20 indicators of remain of fuel in the right and left group of tanks accordingly An indication is in liters limit of measuring of 16001 lights under devices signal remain of fuel less than 2001 in the proper group 21 lamp indicator of marker receiver Catches fire at flight above any marker A sound signal is thus included be
48. turn after reaching on a final approach After the extend of landing gear decrease speed of flight from 250 to 220 km h and to commute a radioheight indicator on the range of small heights Speed 220 km h without extending of gears saved to the approach on visual flight Wing flaps as a rule to extend after passing to visual flight At landing in difficult weather on the air field limited icing up or wet for providing of exact calculation of landing extend wing flaps in the beginning on 20 right after the issue of gears to produce a descend on speed 220 km h Further extend of wing flaps to carry out after an output on visual flight If to establishment of reliable visual contact with the fires of the runway lights or other ground objects to on course landing signaling of radioheight indicator worked it 35 Procedures is necessary immediately to begin a manoeuvre on a care on the second round At the visual approach for landing on the small circle landing gears to produce before the third turn After the issue of landing gear speed of flight must be decreased to 225 230 km h On this speed to produce the third and fourth turns After a fourth turn speed to decrease to 200 km chas and retain it to the moment of rejection of wing flaps On height of a 100 m to decline wing flaps on a landing corner After the extening of wing flaps decrease speed to 180 185 km h As a rule it is necessary to extend wing flaps fully Warning If at l
49. turned off disconnect a storage battery setting a switch in a midposition and closing a disperser Open a passenger s door for their exit Flight is ended 37 Special cases on flight Special cases on flight Engine failures Refuses of engines not such rare phenomenon in an aviation To them a pilot must be ready always and in good time to react on a change on wing of airplane We will consider a few typical cases Engine failure during take off An engine failure on take off can happen on a few reasons overheating critical turns hit in the covey of birds and so on In the case of engines failure before raising of front gear it is necessary immediately to clean gas and halt flight On speed no more than 130 km h extend wing flaps on a maximal corner for the increase of head resistance of airplane and apply braking In the case engine failure after raising of front gear but to tearing away of airplane from a runway a commander makes decision about continuation of flight or its stopping In case if length of runway allows to halt in flight it is necessary immediately to clean gas drop a nose and apply braking with an extend wing flap on a maximal corner In the case of decision to continue flight it is necessary to parry an opening out moment toward an unworking engine by pedals set feather of stopped propeller and fluently produce flight Speed of tearing away here can be higher ordinary and time to clime a no more than 1
50. tween air ports estimate speed of wind enroute desired speed of flight and stocked fuels over a calculation The input of values is produced by pressing a mouse on the left and on the right from number by pressing on the left will decrease the number on the right will increase Speed of wind longitudinal constituent is specified relative course of flight Positive values are the following wind subzero meeting Stocked fuel determined from the calculation of expense of engines on earth including warming up and taxiing 160 l h on both engines but no more than 80 liters and navigation supply 550 1 h on two engines but no less than 55 liters For determination of load and centration the right chart of panel is used Here user must enter the amount of passengers on rows in a salon load of luggage racks use of cloak room in winter time the number of passengers will be represented including weight of buffet air steward and amount of members of crew Pay regard to Explains of panels and devices 6th line chart it is used only in the case of the complete filling of salon The result of calculation is an amount of fuel in litres flight mass in kilograms and centration of airplane in of MAC mean aerodynamic chord Crossing of red lines on a nomogram corresponds a load and centration of airplane taking into account a fuel dark blue without an account supposed load at landing after making of fuel It should be remembe
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