SNIA Power Meter Workshop
Contents
1. EP Power Meter Workshop Current Sense Voltage Sense Analog to Digital Converter ADC Analog to Digital Converter ADC Zero Crossing Detector Analog to Digital Converter ADC Bit resolution The Higher the Bit count the greater the Voltage and Current measurement resolution 8 Bit ADC 256 increments at 300V range 1 172V resolution e 10 Bit ADC 1024 increments at 300V range 0 293V resolution e 12 Bit ADC 4096 increments at 300V range 0 073V resolution e 16 Bit ADC 65536 increments at 300V range 0 00458V resolution Power Meter Basics If Voltage and Current Waveforms were pure sinewaves and loads were pure resistive the power measurements could be simply taking the Peak voltage and peak current x 0 707 to create the Vrms and Irms and the multiply the 2 together Power pft Voltage v t Current i t Inductive Load Resistive Load True Power or Watts Vrms x Irms x cos Vrms Vpk x 0 707 Irms Ipk x 0 707 COS 0 or PF W Vrms x Irms Ex 120Vrms x 10Arms x 0 9PF 1080W Power Meter Basics Sample Rates Real world voltage and current waveforms are seldom sinusoidal Digital Power Meters Sample Rates are critical to accuracy oample rate of approx 1024 N samples per second equates 1 to approx one measurement n every millisecond and only 20 measurements per cycle at Kr 893 isis gt 2012 At 800HZ it equates to 12. Crest Factor max imum of 1 1 I THD amp Harmonic value VS V x 100 1 7 the subscript n indicates the range of A harmonic which 1 2 3 4 100 IGI Aer x 10096 1 V the subscript n indicates the range of harmonic which 1 2 3 4 100 NE Typical use of a Power Meter lor Power oupply Efficiency testing Power Supply Testing AC input DC output AC Source DUT DC Electronic 6400 6500 Power Supply JL Loads 61500 61600 LT AC input 6310A 6330A 61700 DC output 63600 63200 am cuzo oo SS Typical use of a Power Meter for Power Supply Efficiency testing Efficiency Pin x 100 Pin Vrms x Irms x cosg Pout Vdc x Ide EX Output Power Pout 100W Vrms 115V Irms 1A lt 0 87 Input Power Pin 120W 100 120 x 100 83 Digital Power Meter 66203 66204 for 3 phase 66202 for 1 phase AC Source 6400 6500 61500 61600 61700 SNIA Emerald Work load Computer for test data collection Manual Operation of Power Meter Chroma 66202 DIGITAL POWER METER mopeL 66202 20mm 2 8 04 2mm 0 1 0 2 mm 0 01 Manual Operation of Power Meter Chroma 66202 hrorne DIGITAL POWER METER 66202 p Ded po Manual Operation of Power Meter Chroma 66202 Display 1 for Vrms Vpk Vpk measurements
3. SNIA Power Meter Workshop SNIA Emerald Training SNIA Emerald Power Efficiency 1 E Measurement Specification for use in EPA ENERGY STARS TM July 14 17 2014 Green Storage Initiative Emerald SNIA Hands On Power Meter Workshop presented by Chroma System Solutions Inc from DIGITAL POWER METER 66202 Work Shop Overview Power Meter Basics Manual Operation of Power Meter Remote Interface and Software operation of Power Meter External Current Sensors Shunts amp Current Transformers AC Source requirements for consistent and compatible measurements Q amp A Lief Git DIGITAL POWER METER 66202 Power Meter Workshop Power Meter Types Analog Power Meter sss Measured only Voltage Current Frequency Power Energy rm e Good for a Sine wave voltage and current Limited toa specific power voltage and freq range Digital Power Meter Extended measurements to include Voltage Current Frequency Power W VA VAR Surge Current Energy Joules Whr Harmonic Distortion Power Factor Crest Factor e Improved accuracy for Non Sine wave voltage and current Power Analyzer Includes DPM plus high speed waveform analysis for Phase Angle and distortion and higher frequency measurements Power Meter Workshop Power Meter applications Power Measurements for Energy Consumption Joules Whr e A
4. Display 2 for Current Irms Ipk Function Key for Display 1 2 and 3 Indicators for GO NG Pass Fail Rmt Shunt Limit Meas IS trg Display 4 for PF CFi THDv THDi Freq Energy Indicators for Key for Display 4 PF Cfi THDv THDi E KJ Display 3 for Watts PF VA and VAH Voltage Range selection button Current Range selection button Setup Button Trig Enter Power ON OFF Manual Operation of Power Meter 66202 er CAT I ALLINPUT 500Vrms CONTROL SIGNALS FUSE 1A 250V 500Vrms VOLATGE RANGE o 90 to 130V 180 to 250V Ts Manual Operation of Power Meter Chroma 66202 Current Sense Connections Control Signals Connector USB Connector GPIB Address Select switch GPIB Voltage Sense Connectors Input Voltage Select Switch 120 240 Input Power connection IEC 60320 1 Input Power Fuse Eu Control Signal 2 Pin Definition _ Pin Definition _ Pin_ Definition il a ls Trigger H ee A Limit Trigger Connection Figure A 1 shows the connection of Limit Trigger 66201 66202 Power Meter defines the Limit Trigger as falling edge trigger Ground the 8 pin can trigger it The trigger is same as pressing Trig Enter on the front panel DIODE IK Pin 8 Limit Trig DIO
5. 0 2 0 5 2 5 20 Arms Frequency Range DC 15Hz 10kKHz Support different wiring configuration power measurement 1P2W 1P3W 3PSW 3PAW oupport external shunt and CT for higher current measurement application 5 mA minimum current range amp 0 1mW power resolution Meets ENERGY STAR 62301 measurement requirements Inrush current and energy measurement Voltage Current harmonics measurement up to 50 orders Chroma DIGITAL POWER METER 66204 Source Power Supply or Source Power Stages Linear type a transformer on output high impedance A D Power D A Power A D Power D A Power Stage A D Power D D Power D A Power Stage Stage 1 No low frequency transformer lighter than others 2 otandard PFC input save power and less interference to main 3 No transformer on output low impedance 61500 61600 Softpanel Function Report Function Data Recording stored n a File 615 616 Series SOURCE Report Function Report Path amp File Name 9 pvc SOURCE 504 test txt Browse Report Record Parameters Selection valtagei RMS Frequency Hz Current A Power PF v Report Record Timing Control ve 5 Time interval Sec dde IP Record Total Time en n A A Jj HH 0 MM 0 55 M wa VAR chromausa com 61500 Source Functions for Trans ent Outpu
6. 25 measurements per cycle Ky In the example waveform the Peak current would be missed Chroma 66202 Sample rate is 240K Samples Sec yey 4V Mi FV EV RMS Power Meter Basics Harmonic Distortion Measurements for a specific harmonic Digital Power Meters use DSP s for a digital equivalent of a Digital Bandpass Filter to extract the voltage and current at a specific harmonic Then measured using the RMS measurement algorithms for RMS Voltage and RMS Current at each Harmonic gt Fundamental Frequency Waveform Third Harmonic Waveform Distorted Waveform 25 stop bandwidth arithmetic center Attenuation dB pass bandwidth BandPass Filter Graph Zero Crossing Power Meter Basics Cosine 8 or Power Factor Measurements Voltage v t j Current i t Power Factor the Cosine of the Phase angle of the current versus voltage waveforms or cos Cosine of t1 t2 x 360 Ex Cosine 0 002Sec 0 0166Sec x 360 0 726 t1 t2 Power Meter Basic s Harmonic Distortion Resultant Current distortion affects the power Square wave system and distribution equipment It may directly or indirectly cause the destruction of loads or loss of product From the direct perspective current distortion may cause transformers to overheat and fail even if they are not fully loaded dd Conductors a
7. DE 4 Figure A 1 Connection of Limit Trigger s m i m 0208 4 p s E un Rn gt 2 External Current Transformer amp Current Shunt Hi indicates primary Power Line current direction Current Direction Test Circuit lo 1 Turn Primary Red Black Software for Power Meter Chroma 66202 Voltage Trigger Level A Mode fe WHr Inrush Current Delay mS shunt Time mS Refresh Time S Waveform V hd 200 0 6 150 100 V oltage V Saft Panel Version 1 04 FAN Version Chroma 66202 01 41 vua un Refresh All Irms w v GO NG Trigger GONG Setting Time s Trigger On Status Time Remaining S EE X Software for Power Meter Chroma 66202 Harmonic Measurement Panel vi Regulation Para V Para 0 026 m value Percent 0 022 o 0 018 0 016 0 014 0 012 Class D Parameters 0 01 Measured 0 008 Keyin V alue A Measurement Stable Transient F Hz 0 3131 Soft Panel Version 1 04 Voltage Table Voltage Graph SEELE BE 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 25 Measure Start V Fund V chromausa com Voltage Range 15 30 60 150 300 600 Vrms Current Range 0 005 0 02 0 05
8. ccurate measurements for manufacturers products to meet various energy standards Note a printer left on in standby mode can consume 408Kwr per year A refrigerator 20 can consume as much as 1700Kwhr per year 1Whr 2 3600 Joules Power Measurements to determine Efficiency New Standards and Guidelines have increased the need for Power Meters due to power conservation e Energy Guidelines for improved efficiency from NREL DOE IEC ISO CEC Energy Star Measurements for Harmonic Distortion THDv amp THDi e Utilities concern that distortion causing stress on the grid 5 hardware e Concerns of Consumers equipment affected by Noise and Harmonics generated by devices connected to the grid including EMI Power Meter Workshop Power Meter Measurements Power Meters should have the ability to measure or extract the following e Voltage RMS Voltage Peak and continuous e Current RMS Current Peak and continuous ourge Current Instantaneous e Power Factor e Crest Factor e Watts VAR Energy Whrs Joules THDv And all measurements should have Accuracy better than 196 With Sample rates greater than 100Khz Power Meter Requirements per Energy Star 6 0 for Computers Power Meter Power meters shall have the following attributes 1 Current Crest Factor a An available crest factor of 3 or more at its rated range value and b A current range of 10 milliamperes or le
9. nd conduit systems can also 3rd to 15th overheat leading to open circuits and downtime Fundamental vrac sols OMA YOO Power Meter Basics With Digital Signal Processors many other parameters can be calculated using internal embedded Firmware and Algorithms based on Voltage Current and time measurements Measurement Parameter Computing Equation True rms value Power Meter Basics Algorithms like these use the Voltage Current and Time measurements to determine more complex values Mean value Energy Wh or Joule 1 T 5 v t i t dt T is a setting integration time by user f v t i t dt T is a setting integration time by user Frequency Zero crossing detection Integration W Power Meter Basics Algorithms like these use the Voltage Current and Time measurements to determine more complex values The maximum sampling value of the positive half wave of v t during two continuous cycles Absolute value of the maximum sampling value of the negative half wave of v f during two continuous cycles The maximum sampling value of the positive half wave of i t during two continuous cycles Absolute value of the maximum value of the negative half wave of f during two continuous cycles Power Meter Basics Algorithms like these use the Voltage Current and Time measurements to determine more complex values
10. ower sources like UPS l Current unbalance Input rectifier may be damaged 2 Input transformer saturation DC current Using AC Source AC DC mode to s mulate Without DC component With DC component Joe Thank You System Solutions www ChromaUSA com
11. ss 2 Minimum Frequency Response 3 0Khz 3 Minimum Resolution a 0 01W for measurement values less than 10W b 0 1W for measurement values from 10W 100W and 1 0W for measurement values greater than 100W 4 Measurement Accuracy a Power measurements with a value greater than or equal to 0 5W shall be made with an accuracy of less than 296 b Power measurements with a value of less than 0 5W shall be made with an accuracy of less than 0 01W 2 at 0 5W Power Source Requirements per Energy Star 6 0 for Computers Table 1 Input Power Requirements for Products with Nameplate Rated Power Less Than or Equal to 1500 watts W Maximum Voltage Total Frequency Voltage Tolerance Harmonic Tolerance Distortion North America Taiwan 119 volts 1 0 60 hertz 1 0 96 V ac Hz Europe Australia New Zealand 230 V ac 1 0 96 1 0 96 Table 2 Input Power Requirements for Products with Nameplate Rated Power Greater Than 1500 W Maximum Voltage Total Frequency Voltage Tolerance Harmonic Tolerance Distortion North America Taiwan 115 V ac 4 0 96 60 Hz 1 0 Europe Australia New Zealand 230 V ac 4 0 1 0 Power Meter Workshop Digital Power Meter Voltage Current Sense Sense Analog to Digital Analog to Digital Converter ADC Converter ADC Zero Crossing Detector Digital Signal Processor DSP Memor Embedded Firmware with Algorithms
12. t LIST Program output waveform sequence by Always show one comt simulation wavetonm es SIM WaveformB SIN Voltage Range 300 Sequence 1 sequence 2 Sequence 3 Sequence 4 Always show one count smulatior wavebortri SIN N Voltage Range xm Sequence 1 Sequence 2 TE m chromausa com gr 61500 AC Source Functions for Transient Output PULSE Mode Insert a waveform into normal voltage Time remainingls j 300 200 100 100 200 300 waveform SIW Waveforme SIN Voltage Range 300 Time remaining 150 100 a 50 100 150 W aveloarmm SIN Waveform SIN Yoltage Range 300 chromausa com 61500 AC Source Functions for Transient Output STEP Mode Change from an initial voltage to destination step by sten Output voltage Time Femaining 125 100 Waveform SIM wwWavelormmB SIN Voltage Hanae 300 Output v altagetsrms Time Femaining 125 100 waveform SIM Wavetormb SIN Voltage Range 300 lransient Output with High Voltage 2 units of AC Source with synchronizing signal Use 3 phase Mode 61500 61600 as the Master 61500 as the Slave 220V with 400V 0 5s transient lm Master Fixed Mode 220V Distorted Waveform Different kind of distorted waveform Harmonic Distortion Interharmonic Distortion chroma
13. usa com Regulat on for Distorted Waveform IEC 61000 4 13 Harmonics Interharmonics including mains signaling at AC power port immunity tests Curve Sweep Oyer Swing Rigs chromausa com 61500 s Functions for Distorted Waveform SYNTHESIS Edit harmonic components Amplitude amp Phase of 40 orders to synthesize a new waveform 50 60Hz en 2 10 11 20 21 30 31 40 Voltage B jp 00 0 ji 1 E AERE 80 MEET NETS 1500 3 Mur Jp Wavetomd SIN Naveform SN Voltage Range 300V TCI MN If arem 61500 s Functions for Distorted Waveform INTERHARMONICS Add a sweeping frequency component 0 01 Hz 2400 Hz on a normal voltage Time s 0 9939 93 Fin Start Hz Fin End Hz 1000 ps 1500 1000 1500 7 70 4 70 500 _ 500 _ 2000 2000 20 207 b 2400 1 2400 00 120 61500 s Functions for Distorted Waveform WAVEFORM EDITOR Edit waveform by harmonic orders on softpanel send the data and save to User Waveform of AC Source f Waveform save postion tye TN LN 1 HL a 1 000 chromausa com _ DC Component of Power It contains DC component on some AC p
Download Pdf Manuals
Related Search