Artisan Technology Group is your source for quality new and
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1. A rtisan Artisan Technology Group is your source for quality Technology Group new and certified used pre owned equipment FAST SHIPPING AND SERVICE CENTER REPAIRS WE BUY USED EQUIPMENT DELIVERY Experienced engineers and technicians on staff Sell your excess underutilized and idle used equipment TENS OF THOUSANDS OF at our full service in house repair center We also offer credit for buy backs and trade ins IN STOCK ITEMS www artisantg com WeBuyEquipment 7 EQUIPMENT DEMOS HUNDREDS OF InstraV ea REMOTE INSPECTION LOOKING FOR MORE INFORMATION MANUFACTURERS Remotely inspect equipment before purchasing with Visit us on the web at www artisantg com 7 for more our interactive website at www instraview com 7 information on price quotations drivers technical LEASING MONTHLY specifications manuals and documentation RENTALS ITAR CERTIFIED CEP BAD tia Contact us 888 88 SOURCE sales artisantg com www artisantg com PCM DAS16D 12AO ComputerBoards Inc Revision 2 March 1999 Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com LIFETIME PRODUCT WARRANTY Every ComputerBoards Inc product is warranted against defects in materials or workmanship for the life of the product to the original purchaser Any products found to be defective in material or workmanship will be repaired or replaced promptly LIFETIME HARSH ENVIRONMENT WARRANTY Any ComputerBoards2. 105 mA max 90 mA typical 130 mA max 0 to 60 C 40 to 100 C 0 to 90 non condensing 20 Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Appendix B ELECTRONICS AND INTERFACING B 1 VOLTAGE DIVIDERS If you wish to measure a signal which varies over a range greater than the input range of a digital input a voltage divider can drop the voltage of the input signal to the level the digital input can measure A voltage divider takes advantage of Ohm s law which states Voltage Current Resistance commonly V IR and Kirkoff s voltage law which states The sum of the voltage drops around a circuit will be equal to the voltage drop for the entire circuit Implied in the above is that any variation in the voltage drop for the circuit as a whole will have a proportional variation in all the voltage drops in the circuit A voltage divider takes advantage of the fact that the voltage across one of the resistors in a circuit is proportional to the voltage across the total resistance in the circuit SIGNAL 4 A HIGH R1 V1 A D BOARD SIGNAL Vin HIGH INPUT VOLTS A v2 R2 Vout SIGNAL A D BOARD LOW y y LOW INPUT gt SIMPLE VOLTAGE DIVIDER Vin _ _R1 R2 Vout R2 The trick to using a voltage divider is to choose two resistors with the proper proportions relative to the full scale of the digital input and the maximum signal voltage The p
3. bit or both versions of InstaCal Select the 32 bit version unless you intend to use a 16 bit application or library to con trol your data acquisition hardware If you are installing from the Universal Library disk set the Installation Options dialog box also presents options to install exam ple programs for each language supported Select the appropriate example programs for the language you will be using 2 1 3 FILE DEFAULT LOCATION InstaCal will place all appropriate files in C CB If you change this default location remember where the installed files are placed as you may need to access them later 2 1 4 INSTALLATION QUESTIONS At the end of the installation process there will be a series of questions unless you have knowledge to the contrary simply accept the default when prompted 2 1 5 INSTALLATION COMPLETION After the installation of InstaCal is complete you should restart your computer to take advantage of changes made to the system 2 2 INSTALL THE PCMCIA CARD Your PCM card is completely plug and play There are no switches or jumpers to set prior to installation in your computer Simply follow the steps shown below to install your PCM hardware 1 Insert the card into a free PC Card PCMCIA type II or II slot You do not have to turn the computer off The system is designed for power on installation Shown here is a PCM card case looking into the connector which is inserted into the PCMCIA slot of your computer The KEY hel
4. impedance Absolute maximum input voltage ANALOG OUTPUT SECTION D A convertor type Resolution Number of channels Ranges Offset error Gain error Differential nonlinearity Integral nonlinearity Monotonicity D A Gain drift D A offset drift D A pacing Data transfer Throughput post process calibration Slew Rate Current Drive Output short circuit duration Output coupling Output impedance Miscellaneous Channel crosstalk ADS7804 12 bits 10V 5V 2 5V 1 25V 0 10V 0 5V 0 2 5V 0 1 25V Programmable internal counter or external source Ext Trig External hardware software Ext Trig From 512 sample FIFO via REPINSW interrupt or software polled Bipolar Unipolar 8 Differential 10us 100ksamples sec 1 LSB 1 LSB 1 LSB 160ppm C 150ppm C 10V 72dB 200nA 10Mohms 15V LTC1446 12 bits 2 Voltage Output Single ended 10V 5V each channel independently programmable 1 LSB 1 LSB 0 5 LSB max 5 LSB max 2 LSB typ Guaranteed monotonic over temperature 0 1 LSB C 15uV C Software Software System dependent 0 5 V us 2 mA Indefinite 12mA DC 200 ohms open loop Double buffered output latches 1 LSB max Output inverted 0 code FS 4095 FS Noise Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com lt 3 LSBs 19 COUNTER SECTION Counter type 82054 Configuration 3 down counters 16 bits eac
5. induced in the other the input only measures the difference between the two leads and the EMI common to both is ignored This effect is a major reason there is twisted pair wire as the twisting assures that both wires are subject to virtually identical external influence The diagram below shows a typical differential input configuration To MUX amp A D CH_Low LL GND vo Connector Differential Input To MUX 8 A D gi Vem Vg2 Vg1 92 Common Mode Voltage Vem is ignored by differential input configuration However note that Vcm Vs must remain within the amplifier s common mode range of 10V Differential Input with Common Mode Voltage 10 Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Before moving on to the discussion of grounding and isolation 1t is important to explain the concepts of common mode and com mon mode range CM Range Common mode voltage is depicted in the diagram above as Vcm Though differential inputs meas ure the voltage between two signals without almost respect to the either signal s voltages relative to ground there is a limit to how far away from ground either signal can go Though the PCM DAS16D 12A0 has differential inputs it will not measure the difference between 100V and 101V as 1 Volt in fact the 100V would destroy the board This limitation or common mode range is depicted graphically in the diagram below The PCM DAS16D 12A0 c
6. must also avoid potentials between signal ground and chassis ground on your computer If you are using a laptop and are on battery power the computer is floating with respect to earth ground but if the laptop is on the charger unit or on wall power the laptop may be grounded Whenever the computer is grounded you must connect signals so there is no potential between PC ground and signal ground If there is a potential it will be added to the signal For example if your PCM DAS16D 12A0 is supplying 3 5 volts and there is a potential of 1 5V between the PC and the sensor ground your device under control will be reading 2 0V instead of 3 5V 6 2 2 OUTPUT VOLTAGE RANGES There are two possible output voltage ranges Each DAC may be controlled independently meaning that each DAC may have a different range The output voltage range is controlled by software and may be selected via the Universal Library To learn about controlling the outputs of the DACs please consult your software manual either UniversalLibrary for programmers or your appli cation user s manual The available ranges are Range LSB Step Size 5V 0 00244 V 10V 0 00488 V 15 Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com 7 VO Connector Pinout The I O connections are made through a 33 pin miniature connector We recommend you connect your field wiring to our CIO MINI37 or CIO TERMINAL screw terminal accessory b
7. named instacal exe in your installation directory and double click ing it You can also run InstaCal by going to your Start Menu then to Programs then to ComputerBoards and finally choosing InstaCal 16 If you have a PCM board inserted in a PCM slot in your computer InstaCal displays a dialog box titled Add PCM Card Select Yes The next dialog box allows you to select a board number Choose the default 0 if no other cards are already installed or select a board number You can now select the Install menu using the mouse or the letter I on the keyboard to view or change the configuration of the board 2 4 TESTING THE INSTALLATION After you have run the install program it is time to test the installation The following section describes the InstaCal procedure to test that your board is properly installed With InstaCal running 1 Select the board you just installed 2 Select the Test function Follow the instructions provided to test for proper board operation Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com 3 WINDOWS 3 X OR DOS INSTALLATION 3 1 INSTALL THE nstaCal SOFTWARE PACKAGE InstaCal is the installation calibration and test software supplied with your data acquisition IO hardware The complete InstaCal package is also included with the Universal Library If you have ordered the Universal Library use the Universal Library disk set to install Instaca
8. or user serviceable parts in a PCM board Any repair will be expensive Analog inputs are limited to 15V unlike the higher ratings of ISA boards If you apply a voltage lt 0 5V or greater than 5 5V to a digital input you will burn out the input transistor Please turn now to the table of specifications and familiarize yourself with them before connecting any signals Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com 5 SOFTWARE After running InstaCAL our PCM DAS16D 12A0 is installed and ready for use Although the PCM DAS16D 12A0 is part of the larger CIO DAS16 family there is no correspondence between registers Software written at the register level for the CIO DAS16 or PC104 DAS16 s will not work with the PCM DAS16D 12A0 5 1 PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES The ComputerBoards UniversalLibrary provides complete access to the PCM DAS16D 12A0 functions from a range of program ming languages both DOS and Windows If you are planning to write programs or would like to run the example programs for Visual Basic or any other language please turn now to the UniversalLibrary manual 5 2 PACKAGED APPLICATIONS PROGRAMS Many packaged application programs such as Labtech Notebook now have drivers for the PCM DAS16 family If the package you own does not appear to have drivers for the POCM DAS16D 12A0 please fax the package name and the revision number from the install disks We will research the p
9. Boards Inc 16 Commerce Boulevard Middleboro MA 02346 T 508 946 5100 F 508 946 9500 www computerboards com Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com A rtisan Artisan Technology Group is your source for quality Technology Group new and certified used pre owned equipment FAST SHIPPING AND SERVICE CENTER REPAIRS WE BUY USED EQUIPMENT DELIVERY Experienced engineers and technicians on staff Sell your excess underutilized and idle used equipment TENS OF THOUSANDS OF at our full service in house repair center We also offer credit for buy backs and trade ins IN STOCK ITEMS www artisantg com WeBuyEquipment 7 EQUIPMENT DEMOS HUNDREDS OF InstraV ea REMOTE INSPECTION LOOKING FOR MORE INFORMATION MANUFACTURERS Remotely inspect equipment before purchasing with Visit us on the web at www artisantg com 7 for more our interactive website at www instraview com 7 information on price quotations drivers technical LEASING MONTHLY specifications manuals and documentation RENTALS ITAR CERTIFIED CEP BAD tia Contact us 888 88 SOURCE sales artisantg com www artisantg com
10. Inc product which is damaged due to misuse may be replaced for only 50 of the current price I O boards face some harsh environments some harsher that the boards are designed to withstand When that happens just return the board with an order for its replacement at only 50 of the list price ComputerBoards does not need to profit from your misfortune By the way we will honor this warranty for any other manufacture s board that we have a replacement for 30 DAY MONEY BACK GUARANTEE Any ComputerBoards Inc product may be returned within 30 days of purchase for a full refund of the price paid for the product being returned If you are not satisfied or chose the wrong product by mistake you do not have to keep it Please call for a RMA number first No credits or returns accepted without a copy of the original invoice Some software products are subject to a repackaging fee These warranties are in lieu of all other warranties expressed or implied including any implied warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular application The remedies provided herein are the buyer s sole and exclusive remedies Neither ComputerBoards Inc nor its employees shall be liable for any direct or indirect special incidental or consequential damage arising from the use of its products even if ComputerBoards has been notified in advance of the possibility of such damages Notice ComputerBoards Inc does not authorize any ComputerBoards Inc prod
11. SW transfers Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com 4 3 1 HOW DO FIFO SIZE AND DESIGN AFFECT THROUGHPUT The FIFO buffer stores samples from the A D converter as they are being converted When a block of samples is ready and when the PC is ready the FIFO is emptied into system memory A properly designed FIFO of the correct size is a requirement for Win dows or samples will be lost at all but the slowest speeds Design of the FIFO is critical Simply having a FIFO is not enough Most ComputerBoards FIFO designs employ a half full trans fer initiation circuit When the FIFO is half full the transfer request is made Samples continue to fill the second half of the FIFO while the CPU responds to the transfer request and transfers data to system memory Some other manufacturer s boards have only a FIFO full circuit What do you think happens to samples taken after the FIFO is full while waiting for the CPU to begin unloading the FIFO FIFO size is critical also We have seen boards with FIFOs as small as 16 samples The PCM DAS16D 12A0 has a 512 sample FIFO buffer a size we have determined through extensive testing to be a requirement for real situations 4 4 A D PACER CONTROL Many analog acquisitions can be handled by a simple on board rate divider created by combining an XTAL with a programmable counter For those the on board 82C54 programmable rate generator supplies the p
12. XE program is a TSR Terminate and Stay Resident You may modify the program line to LOADHIGH the TSR We have tested it both high and low with and without Windows and a variety of other applications We believe it is a safe TSR that will not cause any system problems 3 5 3 HOW DO I KNOW CSS IS INSTALLED AND RUNNING There is a simple test Just plug in your PCM card If CSS is installed and working the computer will beep You can remove and replace your PCM card as often as you like and need not power down to do so The computer should beep each time you insert the PCM card 3 5 4 WHAT ABOUT CSS FOR MULTIPLE PCM BOARDS Once the current version of CSS is installed CSS is installed for all PCM boards included in that version of CSS As new PCM boards become available they will be added to the CSS and you will want to always have the most recent version of CBCLIENT EXE installed in the C CB directory Let the installation software do this for you You can run multiple PCMCIA boards with the CBCLIENT EXE CSS and if you have another CLIENT program running for other PCMCIA boards it will not interfere Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com 4 OPERATING MODES 4 1 ANALOG INPUT RESOLUTION amp RANGE The 12 bit A D converter provides a resolution of 1 4096 parts of full scale The smallest reading of full scale 1 part in 4096 is called a Least Significant Bit LSB Accuracy
13. acing Some applications require more flexible rate control The PCM DAS16 analog conversions may be externally triggered and thereby synchronized with events external to the PC Conversions may be held off until some external event such as a not to exceed condition is met Conversions may be externally gated so that samples are taken only when an event of interest is occurring such as process over normal limits Shown here is the A D pacer clock schematic and the routing of off board trigger signals 5V 5V Ctr 1 Gate CONTROL REGISTER 10K 2 10K TRIG CTRO em o COUNTER 0 OUT Ctr 1 Out GATE 10 MHz OUT COUNTER 1 1 10 GATE OUT 1 10 gt COUNTER 2 CTR 3 OUT i GATE 5 106 Ctr 2 Gate 5y 10K AID PACER lt LO es CLOCK PACER amp INTERRUPT CONTROL In addition to the 8 analog inputs the PCM DAS16D 12A0 has an analog ground 1 A D trigger input 1 interrupt input 1 gate input complete access to one 16 bit counter s clock gate and output lines access to the A D pacer s counter output line and 4 digi tal output inputs and four pins for the two analog outputs A digital ground is in the cable shield clips to either side of the 33 pins of the connector as well as one of the connector pins Please look at the connector diagram for your board INPUT WARNING Do not exceed the input specifications There are no socketed
14. ackage for you and advise by return fax how to obtain the correct drivers Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com 6 ANALOG CONNECTIONS 6 1 ANALOG INPUTS Analog signal connection is one of the most challenging aspects of applying a data acquisition board If you are an Analog Electri cal Engineer then this section is not for you but if you are like most PC data acquisition users the best way to connect your analog inputs may not be obvious Though complete coverage of this topic is well beyond the scope of this manual the following section provides some explanations and helpful hints regarding these analog input connections This section is designed to help you achieve the optimum performance from your PCM DAS16D 12A0 series board Prior to jumping into actual connection schemes you should have at least a basic understanding of Single Ended Differential inputs and system grounding isolation If you are already comfortable with these concepts you may wish to skip to the next section on wiring configurations 6 1 1 DIFFERENTIAL INPUTS Differential inputs measure the voltage between two distinct input signals Within a certain range referred to as the common mode range the measurement is almost independent of signal source to PCM DAS16D 12A0 ground variations A differential input is also much more immune to EMI than a single ended one Most EMI noise induced in one lead is also
15. analog output The heart of the board is an analog to digital converter Analog signals are routed to the A D via an 8 1 differential multiplexer controlled by a register on the PCM DAS16 The analog input range is fully software programmable to any of the board s eight ranges An on board pacer clock external pacer input or software polling may trigger A D conversions Transfers may be via software polling interrupt service or REP INSW A FIFO buffer provides data bus buffering between the A D circuit and the PCMCIA bus Four digital 1 O lines set as 4 in or 4 out provide a means of sensing and controlling discrete events Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com 2 WINDOWS 95 98 INSTALLATION 2 1 INSTALL THE nstaCal SOFTWARE PACKAGE 2 1 1 INTRODUCTION InstaCal is the installation calibration and test software supplied with your data acquisition IO hardware The complete InstaCal package is also included with the Universal Library If you have ordered the Universal Library use the Universal Library disk set to install InstaCal The installation will create all required files and unpack the various pieces of compressed software To install InstaCal simply run setup exe and follow the on screen instructions 2 1 2 INSTALLATION OPTIONS If you are installing on a Windows 95 or 98 operating system the Installation Options dialog box will allow you to install the 16 bit the 32
16. ease read about installing and using InstaCal 8 2 CONTROL REGISTERS Once CSS is installed and a base address has been established the PCM DAS16 may be controlled by writing to and reading from the control registers While it is possible to write your own control routines for the PCM DAS16 routines have been written and are available in ComputerBoards Universal Library for DOS and Windows programming languages NOTE ON REGISTER PROGRAMMING SUPPORT While the complete register map is explained here only very limited support for assembly language or direct register programming is available Register level programming should only be attempted by experieced programmers We support the use of the PCM DAS16D 12A0 through high level languages using UniversalLibrary and the expample programs provided 8 2 1 MAJOR FUNCTIONS OF THE CONTROL REGISTERS VO ADDRESS PCM DAS16D 12AO FUNCTION R W BASE 0 A D Data amp Channel Start A D BASE 2 Digital I O Channel Scan Limits BASE 4 Interrupt Control amp Status D A Control BASE 6 Input Range and Trigger Method BASE 8 Counter 0 Read Load BASE A Counter Read Load BASE C Counter 2 Read Load BASE E None Counter Control NOTE Since digital output control shares the same register as channel scan limits simultaneous operation of digital output and analog input is not possible when acquiring analog data on more than one channel 17 Artisan Technolo
17. eded i e the volt age between PCM DAS16D 12A0 and signal source grounds added to the maximum input voltage you re trying to measure exceeds 10V In this case the PCM DAS16D 12A0 cannot be directly connected to the signal source You will need to change your system grounding configuration or add isolation signal conditioning Please give our technical support group a call to discuss other options NOTE Relying on the earth prong of a 120VAC for signal ground connections is not advised Different ground plugs may have large and potentially even dangerous voltage differentials Remember that the ground pins on 120VAC outlets on different sides of the room may only be connected in the basement This leaves the possibility that the ground pins may have a significant voltage differential especially if the two 120 VAC outlets happen to be on different phases 6 1 8 PCM DAS16D 12A0 AND SIGNAL SOURCE ALREADY HAVE ISOLATED GROUNDS Some signal sources will already be electrically isolated from the PCM DAS16D 12A0 The diagram below shows a typical iso lated ground system This is often the case with PCM based systems as they are frequently battery powered and not tied to any local ground In addition the signal source may be battery powered or fully isolated Isolated ground systems provide excellent performance but require some extra effort during connections to assure optimum performance is obtained Please refer to the fol lowing sections
18. ee Dunseiense eee rhe Rertese tae ieen eee 4 1 ANALOG INPUT RESOLUTION amp RANGE 20 eee eee eee eee eee tenes 4 2 CONVERSION SPEED amp AMPLIFICATION 0 ee eee eee 4 3 TRIGGERING amp TRANSFER lt 2 3en82icesdsden de ceaseieeteise riada aA APACER CONTROLS lapidan bes ede a e S SOFTWARE visir rra daa ea peed POS ERR 5 1 PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES dercosiorrsertr c iria 5 2 PACKAGED APPLICATIONS PROGRAMS 00 cee cee eee eee ee eee eeees 6 ANALOG CONNECTIONS cGy anee taba were ed da eae ees 6 ANALOG INPUTS acs ogioioronci cacadeateadacia dridco tada darias 62 ANALOG OUIPUIS seo escerai pone E ASS A Roa 7 VO CONNECTOR PINOUT dirsiscirai a ar RARAS 8 BOARD ARCHITECTURE oresanirigarira diarrea 8 1 SOFTWARE CALIBRATION spursiss lE IAAS AS 8 2 CONTROL REGISTERS ca 2ececeetcaus ei A AAA A bes APPENDIX At SPECIFICATIONS s4s6e4e2 sees ar dr AR APPENDIX B ELECTRONICS AND INTERFACING 1 ne Ba VOLTAGE DIVIDERS csgcteeddecec ee eesheebedes eed eceewe ee Giese eek n ete B22 COW PASS FILTERS sivedeveaiwatedhesveseceesdeeuwtavetearedenbesioes a Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com 1 INTRODUCTION The Computer Boards PCM DAS16D 12A0 is a multifunction analog and digital I O card for DOS and Windows compatible com puters with PC Card PCMCIA type 2 or 3 slots Based on our popular PCM DAS16D series this model adds two channels of
19. er measured 0 0 Volts Configure your system as if there is ground offset voltage between the source and the PCM DAS16D 12A0 This is especially true if you are using the PCM DAS16D 12A0 at high gains since ground potentials in the sub millivolt range will be large enough to cause A D errors yet will not likely be measured by your hand held voltmeter 6 1 5 SYSTEMS WITH COMMON MODE GROUND OFFSET VOLTAGES The most frequently encountered grounding scenario involves grounds that are somehow connected but have AC and or DC offset voltages between the PCM DAS16D 12A0 and signal source grounds This offset voltage my be AC DC or both and may be caused by a wide array of phenomena including EMI pickup resistive voltage drops in ground wiring and connections etc 6 1 6 SMALL COMMON MODE VOLTAGES If the voltage between the signal source ground and PCM DAS16D 12A0 ground is small the combination of the ground voltage and input signal will not exceed the PCM DAS16D 12A0 s 10V common mode range i e the voltage between grounds added to the maximum input voltage stays within 10V This input is compatible with the PCM DAS16D 12A0 and the system may be connected without additional signal conditioning Fortunately most systems will fall in this category and have a small voltage differential between grounds 6 1 7 LARGE COMMON MODE VOLTAGES If the ground differential is large enough the PCM DAS16D 12A0 s 10V common mode range will be exce
20. for further details 12 Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com 6 1 9 WIRING CONFIGURATIONS Combining all the grounding and input type possibilities provides us with the following potential connection configurations The combinations along with our recommendations on usage are shown in the chart below The following sections depicts recommended input wiring schemes for each of the possible input configuration grounding combi nations 6 1 10 COMMON GROUND DIFFERENTIAL INPUTS The use of differential inputs to monitor a signal source with a common ground is an acceptable configuration though it requires more wiring and offers fewer channels than selecting a single ended configuration The diagram below shows the recommended connections in this configuration signal gi urce so Common F CH High i To MUX A E 8 A D aia CH Low Va Optional wire 7 i LL GND since signal source H E and A D board share L common ground 1 0 Connector A D Board of LL GND to CH Low Signal source and A D board sharing common ground connected to differential input 6 1 11 COMMON MODE VOLTAGE lt 10V DIFFERENTIAL INPUTS Systems with varying ground potentials should always be monitored in the differential mode Care is required to assure that the sum of the input signal and the ground differential referred to as the common mode voltage does not exceed the com
21. gy Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com 8 2 2 INTERRUPT SOURCE CONTROL The interrupt source is controlled by three bits INT2 INTL INTO SOURCE 0 0 1 Pacer Counter 2 0 1 0 External Pin 7 0 1 1 FIFO Not Empty 1 0 0 FIFO Half Full 1 0 1 End of Channel Scan The A D trigger source is controlled by two bits TS1 TSO SOURCE 0 X Software Trigger 1 0 Rising Trigger Input Pin 5 1 1 Pacer Counter 2 The range of analog input is set by 4 bits G3 G2 G1 G0 RANGE 1 0 0 0 10 V 0 0 0 0 5 V A D Std 0 0 0 1 2 5 V 0 0 1 0 1 25 V 0 1 0 0 0Oto10V 0 1 0 1 0to5V 0 1 1 0 0to2 5V 0 1 1 1 0 to 1 25 V The digital I O lines may be set as follows via 1 control bit LDIR Bits 3 0 0 Input 1 Output 18 Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Appendix A SPECIFICATIONS Typical for 25 C unless otherwise specified ANALOG INPUT SECTION A D convertor type Resolution Programmable ranges A D pacing A D Trigger sources Data transfer Polarity Number of channels A D conversion time Throughput post process calibration Accuracy software calibrated Integral Linearity Channel crosstalk Gain drift Zero drift Common Mode Range CMRR 60Hz Input leakage current Input
22. h Counter 0 Source Programmable external Ctr0 Clk or 100kHz internal source Gate Available at connector Ctr0 Gate Output Available at connector Ctr0 Out Counter 1 ADC Pacer Lower Divider Source Programmable 1MHz or 10 MHz internal source Gate Available at connector Ctrl Gate pulled to logic high through 10k resistor Output Chained to Counter 2 Clock Counter 2 ADC Pacer Upper Divider Source Counter Output Gate Available at connector Ext Trig Programmable enable disable Output ADC Pacer clock available at user connector Ctr2 Out Clock input frequency High pulse width clock input Low pulse width clock input Gate width high Gate width low Input low voltage Input high voltage Output low voltage Output high voltage DIGITAL VO SECTION Digital type Configuration Input low voltage Input high voltage Output low voltage Output high voltage Absolute maximum input voltage Interrupts Interrupt enable Interrupt sources 5V quiescent 5V during CIS read ENVIRONMENTAL Operating temerature range Storage temerature range Humidity 10Mhz max 30ns min 50ns min 50ns min 50ns min 0 8V max 2 0V min 0 4V max 3 0V min FPGA One port four bits Programmable as 4 input or 4 output 0 8V max 2 0V min IOL 4mA 0 23V max OH 4mA 3 86V min 0 5V 5 5V Programmable levels 2 15 Programmable End of conversion FIFO half full external Ext Int pin 7 75 mA typical
23. henomena of dropping the voltage proportionally is often called attenuation The formula for attenuation is The variable Attenuation is the proportional differ Attenuation R1 R2 ence between the signal voltage max and the full R2 scale of the analog input For example if the signal varies between 0 and 20 2 10K 10K volts and you wish to measure that with an analog 10K input with a full scale range of O to 10 volts the Attenuation is 2 1 or just 2 R1 A 1 R2 For a given attenuation pick a handy resistor and call it R2 then use this formula to calculate R1 21 Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Digital inputs also make use of voltage dividers for example if you wish to measure a digital signal that is at O volts when off and 24 volts when on you cannot connect that directly to the digital inputs The voltage must be dropped to 5 volts max when on The Attenuation is 24 5 or 4 8 Use the equation above to find an appropriate R1 if R2 is 1K Remember that a TTL input is on when the input voltage is greater than 2 5 volts IMPORTANT NOTE The resistors RI and R2 are going to dissipate all the power in the divider circuit according to the equation Current Voltage Resistance The higher the value of the resistance RI R2 the less power dissipated by the divider circuit Here is a simple rule For Attenuation of 5 1 or less no resistor should be less
24. is specified in LSBs The PCM DAS16D 12A0 is accurate to 1 LSB Eight different ranges four unipolar and four bipolar are fully controlled by software These are Unipolar 1LSB Bipolar 1LSB 0 to 10V 0 00244V 10V 0 00488V 0Oto5V 0 00122V 5V 0 00244V 0 to 2 5V 0 0006V 2 5V 0 00122V 0 to 1 25V 0 0003 V 1 25V 0 0006V The input range is controlled by a programmable amplifier and is completely software selectable 4 2 CONVERSION SPEED amp AMPLIFICATION The A D chip always runs at full speed The A D converter and sample amp hold circuit captures and digitizes a signal in 10 micro seconds 10uS The conversion speed of the A D remains constant in all conditions and at all throughput rates This is important When you request a sample rate of say 20KHz the A D converter is still converting the signal in 10uS The 20KHz rate comes from the fact that conversions are being initiated only every 50uS 4 2 1 WHAT FACTORS LIMIT CONVERSION SPEED The first is clearly the A D A 10uS conversion speed translates to a maximum throughput of 100KHz The second limiting factor may be the analog front end The front end consists of a multiplexer and a programmable gain amplifier The speed at which these circuits can switch may also limit the throughput of the A D board That is the rate at which it can acquire convert and transfer a signal with full accuracy Accuracy is the key term here The A D can always run at full speed but has the f
25. l The installation will create all required files and unpack the various pieces of compressed software To install InstaCal simply run setup exe and follow the on screen instructions 3 1 1 INSTALLATION OPTIONS If you are installing from the Universal Library disk set the Installation Options dialog box presents options to install libraries and example programs for each language supported Select the appropriate library version and example programs for the language you will be using If your computer does not have the Windows operating system installed only the DOS operating system is available install the separate DOS only InstaCal package called InstaCal for DOS Universal Library for DOS available from your vendor Computers running Windows 3 x and or DOS need to use the DOS based Card amp Socket Services CSS drivers CSS is included with most newer computers but if you need to purchase these drivers they are available from your vendor order PCM CSS Dur ing the InstaCal installation you will be prompted to indicate whether or not to install CBCLIENT Respond Yes CBCLIENT is used by CSS to configure the PCMCIA data acquisition cards Remember if you do not have CSS loaded install it before attempting to use the PCMCIA card More information about CSS is available in section 3 5 titled About DOS Card amp Socket Services InstaCal will place all appropriate files in C CB If you change this default location remember whe
26. mon mode range of the A D board 10V on the PCM DAS16D 12A0 The diagram below show recommended connections in this configuration i So u ro e m o ooo _ Signe with ue Voltad a To MUX amp AID between these grounds Pea A D Board added to the maximum input signal must stay within 10V Signal source and A D board with common mode voltage connected to a differential input 13 Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com 6 1 12 COMMON MODE VOLTAGE gt 10V The PCM DAS16D 12A0 will not directly monitor signals with common mode voltages greater than 10V You will either need to alter the system ground configuration to reduce the overall common mode voltage or add isolated signal conditioning between the source and your board Isolation Barrier gt one i A EE a a e nal q a Doe pp voard l so i To MUX amp A D When the voltage difference between signal source and A D B 0 a rd A D board ground is large A enough so the A D board s 10K is a recommended value You may short LL GND to CH Low common mode range is i N E A illest A exceeded isolated signal instead but this will reduce your system s noise im munity conditioning must be added System with a Large Common Mode Voltage Connected to a Differential Input 6 1 13 ISOLATED GROUNDS DIFFERENTIAL INPUTS Optimum performance with isolated sig
27. nal sources is assured with the use of the differential input setting The diagram below shows the recommend connections is this configuration CH High To MUX amp A D CH Low LL GND me 1 0 a Connector A D Board These grounds are Beas Baad A electrically isolated 10K is a recommended value You may short LL GND to CH Low instead but this will reduce your system s noise immunity Already isolated signal source and A D board connected to a differential input 14 Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com 6 2 ANALOG OUTPUTS Analog outputs are simple voltage outputs which can be connected to any device which will record display or be controlled by a voltage The PCM DAS16D 12A0 analog outputs can be set to 5V or 10V full scale The output ranges of the PCM DAS16D 12A0 are set by software The output ranges may be set within your program and range selection is supported by the Universal Library 6 2 1 CONNECTING DEVICES TO THE ANALOG OUTPUTS The PCM DAS16D 12A0 analog outputs are single ended There is an analog ground for each analog output channel When con necting to the analog output channels you should be sure that LL Gnd on pins 13 and or 15 are used for Vout return connections You should be careful to avoid ground potentials between your external system and your computer board In addition to avoiding potentials between signal grounds you
28. nections will be listed by InstaCal v If the I O Test Menu lists the option Plot the select it and make the connections as shown to test your card 3 5 ABOUT DOS CARD amp SOCKET SERVICES The following section describes Card amp Socket Services and should help you determine whether or not you need to install CSS Some operating systems such as Windows 95 include an integrated version of CSS If you are running such an operating system do not install DOS CSS unless you have a specific reason to do so Card and socket services for your PCM card are on a disk labeled DOS Card amp Socket Services The software from that disk should be installed if you do not already have CSS support on your PC 3 5 1 WHAT IS CSS CSS is a program that communicates with your computers PCMCIA interface controller and configures it The PCMCIA interface is configurable unlike the standard ISA bus you may be familiar with If you plug a PCMCIA board into a PCMCIA slot and have not yet run CSS you will have no access to the functions of that PCMCIA board 3 5 2 DOES CSS USE SYSTEM RESOURCES Yes The CardSoft Card and Socket Services device drivers which are installed in your CONFIG SYS use about 61K of memory These files can be installed DEVICEHIGH Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com The CBCLIENT EXE installed in your AUTOEXEC BAT uses about 10K of memory The CBCLIENT E
29. oard which then connects to the PCM card via the PCM C37 33 cable The Pinout of the PCM DAS16D 12A0 is shown below PIN DESIGNATION PIN DESIGNATION 1 CTR 1 out 18 CHO Lo IN 2 CTR 1 gate 19 CHO Hi IN 3 CTR 1 CLK 20 CH1 Lo IN 4 CTR 3 out 21 CH1 Hi IN 5 Ext Trig Clk 22 CH2 Lo IN 6 CTR 2 Gate 23 CH2 Hi IN 7 Ext INT 24 CH3 Lo IN 8 Dig Gnd 25 CH3 Hi IN 9 DIO 0 26 CH4 Lo IN 10 DIO 1 27 CH4 Hi IN 11 DIO 2 28 CH5 Lo IN 12 DIO 3 29 CH5 Hi IN 13 LL Gnd 30 CH6 Lo IN 14 Vout 0 31 CH6 Hi IN 15 LL Gnd 32 CH7 Lo IN 16 Vout 1 33 CH7 Hi IN 17 LL Gnd 16 Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com 8 BOARD ARCHITECTURE 8 1 SOFTWARE CALIBRATION If you are using the UniversalLibrary you can set software calibration factors for offset and gain using the Calibration option of InstaCal These factors will be applied to readings made by any of the A D routines called from any of the language libraries of UniversalLibrary Choose Calibration from the InstaCal menu and follow the instructions Press Fl for help A base address register controls the beginning or Base Address of the I O addresses occupied by the control registers of the PCM DAS16D 12A0 In all 32 addresses are occupied The base address assigned by Card and Socket Services is stored in the CB CFG file by Instacal and read by the Universal Library Pl
30. ommon mode range is 10 Volts Even in differential mode no input signal can be measured if it is more than 10V from the board s low level ground LLGND 6 1 2 SYSTEM GROUNDS AND ISOLATION There are three scenarios possible when connecting your signal source to your PCM DAS16D 12A0 board 1 The PCM DAS16D 12A0 and the signal source may have the same or common ground This signal source may be con nected directly to the PCM DAS16D 12A0 2 The PCM DAS16D 12A0 and the signal source may have an offset voltage between their grounds AC and or DC This offset is commonly referred to as common mode voltage Depending on the magnitude of this voltage it may or may not be possible to connect the PCM DAS16D 12A0 directly to your signal source We will discuss this topic further in a later section 3 The PCM DAS16D 12A0 and the signal source may already have isolated grounds This may be the case due to the sig nals source being isolated from ground or because the host computer of the PCM DAS16 board is isolated from ground or both In this case the signal source may be connected directly to the PCM DAS 16D 12A0 6 1 3 WHICH SYSTEM DO YOU HAVE Try the following experiment Using a battery powered voltmeter measure the voltage difference between the ground signal at your signal source and at your PC Place one voltmeter probe on the PC ground and the other on the signal source ground Measure both the AC and DC Voltages If you do no
31. or R and one capacitor C The cut off frequency is determined according to the formula Fe 1 2 Pi R C R 1 2 Pi C Fe Where Pi 3 14 22 Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com EC Declaration of Conformity We ComputerBoards Inc declare under sole responsibility that the product PCM DAS16D 12A0 PC CARD Analog 1 0 interface card Part Number Description to which this declaration relates meets the essential requirements is in conformity with and CE marking has been applied according to the relevant EC Directives listed below using the relevant section of the following EC standards and other normative documents EU EMC Directive 89 336 EEC Essential requirements relating to electromagnetic compatibility EU 55022 Class B Limits and methods of measurements of radio interference characteristics of information technology equipment EN 50082 1 EC generic immunity requirements IEC 801 2 Electrostatic discharge requirements for industrial process measurement and control equipment IEC 801 3 Radiated electromagnetic field requirements for industrial process measurements and control equipment IEC 801 4 Electrically fast transients for industrial process measurement and control equipment Carl Haapaoja Director of Quality Assurance Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Computer
32. our system to reduce the ground differentials or purchase and install special electrical isolation signal conditioning If you cannot obtain a reasonably stable DC voltage measurement between the grounds or the voltage drifts around considerably the two grounds are most likely isolated The easiest way to check for isolation is to change your voltmeter to it s ohm scale and measure the resistance between the two grounds It is recommended that you turn both systems off prior to taking this resistance measurement If the measured resistance is more than 100 Kohm it s a fairly safe bet that your system has electrically isolated grounds 11 Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com 6 1 4 SYSTEMS WITH COMMON GROUNDS In the simplest but perhaps least likely case your signal source will have the same ground as the PCM DAS16D 12A0 This would typically occur when providing power or excitation to your signal source directly from the PCM DAS16D 12A0 There may be other common ground configurations but it is important to note that any voltage between the PCM DAS16D 12A0 ground and your signal ground is a potential error voltage if you set up your system based on a common ground assumption As a safe rule of thumb if your signal source or sensor is not connected directly to an LLGND pin on your PCM DAS16D 12A0 it s best to assume that you do not have a common ground even if your voltmet
33. ps to insure that the PCM board is inserted in the correct orientation Key Side A Top Side This side has the label Side B Bottom Side No label here PCMCIA CARD ORIENTATION View into PCMCIA connector The end which goes into the PCMCIA slot 2 If the appropriate drivers are already loaded on the PC the card should be detected recognized and configured by Win dows and you should hear an insertion beep If the card is not detected by Windows go to step 3 To verify the card has been recognized go to Control Panel System Device Manager and the card should now appear under DAS Component If your card appears in the list you can now proceed to the RUN JnstaCal section of this manual 2 Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com 3 If the drivers are not already loaded on the PC you will be prompted for a driver If you are not prompted for a driver after inserting the card go to step 4 The appropriate driver is located on disk 1 of the installation disk set Insert this disk Windows should detect the driver file automatically install 1t and then the card should be detected by Windows and you should hear an insertion beep To verify the card has been recognized go to Control Panel System Device Manager and the card should now appear under DAS Component If your card appears in the list you can now proceed to the RUN InstaCal section of this man
34. re the installed files are placed as you may need to access them later At the end of the installation process there will be a series of questions unless you have knowledge to the contrary simply accept the default when prompted After the installation of InstaCal is complete you should restart your computer to take advantage of changes made to the system 3 2 INSTALL THE PCMCIA CARD Insert the card into a free PCM card slot and wait for the insertion tone a double beep Shown here is a PCM card case looking into the connector which is inserted into the PCMCIA slot of your computer The KEY helps to insure that the PCM board is inserted in the correct orientation Key Side A Top Side This side has the label Side B Bottom Side No label here PCMCIA CARD ORIENTATION View into PCMCIA connector The end which goes into the PCMCIA slot 4 Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com 3 3 RUN nstaCal Run the nstaCal program in order to configure the board for run time use By configuring the board you add information to the configuration file cb cfg that is used by the Universal Library and other third party data acquisition packages that use the Univer sal Library to access the board To run JnstaCal in Windows 3 x find the file named InstaCal exe in your installation directory or simply double click the InstaCal exe icon From DOS jsu
35. ront end settled and captured a true accurate sig nal 4 2 2 WHAT ABOUT INPUT RANGE VS SPEED Here is where the design of the analog front end is critical to maintaining total throughput The A D chip has a fixed input range of 10V It is the analog front end that amplifies low level signals and adjusts unipolar signals to match the A D converter s stan dard input A poorly designed analog front end will show up very quickly in the throughput specifications If you see that an A D board has high throughput in only one or two ranges but is slowed greatly at all other ranges you are seeing the practical implications of a poor front end design The PCM DAS16D 12A0 achieves 100KHz in all of the eight ranges 4 3 TRIGGERING amp TRANSFER A Trigger is the event that begins an acquisition transfer cycle There are three ways to trigger a PCM DAS16D 12A0O program mable pacer software or external The trigger source is programmable The programmable pacer is the product of two 16 bit counters dividing a 10MHz or 1MHz wave derived from a 10MHz XTAL which may be used to trigger any number of paced con versions A single conversion may be triggered by software at any time External trigger pacer clock and interrupt signals may also be used to control conversions and synchronize to external events Once a conversion is made the sample is placed into a 512 sample FIFO buffer from which it may be retrieved one sample at a time or in blocks via REP IN
36. t have access to a voltmeter skip the experiment and take a look a the following three sections You may be able to identify your system type from the descriptions provided If both AC and DC readings are 0 00 volts you may have a system with common grounds However since voltmeters will average out high frequency signals there is no guarantee Please refer to the section below titled Common Grounds If you measure reasonably stable AC and DC voltages your system has an offset voltage between the grounds category This offset 1s referred to as a Common Mode Voltage Please be careful to read the following warning and then proceed to the section describ ing Common Mode systems WARNING If either the AC or DC voltage is greater than 10 volts do not connect the PCM DAS16D 12A0 to this signal source You are beyond the boards usable common mode range and will need to either adjust your grounding system or add special Isolation signal conditioning to take useful measurements A ground offset voltage of more than 15 volts will likely damage the PCM DAS16D 12A0 board and possibly your computer This is such an important point that we will state it again If the voltage between the ground of your signal source and your PC is greater than 10 volts your board will not take useful measurements If this voltage is greater than 15 volts it will likely cause damage and may represent a serious shock hazard In this case you will need to either reconfigure y
37. t type Instacal at the DOS prompt and hit Enter If you have a PCM board inserted in a PCM slot in your computer InstaCal displays a dialog box titled Add PCM Card Select Yes The next dialog box allows you to select a board number Choose the default 0 if no other cards are already installed or select a board number You can now select the install menu using the mouse or the letter I on the keyboard to view or change the configuration of the board 3 4 TESTING THE INSTALLATION After you have run the install program and set your base address with InstaCal it is time to test the installation The following sec tion describes the InstaCal procedure to test that your board is properly installed With InstaCal running choose the TEST item on the main menu i Select the board you just installed ii Ifthe choice Internal Test is available then select Internal Test If not proceed to v below iii The internal control registers of the board will then be tested If this test is successful your board is installed correctly iv Ifthe Internal Test is completed successfully you may want to check that the I O pins are working correctly To check this select External Test and follow the instruction provided This will require you to use the shorting wires supplied with the board to connect inputs to outputs for I O testing Some external tests may require an external voltage source and ohmme ter All required equipment and con
38. than 10K For Attenuation of greater than 5 1 no resistor should be less than 1K The CIO TERMINAL has the circuitry on board to create custom voltage dividers The CIO TERMINAL is a 16 by 4 screw ter minal board with two 37 pin D type connectors and 56 screw terminals 12 22 AWG Designed for table top wall or rack mounting the board provides prototype divider circuit filter circuit and pull up resistor positions which you may complete with the proper value components for your application B 2 LOW PASS FILTERS A low pass filter is placed on the signal wires between a signal and an A D board It stops frequencies greater than the cut off fre quency from entering the A D board s analog or digital inputs The key term in a low pass filter circuit is cut off frequency The cut of frequency is that frequency above which no variation of voltage with respect to time may enter the circuit For example if a low pass filter had a cut off frequency of 30 Hz the kind of interference associated with line voltage 60Hz would be filtered out but a signal of 25Hz would be allowed to pass Also in a digital circuit a low pass filter might be used to de bounce an input from a momentary contact button pushed by a person M A SIGNAL HIGH A D Board R ft High Input C SIGNAL a VOLTS A D Board Low Input e gt SIGNAL LOW 1 LOW PASS FILTER Fa gt 2 Pi R C A low pass filter may be constructed from one resist
39. ual 4 If the card is not detected by Windows and you are not prompted for a driver after inserting the card check that your com puter s 32 bit PCMCIA drivers are enabled If they are not enable them and then restart your computer and try the above procedure again 2 3 RUN nstaCal Run the nstaCal program in order to configure the board for run time use By configuring the board you add information to the configuration file cb cfg that is used by the Universal Library and other third party data acquisition packages that use the Univer sal Library to access the board 2 3 1 RUNNING THE 32 BIT VERSION You can run the 32 bit version of InstaCal by finding the file named inscal32 exe in your installation directory and double click ing it You can also run JnstaCal by going to your Start Menu then to Programs then to ComputerBoards and finally choosing InstaCal If you have a PCM board inserted in a PCM slot in your computer InstaCal displays a dialog box indicating the device has been detected Simply click OK to proceed with InstaCal If there are no other boards currently installed by InstaCal then the PCM board will be assigned board number 0 Otherwise it will be assigned the next available board number You can now view and change the board configuration by clicking the properties icon or selecting the Install Configure menu 2 3 2 RUNNING THE 16 BIT VERSION You can run the 16 bit version of InstaCal by finding the file
40. uct for use in life support systems and or devices without the written approval of the President of ComputerBoards Inc Life support devices systems are devices or systems which a are intended for surgical implantation into the body or b support or sustain life and whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to result in injury ComputerBoards Inc products are not designed with the components required and are not subject to the testing required to ensure a level of reliability suitable for the treatment and diagnosis of people C Copyright 1999 ComputerBoards Inc No part of this manual may be reproduced without written permission from ComputerBoards Inc Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION sara is RRA RARA AIDA IRA A 2 WINDOWS 95 98 INSTALLATION aooo 2 1 INSTALL THE InstaCal SOFTWARE PACKAGE 00 0 00000 ccc ees 2 2 INSTALL THE PCMCIA CARD co 2 3 RUN InstaCal vera A ds 2 4 TESTING THE INSTALLATION 00 00 000 0000 ee eee eens 3 WINDOWS 3 X OR DOS INSTALLATION od eee ees 3 1 INSTALL THE InstaCal SOFTWARE PACKAGE 0 0 000 000 ccc ees 3 2 INSTALL THE PCMCIA CARD 0 323 RUN TnstaCal sredina eeaeee A a BA oe A Senate ade eae See es 3 4 TESTING THE INSTALLATION 0 0 000 0000 0c ee eee ees 3 5 ABOUT DOS CARD amp SOCKET SERVICES 00 0000000 es 4 OPERATING MODES 5 24342oS0 440 cessded
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