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Municipal WatSIM - French Creek Software

1. version 4 0 Manual Water Source Exampl 107 00 23 00 Aluminum as l Zinc as Zn Calcium as 03 Magnesium as 03 Sodium as Na Potassium as K Iron as Ammonia as NH3 pH Comments 25 71 1 30 Boron as B Chloride as CI Sulfate as 504 M Alkalinity as CaCO3 P Alkalinity as 03 Oxalic Acid as C204 Cyanide as HCN Change Units 0 00 7 36 EE 04 21 2003 Hydrogen sulfide as H25 Silica as 5102 Phosphate as 4 Polyphosphate as 4 Fluoride as F Nitrate as Temperature as F Corrosion target as mpy e e 1111 e a Recalculate Cancel WatSim Quick Reference Section Scales To Print SOURCE ANALYSIS SELECTION PURPOSE The Source Analysis module in the INPUT CHEMISTRY pulldown menu generates a form on the screen for input of water analyses WHEN SHOULD IT BE USED Select Source Analysis to enter a raw water analysis and calculate the WatSim indicators of scale and corrosivity potential This module is also a prerequisite for running WHAT IF SCENARIOS WHAT DOES IT DO The Source Analysis module accepts water chemistry input via a user friendly form and runs simple validation tests on the values entered to assure that they are in a reasonable range e g a pH of 1 is una
2. Choose Print Mode C Print Directly to Printer Select Direct Print for highest resolution graphs ndirect Printing Use this option when Direct Printing of graphs results in errors such as incomplete filling of regions with color WatSim Quick Reference Section Cancel DISPLAY PRINT CPTIONS Output Size On Screen Output Windows To Display lons To Print Scales To Print PRINT MODE SELECTION PURPOSE Use the Print Mode module to select an alternate method for prining graphs WatSim prints graphs by two methods direct or indirect printing PREFERENCES HELP Technical Manual Program Usage The Direct Print option sends actual Windows graphics commands to the Printer and literally draws the graph on the printer at printer resolution This option is acceptable and preferred for most printers The Indirect Print option creates a large bitmap in Windows memory and then dumps the bitmap to the printer This option overcomes deficiencies in many printer dirvers which cau se mistakes when they are used as a direct Wondows graphing device WHEN SHOULD IT BE USED Select Print Mode if you encounter incomplete graphs when printed This is typically only encountered with older HP Deskjet and Laserjet printer drivers Q43 FILES New Open File Save File Save File As Printer Setup What s Stored About WatSim QUIT INPUT CHEMISTRY Water Analysis Input pH Curve
3. 30 Iron as Fe 0 02 i 02 0 02 lt 02 Ammonia as NH3 00 200 00 00 Aluminum as CaCO3 00 d 00 00 00 Zinc as Zn tod gt 79 59 io Boron as 00 r 00 00 00 ANIONS Chloride as Cl Sulfate as 504 Acidity M Alkalinity Alkalinity Phosphate as PO4 Pyrophosphate as PO4 H2S as 25 Fluoride as F Nitrate as N W 01 N CJ 01 N W an ran o p o e Gg oO e es lt lt 00 C c 0O1 00010000 010010000 pP Ook 8 x E O O ANANDA eo epo PARAMETERS pH Temperature Deg Calculated T D S DOSAGE Zinc CORROSION RATE PREDICTION 1010 Carbon Steel 44 simple PDF E E Welcome to 2 3 Floppy A WatSimManua i watsim41820 MUNIL Micr m WatSim 38 The CHANGE RANGE and NEW TREATMENT selections on the menu bar when a graph is displayed work in a similar manner The Change Range option displays a smaller version of the graph with edit fields to change any relevant parameters Change Range Calcite Saturation Level E i 39 The NEW TREATMENT option displays the CHOOSE PRODUCT menu over the current graph or table DUTPUT PROPERTIES CHOOSE GRAPH NEW TREATMENT CHANGE RANGE Calcite Saturation Level SELECT
4. Quick Reference Section Q13 WATER CHEMISTRY VERSUS TEMPERATURE DEPOSITION POTENTIAL INDICATORS VERSUS TEMPERATURE OPTIONS NEW TREATMENT NEW METALLURGY CHANGE RANGE E TIONS CHANGERANGE Sample ID O Report Date 04 21 2003 Sampled 04 21 2003 at 2040 Sample ID 0 Report Date 04 21 2003 Sampled 04 21 2003 at 2040 TEMPERATURE F CATIONS 16 00 80 00 30 00 100 00 110 00 120 00 130 00 e TEMPERATURE F D MER Calcium as CaCO3 107 00 107 00 107 00 107 00 107 00 107 00 107 00 SATURATION LEVEL 70 00 80 00 90 00 100 00 110 00 120 00 130 00 Magnesium as 23 00 23 00 23 00 23 00 23 00 23 00 23 00 Calcite CaCO3 1 60 1 94 2 32 2 71 3 12 3 56 4 04 Sodium as Na 76 07 76 07 76 07 76 07 76 07 76 07 16 07 Aragonite CaCO3 1 40 1 69 2 00 2 32 2 66 3 02 3 40 Potassium as K 1 30 1 30 1 30 1 30 1 30 1 30 1 30 Anhydrite CaS04 0 00 0 01 0 01 0 01 0 01 0 01 0 01 Iron as Fe 0 02 0 02 0 02 0 02 0 02 0 02 0 02 Gypsum CaSO4 2H20 0 01 0 01 0 01 0 01 0 01 0 01 0 01 Ammonia as NH3 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 Tricalcium phosphate 0 07 0 11 0 18 0 27 0 41 0 60 0 85 prie peer rx er 0 ap aes 2 Hydroxylapatite 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 neis An t s s d t polyphosphate 0 13 0 12 0 11 0 10 0 09 0 09 0 08 Boron as B 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 Zinc phosphate 0 00 0 00 0100 0 00 0 00 0 00 0100 ANIONS Fluorite CaF2 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 Chloride as Cl 35 0
5. and the input analysis to the currently selected printer WHEN SHOULD IT BE USED Use the Print module whenever a hard copy of the water source and the outputs versus pH is desired WHAT DOES IT DO The module adds the date sample ID and analysis description information to the tables generated in the pH Impact module and prints them Print Temperature Impact TREATMENTS Select Product Print At pH Target CORROSION RATES Print At D I C Target Select Metal Print At Langelier Index Target CREATE PRODUCT Print At Ryznar Index Target Input Product PRINT pH IMPACT PREREQUISITES The Vary pH module must be run prior to the Print module WatSim Quick Reference Section PREFERENCES HELP Choose Graphs Input Units Print Mode 3D Graph Types C03 Calc s DISPLAY PRINT OPTIONS Output Size On Screen Output Windows To Display lons To Print Scales To Print Technical Manual Program Usage Q28 FILES New Open File Save File Save File As Printer Setup What s Stored About WatSim QUIT INPUT CHEMISTRY Water Analysis Input pH Curve WHAT DOES IT DO The module adds the date sample ID and analysis description information to the tables generated in the pH Target module and prints them WHAT IF TEMPERATURE IMPACT Vary Temperature Graph vs Temperature pHIMPACT Vary pH Graph vs pH Print Temperature Impact Print pH Impact Print At pH Target Print At D I C Target Print At Langelie
6. e G G G G G G G e fe C 29999990999 9 9 Simple Indices and Indicators Langelier Saturation Ryznar Stability Index Puckorius Practical Larson Skold Index Maximum Solubilities Copper solubility Lead solubility Ici Ici ic ic Calcite Aragonite Calcium oxalate Anhydrite Gypsun Fluorite Tricalcium phosphate Hydroxyapatite Ca polyphosphate Trizinc phosphate Amorphous Silica Brucite Magnesium Silicate lron hydroxide Strengite Siderite Free vs Total Calcium Free vs Total Carbonate Free vs Total PO4 DIEC Zinc solubility WatSim Quick Reference Section PREFERENCES HELP Choose Graphs Technical Manual Input Units Program Usage Print Mode 3D Graph Types C03 Calc s DISPLAY PRINT OPTIONS Output Size On Screen Output Windows To Display lons To Print Scales To Print CHOOSE SCALES TO PRINT SELECTION PURPOSE WatSim printouts include all indices calculated by the program This module allows you to limit the indices printed Scale indices selected will also be included when a printout is COPIED to the Windows clipboard WHEN SHOULD IT BE USED When it is desirable to limit which scale indices are printed WHAT IT DOES This module activates or de activates the printing of each field in indicators of deposition potential printouts PREREQUISITES None Q49 At D I C Target At Langelier Index T
7. Print At Langelier Index Target Print At Ryznar Index Target TREATMENTS Select Product CORROSION RATES Select Metal CREATE PRODUCT Input Product Input Lab Data EDIT CORRELATION Edit Coefficients Browse Correlations Browse Inhibitors INPUT pH CURVE SELECTION PURPOSE The Input pH Curve module in the INPUT CHEMISTRY pulldown menu accepts a user defined pH Alkalinity relationship for use in predicting the pH of cycled water from alkalinity in other modules Values entered are converted to a mathematical model which replaces the default pH Alkalinity relationship WHEN SHOULD IT BE USED Select Input pH Curve to replace the default pH Alkalinity curve in WatSim with an empirical relationship you feel is more applicable to the water under study WHAT DOES IT DO The Input pH Curve module accepts pH M Alkalinity pairs and converts them to a formula for use by other modules which handle data Simple curve fit statistics are displayed as well as a simple Actual Predicted comparison WHAT DO YOU NEED A minimun of five 5 pH M Alkalinity pairs should be on hand for entry The input form will accept a Choose Graphs Input Units Print Mode 3D Graph Types C03 Calc s DISPLAY PRINT OPTIONS Output Size On Screen Output Windows To Display lons To Print Scales To Print Technical Manual Program Usage SPECIAL OPTION Enter 1 pH alkalinity pair and WatSim will use the slope of the Kunz defa
8. Use the IRON FACTOR jo o0000 1 fi le for deali ith i dd 1 Increase inhibitor dosage by 0 00000 ppm for every ppm Fe above 0 00000 module to det ine a rule dea mg with iron e g PME e dou Dd ppm of inhibitor for every ppm of iron above 1 8 Orthophosphate as 4 100 000 Organic phosphate as PO4 10 00000 WHAT DOES IT DO The module accepts values that are used in the inhibitor models to increase dosages The INH OK Cancel file is updated to include the rules entered PREREQUISITES An inhibitor file must exist WatSim Quick Reference Section Q37 FILES New Open File Save File Save File As Printer Setup What s Stored About WatSim QUIT INPUT CHEMISTRY Water Analysis Input pH Curve WHAT IF TEMPERATURE IMPACT Vary Temperature Graph vs Temperature pH IMPACT Vary pH Graph vs pH TEMPERATURE pH IMPACT 3D Profile CHEMISTRY AT TARGET At pH Target At D I C Target At Langelier Index Target Select Parameters REPORTS Print Temperature Impact Print pH Impact Print At pH Target Print At D I C Target Print At Langelier Index Target Print At Ryznar Index Target CORROSION RATES Choose Graphs Technical Manual Input Units Program Usage Print Mode 3D Graph Types Calc s DISPLAY PRINT OPTIONS TREATMENTS Select Product Input Lab Data EDIT CORRELATION Edit Coefficients Browse Correlations Browse Inhibitors Select
9. and Puckorius or Predictive Scaling Index are well documented Values calculated by WatSim for these indices should be very close to those calculated using normal methods Guidelines for these indices are covered in their respective sections of this manual It should be noted that these indices are limited to calcium carbonate scale potential They are based upon total calcium and total alkalinity present and may be of limited usefulness in high TDS waters for this reason The do not account for ion pairing It is recommended that these indices be used as points of reference only and that the more rigorous saturation level for calcite be adopted especially in high TDS waters 14 WatSim COLOR CODING Graphs produced by WatSim are color coded as an aid in interpreting them This section discusses the meaning of the colors Saturation Level and Simple Scale Indices RED Red signifies a definite problem prediction Corrective action such as treatment pH adjustment or concentration ratio decrease blowdown should be taken to eliminate or alleviate the problem Red signifies loss of control in TREATED SATURATION LEVEL PROFILES MAGENTA Magenta purple signifies that a problem is highly likely Some systems might be able to carry the degree of supersaturation indicated by magenta without deposition occurring Most system will scale if operated in the Magenta range without treatment YELLOW Yellow signifies that a problem will occur wi
10. as Fe Sulfate as 504 2 Fluoride as E M CHEMTREAT Ammonia as NH3 M Alkalinity as 03 Nitrate as NO3 pH pH Units P Alkalinity as CaC03 Temperature as z Flow rate gpm 5 Oxalate CaCO3 Corrosion rate System gal Cyanide CN m Date MM DD YR m capacity REPORTED AS BALANCING IONS CATIONS ANIONS Sodium Chloride Sulfate Potassium Nitrate BUCKMAN CALGON A RSEN _CHEMTREAT EET WatSim Quick Reference Section Q42 FILES New Open File Save File Save File As Printer Setup What s Stored About WatSim QUIT INPUT CHEMISTRY Water Analysis Input pH Curve WHAT IF TEMPERATURE IMPACT Vary Temperature Graph vs Temperature pH IMPACT Vary pH Graph vs pH TEMPERATURE pH IMPACT 3D Profile CHEMISTRY AT TARGET At pH Target At D I C Target At Langelier Index Target Select Parameters REPCRTS Print Temperature Impact Print pH Impact Print At pH Target Print At D I C Target Print At Langelier Index Target Print At Ryznar Index Target MODELS TREATMENTS Select Product CORROSION RATES Select Metal CREATE PRODUCT Input Product Input Lab Data EDIT CORRELATION Edit Coefficients Browse Correlations Browse Inhibitors Choose Graphs Input Units Print Mode 3D Graph Types C03 Calc s
11. fees and all related necessary and reasonable costs and expenses 66 e SEVERABILITY In the event that any one or more of the provisions of this Agreement shall for any reason be held to be invalid illegal or unenforceable the remaining provisions of this Agreement shall be unimpaired and the invalid illegal or unenforceable provisions shall be replaced by a mutually acceptable provisions which being valid and legally enforceable comes closest to the intention of the parties underlying the invalid illegal or unenforceable provision If this Agreement or any provisions hereof are held to be invalid illegal or unenforceable under the laws of a particular jurisdiction it is the intention of the parties that all of the provisions of this Agreement shall remain in full force and effect in all other states and jurisdictions f ATTACHMENTS The terms and conditions of the attachments and Exhibits to this Agreement are incorporated herein by this reference and shall constitute a part of this Agreement as if fully set forth herein g HEADINGS The section headings in this Agreement are for the purposes of reference only and shall not limit or otherwise affect any of the terms hereof h AUTHORITY Both parties warrant that all approvals necessary for the execution of this Agreement have been obtained and that the individuals signing the Order Form on behalf of their respective parties have full authority to do so 1 NOTICES Unless oth
12. file The Input Product module is available only in the WatSim Formulator and Laboratory Editions Inhibitor Formulation Input Form gt lati ipti E EE atn 1 Description Lacu INHIBITOR Product File Name P44 PR0 Inhibitor FAA 100 000 Inhibitor 2 0 000 Inhibitor 3 E 0 000 Inhibitors 0 000 Inhibitor 5 7 0 000 Inhibitor amp 0 000 Inhibitor 7 S S 0 000 i n s Actives 100 000 7 Spem Water 0 000 m Password Cale X Delete File Help ri HT nm iD 48 Use the Input Product module to create a new product file or modify an existing product file s Product Name Description or Formulation All entries are made in the form reproduced on the next page The Product Name and Description information entered are stored in the product file and used as the Product Name and Description list in the Select Product module pop up menu Inhibitors MUST be selected from the pop up menu list of available inhibitors on file Move the cursor to the Inhibitor Field Click on the button next to the ingredient field to pop up the list of available inhibitors Select the inhibitor of interest The inhibitor file will be loaded for the ingredient selected ENTER THE IN THE FORMULATION BASED UPON 100 ACTIVE INGREDIENTS e g if you are using a material which is 5096 active AMP and you wish to have the product be 10 active you
13. 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 6 1 4 0 9 PPO4 Solubility ppm 3 9 4 1 4 3 4 5 4 8 5 1 5 4 TOTAL VERSUS FREE IONS Total Calcium 42 9 42 9 42 9 42 9 42 9 42 9 42 9 EE Su TU CRAN 7 75 w Free Calcium 39 4 38 9 38 4 37 8 31 2 36 5 35 7 Total Carbonate 1 8 2 1 2 4 2 1 3 0 3 3 3 7 Free Carbonate 0 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 Total Phosphate 0 6 0 6 0 6 0 6 0 6 0 6 0 6 Free Phosphate 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 FREE ION MOMENTARY EXCESS ppm Calcite CaCO3 0 55 0 80 1 03 1 25 1 45 1 64 1 83 Aragonite CaCO3 0 42 0 67 0 91 1 13 1 33 1 52 1 72 2 we etn J 3 pp MLINIL Mier CorelDRAW J Wat 3 On Wat WatSim Quick Reference Section Q14 At pH Target lons To Print Scales To Print INPUT CHEMISTRY WHAT IF New Water Analysis TEMPERATURE IMPACT Print Temperature Impact TREATMENTS Input Lab Data Choose Graphs Technical Manual Open File Input pH Curve Vary Temperature Print pH Impact Select Product EDIT CORRELATION Input Units Program Usage Save File Graph vs Temperature Print At pH Target CORRCSIONRATES Edit Coefficients Print Mode Save File As pHIMPACT Print At D I C Target Select Metal Browse Correlations 3D Graph Types Printer Setup Vary pH Print At Langelier Index Target CREATE PRODUCT Browse Inhibitors C03 Calc s What s Stored Graph vs pH Print At Ryznar Index Target Input Product DISPLAY PRINT OPTIONS About WatSim TEMPERATURE IMPACT Output
14. 35 0 35 0 35 0 35 0 35 0 35 0 Silica 5102 0 13 0 11 0 10 0 09 0 08 0 07 0 06 Sulfate as 504 27 0 27 0 27 0 27 0 27 0 27 0 27 0 Brucite Mg OH 2 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 Acidity 227 0 225 8 224 9 224 1 223 4 222 7 222 0 Magnesium silicate 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 01 0 01 M Alkalinity 215 1 215 4 215 7 215 9 216 2 216 6 216 9 Ferric hydroxide 23 63 31 26 40 93 52 81 67 00 83 46 101 88 P Alkalinity 1 5 1 8 2 0 2 3 2 6 3 0 3 3 Siderite FeCO3 h 0 95 1 25 1 61 2 02 2 48 3 00 3 57 Phosphate as PO4 0 6 0 6 0 6 0 6 0 6 0 6 0 6 Strengite FePO4 0 13 0 19 0 30 0 44 0 63 0 90 1 23 Pyrophosphate as PO4 0 9 0 9 0 9 0 9 0 9 0 9 0 9 H2S as 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SIMPLE INDICES Fluoride as F 1 08 1 08 1 08 1 08 1 08 1 08 1 08 Nitrate as 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 AM DIL M 2s er rae He Pe I PM ARAME Puckorius Practical 6 7 6 5 6 3 6 2 6 1 5 9 5 8 TERE 7 80 7 80 7 80 7 80 7 80 7 80 7 80 Larson Skold 0 4 0 4 0 4 0 4 0 4 0 4 0 4 Temperature Deg F 70 00 80 00 90 00 100 00 110 00 120 00 130 00 CCPP 2 1 2 7 3 3 3 8 4 4 5 0 5 6 Calculated T D S 481 31 480 75 480 31 480 00 479 76 479 55 479 36 98 Sulfuric Acid 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 CRITICAL PARAMETERS Caustic Soda 87 50 87 50 87 50 87 50 87 50 87 50 87 50 D I C mg C L 53 01 52 90 52 82 52 75 52 71 52 66 52 62 Cu Solubility ppm 1 48 1 29 0 897 0 625 0 438 0 310 0 222 Ph Solubility ppb 1 31 1 28 0 915 0 667 0 494 0 370 0 280 Zn Solubility ppm 1
15. 8 0 This is comparable to the old guidelines for acid chromate programs 150 ppm as S1O2 used by most water treatment companies when such treatments were acceptable It is of particular importance to evaluate silica saturation level in systems with borderline solubility as water temperature or pH decrease seasonally Magnesium silicate Mag silicate compounds do not necessarily form due to a stoichiometric reaction The author believes that magnesium silicate forms through the adsorption of silica onto precipitated magnesium hydroxide Brucite saturation level was added to WatSim calculated indices as a measure of the potential for magnesium silicate to form in a cooling system based upon this philosophy Ifa water is supersaturated with magnesium hydroxide Brucite and even low levels of reactive silica are present in the water magnesium silicate formation is possible Magnesium silicate formation is probable when the water is supersaturated with Brucite and silica levels are 40 ppm as SiO2 or above A recent NACE paper reported the formation of stoichiometric magnesium silicate scales in cooling systems A stoichiometric form was added tot he scales evaluated by WatSim as a result of this paper Precipitation might be expected when the magnesium silicate saturation level exceeds 1 2 Calcium fluoride Treatment or operating parameter changes are recommended when the saturation level for Fluorite exceeds 1 0 Tricalcium phosphate T
16. I C Target At Langelier Index Target Select Parameters INPUT LAB DATA SELECTION PURPOSE The Input Lab Data module in the New Inhibitor Data In put 4 LABORATORY pull down menu is used to create inhibitor INH files Inhibitor Name Pyrophosphate Raw Data File pyro COR WHEN SHOULD IT BE USED Use the Input Laboratory Data HE concson inh x S module to create a new inhibitor file from laboratory and or field E 1o dis dosage and chemistry data to modify an existing inhibitor file s Property Modeled Corr il Inhibitor Name Description to to add or delete water chemistry data to modify the correlation Orthophosphate as PO4 0 0000 Pyrophosphate as PO 4 100 000 Zinc as Zn 0 0000 WHAT DOES IT DO The module accepts input data for a inhibitor Molecular Weight 154 000000 ID amp NN file calculates WatSim indices for each analysis dosage entered and uses multiple regression techniques to develop mathematical Property Variable Transform Lower Upper correlations for the inhibitor and outputs the new or updated inhibitor me ie Limit Limit INH file Mas rcm 3800 3800 PREREQUISITES Five data points should be entered at a bare Vaiable2 99m s bones minimum Variable 3 3900 3800 Vales GY s 5 E ao 9900 vamle8 E s DK WatSim Quick Reference Secti
17. Metal CREATE PRODUCT Input Product RAW LAB DATA FILE BROWSE amp DELETE d muni cor cor cul cor example COR LE4D1 COR Description Pyrophosphate Corrosion Inhib pyro inh WatSim Quick Reference Section DELETE Output Size On Screen Output Windows To Display lons To Print Scales To Print BROWSE CORRELATIONS SELECTION PURPOSE The Browse Correlation module in the LABORATORY pull down menu to see what inhibitor names and descriptions are available WHEN SHOULD IT BE USED Use the Browse Correlation module to see what inhibitors are available with raw laboratory data WHAT DOES IT DO The module lists the inhibitors for which you have raw data PREREQUISITES Correlation files must exist Q38 INPUT CHEMISTRY WHAT IF New Water Analysis TEMPERATURE IMPACT Print Temperature Impact TREATMENTS Input Lab Data Choose Graphs Technical Manual Open File Input pH Curve Vary Temperature Print pH Impact Select Product EDIT CORRELATION Input Units Program Usage Save File Graph vs Temperature Print At pH Target CORROSIONRATES Edit Coefficients Print Mode Save File As pH IMPACT Print At D I C Target Select Metal Browse Correlations 3D Graph Types Printer Setup Vary pH Print At Langelier Index Target CREATE PRODUCT C03 Calc s What s Stored Graph vs pH Print At Ryznar Index Target Input Product DISPLAY PRINT
18. OF THE PROGRAM DISK S PUT THE ORIGINAL DISKETTE S IN A SAFE PLACE AND USE THE BACKUP AS YOUR WORKING INSTALLATION DISK WRITE PROTECT THE BACKUP DISKETTE S ONCE THE COPY IS MADE The program is installed like most Windows software by running the SETUP EXE file on the installation diskette 1 Insert the program diskette in the floppy drive 2 Use the Windows RUN command to execute A SETUP EXE press enter You can also execute by double clicking on the SETUP EXE program icon from FILE MANAGER FILE EXPLORER or MY COMPUTER depending on your version of Windows replace A with B to install from the B drive 3 The install program will search for an existing installation You must install to the WATER directory e g C WATER or D WATER 4 Execute the program by clicking on the French Creek Software Icon by using the Windows RUN command or from the Windows START menu 24 Selecting Analytical Units The first time WatSim 15 run it will display a warning that default analytical input units are in affect This is a reminder to run the Input Units module which can be selected from the Preferences menu and choose the analytical reporting units used by your company pes peu pes pe gt pus gt coo M ____ P M LR LR F Analytical units are available for almost any reporting method in use Date format can also be changed in this module You might also wish to select the ions which will b
19. PRODUCT x 100 ACUMER 2000 100 ACUMER 3100 100 ACUMER 5000 100 AMP 100 HEDP 100 OPTIDOSE 2000 100 OPTIDOSE 3100 100 orthophosphate 10096 100 PBTC 1010 Carbon Steel AQUATREAT AR 540 BELCLENE 161 4 Inhib Ca P04 Inhib 5102 Inhibitor CaCO3 INHIBITOR CaCO3 INHIBITOR Ca P04 Inhib 4 Inhib corrosion inhib CaCO3 INHIBITOR STRESSED CaCO3 General Etch 4 Inhib CaS04A Inhibitor Cancel These new features are common throughout the French Creek Software product line Other menu bar selections such as PROPERTIES and OUTPUT allow you to further customize a graph or table Use PROPERTIES to switch a graph from treated to untreated color coding or from bar graph format to contour PROPERTIES also can switch between grey scale and color display and printing PROPERTIES also allows the reversal of axis when appropriate The OUTPUT selections include Copy to the clipboard which will copy a table or graph to the clipboard for pasting into another application 40 NOTE WHEN COPYING A TABLE A WORD PROCESSING PROGRAM MAKE SURE A FIXED WIDTH FONT SUCH AS COURIER IS SELECTED The table may lose all alignment when pasted into a word processing window with a variable width font e g Times New Roman selected as the current font If you encounter this don t despair 1 Go to the Word Processors SELECT ALL command The entire table should be highlighted 2 Goto the FONT selecti
20. Print At Ryznar Index Target TREATMENTS Select Product CORROSION RATES Select Metal CREATE PRODUCT Input Product Input Lab Data EDIT CORRELATION Edit Coefficients Browse Correlations Browse Inhibitors Choose Graphs Input Units Print Mode 3D Graph Types C03 Calc s TEMPERATURE pH IMPACT 3D Profile CHEMISTRY AT TARGET At pH Target At D I C Target At Langelier Index Target Select Parameters 04 21 2003 ANIONS Chloride as Cl M Alkalinity as CaCO3 P Alkalinity as CaCO3 Silica as 5102 Sampled 04 21 2003 at 2040 35 00 179 50 0 830 14 00 Phosphate as PO4 Pyrophosphate as PO4 28 25 Fluoride as F Nitrate as NO3 COMMENTS WatSim Quick Reference Section OPTIONS Sample ID SATURAT Calcite Aragonite Anhydrite Gypsum Calcium y Zinc phospha Hyd apati Silica Fluorite Brucite Magnesium si Ferric hyc Siderite Strengite CRI lub Sol Calcium phosphat Date 1 Report ION LEVEL as PO4 te te Ca5 PO4 3 OH 5102 2 Mg 0H 2 licate MgSio3 xide Fe OH 3 FeCO3 FePO4 2H20 SIMPLE INDICES TICAL PARAMETERS ility ppm ubility ppm 04 21 2003 DISPLAY PRINT OPTIONS Output Size On Screen Output Windows To Display lons To Print Scales To Print SOURCE WATER DEPOSITION POTENTIAL INDICATORS AT L S I TARGET Sampled BOUND IONS Ca
21. Size On Screen QUIT 3D Profile Output Windows To Display CHEMISTRY AT TARGET At D I C Target At Langelier Index Target Select Parameters GRAPH VERSUS TEMPERATURE SELECTION PURPOSE The Graph Versus Temperature module in the WHAT IF SCENARIOS pulldown menu models the impact of temperature upon lead and copper solubility and upon WatSima indicators of scale and corrosivity potential Temperature trends are presented as 2D graphs WHEN SHOULD IT BE USED Select Graph Versus Temperature to evaluate solubilities and the indicators of scale and corrosivity potential over the expected operating temperature range for the cooling system Include the minimum and maximum expected temperatures to assure for example that both the salts whose solubility decreases with temperature and those whose solubility increase with temperature are modeled under their harshest expected conditions WHAT DOES IT DO The Vary Temperature module evaluates the water chemistry at seven 7 temperatures evenly spaced from the minimum temperature you selected to the maximum Default values are a 70 F minimum and 130 F maximum Profiles are calculated at the Typical pH entered Popup menus for selecting display and output options can be activated from the top menu bar when a graph is displayed The 2D graphs generated are color coded from blue least cause for concern to red highest problem potential Gray scale screens are used for monochrome systems and p
22. TEMPERATURE pH IMPACT 3D Profile CHEMISTRY AT TARGET At pH Target At D I C Target At Langelier Index Target Select Parameters Print Setup Printer Name hp psc 700 series Status Type Where Comment Ready hp psc 700 series DOT4 01 Paper Size Letter 85 11 in Properties Orientation Portrait Source Auto Network C Landscape Cancel WatSim Quick Reference Section selection aceeses the standard Windows printer select routines Choose Graphs Input Units Print Mode 3D Graph Types Calc s DISPLAY PRINT OPTIONS Output Size On Screen Output Windows To Display lons To Print Scales To Print Technical Manual Program Usage PRINTER SETUP SELECTION PURPOSE Use the Printer Select module in the PREFERENCES pull down menu to identify the printer and port WatSim should use for output You can also opt to print to file in this module This WHEN SHOULD IT BE USED Select Printer Select should be run the first time you run WatSim and any time the printer or port to which it is attached are changed Also use this module to print to file WHAT DOES IT DO The Printer Select module saves the printer type and port to the WatSim configuration file so that the program uses output control codes appropriate for the printer and so that hard copies are directed to the correct printer port PREREQUISITES None you should have
23. Vary Temperature Graph vs Temperature pH IMPACT Vary pH Graph vs pH TEMPERATURE pH IMPACT 3D Profile CHEMISTRY AT TARGET At pH Target At D I C Target At Langelier Index Target Select Parameters REPCRTS Print Temperature Impact Print pH Impact Print At pH Target Print At D I C Target Print At Langelier Index Target Print At Ryznar Index Target MODELS TREATMENTS Select Product CORROSION RATES Select Metal CREATE PRODUCT Input Product LABORATORY Input Lab Data EDIT CORRELATION Edit Coefficients Browse Correlations Browse Inhibitors CO3 CALC s SELECTION PURPOSE The CO3 Calc s module in the PREFERENCES pull down menu allows the user to determine how the program will handle calculations involving carbon dioxide equilibrium with the atmosphere The user can elect to conserve molar carbon in calculations or PREFERENCES HELP Choose Graphs Input Units Print Mode 3D Graph Types C03 Calc s DISPLAY PRINT OPTIONS Output Size On Screen Output Windows To Display lons To Print Scales To Print Technical Manual Program Usage WHEN SHOULD IT BE USED The CO3 Calc s module should rarely be used The default method for systems is to conserve molar carbon This would be the case in a closed system which does not exchange CO2 with the atmosphere The default case for cooling tower calculations is to conserve alkalinity This would be expected for a an open syst
24. WHAT IF TEMPERATURE IMPACT Vary Temperature Graph vs Temperature pH IMPACT Vary pH Graph vs pH TEMPERATURE pH IMPACT 3D Profile CHEMISTRY AT TARGET At pH Target At D I C Target At Langelier Index Target Select Parameters REPCRTS Print Temperature Impact Print pH Impact MODELS TREATMENTS Print At pH Target CORROSION RATES Print At D I C Target Select Metal Print At Langelier Index Target CREATE PRODUCT Print At Ryznar Index Target Input Product Select Product LABORATORY Input Lab Data EDIT CORRELATION Edit Coefficients Browse Correlations Browse Inhibitors SELECTION PURPOSE The 3D Graph Type module in the PREFERENCES pull down menu sets the initial graph type for 3D and 4D graphs as either the Bar or Contour type PREREQUISITES None WARNING 3D GRAPH TYPE PREFERENCES HELP Choose Graphs Input Units Print Mode 3D Graph Types C03 Calc s DISPLAY PRINT OPTIONS Output Size On Screen Output Windows To Display lons To Print Scales To Print 3D plots will be in CONTOUR PLOT format Switch to BAR GRAPH PLOTS Y N WatSim Quick Reference Section Yes No Technical Manual Program Usage Q44 FILES New Open File Save File Save File As Printer Setup What s Stored About WatSim QUIT INPUT CHEMISTRY Water Analysis Input pH Curve conserve alkalinity WHAT IF TEMPERATURE IMPACT
25. You might wish to Paste the number into the Subject field of an E Mail Or you might wish to paste it into the subject field of a FAX FAST TRACK INSTALLATION Insert the diskette in floppy drive A or B or the CD in the CD drive Execute the program SETUP EXE from FILE MANAGER Or Use the Windows RUN command to launch SETUP EXE Be sure install to the MUNI directory e g C MUNI or DMMUNI ZAMUNI To Execute WatSim Click on the French Creek icon or use the run command for MUNIWATSIM EXE Click on the START Button in Win95 98 2000 Me XP or NT and select the WatSim icon in the French Creek program group
26. a printer connected to the computer Q6 At D I C Target At Langelier Index Target Select Parameters WORK FILE BROWSE amp DELETE Date Time rau ID ez Sample Description d muni sim manexam sim System Type Version muni DELETE Ena WatSim Quick Reference Section INPUT CHEMISTRY WHAT IF New Water Analysis TEMPERATURE IMPACT Print Temperature Impact TREATMENTS Input Lab Data Choose Graphs Technical Manual Open File Input pH Curve Vary Temperature Print pH Impact Select Product EDIT CORRELATION Input Units Program Usage Save File Graph vs Temperature Print At pH Target CORRCSIONRATES Edit Coefficients Print Mode Save File As pH IMPACT Print At D I C Target Select Metal Browse Correlations 3D Graph Types Printer Setup Vary pH Print At Langelier Index Target CREATE PRODUCT Browse Inhibitors C03 Calc s Graph vs pH Print At Ryznar Index Target Input Product DISPLAY PRINT OPTIONS About WatSim TEMPERATURE pH IMPACT Output Size On Screen QUIT 3D Profile Output Windows To Display CHEMISTRY AT TARGET lons To Print At pH Target Scales To Print WHAT S STORED SELECTION PURPOSE The What s Stored selection in the FILES pulldown menu allows you to quickly scan the work files saved from WatSima The ID analysis description fields comments and file type are displayed for each filename selected WHEN SHOULD IT BE USED Select What s Stored when you can t q
27. and one additional selection SELECT PRODUCT This module displays a list of the products on file and their description The Product Names and Descriptions listed are derived from the Product PRD files Printouts contain one additional line for the recommended dosage for the current product selected An additional graph selection is available for Product dosage profiles Although the Engineer s Edition of the program allows the use of the mathematical models and formulation data in the product file the original data cannot be accessed Someone with a product file cannot determine the active ingredients or their percentage in the formulated product The Formulator s Edition adds a second additional selection to the FORMULARY menu INPUT PRODUCT The product s name description and formulation are entered in this menu to create a Product PRD file Only inhibitors for which you have Inhibitor INH files can be included in the formulations The Laboratory Edition adds a second additional pull down menu which is appropriately labeled LABORATORY Water chemistry data dosage temperature and the time period during which the water was stable are entered into the RAW DATA INPUT module Once data is entered multiple regression is used to develop a model and determine the goodness of fit between your data and the model This module generates Inhibitor files for use by the Formulator version of the program or the related modules in the Laborat
28. can also be changed from the menu bar Products can be changed from the menu bar selection and the graph will update automatically as required PREREQUISITES There no prerequisites for the 3D Profile module other than the input of SOURCE WATER CHEMISTRY The module will ask you to select graphs from a scrolling vertical menu if none are selected You can change the graph selection using the Select Graphs option from the PREFERENCES pulldown menu You can change the graph selection using the Select Graphs option from the PREFERENCES pulldown menu or from the Choose Graphs option on the menu bar at the top of a displayed graph WatSim Quick Reference Section Q21 Calcite Saturation Level 50 0 9 40 0 S5 30 0 S 20 0 a o 10 0 uL S Uy A Z 227267 380107 PB d 52 WatSim Quick Reference Section Q22 PREFERENCES Print Temperature Impact Print pH Impact Print At pH Target Print At D I C Target Print At Langelier Index Target Print At Ryznar Index Target TREATMENTS Input Lab Data Select Product EDIT CORRELATION CORROSIONRATES Edit Coefficients Select Metal Browse Correlations CREATE PRODUCT Browse Inhibitors Input Product INPUT CHEMISTRY WHAT IF New Water Analysis TEMPERATURE IMPACT Open File Input pH Curve Vary Temperature Save File Graph vs Temperature Save File As pHIMPACT Printer Setup Vary pH What s Stored Graph vs pH About WatSim TEMPERATURE pH IMPACT QU
29. carbonate scale formation and growth It provides no indication of how much scale CaCO3 will precipitate to bring a water to equilibrium It simply indicates the driving force for scale formation and growth in terms of pH as a master variable The Langelier saturation index is defined as Langelier saturation index pH pHs e pH is the measured water pH e pHs is the pH where the water will be saturated at equilibrium with respect to CaCO3 In the water pH range of 6 5 to 9 5 the pH calculation simplifies to pHs pK pKs pCa pAlk e pK is the negative logio of the second dissociation e constant for carbonic acid e pK is the negative logio of the solubility product for calcite e pCa is the negative logio of calcium measured in the water e pAlk is the negative log 10 of the total alkalinity measured for the water being evaluated WatSim uses the full iterative method for estimating the pH of saturation for calcite for calculating the Langelier saturation index The LSI is analogous to voltage for those who are electrically minded A voltage is the driving force for moving electrons across a resistance As voltage potential difference increases there is a higher driving force for current electron flow Voltage however indicates nothing of the current being moved The LSI and other saturation level based indices describe the driving force for scale formation and growth but say little of the amount of scale which wi
30. concentration ratios for a cycled water or a broader pH and temperature My Documents E _ range fora water 8 File name 5 WHAT DOES IT DO The Open File module loads all input and Computer Files of type work files sim calculated values from a previously saved disk file Parameters in effect ai NS ij id when the work was saved are also loaded including graph choices WHAT DO YOU NEED You need the name of the file where previous work was stored as well as the disk drive and directory and or subdirectory information Unless you specify otherwise WatSim automatically saves files on the disk drive and directory from which the program was executed WatSim Quick Reference Section Q3 CHEMISTRY AT TARGET At pH Target lons To Print Scales To Print INPUT CHEMISTRY WHAT IF REPCRTS MODELS LABORATORY New Water Analysis TEMPERATURE IMPACT Print Temperature Impact TREATMENTS Input Lab Data Choose Graphs Technical Manual Open File Input pH Curve Vary Temperature Print pH Impact Select Product EDIT CORRELATION Input Units Program Usage Graph vs Temperature Print At pH Target CORRCSIONRATES Edit Coefficients Print Mode Save File As pH IMPACT Print At D I C Target Select Metal Browse Correlations 3D Graph Types Printer Setup Vary pH Print At Langelier Index Target CREATE PRODUCT Browse Inhibitors C03 Calc s What s Stored Graph vs pH
31. documentation is exported under a General License designation GTDA Customer certifies to French Creek that neither the technical data in the form of software or manuals nor the direct product thereof is intended to be shipped either directly or indirectly to Country Groups Q S W Y or Z nor Afghanistan or the Peoples Republic of China without further compliance with the Validated License requirements of the Office of Export Administration United States Department of Commerce Customer agrees to use this technical data only at authorized destinations and Customer will not knowingly permit exportation or transshipment in violation of the above law and regulations thereunder Customer agrees to indemnify and hold French Creek harmless from any and all costs damages fines or other expenses incurred by French Creek by reason of Customer s violation of these representations of Customer b Each copy of the System may only be used by Customer on one equipment work station as defined in the System documentation at any one time Customer may not use or allow use of the System in any time sharing or service bureau arrangement or with any interactive cable system or local area network Customer may only use the System for its own internal business or in servicing the business requirements of its clients for whom Customer performs services c Customer shall not release or allow the release of the System or its related documentation in any form
32. ion can be selected in this module for input units Alkalinity units can be specified as M and P alkalinity as CaCO3 corrected or uncorrected HCO3 and CO3 in mg l as the ions or as milliliters of N 30 sulfuric acid M and P alkalinity input are the default For example you can select from Ca as Ca or Ca as CaCO3 on this form Other notable types are Fe as Fe Fe as CaCO3 or Fe as Fe203 When this form is displayed the NALCO button selects the reporting format used by Nalco for analytical units the CALGON button selects the Calgon format the BETZ DEARBORN the Betz format the BUCKMAN button selects the buckman Laboratories format and the ASHLAND button selects the Drew format This menu can also be selected by pressing the INPUT UNITS button in any of the water chemistry input forms WHAT DOES IT DO The Input Units module accepts the desired units for analyses entry via a user friendly entry form WatSim performs conversions of input data to its internal format based upon the input units selected in this module Input unit preferences are stored in WatSim save files sim PREREQUISITES None WatSim Quick Reference Section 41 ANALYTICAL UNITS SELECTION Calcium as CaCO3 Aluminum ea Sulfide COMPANY UNITS ASHLAND Magnesium as 03 5 Boron as z Silica as 502 zh Sodium as 5 Zinc as Zn zl Phosphate P04 B Potassium as Chloride as Cl Polyphosphate as P04 Betz Dearborn Iron
33. is run both the pH and temperature ranges selected for the scenario are used for calculations Once a graph is displayed it can be printed from the options menu bar copied to the Windows clipboard and pasted into another application or saved as a PCX TIF or BMP file 35 3D OPERATING RANGE PROFILES This module uses the Operating Range Specification to model the operating range at the Typical Concentration Ratio over the Low to High Temperature range and the Low to High pH range IF an acid pH control option was selected pH control is used Graphs can be displayed as 3D bar graphs or as 3D contour plots The Options Menu Bar has selections to toggle the graph type from 3D Bar to 3D contour when a bar graph is displayed andto toggle the graph type between 3D Contour and 3D Bar plots The CHOOSE GRAPHS module can be used to select the graphs desired It presents an identical menu of graphs as the CHOOSE GRAPHS options on the menu bar at the top of a displayed graph Once a graph 15 displayed on the screen it can be saved as a PCX BMP or file for use in other programs such as word processing programs or printed Calculated values used to plot the 3D graphs can be exported as quotation mark comma delimited ASCII files These DAT files can be imported into most spreadsheet and graphics programs and used to recreate graphs or further manipulate the data 36 pH PREDICTION Predicting pH as the water cycles is one of the mo
34. make changes The program will sound a warning when the first analysis on file is reached The program will ask if you wish to add another analysis when the last analysis is reached Once all data has been entered press Correlate to invoke the statistical analysis of the data and generation of an inhibitor file A table of predicted versus input dosages will be displayed Use this table to determine crudely how well the data was modeled A correlation coefficient is also output Typical coefficients for usable models will range from 0 9 to 1 00 Pressing the Graph button will present further information on the correlation in graphical format 56 Predicted vs Actual Dosages Error ve Calcium PO4 x Sat Predicted mal Difference Actual Dosage mal Calcium 4 Sat w Error vs Temperature 2 Error vs pH Difference Difference Temperature The Input Lab Data module is available only in the WatSim Laboratory Edition The Edit Coefficients module is used to add special rules and safety factors to the inhibitor files The raw laboratory analysis and calculated values are stored in a COR file The data is used to create an inhibitor INH file OPERATION HINTS 1 Enter inhibitor dosages on a 100 ACTIVE BASIS 2 Make backup copies of COR files under another name This will prevent anguish and stressed tempers when a COR file with a thousand or so analysis is over written unintentionally 3 Always pres
35. o o OoOnwonw 8 07 8 33 8 60 7 79 18 03 37 09 6 63 15 36 31 59 0 01 0 00 0 00 0 01 0 01 0 00 0 98 1 81 2 32 0 00 0 02 0 04 0 07 0 05 0 02 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 07 0 07 0 07 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 01 0 03 0 08 31 69 158 67 127 97 3 98 3 88 2 49 0 36 0 12 0 03 1 0 1 4 1 9 6 1 5 5 4 9 5 4 4 8 4 2 0 2 0 1 0 1 13 1 36 9 95 9 79 92 121 89 186 52 0 423 0 405 0 365 0 166 0 0559 0 0191 5 7 7 4 10 9 42 9 42 9 42 9 34 7 30 9 25 1 8 3 22 8 62 3 3 1 10 9 31 8 0 6 0 6 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 39 16 91 47 22 2 Q18 INPUT CHEMISTRY WHAT IF New Water Analysis TEMPERATURE IMPACT Print Temperature Impact TREATMENTS Input Lab Data Choose Graphs Technical Manual Open File Input pH Curve Vary Temperature Print pH Impact Select Product EDIT CORRELATION Input Units Program Usage Save File Graph vs Temperature Print At pH Target CORROSIONRATES Edit Coefficients Print Mode Save File As pH IMPACT Print At D I C Target Select Metal Browse Correlations 3D Graph Types Printer Setup Vary pH Print At Langelier Index Target CREATE PRODUCT Browse Inhibitors C03 Calc s What s Stored Graph vs pH Print At Ryznar Index Target Input Product DISPLAY PRINT OPTIONS About WatSim TEMPERATURE IMPACT Output Size On Screen QUIT 3D Profile Output Windows To Display CHEMISTRY AT TARGET lons To Print At pH Target Scales To Print At D I C Target At Langelier Index Target
36. observed in highly buffered waters Researchers Stumm 3 Lowenthal and Marais 4 have shown that waters supersaturated with calcium carbonate often develop tubercular deposit which do not inhibit corrosion on mild steel This behavior is typically associated with waters of low buffer capacity Puckorius 5 also warned against using saturation level derived indices as the basis for foretelling corrosion problems in cooling systems The Langelier saturation index is elegantly derived in the original published form 2 It is also thoroughly explained by Lowenthal and Marais 4 RYZNAR STABILITY INDEX The Ryznar stability index attempts to correlate an empirical data base of scale thickness observed in municipal water systems to the water chemistry Like the Langelier saturation index the Ryznar stability index has its basis in the concept of saturation level Ryznar attempted to quantify the relationship between calcium carbonate saturation state and scale formation The Ryznar index takes the form Ryznar stability index 2 pHs pH The empirical correlation of the Ryznar stability index can be summarized as follows RSI 6 scale tendency increases as the index decreases RSI gt gt 7 calcium carbonate formation will probably not lead to a protective corrosion inhibitor film RSI gt gt 8 mild steel corrosion becomes an increasing problem WatSim uses the pH calculated by the rigorous iterative method for RSI estimation PUC
37. output windows which will be displayed on the screen A value of 55 will typically assure that all of the outputs can be viewed without scrolling This value will work with XGA 1024 x 768 resolution or above WHEN SHOULD IT BE USED When it is desirable to resize the output windows WHAT IT DOES This module re sizes the windows and fonts WatSim Quick Reference Section Select Printout Size 9 m ni This dialog determines how many lines of an output will fit on the visible display screen 55 lines per screen will show the entire output pages on the screen Q46 FILES INPUT CHEMISTRY WHAT IF REPCRTS MODELS LABORATORY New Water Analysis TEMPERATURE IMPACT Print Temperature Impact TREATMENTS Input Lab Data Choose Graphs Technical Manual Open File Input pH Curve Vary Temperature Print pH Impact Select Product EDIT CORRELATION Input Units Program Usage Save File Graph vs Temperature Print At pH Target CORROSIONRATES Edit Coefficients Print Mode Save File As pH IMPACT Print At D I C Target Select Metal Browse Correlations 3D Graph Types Printer Setup Vary pH Print At Langelier Index Target CREATE PRODUCT Browse Inhibitors C03 Calc s What s Stored Graph vs pH Print At Ryznar Index Target Input Product DISPLAY PRINT OPTIONS About WatSim TEMPERATURE pH IMPACT Output Size On Screen QUIT 3D Profile Output Windows To Display CHEMISTRY AT TARCET lons To Print At pH
38. such services at its then current consulting charges 3 PAYMENT The fees and payment terms for the System and services are set forth in the Order Form Customer shall be responsible for the payment of any and all taxes or amounts paid in lieu thereof however designated levied or based on the System license granted hereunder or upon the services to be rendered or otherwise on account of this Agreement exclusive only of taxes based on French Creek s net income French Creek reserves the right to terminate the System license for failure to pay related license fees or taxes and or to terminate any service for failure to pay related service fees or taxes as stated in the Order Form 4 CONDITIONS TO SYSTEM LICENSE French Creek hereby grants Customer a license to operate the System subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement The WatSim license is a non exclusive non transferable right to use the System Failure to abide by any of the conditions stated in this Agreement may result in termination of the license granted in this Agreement The WatSim license is subject to the following conditions a Customer acknowledges that the software and other technical data licensed hereunder are subject to export controls imposed on Customer and French Creek by the provisions of the United States Export Administration Act of 1979 as amended and that the software is exported under a General Export License designation GTDR and that 63 the
39. to any third party except to Customer s employees who are directly concerned with the licensed use of the System except as otherwise specifically stated herein d Customer shall not copy the System except for purposes of normal backup and testing without the prior written consent of French Creek In the event that Customer copies the System or its accompanying documentation as stated herein Customer agrees to also copy French Creek s copyright notices and or other proprietary notices in the same manner location and method of presentation as existed in the materials supplied by French Creek to Customer e Other than as stated in this Agreement Customer understands and agrees that it has no right title or interest in the System and agrees that it shall not attempt at any time to transfer its rights to use the System without the prior written consent of French Creek Customer agrees that it will not use System except as stated herein Customer further agrees that it will not modify decompile or disassemble the System nor shall Customer incorporate the System into any updated or derivative work without the prior written consent of French Creek For purposes of this Agreement the term updated or derivative work is intended to refer to the use of the System either in whole or in part in the development of some other system of work whether or not such other system or work is operated by computer or otherwise The term updated or deriva
40. to the ion activity product expected if the water were at equilibrium Ksp In WatSim graphically profiles the degree of supersaturation is labeled as this ratio IAP Ksp This ratio has many names and is referred to as Saturation Level Degree of supersaturation and x Saturation This ratio will be referred to as Saturation Level or Degree of supersaturation throughout the manual The following general guidelines can be applied to interpreting the degree of supersaturation 1 If the saturation level is less than 1 0 a water is under saturated with respect to the scalant under study The water will tend to dissolve rather than form scale of the type for which the index was calculated As the saturation level decreases and approaches 0 0 the probability of forming this scale in a finite period of time also approaches 0 2 A water in contact with a solid form of the scale will tend to dissolve or precipitate the compound until an IAP Ksp ratio of 1 0 is achieved This will occur if the water is left undisturbed for an infinite period of time under the same conditions A water with a saturation level of 1 0 is at equilibrium with the solid phase It will not tend to dissolve or precipitate the scale 3 As the saturation level IAP Ksp increases above 1 0 the tendency to precipitate the compound increases Most waters can carry a moderate level of supersaturation before precipitation occurs in a finite period of time such as the seconds t
41. treater to readily evaluate the solubility of lead and copper and scale potential for common scalants over the broadest of operating ranges without the necessity for tedious manual calculations WatSim calculates and profiles simples indices such as the Langelier saturation index Ryznar stability index Puckorius equilibrium index Larson s Ratio and C C P P Even when all of these common indices are available conflicting results can cloud interpretation WatSim provides additional information in the form of sophisticated ion association model saturation levels WatSim allows a water chemist to review popular sophisticated and some less known indicators to develop a more complete picture of problems and potential problems expected from a water WatSim includes the ability to model and predict corrosion rates as a function of water chemistry with and without chemical adjustment WatSim calculates theses indicators over the operating parameter ranges you specify and presents them in graphical as well as tabular form The indicators are applicable to municipal and industrial systems WHEN TEMPERED BY YOUR EXPERIENCE AND KNOWLEDGE OF WATER TREATMENT The program can be applied to long as well as short residence time systems WatSim can assist the operator or water chemist in establishing control limits based on pH D I C and temperature profiles The program can help estimate acid or alkali requirements to maintain a prescribed pH control po
42. 15 utm WatSim s Fuzzy Chemistry Profiles Predict Problems Over A Broad Range of Operating Conditions Calcite Saturation Level 6 00 5 00 4 00 3 00 2 00 1 00 0 00 Saturation Level Color coding identifies the severity of the problem Blue signifies a safe range Green indicates a mild problem potential if conditions change slightly Yellow warns you to check measurements trouble is near Magenta indicates a problem is likely Take corrective action Red warns of a problem Treatment or other remedial action is required 16 WatSim Series Most of us use our own system for varying inhibitor treatment levels with water chemistry Over the years we ve developed our own rules of thumb For example Most of use apply higher levels of inhibitors as temperature increases Most of us increase dosage as the driving force for scale formation increases Higher levels of CaCO3 inhibitors are applied as the Langelier Saturation index or calcite saturation level increase Many of us will feed higher inhibitor levels to a 72 hour holding time index system than to a 3 hour residence time system And finally most of us will feed a slightly higher dosage in high pH systems other things being equal dosages for scale inhibitors are applied as a function of a driving force for scale formation and growth e g Calcite saturation level temperature as it affects reaction rates pH as it affects the dissociation state of t
43. 23 00 129 18 1 30 0 02 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 35 0 27 0 331 3 335 3 8 07 110 00 671 18 0 00 179 77 Sampled 04 21 2003 at 2040 8 33 107 00 23 00 210 77 1 30 0 02 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 DEPOSITION POTENTIAL INDICATORS VERSUS pH OPTIONS CHANGE RANGE Sample ID 0 Report Date 04 21 2003 SATURATION LEVEL Calcite CaCO3 Aragonite CaCO3 Anhydrite CaS04 Gypsum CaSo4 2H20 Tricalcium phosphate Hydroxylapatite Ca polyphosphate Zinc phosphate Fluorite CaF2 Silica 5102 Brucite Mq OH 2 Magnesium silicate Ferric hydroxide Siderite FeCO3 Strengite FePO4 SIMPLE INDICES Langelier Saturation Ryznar Stability Puckorius Practical Larson Skold CCPP CRITICAL PARAMETERS D I C mg C L Cu Solubility ppm Pb Solubility ppb Zn Solubility ppm PPO4 Solubility ppm TOTAL VERSUS FREE IONS Total Calcium Free Calcium Total Carbonate Free Carbonate Total Phosphate Free Phosphate 7 00 7 27 0 15 0 43 0 13 0 37 0 02 0 01 0 02 0 01 0 01 0 03 0 00 0 00 0 12 0 13 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 08 0 08 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 2 28 7 80 0 15 0 43 0 59 0 72 0 8 0 3 8 5 7 9 8 0 7 3 2 1 1 0 0 3 0 1 0 4 0 4 4 3 4 1 42 9 42 9 38 4 39 0 0 1 0 4 0 1 0 2 0 6 0 6 0 0 0 0 FREE ION MOMENTARY EXCESS ppm Calcite CaCO3 Aragonite CaCO3 0 52 0 33 0 62 0 44 AW Sampled 04 21 2003 at 2040 o Oto 20000000GO00t u0
44. At Ryznar Index Target Input Product DISPLAY PRINT OPTIONS About WatSim TEMPERATURE pH IMPACT Output Size On Screen QUIT 3D Profile Output Windows To Display CHEMISTRY AT TARGET lons To Print At pH Target Scales To Print At D I C Target At Langelier Index Target Select Parameters NEW SELECTION PURPOSE The New selection in the FILES pulldown menu allows you to enter a new analysis without the possibility of carryover values from the previous water evaluated It allows you to start afresh without exiting the program and starting over WHEN SHOULD IT BE USED Select New when you have completed the evaluation of a water saved the results if desired and are ready to enter a new water analysis for evaluation The New selection assures that the new analysis is entered on a clean slate WHAT DOES IT DO The New module reinitializes all values to the startup default values When the New module is executed it resets all flags in the program For example when a makeup water is entered into the program a flag is set that tells other modules that a valid makeup water analysis has been entered This allows the other modules that require a makeup analysis that this prerequisite has been completed data for an unsaved analysis is lost when the New option is executed WatSim Quick Reference Section Q2 INPUT CHEMISTRY WHAT IF PREFERENCES HELP Water Analysis TEMPERATURE IMPACT Print Temperature Impact TREA
45. Choose Graphs Print pH Impact Select Product EDIT CORRELATION Input Units Print At pH Target CORROSION RATES Edit Coefficients Print Mode Print At D I C Target Select Metal Browse Correlations 3D Graph Types Print At Langelier Index Target CREATE PRODUCT Browse Inhibitors Calc s Print At Ryznar Index Target Input Product DISPLAY PRINT OPTIONS Q8 INPUT CHEMISTRY WHAT IF New Water Analysis TEMPERATURE IMPACT Print Temperature Impact TREATMENTS Input Lab Data Choose Graphs Technical Manual Open File Input pH Curve Vary Temperature Print pH Impact Select Product EDIT CORRELATION Input Units Program Usage Save File Graph vs Temperature Print At pH Target CORRCSIONRATES Edit Coefficients Print Mode Save File As pHIMPACT Print At D I C Target Select Metal Browse Correlations 3D Graph Types Printer Setup Vary pH Print At Langelier Index Target CREATE PRODUCT Browse Inhibitors C03 Calc s What s Stored Graph vs pH Print At Ryznar Index Target Input Product DISPLAY PRINT OPTIONS About WatSim TEMPERATURE IMPACT Output Size On Screen QUIT 3D Profile Output Windows To Display CHEMISTRY AT TARGET lons To Print At pH Target Scales To Print At D I C Target At Langelier Index Target Select Parameters QUIT SELECTION PURPOSE The Quit selection in the FILES pulldown menu does just that This module restores the computer to its state prior to the execution of WatSim and stops th
46. Coefficients Print Mode Browse Correlations 3D Graph Types Browse Inhibitors C03 Calc s DISPLAY PRINT OPTIONS Q50 FILES INPUT CHEMISTRY WHAT IF REPCRTS MODELS EDIT CORRELATION Edit Coefficients Browse Correlations Browse Inhibitors gt Help On WatSim tm File Edit Bookmark Options Help comens soci dex Bit Amore Tone Gere NEW SELECTION PURPOSE The New selection in the FILES pulldown menu allows you to enter a new analysis without the possibility of carryover values from the previous water evaluated It allows you to start afresh without exiting the program and starting over WHEN SHOULD IT BE USED Select New when you have completed the evaluation of a water saved the results if desired and are ready to enter a new water analysis for evaluation The New selection assures that the new analysis is entered on a clean slate WHAT DOES IT DO The New module reinitializes all values to the startup default values When the New module is executed it resets all flags in the program For example when a makeup water is entered into the program a flag is set that tells other modules that valid makeup water analysis has been entered This allows the other modules that require a makeup analysis that this prerequisite has been completed All data for an unsaved analysis is lost when the New option is executed OPEN FILE SELECTION PURPOSE The Open File selection
47. E pH IMPACT 3D Profile CHEMISTRY AT TARGET At pH Target At D I C Target At Langelier Index Target Select Parameters Print Temperature Impact Print pH Impact Print At pH Target Print At D I C Target Print At Langelier Index Target Print At Ryznar Index Target TREATMENTS Select Product CORROSION RATES Select Metal CREATE PRODUCT Input Product Input Lab Data EDIT CORRELATION Edit Coefficients Browse Correlations Browse Inhibitors WatSim Quick Reference Section PREFERENCES HELP Choose Graphs Input Units Print Mode 3D Graph Types C03 Calc s DISPLAY PRINT OPTIONS Output Size On Screen Output Windows To Display lons To Print Scales To Print Technical Manual Program Usage Q1 FILES INPUT CHEMISTRY WHAT IF REPCRTS MODELS LABORATORY Water Analysis TEMPERATURE IMPACT Print Temperature Impact TREATMENTS Input Lab Data Choose Graphs Technical Manual Open File Input pH Curve Vary Temperature Print pH Impact Select Product EDIT CORRELATION Input Units Program Usage Save File Graph vs Temperature Print At pH Target CORRCSIONRATES Edit Coefficients Print Mode Save File As pH IMPACT Print At D I C Target Select Metal Browse Correlations 3D Graph Types Printer Setup Vary pH Print At Langelier Index Target CREATE PRODUCT Browse Inhibitors C03 Calc s What s Stored Graph vs pH Print
48. ES inhib OVGA 3i manexam sim My Recent Documents My Documents My Computer Work files sim File name ao Save as type WatSim Quick Reference Section v Cancel 7 PREFERENCES HELP Choose Graphs Input Units Print Mode 3D Graph Types C03 Calc s DISPLAY PRINT OPTIONS Output Size On Screen Output Windows To Display lons To Print Scales To Print Technical Manual Program Usage SAVE FILE AS SELECTION PURPOSE The Save File selection in the FILES pulldown menu allows you to save a water analysis and all calculations completed in a hard or floppy disk file SAVE AS differs form SAVE in that SAVE AS saves to a different file or a new file All program flags are saved in their current state so that modules with prerequisites will be aware of what work has been completed e g a makeup water analysis must be entered prior to running the Cycle module or there would be nothing but garbage numbers to cycle WHEN SHOULD IT BE USED Select Save File As when you wish to save work completed for later use or review to a new or different file Save an analysis in this manner also allows you to make minor modifications to input analysis without having to totally re enter all parameters It can also save time and date re entery if you wish to prepare further graphs or evaluate further parameters using the WHAT IF SCENARIOS e g further concentration ratios for a cycled water or a bro
49. H Impact Select Product EDIT CORRELATION Input Units Program Usage Print At pH Target CORROSIONRATES Edit Coefficients Print Mode Print At D I C Target Select Metal Browse Correlations 3D Graph Types Print At Langelier Index Target CREATE PRODUCT Browse Inhibitors C03 Calc s Print At Ryznar Index Target Input Product DISPLAY PRINT OPTIONS Output Size On Screen Output Windows To Display lons To Print Scales To Print CHOOSE GRAPHS SATURATION LEVEL Calcite x Sat firagonite x Sat Anhydrite x Sat Gypsum x Sat Calcium P04 x Sat Hydroxyapatite x Sat Ca polyphosphate x Sat Zinc phosphate x Sat Fluorite x Sat Silica x Sat Brucite x Sat Magnesium silicate x Sat Ferric hydroxide x Sat Siderite x Sat Strengite x Sat COMMON INDICES Tannen tine Ted WatSim Quick Reference Section CHOOSE GRAPHS SELECTION PURPOSE Use the Choose Graphs module in the PREFERENCES pull down menu to select WatSim indicators of scale and corrosivity potential for graphing in the WHAT IF SCENARIOS modules WHEN SHOULD IT BE USED Select Choose Graphs prior to running any of the graph presentation modules WHAT DOES IT DO The Choose Graphs module allows you to select individual graphs or re defined groups of four 4 graphs for presentation by the appropriate modules in the WHAT IF SCENARIO group The graphs are selected by the vertical scrolling menu shown at the right PREREQUISITES None The Ch
50. IT 3D Profile CHEMISTRY AT TARGET At pH Target At D I C Target At Langelier Index Target Select Parameters SOURCE WATER ANALYSIS AT pH TARGET OPTIONS Samp le ID CATIONS Calc Magnesium as CaCO3 Sodi ium as CaCO3 um as Na Potassium as Iron Ammo as Fe nia as NH3 Aluminum as Zinc Boro PARAME pH Temp Calc 98 Caus as Zn B TERS erature Deg F ulated T D S Sulfuric Acid tic Soda Report Date 04 21 2003 ANIONS Chloride as Cl M Alkalinity as P Alkalinity as CaCO3 Silica as 5102 Phosphate as PO4 Sampled 04 21 2003 at 2040 35 00 72 03 0 0885 14 00 0 600 Pyrophosphate as PO4 H28 as H2S Fluoride as F Nitrate COMMENTS WatSim Quick Reference Section OPTIONS Sample ID SATURATION LEVEL as IAP Ksp Calcite Aragonite Caco3 Anhydrite 04 Gypsum CaS04 2H20 Calcium phosphate Calcium polyPO4 Zinc phosphate Hydr apatite Ca3 PO4 2 Ca2 P207 Zn3 P04 2 5 4 Silica 102 Fluorite CaF2 Brucite Mg OH 2 Magnesium silicate Mg io3 Ferric hydroxide Fe OH 3 Siderite FeCO3 Strengite FePO4 2H20 SIMPLE INDICES Larson Skold CCPP CRITICAL PARAMETERS D I C Max Pb Solubility ppb lubility ppm x Zn Solubility ppm PPO4 Solubility ppm Choose Graphs Input Units
51. KORIUS SCALING INDEX The Puckorius or Practical scaling index attempts to further quantify the relationship between saturation state and scale formation by incorporating an estimate of buffering capacity of the water into the index The previously discussed saturation derived indices only account for the driving force for calcium carbonate scale formation They do not account for two other critical parameters the buffering capacity of the water and the maximum quantity of precipitate that can form in bringing a water to equilibrium A water high in calcium but low in alkalinity and buffering capacity can have a high calcite saturation level The high calcium level increases the ion activity product A plot of ion activity product versus precipitate for the water would show a rapid decrease in pH as calcium precipitated due to the low buffering capacity Even minuscule decreases in carbonate concentration in the water would drastically decrease the ion activity product of the water due to the small quantity present prior to the initiation of precipitation The water might have a high tendency to form scale due to the driving force but scale formed might be of such a small quantity as to be unobservable The water has the driving force but no capacity and no ability to maintain pH as precipitate forms The Puckorius scaling index is calculated in a manner similar to the Ryznar stability index Puckorius uses an equilibrium pH rather than the actua
52. OES IT DO The module accepts input data for a product file loads the mathematical correlations for the individual inhibitors in the formulation and outputs the new or updated product file PREREQUISITES An inhibitor file INH must be in the WATER INHIB sub directory for each inhibitor which is an active ingredient Inhibitor files are created in the Input Lab Data module of the LABORATORY pull down menu in the WatSim Laboratory Editions They can be created from in house laboratory and or field data or obtained from raw material suppliers who use the WatSim series a s a technical support tool Q35 INPUT CHEMISTRY WHAT IF LABORATORY New Water Analysis TEMPERATURE IMPACT Print Temperature Impact TREATMENTS Input Lab Data Choose Graphs Technical Manual Open File Input pH Curve Vary Temperature Print pH Impact Select Product EDIT CORRELATION Input Units Program Usage Save File Graph vs Temperature Print At pH Target CORROSIONRATES Edit Coefficients Print Mode Save File As pH IMPACT Print At D I C Target Select Metal Browse Correlations 3D Graph Types Printer Setup Vary pH Print At Langelier Index Target CREATE PRODUCT Browse Inhibitors C03 Calc s What s Stored Graph vs pH Print At Ryznar Index Target Input Product DISPLAY PRINT OPTIONS About WatSim TEMPERATURE IMPACT Output Size On Screen QUIT 3D Profile Output Windows To Display CHEMISTRY AT TARCET lons To Print At pH Target Scales To Print At D
53. OPTIONS About WatSim TEMPERATURE IMPACT Output Size On Screen QUIT 3D Profile Output Windows To Display CHEMISTRY AT TARCET lons To Print At pH Target Scales To Print At D I C Target At Langelier Index Target Select Parameters BROWSE INHIBITOR SELECTION PURPOSE The Browse Inhibitor module in the INHIBITOR FILE BROWSE amp DELETE LABORATORY pull down menu to see what inhibitors are on file by browsing the inhibitor names and descriptions WHEN SHOULD IT BE USED Use the Browse Inhibitor Description module to see what inhibitors files are available alkznsolinh 1 AkalineZinc Corrosion Control WHAT DOES IT DO The module lists the inhibitors for which cul inh you have INH files Yoon nen jo PREREQUISITES Inhibitor files must exist LEAD1 INH ORTHO INH pbl inh E pyro inh 3 zn inh d i muniinhib DELETE WatSim Quick Reference Section Q39 FILES INPUT CHEMISTRY WHAT IF New Water Analysis TEMPERATURE IMPACT Open File Input pH Curve Vary Temperature Save File Graph vs Temperature Save File As pHIMPACT Printer Setup Vary pH What s Stored Graph vs pH About WatSim TEMPERATURE pH IMPACT QUIT 3D Profile CHEMISTRY AT TARGET At pH Target At D I C Target At Langelier Index Target Select Parameters REPCRTS MODELS LABCRATCRY Print Temperature Impact TREATMENTS Input Lab Data Choose Graphs Technical Manual Print p
54. PERATURE pH IMPACT QUIT 3D Profile CHEMISTRY AT TARGET At pH Target At D I C Target At Langelier Index Target Select Parameters Choose Graphs Technical Manual Input Units Program Usage Print Mode 3D Graph Types Calc s DISPLAY PRINT OPTIONS Output Size On Screen Output Windows To Display lons To Print Scales To Print PROGRAM USAGE SELECTION PURPOSE This selection accesses an abbreviated version of this user manual using the Windows Help system The entire online user manuak is also available in Adobe Acrobat PDF format Q51 WatSim Quick Reference Section Q52 TECHNICAL SUPPORT Via e mail tech frenchcreeksoftware com At Our Web Site http www frenchcreeksoftware com By Telephone Voice 610 935 8337 FAX 610 935 1008 SOFTWARE UPDATES At Our Web Site Registered users with active Annual Maintenance Agreements can download updates from our web site A USER ID and PASSWORD is required To register for a USER ID and PASSWORD Visit our web site and REGISTER FOR UPDATES To download updates visit the LICENSED USER DOWNLOAD AREA http www frenchcreeksoftware com The Security System The software is protected against unauthorized access To activiate the software you must obtain a Program Release Code from French Creek Software The following dialog box will appear when the software is run prior to activating with a Program Release Code System Iden
55. Print At Ryznar Index Target Input Product DISPLAY PRINT OPTIONS About WatSim TEMPERATURE pH IMPACT Output Size On Screen QUIT 3D Profile Output Windows To Display WatSim Quick Reference Section At D I C Target At Langelier Index Target Select Parameters SAVE FILE SELECTION PURPOSE The Save File selection in the FILES pulldown menu allows you to save a water analysis and all calculations completed in a hard or floppy disk file All program flags are saved in their current state so that modules with prerequisites will be aware of what work has been completed e g a makeup water analysis must be entered prior to running the Cycle module or there would be nothing but garbage numbers to cycle WHEN SHOULD IT BE USED Select Save File when you wish to save work completed for later use or review Save an analysis in this manner also allows you to make minor modifications to input analysis without having to totally re enter all parameters It can also save time and date re entery if you wish to prepare further graphs or evaluate further parameters using the WHAT IF SCENARIOS e g further concentration ratios for a cycled water or a broader pH and temperature range for water WHAT DOES IT DO The Save File module saves all input and calculated values to a disk file Parameters in effect when the work was saved are also saved including graph choices Each file saved should have the sim extension e g EXAMPLE sim and w
56. Print Mode 3D Graph Types C03 Calc s DISPLAY PRINT OPTIONS Output Size On Screen Output Windows To Display lons To Print Scales To Print 0 Report Date 21 SOURCE WATER DEPOSITION POTENTIAL INDICATORS pH TARGET Technical Manual Program Usage Sampled 04 21 2003 at 2040 BOUND IONS Total Free 15 Calcium 42 9 38 4 13 0 1 0 1 02 0 6 0 0 02 01 12 00 FREE ION MOMENTARY EXCESS 00 Calcite 08 Aragonite 00 Anhydrite 00 Gypsum 00 Calcium phosphate 2 28 Calcium polyPO4 0 15 Zinc phosphate 0 59 Hydroxyapatite Silica Fluorite Brucite Ferric hydroxide Siderite Strengite Magnesium silicate OPERATING CONDITIONS Temperature Time hrs 110 0 24 00 Q23 INPUT CHEMISTRY WHAT IF New Open File Save File Save File As Printer Setup What s Stored About WatSim QUIT Water Analysis Input pH Curve TEMPERATURE IMPACT Vary Temperature Graph vs Temperature pHIMPACT Vary pH Graph vs pH TEMPERATURE pH IMPACT 3D Profile CHEMISTRY AT TARGET At pH Target At D I C Target At Langelier Index Target Select Parameters Print Temperature Impact Print pH Impact Print At pH Target Print At D I C Target Print At Langelier Index Target Print At Ryznar Index Target SOURCE WATER ANALYSIS D I C TARGET OPTIONS Sample ID Calcium as CaCO3 Magnesium as CaCO3
57. Product EDIT CORRELATION Input Units Print At pH Target Edit Coefficients Print Mode Print At D I C Target Select Metal Browse Correlations 3D Graph Types Print At Langelier Index Target CREATE PRODUCT Browse Inhibitors Calc s Print At Ryznar Index Target Input Product DISPLAY PRINT OPTIONS New Water Analysis TEMPERATURE IMPACT Open File Input pH Curve Vary Temperature Save File Graph vs Temperature Save File As pHIMPACT Printer Setup Vary pH What s Stored Graph vs pH About WatSim TEMPERATURE pH IMPACT QUIT 3D Profile CHEMISTRY AT TARGET At pH Target At D I C Target At Langelier Index Target Select Parameters PRINT At Ryznar Index Target Output Size On Screen Output Windows To Display lons To Print Scales To Print INPUT CHEMISTRY WHAT IF REPCRTS PREFERENCES HELP Technical Manual Program Usage SELECTION PURPOSE The Print At Ryznar Index module in the REPORTS pull down menu outputs the table generated in the Ryznar Index Target module and the input analysis to the currently selected printer WHEN SHOULD IT BE USED Use the Print module whenever a hard copy of the water source and the outputs at the Index Target is desired WHAT DOES IT DO The module adds the date sample ID and analysis description information to the tables generated in the Index Target module and prints them PREREQUISITES The Target Index module must be run prior to the Print module WatSim Quick R
58. RE pH IMPACT 3D Profile CHEMISTRY AT TARGET At pH Target At D I C Target At Langelier Index Target Select Parameters Evaluation pH zs High Temp fizo Evaluation Temp tto Targets pH Target 7 LSI Target 02 DAC Target 1 Caplan Curve Cancel WatSim Quick Reference Section Technical Manual Program Usage Choose Graphs Input Units Print Mode 3D Graph Types C03 Calc s DISPLAY PRINT OPTIONS Output Size On Screen Output Windows To Display lons To Print Scales To Print Q26 FILES INPUT CHEMISTRY New Water Analysis Open File Input pH Curve Save File Save File As Printer Setup What s Stored About WatSim QUIT SELECTION PURPOSE The Print Temperature Impact module in the REPORTS pull down menu outputs the table generated in the WHAT IF TEMPERATURE IMPACT Vary Temperature Graph vs Temperature pH IMPACT Vary pH Graph vs pH TEMPERATURE pH IMPACT 3D Profile CHEMISTRY AT TARGET At pH Target At D I C Target At Langelier Index Target Select Parameters REPCRTS Print Temperature Impact Print pH Impact Print At pH Target Print At D I C Target Print At Langelier Index Target Print At Ryznar Index Target MODELS TREATMENTS Select Product CORROSION RATES Select Metal CREATE PRODUCT Input Product LABORATORY Input Lab Data EDIT CORRELATION Edit Coefficients Browse Correlations Browse Inhi
59. RROSION RATES Edit Coefficients Print Mode Save File As pHIMPACT Print At D I C Target Select Metal Browse Correlations 3D Graph Types Printer Setup Vary pH Print At Langelier Index Target CREATE PRCDUCT Browse Inhibitors Calc s What s Stored Graph vs pH Print At Ryznar Index Target Input Product DISPLAY PRINT CPTIONS About WatSim TEMPERATURE pH IMPACT Output Size On Screen QUIT 3D Profile Output Windows To Display CHEMISTRY AT TARGET lons To Print At pH Target Scales To Print At D I C Target At Langelier Index Target Select Parameters PRINT At D I C Target SELECTION PURPOSE The Print At D I C Impact module in the REPORTS pull down menu outputs the table generated in the D I C Target module and the input analysis to the currently selected printer WHEN SHOULD IT BE USED Use the Print module whenever a hard copy of the water source and the outputs at the D I C Target is desired WHAT DOES IT DO The module adds the date sample ID and analysis description information to the tables generated in the D I C Target module and prints them PREREQUISITES The Target D I C module must be run prior to the Print module WatSim Quick Reference Section Q30 FILES INPUT CHEMISTRY WHAT IF REPCRTS MODELS New Water Analysis TEMPERATURE IMPACT Print Temperature Impact TREATMENTS Choose Graphs Technical Manual Open File Input pH Curve Vary Temperature Pri
60. Select Parameters GRAPH pH SELECTION PURPOSE The Graph pH module in the WHAT IF SCENARIOS pulldown menu models the impact of pH upon WatSima indicators of scale and corrosivity potential and the dosages required to inhibit them Indicator pH trends are presented in graphical form WHEN SHOULD IT BE USED Select Vary pH to evaluate the indicators of scale and corrosivity potential over the expected operating pH range for the cooling system Include the minimum and maximum expected pH values to assure for example that both the salts whose solubility decreases with increasing pH and those whose solubility increase with pH are evaluated under their harshest expected conditions WHAT DOES IT DO The Graph pH module evaluates the water chemistry at seven 7 pH values evenly spaced from the minimum pH you selected to the maximum Default values are a 6 0 minimum and 9 0 maximum Profiles are calculated at the Typical Temperature entered A popup menu for selecting display and output options is displayed across the top of the window The 2D graphs generated are color coded from blue least cause for concern to red highest problem potential Gray scale screens are used for monochrome systems and printers The graphs can be printed copied to the clipboard for pasting in another program exported as color or grey scale PCX BMP or TIF files from the menu bar at the top of a displayed graph Products can be changed from the menu bar selection and the graph
61. Sodium as Na Potassium as K Iron as Fe Ammonia as NH3 Aluminum as CaCO3 Zinc as Zn Boron as B PARAMETERS pH Temperature Deg F Calculated T D S 98 Sulfuric Acid Limestone WatSim Quick Reference Section Report Date 04 21 2003 ANIONS Chloride as Cl M Alkalinity as CaCO3 Sampled 04 21 2003 at 2040 35 00 48 71 P Alkalinity as CaCO3 Silica as 5102 Phosphate as PO4 Pyrophosphate as PO4 H2S as H25 Fluoride as F Nitrate as COMMENTS OPTIONS Sample ID 0 Report Date SATURATION LEVEL as Calcite Aragonite Anhydrite Gypsum Calcium phosp 3 P04 2 Calcium 1 4 P207 Zinc phosphate 2n3 PO4 2 Hydroxyapatite 5 P04 3 Silica 5102 Fluorite CaF2 Brucite Mg OH 2 Magnesium silicate MqS o3 Ferric hydroxide Fe OH 3 Siderite Strengite FePO4 2H20 SIMPLE INDICES Langelier Ryznar Puckorius Larson Skold CCPP CRITICAL PARAMETERS lubility ppb lubility ppm lubility ppm Max PPO4 Solubility ppm PREFERENCES TREATMENTS Input Lab Data Choose Graphs Select Product EDIT CORRELATION Input Units CORROSIONRATES Edit Coefficients Print Mode Select Metal Browse Correlations 3D Graph Types CREATE PRODUCT Browse Inhibitors C03 Calc s Input Product DISPLAY PRINT OPTIONS Output Size On Screen Output Windows To Display lons To Print Scales To Print Technical Manual Program U
62. TARGET lons To Print At pH Target Scales To Print At D I C Target At Langelier Index Target Select Parameters 3D PROFILE SELECTION PURPOSE The 3D Profile module in the WHAT IF SCENARIOS pulldown menu models the impact of pH and temperature upon WatSim indicators of scale and corrosivity potential Indicator pH temperature trends are presented in graphical form WHEN SHOULD IT BE USED Select 3D Profile to evaluate indicators of scale and corrosivity potential over the expected operating pH and temperature range for the cooling system Include the minimum and maximum expected pH values and temperatures to assure that foulants are evaluated under the harshest expected conditions WHAT DOES IT DO The 3D Profile module evaluates the water chemistry in a seven 7 b y seven 7 matrix of pH values and temperatures pH and temperatures are evenly spaced from the minimum to the maximum Default values are a 6 0 minimum and 9 0 maximum for pH and 70 F to 130 F for temperature The 3D graphs generated are color coded from blue least cause for concern to red highest problem potential Gray scale screens are used for monochrome systems and printers The graphs can be printed copied to the clipboard for pasting in another program exported as color or grey scale PCX BMP or TIF files changed from bar graphs to contour plots from the menu bar at the top of a displayed graph Graph properties such as the display of labels entered with the source water
63. TMENTS Input Lab Data Choose Graphs Technical Manual Open File Input pH Curve Vary Temperature Print pH Impact Select Product EDIT CORRELATION Input Units Program Usage ave File Graph vs Temperature Print At pH Target CORROSION RATES Edit Coefficients Print Mode Save File As pHIMPACT Print At D I C Target Select Metal Browse Correlations 3D Graph Types Printer Setup Vary pH Print At Langelier Index Target CREATE PRODUCT Browse Inhibitors C03 Calc s What s Stored Graph vs pH Print At Ryznar Index Target Input Product DISPLAY PRINT CPTIONS About WatSim TEMPERATURE pH IMPACT Output Size On Screen QUIT 3D Profile Output Windows To Display CHEMISTRY AT TARGET lons To Print At pH Target Scales To Print At D I C Target At Langelier Index Target Select Parameters OPEN WORK FILE Look in O muni OPEN FILE SELECTION PURPOSE The Open File selection in the FILES O i pulldown menu allows you to restore a previously evaluated water Mofa COR analysis and all calculations completed prior to the work being saved in a en E file All program flags are reset to the state when the work was saved Cafiles WHEN SHOULD IT BE USED Select Open File when you wish to Desktop ES review the results of a previously completed water evaluation Restore Sinhib previously saved work when you wish to prepare further graphs or QVGA evaluate further parameters using the WHAT IF SCENARIOS e g further
64. TY FACTORS The EDIT COEFFICIENTS module in the Laboratory menu allows 1 adding a safety factor to a model 2 adding a safety factor to account for iron and 3 phosphate content of the inhibitor if any FACTORS FOR SPECIAL CASES INHIBITOR 5 FILENAME AAAMPS INH p PURPOSE 4 2 Inhib SAFETY FACTOR 000000 1 1 increases by 10 1 2 by 20 etc IRON FACTOR Increase inhibitor dosage by 1 ppm for ever ppm Fe above PHOSPHATE FACTORS 2 Orthophosphate as 4 0 00000 amp Organic phosphate as 4 0 00000 20 to 100 general safety factor 1 20 2 00 typically is added to account for scatter in the data The Iron Factor accounts for demand for polymer by iron in the water Contact French Creek Software for custom editing of models such as the combination of several discrete models into one correlation 59 CURRENT amp PAST WatSim Models Early versions of WatSim provides four 4 fixed basic models as well as the current custom option for developing inhibitor correlations The fixed options are included for historic perspective The same models can be setup using the current custom option forms Older models are updated to the custom format when imported into newer version of WatSim Rx Older models are as follows 1 Model 0 Dosage f DF 1 time The first model develops a correlation of dosage as a function of driving force temperature and time The
65. Target Scales To Print At D I C Target At Langelier Index Target Select Parameters OUTPUT WINDOWS TO DISPLAY Select Windows To Display After Source Water Input SELECTION PURPOSE WatZim displays output windows which summarize input chemistry and calculated values and profiles These windows are sometimes 1 the way This module allows the user to determine which windows will be displayed and when Display Source Water Analysis Window Display Source Water Deposition Potential Window After Vary Temperature WHEN SHOULD IT BE USED When it is desirable to control which guru RT eis output windows are displayed and when Display Source Water Deposition Potential Window Display Water Analysis versus Temperature Window Display Water Deposition Potential versus Temperature Window WHAT IT DOES This module activates or de activates the display of windows After Vary pH Display Source Water Analysis Window Display Source Water Deposition Potential Window Display Water Analysis versus pH Window Display Water Deposition Potential versus pH Window Cancel PREREQUISITES None WatSim Quick Reference Section Q47 FILES New Open File Save File Save File As Printer Setup INPUT CHEMISTRY Water Analysis Input pH Curve What s Stored About WatSim QUIT TEMPERATURE pH IMPACT CHEMISTRY AT TARGET WHAT IF TEMPERATURE IMPACT Vary Temperature Graph
66. Version 7 Suite Compatible Freneh Creek Software WatSIM iia municipal and blending WatSIM User Manual Copyright 2011 French Creek Software Inc All Rights Reserved The following are trademarks of French Creek Software Inc and may only be used with permission French Creek French Creek Software WaterCycle WaterCycle Rx hyd RO dose hyd RO sat DownHole SAT WatSIM and MineSAT The absence of a name or logo in this list does not constitute a waiver of any and all intellectual property rights that French Creek Software has established in any product feature or logos tm WatS Copyright 1999 French Creek Software Inc Kimberton PA 19442 All rights reserved Why Use WatSim Indices calculated by WatSim The WatSim Series Getting Started Installation amp System Requirements Selecting Analytical Units Choosing Windows To Display Choosing Items To Print Carbonate Equilibrium Calculations Output Size On Screen What if Scenario Modeling Optimizing Treatments Selecting A Product Inputting A Product Formulation Developing Inhibitor Models Quick Reference Appendices and Bibliography Quick Start Diskettes Security System WHY USE WatSim WatSim allows a water treatment chemist to evaluate the scale potential for common scalants over the range of water chemistry temperature and pH anticipated for a water WatSim was developed to allow a water
67. ader pH and temperature range for a water WHAT DOES IT DO The Save File As module saves all input and calculated values to a disk file Parameters in effect when the work was saved are also saved including graph choices Each file saved should have the sim extension e g EXAMPLE sim and will require between 28 and 29K bytes of available disk space WHAT DO YOU NEED You need a unique name for the file as well as the disk drive and directory and or subdirectory information Unless you specify otherwise WatSim automatically saves files on the disk drive and directory from which the program was executed PREREQUISITES This selection will not be active unless sufficient information has been entered e g a minimum of the Source Analysi must be run for the Save File selection to be active FILES New Open File Save File Save File As What s Stored About WatSim QUIT INPUT CHEMISTRY Water Analysis Input pH Curve WHAT IF TEMPERATURE IMPACT Vary Temperature Graph vs Temperature pHIMPACT Vary pH Graph vs pH REPORTS Print Temperature Impact Print pH Impact Print At pH Target Print At D I C Target Print At Langelier Index Target Print At Ryznar Index Target MODELS TREATMENTS Select Product CORRGSI ON RATES Select Metal CREATE PRODUCT Input Product PREFERENCES HELP Input Lab Data EDIT CORRELATION Edit Coefficients Browse Correlations Browse Inhibitors
68. ales To Print At D I C Target At Langelier Index Target Select Parameters SELECT METALLURGY SELECT METALLURGY SELECTION PURPOSE The Select Product module in the FORMULARY pull down menu lists the products on file and a description of their purpose and allows you to select or change the product for which dosages will be calculated by the WHAT IF SCENARIO modules WHEN SHOULD IT BE USED Use the Select Product module to select a product for calculations or switch between products for calculations WHAT DOES IT DO The module loads a product file including the mathematical correlations for the product which are used to calculate dosages from WatSim indices and operating parameters PREREQUISITES A product file PRD must be in the WATER INHIB sub directory before it can be selected Product files are created in the Input Product module of the FORMULARY pull down menu in the WatSim Product Manager or Laboratory Editions 1010 Carbon Steel General Etch NO RATE ELIMINATE COR RATE Cancel WatSim Quick Reference Section Q34 At D I C Target At Langelier Index Target Select Parameters Inhibitor Formulation Input Hoe uir zinc Description Corrosion Inhib Product File Name Inhibitor 1 100 000 Inhibitor 2 0 000 P3 Inhibitor 3 0 000 25 Inhibitor 4 0 000 Inhibitor 5 0 000 x Inhibitor 6 x Inhibitor 7 o0 x Act
69. arget Select Parameters REPCRTS Print Temperature Impact Print pH Impact Print At pH Target Print At D I C Target Print At Langelier Index Target Print At Ryznar Index Target TREATMENTS Select Product CORROSION RATES Select Metal CREATE PRCDUCT Input Product FILES INPUT CHEMISTRY WHAT IF New Water Analysis TEMPERATURE IMPACT Open File Input pH Curve Vary Temperature Save File Graph vs Temperature Save File As pHIMPACT Printer Setup Vary pH What s Stored Graph vs pH About WatSim TEMPERATURE pH IMPACT QUIT 3D Profile CHEMISTRY AT TARGET At pH Target Windows Help Edit Bockmark Options Help CI See Dot beau tore Prem tan WHY USE WatSim WHAT INDICATORS DOES WntSim CALCULATE me Saturation Index RYZNAR STABILITY INDEX PUCKORIUS SCALING INDEX MOMENTARY EXCESS PRECIPITATION TO EQUILIBRIUM LARSON SKOLO INDEX SETTING CONSTANT PHOSPHATE OR SILICA LEVELS pH PREDICTION Series REFERENCES WatSim Quick Reference Section Output Size On Screen Output Windows To Display lons To Print Scales To Print TECHNICAL MANUAL SELECTION PURPOSE This selection accesses an abbreviated version of this user manual using the Windows Help system The entire online user manual is also available in Adobe Acrobat PDF format LABORATORY PREFERENCES HELP Technical Manual Choose Graphs EDIT CORRELATION Input Units Program Usage Edit
70. at such consent shall not be unreasonably withheld The party requesting any consent under this Agreement shall reimburse the other party for any expenses including attorneys fees which result from the request for consent b ASSIGNMENT Neither party may assign sub license sub lease lend rent or otherwise transfer this Agreement or the rights granted hereunder to any person whether by operation of law or otherwise without the other party s prior written consent which consent shall not be unreasonably denied PROVIDED HOWEVER that no consent shall be required for any assignment or transfer Pursuant to any merger consolidation or reorganization to which either Customer or French Creek is a party This Agreement shall bind and inure to the benefit of any such successor or assign The license granted hereunder shall not be assigned or assignable in any proceeding involving the liquidation of Customer c RELATIONSHIP OF THE PARTIES It is clearly understood between the parties that at all times during this Agreement that the relationship between French Creek and Customer is solely as independent contractors and in no other capacity The parties agree that there are no intended or incidental third party beneficiaries of this Agreement d COST OF ENFORCEMENT If either party is required to engage in legal proceedings to enforce the obligations of the other in law or in equity the prevailing party shall be entitled to reasonable attorneys
71. bitors PRINT TEMPERATURE IMPACT Temperature Impact module and the input analysis to the currently selected printer WHEN SHOULD IT BE USED Use the Print module whenever a hard copy of the water source and the outputs versus temperature is desired WHAT DOES IT DO The module adds the date sample ID and analysis description information to the tables generated in the Temperature Impact module and prints them PREREQUISITES The Vary Temperature module must be run prior to the Print module WatSim Quick Reference Section PREFERENCES HELP Choose Graphs Input Units Print Mode 3D Graph Types C03 Calc s DISPLAY PRINT OPTIONS Output Size On Screen Output Windows To Display lons To Print Scales To Print Technical Manual Program Usage Q27 New Open File Save File Save File As Printer Setup QUIT What s Stored About WatSim SELECTION PURPOSE The Print pH Impact module in the REPORTS pull down menu outputs the table generated in the pH Impact module INPUT CHEMISTRY Water Analysis Input pH Curve WHAT IF TEMPERATURE IMPACT Vary Temperature Graph vs Temperature pH IMPACT Vary pH Graph vs pH TEMPERATURE pH IMPACT 3D Profile CHEMISTRY AT TARGET At pH Target At D I C Target At Langelier Index Target Select Parameters Input Lab Data EDIT CORRELATION Edit Coefficients Browse Correlations Browse Inhibitors
72. cceptable to the validation routines Calculated values are displayed after entry is complete The ALT and P hot key combo will print the calculated values once they are displayed PREREQUISITES There are no prerequisites for the Source Analysis module You might wish to run the Input Units module from the PREFERENCES pulldown menu if analytical units other than mg l or alkalinities in a form other than M and P are to be entered You should select a printer prior to printing the calculated values using the ALT and P hot key combo Q10 INPUT CHEMISTRY WHAT IF PREFERENCES HELP New Open File Save File Save File As Printer Setup What s Stored About WatSim QUIT maximum of ten 10 pairs Select pairs that cover the alkalinity range expected Extrapolate if you must Unusual results may be encountered if your model was developed from data in an alkalinity range of 20 to 100 mg l as CaCO3 and you attempt to evaluate a pH at an alkalinity of 400 If your data does not cover a broad enough range to encompass your WHAT IF s please use the default pH Alkalinity curves Water Analysis Input pH Curve TEMPERATURE IMPACT Vary Temperature Graph vs Temperature pHIMPACT Vary pH Graph vs pH TEMPERATURE pH IMPACT 3D Profile CHEMISTRY AT TARGET At pH Target At D I C Target At Langelier Index Target Select Parameters Print Temperature Impact Print pH Impact Print At pH Target Print At D I C Target
73. ch is allowed to remain undisturbed for an infinite period of time A water is said to be under saturated if it will dissolve an existing calcium carbonate substrate if left at rest for the same infinity A supersaturated water will precipitate calcium and carbonate from a water if allowed to rest The Langelier saturation index provides an indicator of a water s degree of saturation with respect to calcium carbonate Saturation is referenced to the solubility product for a compound By definition the ion activity product of reactants e g Ca and CO3 is equal to the solubility product Ksp when the water is in equilibrium Ca aCa CO a CO Ksp A saturation level is defined as the ratio of the ion activity product to the solubility product Saturation level aCa Ca aCO CO If a water is under saturated with respect to calcium carbonate the saturation level will be less than 1 0 When a water is at equilibrium the saturation level will be 1 0 by definition although our estimation of the ion activity product or solubility product might be in error A water which is supersaturated with calcium carbonate will have a saturation level greater than 1 0 Saturation level is the driving force for crystal formation and crystal growth As the saturation level increases beyond 1 0 the driving force for calcium carbonate crystal formation or crystal growth increases It can be shown that the Langelier saturation index approximates
74. cts Treatment Solubility Zinc Orthophosphate Pyrophosphate Maximum Zinc Solubility mg L Zn mg L PO4 DEVELOPING AND USING INHIBITOR MODELS SELECTING A PRODUCT INPUTTING A FORMULATION DOSAGE MODULATION DEVELOPING INHIBITOR MODELS 45 SELECTING A PRODUCT WatSim products can be accessed from the FORMULARY menu by clicking on SELECT PRODUCT or from the Options Menu Bar on Table displays and graphs Clicking on the SELECT PRODUCT or NEW TREATMENT buttons elicits the following menu for product selection SELECT PRODUCT 100 ACUMER 2000 Ca PO4 Inhib 100 ACUMER 3100 4 Inhib 100 ACUMER 5000 SiO Inhibitor 100 CaCO3 INHIBITOR 100 HEDP CaCO3 INHIBITOR 100 OPTIDOSE 2000 4 Inhib 100 OPTIDOSE 3100 Ca PO4 Inhib 100 orthophosphate corrosion inhib 100 PAA CaCO3 INHIBITOR 100 PBTC STRESSED CaCO3 1010 Carbon Steel General Etch AQUATREAT AR 540 4 Inhib BELCLENE 161 CaS504 Inhibitor Cancel A product file PRD is associated with every menu selection Each product file contains the models for the components and the product formulation recipe Loading the product file loads the mathematical models for the inhibitors in the product into WatSim Once loaded they are used by the program for calculating optimum treatment rates dosages 47 INPUTTING A PRODUCT FORMULATION The Input Product module in the FORMULARY pull down menu is used to create a product PRD
75. d The appropriate percentage s for active ingredients thus loaded are entered into the form The inhibitor INH files contain the mathematical inhibitor model coefficients to calculate dosage recommendations The Formulator Edition can use the information in the INH files but is not capable of displaying this sometimes proprietary information or the laboratory data which was used to generate the inhibitor correlations The Formulator Edition has full access to the formulation information such as active ingredients and their percentages WatSim Laboratory Edition Files The Laboratory Edition creates the same files that are created by the original WatSim program The Laboratory Edition has all of the capabilities of the Formulator Edition It can create product PRD files Additionally the Laboratory Edition can be used to directly edit inhibitor INH files The Laboratory Edition has the unique capability of processing COR file data to generate inhibitor INH files The Laboratory Edition can create modify and display product information files PRD The Laboratory Edition has full access to INH files including the capability of displaying the sometimes proprietary information stored in them The Laboratory Edition has full access to laboratory and field data stored in COR files COR files contain water chemistry information dosage required for 100 inhibition and temperature data for laboratory and or field data A seri
76. d by and developed using WatSim Rx Models are discussed by parameter DRIVING FORCE The basic parameter to which scale inhibitor dosages have been correlated historically is the driving force for crystal formation and crystal growth Early models attempted to develop models based upon the Langelier Saturation Index or the Ryznar Stability Index More recently correlations have been published to the Practical Stability Index on the back of the Puckorius and Associates slide rule Most water treaters are in agreement that dosage requirements increase with the driving force for scale formation They differ in which driving force is used Calcite saturation level provides an excellent driving force for calcium carbonate scale inhibitor models gypsum saturation level for calcium sulfate in the water temperature range and tricalcium phosphate saturation level for calcium phosphate scale prevention The Momentary Excess indices can also be used effectively to model dosage requirements WatSim allows the water treatment chemist to develop models using any of the indices calculated by WatSim TIME second critical factor in determining an effective dosage or developing a model for an inhibitor is time Time is the residence time of scale forming species in the cooling system you wish to treat The time where scale inhibition can be as short as 4 to 10 seconds in a utility condenser cooling system or extend into days for cooling towers Induction time
77. d will also be included when a printout is COPIED to the Windows clipboard WHEN SHOULD IT BE USED When it is desirable to limit which water analysis species are printed WHAT IT DOES This module activates or de activates the printing of each field in water chemistry printouts PREREQUISITES None Q48 FILES New Open File Save File Save File As Printer Setup What s Stored About WatSim QUIT INPUT CHEMISTRY Water Analysis Input pH Curve WHAT IF TEMPERATURE IMPACT Vary Temperature Graph vs Temperature pH IMPACT Vary pH Graph vs pH 3D Profile At pH Target At D I C Target At Langelier Index Target Select Parameters REPCRTS Print Temperature Impact Print pH Impact Print At pH Target Print At D I C Target Print At Langelier Index Target Print At Ryznar Index Target MODELS TREATMENTS Select Product CORROSION RATES Select Metal CREATE PRODUCT Input Product LABORATORY Input Lab Data EDIT CORRELATION Edit Coefficients Browse Inhibitors Browse Correlations TEMPERATURE pH IMPACT CHEMISTRY AT TARGET Deposition Indicators Momentary Excess Saturation Levels Calcite Aragonite C Calcium oxalate Anhydrite Gypsun Fluorite Tricalcium phosphate Hydroxyapatite Ca polyphosphate Trizinc phosphate Amorphous Silica Brucite Magnesium Silicate Iron hydroxide Strengite Siderite e e e
78. driving force selected for this or other models should be appropriate for the scale forming species under study For example calcite saturation level is a common driving force used to model calcium carbonate scale inhibitors Tricalcium phosphate saturation level is a recommended driving force for use in modeling the effectiveness of calcium phosphate control agents Gypsum saturation level is recommended for modeling calcium sulfate control at low 130 F temperature while anhydrite saturation level might be more appropriate at higher temperatures This model subtracts 1 0 from the saturation levels This accounts for the driving force for scale formation not being present until the test water becomes supersaturated at a saturation level above 1 0 2 Model 1 Dosage f DF time The second model differs from the first in that the correlation is developed to the raw driving force rather than to the driving force 1 3 Model 2 Dosage f DF 1 time pH The third model is identical to model 0 with one exception pH is included as a variable to account for the impact of pH upon the form in which an inhibitor exists This is typically the model of choice for developing a correlation for a scale inhibitor 4 Model3 Corrosion Model This method should be used to model the performance of a corrosion inhibitor versus water chemistry temperature and time Data should be selected to be at a milestone for desired results For example all data
79. ds high corrosion rates of a local type should be expected as the index increases SATURATION LEVEL Saturation level has been previously discussed as the basis for many of the common indices used by water treaters The saturation level is defined as the ratio of the ion activity product of the reactants to the solubility product Saturation level can be defined as follows for common system scalants based upon their respective solubility products For CaCO calcite and aragonite CO lt CaCO Saturation Level Ca Ksp where aCa is the activity coefficient for calcium aCOs is the activity coefficient for carbonate Ca is the molar concentration of calcium CO is the molar carbonate concentration This relationship can be simplified if we incorporate the activity coefficients into the solubility product so that our examples can be expressed in a more readily viewed format The conditional solubility product incorporates the activity coefficients into the solubility product Ksp CaCO Ksp x 1 aCa x 1 aCO3 This notation Ksp will be used for the remainder of the examples For Calcium sulfate anhydrite SO CaSO Saturation level casos Ca SO Ksp caso4 For Silica SiO 2 H 0 H4SiO4 Saturation level SiO H4SiO H20 H2O Ksp Note that the activity of water is included in the calculation For tricalcium phosphate a higher order of reaction is encoun
80. e magnesium hydroxide magnesium silicate iron hydroxide iron carbonate and iron phosphate It also calculates a corrosivity index based upon the work of Drs Larson and Skold on the corrosivity of Great Lakes waters towards mild steel e Indices calculated over the range of operating conditions specified include e the most common Langelier and Ryznar e anevolving and currently being promoted index Puckorius e those that have been used by the major water treatment companies but have generally been unavailable to most water treaters Saturation levels based upon an ion association model e andsome that the program author has found useful and realistic Momentary excess and the Larson Skold index A detailed review of these indices is included in a later section of this manual and in references in the bibliography WatSim programs provide guidelines for treatment levels and where inhibitor limitations are known warn you of projected inhibitor failure through color coding Dosages turn RED when out of range Indices calculated by the program include the following The Langelier Saturation Index The Langelier Saturation index LSI is a purely equilibrium model derived from the theoretical concept of saturation A water is said to be saturated with calcium carbonate when it will neither dissolve or precipitate calcium carbonate scale This equilibrium condition is based upon an undisturbed water at constant temperature whi
81. e used to balance incomplete water analyses 25 Carbonate Calculations WatSim deals with the carbonate equilibrium in two basic ways as it cycles a water Conservation of Alkalinity or Conservation of Total Molar Carbon Carbonate based Alkalinity is conserved in systems open to the atmosphere such as cooling towers due to the free exchange of carbon dioxide CO2 with the atmosphere Molar carbbon is conserved in totally closed air tight systems For most systems carbonate calculations should be based upon the conservation of alkalinity WARNING Total Carbon Will Be Conserved in Calculations Switch to Alkalinity Y AN Yes No You can select the appropriate method for carbonate calculations in the CO Calculations module which can be selected from the Preferences menu When in doubt conserve alkalinity 26 Selecting Windows To Display WatSim displays an enormous amount of information At times a total display is useful At other times two much information is confusing or a nuisance You can determine which informational output windows will be displayed in the Cooling Tower Windows To Display and Once Through Windows To Display modules which can be accessed from the preferences menu Select Windows To Display After Source Water Input Display Source Water Analysis Window Display Source Water Deposition Potential Window After Vary Temperature Display Source Water Analysis Window Display Sou
82. e program Any data that has not been saved is lost WHEN SHOULD IT BE USED Select Quit to gracefully exit the program WHAT DOES IT DO The Quit module saves the current configuration restores the keyboard to the control of DOS stops the clock and resets all system routines to their original pre execution state WatSim Quick Reference Section Q9 FILES New Open File Save File Save File As Printer Setup What s Stored INPUT CHEMISTRY Water Analysis Input pH Curve LABORATORY PREFERENCES HELP About WatSim QUIT WHAT IF REPORTS TEMPERATURE IMPACT Print Temperature Impact TREATMENTS Choose Graphs Technical Manual Vary Temperature Print pH Impact Select Product EDIT CORRELATION Input Units Program Usage Graph vs Temperature Print At pH Target CORROSION RATES Edit Coefficients Print Mode pHIMPACT Print At D I C Target Select Metal Browse Correlations 3D Graph Types Vary pH Print At Langelier Index Target CREATE PRODUCT Browse Inhibitors C03 Calc s Graph vs pH Print At Ryznar Index Target Input Product DISPLAY PRINT OPTIONS TEMPERATURE pH IMPACT Output Size On Screen 3D Profile Output Windows To Display CHEMISTRY AT TARGET lons To Print At pH Target At D I C Target At Langelier Index Target Select Parameters Water Chemistry Input Sample Date 04 21 2003 n Time 20 40 Sample Description Report Date 04 21 2003 ips 0
83. e test methods the times for each replicate will vary naturally In other methods dosages are evaluated at constant time extensions and the last dosage to provide 10095 inhibition is selected as the minimum effective dosage Assure that the time spans covered by the data cover the full range over which you expect to use the model INCLUDE THE MINIMUM AND MAXIMUM FOR CRITICAL PARAMETERS Tests should ideally be run over the range of parameters under which the model will be used for inhibitor dosage recommendations For example the experimental design should include the minimum and maximum driving force where the model will be used If a calcium carbonate inhibitor is being evaluated the range of calcium and hardness levels anticipated should be bracketed as well as the range of calcite saturation levels RUN SUPPLEMENTAL TESTS WHERE APPROPRIATE Some inhibitors are known to lose activity in the presence of iron Tests run in the presence and absence of iron can help to expand the accuracy of models by allowing an Iron Factor to be input using the Edit Coefficients module Several papers are referenced in the Appendix of this manual which outline test methods which have been used effectively to characterize the performance of inhibitors Successful correlations can also be developed based upon the field experience of water treatment personnel have worked with an inhibitor over a broad range of conditions 58 EDITING INHIBITOR FILES TO ADD SAFE
84. e water The ion association method is well described in the literature 0 9001910 WatSim uses the free ion concentrations estimated by the ion association method in saturation level calculations The resultant saturation levels calculated are significantly lower than those based upon total analytical values The ion association model saturation levels have been in use by the major water treatment companies since the early 70 s The indices tend to give a more accurate indication of the driving force for scale formation They have not been in general use however due to the difficulty of calculating them The iterative approach required for the calculations mandates the use of a computer One of the purposes of WatSim is to make the ion association method for saturation levels available to all Water Treaters Saturation levels no matter how refined are still an equilibrium based index They provide a measure of the driving force for a scalant to form but do not incorporate the capacity of the water for continued scaling A water can have a high saturation level with no visible scale formation The driving force might be present but there is insufficient mass for gross precipitation Saturation levels should be viewed as another tool for developing an overall picture of a water s scale potential They can point out what scales won t form under the conditions evaluated but they can not predict that deposits of an economically significant quantity wil
85. eek Software Order Form Order Form The terms of this Agreement are incorporated by reference into the Order Form 1 WatSim Customer desires to license WatSim as indicated by Customer on the Order Form and more fully described in its accompanying documentation The System documentation indicates the equipment configurations which may be used to operate WatSim Rx and is hereby incorporated by reference Customer should specify on the Order Form the number of copies of the System to be licensed under this Agreement 2 DELIVERY AND SUPPORT French Creek will ship the number of copies of WatSim as indicated on the Order Form as well as System documentation upon French Creek s receipt and acceptance of an executed Order Form and accompanying fees Delivery will be made at a mutually agreeable time but no later than thirty 30 days after French Creek has accepted the Order Form Payment of applicable fees is due upon execution of the Order Form WatSim is capable of being installed by Customer by following the installation instructions in the documentation As part of the license fee French Creek provides 30 days of technical support Technical support refers to assisting Customer to learn how to operate WatSim Rx but does not include technical assistance in the interpretation of the various indices calculated by WatSim Rx If additional assistance is required French Creek will use its best efforts to assist Customer and will charge Customer for
86. eference Section Q32 New Open File Save File Save File As Printer Setup What s Stored About WatSim QUIT INPUT CHEMISTRY Water Analysis Input pH Curve TEMPERATURE pH IMPACT CHEMISTRY AT TARGET SELECT PRODUCT 100 6 Ortho PO4 Alkaline Zinc Sol Zn Polyphosphate TEMPERATURE IMPACT Vary Temperature Graph vs Temperature pHIMPACT Vary pH Graph vs pH Print Temperature Impact Print pH Impact Print At pH Target Print At D I C Target Print At Langelier Index Target Print At Ryznar Index Target CCRRGSI ON RATES Select Metal Input Product CREATE PRCDUCT TREATMENTS Input Lab Data Select Product EDIT CCRRELATION Edit Coefficients Browse Correlations Browse Inhibitors 3D Profile At pH Target At D I C Target At Langelier Index Target Select Parameters Corrosion Inh Soluble Zn Control Total Zn Control ELIMINATE DOSAGE Corrosion Inhib Corrosion Inhib 1 1 Zn P0O4 Cancel WatSim Quick Reference Section PREFERENCES Choose Graphs Input Units Print Mode 3D Graph Types C03 Calc s DISPLAY PRINT OPTIONS Output Size On Screen Output Windows To Display lons To Print Scales To Print Technical Manual Program Usage SELECT PRODUCT SELECTION PURPOSE The Select Product module in the FORMULARY pull down menu lists the products on file and a description of their purpose and allows you to select or change the p
87. em which freely exchanges CO2 with the atmosphere In many cases only minor differences in calculated values will be observed between methods WatSim Quick Reference Section WARNING Total Carbon Will Be Conserved in Calculations Switch to Alkalinity Y AN No Q45 FILES New Open File Save File Save File As Printer Setup What s Stored About WatSim QUIT INPUT CHEMISTRY Water Analysis Input pH Curve SELECTION PURPOSE The Output Size On Screen module in the PREFERENCES pull down menu allows the user to set the number of lines WHAT IF REPORTS MODELS LABORATORY TEMPERATURE IMPACT Print Temperature Impact TREATMENTS Input Lab Data Vary Temperature Print pH Impact Select Product EDIT CORRELATION Graph vs Temperature Print At pH Target CORROSIONRATES Edit Coefficients pH IMPACT Print At D I C Target Select Metal Browse Correlations Vary pH Print At Langelier Index Target CREATE PRODUCT Browse Inhibitors Graph vs pH Print At Ryznar Index Target Input Product TEMPERATURE pH IMPACT 3D Profile CHEMISTRY AT TARGET At pH Target At D I C Target At Langelier Index Target Select Parameters OUTPUT SIZE ON SCREEN PREFERENCES HELP Choose Graphs Input Units Print Mode 3D Graph Types C03 Calc s DISPLAY PRINT OPTIONS Output Size On Screen Output Windows To Display lons To Print Scales To Print Technical Manual Program Usage from the
88. ence of an inhibitor A simple mathematical description of these relationships might be modeled as Induction Time function 1 Saturation Level This models the decrease in induction time as saturation level increases The degree of supersaturation is the driving force which increases the rate at which scale will form Induction Time function Inhibitor Dosage Inhibitors extend the time before scale will form in a system by interfering with the kinetics of crystal formation and growth Rate decreases as inhibitor dosages increase Induction Time function Inhibitor Dosage 1 Saturation Level In cooling systems the inhibitors fight the driving force for scale formation and growth Inhibitors increase the induction time and interfere with reaction rates so that scale formation will not occur until the treated water has passed through the system 53 WatSim uses more sophisticated relationships than these to model the dosage requirements for scale inhibition Additional parameters include temperature as it affects the rate of crystal formation and or growth Dosage changes with temperature can be modeled by the Arrhenius relationship where A is a constant Ea is the activation energy R is the gas constant T is absolute temperature pH can also be included in the models pH is an important parameter to include when an inhibitor can exist in two or more forms within the pH range of use and where one of the
89. erwise provided herein all notices or other communications under this Agreement must be in writing and signed by a duly authorized representative of the party giving such notice or such other persons as either party shall specify in a written notice to the other All such notices shall be deemed given and received when delivered by hand or placed in the mails addressed to the other party first class registered mail postage prepaid at the addresses indicated following the signatures of the parties on the Order Form or such other addresses as may be specified in writing 0 ENTIRE AGREEMENT The terms and conditions stated herein constitute the entire and exclusive agreement between the parties for the System and no other statements unless agreed to in writing shall be binding upon the parties No statement of any marketing representative shall be binding on French Creek unless set forth in writing and agreed to by French Creek This Agreement shall be effective only after its acceptance by French Creek at its offices in Pennsylvania k GOVERNING LAW This Agreement shall be governed and construed in accordance with the laws of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania 67 68 INPUT CHEMISTRY WHAT IF New Open File Save File Save File As Printer Setup What s Stored About WatSim QUIT Water Analysis Input pH Curve TEMPERATURE IMPACT Vary Temperature Graph vs Temperature pHIMPACT Vary pH Graph vs pH TEMPERATUR
90. es WATEQ A Computer Program for Calculating Chemical Equilibria in Natural Waters N T I S Publication PB220460 1973 8 Schell Charles J The Use of Computer Modeling in Calguard to Mathematically Simulate Water Systems and Retrieve Data Proceedings of the 41rst International Water Conference 1980 9 Chow Winston Aronson John T Michletti Wayne C Calculations of Water Systems Computer Modeling of Recirculating Water Chemistry Proceedings of the 41rst International Water Conference 1980 10 Johnson Donald A Fulks Kenneth E Computerized Water Modeling in the Design and Operation of Industrial Cooling Systems Proceedings of the 41rst International Water Conference 1980 11 Musil R R and H J Nielsen Computer Modeling of Water Chemistry Proceedings of the 45th International Water Conference 1984 12 Ferguson R J A Kinetic Model for Calcium Carbonate Deposition Materials Performance November 1984 13 Caplan Gary Water Computer Calculations Do They Compare Corrosion 90 Paper 100 14 Ferguson R J Computerized Ion Association Model Profiles Complete Range of Cooling System Parameters Proceedings of the 52nd International Water Conference 1991 15 Gill J S Anderson C D and Varsanik R G Mechanism of Scale Inhibition by Phosphonates Proceedings of the 44th International Water Conference 1983 61 16 Boffardi B P Schweitzer G W Advances in the Chemistry of A
91. es of analysis can be used to statistically model the inhibitor performance and develop a INH file mathematical model A minimum of five 5 analysis are required for a COR file to be used 20 GETTING STARTED System Requirements Installation Selecting Analytical Units Carbonate Calculations 21 System Requirements As a general rule French Creek Software programs will run on the minimum system configuration for a given Windows operating system Performance increases with memory and processor speed Suggested minimums are as follows Windows 3 1 Windows 95 Windows NT Processor 80386 Minimum 80486 DX2 66 Pentium 75 RAM Memory 8 Megabytes 8 Megabytes 12 Megabytes 12 Preferred 16 Preferred Hard Drive 4 Megabytes 4 Megabytes 4 Megabytes Space VGA 640 x 480 VGA 640 x 480 VGA 640 x 480 Video SVGA 800 x 16 SVGA 800 x 16 SVGA 800 x 16 preferred preferred preferred Notes Math Coprocessor Math Coprocessor Math Coprocessor required required required Please note that each workspace file will consume up to 50K of hard drive space Each graph stored as a PCX file will use around 50K Each graph stored as a BMP file can take up to 600K of hard drive space If you choose to install the program on a 386 or 486 system insure that a math coprocessor 80386 80387 or 4868 X 487SX or 486DX Pentium processors and equivalents include a math coprocessor 23 INSTALLATION BEFORE YOU DO ANYTHING ELSE WHY NOT MAKE A BACKUP COPY
92. ex Target CREATE PRODUCT Browse Inhibitors C03 Calc s What s Stored Graph vs pH Print At Ryznar Index Target Input Product DISPLAY PRINT OPTIONS About WatSim TEMPERATURE pH IMPACT Output Size On Screen QUIT 3D Profile Output Windows To Display CHEMISTRY AT TARGET lons To Print At pH Target Scales To Print At D I C Target At Langelier Index Target Select Parameters VARY pH SELECTION PURPOSE The Vary pH module in the WHAT IF SCENARIOS pulldown menu models the impact of pH upon lead and copper solubility and upon the WatSim indicators of scale and corrosivity potential and the dosages required to inhibit them Indicator pH trends are presented in table form WHEN SHOULD IT BE USED Select Vary pH to evaluate the indicators of scale and corrosivity potential over the expected operating pH range for the cooling system Include the minimum and maximum expected pH values to assure for example that both the salts whose solubility decreases with increasing pH and those whose solubility increase with pH are evaluated under their harshest expected conditions WHAT DOES IT DO The Vary pH module evaluates the water chemistry at seven 7 pH values evenly spaced from the minimum pH you selected to the maximum Default values are a 6 0 minimum and 9 0 maximum Profiles are calculated at the Typical Temperature entered A popup menu for selecting display and output options is displayed across the top of the window Tables can be grabbed a
93. f a water over the temperature range expected and the pH range encountered Input parameters for selecting the What If scenario ranges include minimum and maximum temperature and minimum and maximum pH values Use of this modeling capability allows a painless evaluation of scale potential and corrosivity indicators from the minimum inlet water temperature anticipated to the highest discharge temperature predicted and from the lowest pH encountered to the highest The final common thread between the scenarios is the selection of graphs for modeling Graphs can be selected using the Choose Graphs module or from the OPTIONS menu bar when a graph is displayed CHOOSE GRAPHS SATURATION LEVEL Calcite x Sat firagonite x Sat Anhydrite x Sat Gypsum x Sat Calcium P04 x Sat Hydroxyapatite x Sat Ca polyphosphate x Sat Zinc phosphate x Sat Fluorite x Sat Silica x Sat Brucite x Sat Magnesium silicate x Sat Ferric hydroxide x Sat Siderite x Sat Strengite x Sat COMMON INDICES anann lines Ted 33 CONVENIENCE GROUPS Three CONVENIENCE GROUPS have been programmed into WatSim to allow multiple graph selection of common groups e The Common Foulants convenience group includes Calcite Silica Tricalcium phosphate and Anhydrite saturation levels e The Common Indices convenience group includes the Langelier Ryznar Puckorius and Larson Skold Ratio indices e The Calcium Carbonate convenience group includes Calcite sa
94. fer to the Getting Started section for examples of the forms Choose Ions To Print and Choose Scales To Print These may be accessed from the Preferences Menu Change Range New Product Options In early versions of WatSim changing products and displaying the new results could be a cumbersome and sometimes inefficient process You had to leave a graph or table access the Select Parameters form and then go back to the output form or graph to see the results of the change Version 3 0 added the ability to change the range for a report and see the results updated on the screen without leaving the graph or report For pH profiles you can press the Change Range button on the output form and input a new pH range For Temperature profiles you can press the Change Range button on the output form and input a new Temperature range The New Product and Change Product buttons allow you to select a new treatment and view the new dosages and color coded ranges on the screen 37 The NEW TREATMENT and CHANGE RANGE selections on output windows allows you to quickly see the impact of parameter or treatment changes WATER CHEMISTRY VERSUS pH OPTIONS NEW TREATMENT NEW METALLURGY CHANGE RANGE Sample ID Report Date 04 21 2003 Sampled 04 21 2003 at 2040 N pH CATIONS 7 00 y 7 80 3 Calcium as CaCO3 107 00 290 00 00 Magnesium as CaCO3 23 00 23 00 00 00 Sodium as Na Vana s 32 IIS Potassium as 1 30 s 2230 30
95. ffering capacity and alkalinity to otherwise not be overly aggressive Perhaps the presence of chloride and sulfate interferes with the film formation which otherwise would be expected It must be noted that the Larson Skold relationship is based upon Great Lakes waters Extrapolation to other waters such as those of low alkalinity or extreme alkalinity goes beyond the range of the original data Such extrapolations should be closely scrutinized or weighted lightly Most water treaters will agree however that the aggressiveness of a water increases with increasing chloride and or sulfate levels and that corrosivity also increases with decreasing alkalinity The index has proven a useful tool in predicting the aggressiveness of distribution waters It is included in WatSim due to the preponderance of waters of composition similar to the Great Lakes waters and due to its potential usefulness as in indicator of aggressiveness in reviewing the applicability of corrosion inhibition treatment programs which rely heavily on the natural alkalinity and film forming capabilities of a water The index might be interpreted by the following guidelines Larson Skold Indication lt lt 0 2 chlorides and sulfate probably will not interfere with natural film formation gt gt 0 2 but lt lt 0 6 X chlorides and sulfates may interfere with natural film formation Higher than desired corrosion rates might be anticipated gt gt 0 6 the tendency towar
96. forms is much more active as a scale inhibitor than the other s pH can also affect the type of scale that forms e g Tricalcium phosphate versus hydroxylapatite 54 DEVELOPING INHIBITOR MODELS This section describes the use of the Laboratory Edition Modules for e Inputting laboratory and field data to develop an inhibitor model e Editing inhibitor files to add special rules for handling iron e Editing inhibitor files to include a safety factor The Input Lab Data module in the LABORATORY pull down menu is used to create inhibitor INH file The module accepts initial specifications for the inhibitor e g Name Description Molecular weight and instructions for developing a model e g the Driving Force to use the modeling method New Inhibitor Data Input Inhibitor Name 55M PS Raw Data File Aaamps COR Inhibitor Purpose 4 2 Inhibitor Output File AAAMPS INH E a Hydroxyapatite Cab PO4 3 DH Scale Inhibitor Dosage Property Modeled Molecular Weight 2500 000000 Orthophosphate asPO4 0 0000 ips 233 Property Variable Transform Lower Upper E Limit Limit LOG Variable 1 Hydroxyapatite Sat 3500 33 00 Wwe _ s900 200 eil c d 00 sso wwhi X 3 4I so js wwe o aeo fao uu Ip OM es 99 00 DK Cancel After this preliminary data is entered and the Correlate button is pressed to signify completion the module accepts input
97. gement of another party s rights then French Creek shall either 64 a procure the right for Customer to use such licensed System b modify such portion of the System to become non infringing provided that such modification does not adversely affect Customer s intended use of the System as contemplated hereunder c replace the infringing portions of the System with equally suitable compatible and functionally equivalent non infringing programs and or other materials at no additional charge to Customer d if none of the above are commercially practicable then Customer shall terminate its use of the licensed System and accept from French Creek as compensation therefor all license fees paid hereunder less an amount equal to such license fees divided by 60 multiplied by the number of months of Customer s use of the System commencing with the date of System delivery This warranty and indemnity shall not apply 1f Customer is in material breach of this Agreement and such breach gave rise to French Creek s liability hereunder Similarly this warranty and indemnity shall not apply if the basis for the infringement claim is due to the System being used in conjunction with software not supplied by French Creek hereunder or which differs in any way from the software or equipment configuration specified in the documentation for use with the System This section states French Creek s entire liability concerning allegations that French Creek lac
98. h Text Files RTF WatSim Engineer Edition Files The Engineer Edition creates the same files SIM RTF and graphic files that are created by the original WatSim program The Engineer Edition SIM file includes any dosage recommendations calculated prior to the file being saved as well as information on the current product The Engineer Edition uses but cannot create modify or display product information files PRD PRD files contain product formulation information such as active ingredients and their percentages This information is used in conjunction with mathematical inhibitor model coefficients to calculate dosage recommendations The Engineer Edition can use the information in the files but is not capable of displaying this sometimes proprietary information The active ingredient list and their percentages cannot be obtained by loading a product PRD file into the Engineer Edition program WatSim Formulator Edition Files The Formulator Edition creates the same files that are created by the original WatSim program Additionally the Formulator Edition can create product PRD files It can also access inhibitor INH files The Formulator Edition can create modify and display product information files PRD The INPUT FORMULATION module is used to access or create a PRD file Active ingredients information is added to the PRD files through the loading of the inhibitor file for the active 19 ingredient being adde
99. he inhibitor and time WatSim allows you to develop mathematical models for the minimum effective scale inhibitor dosage as a function of these parameters driving force temperature pH and time Mathematical models for inhibitors can be developed using the Laboratory version of WatSim by editing water chemistry temperature and time data developed in the laboratory through field experience or both The WatSim series is composed of the following programs WatSim Field Engineer s Edition This version of the program allows a user to select a product and obtain a dosage or dosage profile Product PRD files must be supplied for each product the Enginerr s version can model The program can also perform all functions of the basic WatSim program Dosage recommendations are incorporated into the basic WatSim system as an additional line of output on the tables output and as an additional graph selection in the What if modules WatSim Formulator s Edition This version allows a user to input a product formulation and create a Product PRD file The program must have access to Inhibitor INH files for an inhibitor to be incorporated into a formulation The Formulator s version incorporates all functions and printouts available in the basic WatSim program and in the Engioneer s Edition of the WatSim series WatSim Laboratory Edition This version allows a user to develop mathematical models for scale and corrosion inhibitors in addition to
100. ill require between 28 and 29K bytes of available disk space WHAT DO YOU NEED You need a unique name for the file as well as the disk drive and directory and or subdirectory information Unless you specify otherwise WatSima automatically saves files on the disk drive and directory from which the program was executed PREREQUISITES This selection will not be active unless sufficient information has been entered e g a minimum of the Source Analysis must be run for the Save File selection to be active You must have opened the current file or created it during the current WatSim session Q4 FILES New Open File Save File Printer Setup What s Stored About WatSim QUIT INPUT CHEMISTRY Water Analysis Input pH Curve WHAT IF TEMPERATURE IMPACT Vary Temperature Graph vs Temperature pH IMPACT Vary pH Graph vs pH TEMPERATURE pH IMPACT 3D Profile CHEMISTRY AT TARGET At pH Target At D I C Target At Langelier Index Target Select Parameters REPCRTS Print Temperature Impact Print pH Impact Print At pH Target Print At D I C Target Print At Langelier Index Target Print At Ryznar Index Target TREATMENTS Select Product CORROSION RATES Select Metal CREATE PRODUCT Input Product Input Lab Data EDIT CORRELATION Edit Coefficients Browse Correlations Browse Inhibitors Save in muni l OCGA COR CWT DEGA files FONTS INCLUD
101. in the FILES pulldown menu allows you to restore a previously evaluated water analysis and all calculations completed prior to the work being saved in file All program flags are reset to the state when the work was saved WHEN SHOULD IT BE USED Select Open File when you wish to review the results of a previously completed water evaluation Restore previously saved work when you wish to prepare further graphs or evaluate further parameters using the WHAT IF SCENARIOS e g a broader pH and temperature range for a water WHAT DOES IT DO The Open File module loads all input and calculated values from a previously saved disk file Parameters in effect when the work was saved are also loaded including graph choices WHAT DO YOU NEED You need the name of the file where previous work was stored as well as the disk drive and directory and or subdirectory information Unless you specify otherwise WatSima automatically saves files on the disk drive and directory from which the program was executed WatSim Quick Reference Section New Water Analysis TEMPERATURE IMPACT Print Temperature Impact TREATMENTS Open File Input pH Curve Vary Temperature Print pH Impact Select Product Save File Graph vs Temperature Print At pH Target CORROSION RATES Save File As pHIMPACT Print At D I C Target Select Metal Printer Setup Vary pH Print At Langelier Index Target CREATE PRCDUCT What s Stored Graph vs pH Print At Ryznar Index Target Input Product About WatSim TEM
102. int It can calculate the lime feed required to achieve a given Index Target or D I C In summary you should use WatSim 1 To develop an overall profile of scale and corrosion potential over the entire range of critical parameters anticipated 2 To evaluate the maximum solubility of copper and lead as an aid in establishing control limits 3 To evaluate the benefits of pH control with respect to scale potential corrosion rate and to estimate acid alkali requirements 4 To develop an overall profile of scale potential for scalants over the entire range of critical parameters anticipated 5 To learn more about the interaction of water chemistry and operating conditions pH temperature by using the program as a system simulator 6 Tosavetime WatSim can calculate and save sophisticated indices and solubility profiles plus the indices you currently calculate by hand and store the water analyses and calculated indices In many cases WatSim allows you to prepare presentation quality graphical profiles in about the same time it would take to manually calculate the Langelier and Ryznar indices WatSim provides a complete profile for the manpower cost of calculating a few indices using a nomograph or water treatment slide rule nomograph or spreadsheet WHAT INDICATORS DOES WatSim CALCULATE WatSim calculates indicators of scale potential for calcium carbonate tricalcium phosphate hydroxylapatite silica calcium sulfate calcium fluorid
103. is a term applied to the period before a water will begin to form scale In high saturation level systems the induction period can be very short In systems where a water is barely supersaturated the induction time can approach infinity Scale inhibitors have been observed to extend the induction time before scale formation or growth on existing scale substrate occurs Gill et al presented a paper at the 1984 International Water Conference which provides excellent examples of the variation of dosage requirements as critical parameters change 50 IMPACT OF HEDP CONCENTRATION ON INDUCTION TIME INDUCTION TIME seconds Thousands 0 02 0 04 0 05 HEDP CONCENTRATION mg l Figure 1 portrays the impact of HEDP dosage on induction time at constant driving force Figure 2 presents similar data for AMP 51 IMPACT OF CONCENTRATION ON INDUCTION TIME 25 n o 15 10 INDUCTION TIME seconds Thousands 0 04 0 08 0 1 AMP CONCENTRATION mg l It can be seen from figures and 2 that induction time increases as inhibitor dosages increases In water systems scale inhibitors may function by increasing the induction time until the water has passed through the system 52 IMPACT OF CALCITE SATURATION LEVEL ON INDUCTION TIME INDUCTION TIME seconds Thousands 2 58 4 6 6 47 SATURATION LEVEL Ca CO3 Ksp Figure 3 demonstrates that induction time decreases with saturation level even in the pres
104. ives Password Water OK Calc x Delete File WatSim Quick Reference Section INPUT CHEMISTRY New Water Analysis TEMPERATURE IMPACT Print Temperature Impact TREATMENTS Choose Graphs Technical Manual Open File Input pH Curve Vary Temperature Print pH Impact Select Product EDIT CORRELATION Input Units Program Usage Save File Graph vs Temperature Print At pH Target CORRCSIONRATES Edit Coefficients Print Mode Save File As pHIMPACT Print At D I C Target Select Metal Browse Correlations 3D Graph Types Printer Setup Vary pH Print At Langelier Index Target CREATE PRODUCT Browse Inhibitors C03 Calc s What s Stored Graph vs pH Print At Ryznar Index Target Input Product DISPLAY PRINT OPTIONS About WatSim TEMPERATURE IMPACT Output Size On Screen QUIT 3D Profile Output Windows To Display CHEMISTRY AT TARCET lons To Print At pH Target Scales To Print INPUT PRODUCT SELECTION PURPOSE The Input Product module in the FORMULARY pull down menu is used to create a product PRD file WHEN SHOULD IT BE USED Use the Input Product module to create a new product file or modify an existing product file s Product Name Description or Formulation NOTE Inhibitors should be re loaded into a formulation sheet when an inhibitor file is updated Product files load a copy of the inhibitor file when they are created They DO NOT automatically re load a new file when the inhibitor data is updated WHAT D
105. k the original and all copies of the licensed System and related documentation Furthermore Customer acknowledges that French Creek shall be entitled to an injunction prohibiting the use and further disclosure of such licensed System and materials and further entitled to money damages resulting from such unauthorized disclosure The rights and remedies set forth herein are not exclusive and are in addition to any other rights and remedies provided by law and the exercise of one right shall not preclude the exercise of any other right stated herein The terms and conditions of this section shall survive any termination of this Agreement 8 MAINTENANCE Customer may elect to have French Creek perform maintenance services for the System by so indicating on the Order Form Maintenance services will commence upon Customer s execution of the Order Form and French Creek s receipt of the appropriate maintenance fee Maintenance services will be provided for an initial term of one year and will renew for additional one year terms unless either party gives 60 days prior written notice of its intention to terminate such services Fees for renewal terms of maintenance services will be calculated as a percentage of the then current license fee for the System at time of renewal Under maintenance French Creek will provide Customer with periodic releases of the System that will include minor enhancements as well as modifications to keep the System operating in acc
106. ked the night to license the System hereunder The terms and conditions of this section shall survive any termination of this Agreement 7 CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION Customer acknowledges that the System and accompanying documentation constitute valuable and proprietary property of French Creek Customer understands and agrees that French Creek may suffer irreparable harm in the event of any unauthorized disclosure of any portion of the System and or its accompanying documentation which may substantially diminish the value of such System and documentation to French Creek Therefore Customer agrees not to disclose any portion of the System or accompanying documentation without the prior written consent of French Creek except that Customer may disclose such materials a to employees of Customer who have a need to be familiar with the operation of the System or its accompanying documentation b to any governmental agency with supervisory authority over Customer or pursuant to compulsory legal process or c to others in a strict confidential relationship with Customer In this regard Customer shall take all steps as are necessary or appropriate to fulfill this obligation In the event that Customer materially breaches its obligations under this section Customer understands and agrees that French Creek has the right to terminate this Agreement upon written notification to Customer Customer further agrees upon such termination to return to French Cree
107. l form The next index covered incorporated the properties of quantity as well as driving force to round out the WatSim indicators of scale potential 10 MOMENTARY EXCESS PRECIPITATION TO EQUILIBRIUM This index is adapted from a little used calculation of Momentary Excess This index describes the quantity of scalant which would have to precipitate instantaneously to bring a water to equilibrium In the case of calcium carbonate Ca CO Ksp at equilibrium If a water is supersaturated Ca CO3 gt gt Ksp Precipitation to equilibrium assumes that one 1 mole of calcium will precipitate for every mole of carbonate that precipitates On this basis we can estimate a quantity X the precipitation required to restore a water to equilibrium as follows Ca X CO X Ksp X is a quantitative indicator of precipitation reserve for a water X will be a small value when either calcium is high and carbonate low or when carbonate is high and calcium low It will increase to a maximum when equal parts of calcium and carbonate are present As a result this index Precipitation to Equilibrium will provide vastly different values for waters with the same saturation level Although the original Momentary Excess index was applied only to calcium carbonate scale WatSim extends the index to other scale forming species In the case of sulfate momentary excess is calculated by solving for X in the relationship Ca X SO4 X K
108. l system pH to account for the buffering effects Puckorius scaling index 2 pHs WatSim calculates the pH for this index using the rigorous iterative method Puckorius formula for pHeq 5 is used PHeq 1 465 x logio M Alkalinity 4 54 The Puckorius scaling index provides another tool for evaluating the calcium carbonate scale potential for a water and is included in the WatSim indices of calcium carbonate scale potential LARSON SKOLD INDEX Larson s Ratio The Larson Skold index describes the corrosivity of water towards mild steel The index is based upon evaluation of in situ corrosion of mild steel transport lines in systems transporting Great Lakes waters The index is the ratio of equivalents per million of sulfate SO4 and chloride Cl to the equivalents per million of alkalinity in the form bicarbonate plus carbonate HCO COs Larson Skold index epm Cl 804 HCO CO3 As outlined in their paper 6 the index correlated closely to observed corrosion rates and to the type of attack in the Great Lakes water study It should be noted that the waters studied in the development of the relationship were not alkalinity or buffering capacity deficient They were capable of forming an inhibitory calcium carbonate film if no interferences were present The results of the study demonstrate that chlorides and sulfates increase the aggressiveness of a water with adequate bu
109. lcium Carbonate Calcite Aragonite Anhydrite Gypsum Calcium polyPO4 Zinc phos 0 20 6 58 0 52 1 50 Strengite 04 21 2003 FREE ION MOMENTARY alcium phosphate Technical Manual Program Usage at 2040 Free 38 5 1 2 0 5 0 6 0 0 EXC OPERATING CONDITIONS 37 19 1 27 0 490 0 781 4 35 Temperature Time hrs 110 0 24 00 Q25 INPUT CHEMISTRY WHAT IF PREFERENCES HELP New Open File Save File Save File As Printer Setup What s Stored About WatSim QUIT Water Analysis Input pH Curve WatSim What if Scenarios r pH Selection Low pH 7 Temperature Selection Low Temp 70 pH Control Method HighPH gg Alkalies Caustic soda NaQH Caustic potash KOH Soda ash Ma2CO3 Sodium bicarbonate NaHCO3 Lime Ca OH 2 Limestone CaCO3 Mg NON Acids 98 H2S0 C 35XHCI 53X HNO3 C co2 NONE pH Prediction Method C Default Cuve C Translate Source pH TEMPERATURE IMPACT Vary Temperature Graph vs Temperature pH IMPACT Vary pH Graph vs pH Print Temperature Impact Print pH Impact Print At pH Target Print At D I C Target Print At Langelier Index Target Print At Ryznar Index Target TREATMENTS Select Product CORROSION RATES Select Metal CREATE PRODUCT Input Product Input Lab Data EDIT CORRELATION Edit Coefficients Browse Correlations Browse Inhibitors TEMPERATU
110. lkaline Water Treatment Corrosion 85 Paper 132 17 Ashcroft R H Scale Inhibition Under Harsh Conditions By 2 Phosphonobutane 1 2 4 Tricarboxylic Acid Corrosion 85 Paper 123 18 Hann W M Natoli J Acrylic Acid Polymers and Copolymers as Deposit Control Agents in Alkaline Water Systems Corrosion 84 Paper 315 19 Amjad Z Masler W F III The Inhibition of Calcium Sulfate Dihydrate Crystal Growth by Polyacrylates and the Influence of Molecular Weight Corrosion 85 Paper 357 62 WatSim TM LICENSE AGREEMENT FRENCH CREEK SOFTWARE INC FRENCH CREEK Kimberton amp Hares Hill Road Box 684 Kimberton PA 19442 French Creek has developed the automated capability to predict certain chemical properties of water samples French Creek refers to this computer software as WatSim Rx sometimes referred to as WatSim or System in this Agreement WatSim 18 a predictive tool which will enable Customer to obtain a more complete understanding of the chemistry of the water being analyzed WatSim should be used as a supplement to Customer s historical experience and other testing procedures which Customer may utilize WatSim is not intended as a substitute for the exercise of judgment by Customer s employees or consultants These terms and conditions state the legally binding understandings between French Creek and Customer relating to the licensing of the System and the performance of services indicated in the French Cr
111. ll form or be dissolved in order to bring a water to equilibrium Although they are very useful a second factor must be considered in interpreting saturation level based indices Saturation level based indices indicate the potential for scale formation if a water is unperturbed for an infinite period of time Most water systems have a substantially shorter holding time index A final point on the Langelier index deals with the concept of corrosivity The LSI was not intended as an indicator of corrosivity towards mild steel or other metals of construction The LSI describes only the corrosivity of a water towards an existing calcium carbonate scale or other calcium carbonate bearing structure The LSI does describe the tendency of a water to dissolve corrode calcite scale It has also been used to control the corrosion of asbestos concrete board ACB fill which uses calcium carbonate as part of the binder Water is adjusted to be non corrosive to ACB fill by increasing the pH to a saturated non corrosive LSI But the interpretation of corrosivity towards metals is not explicit in the LSI It has been postulated that a supersaturated water will form an eggshell like film of calcium carbonate scale which will act as an inhibitor film for corrosion of mild steel This can occur in highly buffered waters The LSI or other saturation based indices do not guarantee this inhibitory behavior Calcium carbonate film formation is typically
112. ll maintenance fees that would have been payable to French Creek if Customer had been or remained on maintenance plus an additional 1096 reinstatement fee Thereafter French Creek s liability to Customer shall not exceed the amount of license fees paid to French Creek on account of the System French Creek shall have no liability to Customer for damages resulting from causes beyond French Creek s reasonable control IN NO EVENT WILL FRENCH CREEK BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES INCLUDING LOSS OF PROFITS OR GOODWILL ARISING FROM OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SYSTEM OR SERVICES PROVIDED UNDER THIS AGREEMENT EVEN IF FRENCH CREEK IS ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES THIS SECTION STATES CUSTOMER S EXCLUSIVE REMEDIES UNDER THIS AGREEMENT THIS SECTION SHALL SURVIVE ANY TERMINATION OF THIS AGREEMENT 11 TERM AND TERMINATION The license granted in this Agreement is for a term of twenty 20 years or until sooner terminated as stated herein Upon termination Customer shall return to French Creek the original and all copies of the licensed System and related documentation or certify in writing to French Creek the destruction of such materials French Creek reserves the right to terminate any service provided hereunder as stated herein or in the Order Form 12 GENERAL AMENDMENT No amendment or supplement to this Agreement shall be binding unless consented to in writing and signed by both parties provided th
113. lyphosphate Trizinc phosphate Amorphous Silica Brucite Boron Sulfide Dosage Phosphate Calculated T D S Pyrophosphate Corrosion Rate Fluoride Nitrate SELECT ALL Cancel 22999999 99999979 9 c c c m c c c c c c c a Simple Indices and Indicators Langelier Saturation Free vs Total Calcium Ryznar Stability Index Free vs Total Carbonate Puckorius Practical Free vs Total PO4 Larson Skold Index DAC m Maximum Solubilities Copper solubility Zinc solubility Lead solubility 28 What if Scenario Modeling Introduction What if Predicting pH Report Options Copy to the Clipboard Print Choosing lonsiScales to Print and CopylPaste Change Range Change Treatment Tables Graphs 31 WHAT IF SCENARIO MODELING What if scenario modeling provides one of the greatest benefits from using WatSim The WHAT IF SCENARIO modules allow you to visualize what will happen to the scale potential and corrosivity of a water as operating parameters and water chemistry change The What If scenarios allow you to evaluate the current water over the entire range of operating parameters The What If s also provide a predictor for use in evaluating new cooling systems and as an aid in establishing control ranges and operating parameters For distribution systems the What If scenarios allow you to evaluate the scale potential o
114. might be collected at lt 1 0 lt 2 lt 5 or another performance target This will allow for the development of a model of dosage required to achieve the target mpy or less DEACTIVATING ANALYSIS FILES There will be times when it is desired to perform a statistical modeling of the data with the results of one or more analysis excluded from the evaluation This can be valuable in eliminating outliers to see their impact Pressing the ACTIVATE or DE ACTIVATE buttons when an analysis is on the screen ACTIVATES or DE ACTIVATES an analysis De activating does not eliminate the data from the COR file it merely excludes it from statistical evaluation LEARNING THE LABORATORY MODULES The best way to learn these modules is by using them A COR file is included for practice on modeling inhibitor performance and requirements 60 REFERENCES Stumm Werner and James J Morgan Aquatic Chemistry John Wiley amp Sons 1981 2 Langelier W F The Analytical Control of Anti Corrosion Water Treatment J A W W A 8 500 1521 1936 3 Stumm Werner Investigations on the Corrosive Behavior of Waters A S C E 86 2657 4 Loewenthal R E and G v R Marais Carbonate Chemistry of Aquatic Systems Ann Arbor Science 1982 5 Puckorius Paul Getting A Better Reading on Scaling Tendency of Water Power September 1983 6 Larson T E and Skold R V Corrosion 14 1958 7 Truesdell A H and Jon
115. nd moved by holding down the left mouse button while the cursor is in the window and dragging Up and Down arrow keys can also be used to move the table windows PREREQUISITES There are no prerequisites for the Vary pH module other than the INPUT SOURCE WATER chemistry The module will ask you to select graphs from a scrolling vertical menu if none are selected You can change the graph selection using the Select Graphs option from the PREFERENCES pulldown menu or from the Choose Graphs option on the menu bar at the top of a displayed graph WatSim Quick Reference Section Q17 WATER CHEMISTRY VERSUS pH OPTIONS NEW TREATMENT NEW METALLURGY CHANGE RANGE 0 Report Date 04 21 2003 CATIONS 7 00 7 21 Calcium as CaCO3 107 00 107 00 Magnesium as CaCO3 23 00 Sodium as Na 25 71 Potassium as K 1 30 Iron as Fe 0 02 Ammonia as NH3 0 00 Aluminum as CaCO3 0 00 Zinc as Zn 0 00 Boron as B 0 00 ANIONS Chloride as Cl 35 0 Sulfate as SO4 71 6 Acidity M Alkalinity P Alkalinity Phosphate as PO4 Pyrophosphate as PO4 25 as 25 Fluoride as F Nitrate as NO3 PARAMETERS pH Temperature Deg F Calculated T D S 98 Sulfuric Acid Caustic Soda WatSim Quick Reference Section 23 00 25 71 1 30 0 02 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 ouowob5uon oo OOs pH 7 80 107 00 23 00 76 07 1 30 0 02 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 e O0 Oouwowocotooo 7 80 110 00 479 76 0 00 87 50 8 07 107 00
116. nt pH Impact Select Product EDIT CORRELATION Input Units Program Usage Save File Graph vs Temperature Print At pH Target CORROSION RATES Edit Coefficients Print Mode Save File As pHIMPACT Print At D I C Target Select Metal Browse Correlations 3D Graph Types Printer Setup Vary pH engage ME CREATE PRODUCT Browse Inhibitors Calc s What s Stored Graph vs pH Print At Ryznar Index Target Input Product DISPLAY PRINT OPTIONS About WatSim TEMPERATURE pH IMPACT Output Size On Screen QUIT 3D Profile Output Windows To Display CHEMISTRY AT TARGET lons To Print At pH Target Scales To Print At D I C Target At Langelier Index Target Select Parameters PRINT At Langelier Index Target SELECTION PURPOSE The Print At Langelier Index module in the REPORTS pull down menu outputs the table generated in the Langelier Index Target module and the input analysis to the currently selected printer WHEN SHOULD IT BE USED Use the Print module whenever a hard copy of the water source and the outputs at the Langelier Index Target is desired WHAT DOES IT DO The module adds the date sample ID and analysis description information to the tables generated in the Langelier Index Target module and prints them PREREQUISITES The Target Langelier Index module must be run prior to the Print module WatSim Quick Reference Section Q31 Print Temperature Impact TREATMENTS Choose Graphs Print pH Impact Select
117. o minutes a water is present in a distribution system or the hours to days a water is present in a large distribution system or cooling tower system Most waters can carry a small degree of supersaturation The degree of supersaturation acceptable for a system varies with parameters such as residence time the order of the scale reaction and the amount of solid phase scale present in the system To be on the safe side it is recommended that an appropriate inhibitor be fed to a cooling system if the saturation level is above 1 0 The acceptable degree of saturation for a given system should be based upon your experience The author has found the following guidelines useful Calcium carbonate In most systems treatment is necessary when the saturation level at the highest temperature and pH in the system is above 1 2 to 1 5 A slightly higher degree of supersaturation can be carried in some towers 12 Calcium sulfate Treatment is recommended when the saturation level for gypsum exceeds 1 0 In higher temperature systems gt gt 130 F treatment is required normally when anhydrite saturation level exceeds 1 0 Silica Most waters can carry a silica saturation level of 1 1 to 1 2 WatSim silica saturation levels are calculated using the solubility product for amorphous silica A saturation level in this range equates to a water silica level of around 150 ppm as SiO2 at an acid to neutral pH and 180 ppm or above in waters with a pH above
118. of water analysis data through almost the same analytical input form that is used in the Once Through Source Analysis module and Cooling Tower Make up Analysis modules The Input Lab Data form adds two 2 significant fields to the water analysis forms dosage and time The input form differs in another way operation The Lab Data Input Form replaces itself with a fresh form every time OK is pressed 55 Water Chemistry Input Sample Date 12 16 1999 Time 17 54 ins Report Date 12 16 1993 a REC Sample Description Laboratory Test Run 4 Inhibitor Calcium 200 00 as Ca Magnesium oo Mg Sodium oo as Potassium o 00 CaCO3 Iron o 00 as CaCO3 Ammonia as NH3 pH 7 800 Corrosion rate 0 00 mpy Change Units Aluminum 0 00 as Boron oo as B Chloride o 00 as Sulfate 0 00 as 504 Alkalinity 200 00 as CaCO3 P Alkalinity 0 00 as 03 Induction time 62 18 sec Fitting Indes 0 00 mpy Display Fesur Print Result Recalculate Hydrogen sulfide 0 00 as H2S Silica 0 00 as 5102 Phosphate 2 00 MU Previous Fluoride 0 00 as Nitrate 0 00 Weactivate as Temperature 35 00 Activate as C Dosaae 5 00 mqiL Comment Correlate T The Next Page and Last Page buttons allow you to browse through the analysis that have been input and
119. on Q36 FILES INPUT CHEMISTRY WHAT IF REPORTS New Water Analysis TEMPERATURE IMPACT Print Temperature Impact TREATMENTS Input Lab Data Choose Graphs Technical Manual Open File Input pH Curve Vary Temperature Print pH Impact Select Product EDIT CORRELATION Input Units Program Usage Save File Graph vs Temperature Print At pH Target CORROSIONRATES 090106 Print Mode Save File As pHIMPACT Print At D I C Target Select Metal Browse Correlations 3D Graph Types Printer Setup Vary pH Print At Langelier Index Target CREATE PRODUCT Browse Inhibitors C03 Calc s What s Stored Graph vs pH Print At Ryznar Index Target Input Product DISPLAY PRINT OPTIONS About WatSim TEMPERATURE IMPACT Output Size On Screen QUIT 3D Profile Output Windows To Display CHEMISTRY AT TARCET lons To Print At pH Target Scales To Print At D I C Target At Langelier Index Target Select Parameters EDIT COEFFICIENTS FACTORS FOR SPECIAL CASES SELECTION PURPOSE The Edit Coefficient module in the LABORATORY pull down menu is used to add INHIBITOR orthophosphate FILENAME ortho INH LJ safety factors iron factors and other customizing values to PURPOSE corrosion inhibitor INH files WHEN SHOULD IT BE USED Use the Edit Coefficient SAFETY FACTOR ooo 1 1 increases by 10 1 2 by 20 etc module when you wish to add a 10 20 30 or other safety factor to dosages prodicted by the inhibitor model
120. on menu for the word processor and select a fixed width font like Courier or Courier New 3 You may have to adjust the margins to the minimum or select a smaller sized font 41 WatSim Models amp Predicts Corrosion Rate Load the Metal to evaluate using the SELECT METAL module predict corrosion rates General Etch Corrosion Profile mm yr or mpy General Etch Corrosion Profile General Etch Corrosion Profile 0221 de Temperature F WatSim Evaluates Scale Inhibitors Compares The Safe Operating Range For a Treated versus Untreated Water Calcite Saturation Level 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 Saturation Level 1e dildOuHd ONI LvHaido 8 63 8 80 D Na or F T French Creek Software Treated vs Untreated Profile Examples UNTREATED The RED color code indicates potential trouble Chooset he Treated or Untreated color coding optionf rom theO ptions Calcite Saturation Level Pop upM enu 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 Saturation Level sojoAo QQ 7 1e J ildOuHd 3 ONvu ONILS H3dO French Creek Softwar Treated vs Untreated Profile Examples The BLUE color code indicates a safe zone for operation TREATED WITH HEDP WatSim Models amp Predicts Metal Solubility Lead Zinc and Copper Maximum Lead Solubility ug L Pb mg L Cu WatSim Models amp Predi
121. oose Graphs menu can be run at any time from the main menu or when appropriate using the ALT and G hot key combo Q40 At pH Target At D I C Target At Langelier Index Target Select Parameters REPCRTS MODELS LABORATORY PREFERENCES FILES INPUT CHEMISTRY WHAT IF New Water Analysis TEMPERATURE IMPACT Open File Input pH Curve Vary Temperature Save File Graph vs Temperature Save File As pHIMPACT Printer Setup Vary pH What s Stored Graph vs pH About WatSim TEMPERATURE pH IMPACT QUIT 3D Profile CHEMISTRY AT TARGET HELP Technical Manual Program Usage Print Temperature Impact TREATMENTS Input Lab Data Choose Graphs Print pH Impact Select Product EDT CORRELATION Print At pH Target CORRCSIONRATES Edit Coefficients Print Mode Print At D I C Target Select Metal Browse Correlations 3D Graph Types Print At Langelier Index Target CREATE PRODUCT Browse Inhibitors C03 Calc s Print At Ryznar Index Target Input Product DISPLAY PRINT OPTIONS Output Size On Screen Output Windows To Display lons To Print Scales To Print INPUT UNITS SELECTION PURPOSE The Input Units module in the PREFERENCES pull down menu allows you to select the units of measure for the cooling tower or water analyses input to WatSim Water chemistry units are mg l by default The units ppm parts per million as the ion or ppm as CaCO3 or epm equivalents per million as the
122. ordance with its accompanying documentation Prior releases of the System will be supported for three 3 months after a new release becomes available to Customer 65 Support services under maintenance include telephone consultation and other reasonable services necessary to keep the System as supplied by French Creek performing in accordance with its documentation These services will be performed during French Creek s normal East Coast US business hours Ordinarily French Creek will be able to correct the problem over the telephone However if requested by French Creek Customer will document the circumstances giving rise to such problem and provide such explanation to French Creek in writing If French Creek is unable to correct the problem within 48 business hours of receipt of such written explanation and such problem prevents normal operation of the System consistent with its documentation French Creek will provide Customer with another copy of the System to help resolve the problem If it is determined that the problem was caused by Customer or that Customer failed to properly follow French Creek s directions French Creek shall be entitled to be reimbursed for all out of pocket expenses plus consulting time at French Creek s then current billing rates If Customer declines maintenance at time of licensing or fails to continue maintenance services and then elects to begin or resume maintenance coverage Customer shall pay to French Creek a
123. ory version Note the Laboratory version can perform any function done by the Engineer s or Formulator Versions 18 WatSim Files The WatSim series uses three 3 file types in addition to those generated by the original WatSim program The original files included the SIM work files and the PCX graphic output files The series adds the PRD product information file the INH inhibitor correlation file and the COR laboratory data for correlation file Original WatSim Files SIM workspace files store water analysis entered into WatSim units information What if parameters and any indices which were calculated prior to being stored in SIM file format SIM files are WatSim work files which allow you to stop work save what you have completed and return at another time A SIM file returns the WatSim program analysis and values to the same condition they were when the file was saved PCX files are a standard graphic format used to store pictures on the screen for transfer to other programs WatSim creates a type 5 PCX file with all color palette information stored as well as the graphic information BMP files are a standard windows graphic format BMP bitmap files store the same einformation as PCX files but tend to be significantly larger TIF files are a third graphic format used to store pictures on the screen for transfer to other programs Printouts can also be exported as Microsoft WORD compatible Ric
124. r Index Target Print At Ryznar Index Target TREATMENTS Select Product CORRCBICN RATES Select Metal CREATE PRCDUCT Input Product PREFERENCES HELP EDIT CORRELATION Edit Coefficients Browse Correlations Browse Inhibitors TEMPERATURE pH IMPACT 3D Profile CHEMISTRY AT TARGET At pH Target At D I C Target At Langelier Index Target Select Parameters Choose Graphs Input Units Print Mode 3D Graph Types Calc s DISPLAY PRINT OPTIONS Output Size On Screen Output Windows To Display lons To Print Scales To Print Technical Manual Program Usage PRINT At pH Target SELECTION PURPOSE The Print At pH Impact module in the REPORTS pull down menu outputs the table generated in the pH Target module and the input analysis to the currently selected printer WHEN SHOULD IT BE USED Use the Print module whenever a hard copy of the water source and the outputs at the pH Target is desired PREREQUISITES The Target pH module must be run prior to the Print module WatSim Quick Reference Section Q29 INPUT CHEMISTRY WHAT IF New Water Analysis TEMPERATURE IMPACT Print Temperature Impact TREATMENTS Choose Graphs Technical Manual Open File Input pH Curve Vary Temperature Print pH Impact Select Product EDIT CORRELATION Input Units Program Usage Save File Graph vs Temperature Print At pH Target CO
125. rce Water Deposition Potential Window Display Water Analysis versus Temperature Window Display Water Deposition Potential versus Temperature Window After Vary pH Display Source Water Analysis Window Display Source Water Deposition Potential Window Display Water Analysis versus pH Window Display Water Deposition Potential versus pH Window Cancel It is recommended that new users set all windows to display They can be deactivated and reactivated as desired using these forms 27 CHOOSING DATA TO PRINT You can also determine what analytical values and indices will be included in printouts by activating or deactivating individual items in the Choose Ions To Print and Choose Scales To Print forms which can be accessed from the Preferences menu Select Chemistry Ite ES Deposition Indicators Calcium Chloride Saturation Levels Momentary Excess Magnesium Sulfate Calcite Sodium Acidity or C02 f Aragonite Potassium M Alkalinity or s Calcium oxalate Oe Anhydrite Ammonia P Alkalinity or CO3 Gypsun Aluminum Oxalate EIOS Zinc C Cyanide Tricalcium phosphate Iron Silica Hydroxyapatite Ca polyphosphate Trizinc phosphate Amorphous Silica Brucite Magnesium Silicate Magnesium Silicate lron hydroxide lron hydroxide Strengite Strengite Siderite Siderite Calcite Aragonite Calcium oxalate Anhydrite Gypsun Fluorite Tricalcium phosphate Hydroxyapatite Ca po
126. re difficult aspects of computer modeling WatSim provides three options chosen from the SELECT PARAMETERS menu form e The DEFAULT curve is a pH Alkalinity curve which is used by several of the major water treatment companies for predicting pH from alkalinity e The USER DEFINED curve uses data input in the INPUT pH ALKALINITY module to predict pH from alkalinity e The Caplan curve is similar to the default curve It is derived from a paper published by Gary Caplan at Corrosion 90 NACE e The Translate Source Water option is based upon a modified Lawrence Caldwell method more commonly applied to pH prediction of softened or mixed waters Report Options Choosing What Output Windows To Display and When Several options are available for displaying and printing table and graphs from WatSim The output windows which will display can be selected from the Choose Windows To Display module in the Preferences menu See the Getting Started section of the manual for an example Choosing What Scale Indices and Ions To Display A report can become cluttered and information sometimes overlooked in an extremely detailed report WatSim options allow you to choose the ions to include in reports copied to the Windows Clipboard or printed WatSim options also allow you to choose the indicators of scale to include in reports copied to the Windows Clipboard or printed Reports can be customized for example to exclude all Momentary Excess indices Re
127. rget At Langelier Index Target Select Parameters VARY TEMPERATURE SELECTION PURPOSE The Vary Temperature module in the WHAT IF SCENARIOS pulldown menu models the impact of temperature upon WatSim indicators of scale and corrosivity potential Temperature trends are presented as tables VARY TEMPERATURE and in graphical form GRAPH TEMPERATURE WHEN SHOULD IT BE USED Select Vary Temperature to evaluate the indicators of scale and corrosivity potential over the expected operating temperature range for the cooling system Include the minimum and maximum expected temperatures to assure for example that both the salts whose solubility decreases with temperature and those whose solubility increase with temperature are modeled under their harshest expected conditions WHAT DOES IT DO The Vary Temperature module evaluates the water chemistry at seven 7 temperatures evenly spaced from the minimum temperature you selected to the maximum Default values are a 70 F minimum and 130 F maximum Profiles are calculated at the Typical pH entered A popup menu for selecting display and output options is displayed across the top of the window Tables can be grabbed and moved by holding down the left mouse button while the cursor is in the window and dragging Up and Down arrow keys can also be used to move the table windows PREREQUISITES There are no prerequisites for the Vary Temperature module other than the input of SOURCE WATER chemistry WatSim
128. ricalcium phosphate saturation level calculations are a fifth order affair As a consequence small changes in free phosphate concentration or even smaller changes in calcium concentration have a dramatic impact on the calculated saturation level For this reason high saturation levels on the order of 100 000 or above can be observed in waters treated for calcium phosphate scale control The authors experience is as follows Beware when a system is supersaturated with tricalcium phosphate A tricalcium phosphate saturation level below 100 is easily treated Most inhibitor treatments can prevent scale formation even if not specifically directed towards tricalcium phosphate pH decrease can decrease tricalcium phosphate saturation level to an acceptable level pH reduction and or a tricalcium phosphate specific treatment program is recommended when tricalcium phosphate saturation level rises above the 100 to 1000 range 13 hydroxylapatite Hydroxylapatite saturation level calculations are a ninth order affair even higher than that of tricalcium phosphate As a consequence small changes in free phosphate concentration or even smaller changes in calcium concentration have a dramatic impact on the calculated saturation level For this reason high saturation levels on the order of 100 000 or above can be observed in waters treated for calcium phosphate scale control Saturation level guidelines are similar to those for tricalcium phosphate al
129. rinters The graphs can be printed copied to the clipboard for pasting in another program exported as color or grey scale PCX BMP or TIF files from the menu bar at the top of a displayed graph Products can be changed from the menu bar selection and the graph will update automatically as required PREREQUISITES There are no prerequisites for the Vary Temperature module other than the input of a Source Water The module will ask you to select graphs from a scrolling vertical menu if none are selected You can change the graph selection using the Choose Graphs option from the PREFERENCES pulldown menu or from the Choose Graph Menu in the menu bar WatSim Quick Reference Section 015 OUTPUT PROPERTIES CHOOSE GRAPH NEW TREATMENT NEW METALLURGY CHANGE RANGE Langelier Saturation Index et e EN o o En Temperature WatSim Quick Reference Section Q16 INPUT CHEMISTRY WHAT IF New Water Analysis TEMPERATURE IMPACT Print Temperature Impact TREATMENTS Input Lab Data Choose Graphs Technical Manual Open File Input pH Curve Vary Temperature Print pH Impact Select Product EDIT CORRELATION Input Units Program Usage Save File Graph vs Temperature Print At pH Target CORRCSIONRATES Edit Coefficients Print Mode Save File As pHIMPACT Print At D I C Target Select Metal Browse Correlations 3D Graph Types Printer Setup Print At Langelier Ind
130. roduct for which dosages will be calculated by the WHAT IF SCENARIO modules WHEN SHOULD IT BE USED Use the Select Product module to select a product for calculations or switch between products for calculations WHAT DOES IT DO The module loads a product file including the mathematical correlations for the product which are used to calculate dosages from WatSim indices and operating parameters PREREQUISITES A product file PRD must be in the WATER INHIB sub directory before it can be selected Product files are created in the Input Product module of the FORMULARY pull down menu in the WatSim Product Manager or Laboratory Editions Q33 INPUT CHEMISTRY WHAT IF New Water Analysis TEMPERATURE IMPACT Print Temperature Impact TREATMENTS Input Lab Data Choose Graphs Technical Manual Open File Input pH Curve Vary Temperature Print pH Impact Select Product EDIT CORRELATION Input Units Program Usage Save File Graph vs Temperature Print At pH Target CORROSIONRATES Edit Coefficients Print Mode Save File As pH IMPACT Print At D I C Target Browse Correlations 3D Graph Types Printer Setup Vary pH Print At Langelier Index Target CREATE PRODUCT Browse Inhibitors C03 Calc s What s Stored Graph vs pH Print At Ryznar Index Target Input Product DISPLAY PRINT OPTIONS About WatSim TEMPERATURE IMPACT Output Size On Screen QUIT 3D Profile Output Windows To Display CHEMISTRY AT TARCET lons To Print At pH Target Sc
131. s Graph after completing the correlation to see the graphs of predicted versus observed dosages and graphs of error versus versus the independent parameters 4 The Options Menu Bar allows correlation graphs to be saved as a PCX TIF or BMP file 5 Always enter at least 5 valid analysis 57 DEVELOPING LABORATORY DATA A common question from WatSim users is What should I use for an experimental design French Creek Software recommends that the experimental designs for developing mathematical models for inhibitors include FIVE TEMPERATURES PREFERRED Data should be run at a minimum of three temperatures to account for variation in dosage due to the effect of temperature on reaction rate When possible an experimental design should include five temperatures The temperature range studied should include the lowest and highest temperatures expected in the field or where the models generated by WatSim Rx THREE TO FIVE pH POINTS PREFERRED Data should be run at a minimum of three different pH to account for variation in dosage due to the effect of pH on the form in which the inhibitor exists see Hann and Bardsley When possible an experimental design should include five pH points The pH range studied should include the lowest and highest expected in the field THREE TO FIVE INDUCTION PERIODS PREFERRED Data should be run at a minimum of three different times to allow for the correlation of induction time versus inhibitor dosage In som
132. sage SOURCE WATER DEPOSITION POTENTIAL INDICATORS AT D I C TARGET 04 21 2003 Sampled 04 21 2003 at 2040 BOUND IONS Total Free 0 06 Calcium 42 9 38 0 0 05 Carbonate 0 1 0 0 0 03 Phosphate 0 6 0 0 0 03 0 00 0 12 0 00 FREE ION MOMENTARY 0 00 Calcite 0 08 Aragonite 0 00 Anhydrite 0 00 Gypsum 0 00 Calcium phosphate 0 00 0 74 Calcium polyPO4 0 00 0 06 Zinc phosphate 0 01 0 44 Hydroxyapatite 450 30 Silica 171 63 Fluorite 39 67 1 19 Brucite 5 66 9 13 Magnesium silicate 225 54 8 56 Ferric hydroxide 0 00 3 58 Siderite 0 13 0 46 Strengite 0 00 OPERATING CONDITIONS 11 99 Temperature 110 0 36 71 Time hrs 24 00 1 39 0 336 4 51 CoreiDRA A watsim Help On W m Q24 INPUT CHEMISTRY WHAT IF PREFERENCES New Open File Save File Save File As Printer Setup What s Stored About WatSim QUIT Water Analysis Input pH Curve SOURCE WATER ANALYSIS AT L S I TARGET OPTIONS Sample ID N CATIONS Calcium as CaCO3 Magnesium as CaCO3 Sodium as Na Potassium as Iron as Fe Ammonia as NH3 Aluminum as CaCO3 Zinc as Zn Boron as B PARAMETERS pH Temperature Calculated Carbon Dioxide Caustic Soda Report Date TEMPERATURE IMPACT Vary Temperature Graph vs Temperature pHIMPACT Vary pH Graph vs pH Print Temperature Impact Print pH Impact Print At pH Target Print At D I C Target Print At Langelier Index Target
133. sp The solution becomes more complex for tricalcium phosphate Ca 3X PO 2X Ksp The index provides a quantitative indicator of scale potential and has been used to correlate scale formation in a kinetic model 12 The index does not account for two critical factors The pH will change in some cases as precipitate forms by the precipitation of alkalinity contributors such as carbonate or phosphate Secondly the index does not account for changes in driving force as the reactant levels decrease due to precipitation WatSim includes Momentary Excess precipitation to equilibrium as a final indicator of scale potential for the scalants covered by the computer program WatSim expresses the precipitation to equilibrium in parts per million Momentary Excess does not represent a quantitative assessment of the amount of a fouling which will precipitate It is an indicator of the capacity of a water to scale and can be compared 11 to the buffer capacity of a water The calculation method is covered in more detail in the literature 12 INTERPRETING WatSim INDICES Scale Potential As Indicated By Saturation Level but one of the indices discussed in this section describe the tendency of a water to form or dissolve a particular scale These indices are derived from the concept of saturation For example saturation level for any of the scalants discussed is described as the ratio of a compounds observed ion activity product
134. tered 3 Ca 2 PO4 Cas PO4 Saturation level A higher order of reaction 15 also encountered for calcium fluoride Fluorite Ca 2 CaF Saturation level Ca F Ksp and magnesium hydroxide Brucite Mg 2 OH Mg OH Saturation level Mg OH Ksp The method used for estimating activity coefficients is a major target of criticism for most indices WatSim uses the mean salt activities for estimating ion activity coefficients based upon temperature and ionic strength The method is well covered in reference Truesdell and Jones 7 The use of ion pairing expands the usefulness of WatSim calculated saturation levels The simple indices previously described are based upon saturation levels calculated using the total ions present For example calcium carbonate indices such as the Langelier saturation index assume that all calcium is present as free calcium ions and that all carbonate is present as the unbound ion In actual waters the reactive species are present in many forms Not all of the ion measured analytically is available to react For example calcium can be bound with hydroxide sulfate carbonate and bicarbonate and unavailable for other reactions This binding or reduced availability of the reactants decreases the effective ion activity product for a saturation level calculation WatSim uses an ion association model to estimate the available or free ions present in th
135. th a minimum of change Make sure of your measurements A slight error in pH could mean that you are really operating in a RED zone The system is borderline and should be watched GREEN No problems are likely Significant changes e g a 0 1 pH increase a 10 increase could result in a problem BLUE Blue signifies a safe operating range where deposition from the scale evaluated would not be expected Blue is also used to signify a successful treatment in TREATED SYSTEM PROFILES Dosage Profiles RED Red signifies a definite problem prediction The treatment will not work regardless of dosage level The system is out of range e g too high a saturation level for the treatment selected MAGENTA Magenta purple signifies that a problem is approaching or highly likely In the case of calcium carbonate inhibitors MAGENTA signifies that the system is within ten 10 percent of the limit for the inhibitor e g 135 calcite saturation level to 149 calcite saturation level for an inhibitor that fails at 150 or above In the case of blended orthophosphate copolymer products MAGENTA signifies that insufficient polymer is present for calcium phosphate scale control when the product is dosed at the level required for adequate corrosion protection The corrective action is to increase the ratio of copolymer to phosphate BLUE Blue signifies a safe operating range where the treatment will prevent deposition of the scale evaluated
136. the base 10 logarithm of calcite saturation level The Langelier saturation level approaches the concept of saturation using pH as a master variable 1 The Langelier saturation index can be interpreted as the pH change required to bring a water to equilibrium A water with a Langelier saturation index of 1 0 is one pH unit above saturation Reducing the pH by 1 unit will bring the water into equilibrium This occurs because the portion of total alkalinity present as CO the bad actor decreases as the pH decreases A pH decrease of 1 unit will decrease the CO concentration of the water about ten fold This impacts saturation level directly by also decreasing the ion activity product tenfold Soa 1 pH unit decrease will decrease the Langelier saturation index by 1 unit A 1 pH unit decrease will also decrease the saturation level AP K ten fold A negative Langelier saturation index indicates that a water is under saturated with respect to calcium carbonate calcite If the LSI is 1 0 raising the pH of the water 1 unit will increase the calcium carbonate calcite saturation level to equilibrium The 1 pH unit increase does this by increasing the CO portion of the carbonate alkalinity present ten fold The calcite saturation level increases accordingly ten times The Langelier saturation index is probably the most widely used indicator of water scale potential It is purely an equilibrium index and deals only with the driving force for calcium
137. the functions of the other programs in the series Mathematical model templates are available for common inhibitors types Laboratory and or field data can be entered in forms almost identical to the regular WatSim chemistry input forms 17 Additional fields in the Laboratory version are time and dosage Mathematical models for an inhibitor are developed by the program using multiple regression The correlations models developed are output in the form of inhibitor INH files The goodness of fit for the data can be presented in table and graphical format The WatSim Laboratory and Formulator s Editions are shipped with inhibitor files for common materials such as zinc polyphosphate and orthophosphate Industrial inhibitors such as AMP HEDP PBTC and PAA are also available Inhibitor files are also available for calcium sulfate control agents calcium phosphate control corrosion inhibitors and modeling corrosion rates on mild steel Additional files are available from inhibitor s manufacturers The WatSim Laboratory Edition includes the raw data for AA AMPS as published by Calgon in a NACE paper Correlations can be developed for dosages versus any of the WatSim indices any of the data input and some internal calculated values such as buffer capacity DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE PROGRAMS The WatSim series adds one or two pull down menus to the main WatSim menu The Engineer s Edition has one selection on the additional menu FORMULARY
138. though a significantly higher hydroxylapatite saturation level can be carried in the presence of a copolymer terpolymer or other calcium phosphate scale control agents Iron carbonate Siderite the mineral name for iron carbonate is usually found in conjunction with calcium carbonate scale Iron carbonate scale can be expected when the saturation level exceeds 1 2 Amorphous iron hydroxide Iron hydroxide precipitation can be expected in water when the saturation level exceeds 1 0 a very common situation when iron is present Iron may precipitate in the bulk water as iron hydroxide but not form scale in high flow rate systems Remedial action such as a dispersant should be taken in systems with high iron hydroxide saturation levels Note that iron hydroxide momentary excess values reported will almost always be negligible This ids due to the high order of the reaction Rely upon the saturation level for deposition prediction and ignore the momentary excess in most cases Iron phosphate Strengite the iron phosphate mineral modeled by WatSim should be considered a problem when the saturation level exceeds 1 0 Momentary excess for this scale former will be negligible in most cases due to the low level of free phosphate typically available Rely upon the saturation level for prediction of iron phosphate scale CaCO Scale amp Corrosion Potential As Inferred From Simple Indices The Langelier Saturation Index Ryznar Stability Index
139. tification Code submit the actual System ID displayed on your computer to French Creek to receive your computer installation specific Program Release Code R THE PROGRAM RELEASE CODE Example A System 209A FR8C amp DOE 6F7G 21 CJ2K 4L ID specific to your DOTIBUS Contact French Creek Software to obtain the installation will be Program ete vstem PPM identico e WE be the actual ID ot displayed on Copy ID p te to YOUR computer another program Enter the Program Release Code in the field below Cap 1 Cod is Enter Program Release Code Here Calculated from System ID by French Creek TO OBTAIN A COMPUTER SPECIFIC PROGRAM RELEASE CODE 1 Copy the 26 character System Identification Code This System Identification will be displayed when you run the software until a Program Release Code is entered Each system will have a unique System Identification Code YOU MUST SUBMIT THE SYSTEM ID DISPLAYED ON YOUR COMPUTER NOT THE ID IN THIS MANUAL 2 Send this code to French Creek Software BY FAX TO 610 935 1008 BY E MAIL TO frenchcreek worldnet att net preferred method BY VOICE TO 610 935 8337 3 French Creek will respond with a System Release Code HELPFUL HINTS Press the COPY ID CODE button to copy the System Identification Number to the Windows clipboard Start an application such as a Word Processor or E Mail program Paste the System Identification Number into the application
140. tive work is not intended to refer to any interfaces or other methods of access to the System 5 WARRANTY For a period of thirty days following Customer s receipt of the System French Creek warrants that Customer shall have the right to return the System and to receive a full refund of related license and initial maintenance fees exclusive of travel living and out of pocket expenses if the System fails to operate substantially in accordance with the System documentation EXCEPT AS OTHERWISE STATED HEREIN FRENCH CREEK MAKES NO REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY EXPRESS IMPLIED OR STATUTORY CONCERNING THE SYSTEM OR SERVICES PROVIDED HEREUNDER FRENCH CREEK SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE FOR SUCH SYSTEM OR SERVICE CUSTOMER UNDERSTANDS AND AGREES THAT THE SYSTEM IS LICENSED STRICTLY ON AN AS IS BASIS The terms and conditions of this section shall survive any termination of this Agreement 6 INDEMNITY French Creek warrants that it has all necessary rights to license the System to Customer French Creek agrees to indemnify defend and hold Customer harmless for breach of such warranty provided that Customer gives French Creek prompt notice of a claim alleging such breach and provided further that French Creek shall have full authority to defend settle or compromise such claim If the use of the System provided hereunder is prohibited based on a claim of infrin
141. turation level Langelier Saturation Index Ryznar Stability Index and Puckorius practical Scaling Index The graphs are prepared using the profile modules which are unique to the system type and are discussed separately in the following sections WHAT IF Three scenario types can be run for once through systems The scenarios calculate the indicators of scale potential and corrosivity versus pH temperature or both The modules are called VARY TEMPERATURE VARY pH and 3D PROFILE for these scenarios WatSim What if Scenarios pH Selection Low pH High pH s Evaluation pH ps Temperature Selection Low Temp 70 High Temp 120 Evaluation Temp pH Control Method Alkalies Targets Acids Caustic soda NaOH 98 280 Caustic potash KOH Soda ash 2 03 aj Sodium bicarbonate NaHCO3 LSLTaget o2 Lime Ca OH 2 coe Limestone CaCQ3 hg DLC Target NONE NON 35x HCl 53X HNO3 pH Prediction Method C Default Curve Translate Source pH Caplan Curve 34 When you enter any of these modules a menu pops up requesting information on the minimum and maximum pH for the scenario calculations and on the minimum and maximum temperature for the calculations The typical pH is the pH which will be used for 2D plots which VARY TEMPERATURE The typical temp is the temperature which will be used for 2D plots which VARY pH When the 3D PROFILE
142. uite remember the name of a file in which you saved some critical work or when you are about to perform housekeeping by deleting old never to be used again files and aren t sure What s Stored WHAT DOES IT DO The What s Stored module displays the names of all WatSim files sim which were previously saved using the Save module Filenames are displayed in a scrolling vertical menu for selection The What s Stored module opens each file selected and quickly displays descriptive information about the file Q7 FILES New Open File Save File Save File As Printer Setup What s Stored About WatSim INPUT CHEMISTRY Water Analysis Input pH Curve QUIT WHAT IF TEMPERATURE IMPACT Vary Temperature Graph vs Temperature pHIMPACT Vary pH Graph vs pH TEMPERATURE pH IMPACT 3D Profile CHEMISTRY AT TARGET At pH Target At D I C Target At Langelier Index Target Select Parameters WatSim Quick Reference Section About WatSim Trench Creek Copyright 1992 1996 French Creek Software all rights reserved This copy of WatSim is Registered to FRENCH CREEK SOFTWARE 1298 HARES HILL ROAD PO Box 684 KIMBERTON PA 19442 0684 U S A Serial 031 7 400 Version 3 00 12 Mar 2002 Output Size On Screen Output Windows To Display lons To Print Scales To Print Technical Manual Program Usage REPCRTS MOCELS Print Temperature Impact TREATMENTS
143. ult curve an dtrnslate the intercept to your pH alkalinity point More accurate than the default curve PREREQUISITES There are no prerequisites for the Input pH Curve module WatSim Quick Reference Section Q11 Input pH Alkalinity Relationship ES M Alkalinity amp ctual pH Predicted pH M Alkalinity Actual pH Predicted pH 1 20 6 5 5 495 6 0 o fa 2 80 7 4 418 7 0 o jo pH Alkalinity Profile a ab M p jf p wp p Graph Help Total Alkalinity WatSim Quick Reference Section Q12 INPUT CHEMISTRY WHAT IF New Water Analysis TEMPERATURE IMPACT Print Temperature Impact TREATMENTS Input Lab Data Choose Graphs Technical Manual Open File Input pH Curve Vary Temperature Print pH Impact Select Product EDIT CORRELATION Input Units Program Usage Save File Graph vs Temperature Print At pH Target CORRCSIONRATES Edit Coefficients Print Mode Save File As pHIMPACT Print At D I C Target Select Metal Browse Correlations 3D Graph Types Printer Setup Vary pH Print At Langelier Index Target CREATE PRODUCT Browse Inhibitors C03 Calc s What s Stored Graph vs pH Print At Ryznar Index Target Input Product DISPLAY PRINT OPTIONS About WatSim TEMPERATURE pH IMPACT Output Size On Screen QUIT 3D Profile Output Windows To Display CHEMISTRY AT TARCET lons To Print At pH Target Scales To Print At D I C Ta
144. vs Temperature pH IMPACT Vary pH Graph vs pH REPORTS Print Temperature Impact Print pH Impact Print At pH Target Print At D I C Target Print At Langelier Index Target Print At Ryznar Index Target MODELS LABORATORY TREATMENTS Input Lab Data Choose Graphs Technical Manual Select Product EDIT CORRELATION Input Units Program Usage CORROSIONRATES Edit Coefficients Print Mode Select Metal Browse Correlations 3D Graph Types CREATE PRODUCT Browse Inhibitors C03 Calc s Input Product DISPLAY PRINT OPTIONS 3D Profile At pH Target At D I C Target At Langelier Index Target Select Parameters Select Chemistry Ite Calcium Magnesium D Sodium Potassium Ammonia Aluminum Zinc gt Iron Ol Boron Dosage Calculated T D S Corrosion Rate WatSim Quick Reference Section SELECT ALL Chloride Sulfate 99 M Alkalinity Oxalate Cyanide Oo 1 Silica Sulfide Phosphate Pyrophosphate 23393 Fluoride Nitrate Acidity or C02 HCO3 Alkalinity Cancel Output Size On Screen Output Windows To Displa lons To Print Scales To Print CHOOSE IONS TO PRINT SELECTION PURPOSE WaterCycle printouts include all ions input with a make up or source water analysis This module allows you to limit the ions printed Ions selecte
145. will update automatically as required PREREQUISITES There are no prerequisites for the Vary pH module other than the INPUT SOURCE WATER chemistry The module will ask you to select graphs from a scrolling vertical menu if none are selected You can change the graph selection using the Select Graphs option from the PREFERENCES pulldown menu or from the Choose Graphs option on the menu bar at the top of a displayed graph WatSim Quick Reference Section 019 OUTPUT PROPERTIES CHOOSE GRAPH NEW TREATMENT NEW METALLURGY CHANGE RANGE Calcite Saturation Level Je 00 gt c o WatSim Quick Reference Section Q20 INPUT CHEMISTRY WHAT IF New Water Analysis TEMPERATURE IMPACT Print Temperature Impact TREATMENTS Input Lab Data Choose Graphs Technical Manual Open File Input pH Curve Vary Temperature Print pH Impact Select Product EDIT CORRELATION Input Units Program Usage Save File Graph vs Temperature Print At pH Target CORRCSIONRATES Edit Coefficients Print Mode Save File As pHIMPACT Print At D I C Target Select Metal Browse Correlations 3D Graph Types Printer Setup Vary pH Print At Langelier Index Target CREATE PRODUCT Browse Inhibitors C03 Calc s What s Stored Graph vs pH Print At Ryznar Index Target Input Product DISPLAY PRINT OPTIONS About WatSim TEMPERATURE pH IMPACT Output Size On Screen QUIT 3D Profile Output Windows To Display CHEMISTRY AT
146. would enter 20 on a manufacturing batch sheet for the material on an as is basis Enter 10 on the WatSim formulation sheet for the material on an active basis WatSim will total the active ingredients and balance the formula with water Pressing the OK button saves the formulation and inhibitor information in the product PRD file named in the File Name field Copies of this file can be distributed to users of the WatSim Engineer Edition program NOTE Inhibitors should be re loaded into a formulation sheet when an inhibitor file is updated Product files load a copy of the inhibitor file when they are created They DO NOT automatically re load a new file when the inhibitor data is updated The module accepts input data for a product file loads the mathematical correlations for the individual inhibitors in the formulation and outputs the new or updated product file An inhibitor file INH must be in the WATER INHIB sub directory for each inhibitor which is an active ingredient Inhibitor files are created in the Input Lab Data module of the LABORATORY pull down menu in the WatSim Laboratory Editions They can be created from in house laboratory and or field data or obtained from raw material suppliers who use the WatSim series as a technical support tool The ENCRYPTION option allows product files to be encrypted as a precaution against prying 49 DOSAGE MODULATION The section describes the basis for the models use

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