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1. project explains how the user can interact with the developed system The manual also includes explanation what each individual file the source code of the project is intended to do This phase of the project deals with identifying the components that make up the system and determining the interdependencies among them The selection of software and programming language required to program the microcontroller were dependent on the microcontroller chosen The following subsections list out the selected hardware components and software with a brief explanation as to why they were opted Conclusion This paper describes experiments and research activities in a microcontroller laboratory The paper also describes a recently completed graduate research project that uses the laboratory instruments and equipment This prototype demonstrates the practicality and usefulness of taking a NTSC video signal and overlaying it over physical parameters acquired via a 8051 microcontroller Acknowledgement This project is partially supported by NASA award NCC5 517 NSF MII award 0330822NSF and the NASA Administrator Fellowship Program References 1 Stephen C Petersen Alexandra Carey Richard Hughey David Meek Assembly Language Curriculum Realignment in Computer Engineering at UCSC Proceedings of the 2002 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference amp Exposition Session 2632 June 16 19 2002 Montr al Quebec Canada 22. AC 2008 283 EXPERIMENTS AND RESEARCH ACTIVITIES IN A MICROCONTROLLER LABORATORY Rafic Bachnak Texas A amp M International University Dr Bachnak is Professor of Systems Engineering at Texas A amp M International University He received his B S M S and Ph D degrees in Electrical and Computer Engineering from Ohio University in 1983 1984 and 1989 respectively Prior to joining TAMIU in 2007 Dr Bachnak was on the faculty of Texas A amp M Corpus Christi Northwestern State University and Franklin University His experience includes several fellowships with NASA and the US Navy Laboratories and summer employment with Koch Industries Dr Bachnak is a registered Professional Engineer in the State of Texas a senior member of IEEE and ISA and a member of ASEE He is currently the Vice Chair of the Instrumentation Division of ASEE Ramya Chakinarapu Texas A amp M Corpus Christi Ramya Chakinarapu received her MS degree in Computer Science from Texas A amp M University Corpus Christi in December 2006 Ramya s interest includes programming languages and microprocessor systems Ramya is currently employed by Avenir Associates Inc Piscataway NJ American Society for Engineering Education 2008 L S6S E4 ebed Experiments and Research Activities in a Microcontroller Laboratory Abstract This paper describes the activities in a microcontroller laboratory where students learn programming microcontrollers by carrying out experiments
3. James T Streib Simplified Assembly Language Programming The Journal of Computing in Small Colleges Volume 16 Number 1 November 2000 3 Craig Zilles SPIMbot An Engaging Problembased Approach to Teaching Assembly Language Programming SIGCSE 05 St Louis Missouri USA February 23 27 2005 4 R Bachnak D Kar and H Shaalan Digital Systems Laboratory for Teaching and Research Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the American Society for Engineering Education CD ROM Session 1520 Salt Lake City Utah June 2004 5 R Bachnak Teaching Microcontrollers with Hands on Hardware Experiments Journal of Computing Sciences in Colleges Vol 20 No 4 April 2005 pp 207 213 6 C504 Starter Kit Version 1 0 11 96 Siemens AG Bereich Halbleiter Marketing Kommunikation Balanstrape 73 81541 M nchen 1996 7 C504 8 bit CMOS Microcontroller User s Manual 06 96 Siemens AG Bereich Halbleiter Marketing Kommunikation Balanstrape 73 81541 M nchen 1996 8 Keil Software Inc A51 Assembly and C51 Complier in Topical Indexes August 2001 http www keil com support topics htm 9 The 8051 Microcontroller 3 Edition Kenneth Ayala Thomson Delmar Learning 2005 9 G6G e ebeg
4. ce ports of the 8051 chip by configuring ports as input or output and observing data as it is inputted or outputted The exercise involves downloading the code to the 8051 board building a circuit on a breadboard and experimenting with data input and output Students use an inverter chip resistors and LEDs The input is simulated through the use of a DIP switch while the output is simulated by using LEDs Exercise 7 The exercise involves writing a program that monitors the first six pins of portl by connecting LEDs to each pin Then each pin is set high in a sequence and once all the pins are on high it goes clearing each pin in sequence making them off again This sequence continues indefinitely In order for a human eye to visualize the effect LED ON and OFF some delay has to be introduced after each possible instruction in the program This is done using one of the timers timer 0 in mode 1 to create a delay Students construct a circuit on a breadboard and use LEDs to illustrate the proper operation Exercise 8 The purpose of this exercise is to illustrate the applications of interrupts Students write a program that consists of an input and output operations A low activated external hardware interrupt o INTO is programmed such that it normally receives a high When a low is applied to that pin causing an interrupt to occur a buzzer is made to emit sound This is simulated by connecting INTO pin to a SPDT SW2 switch and a buzzer to pi
5. ications of lst file which is result of the translation or assembly of the project code the first step of build process Students also get familiar with some assembler directives such as DB and EQU Exercise 3 This exercise introduces looping and control transfer The exercise allows students to experiment with modular programming by constructing and using a delay routine The exercise also familiarizes students with the CALL instruction conditional and unconditional jump instructions and the proper use of the stack Exercise 5 This exercise familiarizes students with the 8051 addressing modes The program consists of a procedure that moves a string stored at a specific address into memory starting at another specific memory location Students monitor execution results by viewing RAM and ROM memory windows The program also illustrates the importance of RET statement that transfers the control back to the main program G6G E obed Exercise 6 The exercise involves writing a program to solve an equation that calculates the position of an object from free fall given the initial position and time of travel Constant definition and memory allocation for variables and result is used The equation applies all the arithmetic instructions available in the 8051 Exercises that Include Hardware Exercise 4 This exercise involves working with the microcontroller board and the bread board apart from coding Students start working with the interfa
6. n 5 of port 1 The input and output operations are simulated using DIP switches and LEDs respectively The interrupt is caused by a switch that sounds a buzzer Students build the circuit and experiment to verify the proper operation Exercise 9 This exercise involves creating and executing a program to understand the Analog to Digital Interfacing capabilities of the C504 Microcontroller Students explore the A D conversion capability of the Infineon C504 This microcontroller has an on board 10 bit analog to digital converter The A D converter is connected to a voltage source through a potentiometer so that the input voltage can be varied from 0 to 5V The A D converter reads the input voltage and returns a discrete value that corresponds to the current voltage level LEDs are connected to the digital outputs from the microcontroller to indicate the current voltage level The program compares the voltage value against 5 discrete voltage ranges The number of LEDs that turn on depends on which of these ranges the voltage value fits in For example when the voltage is between 0 1 V all LEDs are off From 1 2V one LED turns on From 2 3V 2 LEDs are on etc The number of LEDs that are on is a representation of the amount of voltage being fed into the A D converter Since the A D converter has a 10 bit resolution the v G6S E ebeg analog input voltage ranging from 0 5V will translate to a digital range of values from 0 1023 The calculations t
7. o find the voltage per step are shown below 10 Bit Resolution 2 1 2 1 1023 steps Volts per step Yam Vain _ 57 OF 1000 7 4 som We steps 1023 step This means that each digital value or step that is output from the A D converter represents 4 89mV Knowing the amount of voltage that each discrete step represents one can calculate the digital value that represents a given voltage One can also find a range of discrete values to represent each voltage level The voltage ranges used for this lab are shown below 0 lt V lt 1 0 203 All LEDs OFF I1 lt V lt 2 204 409 One LED ON 2 lt V lt 3 410 612 Two LEDs ON 3 lt V lt 4 613 817 Three LEDs ON 4 lt V lt 5 819 1009 Four LEDs ON Ve 5 1010 1023 Five LEDs ON The circuit used to test the program is shown in Fig 1 A 10K potentiometer is used to vary the input voltage to the A D converter from 0 to 5 Volts It is connected between VCC and ground with the wiper connected to the A D input on port P3 2 pin 34 of the C504 The reference voltage VAREF is also connected to VCC The ground reference VAGND is connected to the common ground An inverting buffer and 330 Q resistor are connected between each LED and port 1 of the C504 This is needed because the C504 cannot source the current to drive the LEDs on its own As the potentiometer is adjusted from its minimum to maximum the LEDs light up indicating the range of applied voltage to the A D inp
8. rlaying text data on the native video images The text overlaid constitutes three user parameters which include power dissipated by the display temperature value in degrees Fahrenheit and camera zoom level Signal conditioning circuits have been developed to amplify the captured data signals before feeding them to the controller This project interfaces the analog NTSC video camera with the TFT LCD display through a black box as illustrated in Figure 2 The black box allows for analog NTSC video signal capture parametric data capture overlay of the captured data and NTSC to digital conversion of the video The black box accepts two inputs the NTSC video signal coming from the CCD camera and the serial data transmitted by an 8051 and produces the final digital video signal with the text data overlaid Black Box Insertion probe with a CCD camera Digital TFT LCD Panel Figure 2 Interfacing a CCD Camera with TFT LCD Panel The black box consists of an overlay module a single board computer and LCD interface kit LCD controller board backlight inverter and key board to drive the display as shown in Fig 3 The major components of the project constitute a CCD camera with an analog NTSC video output intermediate circuitry to perform text overlay and analog to digital conversion of the signal and the LCD Liquid Crystal Display panel to observe the video with the display parameters overlaid on it It has been determined to have a mic
9. rocontroller in the interface circuit to generate the required text data an overlay module to allow for text overlay and a LCD controller to 9 G6G E ebeg control the display of the LCD panel It is necessary to generate a serial data signal as all data destined for the video overlay must be combined into a single stream of ASCH characters and commands pursuant to the overlay module control protocol Black Box Digital video signal with overlaid text NTSC Video Signal SFD064V PD064VT4 Display Camera zoom level Power Dissinated Temperature value LM34 Temperature Sensor Figure 3 System Major Components The LCD interface kit consists of three components the LCD controller driver board OSD unit key board and an inverter board The LCD controller is responsible for converting analog video signal to digital video signal and driving the signal to the display The key board has the OSD menu to allow the user control display parameters such as brightness contrast sharpness etc And the inverter board provides backlight to light up the display All these components are stacked up in a package thus providing an easy to use interface to the user The user just needs to supply the video signal to obtain a text over video signal displayed on the panel Figure 4 shows a picture of the final system Figure 4 Final System L G6S9 E1 obed The user manual included in the digital media of the
10. that provide a hands on experience with electronics hardware and instruments The paper will also provide details of a research project that involves the development of a prototype that takes in an analog National Television System Committee NTSC video signal generated by a video camera and data acquired by a microcontroller and display them in real time on a digital panel An 8051 microcontroller is used to acquire power dissipation by the display panel room temperature and camera zoom level The paper will present the major hardware components and show how they are interfaced into a functional prototype Test data results are presented and discussed Introduction Computer science and engineering curricula often include a course that covers assembly language programming A typical assembly language course includes writing programs and software simulation involving microprocessors microcontrollers or embedded systems This paper describes experiments and research activities in a laboratory that provides interdisciplinary educational and research capabilities in several science and engineering areas These areas include systems analysis and design optimization and prototyping hardware software co design re configurable architectures peripheral simulation modular design and integration timing and state analysis multi layer board applications mixed signal simulation and design system modeling and algorithm development digital design me
11. thods interfacing and the use of microcontrollers as basic building blocks in data acquisition and control applications The rest of this paper briefly describes the laboratory equipment discusses the experiments that were developed to support teaching a microcontroller course and describes a recently completed graduate research project Laboratory Equipment Computers logic analyzers development boards and software form a basic set of tools required to teach advanced digital design techniques and microprocessor based systems In addition electronic instruments such as power supplies function generators digital multimeters and oscilloscopes must be available to allow the integration of hardware and software in an environment that addresses real world applications The laboratory consists of twelve workstations and supports a class of 24 students The lab also has more than 15 microcontroller development boards from PHYTEC microMODUL 8051 Part KMM 207 C04 that has the following features and parts 12 MHz AC adapter user s manual and circuit diagram PHYTEC custom builds Single Board Computers SBCs in various sizes and configurations and provides development kits for them Z G6G E ebeg The SBC is plugged into a socket on the development board for programming and testing Once the development stage is finished the SBC can be removed from the development board and plugged into a socket or soldered to the user s hard
12. ut 57 VAGND WAREF F404 44 43 aie P1014 ns a A RET Pot3 1 2 por 25 7404 see a 24 A LED cC 504 1 2 x Port 1 23 Microcon troller 7404 330 d aa 4 Ros LED 21 7404 320 q 7 A n LED d L d 7404 330 Fig 1 Test Circuit for the 8051 A D Conversion Experiment Exercise 10 In this exercise students follow instructions to perform the following tasks a Removing the PC Power Supply b Removing the PC floppy disk drive c Removing the major components of a PC d Locating and identifying features of the G G6S E ebeg microprocessor math co processor RAM and ROM on the motherboard e Assembling the PC to its original condition Research Activities The laboratory was used recently to design and developing a Video Conversion and Data Overlay system The system takes in an analog National Television System Committee NTSC video signal coming from an analog video camera and parametric data transmitted serially by a microcontroller Data obtained is overlaid onto the NTSC video signal generating a composite video signal which is converted to digital video signal and displayed on the TFT LCD display panel In the design phase a number of hardware components were identified and interface circuits were designed to build a fully operational system As a part of the development phase an 8051 microcontroller has been programmed to allow ove
13. ware application The serial cable allows connecting the board to a PC for programming debugging and testing The software development tools include the PK51 Developer s Kit are 1 Vision3 for Windows the C51 ANSI Optimizing C Cross Compiler the A51 Macro Assembler the BL51 Linker Locator the LIB51 Library Manager the OH51 Object HEX Converter and the RTX 51 Real time Operating System The uVision2 IDE allows managing and developing projects in a cohesive windowed environment With the uVision2 integrated environment the compiling assembling and linking can be done in one step Teaching Activities The laboratory is used to teach a microprocessor and microcontroller course where students learn assembly language programming by carrying out hands on experiments by programming the 8051 microcontroller Ten exercises were developed and are described below Software Only Exercises Exercise 1 The purpose of the exercise is to introduce students to the microcontroller board and software development tools by having them build a simple project which moves a value into the registers rl and r2 using the widely used instruction mov source destination Project development includes creating the project code building the executable file and debugging it Exercise 2 The main objective of this lab is to provide students with an in depth knowledge of the build and debug process In the process students study and understand the impl
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