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Model 2000 Multimeter

1. Figure 4 5 Questionable Questionable Questionable Event Model 2000 status Condition Event Enable B Register Register Register register structure 0 _o o 1 1 2 2 3 3 Temperature Summary Temp Temp 9 remp 5 5 6 6 O 7 7 H Calibration Summary Cal Cal G 9 9 O 10 10 O 10 11 L5 eH i Error Queue 12 12 2 13 13 Oj Command Warning Warn Warn 9 Always Zero 15 k 15 9 4 Output Queue Service Status Request Byte Enable Register Register Standard Event MSB MSB Event Status 1 1 Status Enable EAV EAV Register Register OSB Q OE i ogical Operation Complete OPC OPC y LLL 3 MAV MAV OR 1 1 Hy ESB ESB Query Error QYE QYE gt RQS MSS 6 Device Specific Error DDE 9 DDE L 5 OSB OSB Execution Error EXE EXE STB SRE Command Error CME O mE 9 SRE User Request UR UR Power On ae OQ RQ togal Master Summary Status MSS 8 8 3 5 MSB Measurement Summary Bit EAV Error Available 8 8 QSB Questionable Summary Bit 11 11 MAV Message Available 12 12 ESB Event Summary Bit m i3 RQS MSS Request for Service Master Summary Staus A 3 OSB Operation Summary Bit Always Zero 15 15 Note RQS bit is in serial poll byte ESR ESE MSS bit is in STB response ESE Measurement Operation Measurement Measurement Event Operation Operation Event Condition Event Enable Condition Event Enable Re
2. Remote Operation RS 232 interface connector IEEE 488 connector esses eene IEEE 488 connections essere TEEE 488 connector location esee Model 2000 status register structure eese Standard event status sse Figure 4 7 Figure 4 8 Figure 4 9 Figure 4 10 Figure 4 11 Figure 4 12 Figure 4 13 Figure 4 14 Figure 4 15 Figure 4 16 5 Figure 5 1 Figure 5 2 Figure 5 3 Figure 5 4 Figure 5 5 Figure 5 6 Figure 5 7 Figure 5 8 Figure 5 9 Figure 5 10 E Figure E 1 Figure E 2 Figure E 3 Operation event Status esses nee 4 22 Measurement event status 4 23 Questionable event status essssssssseeeeeeenee enne 4 23 Status byte and service request SRQ 4 25 Trigger model remote operation esee 4 29 Device action trigger model esee 4 31 Standard event enable register eene 4 41 Standard event status register eese 4 43 Service request enable register eee 4 49 Status byte register esses nennen 4 51 SCPI Command Reference ASCII data format eret tesi 5 27 IEEE754 single precision data format 32 data bits 5 28 IEEE754 double precision data format 64 data bits 5 28 Measurement event register 5 51 Questionab
3. F 2 Coupled commands eere F 3 General Information 1 2 General Information Introduction This section contains general information about the Model 2000 Multimeter The information is organized as follows Feature overview Warranty information Manual addenda Safety symbols and terms Specifications Inspection Options and accessories If you have any questions after reviewing this information please contact your local Keithley representative or call one of our Applications Engineers at 1 800 348 3735 U S and Canada only Worldwide phone numbers are listed at the front of this manual Feature overview The Model 2000 is a 642 digit high performance digital multimeter It has 0 002 90 day basic DC voltage accuracy and 0 008 90 day basic resistance accuracy At 612 digits the multimeter delivers 50 triggered readings sec over the IEEE 488 bus At 4V2 digits it can read up to 2000 readings sec into its internal buffer The Model 2000 has broad measurement ranges DC voltage from 0 1uV to 1000V AC RMS voltage from 0 1 V to 750V 1000V peak DC current from 10nA to 3A AC RMS current from 1A to 3A Two and four wire resistance from 100u to 120MQ Frequency from 3Hz to 500kHz Thermocouple temperature from 200 C to 1372 C Some additional capabilities of the Model 2000 include Full range of functions In addition to those listed above the Model 2000 functions in
4. Command Description pun SCPI parameter ROUTe Commands to control scanner card CLOSe chan num Close specified channel 1 to 10 or channel pair 1 to 5 STATe Query closed channel or channel pair OPEN ALL Open all input channels 1 through 10 MULTiple Path to close and open multiple channels CLOSe lt list gt Close specified channels 1 to 11 STATe Query closed channel OPEN lt list gt Open specified channels 1 to 11 SCAN Path to scan channels y INTernal lt list gt Specify internal scan list 2 to 10 channels 1 10 y INTernal Query internal scan list y EXTernal lt list gt Specify external scan list 2 to 800 channels 1 10 EXTernal Query external scan list LSELect lt name gt Select scan operation INTernal EXTernal or NONE NONE LSELect Query scan operation Table 5 6 SENSe command summary Command Description pu SCPI parameter SENSe 1 FUNCtion lt name gt Select measurement function VOLTage AC VOLTage VOLT DC V DC RESistance FRESistance CURRent AC CURRent DC FREQuency TEMPerature PERiod DIODe CONTinuity FUNCtion Query function Y DATA Return the last instrument reading Y DATA FRESh Return latest reading after trigger similar to FETCh HOLD Path to control Hold feature WINDow lt NRf gt Set Hold window 926 0 01 to 20 1 WINDow Query Hold window COUNt lt NRf gt Set
5. Table D 2 cont Models 8840A 6842A device dependent command summary Mode Command Description Trigger mode Trigger Rear panel Auto mode trigger delay TO default Internal Disabled T1 External Enabled On T2 External Disabled On T3 External Enabled Off T4 External Disabled Off Note Delay is enabled by entering EXT TRIG mode while in local Offset Rel BO Offset off default Bl Offset on Display DO Normal display default DI Blank display Suffix YO Disable output suffix default Y1 Enable output suffix Terminator Wo Enable CR LF EOI default Wi Enable CR LF only W2 Enable CR EOI only W3 Enable CR only WA Enable LF EOI only w5 Enable LF only W6 Enable EOI only W7 Disable all output terminators Clear Device clear resets 8842A to default conditions X0 Clear error register Single trigger Trigger measurement GET GO Get instrument configuration function range speed trigger Gl Get SRQ mask G2 Get calibration input prompt generates error message 51 G3 Get user defined message replies with 16 space characters G4 Get calibration status replies with 1000 G5 Get IAB status input F R autorange on off offset on off G6 Get YW status suffix enabled disabled terminator selection G7 Get error status G8 Get instrument ID replies with FLUKE 8842A 0 EMUL D 8 Models 196 199 and 8840A 8842A Commands Table D 2 cont Models 8840A 6842A device dependent command summary
6. cernis teen cede ted eda perge Ernte d aisi 3 30 SIE e 3 30 Calibration LER dd iet ee D ee cb ge dian 3 30 Remote Operation IMtHOMUCTION pm 4 2 Selecting an interface sss 4 2 RAD 4 3 GPIB DUS M 4 3 Selecting a language eiecit re aeree engrais 4 4 CPL p P 4 5 Keithley Models 196 199 Digital Multimeter 4 5 Fluke Model 8840A 8842A Digital Multimeter 4 5 R5 232 operation eee teneri ioter vate Rua ieii 4 6 Sending and receiving data see 4 6 Selecting baud rate sssssseeeeeeee 4 6 Selecting signal handshaking flow control 4 7 Setting terminator essere nennen entes 4 7 RS 232 connections sereis dreina ni epe tile 4 8 Ertor messages eet iter iniii iieii 4 8 GPIB bus operation and reference sese 4 9 Introduction esc eves resinae ener eeepc ete cn 4 9 GPIB bus standards 5 eere etre 4 9 GPIB bus connections eeseeeeeeeereneeee eene 4 10 Selecting the primary address sse 4 12 QuickBASIC 4 5 programming eee 4 12 General Bus Commands eee 4 14 Front panel GPIB operation eene 4 18 Status nU 4 19 Condition registers 0 0 eeceeeeseeeeceseeeeeeseceeeeseeseeeseeenees 4 20 Event Yeglstets ate
7. One shot triggering C 4 Optimizing measurement accuracy A 8 Optimizing measurement speed A 8 Options and accessories 1 5 Output queue 4 24 Output trigger 3 10 Percent 2 28 Power on defaults 2 12 Power up 2 8 Power up sequence 2 10 Program examples C 2 Program message terminator PMT 4 37 Program messages 4 36 Programming syntax 4 32 Query commands 4 34 Queues 4 24 QuickBASIC 4 5 programming 4 12 Rack mount kits 1 6 Range 2 32 3 2 Rate 3 6 READ command 5 4 Reading hold autosettle 3 10 Rear panel summary 2 6 Recalling readings 3 17 Relative 3 5 Remote Operation 4 1 REN remote enable 4 14 Response message terminator RMT 4 38 Response messages 4 38 Response time 3 4 ROUTe subsystem 5 31 RS 232 4 3 RS 232 connections 4 8 RS 232 interface commands 5 62 RS 232 operation 4 6 Safety symbols and terms 1 3 Scan operations 3 20 Scanner cards 1 5 Scanning examples 3 25 Scanning overview 3 20 SCPI 4 5 SCPI Command Reference 5 1 SCPI command subsystems reference tables 5 6 SCPI commands E 11 SCPI Signal oriented measurement commands 5 2 SDC selective device clear 4 16 Selecting a language 4 4 Selecting an interface 4 2 Selecting baud rate 4 6 Selecting signal handshaking flow control 4 7 Selecting the primary address 4 12 Self test 3 30 Sending a response message 4 38 Sending and receiving data 4 6 5 36 Serial poll and SRQ 4 28 Service request enable register 4 27
8. 4 10 Remote Operation GPIB bus connections To connect the Model 2000 multimeter to the GPIB bus use a cable equipped with standard IEEE 488 connectors as shown in Figure 4 2 Figure 4 2 IEEE 488 connector o on 3 To allow many parallel connections to one instrument stack the connector Two screws are located on each connector to ensure that connections remain secure Current standards call for metric threads which are identified with dark colored screws Earlier versions had different screws which were silver colored Do not use these types of connectors on the Model 2000 multimeter because it is designed for metric threads Figure 4 3 shows a typical connecting scheme for a multi unit test system Figure 4 3 IEEE 466 connections Instrument Instrument Instrument Controller To avoid possible mechanical damage stack no more than three connectors on any one unit NOTE To minimize interference caused by electromagnetic radiation use only shielded IEEE 486 cables Available shielded cables from Keithley are models 7007 1 and 7007 2 Remote Operation 4 11 To connect the Model 2000 multimeter to the IEEE 488 bus follow these steps 1l Lineup the cable connector with the connector located on the rear panel The connector is designed so that it will fit only one way Figure 4 4 shows the location of the IEEE 488 connector Figure 4 4 IEEE 488 connector location ae e LI
9. Since the architecture of the Model 2000 differs from that of the 8840A 8842A some commands are different or cannot be used Commands such as range calibration factory defaults and self test do not map one for one Also note that the Model 2000 does not have the speed characteristics of the Models 8840A 8842A Other commands of the Model 2000 have been added to the 8840A 8842A command set such as frequency temperature and scanner channels Refer to the appropriate manual for further details CAUTION The 8840A 8842A language is intended to be used only over the IEEE 488 bus Using front panel controls in conjunction with this language may cause erratic operation In this case results cannot be guaranteed Table D 2 Models 8840A 6842A device dependent command summary Mode Command Description Function F1 VDC default F2 VAC F3 2 wire kQ F4 4 wire KQ F5 mA DC F6 mA AC F7 Freq F8 Temp Range VDC VAC kQ mADC mAAC Freq RO Autoon Autoon Autoon Autoon Auto on R1 1V 1V 1kQ 10mA 3A 1V R2 10V 10V 10kQ 10mA 3A 10V R3 100V 100V 100kQ 100mA 3A 100V R4 1000V 750V IMQ 1A 1A 750V R5 1000V 750V 10MQ 3A 3A 750V R6 1000V 750V 100MQ 3A 3A 750V R7 Auto off Auto off Auto off Auto off Auto off R8 100mV 750V 1009 3A 3A 750V 2 wire and 4 wire ohms Reading rate SO slow 10 PLC S1 Medium 1 PLC 612 digit resolution default S2 Fast 0 1 PLC 5 2 digit resolution Models 196 199 and 8840A 8842A Commands D 7
10. Conv Reading conversion Hold Hold Feature process if enabled Chan Close channel if scanning If the hold feature is enabled see HOLD commands in Section 5 then the first processed reading becomes the seed reading and operation loops back to the beginning of the device action After the next reading is processed it is compared to the programmed hold window 0 01 to 20 If the reading is within the window then operation again loops back to the beginning of the device action This looping action continues until the specified number 2 to 100 of valid hold readings readings within the window have occurred If one of the hold readings is not within the window then the instrument acquires a new seed reading and repeats the hold process After the hold is released an audible beep is sounded to signal a valid measurement The use of Hold is explained in Section 3 If the instrument is performing a step or scan then the next task for device action is to open the previous channel if closed and close the next channel If the filter hold feature and scanning are disabled the device action would simply be a single reading conversion 4 32 Remote Operation Programming syntax The information in this section covers syntax for both common commands and SCPI commands For information not covered here see the IEEE 488 2 and SCPI standards Command words Program messages are made up of one or more command words Comma
11. Data lines The IEEE 488 bus uses eight data lines that transfer data one byte at a time DIO1 Data Input Output through DIOS Data Input Output are the eight data lines used to transmit both data and multiline commands and are bidirectional The data lines operate with low true logic Bus management lines The five bus management lines help to ensure proper interface control and management These lines are used to send the uniline commands ATN Attention The ATN line is one of the more important management lines in that the state of this line determines how information on the data bus is to be interpreted IFC Interface Clear As the name implies the IFC line controls clearing of instruments from the bus REN Remote Enable The REN line is used to place the instrument on the bus in the remote mode EOI End or Identify The EOI is usually used to mark the end of a multi byte data transfer sequence SRQ Service Request This line is used by devices when they require service from the controller IEEE 488 Bus Overview E 7 Handshake lines Figure E 2 The bus handshake lines operate in an interlocked sequence This method ensures reliable data transmission regardless of the transfer rate Generally data transfer will occur at a rate determined by the slowest active device on the bus One of the three handshake lines is controlled by the source the talker sending information while the remaining t
12. can instead be used For example func volt func volt Each measurement function remembers its own unique setup configuration such as range speed resolution filter and rel This eliminates the need to re program setup conditions every time you switch from one function to another DATA command DATA SENSe 1 DATA Description SCPI Command Reference 5 37 Return reading This query command is used to read the latest instrument reading This command returns the raw reading or a reading that is the result of the Reference REL from the front panel operation For example if a reference value of 1 0 is established the reading returned by this command is the raw reading minus 1 0 Calculated MATH readings cannot be read with this command see the CALCulate subsystem for information on how to read math calculations The reading is returned in exponent form For example a 10V DC reading will be displayed on the CRT as follows 1 000000E 01 Notice that the measurement function is not included in the response message Thus you may want to perform a function query see previous command after a reading query 5 38 SCPI Command Reference HOLD Command The following commands are used to configure and control the Hold feature For details on Hold refer to Trigger Model Device Action in this section and Hold in Section 3 wWINDow lt NRf gt SENSe 1 HOLD WI
13. ceret EXPE N a seg 2 32 RAN BE 2 32 Measurement Options InttOdUCHOn 1 reae trate iei e eee ER iota ee ERR een 3 2 Measurement configuration cece eeeeceeseeeseseeeesetseeeaeeseeeaees 3 2 RAN BE 3 2 lal teense 3 3 hib 3 5 bri ge 3 5 FRAG f 3 6 InggeroOperatons 2 2 ete react de Ee a etse CURE interes 3 8 Tigger model L5 rrt ttr rires 3 8 Reading hold autosettle esses 3 10 External triggering rreri ent 3 11 Buffer operations serris isre iaiki 3 16 Storing teadings seisis ninte isas tete 3 17 Recalling readings eee 3 17 Buster statistics i t inert oer 3 18 Limit operations ccce tette edocet terit aia 3 18 Setting limit values sees 3 19 Enabling mits 11 rte in 3 19 SCAN Operations iret igo E elise pe CHR eR ae DE E aeni 3 20 Connection precautions esses 3 20 Scanning Overview sese 3 20 Front panel scanner controls eee 3 21 Using B and keys eseeeeeeeeenenee 3 21 Using OPEN and CLOSE keys eere 3 21 Stepping and scanning trigger model additions 3 22 Using SHIFT CONFIG to configure stepping and scanning sseeeeeee 3 24 Scanning examples neret cine tetra nne 3 25 System operations
14. dBm 10 log C imWw Where Vy is the DC or AC input signal Zger is the specified reference impedance NOTE Do not confuse reference impedance with input impedance The input impedance of the instrument is not modified by the dBm parameter If a relative value is in effect when dBm is selected the value is converted to dBm then REL is applied to dBm If REL is applied after dBm has been selected dBm math has REL applied to it Configuration To set the reference impedance perform the following steps 1 After selecting dBm the present reference impedance is displayed 1 9999Q REF 0000 2 To change the reference impedance use the q and gt keys to select the numeric position Then use the A and V keys to select the desired value Be sure to press ENTER after changing the reference impedance NOTES dBm is valid for positive and negative values of DC volts The mX b and percent math operations are applied after the dBm or dB math For example if mX b is selected with m 10 and b 0 the display will read 10 000 MXB for a IVDC signal If dBm is selected with Zprp 502 the display will read 130MXB 2 30 Basic Measurements dB calculation Expressing DC or AC voltage in dB makes it possible to compress a large range of measurements into a much smaller scope The relationship between dB and voltage is defined by the following equation VIN REF dB 20 log where Vy is the DC or AC input signal Vrer is t
15. Clears all bits of the registers CLS No effect Power up and CLS Clears the Error Queue STATus PRESet No effect Enable Disable Error Queue Messages Power up Clears list of messages CLS and STATus PRESet No effect 5 16 Table 5 8 SYSTem command summary SCPI Command Reference Command Description adi SCPI parameter SYSTem PRESet Return to SYST PRES defaults y POSetup name Select power on setup RST PRESet or SAVO POSetup Query power on setup FRSWitch Query INPUTS switch 0 rear 1 front VERSion Query rev level of SCPI standard Y ERRor Query read Error Queue Note Y AZERo Path to set up autozero STATe lt b gt Enable or disable autozero ON STATe Query autozero KEY lt NRf gt Simulate key press 1 to 31 see Figure 5 10 Y KEY Query the last pressed key Y CLEar Clears messages from the Error Queue BEEPer Path to control beeper STATe lt b gt Enable or disable beeper ON Y STATe Query state of beeper Y LOCal Take 2000 out of remote and restore operation of front panel controls RS 232 only REMote Place 2000 in remote RS 232 only RWLock Lockout front panel controls RS 232 only KCLick lt b gt Turn the keyclick on off ON KCLick Query the keyclick status LFRequency Query power line frequency Note Clearing the Error Queue Power up and CLS Clears the Error Queue RST SYSTem
16. GPIB status indicators The REM remote TALK talk LSTN listen and SRQ service request annunciators show the GPIB bus status Each of these indicators is described below REM This indicator shows when the instrument is in the remote state REM does not necessarily indicate the state of the REM line as the instrument must be addressed to listen with REM true before the REM indicator turns on When the instrument is in remote all front panel keys except for the LOCAL key are locked out When REM is turned off the instrument is in the local state and front panel operation is restored TALK This indicator is on when the instrument is in the talker active state Place the unit in the talk state by addressing it to talk with the correct MTA My Talk Address command TALK is off when the unit is in the talker idle state Place the unit in the talker idle state by sending an UNT Untalk command addressing it to listen or sending the IFC Interface Clear command LSTN This indicator is on when the Model 2000 Multimeter is in the listener active state which is activated by addressing the instrument to listen with the correct MLA My Listen Address command LSTN is off when the unit is in the listener idle state Place the unit in the listener idle state by sending UNL Unlisten addressing it to talk or sending IFC Interface Clear command over the bus SRQ You can program the instrument to generate a service request S
17. IDN Identification query Returns the manufacturer model number serial number and firmware revision levels of the unit OPC Operation complete command Set the Operation Complete bit in the Standard Event Status Register after all pending commands have been executed OPC Operation complete query Places an ASCII 1 into the output queue when all pending selected device operations have been completed OPT Option identification query Returns an ID code that indicates which memory option is installed and whether or not the optional scanner card is installed RCL lt NRf gt Recall command Returns the Model 2000 to the setup configuration stored in the specified memory location RST Reset command Returned the Model 2000 to the RST default conditions SAV lt NRf gt Save command Saves the current setup to the specified memory location SRE lt NRf gt Service request enable command Programs the Service Request Enable Register SRE Service request enable query Reads the Service Request Enable Register STB Read status byte query Reads the Status Byte Register TRG Trigger command Sends a bus trigger to the 2000 TST Self test query Performs a checksum test on ROM and returns the result WAI Wait to continue command Wait until all previous commands are executed 4 40 Remote Operation CLS Clear Status Clear status registers and error queue Description Use the CLS command to clear reset t
18. INT 1 INT 1 INT 1 Ou Ou Ou Ou ou ou en tput tput tput tput tput tput INPUT 2 a RINI T as 02 02 02 02 02 02 ter 02 syst pres Select defaults init cont off abort Place 2000 in idle trig coun 1 sour tim Program for 30 measurements and then stop idle Samp coun 30 init wai Start measurements and send wai data Query a reading Get reading after 2000 goes into idle Read the reading Display the reading 5 SCPI Command Reference 5 2 SCPI Command Reference This section contains reference information on programming the Model 2000 with the SCPI commands It is organized as follows SCPI Signal Oriented Measurement Commands Covers the signal oriented measure ment commands These commands are used to acquire readings SCPI command subsystems reference tables Includes a summary table for each SCPI subsystem command SCPI command subsystems Includes additional information on each SCPI subsystem command SCPI Signal oriented measurement commands The signal oriented measurement commands are used to acquire readings You can use these high level instructions to control the measurement process These commands are summarized in Table 5 1 Table 5 1 Signal oriented measurement command summary Command Description CONFigure function Places the Model 2000 in a one shot measurement mode for
19. Setting limit values 3 19 Setting line voltage and replacing fuse 2 9 Setting terminator 4 7 Shielding 2 18 2 23 Short form rules 4 35 Single channel or channel pair control 5 31 Single command messages 4 36 SPE SPD serial polling 4 17 Specifications 1 3 A 1 Speed Commands 5 39 Status and Error Messages B 1 Status and error messages 2 16 Status Byte and Service Request SRQ 4 25 Status Byte Register 4 26 Status structure 4 19 STATus subsystem 5 50 Stepping and scanning trigger model additions 3 22 Storing readings 3 17 Storing readings in buffer C 6 subsystem 5 36 System operations 3 30 Taking readings using the READ command C 12 Taking readings with the scanner card C 8 Testing diodes 2 32 Thermal EMFs 2 18 Thermocouple commands 5 47 Threshold resistance level 2 31 Timing 3 26 Trigger level 2 24 Trigger model 3 8 Trigger model GPIB operation 4 29 Trigger model operation 4 30 Trigger operations 3 8 Trigger subsystem 5 65 Typical command sequences E 13 naddress commands E 10 niline commands E 9 niversal multiline commands E 9 sing an internal scanner card 3 20 C AC IG sing common commands and SCPI commands in the same message 4 37 c sing external scanner cards 3 20 sing OPEN and CLOSE keys 3 21 sing SHIFT CONFIG to configure stepping and scanning 3 24 Using B and keys 3 21 VI Voltmeter complete 3 12 Warm up time 2 15 Warranty information 1 3 Service Fo
20. THIS WARRANTY IS IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED INCLUDING ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR USE THE REMEDIES PROVIDED HEREIN ARE THE BUYER S SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDIES NEITHER KEITHLEY INSTRUMENTS INC NOR ANY OF ITS EMPLOYEES SHALL BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT INDIRECT SPECIAL INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF ITS INSTRUMENTS AND SOFTWARE EVEN IF KEITHLEY INSTRUMENTS INC HAS BEEN ADVISED IN ADVANCE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES SUCH EXCLUDED DAMAGES SHALL INCLUDE BUT ARE NOT LIMITED TO COST OF REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION LOSSES SUSTAINED AS THE RESULT OF INJURY TO ANY PERSON OR DAMAGE TO PROPERTY KEITHLEY A GREATER MEASURE OF CONFIDENCE Keithley Instruments Inc Corporate Headquarters 28775 Aurora Road Cleveland Ohio 44139 440 248 0400 Fax 440 248 6168 1 888 KEITHLEY 1 888 534 8453 www keithley com 3 07 Model 2000 Multimeter User s Manual 1994 Keithley Instruments Inc All rights reserved Cleveland Ohio U S A Eighth Printing August 2003 Document Number 2000 900 01 Rev H Manual Print History The print history shown below lists the printing dates of all Revisions and Addenda created for this manual The Revision Level letter increases alphabetically as the manual undergoes subsequent updates Addenda which are released between Revisions contain important change information that the user should incorpo
21. sesssseeeeeeeeeeenneeenn nnns 5 44 AVERage commands eee 5 45 Bandwidth command esee 5 46 THReshold commands seen 5 47 Thermocouple commands eee 5 47 DIODe comnmiand 2 roe r reuse 5 49 CONTinuity command eee 5 49 STATUS S bSyStem 5 5 tate dtp ch deren din etian 5 50 EVENt command eese 5 50 ENABIe command sotishini yanini 5 52 CONDition command eene 5 54 PRESET command eese 5 54 QUEue commands eese nennen 5 55 SS YS Tem subsystem tei e i 5 57 BEEPer command essen 5 57 PRESet command 2 Iter cett ae dodiee 5 57 KCLick command aers aae Ea E 5 57 POSetup lt name gt command see 5 58 FRSWitch command eeeeeeeeeeeeennne 5 58 VERSion command eessssseeeeeenerens 5 58 ERRor command sescentae as aer EEr 5 59 AZERO commands ettii e r E 5 59 CLEar command ssessseeeeeeeeeeeenne eee 5 60 KEY NRf command esee 5 60 RS 232 interface commands sse 5 62 Line frequency query esee 5 62 SDRACe su bsystet viiese etenim erit rrr e rapta 5 63 CEBar command ox i 5 63 SFREE command iet res 5 63 POINtS command iseti enne 5 63 FEED command essssesssessseeeeeeeeennee nnne 5 64 Trigger SUD
22. srq PRINT SRQ Has Occurred RQS bit B6 is set 1 RETURN Trigger model GPIB operation Remote Operation 4 29 This section describes how the Model 2000 Multimeter operates over the GPIB bus The flowchart in Figure 4 11 summarizes operation over the bus and is called the trigger model It is called the trigger model because operation is controlled by SCPI commands from the Trigger subsystem see Section 5 for more information Key SCPI commands are included in the trigger model Figure 4 11 Trigger model remote operation ABOrt RCL O SYST PRES Language Change Idle and Initiate or INIT CONT ON 2 gt INIT CIMM No see Figure 4 12 Yes Yes Trigger Signal Yes Another lt Trigger Trigger Count lt n gt Infinite Control Event Source Detection Output Trigger Source Immediate Trigger Trigger Source External Trigger Source Timer Trigger Source Manua Trigger Source BUS lt Yes Another Sample j Sample Count lt n gt Trigger Delay lt n gt Trigger Delay AUTO lt b gt Delay Device Action 4 30 Remote Operation Idle and initiate The instrument is considered to be in the idle state whenever it is not operating While in the idle state the instrument cannot perform any measure or scan functions You can send two commands
23. 10 stepping yields 20 channel closures and 20 output triggers Scanning also goes through the scan list twice but sends an output trigger only at the end of each scan e With a reading count 0002 less than the scan list length 10 stepping yields two channel closures and output triggers Scanning goes through the entire scan list and sends an output trigger but only two readings are stored NOTE Ifthe reading count divided by the scan list length is not an integer it is rounded up For example if the reading count is 15 and the scan list length is 10 there will be two output triggers for scanning 3 26 Measurement Options The differences between stepping and scanning counters for bus commands are summarized in Table 3 3 Table 3 3 Bus commands parameters for stepping and scanning counters Operation SAMPIe COUNt TRIGger COUNt STEP 1 reading count SCAN scan list length reading count scan list length Timing Another configuration option for stepping and scanning is the timing of channel closures The example of Figure 3 15 shows how different settings of TIMER and DELAY affect these operations These are the Timer control source and the Delay block shown in the trigger models of Figure 3 12 and Figure 3 13 With the timer ON and set to five seconds and delay set to AUTO channels are stepped through at five second intervals with an output trigger after each closure A scan operation yields ten chann
24. COUNI n TRIGger SEQuence 1 COUNt n Set measure count Parameters lt n gt 1 to 9999 Specify count INF Sets count to infinite DEFault Sets count to 1 MINimum Sets count to 1 MAXimum Sets count to 9999 Query COUNt Queries programmed count COUN DEFault Queries RST default count COUNt MINimum Queries lowest allowable count COUNt MAXimum Queries largest allowable count Description This command is used to specify how many times operation loops around in the trigger operation For example if the count is set to 10 operation continues to loop around until 10 device actions are performed After the 10th action operation proceeds back up to the start of the trigger model Note that each loop places operation at the control source where it waits for the programmed event DELay lt n gt TRIGger SEQuence 1 DELay n Set trigger model delay Parameters lt n gt 0 to 999999 999 Specify delay in seconds DEFault 0 second delay MINimum 0 second delay MAXimum 999999 999 second delay Query DELay Query the programmed delay DELay DEFault Query the RST default delay DELay MINimum Query the lowest allowable delay DELay MAXimum Query the largest allowable delay Description The delay is used to delay operation of the trigger model After the programmed event occurs the instrument waits until the delay period expires before performing the Device Action in the Trigger Model The delay time can also be set by using the AUTO
25. Description Prevent execution of commands until previous com mands are completed Two types of device commands exist Sequential commands A command whose operations are allowed to finish before the next command is executed Overlapped commands A command that allows the execution of subsequent commands while device operations of the Overlapped command are still in progress Use the WAI command to suspend the execution of subsequent commands until the device operations of all previous Overlapped commands are finished The WAI command is not needed for Sequential commands The Model 2000 has three overlapped commands INITiate INITiate CONTinuous ON TRG Note See OPC OPC and TRG for more information The INITiate commands remove the Model 2000 from the idle state The device operations of INITiate are not considered complete until the Model 2000 returns to idle By sending the WAI command after the INITiate command all subsequent commands will not execute until the Model 2000 goes back into idle The TRG command issues a bus trigger that could be used to provide the arm scan and measure events for the Trigger Model By sending the WAI command after the TRG command subsequent commands will not executed until the pointer for the Trigger Model has finished moving in response to TRG and has settled at its next state Program Fragment P P U UU U i RINT 1 RINT 1 RINT 1 INT 1
26. Refer to the Model 2000 Calibration Manual for details To view the calibration count press ENTER at the COUNT prompt Remote Operation 4 2 Remote Operation Introduction This section includes the following information e Selecting an interface e Selecting a language e RS 232 operation GPIB bus operation and reference e Status structure Trigger model GPIB operation Programming syntax Common commands Selecting an interface The Model 2000 multimeter supports two built in remote interfaces e GPIB bus e RS 232 interface You can use only one interface at a time The factory interface selection is the GPIB bus You can select the interface only from the front panel The interface selection is stored in non volatile memory it does not change when power has been off or after a remote interface reset Before you select a remote interface consider the programming language you want to use For more information about selecting programming languages see this section NOTE Changing the interface GPIB to RS 232 or RS 232 to GPIB will clear the data buffer Remote Operation 4 3 RS 232 You can connect a controller to the RS 232 interface Some considerations for selecting the RS 232 interface are the following e You must define the baud rate enable or disable software handshake XON XOF e You can only use the SCPI programming language with the RS 232 interface To select RS 232 as the remote i
27. SCAN INTernal EXTernal is used to measure channels that are controlled by an external switch system When EXTernal is selected the Model 2000 scans the external scan list see SCAN EXTernal When NONE is used the Model 2000 disables all operations associated with a scan 5 36 SCPI Command Reference SENSe 1 subsystem The Sense 1 Subsystem is used to configure and control the measurement functions of the Model 2000 A function does not have to be selected before you program its various configurations A function can be selected any time after it has been programmed Whenever a programmed function is selected it assumes the programmed states FUNCtion Command FUNCtion lt name gt SENSe 1 FUNCtion lt name gt Parameters Query Description Select measurement function name CURRent AC Select AC Current CURRent DC Select DC Current VOLTage AC Select AC Voltage VOLTage DC Select DC Voltage RESistance Select 2 wire Resistance FRESistance Select 4 wire Resistance PERiod Select Period FREQuency Select Frequency TEMPerature Select Temperature DIODe Select Diode Testing CONTinuity Select Continuity Testing FUNCtion Query currently programmed function The FUNCtion command is used to select the measurement function of the instrument Note that parameter names are enclosed in single quotes However double quotes
28. SCPI Command Reference Signal oriented measurement command summary 5 2 CALCulate command summary eee 5 7 FORMat command summary eseeeeeeneeen 5 8 DISPlay command summary eee 5 8 SENSe command summary eee 5 9 ROUTe command summary eee 5 9 STATus command summary eee 5 15 TRACe command summary eere 5 16 SYSTem command summary eene 5 16 Trigger command summary eee 5 17 UNIT command summary eee 5 18 Status and Error Messages Status and error messages essesseeeeeeeeeeneeneeeneenn B 2 Models 196 199 and 8840A 8842A Commands Models 196 199 device dependent command summary D 2 Models 8840A 8842A device dependent command summary eeseeeeeeeneeenen een ene enne D 6 E Table E 1 Table E 2 Table E 3 Table E 4 Table E 5 Table E 6 F Table F 1 Table F 2 IEEE 488 Bus Overview IEEE 488 bus command summary eene E 8 Hexadecimal and decimal command codes E 11 Typical addressed command sequence E 13 Typical addressed command sequence E 13 IEEE command groups eere E 14 Model 2000 interface function codes E 15 IEEE 488 documentation requirements
29. Service Request Enable 4 48 SRE Service Request Enable Query 4 48 STB Status Byte Query sscsssssssscsssssssssssssscesecssscsssess 4 50 TRG Trigger eee TST Self Test Query W AI Wait to Continue SCPI Command Reference SCPI Signal oriented measurement commands 5 2 CONFigure Command eee 5 2 EELCh command rettet retten tern 5 3 READ command eet eterni eee areas 5 4 MEASure command eese 5 5 SCPI command subsystems reference tables 5 6 Calculate subsystetu sursis 5 19 CAT Culate 1 irc A 5 19 CA TL CU ate on cesses ic eco teet iso tetigi ics 5 21 CAL GELS 5 22 DISPlay SUubSyStet te tre tbe estet eterni 5 25 FORMat subsystem soroeensis na aea dead 5 27 DAWA command rte tete tree ed ies 5 27 BORDer command etsii r 5 29 ELEMents command esee 5 30 ROU Te subsystem 5 ee cipere ite ra ERE ele i 5 31 SCAN commands sasaina sess 5 34 SENSe 1 subsystem eese 5 36 FUNCtion Command esee 5 36 DATA command 5 2 21 x nete eerte e heres 5 37 HOLD Command essere 5 38 Speed Commands certet tee heec 5 39 RANGe commands essen 5 40 REFerence n commands essere 5 42 DIGits command
30. Use the SAVE command to save the current instrument setup configuration in memory for later recall Any control affected by RST can be saved by the SAV command The RCL command is used to restore the instrument to the saved setup configuration Only one setup configuration can be saved and recalled SRE lt NRf gt Service Request Enable Program service request enable register SRE Service Request Enable Query Read service request enable register Parameters lt NRf 0 Clears enable register 1 Set MSB bit Bit 0 4 Set EAV bit Bit 2 8 Set QSB bit Bit 3 16 Set MAV bit Bit 4 32 Set ESB Bit 5 128 Set OSB Bit 7 255 Set all bits Description Use the SRE command to program the Service Request Enable Register Send this command with the decimal equivalent of the binary value that determines the desired state 0 or 1 of each bit in the register This register is cleared on power up This enable register is used along with the Status Byte Register to generate service requests SRQ With a bit in the Service Request Enable Register set an SRQ occurs when the Remote Operation 4 49 corresponding bit in the Status Byte Register is set by an appropriate event For more information on register structure see the information presented earlier in this section The Service Request Enable Register is shown in Figure 4 15 Notice that the decimal weight of each bit is included in the illustration The sum of the d
31. and CR as Terminator Configure serial port parameters ComOpen COM2 9600 8 1 ASC CDO CS0 DS0 LF OPO RS TB8192 RB8192 OPEN ComOpen FOR RANDOM AS 1 Model 2000 setup commands Note Serial communications only operate with SCPI mode PRINT 1 RST Clear registers PRINT 1 CLS PRINT 1 INIT CONT PRINT 1 SENS FUNC PRINT 1 SYST AZER PRINT 1 SENS VOLT PRINT 1 SENS VOLT PRINT 1 SENS VOLT PRINT 1 SENS VOLT PRINT 1 FORM ELEM PRINT 1 TRIG COUN PRINT 1 SAMP COUN PRINT 1 TRIG DEL 0 PRINT 1 TRIG SOUR PRINT 1 DISP ENAB SLEEP 1 PRINT 1 READ LINE INPUT 1 RD PRINT RD PRINT 1 DISP ENAB Clean up and quit finish CLOSE 1 CLEAR END OFF ABORT VOLT DC STAT OFF DC AVER STAT OFF DC NPLC 0 01 DC RANG 10 DC DIG 4 READ T n 100 IMM OFF ON Example Programs Clear Model 2000 Init off DCV Auto zero off Filter off NPLC 0 01 10V range 4 digit Reading only Trig count 1 Sample count 100 No trigger delay Immediate trigger No display Wait one second Read query Get data Display data Turn on display Close file Interface clear C 14 Example Programs Models 196 199 and 8840A 8842A Commands D 2 Models 196 199 and 8840A 8842A Commands The Model 2000 can be configured to accept device dependent commands of the Keithley Mo
32. data acquisition board for installation into a computer should never require cleaning if handled accord ing to instructions If the board becomes contaminated and operation is affected the board should be returned to the factory for proper cleaning servicing Table of Contents 1 General Information InttOGUCHORL ui tert here ete er Ra ripe repe tedg 1 2 Feat te OVervIeW necesite etienne Rn eT ette te pes oret aded 1 2 Warranty information sese eee enne 1 3 Manual addenda cce ia 1 3 Safety symbols and terms sese 1 3 Specifications reissata aieiai Aea Ree tagen 1 3 Inspectiol 4 dre tee tette ec et REIR E HORE eer De IHR De tls 1 4 Options and accessories esseeseeeeeeeereeeee eee 1 5 Scanner Cards cerei ern tene eei ep eite epe stage 1 5 General purpose probes seeeeee 1 5 Low thermal probes eene 1 6 Cables and adapters sse oeste eser enis 1 6 Rack mount Kits socis ito ed eie redpa 1 6 Carrying case S 1 6 2 Basic Measurements Inirod ctiOM e M 2 2 Front panel summary essere rennen eene 2 3 Rear panel summary eese nennen 2 6 le M R 2 8 Line power connection eese 2 8 Setting line voltage and replacing fuse 2 9 Power up sequence eee nene 2 10 High energy circuit safet
33. e g 23 6 or an exponent 2 3E6 Example SYSTem KEY 16 Press TEMP key from over the bus n Numeric value A numeric value parameter can consist of an NRf number or one of the following name parameters DEFault MINimum MAXimum When the DEFault parameter is used the instrument is programmed to the RST default value When the MINimum parameter is used the instrument is programmed to the lowest allowable value When the MAXimum parameter is used the instrument is programmed to the largest allowable value Examples TRIGger TIMer 0 1 Sets timer to 100 msec TRIGger TIMer DEFault Sets timer to 0 1 sec TRIGger TIMer MINimum Sets timer to 1 msec TRIGger TIMer MAXimum Sets timer to 999999 999 sec lt list gt List Specify one or more switching channels Examples ROUTe SCAN 1 10 Specify scan list 1 10 ROUTe SCAN 2 4 6 Specify scan list 2 4 and 6 Angle Brackets lt gt Angle brackets lt gt are used to denote a parameter type Do not include the brackets in the program message For example HOLD STATe b The b indicates that a Boolean type parameter is required Thus to enable the Hold feature you must send the command with the ON or 1 parameter as follows HOLD STATe ONor 1 4 34 Remote Operation Query commands This type of command requests queries the currently programmed status It is identified by the question mark at the end of the fundamental form of the command
34. through MXB A MUNits Query mx b units PERCent lt NRf gt Set target value for PERCent calculation 100e6 to 100e6 1 ACQuire Use input signal as target value PERCent Query percent STATe b Enable or disable kmath calculation Note STATe Query state of kmath function DATA Read result of kmath calculation CALCulate2 Subsystem to control CALC 2 Y FORMat name Select math format MEAN SDEViation MAXimum NONE y MINimum or NONE FORMat Query math format Y STATe lt b gt Enable or disable calculation Note y STATe Query state of math function y IMMediate Recalculate raw input data in buffer y IMMediate Perform calculation and read result y DATA Read math result of CALC 2 V CALCulate3 Subsystem to control CALC 3 limit test Y LIMit 1 Path to control LIMIT 1 test Y UPPer Path to configure upper limit Y DATA n Set upper limit 100e6 to 100e6 1 y DATA Query upper limit Y LOWer Path to configure lower limit y DATA n Set lower limit 100e6 to 100e6 1 y DATA Query lower limit y STATe lt b gt Enable or disable limit test OFF y STATe Query state of limit test Y FAIL Query test result 1 pass 0 fail Y CLEAR Path to clear failed test Y IMMediate Clear failed test indication Y AUTO lt b gt Enable or disable auto clear ON Y AUTO Query auto clear Y QMMediate Re perform limit tests y Note ON is the RST de
35. 10 messages If the queue becomes full the message 350 Queue Overflow will occupy the last memory location in the register On power up the Error Queue is empty When the Error Queue is empty the message 0 No error is placed in the Error Queue The messages in the queue are preceded by a number Negative numbers are used for SCPI defined messages and positive numbers are used for Keithley defined messages The messages are listed in Appendix B After this command is sent and the Model 2000 is addressed to talk the oldest message in the queue is sent to the computer NOTE The STATus QUEue NEXT query command performs the same function as the SYSTem ERRor query command see System subsystem CLEar STATus QUEue CLEar Clear Error Queue Description This action command is used to clear the Error Queue of messages 5 56 SCPI Command Reference ENABle lt list gt STATus QUEue ENABle lt list gt Enable messages for Error Queue Parameter lt list gt numlist where numlist is a specified list of messages that you wish to enable for the Error Queue Query ENABle Query list of enabled messages Description On power up all error messages are enabled and will go into the Error Queue as they occur Status messages are not enabled and will not go into the queue This command is used to specify which messages you want enabled Messages not specified will be disabled and prevented from entering
36. 10V 105 10 KQ 42 10 kQ 22 100V 70 100 KQ 28 100 kQ 18 1000 V 70 1MQ 8 1MQ 7 10 MQ 5 10 MQ 5 100 MQ 3 100 MQ 3 Internal Scanner Speed Notes 1 Speeds are for 60Hz operation using factory default operating conditions RST Auto Zero off Auto Range off Display off sample count 1024 2 NPLC 0 01 3 DETector BANDwidth 300 4 10 channel card specification See individual card specifications for options other than 10 channel card TRIGGERING AND MEMORY READING HOLD SENSITIVITY 0 01 0 1 1 or 10 of reading TRIGGER DELAY 0 to 99 hrs 1ms step size EXTERNAL TRIGGER LATENCY 200us 300ys jitter with autozero off trigger delay 0 MEMORY 1024 readings MATH FUNCTIONS Rel Min Max Average StdDev of stored reading dB dBm Limit Test and mX b with user defined units displayed dBm REFERENCE RESISTANCES 1 to 9999Q in 1 increments STANDARD PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES SCPI Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments Keithley 196 199 Fluke 8840A Fluke 8842A REMOTE INTERFACE GPIB IEEE 488 1 IEEE 488 2 and RS 232C GENERAL POWER SUPPLY 100V 120V 220V 240V LINE FREQUENCY 50Hz to 60Hz and 400Hz automatically sensed at power up POWER CONSUMPTION 22 VA OPERATING ENVIRONMENT Specified for 0 C to 50 C Specified to 80 R H at 35 C Altitude up to 2000 meters STORAGE ENVIRONMENT 40 C to 70 C WARRANTY 3 years EMC Complies with European U
37. 2ppm of reading 1ppm of range DCV Q TEMPERATURE CONTINUITY DIODE TEST INPUT PROTECTION 1000V all ranges MAXIMUM 4W9 LEAD RESISTANCE 10 of range per lead for 1000 and 1kQ ranges 1kQ per lead for all other ranges DC CURRENT INPUT PROTECTION 3A 250V fuse SHUNT RESISTOR 0 1Q for 3A 1A and 100mA ranges 100 for 10mA range CONTINUITY THRESHOLD Adjustable 1 to 10000 AUTOZERO OFF ERROR Add 2ppm of range error 5pV for 10 min utes and 1 C change OVERRANGE 120 of range except on 1000V 3A and Diode 2ppm 10mA and 1A 10ppm 100mA 40ppm 2 Speeds are for 60 Hz operation using factory default operating conditions RST Autorange off Display off Trigger delay 0 3 Speeds include measurement and binary data transfer out the GPIB 4 Auto zero off 5 Sample count 1024 auto zero off Auto zero off NPLC 0 01 7 Ohms 24 readings second 8 1 PLC 16 67ms 60Hz 20ms 50Hz 400Hz The frequency is automatically determined at power up For signal levels gt 500V add 0 02ppm V uncertainty for the portion exceeding 500V 10 Add 120ms for ohms Must have 10 matching of lead resistance in Input HI and LO 12 For line frequency 0 1 18 For 1kQ unbalance in LO lead 14 Relative to calibration accuracy 15 Specifications are for 4 wire ohms For 2 wire ohms add 1Q additional uncertainty 16 For rear inputs add the following to Temperature Coefficient ppm of reading uncertainty 1O
38. 314 Save recall memory lost EE 315 Configuration memory lost EE 285 Program syntax error EE 284 Program currently running EE 282 Illegal program name EE 281 Cannot create program EE 260 Expression error EE 241 Hardware missing EE 230 Data corrupt or stale EE 225 Out of memory EE 224 Illegal parameter value EE 223 Too much data EE 222 Parameter data out of range EE 221 Settings conflict EE 220 Parameter error EE 215 Arm deadlock EE 214 Trigger deadlock EE 213 Init ignored EE 212 Arm ignored EE 211 Trigger ignored EE 210 Trigger error EE 202 Settings lost due to rtl EE 201 Invalid while in local EE 200 Execution error EE 178 Expression data not allowed EE 171 Invalid expression EE 170 Expression error EE 168 Block data not allowed EE 161 Invalid block data EE 160 Block data error EE 158 String data not allowed EE 154 String too long EE 151 Invalid string data EE 150 String data error EE Status and Error Messages Table B 1 Status and error messages Number Description Event 148 Character data not allowed EE 144 Character data too long EE 141 Invalid character data EE 140 Character data error EE 128 Numeric data not allowed EE 124 Too many digits EE 123 Exponent too large EE 121 Invalid character in number EE 120 Numeric data error EE 114 Header suffix out of range EE 113 Undefined header EE 112 Program mnemonic too long EE 111 Header separator error EE 110 Com
39. 5 N6 Close channel 6 N7 Close channel 7 N8 Close channel 8 N9 Close channel 9 N10 Close channel 10 N11 Step mode max channel is 2 N12 Step mode max channel is 3 N13 Step mode max channel is 4 N14 Step mode max channel is 5 N15 Step mode max channel is 6 N16 Step mode max channel is 7 N17 Step mode max channel is 8 N18 Step mode max channel is 9 N19 Step mode max channel is 10 N20 Open all stop scanning or stepping if applicable Table D 1 cont Models 196 199 and 8840A 8842A Commands D 5 Models 196 199 device dependent command summary Mode Command Description Scanning cont N21 Scan mode max channel is 2 N22 Scan mode max channel is 3 N23 Scan mode max channel is 4 N24 Scan mode max channel is 5 N25 Scan mode max channel is 6 N26 Scan mode max channel is 7 N27 Scan mode max channel is 8 N28 Scan mode max channel is 9 N29 Scan mode max channel is 10 Thermocouple JO Type J thermocouple J1 Type K thermocouple J2 Type T thermocouple O0 Simulated reference junction for temperature function Ol Real reference junction for temperature function HO Set simulated reference junction temperature using V command 0 to 50 C D 6 Models 196 199 and 8840A 8842A Commands The Model 2000 can be configured to accept device dependent commands of the Fluke Models 8840A 8842A The commands to control the Model 2000 with the 8840A 8842A language are provided in Table D 2
40. 75 IMPedance Query reference impedance DC Query DCV units SCPI Command Reference 5 19 Calculate subsystem The commands in this subsystem are used to configure and control the Calculate subsystems and are summarized in Table 5 2 CALCulate 1 These commands are used to configure and control the MXB polynomial and percent math calculations Detailed information on math calculations is provided in Section 2 FORMat lt name gt CALCulate 1 FORMat lt name gt Specify CALC1 format Parameters function NONE No calculations MXB Polynomial math calculation PERCent Percent math calculation Query FORMat Query programmed math format Description This command is used to specify the format for the CALCI math calculations With NONE selected no CALCI calculation is performed With MXB or PERCent selected and enabled see STATe the result of the calculation is displayed The calculated reading is refreshed every time the instrument takes a reading XMATh commands MMFactor lt Nrf gt CALCulate 1 KMATh MMFactor lt NRf gt Specify m factor Parameter lt NRf gt 100e6 to 100e6 Query MMFactor Query m factor Description This command is used to define the m factor for the mx b calculation MBFactor lt NRf gt CALCulate 1 KMATh MBFactor lt Nrf gt Specify b factor Parameter lt NRf gt 100e6 to 100e6 Query MBFactor Query b factor Description This command is use
41. CLEar command CLEar SYSTem CLEar Clear Error Queue Description This action command is used to clear the Error Queue of messages KEY lt NRf gt command SYSTem KEY lt NRf gt Simulate key press Parameters NRf 1 SHIFT key lt NRf gt 17 LOCAL key 2 DCV key 18 EX TRIG key 3 ACV key 19 TRIG key 4 DCI key 20 STORE key 5 ACI 21 RECALL key 6 Q2key 22 FILTER key 7 Q4 key 23 REL key 8 FREQ key 24 left arrow key 9 25 10 26 OPEN key 11 up arrow key 27 CLOSE key 12 AUTO key 28 STEP key 13 down arrow key 29 SCAN key 14 ENTER key 30 DIGITS key 15 rightarrow key 31 RATE key 16 TEMP key 32 EXIT key Query KEY Query last pressed key Description This command is used to simulate front panel key presses For example to select DCV you can send the following command to simulate pressing the DCV key syst key 2 Figure 5 10 Key press codes SCPI Command Reference 5 61 The parameter listing provides the key press code in numeric order Figure 5 10 also illustrates the key press codes The queue for the KEY query command can only hold one key press When KEY is sent over the bus and the Model 2000 is addressed to talk the key press code number for the last key pressed either physically or with KEY is sent to the computer 18 SENSE Q4WIRE weu vu INPUTS CO FRONTIREAR 23 27 20 29 22 31 24 32 14 12 5 62 SCPI Command Reference RS 232 inter ace command
42. For the AC functions MEDium and SLOW have no effect on the number of power line cycles See the discussion on Bandwidth that follows Measurement Options 3 7 Bandwidth The rate setting for AC voltage and current measurements determines the bandwidth setting Slow 3Hz to 300kHz e Medium 30Hz to 300kHz e Fast 300Hz to 300kHz Bandwidth is used to specify the lowest frequency of interest When the Slow bandwidth 3Hz to 300kHz is chosen the signal goes through an analog RMS converter The output of the RMS converter goes to a fast 1kHz sampling A D and the RMS value is calculated from 1200 digitized samples 1 2s When the Medium bandwidth 30Hz to 300kHz is chosen the same circuit is used However only 120 samples 120ms are needed for an accurate calculation because the analog RMS converter has turned most of the signal to DC In the Fast bandwidth 300Hz to 300kHz the output of the analog RMS converter nearly pure DC at these frequencies is simply measured at 1 PLC 16 6ms Table 3 1 lists the rate settings for the various measurement functions The FAST MED and SLOW annunciators are only lit when conditions in the table are met In other case the annunciators are turned off Table 3 1 Rate settings for the measurement functions Rate Function Fast Medium Slow DCV DCI NPLC 0 1 NPLC 1 NPLC 10 ACV ACI NPLC 1 BW 300 NPLC X BW 30 NPLC X BW 3 Q2W
43. Hold count 2 to 100 5 COUNt Query Hold count STATe lt NRf gt Enable or disable Hold OFF STATe Query state of Hold 5 10 SCPI Command Reference Table 5 6 cont SENSe command summary Command Description Detault SCPI parameter CURRent AC Path to configure AC current y NPLCycles lt n gt Set integration rate line cycles 0 01 to 10 1 Y NPLCycles Query line cycle integration rate Y RANGe Path to configure measurement range Y UPPer n Select range 0 to 3 1 3 Y UPPer Query range Y AUTO lt b gt Enable or disable auto range ON Y AUTO Query auto range Y REFerence n Specify reference 3 1 to 3 1 0 Y STATe lt b gt Enable or disable reference OFF y STATe Query state of reference y ACQuire Use input signal as reference REFerence Query reference value Y DIGits n Specify measurement resolution 4 to 7 6 DIGits Query resolution AVERage Path to configure and control the filter TCONtrol lt name gt Select filter type MOVing or REPeat Note TCONtrol Query filter type COUNt lt n gt Specify filter count 1 to 100 COUNt Query filter count 10 STATe lt b gt Enable or disable filter OFF STATe Query state of digital filter DETector Path to configure bandwidth BANDwidth lt NRf gt Specify bandwidth 3 to 300e3 30 BANDwidth Query bandwidth CURRent DC Path to configure DC current y NPLCycles lt n gt Set integratio
44. Macro information Response to IDN identification Storage area for PUD and PUD Resource description for RDT and RDT Effects of RST RCL and SAV TST information Status register structure Sequential or overlapped commands Operation complete messages Description or reference See Appendix E Cannot enter an invalid address Address changes and bus resets Determine by SYSTem POSetup Section 5 256 bytes None AII queries Common Commands and SCPI None See Table F 2 Contained in SCPI command subsystems tables see Table 5 2 through Table 5 11 Block display messages 12 characters max See Programming Syntax in Section 4 See Programming Syntax in Section 4 None See Display Subsystem in Section 5 See Common Commands in Section 4 See Calibration Manual Not applicable Not applicable See Common Commands in Section 4 Not applicable Not applicable See Common Commands in Section 4 See Common Commands in Section 4 See Status structure in Section 4 All are sequential except INIT and INIT CONT ON which are overlapped OPC OPC and WAI see Common Commands in Section 4 IEEE 488 and SCPI Conformance Information Table F 2 Coupled commands Command Also changes To TRAC POIN STRAC FEED CONT NEV TRAC CLE TRAC FEED CONT NEV Sense Subsystem Commands RANG UPP RANG AUTO OFF IREF ACQ REF
45. Mode Command Description GET cont G9 Get status of JKM commands temp units TC type and junction String 1jkm G10 Get closed channel number String 10nn Where nn 00 all open 01 through 10 closed channel G11 Get simulated reference junction temperature String xx xxx in C Note G2 valid only in calibration mode PUT PO Put instrument configuration function range speed trigger P1 Put SRQ mask P4 Set simulated junction temperature 0 to 50 C Default temperature 23 C PUT format N lt value gt PO Thermocouple type Temperature unit Thermocouple refer ence junction Scanner channel SRQ mask values N value P1 N value P4 KO K1 K2 JO Ji J2 MO MI Ln Type J thermocouple default Type K thermocouple Type T thermocouple C default K F Select simulated junction default Select real junction channel 1 for 2001 TCSCAN card Control specified channel of internal scan card where n 0 Open all channels 1 through 10 close specified channel Note For 4 wire ohms only channels through 5 are valid due to automatic channel pairing SRQ disabled default SRQ on overrange SRQ on data available SRQ on any error Note Add SRQ mask values for combinations Example 33 for SRQ on overrange or any error E IEEE 488 Bus Overview E 2 IEEE 488 Bus Overview Introduction Basically the IEEE 488 bus is simply a communication system betwee
46. Model 8605 High Performance Modular Test Leads Consists of two high voltage 1000V test probes and leads The test leads are terminated with a banana plug with retractable sheath on each end Model 8606 High Performance Probe Tip Kit Consists of two spade lugs two alligator clips and two spring hook test probes The spade lugs and alligator clips are rated at 30V RMS 42 4V peak the test probes are rated at 1000V These components are for use with high performance test leads terminated with banana plugs such as the Model 8605 The following test leads and probes are rated at 30V RMS 42 4V peak Models 5805 and 5805 12 Kelvin Probes Consists of two spring loaded Kelvin test probes with banana plug termination Designed for instruments that measure 4 terminal resistance The Model 5805 is 0 9m long the Model 5805 12 is 3 6m long Model 5806 Kelvin Clip Lead Set Includes two Kelvin clip test leads 0 9m with banana plug termination Designed for instruments that measure 4 terminal resistance set of eight replacement rubber bands is available as Keithley P N GA 22 Model 8604 SMD Probe Set Consists of two test leads 0 9m each terminated with a surface mount device grabber clip on one end and a banana plug with a retractable sheath on the other end 1 6 General Information Low thermal probes Model 8610 Low Thermal Shorting Plug Consists of four banana plugs mounted to a 1 inch square circuit board interconnec
47. Most commands have a query form Example TRIGger TIMer Queries the timer interval Most command that require a numeric parameter n can also use the DEFault MINimum and MAXimum parameters for the query form These query forms are used to determine the RST default value and the upper and lower limits for the fundamental command Examples TRIGger TIMer DEFault Queries the RST default value TRIGger TIMer MINimum Queries the lowest allowable value TRIGger TIMer MAXimum Queries the largest allowable value Case sensitivity Common commands and SCPI commands are not case sensitive You can use upper or lower case and any case combination Examples RST rst DATA data SYSTem PRESet system preset Long form and short form versions A SCPI command word can be sent in its long form or short form version The command subsystem tables in Section 5 provide the in the long form version However the short form version is indicated by upper case characters Examples SYSTem PRESet long form SYST PRES short form SYSTem PRES long form and short form combination Note that each command word must be in long form or short form and not something in be tween For example SYSTe PRESe is illegal and will generate an error The command will not be executed Remote Operation 4 35 Short form rules Use the following rules to determine the short form version of any SCPI command If the length of the command wo
48. Remote Operation ESR Event Status Register Query Read the standard event status register and clear it Description Use this command to acquire the value in decimal of the Standard Event Register see Figure 4 14 The binary equivalent of the returned decimal value determines which bits in the register are set The register is cleared on power up or when CLS is sent A set bit in this register indicates that a particular event has occurred For example for an acquired decimal value of 48 the binary equivalent is 00110000 From this binary value bits B4 and B5 of the Standard Event Status Register are set These bits indicate that a device dependent error and command error have occurred The bits of the Standard Event Status Register are described as follows Bit BO Operation Complete A set bit indicates that all pending selected device operations are completed and the Model 2000 is ready to accept new commands This bit only sets in response to the OPC query command Bit B1 Not used Bit B2 Query Error QYE A set bit indicates that you attempted to read data from an empty Output Queue Bit B3 Device dependent Error DDE A set bit indicates that an instrument operation did not execute properly due to some internal condition Bit B4 Execution Error EXE A set bit indicates that the Model 2000 detected an error while trying to execute a command Bit B5 Command Error CME A set bit indicates
49. Summary Bit QSB of Status Byte Register See Figure 4 10 Warn 2 Command Warning Cal Calibration Summary Temp Temperature Summary amp Logical AND OR Logical OR Measurement Event PVT oce TAB BHF BAV RAV HL LL ROF Enable B15 B12 B11 B10 B9 B8 B7 B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 B1 BO Register BFL Buffer Full HL High Limit BHF Buffer Half Full LL Low Limit BAV Buffer Available ROF Reading Overflow RAV Reading Available amp Logical AND OR Logical OR c Wan R Cal Temp __ Questionable B15 B14 B13 B9 gg B7 B5 B4 B3 BO Condition Register 0 y Y y Warn C Tem Questionable Event B15 B14 B13 B9 B B7 B5 B4 B3 BO Register 0 i A amp 0 Warn Cal Temp Questionable Event B15 B14 B13 B9 B8 B7 B5 B4 B3 Bo Enable Register 4 23 4 24 Remote Operation Queues The Model 2000 uses two queues which are first in first out FIFO registers Output Queue used to hold reading and response messages Error Queue used to hold error and status messages The Model 2000 Multimeter status model Figure 4 5 shows how the two queues are structured with the other registers Output queue The output queue holds data that pertains to the normal operation of the instrument For example when a query command is sent the respo
50. Uniline REN Remote Enable X Set up devices for remote operation EOI X Marks end of transmission IFC Interface Clear X Clears interface ATN Attention Low Defines data bus contents SRQ X Controlled by external device Multiline LLO Local Lockout Low Locks our local operation Universal DCL Device Clear Low Returns device to default conditions SPE Serial Enable Low Enables serial polling SPD Serial Poll Disable Low Disables serial polling Addressed SDC Selective Device Clear Low Returns unit to default conditions GTL Go To Local Low Returns device to local Unaddressed UNL Unlisten Low Removes all listeners from the bus UNT Untalk Low Removes any talkers from the bus Common High Programs IEEE 488 2 compatible instruments for common operations SCPI High Programs SCPI compatible instru ments for particular operations IEEE 488 Bus Overview E 9 Uniline commands ATN IFC and REN are asserted only by the controller SRQ is asserted by an external device EOI may be asserted either by the controller or other devices depending on the direction of data transfer The following is a description of each command Each command is sent by setting the corresponding bus line true REN Remote Enable REN is sent to set up instruments on the bus for remote operation When REN is true devices will be removed from the local mode Depending on device con used to positively identify the last byte i
51. a CEC IEEE 488 interface card with CEC driver version 2 11 or higher with the Model 2000 at address 16 on the IEEE 488 bus Changing function and range The Model 2000 has independent controls for each of its measurement functions This means for example that autorange can be turned on for DC voltage while leaving it off for AC voltage Another difference is in the parameter to the range command In other instruments a single number was used to denote each range The parameter of the SCPI RANGe command is given as the maximum value to measure The instrument interprets this parameter and goes to the appropriate range When you query the range with RANGe the instrument sends back the full scale value of its present range The following example program illustrates changing function and range It sets the range for several functions then takes readings on each of those functions Note that the Model 2000 rounds the range parameter to an integer before choosing the appropriate range Sending VOLTage DC RANGe 20 45 will set the Model 2000 to the 100V range Example Programs Example program to demonstrate changing function and range taking readings on various functions For QuickBASIC 4 5 and CEC PC488 interface card Edit the following line to where the QuickBASIC libraries are on your computer STNCLUDE c qb45 ieeeqb bi Initialize the CEC interface as address 21 CALL initialize 21 0 Reset the SENSel subsystem setti
52. an operation it is more efficient to program the 2000 to assert the IEEE 488 SRQ line when it is finished rather than repeatedly serial polling the instrument An IEEE 488 controller will typically address the instrument to talk then unaddress it each time it performs a serial poll Repeated polling of the Model 2000 will generally reduce its overall reading throughput Therefore use the srg function call The Model 2000 provides a status bit for nearly every operation it performs It can be programmed to assert the IEEE 488 SRQ line whenever a status bit becomes true or false The IEEE 488 controller your computer can examine the state of the SRQ line without performing a serial poll thereby detecting when the 2000 has completed its task without interrupting it in the process The following example program segment sets up the Model 2000 to assert SRQ when the reading buffer has completely filled then arms the reading buffer initiates readings and waits for the Model 2000 to indicate that the buffer is full This is not a complete program Not shown are the commands to configure the trigger model and the reading buffer see the next example The example shown here can be modified for any event in the Model 2000 status reporting system Reset STATus subsystem not affected by RST CALL SEND 16 stat pres cls status CALL SEND 16 stat meas enab 512 status enable BFL CALL SEND 16 sre 1 status enable MSB CALL S
53. and lower limit for LIMITI The actual limit depends on which measurement function is currently selected For example a limit value of 1 is 1V for the volts functions DCV or ACV 1A for the current functions DCI or ACI 1O on the ohms functions 2 or 4 and 1 C F or K for the temperature function TEMP A limit value is not range sensitive A limit of 1 for DCV is 1V on all measurement ranges SCPI Command Reference 5 23 STATE b CALCulate3 LIMit 1 STATE b Control LIMIT1 test Parameters lt b gt 0 or off Disable limit test 1 or on Enable limit test Query STATe Query state on or off of limit test Description This command is used to enable or disable the LIMITI test When enabled the test sequence for limits will be performed every time the instrument performs a measurement A failed indication see FAIL for LIMITI is cleared when the limit test is disabled FAIL CALCulate3 LIMit 1 FAIL Read LIMIT1 test result Description This command is used to read the results of the LIMITI test 0 Limit test failed 1 Limit test passed The response message 0 or 1 only tells you if a limit test has passed or failed It does not tell you which limit upper or lower has failed To determine which limit has failed you will have to read the Measurement Event Register Reading the results of a limit test does not clear the fail indication of the test A failure can be cleared by using a CLEar command or b
54. capabilities T5 exist only after the instrument has been addressed to talk L Listener Function The ability for the instrument to receive device dependent data over the bus from other devices is provided by the L function Listener capabilities L4 of the instrument exist only after it has been addressed to listen SR Service Request Function SR1 defines the ability of the instrument to request service from the controller RL Remote Local Function RL1 defines the ability of the instrument to be placed in the remote or local modes E 16 IEEE 488 Bus Overview PP Parallel Poll Function The instrument does not have parallel polling capabilities PPO DC Device Clear Function DC1 defines the ability of the instrument to be cleared initialized DT Device Trigger Function DTI defines the ability of the Model 2002 to have readings triggered C Controller Function The instrument does not have controller capabilities CO TE Extended Talker Function The instrument does not have extended talker capabilities TEO LE Extended Listener Function The instrument does not have extended listener capabilities LEO E Bus Driver Type The instrument has open collector bus drivers E1 IEEE 488 and SCPI Conformance Information F 2 IEEE 488 and SCPI Conformance Information Introduction The IEEE 488 2 standard requires specific information about how the Model 2000 imp
55. channel this command will not open is channel 11 This channel is the 2 pole 4 pole relay and is controlled by the multiple channel commands See Multiple channel control for details on controlling channel 11 Sending rout open all disables scan operation sets LSELect to NONE see Scan commands The following commands let you close one or more channels at the same time They also let you manually select the 2 pole or 4 pole mode of operation CLOSe lt list gt ROUTe MULTiple CLOSe lt list gt Close specified channels Parameter lt list gt chanlist Specify channels to close where chanlist is the list of channels 1 through 11 to be closed This command lets you have multiple channels closed at the same time When this command is sent the channels specified in the chanlist close SCPI Command Reference 5 33 Pole mode is not affected by the selected measurement function Instead it is selected by controlling channel 11 which is the 2 pole 4 pole relay Closing channel 11 selects the 2 pole mode When channel 11 is open the 4 pole mode is selected Use the rout multiple open list command to open channel 11 Examples of a list list 1 3 5 Channels 1 3 and 5 1 5 Channels 1 through 5 When this command is sent the front panel channel number annunciators are disabled Use the following query command to determine which channels are closed CLOSe STATe ROUTe MULTiple CLOSe STATe Query closed
56. channels Description This query command is used to determine which channels on the internal scanner card are closed After sending this command and addressing the instrument to talk a list of all closed channels is sent to the computer OPEN lt list gt ROUTe MULTiple OPEN lt list gt Open specified channels Parameter lt list gt chanlist Specify channels to open where chanlist is the list of channels 1 through 11 to be opened Description This command is used to open specified channels on the internal scanner card When this command is sent the channels specified in the chanlist will open Channel 11 is the 2 pole 4 pole relay Opening channel 11 selects the 4 pole operating mode Examples of a list list 1 3 5 Channels 1 3 and 5 91 5 Channels 1 through 5 5 34 SCPI Command Reference SCAN commands INTernal lt list gt ROUTe SCAN INTernal lt list gt Define internal scan list and enable scan Parameter lt list gt scanlist Query Description where scanlist is the specified list of channels 1 through 10 to be scanned INTernal Query programmed scan list This command is used to define the scan list for the internal scanner card The scan list can contain 2 to 10 channels The following examples demonstrate the various forms for expressing a scan list list 2 3 4 Channels separated by commas 1 8 Range of channels 1 through 8 Range limits separated b
57. characteristics accuracy A 6 Calculating DC characteristics accuracy A 5 Calibration 3 30 Carrying case 1 6 Case sensitivity 4 34 Changing function and range C 2 Command codes E 11 Command execution rules 4 37 Command path rules 4 37 Command words 4 32 Commands and command parameters 4 32 Common Commands 4 39 Common commands E 11 Condition registers 4 20 Configuration 2 27 2 28 2 30 CONFigure Command 5 2 Connection precautions 3 20 Connections 2 16 2 20 2 22 2 25 2 26 2 31 2 32 Control source and event detection 3 8 Controlling the Model 2000 via the RS 232 COM2 port C 12 Counters 3 10 Crest factor 2 17 Data lines E 6 dB calculation 2 30 dBm calculation 2 29 DCL device clear 4 16 Delay 3 9 Device actions 3 10 Digits 3 5 Display 2 16 DISPlay subsystem 5 25 Enable registers 4 21 Enabling limits 3 19 Error and status messages 4 18 Error messages 4 8 Error queue 4 24 Event registers 4 20 Example Programs C 1 External scanning 3 28 External trigger 3 12 External triggering 3 11 External triggering example 3 12 External triggering with BNC connections 3 16 Feature overview 1 2 FETCh command 5 3 Filter 3 3 Filter types 3 4 Fluke Model 8840A 8842A Digital Multimeter 4 5 Front panel GPIB operation 4 18 Front panel scanner controls 3 21 Front panel summary 2 3 Gate time 2 24 General Bus Commands 4 14 General Bus Commands and Associated Statements 4 14 General Inform
58. command is used to specify the dBm reference impedance level When dBm units is selected ACV dBm measurements are made using the specified dBm reference impedance The reference impedance is specified in ohms and is not range dependent For example a dBm reference level of 600 is 600 on all ACV measurement ranges A rational number is rounded to the nearest valid integer value 5 70 SCPI Command Reference DC name UNIT VOLTage DC lt name gt Specify DCV units Parameters lt name gt V DC voltage measurement units DB dB DC voltage measurement units DBM dBm DC voltage measurement units Query DC Query DC voltage units Description This command is used to select the units for DCV measurements With volt V units selected normal DC voltage measurements are made for the DCV function With DB units selected DC dB voltage measurements are performed The DBM units selection is used to make decibel measurements referenced to ImW dB and dBm measurements are explained further in Section 2 DB REFerence lt n gt UNIT VOLTage DC DB REFerence lt n gt Specify dBm reference Parameter n le 7 to 1000 Specify reference in volts Query REFerence Description This command is used to specify the dB reference level When DB units is selected VOLTage DC DB DCV dB measurements are made using the specified dB reference level The reference level is specified in volts and is not range dependent For example a dB refere
59. connector pinout Pin number Description 1 no connection 2 TXD transmit data 3 RXD receive data 4 no connection 5 GND signal ground 6 no connection 7 CTS clear to send 8 RTS ready to send 9 no connection CTS and RTS signals are not used Error messages See Appendix B for RS 232 error messages Remote Operation 4 9 GPIB bus operation and reference Introduction This section contains information about connecting to and using the GPIB IEEE 488 bus The information is organized as follows GPIB bus standards GPIB bus connections e Selecting the primary address e QuickBASIC 4 5 programming General bus commands e Front panel GPIB operation GPIB bus standards The GPIB bus is the IEEE 488 instrumentation data bus with hardware and programming standards originally adopted by the IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers in 1975 The Model 2000 multimeter conforms to these standards TEEE 488 1987 1 JTEEE 488 1987 2 This standard defines a syntax for sending data to and from instruments how an instrument interprets this data what registers should exist to record the state of the instrument and a group of common commands e SCPI 1991 Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments This standard defines a command language protocol It goes one step farther than IEEE 488 1987 2 and defines a standard set of commands to control every programmable aspect of an instrument
60. cycles 0 01 to 10 1 Y NPLCycles Query line cycle integration rate Y RANGe Path to configure measurement range Y UPPer n Select range 0 to 101e6 100e6 Y UPPer Query range Y AUTO lt b gt Enable or disable auto range ON Y AUTO Query auto range Y REFerence n Specify reference 0 to 101e6 0 y STATe lt b gt Enable or disable reference OFF y STATe Query state of reference y ACQuire Use input signal as reference REFerence Query reference value Y DIGits n Specify measurement resolution 4 to 7 7 DIGits Query resolution AVERage Path to configure and control filter TCONtrol name Select filter type MOVing or REPeat Note TCONtrol Query filter type COUNt lt n gt Specify filter count 1 to 100 10 COUNt Query filter count STATe lt b gt Enable or disable filter OFF STATe Query state of digital filter Table 5 6 cont SENSe command summary SCPI Command Reference 5 13 Command Description Detault SCPI parameter TEMPerature Path to configure temperature NPLCycles lt n gt Set integration rate line cycles 0 01 to 10 1 NPLCycles Query line cycle integration rate REFerence lt n gt Specify reference 200 to 1372 0 STATe lt b gt Enable or disable reference OFF STATe Query state of reference ACQuire Use input signal as reference REFerence Query reference value DIGits n Specify measurement resolution 4 t
61. effect on the temperature continuity and diode test functions Filter FILTER lets you set the filter response to stabilize noisy measurements The Model 2000 uses a digital filter which is based on reading conversions The displayed stored or transmitted reading is simply an average of a number of reading conversions from 1 to 100 To select a filter 1 Press FILTER once if the FILT annunciator is off press twice if FILT is on 2 Enter the number of readings 3 Select the type of filter you want moving average or repeating then press ENTER The FILT annunciator turns on When a filter is enabled the selected filter configuration for that measurement function is in effect Pressing FILTER once disables the filter NOTE The filter can be set for any measurement function except frequency period continuity and diode test 3 4 Measurement Options Filter types The moving average filter Figure 3 1 uses a first in first out stack When the stack becomes full the measurement conversions are averaged yielding a reading For each subsequent conversion placed into the stack the oldest conversion is discarded and the stack is re averaged yielding a new reading For the repeating filter Figure 3 1 the stack is filled and the conversions are averaged to yield a reading The stack is then cleared and the process starts over Choose this filter for scan ning so readings from other channels are not averaged with the
62. following 1l Press SHIFT then 2 Use the A and V keys to scroll through the three test current selections The diode test measures voltages on the 3V range for the 1mA test current and the 10V range for the 100nA and 10pA ranges If a reading is more than 10V the Model 2000 displays the OVERFLOW status message Measurement Options 3 2 Measurement Options Introduction This section describes the front panel features of the Model 2000 For those measurement options accessible only by a remote interface refer to Sections 4 and 5 This section is organized as follows Measurement configuration Describes ranging filtering relative readings digits of resolution and measurement rate Trigger operations Uses a trigger model to explain trigger modes and sources Buffer operations Discusses the reading storage buffer and buffer statistics Limit operations Defines how to set reading limits Scan operations Explains the internal and external scanning capabilities e System operations Gives details on setup saving and restoring selecting a remote interface and accessing test and calibration Measurement configuration The following paragraphs discuss configuring the multimeter for making measurements See the end of Appendix A for information about optimizing readings for speed or accuracy Range The selected measurement range affects both the ultimate digits and accuracy of the meas
63. follows READing Instrument reading The resolution of this reading tracks the display resolution of the instrument An overflow reading reads as 9 9e37 with no units CHANnel Corresponds the instrument reading to the channel number of a switching card If not scanning the channel number is 0 UNITs This element attaches the function unit to the reading and the channel unit internal or external to the channel number An internal channel refers to an internally installed switching card channel while an external channel refers to the channel for an external switch system This element is not available for the binary formats The ASCII format shown in Figure 5 11 shows the byte order of the data string Keep in mind that the byte order can only be reversed for the binary formats When using this command to add an element you must include all elements that you want in the format For example if the reading is already specified and you want to add the channel you must include the READing parameter form elem chan read Data elements for the item list can be listed in any order but are always sent in the order shown in Figure 5 1 ROUTe subsystem SCPI Command Reference 5 31 The commands in this subsystem are used to configure and control switching and are summarized in Table 5 5 Single channel or channel pair control Like operation from the front panel the following commands let you close a single channel or c
64. has a condition register A condition register is similar to its corresponding event register except that it is a real time register that constantly updates to reflect the current operating status of the instrument See EVENt for register bit descriptions After sending one of these commands and addressing the Model 2000 to talk a decimal value is sent to the computer The binary equivalent of this decimal value indicates which bits in the register are set For example if sending stat meas cond returns a decimal value of 512 binary 0000001000000000 bit B9 of the Measurement Condition Register is set indicating that the trace buffer is full Return registers to default conditions When this command is sent the SCPI event registers are affected as follows All bits of the following registers are cleared to zero 0 Questionable Event Enable Register Measurement Event Enable Register Operation Event Enable Register NOTE Registers not included in the above list are not affected by this command SCPI Command Reference 5 55 QUEue commands NEXT STATus QUEue NEXT Read Error Queue Description As error and status messages occur they are placed into the Error Queue This query command is used to read those messages The Error Queue is a first in first out FIFO register Every time you read the queue the oldest message is read and that message is then removed from the queue The queue will hold up to
65. in the idle state All math calculations are disabled Buffer operation is disabled A storage operation currently in process will be aborted Autozero is set to the RST default value Alloperations associated with switching cards scanning are disabled This command is automatically asserted when the MEASure command is sent PRINT 1 output 16 conf volt dc Perform CONFigure operations This query command requests the latest post processed reading After sending this command and addressing the Model 2000 to talk the reading is sent to the computer This command does not affect the instrument setup This command does not trigger a measurement The command simply requests the last available reading Note that this command can repeatedly return the same reading Until there is a new reading this command continues to return the old reading If your application requires a fresh reading use the DATA FRESh command see the SENSe Subsystem command This command is automatically asserted when the READ or MEASure command is sent NOTE If external rapid triggers are applied the unit may not return readings when using FETCh 5 4 SCPI Command Reference READ command READ Description Typically this command is used with the instrument in the one shot measurement mode to trigger and acquire a specified number of readings The SAMPle COUNt command is used to specify the number
66. instruments and accessories would normally be used with non hazardous voltages there are situations where hazardous conditions may be present This product is intended for use by qualified personnel who recognize shock hazards and are familiar with the safety precautions required to avoid possible injury Read and follow all installation operation and maintenance information carefully before using the product Refer to the manual for complete product specifications If the product is used in a manner not specified the protection provided by the product may be impaired The types of product users are Responsible body is the individual or group responsible for the use and maintenance of equipment for ensuring that the equip ment is operated within its specifications and operating limits and for ensuring that operators are adequately trained Operators use the product for its intended function They must be trained in electrical safety procedures and proper use of the instrument They must be protected from electric shock and contact with hazardous live circuits Maintenance personnel perform routine procedures on the product to keep it operating properly for example setting the line voltage or replacing consumable materials Maintenance procedures are described in the manual The procedures explicitly state if the operator may perform them Otherwise they should be performed only by service personnel Service personnel are trained to work o
67. notes carefully to see if any derating factors apply Specifications A 8 Optimizing measurement accuracy The configurations listed below assume that the multimeter has had factory setups restored DC voltage DC current and resistance Select 6 2 digits 10 PLC filter ON up to 100 readings fixed range e Use REL on DC voltage and 2 wire resistance measurements e Use 4 wire resistance measurements for best accuracy AC voltage and AC current Select 6 digits 10 PLC filter ON up to 100 readings fixed range Temperature e Select 6 digits 10 PLC filter ON up to 100 readings Optimizing measurement speed The configurations listed below assume that the multimeter has had factory setups restored DC voltage DC current and resistance Select 3 digits 0 01 PLC filter OFF fixed range AC voltage and AC current Select 3 digits 0 01 PLC filter OFF fixed range Temperature e Select 3 digits 0 01 PLC filter OFF For all functions turn off the display and autozero and set the trigger delay to zero Use the SAMPIe COUNt and READ bus commands Status and Error Messages B 2 Status and Error Messages Table B 1 Status and error messages Number Description Event 440 Query unterminated after indefinite response EE 430 Query deadlocked EE 420 Query unterminated EE 410 Query interrupted EE 363 Input buffer overrun SYS 350 Queue overflow SYS 330 Self test failed EE
68. of events When a bit in an event enable register is cleared 0 the corresponding bit in the event register is masked and thus cannot set the corresponding summary bit of the next register set in the status structure Conversely when a bit in an event enable register is set 1 the corresponding bit in the event register is unmasked When the unmasked bit in the event register sets the summary bit of the next register set in the status structure will set The decimal weighting of the bits for each event enable register are included in Figure 5 7 Figure 5 8 and Figure 5 9 The sum of the decimal weights of the bits that you wish to set is sent as the parameter lt NRf gt for the appropriate ENABle command For example to set the BFL and RAV bits of the Measurement Event Enable Register send the following command stat meas enab 544 Bit Position B15 B12 Event Decimal Weighting Value REL where BFL bit B9 Decimal 512 RAV bit B5 2 Decimal 32 lt NRf gt 544 B11 B10 B9 B8 B7 B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 B1 BO BFL BHF BAV RAV HL LL ROF 1512 256 128 32 4 2 1 2 8 7 5 2 2 0 1 1 1 1 O 1 0 1 0 1 Value 1 Enable Measurement Event Events BFL Buffer Full 0 Disable Mask Measurement Event BHF Buffer Hal
69. of readings see Trigger Subsystem Note that the readings are stored in the buffer When this command is sent the following commands execute in the order that they are presented ABORt INITiate FETCh When ABORt is executed if continuous initiation is disabled the instrument goes into the idle state If continuous initiation is enabled the operation re starts at the beginning of the Trigger Model If the instrument is in the idle state INITiate takes the instrument out of the idle state If continuous initiation is enabled INITiate CONTinuous ON then the INITiate command generates an error and ignores the command See the FETCh command for more details Note that an Init ignored error will not cancel the execution of the FETCh command NOTE You cannot use the READ command if sample count gt l see Trigger Subsystem and there are readings stored in the buffer error 225 out of memory Either set sample count to one or clear the buffer See Appendix C for an example program using the READ command SCPI Command Reference 5 5 MEASure command MEASure function Description function CURRent AC AC current CURRent DC DC current VOLTage AC AC voltage VOLTage DC DC voltage RESistance 2 wire resistance FRESistance 4 wire resistance PERiod Period FREQuency Frequency TEMPerature Temperature DIODe Diode testing CONTinuity Continuity test This command combines all of the other
70. over the bus to remove the instrument from the idle state e INITiate e INITiate CONTinuous ON With continuous initiation enabled INITiate CONTinuous ON the instrument will not remain in the idle state after all programmed operations are completed However you can return the instrument to the idle state at any time by sending any of these commands e RST ABORt RCL e SYST PRES Trigger model operation Once the instrument is taken out of idle operation proceeds through the trigger model down to the device action In general the device action includes a measurement and when scanning closes the next channel Control Source As shown in Figure 4 11 a control source is used to hold up operation until the programmed event occurs The control source options are explained as follows IMMediate Event detection is immediately satisfied allowing operation to continue e MANual Event detection is satisfied by pressing the TRIG key The Model 2000 Multimeter must be in LOCAL mode for it to respond to the TRIG key Press the LOCAL key or send LOCAL 16 over the bus to remove the instrument from the remote mode TIMer Event detection is immediately satisfied on the initial pass through the loop Each subsequent detection is satisfied when the programmed timer interval 0 to 999999 999 seconds elapses The timer source is only available during step scan operation The timer resets to its initial state when the in
71. prefix Reading and channel with prefix Reading and channel without prefix Reading buffer location and channel with prefix Reading buffer location and channel without prefix Disable Reading overflow Data store full Data store half full Reading done Ready Error Enable EOI and bus hold off on X Disable EOI enable bus hold off on X Enable EOI disable bus hold off on X Disable both EOI and bus hold off on X D 4 Models 196 199 and 8840A 8842A Commands Table D 1 cont Models 196 199 device dependent command summary Mode Command Description Terminator YO CR LF YI LF CR Y2 CR Y3 LF Status UO Send machine status word 199 format only Ul Send error conditions only supports no scanner IDDC IDDCO U2 Send Translator word list since Translator is not sup ported replies with one space character U3 Send buffer size U4 Send current value of V 199 format equivalent to U7 for 196 U5 Send input switch status front rear 199 format equivalent to U8 for 196 U6 Send simulated temperature set by HO Multiplex AO Auto Cal multiplex disabled Al Auto Cal multiplex enabled Delay Wn n delay period in milliseconds Omsec to 999999msec Display Da Display up to 12 character message a character D Cancel display mode Scanning NO Open all stop scanning or stepping if applicable NI Close channel 1 N2 Close channel 2 N3 Close channel 3 N4 Close channel 4 N5 Close channel
72. presently displayed reading ROUT CLOS ROUT SCAN LSEL NONE ROUT OPEN ALL ROUT SCAN LSEL NONE ROUT SCAN INT ROUT SCAN LSEL INT Valid function command words i e WOLT DC VOLT AC etc F3 F 4 IEEE 488 and SCPI Conformance Information Symbols CLS Clear Status 4 40 ESE Event Enable 4 40 ESE Event Enable Query 4 40 ESR Event Status Register Query 4 42 DN Identification Query 4 43 OPC Operation Complete 4 44 OPC Operation Complete Query 4 46 OPT Option Identification Query 4 47 RCL Recall 4 47 RST RESET 4 48 SAV Save 4 48 SRE Service Request Enable 4 48 SRE Service Request Enable Query 4 48 STB Status Byte Query 4 50 TRG Trigger 4 51 TST Self Test Query 4 51 WAI Wait to Continue 4 52 5 5 command 5 50 Numerics CALCulate 5 19 About program fragments 4 13 AC voltage offset 2 19 Accuracy calculations A 5 Additional derating factors A 7 Address commands E 10 Addressed multiline commands E 10 AMPS fuse replacement 2 21 Autoranging 3 3 Bandwidth 3 7 Bandwidth command 5 46 Basic Measurements 2 1 Buffer operations 3 16 Buffer statistics 3 18 Bus commands E 8 Bus description E 4 Buslines E 6 Bus management lines E 6 Cables and adapters 1 6 Calculate subsystem 5 19 Calculating AC characteristics accuracy A 5 Calculating dB characteristics accuracy A 7 Calculating dBm
73. result of the calculation Percent This item selects the percentage calculation and lets you specify a reference value The displayed reading will be expressed as a percent deviation from the reference value The percentage calculation is performed as follows Input Reference Percent Reference x 10096 where Input is the normal display reading Reference is the user entered constant Percent is the displayed result Configuration To configure the percent calculation perform the following steps 1 Press SHIFT then to display the present value REF 1 000000 Basic Measurements 2 29 2 Enter a reference sign value and units prefix Use the lt and keys to choose a numerical place and use the A and W keys to increment or decrement the digits 3 Press ENTER when done The Model 2000 will display the result of the calculation The result is positive when the input exceeds the reference and negative when the input is less than the reference Engineering units are used to show values in the range 1 nano to 1000G Exponential notation is used above that range dBm calculation dBm is defined as decibels above or below a 1mW reference With a user programmable reference impedance the Model 2000 reads OdBm when the voltage needed to dissipate 1mW through the reference impedance is applied The relationship between dBm a reference impedance and the voltage is defined by the following equation 2 Yin Zxep
74. samp coun 5 Program for 5 measurements and stop idle PRINT 1 output 16 init opc Start measurements and send opc PRINT 1 enter 16 Get response when 2000 goes into idle LINE INPUT 2 aS Read contents of Output Queue PRINT aS Display the ASCII 1 OPT Option Identification Query Determine if an option is installed Description The response message indicates the presence or absence of an optional scanner card For example 0 No scanner card installed 200X SCAN Scanner card installed RCL Recall Return to setup stored in memory Parameters lt NRf gt 0 Description Use this command to return the Model 2000 to the configuration stored in memory The SAV command is used to store the setup configuration in memory location Only one setup configuration can be saved and recalled The Model 2000 ships from the factory with SYSTen PRESet defaults loaded into the available setup memory If a recall error occurs the setup memory defaults to the SYSTem PRESet values 4 48 Remote Operation RST RESET Return 2000 to RST defaults Description When the RST command is sent the Model 2000 performs the following operations 1 Returns the Model 2000 to the RST default conditions see SCPI tables 2 Cancels all pending commands 3 Cancels response to any previously received OPC and OPC commands SAV Save Save present setup in memory Parameters lt NRf gt 0 Description
75. serial poll sequence of the Model 2000 If an SRQ does not occur bit B6 RQS of the Status Byte Register will remain cleared and the program will simply proceed normally after the serial poll is performed If an SRQ does occur bit B6 of the Status Byte Register will set and the program can branch to a service subroutine when the SRQ is detected by the serial poll The serial poll automatically resets RQS of the Status Byte Register This allows subsequent serial polls to monitor bit B6 for an SRQ occurrence generated by other event types After a serial poll the same event can cause another SRQ even if the event register that caused the first SRQ has not been cleared A serial poll clears RQS but does not clear MSS The MSS bit stays set until all Status Byte event summary bits are cleared The following QuickBASIC 4 5 program using the KPC 488 2 interface and the CECHP driver demonstrates how serial poll can be used to detect an SRQ CLS OPEN ieee FOR OUTPUT AS 1 OPEN ieee FOR INPUT AS 2 PRINT 1 output 16 cls Clear Status Byte Register PRINT 41 output 16 ese 32 Unmask command errors PRINT 1 output 16 sre 32 Unmask event summary message PRINT 1 output 16 ese Error missing parameter SLEEP 1 PRINT 41 SPOLL 02 Serial poll 2000 INPUT 2 S Read Status Byte Register S S OR 191 OR register with a mask IF S 255 THEN GOSUB srq Go to subroutine to acknowledge SRQ END IF PRINT END
76. signal as reference REFerence Query reference value DIGits lt n gt Specify measurement resoltuion 4 to 7 7 DIGits Query resolution 5 14 SCPI Command Reference Table 5 6 cont SENSe command summary Command Description Default SCPI parameter PERiod Path to configure period APERture Sets gate time for period measurements 0 01 1 0s APERture Query period gate time THReshold Path to select the threshold voltage range VOLTage RANGe n Select threshold range 0 to 1010 10 RANGe Query threshold range REFerence n Specify reference 0 to 1 0 STATe lt b gt Enable or disable reference OFF STATe Query state of reference ACQuire Use input signal as reference REFerence Query reference value DIGits lt n gt Specify measurement resolution 4 to 7 7 DIGits Query resolution DIODe Paths to configure diode test CURRent RANGe Path to select range UPPer lt NRf gt Select range 0 to 1e 3 le 3 UPPer Query range CONTinuity Path to configure continuity test THReshold lt NRf gt Set threshold resistance 1 to 1000 10 THReshold Query threshold resistance Note REPeat is the RST default and MOVing is the SYSTem PRESet default Table 5 7 STATus command summary SCPI Command Reference 5 15 Command Description pun SCPI parameter STATus Note 1 Y MEASurement Path to control measurement event
77. signal oriented measurement commands to perform a one shot measurement and acquire the reading When this command is sent the following commands execute in the order that they are presented ABORt CONFigure lt function gt READ When ABORt is executed if continuous initiation is disabled the instrument goes into the idle state If continuous initiation is enabled the operation re starts at the beginning of the Trigger Model When CONFigure is executed the instrument goes into a one shot measurement mode See CONFigure for more details When READ is executed its operations will then be performed In general another ABORt is performed then an INITiate and finally a FETCh to acquire the reading See READ for more details 5 6 SCPI Command Reference SCPI command subsystems reference tables Table 5 2 through Table 5 11 summarize the commands for each SCPI sub system The following list includes the SCPI subsystem commands and the table number where each command is summarized CALCulate command summary Table 5 2 DISPlay command summary Table 5 3 FORMat command summary Table 5 4 ROUTe command summary Table 5 5 SENSe command summary Table 5 6 STATus command summary Table 5 7 SYSTem command summary Table 5 8 TRACe command summary Table 5 9 Trigger command summary Table 5 10 UNIT command summary Table 5 11 General notes Brackets are used to denote optional character set
78. source event detection is immediately satisfied on the initial pass Each subsequent detection is satisfied when the programmed timer interval up to 99H 99M 99 99S elapses Reading counter For both stepping and scanning the reading count can be entered from SHIFT CONFIG This is referred to as the trigger counter over the bus The reading counter can bypass the idle state Operation will wait until the programmed control source event occurs e Channel counter For scanning the scan list length maximum channel less minimum channel is used to bypass the control source allowing a specified number of device actions to occur This counter is referred to as the sample counter over the bus These additional blocks are shown in the trigger models of Figure 3 12 and Figure 3 13 Uses of the timer control source reading counter and channel counter are shown in the scanning examples later in this section Figure 3 12 ide t Front panel triggering with stepping Yes More di T Readings Reading 2 Count Y Trigger counter Control Event Source Detection Immediate External Y Timer Output Delay Trigger purius ction Measurement Options 3 23 Figure 3 13 C idle Front panel triggering with scanning Yes More Reading Readings Count Y Trigger counter Control Event Source Det
79. specified threshold level 5 50 SCPI Command Reference STATus subsystem The STATus subsystem is used to control the status registers of the Model 2000 The commands in this subsystem are summarized in Table 5 7 EVENt command EVENt STATus MEASurement EVENt Read Measurement Event Register STATus OPERation EVENt Read Operation Event Register STATus QUEStionable EVENt Read Questionable Event Register Description These query commands are used to read the event registers After sending one of these commands and addressing the Model 2000 to talk a decimal value is sent to the computer The binary equivalent of this value determines which bits in the appropriate register are set The event registers are shown in Figure 5 4 Figure 5 5 and Figure 5 6 Note that reading an event register clears the bits in that register For example assume that reading the Measurement Event Register results in an acquired decimal value of 544 The binary equivalent is 0000001000100000 For this binary value bits B5 and B9 of the Measurement Event Register are set Measurement Event Register Bit BO Reading Overflow ROF Set bit indicates that the reading exceeds the measurement range of the instrument Bit B1 Low Limit LL Set bit indicates that the reading is less than the Low Limit 1 setting Bit B2 High Limit HL Set bit indicates that the reading is greater than the High Limit 1 setting Bits B3 and B
80. that a command error has occurred Command errors include IEEE 488 2 syntax error Model 2000 received a message that does not follow the defined syntax of the IEEE 488 2 standard Semantic error Model 2000 received a command that was misspelled or received an optional IEEE 488 2 command that is not implemented The instrument received a Group Execute Trigger GET inside a program message Bit B6 User Request URQ A set bit indicates that the LOCAL key on the Model 2000 front panel was pressed Bit B7 Power ON PON A set bit indicates that the Model 2000 has been turned off and turned back on since the last time this register has been read Remote Operation 4 43 Figure 4 14 Standard event status Bit Position B7 register Event PON URQ Decimal Weighting 128 Q7 Value 0 1 Note Bits B8 through B15 are not shown since they are not used Value 1 Event Bit Set Events PON Power On 0 Event Bit Cleared URQ User Request CME Command Error EXE Execution Error DDE Device dependent Error QYE Query Error OPC Operation Complete IDN Identification Query Read the identification code Description The identification code includes the manufacturer model number serial number and firmware revision levels and is sent in the following format KEITHLEY INSTRUMENTS INC MODEL 2000 xxxxxxx yyyyy zzzzz Where XXXXXXX is the serial number yyyyy zzzzz
81. the specified function FETCh Requests the latest reading without triggering READ Performs an ABORt INITiate and a FETCh MEASure lt function gt Performs an ABORt CONFigure lt function gt and a READ CONFigure Command CONFigure lt function gt lt function gt CURRent AC AC current CURRent DC DC current VOLTage AC AC voltage VOLTage DC DC voltage RESistance 2 wire resistance FRESistance 4 wire resistance PERiod Period FREQuency Frequency TEMPerature Temperature DIODe Diode testing CONTinuity Continuity test Query CONFigure Query the selected function Description Program FETCh command FETCh Description SCPI Command Reference 5 3 This command configures the instrument for subsequent measurements on the specified function Basically this command places the instrument in a one shot measurement mode You then use the READ command to trigger a measurement and acquire a reading see READ When this command is sent the Model 2000 will be configured as follows The function specified by this command is selected All controls related to the selected function are defaulted to the RST values e Continuous initiation is disabled INITiate CONTinuous OFF The control source of the Trigger Model is set to Immediate The count values of the Trigger Model are set to one The delay of the Trigger Model is set to zero The Model 2000 is placed
82. with your thumb and rotate the fuse carrier one quarter turn counter clockwise Release pressure on the jack and its internal spring will push the jack out of the socket 3 Remove the fuse and replace it with the same type 3A 250V fast blow 5 x 20mm The Keithley part number is FU 99 1 No CAUTION Do not use a fuse with a higher current rating than specified or instrument damage may occur If the instrument repeatedly blows fuses locate and correct the cause of the trouble before replacing the fuse See the optional Model 2000 Repair Manual for troubleshooting information 4 Install the new fuse by reversing the procedure above See Section 3 Measurement Options for information that explains the configuration options for DC and AC current measurements 2 22 Basic Measurements Measuring resistance The Model 2000 can make 2 wire and 4 wire resistance measurements from 100 Q to 120MQ Connections Assuming factory default conditions the basic procedure is as follows 1 Connect test leads to the Model 2000 as follows A For Q2 wire connect the test leads to INPUT HI and LO B For O4 wire connect the test leads to INPUT HI and LO and SENSE 24 WIRE HI and LO Recommended Kelvin test probes include the Keithley Models 5805 and 5806 Either the front or rear inputs can be used place the INPUTS button in the appropriate position 2 Select the measurement function by pressing Q2 or O4 3 Pressing AUTO toggles a
83. you have pressed ENTER the unit automatically displays the address selection 3 Use the lt q and gt keys to toggle from ADDRess to the numeric entry Notice the values are blinking 4 Use the A and V keys to change the numeric entries to the desired address 5 Press ENTER See Section Four Remote Operation for more GPIB information Warm up time The Model 2000 is ready for use as soon as the power up sequence has completed However to achieve rated accuracy allow the instrument to warm up for one hour If the instrument has been subjected to extreme temperatures allow additional time for internal temperatures to stabilize 2 16 Basic Measurements Display The display of the Model 2000 is primarily used to display readings along with the units and type of measurement Annunciators are located on the top bottom right and left of the reading or message display The annunciators indicate various states of operation See Figure 2 1 for a complete listing of annunciators Status and error messages Status and error messages are displayed momentarily During Model 2000 operation and programming you will encounter a number of front panel messages Typical messages are either of status or error variety as listed in Appendix B Measuring voltage The Model 2000 can make DCV measurements from 0 1uV to 1000V and ACV measurements from 0 1uV to 750V RMS 1000V peak Connections Assuming factory default condition
84. 0 0000 KQ 100mQ 10 pA 20 6 80 10 100 10 841 1 000000 MQ 1 Q 10 pA 20 6 80 10 100 10 841 10 00000 MQ 10 Q 700 nA 10MQ 150 6 200 10 400 10 70 1 100 0000 MQ 6 100 Q 700 nA 10MQ 800 30 1500 30 1500 30 38541 Current 10 00000 mA 10 nA 0 15V 60 4 30 300 4 80 500 80 5045 100 0000 mA 100 nA 0 03V 100 300 300 800 500 800 50 50 1 000000 A 1 pA 03V 200 30 500 80 800 80 50 5 3 00000 A 10 pA 1 V 1000 15 1200 40 1200 40 50 5 Continuity 2W 1kQ 100mQ 1mA 40 4 100 100 100 120 100 841 Diode Test 3 00000 V 10 pV 1mA 2046 3047 4047 841 10 00000 V 10 pV 100 uA 2046 3047 4047 841 10 00000 V 10 pV 10 pA 2046 3047 40 7 841 DC OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS SPEED AND NOISE REJECTION FUNCTION DIGITS READINGS s PLCs RMS NOISE DCV all ranges 6143 4 5 10 RATE READINGS S DIGITS 10V RANGE NMRR CMRR DCI all ranges and 61437 30 1 10 PLC 5 6 lt 15pV 60 dB 140 dB Ohms lt 10M range 61555 50 1 1 PLC 50 6 AyV 60 dB 140 dB 5153 5 270 0 1 0 1 PLC 500 5 lt 22 pV 80 dB 5155 500 0 1 0 01 PLC 2000 42 150 uV 80 dB 5 5 1000 0 04 455 2000 0 01 DC Notes DC SYSTEM SPEEDS 1 Add the following to ppm of range uncertainty 1V and 100V 2ppm 100mV 15ppm 1000 15ppm lt 1MQ RANGE CHANGE 50 s FUNCTION CHANGE 45 s AUTORANGE TIME 30 ms ASCII READINGS TO RS 232 19 2K BAUD 55 s MAX INTERNAL TRIGGER RATE 2000 s MAX EXTERNAL TRIGGER RATE 500 s DC GENERAL LINEARITY OF 10VDC RANGE
85. 00V 750V 3A 3A 100MO 750V 2 wire and 4 wire ohms Zero Rel ZO Zero disabled Z1 Zero enabled Z2 Zero enabled using a zero value V Filter PO Filter disabled P1 Moving filter count 10 P2 Repeat filter count 10 Table D 1 cont Models 196 199 and 8840A 8842A Commands Models 196 199 device dependent command summary D 3 Default conditions Data format SRQ EOI and bus hold off V n nnnnnnE n LO L1 Mode Command Description Rate SO 0 1 PLC integration S1 Line cycle integration 16 67msec 60Hz 20msec 50Hz S2 10 PLC 166 67msec integration 60Hz 200msec integration 50Hz Trigger mode TO Continuous on Talk T1 One shot on Talk T2 Continuous on GET T3 One shot on GET T4 Continuous on X T5 One shot on X T6 Continuous on External Trigger T7 One shot on External Trigger Reading mode BO Readings from A D converter B1 Individual readings from data store B2 All readings from data store buffer dump Data store size IO Disable data store In Data store of n n 1 to 500 fill and stop Interval QO Default interval 175msec SELECT OFF Qn n interval in milliseconds 15msec to 999999msec Value Vtnn nnnn or Zero value simulated reference junction temperature Restore factory default conditions and save L1 Save present machine states as default conditions Reading with prefix Reading without prefix Reading and buffer location with prefix Reading and buffer location without
86. 0kQ 100kQ IMQ 13ms 25ms 100ms 1000A 10pA lms lms 10MQ 150ms 100MQ 250ms The delay function is accessed by pressing the SHIFT DELAY keys The present delay setting AUTO or MANual is displayed Use the A and W keys to select the type of delay If MANUual is chosen also enter the duration of the delay The maximum is shown following 99H 99M 99 999S Press ENTER to accept the delay or EXIT for no change Changing the delay to MANual on one function changes the delays on all functions to MANual 3 10 Measurement Options Device actions The primary device action is a measurement However the device action block could include the following additional actions Filtering If the repeating filter is enabled the instrument samples the specified number of reading conversions to yield single filtered reading Only one reading conversion is performed if the filter is disabled or after the specified number of reading conversions for a moving average filter is reached The output of filter feeds hold Hold With hold enabled the first processed reading becomes the seed reading and operation loops back within the device action block After the next reading is processed it is checked to see if it is within the selected window 0 01 0 1 1 10 of the seed reading If the reading is within the window operation again loops back within the device action block This looping continues un
87. 2 FLOW menu When the input queue of the Model 2000 becomes more than 3 4 full the instrument issues an X OFF command The control program should respond to this and stop sending characters until the Model 2000 issues the X ON which it will do once its input buffer has dropped below half full The Model 2000 recognizes X ON and X OFF sent from the controller An X OFF will cause the Model 2000 to stop outputting characters until it sees an X ON Incoming commands are processed after the CR character is received from the controller If NONE is the selected flow control then there will be no signal handshaking between the controller and the Model 2000 Data will be lost if transmitted before the receiving device is ready Perform the following steps to set flow control 1 Access the RS 232 configuration by pressing SHIFT and then RS232 You see RS 232 ON assuming you have already selected the RS 232 interface 2 Go to the flow control field by using the A or W key You see FLOW control 3 Access the flow control options by pressing the key You see the flow control selection blinking 4 Use the A or V key to display the desired flow control NONE or XonXoFF and press ENTER You will then be prompted to set the terminator Continue on for information about the terminator You can return to the measurement mode by pressing EXIT Setting terminator The Model 2000 can be configured to terminate each program message that it t
88. 2000 can make frequency measurements from 3Hz to 500kHz on voltage ranges of 100mV 1V 10V 100V and 750V Period measurements can be taken from 2us to 333ms on the same voltage ranges as the frequency The instrument uses the volts input terminals to measure frequency The AC voltage range can be changed with the RANGE A and W keys The signal voltage must be greater than 10 of the full scale range CAUTION The voltage limit is subject to the 8 x 107 V Hz product Trigger level Frequency and Period use a zero crossing trigger meaning that a count is taken when the frequency crosses the zero level The Model 2000 uses a reciprocal counting technique to measure frequency and period This method generates constant measurement resolution for any input frequency The multimeter s AC voltage measurement section performs input signal conditioning Gate time The gate time is the amount of time the Model 2000 uses to sample frequency or period read ings All settings of the RATE key FAST MEDium SLOW yield a gate time of one second The Model 2000 completes a reading when it receives its first zero crossing after the gate time expires In other words the reading is completed 1 2 cycle after the gate time has expired For example with a lsec gate time to sample a 3Hz frequency you may wait up to 3 seconds before the Model 2000 returns a reading Basic Measurements 2 25 Connections Assuming factory default conditions the basic p
89. 4 Not used Bit B5 Reading Available RAV Set bit indicates that a reading was taken and processed Bit B6 Not used Bit B7 Buffer Available BAV Set bit indicates that there are at least two readings in the trace buffer Bit B8 Buffer Half Full BHF Set bit indicates that the trace buffer is half full Bit B9 Buffer Full BFL Set bit indicates that the trace buffer is full Bits B10 through B15 Not used Figure 5 4 Measurement event register Figure 5 5 Questionable event register Bit Position B15 B12 B11 B10 B9 B8 B7 B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 B1 BO SCPI Command Reference 5 51 Event CNET BFL BHF BAV RAV HL LL ROF Decimal Weighting 512 256 128 32 4 2 1 29 28 27 25 22 21 20 Value 1 1 011 011 1 1 O1 Value 1 Measurement Event Set Events BFL Buffer Full 0 Measurement Event Cleared BHF Buffer Half Full BAV Buffer Available RAV Reading Available HL High Limit LL Low Limit ROF Reading Overflow Questionable Event Register Bits BO through B3 Not used Bit B4 Temperature Summary Temp Set bit indicates that an invalid reference junction measurement has occurred for thermocouple temperature measurements Bits B5 B6 and B7 Not used Bit B8
90. 4 Turn on the instrument by pressing the front panel power switch to the on 1 position Figure 2 3 Model 2000 Power module gE Window Fuse Holder Assembly Setting line voltage and replacing fuse A rear panel fuse located next to the AC receptacle protects the power line input of the Basic Measurements 2 9 instrument If the line voltage setting needs to be changed or the line fuse needs to be replaced perform the following steps WARNING Make sure the instrument is disconnected from the AC line and other 1 Place the tip of a flat blade screwdriver into the power module by the fuse holder assembly see Figure 2 3 Gently push in and to the left Release pressure on the equipment before changing the line voltage setting or replacing the line fuse assembly and its internal spring will push it out of the power module 2 Remove the fuse and replace it with the type listed in Table 2 1 CAUTION For continued protection against fire or instrument damage only replace fuse with the type and rating listed If the instrument repeatedly blows fuses locate and correct the cause of the trouble before replacing the fuse See the optional Model 2000 Repair Manual for troubleshooting information 3 Ifconfiguring the instrument for a different line voltage remove the line voltage selector from the assembly and rotate it to the proper position When the selector is installed into the fuse holder assembly the correc
91. 4 w full scale error EE 418 100k 4 w full scale error EE 419 1M 4 w full scale error EE 420 10M 4 w full scale error EE 421 10m adc zero error EE 422 100m adc zero error EE 423 10m adc full scale error EE 424 100m adc full scale error EE 425 1 adc full scale error EE 438 Date of calibration not set EE 439 Next date of calibration not set EE 450 100m vac dac error EE 451 1 vac dac error EE 452 10 vac dac error EE 453 100 vac dac error EE 454 100m vac zero error EE 455 100m vac full scale error EE 456 1 vac zero error EE 457 1 vac full scale error EE 458 1 vac noise error EE Status and Error Messages Table B 1 Status and error messages Number Description Event 459 10 vac zero error EE 460 10 vac full scale error EE 461 10 vac noise error EE 462 100 vac zero error EE 463 100 vac full scale error EE 464 750 vac zero error EE 465 750 vac full scale error EE 466 750 vac noise error EE 467 Post filter offset error EE 468 1 aac zero error EE 469 1 aac full scale error EE 470 3 aac zero error EE 471 3 aac full scale error EE 472 1V 10Hz amplitude error EE 473 Frequency gain error EE 499 1V 10Hz frequency error EE 500 Calibration data invalid EE 510 Reading buffer data lost EE 511 GPIB address lost EE 512 Power on state lost EE 513 AC calibration data lost EE 514 DC calibration data lost EE 515 Calibration dates lost EE 522 GPIB communication language lost EE 610 Questiona
92. Accessories as ordered e Certificate of calibration e Product Information CD ROM that contains Model 2000 User s Manual P N 2000 900 00 Model 2000 Calibration Manual P N 2000 905 00 e Model 2000 Quick Reference Guide hardcopy e Model 2000 Support Software Disk including TestPoint run time applications TestPoint instrument libraries for GPIB and RS 232 and QuickBASIC examples If an additional manual is required order the appropriate manual package The manual packages include a manual and any pertinent addenda General Information 1 5 Options and accessories The following options and accessories are available from Keithley for use with the Model 2000 Scanner cards Model 2000 SCAN This is a 10 channel scanner card that installs in the option slot of the Model 2000 Channels can be configured for 2 pole or 4 pole operation Included are two pairs of leads for connection to Model 2000 rear panel inputs Keithley P N CA 109 Model 2001 TCSCAN This is a thermocouple scanner card that installs in the option slot of the Model 2000 The card has nine analog input channels that can be used for high accuracy high speed scanning A built in temperature reference allows multi channel cold junction compensated temperature measurements using thermocouples General purpose probes Model 1754 Universal Test Lead Kit Consists of one set of test leads 0 9m two spade lugs two banana plugs two hooks and two alligator clips
93. CALCI is disabled or NONE is selected the raw reading will be read SCPI Command Reference 5 21 CALCulate2 These commands are used to configure and control the CALC2 operations on readings stored in the buffer FORMat lt name gt CALCulate2 FORMat lt name gt Specify CALC2 format Parameters lt name gt NONE No calculations MEAN Mean value of readings in buffer SDEViation Standard deviation of readings in buffer MAXimum Largest reading in buffer MINimum Lowest reading in buffer Query FORMat Query programmed math format Description This command is used to specify the format for the CALC2 math calculation The calculation operations for CALC2 use data stored in the buffer With NONE selected no CALC2 calculation is performed With any of the other formats selected and CALC2 enabled see STATe the calculation is performed every time the IMMediate or IMMediate command is executed STATE lt b gt CALCulate2 STATe lt b gt Control CALC2 Parameters lt b gt 0 or off Disable CALC2 calculation 1 or on Enable CALC2 calculation Query STATe Query state on or off of CALC2 Description This command is used to enable or disable the CALC2 calculation When enabled the selected CALC2 format will be calculated when the IMMediate or IMMediate command is executed 5 22 SCPI Command Reference 1MMediate CALCulate2 IMMediate Perform CALC2 Query QMMediate Perform calculation and read result equiva
94. Calibration Summary Cal Set bit indicates that an invalid calibration constant was detected during the power up sequence The instrument will instead use a default calibration constant This error will clear after successful calibration of the instrument Bits B9 through B13 Not used Bit B14 Command Warning Warn Set bit indicates that a Signal Oriented Measurement Command parameter has been ignored NOTE Whenever a questionable event occurs the ERR annunciator will turn on The annunciator will turn off when the questionable event clears Bit Position B15 B14 B13 B9 B8 B7 B5 B4 B3 BO Event Warn Cal Temp Decimal Weighting 16384 256 16 EE 214 25 24 Value 0 0 1 gt 0A 0A p Value 1 Questionable Event Bit Set Events Warn Command Warning 0 Questionable Event Bit Cleared Cal Calibration Summary Temp Temperature Summary 5 52 SCPI Command Reference Operation Event Register Bits BO through B3 Not used Bit B4 Measuring Meas Set bit indicates that the instrument is performing a measurement Bit B5 Triggering Trig Set bit indicates that the instrument is in the Device Action block of the Trigger Model Bits B6 through B9 Not used Bit B10 Idle Set bit indicates that the instruments in the idle state Bits B11 throug
95. E EOI END IEEE 488 Bus Overview E 15 Interface function codes The interface function codes which are part of the IEEE 488 standards define an instrument s ability to support various interface functions and should not be confused with programming commands found elsewhere in this manual The interface function codes for the Model 2000 are listed in Table E 6 The codes define Model 2000 capabilities as follows Table E 6 Model 2000 interface function codes Code Interface function SHI Source Handshake capability AH Acceptor Handshake capability T5 Talker basic talker talk only serial poll unaddressed to talk on LAG L4 Listener basic listener unaddressed to listen on TAG SR1 Service Request capability RL1 Remote Local capability PPO No Parallel Poll capability DC1 Device Clear capability DT1 Device Trigger capability CO No Controller capability El Open collector bus drivers TEO No Extended Talker capability LEO No Extended Listener capability SH Source Handshake Function SH1 defines the ability of the instrument to initiate the transfer of message data over the data bus AH Acceptor Handshake Function AHI defines the ability of the instrument to guarantee proper reception of message data transmitted over the data bus T Talker Function The ability of the instrument to send data over the bus to other devices is provided by the T function Instrument talker
96. EEPer command STATe lt b gt BEEPer STATe lt b gt Enable or disable beeper Parameters lt b gt lorON Enable beeper OorOFF Disable beeper Query STATe Query state of beeper Description This command is used to enable or disable the beeper for limit tests PRESet command PRESet SYSTem PRESet Return to SYSTem PRESet defaults Description This command returns the instrument to states optimized for front panel operation SYSTem PRESet defaults are listed in the SCPI tables Table 5 2 through Table 5 11 KCLick command KCLick lt b gt SYSTem KCLick lt b gt Enable or disable keyclick Parameters lt b gt 1 or ON Enable keyclick default 0 or OFF Disable keyclick Query KCLick Query status of keyclick Description This command is used to enable or disable the keyclick The keyclick can also be enabled or disabled from the front panel by pressing SHIFT then LOCAL 5 56 SCPI Command Reference POSetup lt name gt command POSetup lt name gt SYSTem POSetup lt name gt Program power on defaults Parameters name RST Select RST defaults on power up PRESet Select SYSTem PRESet defaults on power up SAVO Select saved defaults on power up Query POSetup Query power on setup Description This command is used to select the power on defaults With RST selected the instrument powers up to the RST default conditions With PRES selected the instrument powers up to the SYStem PRESet default conditions Defa
97. END 16 trac feed cont next status Start everything CALL SEND 16 init status WaitSRQ IF NOT srq THEN GOTO WaitSRQ CALL SPOLL 16 poll status IF poll AND 64 0 THEN GOTO WaitSRQ Notice that after the program has detected an asserted SRQ line it serial polls the Model 2000 to determine if it is the device requesting service This is necessary for two reasons Serial polling the Model 2000 causes it to quit asserting the SRQ line Intest systems that have more than one IEEE 488 instrument programmed to assert SRQ your program must determine which instrument is actually requesting service Once an event register has caused a service request it cannot cause another service request until you clear it by reading it in this case using STATus MEASurement EVENt or by sending the CLS command C 6 Example Programs Storing readings in buffer The reading buffer in the Model 2000 is flexible and capable It has three controls which are found in the TRACe subsystem There are commands to control The size of the buffer in readings TRACe POINts lt NRf gt e Where the data is coming from before or after the CALCulatel math post processing TRACe FEED SENSe1 store unprocessed readings TRACe FEED CALCualtel store math processed readings Select buffer control mode TRACe FEED CONTrol NEVer immediately stop storing readings TRACe FEED CONTrol NEXT start now stop when buffer is full The
98. GENERAL 6 48 MED 30 Hz 300 KHz INPUT IMPEDANCE 1MQ 2 paralleled by 100pF Oa 22 IST tld Eze SU SS ACV INPUT PROTECTION 1000Vp 644 35 FAST 300 Hz 300 kHz MAXIMUM DCV 400V on any ACV range ACI INPUT PROTECTION 3A 250V fuse BURDEN VOLTAGE 1A Range lt 0 3V rms 3A Range lt 1V rms ADDITIONAL LOW FREQUENCY ERRORS of reading SHUNT RESISTOR 0 10 on all ACI ranges SLOW MED FAST AC CMRR 70dB with 1kQ in LO lead 20Hz 30Hz 0 0 3 MAXIMUM CREST FACTOR 5 at full scale 30Hz 50Hz 0 0 VOLT HERTZ PRODUCT lt 8 x 107 V Hz 50Hz 100Hz 0 0 1 0 OVERRANGE 120 of range except on 750V and 3A ranges 100Hz 200Hz 0 0 0 18 200Hz 300Hz 0 0 0 10 gt 300Hz 0 0 0 AC Notes Specifications are for SLOW rate and sinewave inputs gt 5 of range Speeds are for 60 Hz operation using factory default operating conditions RST Auto zero off Auto range off Display off includes measurement and binary data transfer out the GPIB 0 0196 of step settling error Trigger delay 400ms Trigger delay 0 DETector BANDwidth 300 NPLC 0 01 Maximum useful limit with trigger delay 175ms 7 Applies to non sinewaves gt 5Hz and lt 500Hz Guaranteed by design for Crest Factors gt 4 3 Applies to 0 18 C and 28 50 C For signal levels gt 2 2A add additional 0 4 to of reading uncertainty 10 Typical uncertainties Typical represents two sigma or 95 of manufactured units measure lt 0 35 of reading and t
99. IIIIIIITIY AC Voltage Source e eoeoe006000 9 2 waa eoe Ls Input Impedence 1MQ and 100pF Caution Maximum Input 750V RMS 1000V peak 8 x 107 VeHz Maximum Common Mode 500V peak Crest factor AC voltage and current accuracies are affected by the crest factor of the waveform the ratio of the peak value to the RMS value 500Hz is the maximum fundamental frequency at which the corresponding crest factor must be taken into account for accuracy calculations Low level considerations For sensitive measurements external considerations beyond the Model 2000 affect the accuracy Effects not noticeable when working with higher voltages are significant in microvolt signals The Model 2000 reads only the signal received at its input therefore it is important that this signal be properly transmitted from the source The following paragraphs indicate factors that affect accuracy including stray signal pick up and thermal offsets 2 18 Basic Measurements Shielding AC voltages that are extremely large compared with the DC signal to be measured may produce an erroneous output Therefore to minimize AC interference the circuit should be shielded with the shield connected to the Model 2000 INPUT LO particularly for low level sources Improper shielding can cause the Model 2000 to behave in one or more of the following ways Unexpected offset voltages Inconsistent readings between ranges e Sudden shifts in r
100. MPerature command SCPI Command Reference 5 49 REAL OFFSet lt n gt SENSe 1 TEMPerature TCouple RJUNction 1 REAL OFFSET lt n gt Parameters n 0 09999 to 0 09999 Specify voltage offset at 0 C DEFault 0 05463 MINimum 0 09999 MAXimum 0 09999 Query OFFSet Query voltage offset OFFSet DEFault Query RST default voltage offset OFFSet MINimum Query lowest allowable voltage offset OFFSet MAXimum Query largest allowable voltage offset Description This command is used to specify the offset voltage at 0 C for the specified reference junction DIODe command RANGe UPPer lt NRf gt SENSe 1 DIODe CURRent RANGe UPPer lt NRf gt Select current range for diode test Parameters lt NRf gt 0 to 1e 3 Specify diode test current Query UPPer Query selected range Description There are three current ranges available for the diode test 10uA range 100pA range and the 1mA range Range is selected by using this command to specify the expected current for the diode under test The instrument will then automatically select the appropriate range CONTinuity command THReshold lt n gt SENSe 1 CONTinuity THReshold lt NRf gt Specify threshold resistance Parameters lt NRf gt 1 to 1000 Specify threshold in ohms Query THReshold Query threshold resistance This command is used to specify the threshold resistance for the continuity test Continuity occurs when the measurement is less than or equal to the
101. MQ 70ppm 100MQ 385ppm Operating environment specified for 0 to 50 C and 50 RH at 35 C Rev G HW 9 25 03 2000 6 2 Digit Multimeter TRUE RMS AC VOLTAGE AND CURRENT CHARACTERISTICS ACCURACY of reading of range 23 C 5 C VOLTAGE CALIBRATION 3Hz 10 Hz 20 kHz 50 kHz 100 kHz RANGE RESOLUTION CYCLE 10 Hz 20 kHz 50 kHz 100 kHz 300 kHz 100 0000 mV 0 1 pV 1 000000 V 1 0 pV 90 Days 0 35 0 03 0 05 0 03 0 11 0 05 0 60 0 08 4405 10 00000 V 10 uV 100 0000 V 100 pV 1 Year 0 35 0 03 0 06 0 03 0 12 0 05 0 60 0 08 4405 750 000 V 1mV TEMPERATURE COEEFICIENT sCs 0 095 0 003 0 005 0 003 0 006 0 005 0 010 006 0 03 0 01 CURRENT CALIBRATION 3 Hz 10 Hz 3 kHz RANGE RESOLUTION CYCLE 10 Hz 3kHz 5kHz 1 000000 A 1 pA 90 Day 1 Year 0 30 0 04 0 10 0 04 0 14 0 04 3 00000 A 10 pA 90 Day 1 Year 0 35 0 06 0 15 0 06 0 18 0 06 TEMPERATURE COEEFICIENT sCs 9 035 0 006 0 015 0 006 0 015 0 006 HIGH CREST FACTOR ADDITIONAL ERROR of reading AC SYSTEM SPEEDS 5 CREST FACTOR 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 FUNCTION RANGE CHANGE 4 s ADDITIONALERROR 0 05 0 15 0 30 0 40 AUTORANGE TIME 3 s ASCII READINGS TO RS 232 19 2k BAUD 50 s MAX INTERNAL TRIGGER RATE 300 s AC OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS MAX EXTERNAL TRIGGER RATE 5300 8 FUNCTION DIGITS READINGS s RATE BANDWIDTH ACV all ranges and 615 2s reading SLOW 3 Hz 300 kHz ACI all ranges 6153 14 MED 30 Hz 300 kHz AC
102. NDow lt NRf gt lt name gt Set Hold window Parameter lt NRf gt 0 01 to 20 Set window percent Query WINDow Query Hold window Description This command is used to set the window for Hold The window is expressed as a percent of the seed reading for the Hold process COUNt lt NRf gt SENSe 1 HOLD COUNt lt NRf gt Specify Hold count Parameter lt NRf gt 2 to 100 Specify Hold count Query COUNt Query Hold count Description This command is used to specify the count for Hold Count is the number of readings that are compared to the seed reading during the Hold process STATe lt b gt SENSe 1 HOLD STATe lt b gt Control on off Hold Parameters lt b gt 0 or OFF Disable Hold 1 or ON Enable Hold Query STATe Query state of Hold Description This command is used to enable or disable Hold See Hold in Section 3 and Trigger Model Device Action in this section for details on Hold SCPI Command Reference 5 39 Speed Commands NPLCycles lt n gt SENSe 1 CURRent AC NPLCycles n Set NPLC for ACI SENSe 1 CURRen DC NPLCycles n Set NPLC for DCI SENSe 1 VOLTage AC NPLCycles lt n gt Set NPLC for ACV SENSe 1 VOLTage DC NPLCycles lt n gt Set NPLC for DCV SENSe 1 RESistance NPLCycles lt n gt Set NPLC for Q2 SENSe 1 FRESistance NPLCycles lt n gt Set NPLC for Q94 SENSe 1 TEMPerature NPLCycles lt n gt Set NPLC for TEMP Parameters n 0 01 to 10 Powe
103. NE RATING 50 60 400HZ 22 VA MAX 2 Tighten the screws securely making sure not to over tighten them 3 Connect any additional connectors from other instruments as required for your application 4 Makecertain that the other end of the cable is properly connected to the controller Most controllers are equipped with an IEEE 488 style connector but a few may require a different type of connecting cable See your controllers instruction manual for information about properly connecting to the IEEE 488 bus NOTE You can only have 15 devices connected to a IEEE 488 bus including the controller The maximum cable length is either 20 meters or two meters times the number of devices whichever is less Not observing these limits may cause erratic bus operation 4 12 Remote Operation Selecting the primary address The Model 2000 multimeter ships from the factory with a GPIB address of 16 When the multimeter powers up it momentarily displays the primary address You can set the address to a value of 0 30 Do not assign the same address to another device or to a controller that are on the same GPIB bus Usually controller addresses are 0 or 21 but see the controllers instruction manual for details Make certain that the address of the controller is the same as that specified in the controllers programming language To change the primary address follow these steps 1 Access the GPIB configuration settings by pressing SHIFT then G
104. NORMal Normal byte order for binary formats SWAPped Reverse byte order for binary formats Query BORDer Query byte order Description This command is used to control the byte order for the IEEE754 binary formats For normal byte order the data format for each element is sent as follows Bytel Byte2 Byte3 Byte4 Single precision Bytel Byte2 Byte8 Double precision For reverse byte order the data format for each element is sent as follows Byte4 Byte3 Byte2 Bytel Single precision Byte8 Byte7 Byte 1 Double precision The 0 header is not affected by this command The header is always sent at the beginning of the data string for each measurement conversion The ASCII data format can only be sent in the normal byte order The SWAPped selection is simply ignored when the ASCII format is selected 5 30 SCPI Command Reference ELEMents command ELEMents item list FORMat ELEMents lt item list Parameters Query Description lt item list READing Includes reading in data string CHANnel Includes channel number UNITs Includes units NOTE Each item in the list must be separated by a comma ELEMents Query elements in data string This command is used to specify the elements to be included in the data string for each measurement conversion You can specify from one to all three elements Each element in the list must be separated by a comma These elements shown in Figure 5 1 are explained as
105. NTER reading length 16 status PRINT reading Close channel 2 take AC voltage reading CALL SEND 16 func volts ac status CALL SEND 16 rout clos 82 read status reading SPACES 80 CALL ENTER reading length 16 status PRINT reading Close channel 3 take ohms reading CALL SEND 16 func res status CALL SEND 16 rout clos 83 read status reading SPACES 80 CALL ENTER reading length 16 status PRINT reading C 10 Example Programs The following example program sets up the Model 2000 using a scan list to measure DC voltage on channels 1 2 and 3 The meter takes ten sets of readings with each set spaced 15 seconds apart and each of the three readings in each group taken as fast as possible The Model 2000 stores the readings in the buffer and asserts SRQ when the buffer is full The program waits for the SRQ then reads the readings from the buffer Example program to demonstrate using the scan list For QuickBASIC 4 5 and CEC PC488 interface card Edit the following line to where the QuickBASIC libraries are on your computer STNCLUDE c qb45 ieeeqb bi Initialize the CEC interface as address 21 CALL initialize 21 0 Reset controls and put trigger model in IDLE state set function to DCV CALL SEND 16 rst status Reset STATus subsystem not affected by RST CALL SEND 16 stat pres cls status CALL SEND 16 stat meas enab 512 sta
106. OPEN and CLOSE keys control channels on the internal scanner card only The keys allow you to directly Close a specific channel or channel pair for 4 wire resistance e Immediately open any internal closed channel or channel pair for 4 wire resistance With a scanner card installed in the option slot of the Model 2000 the following prompt is displayed when the CLOSE key is pressed CLOSE CHAN 01 Use the lt q gt A and V keys to display the desired channel 1 to 10 and press ENTER The annunciator of the closed channel will be displayed on the front panel along with normal readings Selecting a different channel from the one that is presently closed will cause the closed channel to open and allow a settling time before closing the selected channel Channel relays will be closed according to the presently selected function If a 4 wire function is selected both the selected channel relay and the matching relay pair will be closed Fixed 4 pole relay pairs are 1 and 6 not available for Model 2001 TCSCAN 2and7 3and8 4and9 e Sand 10 Pressing the OPEN key will immediately open any closed scanner card channel or channel pair for 4 wire resistance 3 22 Measurement Options Stepping and scanning trigger model additions The trigger model presented in Trigger operations earlier in this section has some additional capabilities when stepping or scanning These are outlined below Timer With this control
107. PIB You see GPIB ON with GPIB blinking 2 Go to Address choice by pressing the W key You see ADDR 16 a Go to the numeric field by pressing the P gt key Enter a new address from 0 30 by using the A and W press ENTER 5 Return to the main display by pressing EXIT T QuickBASIC 4 5 programming Programming examples are written in Microsoft QuickBASIC 4 5 using the Keithley KPC 488 2 or Capital Equipment Corporation IEEE interface and the HP style Universal Language Driver CECHP Install the universal language driver Before any programming example can be run the Universal Language Driver must first be installed To install the driver from the DOS prompt enter this command cechp If you include the CECHP command in your AUTOEXEC BAT file the driver will automatically be installed every time you turn on your computer Remote Operation 4 13 About program fragments Program fragments are used to demonstrate proper programming syntax As the name implies only a fragment of the whole program is used to avoid redundancy At the beginning of each program driver files have to be opened The input terminator should be set for CRLF For example OPEN ieee FOR OUTPUT AS 1 OPEN ieee FOR INPUT AS 2 PRINT 1 interm crlf A typical program fragment includes an OUTPUT command and an ENTER command The OUTPUT command sends a program message command string to the Model 2000 multimeter If the program messag
108. PRESet and STATus PRESet No effect Table 5 9 TRACe command summary ore Default Command Description parameter SCPI TRACel DATA Use TRACe or DATA as root command CLEar Clear readings from buffer FREE Query bytes available and bytes in use y POINts lt NRf gt Specify size of buffer 2 to 1024 y POINts Query buffer size y FEED lt name gt Select source of readings SENSe 1 CALCulate 1 NONE Y CONTrol name Select buffer control mode NEVer or NEXT Y CONTrol Query buffer control mode Y FEED Query source of readings for buffer y DATA Read all readings in the buffer y SYSTem PRESet and RST have no effect on the commands in this subsystem SCPI Command Reference 5 17 Table 5 10 Trigger command summary Command Description Default SCPI parameter INITiate Subsystem command path Y IMMediate Initiate one trigger cycle y CONTinuous lt b gt Enable or disable continuous initiation Note 1 y CONTinuous Query continuous initiation Y ABORt Reset trigger system Y TRIGger SEQuence 1 Path to program Trigger Layer y COUNt lt n gt Set measure count 1 to 9999 or INF Note 2 y COUNt Query measure count y DELay lt n gt Set delay 0 to 999999 999 sec 0 V AUTO lt b gt Enable or disable auto delay OFF AUTO Query state of delay DELay Query delay Y SOURce name Select control source IMMediate TIMer IMMediate Note MANual BUS or EXTerna
109. Ple COUNt command When READ is asserted the specified number of readings are taken After all the readings are taken they are sent to the computer Note that these readings are also stored in the buffer The following program takes 10 readings on the DCV function and displays then on the computer CRT For QuickBASIC 4 5 and CEC PC488 interface card edit the following line to where the QuickBASIC libraries are on your computer SINCLUDE c qb45 ieeeqb bi Initialize the CEC interface as address 21 LL initialize 21 0 B Reset controls clear buffer and place 2000 in idle CALL SEND 16 rst status CALL SEND 16 trac cle status CALL SEND 16 sample coun 10 status CALL SEND 16 form elem read unit status CALL SEND 16 read status reading SPACES 300 LL ENTER reading length 16 status PRINT reading Controlling the Model 2000 via the RS 232 COM2 port This example program illustrates the use of the Keithley Model 2000 DMM interfaced to the RS 232 COM2 port The Model 2000 is setup to take 100 readings at the fastest possible rate 2000 per second The readings are taken sent across the serial port and displayed on the B screen Example program controlling the Model 2000 via the RS 232 COM2 port For QuickBASIC 4 5 and CEC PC488 interface card RDS SPACES 1500 Set string space CLS CLear screen PRINT Set COM2 baud rate to 9600 PRINT Set no flow control
110. Q4W NPLC 0 1 NPLC 1 NPLC 10 FREQ PERIOD APER 1s APER 1s APER 1s dB dBm ACV NPLC 1 BW 300 NPLC X BW 30 NPLC X BW 3 dB dBm DCV NPLC 0 1 NPLC 1 NPLC 10 Continuity NPLC 0 1 N A N A Diode test N A NPLC 1 N A Notes NPLC number of power line cycles BW lower limit of bandwidth in Hz APER aperture in seconds N A not available X setting ignored 3 8 Measurement Options Trigger operations The following paragraphs discuss front panel triggering the programmable trigger delay the reading hold feature and external triggering Trigger model Figure 3 2 Front panel triggering without stepping scanning The flowchart of Figure 3 2 summarizes triggering as viewed from the front panel It is called atrigger model because it is modeled after the SCPI commands used to control triggering Note that for stepping and scanning the trigger model has additional control blocks These are described in Scan operations later in this section C Idle lt Y Control Event Source Detection Immediate External Y Delay Idle The instrument is considered to be in the idle state whenever it is not performing any measurements or scanning functions From the front panel the unit is considered idle at the end of a step or scan operation when the reading for the last channel remains displayed To restore triggers use the SHIFT HALT keys Once the Model 2000 is taken out of
111. Quire Acquire reference for Q2 SENSe 1 FRESistance REFerence ACQuire Acquire reference for Q4 SENSe 1 PERiod REFerence ACQuire Acquire reference for PER SENSe 1 FREQuency REFerence ACQuire Acquire reference for FREQ SENSe 1 TEMPerature REFerence ACQuire Acquire reference for TEMP Description When one of these commands is sent the measured input signal is acquired and established as the reference value This command is typically used to zero the display For example if the instrument is displaying a 1uV offset sending this command and enabling Reference see STATe zeroes the display This command is functional only if the instrument is on the specified measurement function Sending this command while in any other function causes an error Also if the latest reading is overflowed OFLO or a reading has not been triggered an error occurs when this command is sent The ACQuire command is coupled to the REFerence n command See the description for REFerence for details 5 44 SCPI Command Reference DIGits command DIGits n SENSe 1 CURRent AC DIGits lt n gt Specify resolution for ACI SENSe 1 CURRent DC DIGits lt n gt Specify resolution for DCI SENSe 1 VOLTage AC DIGits lt n gt Specify resolution for ACV SENSe 1 VOLTage DC DIGits lt n gt Specify resolution for DCV SENSe 1 RESistance DIGits lt n gt Specify resolution for Q2 SENSe 1 FRESistance DIGits n Spec
112. RQ when one or more errors or conditions occur When this indicator is on a service request has been generated This indicator stays on until the serial poll byte is read or all the conditions that caused SRQ have ceased to exist See status structure for more information LOCAL key The LOCAL key cancels the remote state and restores local operation of the instrument Pressing the LOCAL key also turns off the REM indicator and returns the display to normal if a user defined message was displayed If the LLO Local Lockout command is in effect the LOCAL key is also inoperative Remote Operation 4 19 Status structure See Figure 4 5 for the Model 2000 Multimeters status structure Instrument events such as errors are monitored and manipulated by four status register sets Notice that these status register sets feed directly into the Status Byte Register More detailed illustrations of these register sets are provided by Figure 4 5 through Figure 4 9
113. STD DEV value is the standard deviation of the buffered readings The equation used to calculate the standard deviation is n a ty n E oss np xm y ji l 1 1 n 1 where xj is a stored reading n is the number of stored readings NOTE The Model 2000 uses IEEE 754 floating point format for math calculations Limit operations Limit operations set and control the values that determine the HI IN LO status of subsequent measurements Limits can be applied to all measurement functions except continuity The limit test is performed after mX b and percent math operations Unit prefixes are applied before the limit test for example Low limit 1 0 High limit 1 0 A 150mV reading equals 0 15V IN Low limit 1 0 High limit 1 0 A 0 6kQ reading equals 600 HI You can configure the multimeter to beep or not when readings are inside or outside of the limit range Measurement Options 3 19 Setting limit values Use the following steps to enter high and low limit values 1 Press the SHIFT LIMITS keys to view the present HI limit value HI 1 000000 This value represents the absolute value of that function Use the lt q gt A and V keys to enter the desired value Move the cursor to the right most position and use the A and W keys to move the decimal point Press ENTER to view the present LO limit value LO 1 000000 This value represents the absolute value of that function Enter the desired
114. SYSLEML 1 eerie ore eden Spe rera Toa Pee Ee Ca po 5 65 SIND Miate commands Jarrett nea 5 65 ABORt command eseeeeeeeeeee een 5 65 TRIGger commands eee 5 66 SUNIT Subsystem eerte ritenere Perna eere E Ege On 5 68 TEMPerature command eere 5 68 VOL Tage commands eee 5 69 Specifications Accuracy calculations eeeeseeseeeeeeeeeeerenneen ene A 5 Calculating DC characteristics accuracy ss A 5 Calculating AC characteristics accuracy sess A 5 Calculating dBm characteristics accuracy A 6 Calculating dB characteristics accuracy esse A 7 Additional derating factors sese A 7 Optimizing measurement accuracy seseeeeeee A 8 Optimizing measurement speed A 8 Status and Error Messages Example Programs Program examples ee iere terii inca C 2 Changing function and range esee C 2 One shot triggering 1 certet tiere tete iege C 4 Generating SRQ on buffer full sess C 5 Storing readings in buffer sse C 6 Taking readings with the scanner card C 8 Taking readings using the READ command C 12 Controlling the Model 2000 via the RS 232 COM2 port C 12 Models 196 199 and 8840A 8842A Commands E IEEE 488 Bus Overview Introductio
115. Tus Subsystem See Section 5 for more information An enable register is not cleared when it is read The following operations affect the enable registers Cycling power Clears all enable registers STATus PREset clears the following enable registers Operation Event Enable Register Questionable Event Enable Register Measurement Event Enable Register ESE 0 Clears the Standard Event Status Enable Register 4 22 Remote Operation Figure 4 6 ESR PON URQ CME EXE DDE QYE OPC Standard Event Standard event B15 B8 B7 B6 B5 B4 83 B2 B1 BO Status Register status y 8 OR e i p ro To Event A d Summary T Bit ESB of r amp Status Byte Register See Figure 4 10 Standard Event LEE PON URQ CME EXE DDE QYE OPC Status Enable ESE B15 B8 B7 B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 B1 BO Register PON Power On URQ User Request CME Command Error EXE Execution Error DDE Device Dependent Error QYE Query Error OPC Operation Complete amp Logical AND OR Logical OR Figure 4 7 Operati VET ES Idle Trig Meas peration d Operation
116. V 10V 1V and 100mV ranges Thus when you perform a zero correction for DCV Q2 and O4 measurements by enabling REL the displayed offset becomes the reference value Subtracting the offset from the actual input zeroes the display as follows Actual Input Reference Displayed Reading A rel value can be as large as the highest range Selecting a range that cannot accommodate the rel value does not cause an overflow condition but it also does not increase the maximum allowable input for that range For example on the 10V range the Model 2000 still overflows for a 12V input To set a rel relative value press REL key when the display shows the value you want as the relative value The REL annunciator turns on Pressing REL a second time disables rel You can input a REL value manually using the mX b function Set M for 1 and B for any value you want Pressing REL enables that value to be the relative value See Section 2 for more information on the mX b function Digits The display resolution of a Model 2000 reading depends on the DIGITS setting It has no effect on the remote reading format The number of displayed digits does not affect accuracy or speed Those parameters are controlled by the RATE setting Perform the following steps to set digits for a measurement function 1 Press the desired function 2 Press the DIGITS key until the desired number of digits is displayed 3 to 62 NOTE Frequency and period can be
117. Voltmeter Complete Output 2 External Trigger Input 3 no connection 4 no connection 5 no connection 6 no connection Pin 2 Pin 1 7 Signal Ground Lis E 8 Signal Ground Input Output Either pin 3 or 5 may be configured as an output instead of pin 1 Either pin 4 or 6 may be configured as an input instead of pin 2 See the optional Model 2000 Repair Manual for details 3 12 Measurement Options External trigger The EXT TRIG input requires a falling edge TTL compatible pulse with the specifications shown in Figure 3 4 In general external triggers can be used to control measure operations For the Model 2000 to respond to external triggers the trigger model must be configured for it Figure 3 4 Triggers on Trigger link input Leading Edge pulse specifications EXT TRIG TTL High 2V 5V TTL Low 0 8V 2us Minimum Voltmeter complete The VMC output provides a TTL compatible output pulse that can be used to trigger other instruments The specifications for this trigger pulse are shown in Figure 3 5 Typically you would want the Model 2000 to output a trigger after the settling time of each measurement Figure 3 5 Meter Trigger link output Complete pulse specifications VMC TTL High 3 4V Typical TTL Low 0 25V Typical 4 10us Minimum External triggering example In a typical test system you may want to close a channel and then measure the DUT connected to th
118. all devices have accepted the data Each device will release NDAC at its own rate but NDAC will not be released to go high until all devices have accepted the data byte The sequence just described is used to transfer both data talk and listen addresses as well as multiline commands The state of the ATN line determines whether the data bus contains data addresses or commands as described in the following paragraph IEEE 488 handshake DATA X SOURCE sequence DAV SOURCE VALID a ALLREADY ACCEPTOR NRFD a ALL ACCEPTED NDAC ACCEPTOR E 8 IEEE 488 Bus Overview Bus commands The instrument may be given a number of special bus commands through the IEEE 488 interface This section briefly describes the purpose of the bus commands which are grouped into the following three categories 1 Uniline Commands Sent by setting the associated bus lines true For example to assert REN Remote Enable the REN line would be set low true 2 Multiline Commands General bus commands which are sent over the data lines with the ATN line true low 3 Common Commands Commands that are common to all devices on the bus sent with ATN high false 4 SCPI Commands Commands that are particular to each device on the bus sent with ATN false These bus commands and their general purpose are summarized in Table E 1 Table E 1 IEEE 488 bus command summary Command State of Command ATN Comments type line
119. an restore normal front panel operation by pressing the LOCAL key IFC interface clear The IFC command is sent by the controller to place the Model 2000 multimeter in the local talker listener idle states The unit responds to the IFC command by canceling front panel TALK or LSTN lights if the instrument was previously placed in one of those states Remote Operation 4 15 Note that this command does not affect the status of the instrument settings data and event registers are not changed To send the IFC command the controller need only set the IFC line true for a minimum of 100ys Program fragment PRINT 1 output 16 idn Send query command PRINT 1 enter 16 Read data turn on TALK annunciator SLEEP 3 Wait 3 seconds PRINT 1 abort Talker idle state turn off TALK annunciator LLO local lockout Use the LLO command to prevent local operation of the instrument After the unit receives LLO all its front panel controls except the POWER are inoperative In this state pressing the LOCAL will not restore control to the front panel The GTL command restores control to the front panel Program fragment PRINT 1 remote 16 Place 2000 in remote PRINT 1 local lockout Lock out front panel including LOCAL key SLEEP 6 Wait 6 seconds PRINT 1 local 16 Restore front panel operation GTL go to local Use the GTL command to put a remote mode instrument into local mode The GTL command also restores fr
120. ange low resistance range or any other low impedance range the circuit is virtually shorted Dangerous arcing can result even when the multimeter is set to a voltage range if the minimum voltage spacing is reduced in the external connections When making measurements in high energy circuits use test leads that meet the following requirements Test leads should be fully insulated Only use test leads that can be connected to the circuit e g alligator clips spade lugs etc for hands off measurements Donotuse test leads that decrease voltage spacing These diminishes arc protection and create a hazardous condition Use the following sequence when testing power circuits 1 De energize the circuit using the regular installed connect disconnect device such as a circuit breaker main switch etc 2 Attach the test leads to the circuit under test Use appropriate safety rated test leads for this application Set the multimeter to the proper function and range 4 Energize the circuit using the installed connect disconnect device and make measurements without disconnecting the multimeter 5 De energize the circuit using the installed connect disconnect device 6 Disconnect the test leads from the circuit under test rd WARNING The maximum common mode voltage voltage between INPUT LO and the chassis ground is 500V peak Exceeding this value may cause a breakdown in insulation creating a shock hazard 2 12 Basic Mea
121. ated by commas The following example shows the response message for a program message that contains four single item query commands 0 1 150 Response message terminator RMT Each response is terminated with an LF line feed and EOI end or identify The following example shows how a multiple response message is terminated 0 1 1 0 lt RMT gt Message exchange protocol Two rules summarize the message exchange protocol Rule 1 You must always tell the Model 2000 what to send to the computer The following two steps must always be performed to send information from the instrument other computer 1 Send the appropriate query command s in a program message 2 Address the Model 2000 to talk Rule 2 The complete response message must be received by the computer before another program message can be sent to the Model 2000 Remote Operation 4 39 Common Commands Common commands summarized in Table 4 4 are device commands that are common to all devices on the bus These commands are designated and defined by the IEEE 488 2 standard Table 4 4 IEEE 488 2 common commands and queries Mnemonic Name Description CLS Clear status Clears all event registers and Error Queue ESE lt NRf gt Event enable command Program the Standard Event Enable Register ESE Event enable query Read the Standard Event Enable Register ESR Event status register query Read the Standard Event Enable Register and clear it
122. ation 1 1 General purpose probes 1 5 Generating SRQ on buffer full C 5 GET group execute trigger 4 17 GPIB bus 4 3 GPIB bus connections 4 10 GPIB bus operation and reference 4 9 GPIB bus standards 4 9 GPIB primary address 2 15 GPIB status indicators 4 18 GTL go to local 4 15 Handshake lines E 7 High energy circuit safety precautions 2 11 Hold example 3 11 Idle 3 8 Idle and initiate 4 30 IEEE command groups E 14 IEEE 488 and SCPI Conformance Information F 1 IEEE 488 Bus Overview E 1 IFC interface clear 4 14 Inspection 1 4 Install the universal language driver 4 12 Interface function codes E 15 Introduction 1 2 2 2 3 2 4 2 4 9 E 2 F 2 Keithley Models 196 199 Digital Multimeter 4 5 Limit operations 3 18 Line frequency query 5 62 Line power connection 2 8 LLO local lockout 4 15 LOCAL key 4 18 Long form and short form versions 4 34 Low level considerations 2 17 Low thermal probes 1 6 Manual addenda 1 3 Manual ranging 3 2 Math 2 27 Maximum readings 3 2 MEASure command 5 5 Measurement configuration 3 2 Measurement Options 3 1 Measuring continuity 2 31 Measuring current 2 20 Measuring frequency and period 2 24 Measuring resistance 2 22 Measuring temperature 2 26 Measuring voltage 2 16 Message exchange protocol 4 38 Models 196 199 and 8840A 8842A Commands D 1 Multiple channel control 5 32 Multiple command messages 4 36 Multiple response messages 4 38 MX B 2 28
123. binary equivalent is 00110000 This binary value indicates that bits 4 and 5 if the Status Byte Register are set The bits of the Status Byte Register are described as follows Bit 0 Measurement Status MSB A set bit indicates that a measurement event has occurred The event can be identified by reading the Measurement Event Status Register using the STATus MEASurement command see Section 5 for details Bit 1 Not used Bit 2 Error Available EAV A set bit indicates that an error or status message is present in the Error Queue The message can be read using one of the following SCPI commands SYSTem ERRor S TATus QUEue See Section 5 for more information Bit 3 Questionable Summary Bit QSB A set bit indicates that a calibration error has occurred Bit 4 Message Available MAV A set bit indicates that a message is present in the Output Queue The message is sent to the computer when the Model 2000 is addressed to talk Bit 5 Event Summary Bit ESB A set bit indicates that an enabled standard event has occurred The event can be identified by reading the Standard Event Status Register using the ESE query command Bit 6 Master Summary Status MSS Request Service RQS A set bit indicates that one or more enabled Status Byte conditions have occurred Read the MSS bit by using the STB query command or perform a serial poll to detect the occurrence of a service request RQS bit set Bit 7 Operation Summary OSB A se
124. ble Calibration SE 611 Questionable Temperature SE 800 RS 232 Framing Error detected EE 802 RS 232 Overrun detected EE 803 RS 232 Break detected EE 805 Invalid system communication EE 806 RS 232 Settings Lost EE 807 RS 232 OFLO Characters Lost EE 808 ASCII only with RS 232 EE 900 Internal System Error EE DDC Status Model 950 DDC Trigger Overrun Error EE 951 DDC Interval Overrun Error EE 952 DDC Big String Error EE 953 DDC Uncalibrated Error EE 954 DDC No Scanner Error EE 955 DDC Maximum Channel is 4 EE B 5 B 6 Status and Error Messages Table B 1 Status and error messages Number Description Event 956 DDC Maximum Channel is 8 EE 957 DDC Calibration Locked EE 958 DDC Conflict Error EE 959 DDC No Remote Error EE 960 DDC Mode IDDC Error EE 961 DDC Mode IDDCO Error EE Keithley 199 Serial Poll Byte Events 962 DDC Ready SE 963 DDC Reading Done SE 964 DDC Buffer Half Full SE 965 DDC Buffer Full SE 966 DDC Reading overflow SE Fluke 8842 serial poll byte events 970 Fluke Error SE 971 Data Available SE 972 Overrange SE EE error event SE status event SYS system error event NOTE SCPI confirmed messages are described in Volume 2 Command Reference of the Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments Refer to the SYSTem ERRor command Example a a C 2 Example Programs Program examples All examples presume QuickBASIC version 4 5 or higher and
125. clude period dB dBm continuity diode testing mX b and percent Optional scanning For internal scanning options include the Model 2000 SCAN a 10 channel general purpose card and the Model 2001 TCSCAN a 9 channel thermocouple card with a built in cold junction For external scanning the Model 2000 is compatible with Keithley s Model 7001 and 7002 switch matrices and cards Programming languages and remote interfaces The Model 2000 offers three programming language choices SCPI Keithley Models 196 199 and Fluke 8840A 8842A and two remote interface ports IEEE 488 GPIB and RS 232C Reading and setup storage Up to 1024 readings and two setups user and factory defaults can be stored and recalled Closed cover calibration The instrument can be calibrated either from the front panel or remote interface General Information 1 3 Warranty information Warranty information is located at the front of this instruction manual Should your Model 2000 require warranty service contact the Keithley representative or authorized repair facility in your area for further information When returning the instrument for repair be sure to fill out and include the service form at the back of this manual to provide the repair facility with the necessary information Manual addenda Any improvements or changes concerning the instrument or manual will be explained in an addendum included with the manual Be sure to note these chan
126. command the channel annunciator that corresponds to that channel is displayed Note that for 4 pole operation the annunciator for the paired channel is not displayed For exam ple if channel pair 4 and 9 is closed only the CH4 annunciator is displayed 5 32 SCPI Command Reference CLOSe STATe ROUTe CLOSe STATe Query closed channel or channel pair Description The response message for this query command indicates the channel or NOTE OPEN ALL ROUTe OPEN ALL Description Multiple channel control channel pair that has been closed on the internal scanner card using the rout close chan num command or channels closed from the front panel Note that for 4 pole operation the paired channel is not included in the response message For example if channel pair 4 and 9 has been closed the 4 response message will be returned For 4 pole operation the rout mult close query command includes the paired channel in the response message see Multiple channel control The rout close query command will not indicate channels that have been closed using the rout mult close list command see Multiple channel control Channels cannot be closed if a scan internal or external is presently enabled See the LSELect name command in Scan commands to disable scan operations Open all input channels This command is used to open all input channels 1 through 10 on the internal scanner card The only
127. controller and basic controller Both are able to control other instruments but only the system controller has the absolute authority in the system In a system with more than one controller only one controller may be active at any given time Certain protocol is used to pass control from one controller to another The IEEE 488 bus is limited to 15 devices including the controller Thus any number of talkers and listeners up to that limit may be present on the bus at one time Although several devices may be commanded to listen simultaneously the bus can have only one active talker or communications would be scrambled A device is placed in the talk or listen state by sending an appropriate talk or listen command These talk and listen commands are derived from an instrument s primary address The primary address may have any value between 0 and 31 and is generally set by rear panel DIP switches or programmed in from the front panel of the instrument The actual listen address value sent out over the bus is obtained by ORing the primary address with 20 For example if the primary address is 16 the actual listen address is 36 36 16 20 In a similar manner the talk address is obtained by ORing the primary address with 40 With the present example the talk address derived from a primary address of 16 decimal would be 56 56 16 40 The IEEE 488 standards also include another addressing mode called secondary addressing Seco
128. ct filter type MOVing or REPeat Note TCONtrol Query filter type COUNt lt n gt Specify filter count 1 to 100 10 COUNCO Query filter count STATe lt b gt Enable or disable filter OFF STATe Query state of digital filter 5 12 SCPI Command Reference Table 5 6 cont SENSe command summary Command Description Detault SCPI parameter RESistance Path to configure resistance y NPLCycles lt n gt Set integration rate line cycles 0 01 to 10 1 Y NPLCycles Query line cycle integration rate Y RANGe Path to configure measurement range Y UPPer n Select range 0 to 120e6 100e6 Y UPPer Query range Y AUTO lt b gt Enable or disable auto range ON Y AUTO Query auto range Y REFerence n Specify reference 0 to 120e6 0 Y STATe lt b gt Enable or disable reference OFF y STATe Query state of reference y ACQuire Use input signal as reference REFerence Query reference value Y DIGits n Specify measurement resolution 4 to 7 JE DIGits Query resolution AVERage Path to configure and control filter TCONtrol lt name gt Select filter type MOVing or REPeat Note TCONtrol Query filter type COUNt lt n gt Specify filter count 1 to 100 10 COUNt Query filter count STATe lt b gt Enable or disable filter OFF STATe Query state of digital filter FRESistance Path to configure four wire resistance Y NPLCycles n Set integration rate line
129. curs A set bit 1 in the enable register allows enables the ESB bit to set when the corresponding standard event occurs Remote Operation 4 41 The Standard Event Enable Register is shown in Figure 4 13 and includes the decimal weight of each bit The sum of the decimal weights of the bits that you wish to be set is the parameter value that is sent with the ESE command For example to set the CME and QYE bits of the Standard Event Enable Register send the following command ESE 36 Where CME bit B5 Decimal 32 QYE bit B2 Decimal 4 lt NRf gt 36 If a command error CME occurs bit B5 of the Standard Event Status Register sets If a query error QYE occurs bit B2 of the Standard Event Status Register sets Since both of these events are unmasked enabled the occurrence of any one of them causes the ESB bit in the Status Byte Register to set Read the Standard Event Status Register using the ESE query command Figure 4 13 Standard event Bit Position enable register Event Decimal Weighting Value hse ee foor fov f ore 64 32 16 8 4 1 25 25 4 23 2 0 1 Note Bits B8 through B15 are not shown since they are not used Value 1 Enable Standard Event 0 Disable Mask Standard Event Events PON Power On URQ User Request CME Command Error EXE Execution Error DDE Device dependent Error QYE Query Error OPC Operation Complete 4 42
130. d dB for other voltage inputs can be calculated in exactly the same manner using pertinent specifications ranges and reference impedances A 7 Specifications Calculating dB characteristics accuracy The relationship between voltage and dB is as follows Vin REF dB 20 log As an example of how to calculate the actual readings limits for dB with a user defined Vggg of 10V you must calculate the voltage accuracy and apply it to above equation To calculate a 60dB measurement assume 10m VRMS for a Vggr of 10V Using the 100mV range one year 10Hz 20kHz frequency band and SLOW rate the voltage limits are as follows Accuracy 0 06 of reading 0 03 of range 0 006 x 10mV 0 0003 x 100mV 6uV 30uV 36uV Thus the actual reading accuracy is 10mV 36uV or 10 036mV to 9 964mV Applying the voltage reading accuracy into the dB equation yields 10 036mV _ 9 964mV _ dBm 20 log 10V 60 03133dB Thus the actual reading accuracy is 60dB 0 031213dB to 60dB 0 031326dB dBm and dB for other voltage inputs can be calculated in exactly the same manner using pertinent specifications ranges and other reference voltages Additional derating factors In some cases additional derating factors must be applied to calculate certain accuracy values For example an additional derating factor must be added for DC voltages over 500V Before calculating accuracy study the associated specification
131. d readings in buffer NONE Put no readings in buffer Query FEED Query buffer feed Description This command is used to select the source of readings to be placed in the buffer With SENSe 1 selected raw readings are placed in the buffer when storage is performed With CALCulate 1 selected calculated math readings mx b or PERCent or NONE are placed in the buffer With NONE selected no readings are placed in the buffer when storage is performed over the bus CONTrol lt name gt TRACe FEED CONTrol lt name gt Specify buffer control Parameters lt name gt NEVer Disables buffer storage NEXT Fills buffer and stops Query CONTrol Query buffer control Description This command is used to select the buffer control With NEVer selected storage into the buffer is disabled With either of the other selections storage is performed as long as buffer feed is not set for NONE see TRACe FEED NONE When NEXT is selected the storage process starts fills the buffer and then stops The buffer size is specified by the POINts command DATA command DATA TRACe DATA Send buffer readings Description When this command is sent and the Model 2000 is addressed to talk all the readings stored in the buffer are sent to the computer The format that readings are sent over the bus is controlled by the FORMat subsystem SCPI Command Reference 5 65 Trigger subsystem The Trigger subsystem is made up of a series of commands and
132. d to define the b factor for the mx b calculation 5 20 SCPI Command Reference MUNIts CALCulate 1 KMATh MUNits lt name gt Specify units for mx b Parameter lt name gt 3 characters using A through Z Query MUNits Query units for mx b Description This command is used to specify the units data element for the mx b calculation Use any three letters from A through Z PERCent lt NRf gt CALCulate 1 KMATh PERCent lt NRf gt Specify target value for percent calculation Parameter lt Nrf gt le8 to le8 Specify target value Query PERCENt Query percent target value Description This command is used to specify the target value for the percent calculation ACQuire CALCulate 1 KMATh PERCent ACQuire Use input signal as target value Description This action command is used to acquire the present input signal reading and use it as the target value for the Percent calculation STATe lt b gt CALCulate 1 STATe lt b gt Control CALC1 Parameters lt b gt O or off Disable CALCI calculation 1 or on Enable CALCI calculation Query STATe Query state on or off of CALCI Description This command is used to enable or disable the CALCI calculation When en abled each instrument reading will reflect the selected calculation see FORMat DATA CALCulate 1 KMATh DATA Read CALC1 result Description This query command is used to read the result of the CALCI calculation If
133. dels 196 199 The commands to control the Model 2000 with the 196 199 language are provided in Table D 1 Since the architecture of the Model 2000 differs from that of the 196 199 some commands are different or cannot be used Commands such as function offset compensated ohms AC current dB range analog and digital filter rate calibration factory defaults and self test do not map one for one Also note that the Model 2000 does not have the speed characteristics of the Models 196 199 Other commands of the Model 2000 have been added to the 196 199 command set such as frequency temperature and scanning Refer to the appropriate manual for further details CAUTION The 196 199 language is intended to be used only over the IEEE 488 bus Using front panel controls in conjunction with this language may cause erratic operation In this case results cannot be guaranteed Table D 1 Models 196 199 device dependent command summary Mode Command Description Execute X Execute other device dependent commands Function FO DC volts F1 AC volts F2 2 wire ohms F3 DC current F4 AC current F5 ACV dB F6 Not valid F7 Frequency F8 Temperature F9 4 wire ohms Range DCV ACV DCA ACA Ohms ACV dB Freq RO Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto RI IV 1V100mA 1A 1kQ 1V LV R2 10V 10V 3A 3A 10kQ 10V 1V R3 100V 100V 3A 3A 100kQ 100V 10V R4 1000V 750V 3A 3A IMQ 750V 100V R5 1000V 750V 3A 3A 10MQ 750V 750V R6 1000V 750V 3A 3A 100MO 750V R7 10
134. deren ee Es n ner Peg E eda 4 20 Enable fegisters 2 decree iret i ree ai 4 21 Su qp 4 24 Status Byte and Service Request SRQ 4 25 Trigger model GPIB operation eene 4 29 Idle and WIT ALS use mte 4 30 Trigger model operation see 4 30 Programming syntax oo eee eee eeeeeeeeseeeseeseeeeeeaeesaeeseeeaeeseseatens 4 32 Command words esee 4 32 Query commands 2 rit ter eei Dentes 4 34 Case Sensitivity eee ecrire eb ei enero pectet pudet 4 34 Long form and short form versions essss 4 34 Short form fules aceti tta teas scere ek Program iesSases 2 2 roti e ipe RERO Response messages seen Message exchange protocol eseeee Common Commands essere CLS Clear Status eerte eene enean tata tatto nsnnus ESE lt NRf gt Event Enable ESE Event Enable Query ESR Event Status Register Query eee 4 42 DN Identification Query eene 4 43 OPC Operation Complete reete ente tnn 4 44 OPC Operation Complete Query es 4 46 OPT Option Identification Query ss 4 47 FRCL Recall eere eee esee eese ente tntaansnenenenen inen ta 4 47 RST RESET M 4 48 ESAV SAVE M 4 48 SRE lt NRf gt
135. displayed with four to seven digits 3 6 Measurement Options Rate The RATE operation sets the integration time of the A D converter the period of time the input signal is measured also known as aperture The integration time affects the usable digits the amount of reading noise as well as the ultimate reading rate of the instrument The integration time is specified in parameters based on a number of power line cycles NPLC where 1 PLC for 60Hz is 16 67msec and 1 PLC for 50Hz and 400Hz is 20msec In general the fastest integration time FAST 0 1 PLC from the front panel 0 01 PLC from the bus results in increased reading noise and fewer usable digits while the slowest integration time 10 PLC provides the best common mode and normal mode rejection In between settings are a compromise between speed and noise The RATE parameters are explained as follows FAST sets integration time to 0 1 PLC Use FAST if speed is of primary importance at the expense of increased reading noise and fewer usable digits MEDium sets integration time to 1 PLC Use MEDium when a compromise between noise performance and speed is acceptable e SLOW sets integration time to 10 PLC SLOW provides better noise performance at the expense of speed NOTE The integration time can be set for any measurement function except frequency period continuity FAST and diode test MEDium For frequency and period this value is gate time or aperture
136. dress before that instrument will respond to the command in question Note that only the addressed device will respond to these commands Both the commands and the address preceding it are sent with ATN true SDC Selective Device Clear The SDC command performs essentially the same function as the DCL command except that only the addressed device responds Generally instruments return to their power up default conditions when responding to the SDC command GTL Go To Local The GTL command is used to remove instruments from the remote mode With some instruments GTL also unlocks front panel controls if they were previously locked out with the LLO command GET Group Execute Trigger The GET command is used to trigger devices to perform a specific action that depends on device configuration for example take a reading Although GET is an addressed command many devices respond to GET without addressing Address commands Addressed commands include two primary command groups and a secondary address group ATN is true when these commands are asserted The commands include LAG Listen Address Group These listen commands are derived from an instrument s primary address and are used to address devices to listen The actual command byte is obtained by ORing the primary address with 20 TAG Talk Address Group The talk commands are derived from the primary address by ORing the address with 40 Talk commands are used to add
137. dy pulse Since the instrument is programmed to scan ten channels operation loops back up to point B where it waits for an input trigger and Remember that the Model 2000 operation is at point A waiting for a trigger The output Channel Ready pulse from the Model 7001 7002 triggers the multimeter to measure DUT 1 point E After the measurement is complete the Model 2000 outputs a completion pulse point F and then loops back to point A where it waits for another input trigger The trigger applied to the Model 7001 7002 from the Model 2000 closes the next channel in the scan This triggers the multimeter to measure the next DUT The process continues until all ten channels are scanned and measured 3 16 Measurement Options External triggering with BNC connections An adapter cable is available to connect the micro DIN Trigger Link of the Model 2000 to instruments with BNC trigger connections The Model 8503 DIN to BNC Trigger Cable has a micro DIN connector at one end and two BNC connectors at the other end The BNC cables are labeled VMC trigger line 1 and EXT TRIG trigger line 2 Figure 3 9 shows how a Keithley Model 706 Scanner can be connected to the Trigger Link of the Model 2000 using the adapter cable With this adapter a Model 706 could be substituted for the Model 7001 7002 in the previous example With the Model 706 set for External Triggering the test would start when the single scan mode is selected and initiat
138. e bus and indicates that the data is available to the listener 3 The listener aware that the data is available accepts the data and then indicates that the data has been accepted 4 The talker aware that the data has been accepted stops sending data and indicates that data is not being sent 5 The listener aware that there is no data on the bus indicates that it is ready for the next byte of data E 4 IEEE 488 Bus Overview Bus description The IEEE 488 bus which is also frequently referred to a the GPIB General Purpose Interface Bus was designed as a parallel transfer medium to optimize data transfer without using an excessive number of bus lines In keeping with this goal the bus has only eight data lines that are used for both data and with most commands Five bus management lines and three handshake lines round out the complement of bus signal lines A typical set up for controlled operation is shown in Figure E 1 Generally a system will contain one controller and a number of other instruments to which the commands are given Device operation is categorized into three operators controller talker and listener The controller does what its name implies it controls the instruments on the bus The talker sends data while a listener receives data Depending on the type of instrument any particular device can be a talker only a listener only or both a talker and listener There are two categories of controllers system
139. e channel with a multimeter Such a test system is shown in Figure 3 6 which uses a Model 2000 to measure ten DUTs switched by a Model 7011 multiplexer card in a Model 7001 7002 Switch System Measurement Options 3 13 Figure 3 6 1 DUT test system DUT e oT o ot em Il Ao OUTPUT DUT r F oT o 2 o o 2000 Multimeter DUT Tan oTo 10 re o7 o Card 1 7011 MUX Card The Trigger Link connections for this test system are shown in Figure 3 7 Trigger Link of the Model 2000 is connected to Trigger Link either IN or OUT of the Model 7001 7002 Note that with the default trigger settings on the Model 7001 7002 line 1 is an input and line 2 is an output This complements the trigger lines on the Model 2000 Figure 3 7 7001 or 7002 Switch System 2000 Multimeter Trigger link connections kemeny PEN B BE E 55 58 it E Trigger Trigger Link Trigger Link Link Cable 8501 For this example the Model 2000 and 7001 7002 are configured as follows Model 2000 Factory defaults restored accessed from SHIFT SETUP External scanning channels 1 10 no timer 10 readings accessed from SHIFT CONFIG External triggers accessed from EXT TRIG Model 7001 or 7002 Factory defaults restored Scan list 1 1 1 10 Number of scans 1 Channel spacing TrigLink 3 14 Measurement Op
140. e further described in the scanning examples Press ENTER when done to return to the normal display Note that scanned readings are always stored in the buffer up to the setting for RDG CNT Measurement Options 3 25 Scanning examples The following examples demonstrate the use of reading count timed scans delay and external scanning Counters One of the configuration options for stepping and scanning is the reading count The example of Figure 3 14 shows how different settings of RDG CNT affect these operations Figure 3 14 SHIFT CONFIG Internal scanning TYPE INT 1 MIN CHAN 1 Note Factory setup on the example with MAX CHAN 10 Model 2000 is assumed reading count option TIMER OFF RDG CNT 0002 STEP STEP STEP 0 channel closures 20 channel closures 2 channel closures O output triggers 20 output triggers 2 output triggers SCAN SCAN SCAN 0 channel closures 10 channel closures x2 10 channel closures output triggers 2 output triggers 1 output triggers RECALL RECALL RECALL 0 Readings 20 Readings 2 Readings e With a reading count 0010 equal to the scan list length 10 a step operation consecutively closes ten channels and sends an output trigger after each channel A scan operation also consecutively closes ten channels but sends an output trigger only at the end of the scan With a reading count 0020 greater than the scan list length
141. e includes a query command then the ENTER command is required to get the response message from the Model 2000 multimeter The ENTER command addresses the Model 2000 multimeter to talk The following example program fragment demonstrates how OUTPUT and ENTER commands are used Note that the commands assume address 16 which is the factory set address of the Model 2000 multimeter PRINT 41 output 16 func volt ac func PRINT 1 enter 16 If you wish to display the response message on the CRT the computer will have to read the message and then print it to the CRT display as follows LINE INPUT 42 A PRINT A The following programming example shows how all the above statements are used together The program fragment is shown in bold typeface OPEN ieee FOR OUTPUT AS 1 Open driver OPEN ieee FOR INPUT AS 2 Open driver PRINT 1 interm crlf CRLF terminator PRINT 1 output 16 func volt ac func Select ACV and query PRINT 1 enter 16 Get response message LINE INPUT 2 A Read response message PRINT A Display message 4 14 Remote Operation General Bus Commands Table 4 3 General Bus Commands and Associated Statements General commands are those commands such as DCL that have the same general meaning regardless of the instrument Table 4 3 lists the general bus commands along with the programming statement for each command which use the Keithley KPC 488 2 IEEE interface and the HP style Unive
142. e of the circuit under test or power line earth ground Always make measurements with dry hands while standing on a dry insulated surface capable of withstanding the voltage being measured The instrument and accessories must be used in accordance with its specifications and operating instructions or the safety of the equipment may be impaired Do not exceed the maximum signal levels of the instruments and accessories as defined in the specifications and operating information and as shown on the instrument or test fixture panels or switching card When fuses are used in a product replace with same type and rating for continued protection against fire hazard Chassis connections must only be used as shield connections for measuring circuits NOT as safety earth ground connections If you are using a test fixture keep the lid closed while power is applied to the device under test Safe operation requires the use of a lid interlock Ifa D screw is present connect it to safety earth ground using the wire recommended in the user documentation The IN symbol on an instrument indicates that the user should refer to the operating instructions located in the manual The A symbol on an instrument shows that it can source or measure 1000 volts or more including the combined effect of normal and common mode voltages Use standard safety precautions to avoid personal contact with these voltages The pi symbol indicates a connection terminal to the e
143. eading To minimize pick up keep the voltage source and the Model 2000 away from strong AC magnetic sources The voltage induced due to magnetic flux is proportional to the area of the loop formed by the input leads Therefore minimize the loop area of the input leads and connect each signal at only one point NOTE Shielded cables should be used for input circuits to avoid interference caused by conducting RF Thermal EMFs Thermal EMFs thermoelectric potentials are generated by thermal differences between the junctions of dissimilar metals These can be large compared to the signal that the Model 2000 can measure Thermal EMFs can cause the following conditions Instability or zero offset is much higher than expected The reading is sensitive to and responds to temperature changes This effect can be demonstrated by touching the circuit by placing a heat source near the circuit or by a regular pattern of instability corresponding to changes in sunlight or the activation of heating and air conditioning systems To minimize the drift caused by thermal EMFs use copper leads to connect the circuit to the Model 2000 A banana plug generates a few microvolts A clean copper conductor such as 10 bus wire is ideal for this application The leads to the input may be shielded or unshielded as necessary Refer to Shielding Widely varying temperatures within the circuit can also create thermal EMFs Therefore maintain constant temp
144. eadquarters 28775 Aurora Road Cleveland Ohio 44139 440 248 0400 Fax 440 248 6168 1 888 KEITHLEY www keithley com 12 06
145. eats these commands as data in that ATN is false when the commands are transmitted Command codes Command codes for the various commands that use the data lines are summarized in Figure E 3 Hexadecimal and the decimal values for the various commands are listed in Table E 2 Table E 2 Hexadecimal and decimal command codes Command Hex value Decimal value GTL 01 1 SDC 04 4 GET 08 8 LLO 11 17 DCL 14 20 SPE 18 24 SPD 19 25 LAG 20 3F 32 63 TAG 40 5F 64 95 SCG 60 7F 96 127 UNL 3F 63 UNT 5F 95 aed 1 U0q X 801A LOIA C 910N 0007 9powW Aq pejueure duir Jou 1O4INOO IAVL LOL pue AYNDIANOONN 110d T3T1V3vd Add 33010143NOO 110d TATIVYVd Ddd Das DOd dnOND dNOUD GNVWWOD ONVAWWOO ANVONOOS AAVWINd OVD Ov1 ON DOV dNOND dNOND dNOND dNOND ssaudav SS334QdQVv GNVWWOD QNVWWOO XTVL NILS IYSXJAINAO G3ssa3adv ad o INO SI O INN SI sn IS SI E aba op SE u 0 U vl N 0 vl SM OS Vl ne ee w 67 l W 6c I SD XD L O E E 9c N ral 1 9c gt ZL f S4 dd ZL OE She ft J Lt LL A Lt LL 283 IA LL E qn xd E z f 9c Z OL f 9c OL ans 11 OL 0 L1 0 I Sc A 6 SC 6 6 AdS W3 LOL 1H 6 L o oju x u vc X 9 H vc 8 8 JdS NYD 13D S8 9 0 0 0 I M 3 c M Z D EZ Z Z j 813 138 Z EC A So J cc 9 d cc 9 9 x NAS OV 9 O0 L1 1 0 n LZ n S 3 LZ S S dd VN Odd ONI S 0 0 1 0 1 p oz L Y a
146. ecify reference for FREQ SENSe 1 PERiod REFerence lt n gt Specify reference for PER SENSe 1 TEMPerature REFerence n Specify reference for TEMP Parameters n 3 1 to 3 1 Reference for ACI and DCI 757 5 to 757 5 Reference for ACV 1010 to 1010 Reference for DCV 0 to 120e6 Reference for Q2 and 04 0 to 1 5e7 Reference for FREQ Oto 1 Reference for PER 200 to 1372 Reference for TEMP DEFault O all functions MINimum Minimum value for specified function MAXimum Maximum value for specified function Query REFerence Query programmed reference value Description REFerence DEFault Query RST default reference value REFerence MINimum Query lowest allowable reference value REFerence MAXimum Query largest allowable reference value These commands are used to establish a reference value for the specified function When Reference is enabled see REFerence S TATe the result will be the algebraic difference between the input signal and the reference value Reading Input signal Reference From the front panel reference is called relative REL The REFerence lt n gt command is coupled to the ACQuire command The last command sent REFerence n or ACQuire establishes the reference When a reference is set using the REFerence n command the REFerence query command returns the programmed value Conversely when a reference is set using the ACQuire command the REFerence query command returns the acq
147. ecimal weights of the bits that you wish to set is the value that is sent with the SRE command For example to set the ESB and MAV bits of the Service Request Enable Register send the following command SRE 48 Where ESB bit B5 Decimal 32 MAV bit B4 Decimal 16 lt NRf gt 48 The contents of the Service Request Enable Register can be read using the SRE query command Figure 4 15 Service request enable Bit Position register Event Decimal Weighting Value Value 1 Enable Service Request Events OSB Operation Summary Bit Event ESB Event Summary Bit 0 Disable Mask Service MAV Message Available Request Event QSB Questionable Summary Bit EAV Error Available MSB Measurement Summary Bit 4 50 Remote Operation STB Status Byte Query Read status byte register Description Use the STB query command to acquire the value in decimal of the Status Byte Register The Status Byte Register is shown in Figure 4 16 The binary equivalent of the decimal value determines which bits in the register are set All bits except Bit B6 in this register are set by other event registers and queues Bit 6 sets when one or more enabled conditions occur The STB query command does not clear the status byte register This register can only be cleared by clearing the related registers and queues See status structure for details For example for an acquired decimal value of 48 the
148. ection Output Immediate Trigger External Timer Tus More Yes Scan List Ps Channels Length Y Sample counter Delay Device _ Action 3 24 Measurement Options Using SHIFT CONFIG to configure stepping and scanning From the SHIFT CONFIG key combination you can select internal or external scanning the minimum and maximum channels in the scan list the time between scans and the reading count er To configure stepping or scanning perform the following Select the desired measurement function Press the SHIFT CONFIG keys to access the step scan configuration Select the type of scan INTernal or EXTernal by using the A and W keys and pressing ENTER Select the first channel in the scan list MINimum CHANnel by using the lt q gt A and V keys and pressing ENTER Select the last channel in the scan list MAXimum CHANnel and press ENTER to confirm The next selection is for timed scans This is the Timer control source in the trigger model It sets a user specified interval for starting scans If you choose timed scans the Model 2000 prompts for a time interval 00H 00M 00 000S Use the lt q gt A and V keys to select a time interval and press ENTER to confirm Next you are prompted for a reading count RDG CNT This can be less than equal to or greater than the scan list length up to 1024 It is the number of readings that will be stored in the buffer The effects of these choices ar
149. ed If the Model 2000 trigger line configuration has been changed from the factory setting the Model 8502 Trigger Link Adapter must be used to interface with instruments having BNC trigger connections It has two micro DIN connectors and six BNC connectors one for each trigger line Figure 3 9 DIN to BNC trigger cable Model 8503 DIN to BNC Trigger Cable l Channel Ready External zy Trigger By Migs A mi A m s 706 Scanner 2000 Multimeter Buffer operations The Model 2000 has a buffer to store from two to 1024 readings and units It also stores the channel number for scanned readings and overflow readings In addition recalled data includes statistical information such as minimum maximum average and standard deviation The buffer fills with the requested number of readings and stops Readings are placed in the buffer after any math operations are performed Buffered data is overwritten each time the storage operation is selected The data is volatile it is not saved through a power cycle The following paragraphs discuss storing and recalling buffered data Measurement Options 3 17 Storing readings Use the following procedure to store readings 1 Setup the instrument for the desired configuration 2 Press the STORE key 3 Using the lt gt A and V keys to select the number of
150. ed off and power is removed from all external circuitry Donot connect signals that will exceed the maximum specifications of the scanner card If both the front panel terminals and the scanner card terminals are connected at the same time the maximum signal ratings of the front panel terminals are reduced to the maximum signal ratings of the scanner card As described in the International Electrotechnical Commission IEC Standard IEC 664 scanner cards are Installation Category I and must not be connected to mains Scanning overview A scanner lets you switch among a number of input signals to the Model 2000 for measurement The channel control and scanning capabilities depend on whether an internal or external card is being used as well as on the capabilities of the scanner card Refer to the documentation supplied with the scanner card for specific connection information Using an internal scanner card The optional Model 2000 SCAN scanner card lets you step through or scan up to ten 2 pole channels or five 4 pole channels The optional Model 2001 TCSCAN Thermocouple General Purpose Scanner Card lets you multiplex one of nine 2 pole or one of four 4 pole analog signals into the Model 2000 and or any combination of 2 or 4 pole analog signals Using external scanner cards When using external channels the switching mainframe controls the opening and closing of individual channels To synchronize Model 2000 measurements with exter
151. efine the text message for display A message can be as long as 12 characters A space counts as a character Excess message characters results in an error 5 26 SCPI Command Reference STATe lt b gt DISPlay WINDow 1 TEXT STATe lt b gt Control on off message Parameters lt b gt 0 or OFF Disable text message 1 or ON Enable text message Query STATe Query state of message mode Description This command enables and disables the text message mode When enabled a defined message is displayed When disabled the message is removed from the display A user defined text message remains displayed only as long as the instrument is in remote Taking the instrument out of remote by pressing the LOCAL key or sending LOCAL 16 cancels the message and disables the text message mode SCPI Command Reference 5 27 FORMat subsystem The commands in this subsystem are used to select the data format for transferring instrument readings over the bus The BORDer command and DATA command only affect readings transferred from the buffer i e SENSE DATA or CALC DATA are always sent in ASCII These commands are summarized in Table 5 4 DATA command DATA type FORMat DATA type Specify data format Parameters type ASCII ASCII format SREAL IEEE754 single precision format DREAL IEEE754 double precision format Query DATA Query data format Description This command is used to select the data format for transferrin
152. els scanned immediately with an output trigger at the end of the scan With the timer OFF and the delay set to MANual for five seconds stepping and scanning through the channels is timed the same The difference is in the number of output triggers with stepping sending a trigger after each channel closure and scanning sending a trigger at the end of the scan Figure 3 15 Internal scanning example with timer and delay options SHIFT CONFIG TYPE INT EE uote 1 ote Factory setup on the MIN CAN y 0 Model 2000 is assumed OFF TIMER o y RDG CNT 0010 TIMER ON 00H 00M 05 000S Y DELAY MAN Y RDG CNT 0010 Y SCAN 10 channel closures 1 output trigger STEP 10 channel closures at 5 second intervals 10 output triggers RECALL 10 readings 00H 00M 05 000S Y STEP 10 channel closures at 5 second intervals 10 output triggers SCAN 10 channel closures at 5 second intervals 1 output trigger RECALLL 10 readings Measurement Options 3 27 When using both the timer and delay parameters the timer is not started until after the delay For example if the timer is two minutes and the delay is ten seconds the timer is not started until 10sec after pressing SCAN Each successive scan will occur at 2 10 0 4 10 0 etc If the total delay time per scan is greater than or equal to the timer setting t
153. en repeat the steps following the Start everything comment in the above example CALL SEND 16 feed cont next status C 8 Example Programs Taking readings with the scanner card The Model 2000 SCAN is an optional 10 channel scanner card for the Model 2000 Multimeter Only one channel can be closed at a time If you close a channel while another is already closed the first one opens with break before make operation You can use the scanner card two ways One is to issue a command to close a particular channel before sending other commands to take readings The other way is to program the scan list and let the meter take care of closing a channel before taking a reading The following example program measures DC volts on channel 1 AC volts on channel 2 and 2 wire resistance on channel 3 using the ROUTe CLOSe command Example Programs Example program to demonstrate taking readings on different scanner channels For QuickBASIC 4 5 and CEC PC488 interface card Edit the following line to where the QuickBASIC libraries are on your computer STNCLUDE c qb45 ieeeqb bi Initialize the CEC interface as address 21 CALL initialize 21 0 Reset controls in INIT ARM LAY1 ARM LAY2 and TRIG subsystems and put trigger model in IDLE state set function to DCV CALL SEND 16 rst status Close channel 1 take DC voltage reading CALL SEND 16 rout clos 1 read status reading SPACES 80 CALL E
154. er types are explained in Section 3 see Filter Modes The number of readings that are averaged by the filter is set with the AVERage COUNt command The AVERage STATe command is used to enable or disable the filter Changing the filter type disables auto filter 5 46 SCPI Command Reference COUNL lt n gt SENSe 1 CURRent AC AVERage COUNt lt n gt Specify filter count for ACI SENSe 1 CURRent DC AVERage COUNt n Specify filter for DCI SENSe 1 VOLTage AC AVERage COUNt n Specify filter count for ACV SENSe 1 VOLTage DC AVERage COUNt lt n gt Specify filter count for DCV SENSe 1 RESistance AVERage COUNt n Specify filter count for Q2 SENSe 1 FRESistance AVERage COUNt lt n gt Specify filter count for Q4 SENSe 1 TEMPerature AVERage COUNt lt n gt Specify filter count for TEMP Parameters n 1 to 100 Specify filter count DEFault 10 MINimum 1 MAXimum 100 Query COUNt Query filter count COUNt DEFault Query the RST default filter count COUNt MINimum Query the lowest allowable filter count COUNt MAXimum Query the largest allowable filter count Description These commands are used to specify the filter count In general the filter count is the number of readings that are acquired and stored in the filter buffer for the averaging calculation The larger the filter count the more filtering that is performed Bandwidth command BANDwidth n SENSe 1 CURRentAC DETector BANDw
155. eratures to minimize these thermal EMFs A shielded enclosure around the circuit under test also helps by minimizing air currents The REL control can be used to null out constant offset voltages NOTE Additional thermals may be generated by the optional scanner cards Basic Measurements 2 19 AC voltage offset The Model 2000 at 5V2 digits resolution will typically display 100 counts of offset on AC volts with the input shorted This offset is caused by the offset of the TRMS converter This offset will not affect reading accuracy and should not be zeroed out using the REL feature The follow ing equation expresses how this offset Vopfsgr is added to the signal input Vm Displayed reading lo Wines Example Range 1VAC Offset 100 counts 1 0mV Input 100mV RMS Displayed reading TOUR V 1 0mV dooi 4 1x 10 Sv Displayed reading 0 100005 The offset is seen as the last digit which is not displayed Therefore the offset is negligible If the REL feature were used to zero the display the 100 counts of offset would be subtracted from Vy resulting in an error of 100 counts in the displayed reading See Section 3 Measurement Options for information that explain the configuration options for DC and AC voltage measurements 2 20 Basic Measurements Measuring current The Model 2000 can make DCI measurements from 10nA to 3A and ACI measurements from 1pAm to 3A RMS NOTE See the previo
156. ery TEMPerature Query temperature units Description This command is used to specify the units for temperature measurements SCPI Command Reference 5 69 VOLTage commands AC lt name gt UNIT VOLTage AC lt name gt Specify ACV units Parameters lt name gt V AC voltage measurement units DB dB AC voltage measurement units DBM dBm AC voltage measurement units Query AC Query AC voltage units Description This command is used to select the units for ACV measurements With volt V units selected normal AC voltage measurements are made for the ACV function With DB units selected AC dB voltage measurements are performed The DBM units selection is used to make decibel measurements referenced to ImW dB and dBm measurements are explained further in Section 2 DB REFerence lt n gt UNIT VOLTage AC DB REFerence n Specify dBm reference Parameter lt n gt le 7 to 1000 Specify reference in volts Query REFerence Description This command is used to specify the dB reference level When DB units is selected VOLTage AC DB ACV db measurements are made using the specified dB reference level The reference level is specified in volts and is not range dependent For example a dB reference level of 1 is 1V on all ACV measurement ranges DBM IMPedance lt n gt UNIT VOLTage AC DBM IMPedance lt n gt Specify dB reference Parameter lt n gt 1 to 9999 Specify reference impedance Query IMPedance Description This
157. ete Query Place a 1 in the output queue after all pending operations are completed Description On power up or when the CLS or RST is executed the Model 2000 goes into the Operation Complete Command Query Idle State OQIS In this state no pending overlapped commands exist The Model 2000 has three overlapped commands e INITiate e INITiate CONTinuous ON TRG When you send the OPC command the Model 2000 exits from OQIS and enters the Operation Complete Command Query Active State OQAS In OQAS the instrument continuously monitors the No Operation Pending flag After the last pending overlapped command is completed No Operation Pending flag set to true an ASCII character 1 is placed into the Output Queue the Message Available MAV bit in the Status Byte sets and the instrument goes back into OQIS Addressing the Model 2000 to talk sends the ASCII 1 to the computer Note that the instrument always goes into OQAS when OPC is executed If no pending command operations are present e g trigger model in idle state the Model 2000 immediately places an ASCII 1 in the Output Queue sets the MAV bit and returns to OQIS When used with the INITiate or INITiate CONTinuous ON command an ASCII 1 will not be sent to the Output Queue and the MAV bit will not set until the Model 2000 goes back into the idle state The initiate operations are not considered finished until the instrument goes into the idle state Whe
158. event B15 B11 B10 B9 B8 B7 B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 B1 BO Condition Register status Y Y Y ide Trig Meas Operation Event B15 B11 B10 B9 B8 B7 B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 B1 BO Register 4 ORL To Operation Summary Bit OSB of Status ide trig Meas Operation Event S Re bl B15 B11 B10 B9 B5 67 B6 B5 64 83 62 B Bo EPAPle Register Idle Idle state of the 2000 amp Logical AND Trig Triggering OR Logical OR Meas Measuring Figure 4 8 Measurement event status Figure 4 9 Questionable event status Remote Operation BFL BHF BAV RAV HL LL ROF Measurement B15 B12 B11 B10 B9 B8 B7 B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 B1 BO Condition Register Y Y Y Y Y Y Y E B BHF BAV RAV HL LL ROF Measurement Event B15 B12 B11 B10 B9 B8 B7 B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 B1 BO Register OR To Measurement Summary Bit MSB of Status Byte Register See Figure 4 10 OR To Questionable
159. exposed to potential human contact Product operators in these circumstances must be trained to protect themselves from the risk of electric shock If the circuit is capable of operating at or above 1000 volts no conductive part of the circuit may be exposed Do not connect switching cards directly to unlimited power circuits They are intended to be used with impedance limited sources NEVER connect switching cards directly to AC mains When connecting sources to switching cards install protective devices to limit fault current and voltage to the card Before operating an instrument make sure the line cord is connected to a properly grounded power receptacle Inspect the connecting cables test leads and jumpers for possible wear cracks or breaks before each use When installing equipment where access to the main power cord is restricted such as rack mounting a separate main input power disconnect device must be provided in close proximity to the equipment and within easy reach of the operator 5 03 For maximum safety do not touch the product test cables or any other instruments while power is applied to the circuit under test ALWAYS remove power from the entire test system and discharge any capacitors before connecting or disconnecting cables or jumpers installing or removing switching cards or making internal changes such as installing or removing jumpers Do not touch any object that could provide a current path to the common sid
160. f Full BAV Buffer Available RAV Reading Available HL High Limit LL Low Limit ROF Reading Overflow Bit Position B15 B14 B13 B9 B8 B7 B5 B4 B3 BO Event Warn Cal Temp Decimal Weighting 16384 p 256 E 16 i 214 2 24 Value 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 Value 1 Enable Questionable Event Events Warn Command Warning 0 Disable Mask Questionable Event Cal Calibration Summary Temp Temperature Summary 5 54 SCPI Command Reference Figure 5 9 Operation event Bit Position enable register Event Decimal Weighting Value Value B15 B11 B10 B9 B8 B7 B6 B5 BA B3 B2 B1 BO Idle Trig Meas 1024 32 416 d Hoa mm emm 210 Q5 24 0 1 on1 lon 1 Enable Operation Event Events Idle Idle state of the 2000 0 Disable Mask Operation Event Trig Triggering Meas Measuring CONDiition command CONDition STATus MEASurement CONDition Read Measurement Condition Register STATus QUEStionable CONDition Read Questionable Condition Register STATus OPERation CONDition Read Operation Condition Register Description These query commands are used to read the contents of the condition PRESET command PRESET STATUS PRESET Description registers Each set of event registers except the Standard Event register set
161. fault parameter and OFF is the SYSTem PRESet default 5 8 SCPI Command Reference Table 5 3 DISPlay command summary Command Description Detault SCPI parameter DISPlay WINDow 1 Y TEXT Path to control user text messages Note 1 Y DATA lt a gt Define ASCII message a up to 12 characters Y DATA Query text message Y STATe lt b gt Enable or disable message mode Note 2 Y STATe Query text message state y ENABle lt b gt Enable or disable the front panel display Note 3 y ENABle Query state of the display Y Notes 1 RST and SYSTem PRESet has no effect on a user defined message Cycling power cancels all user defined messages 2 RST and SYSTem PRESet has no effect on the state of the message mode Cycling power disables OFF the message mode 3 RST and SYSTem PRESet has no effect on the display circuitry Cycling power enables ON the display circuitry Table 5 4 FORMat command summary Command Description Default SCPI parameter FORMat DATA lt type gt lt length gt Select data format ASCii SREal or DREal ASCii y DATA Query data format Y ELEMents lt item list Specify data elements READing CHANnel and UNITs READing ELEMents Query data elements BORDer name Select binary byte order NORMal or SWAPped SWAPped Y BORDer Query byte order Y Table 5 5 ROUTe command summary SCPI Command Reference 5 9
162. following example program sets up the Model 2000 to take 20 readings as fast as it can into the buffer then reads the data back after the buffer has filled Example Programs Example program to demonstrate the reading buffer For QuickBASIC 4 5 and CEC PC488 interface card Edit the following line to where the QuickBASIC libraries are on your computer STNCLUDE c qb45 ieeeqb bi Initialize the CEC interface as address 21 CALL initialize 21 0 Reset controls and put trigger model in IDLE state CALL SEND 16 rst status Reset STATus subsystem not affected by RST CALL SEND 16 stat pres cls status CALL SEND 16 stat meas enab 512 status enable BFL CALL SEND 16 sre 1 status enable MSB CALL SEND 16 trig coun 20 status TRACe subsystem is not affected by RST CALL SEND 16 trac poin 20 status CALL SEND 16 trac feed sensl feed cont next status Start everything CALL SEND 16 init status Initialize reading while the 2000 is busy taking readings reading SPACES 4000 WaitSRQ IF NOT srq THEN GOTO WaitSRQ CALL SPOLL 16 poll status IF poll AND 64 0 THEN GOTO WaitSRQ CALL SEND 16 stat meas status CALL ENTER S length 16 status CALL SEND 16 form elem read unit status CALL SEND 16 trac data status CALL ENTER reading length 16 status PRINT reading NOTE To repeat buffer storage send the following command and th
163. g has been released When operating from the front panel the hold process does not seek a new seed until the held condition is removed Measurement Options 3 11 Hold example 1 Enable HOLD select a window percentage and enter a count Apply test probes to a signal Once the signal becomes stable enough to satisfy the hold condition the reading is released and the beeper sounds if enabled 3 Remove the hold condition by lifting the probes Hold will then seek a new seed External triggering The EXT TRIG key selects triggering from two external sources trigger link and the TRIG key When EXT TRIG is pressed the TRIG annunciator lights and dashes are displayed to indicate that instrument is waiting for an external trigger From the front panel you can press the TRIG key to trigger a single reading Pressing the EXT TRIG key again toggles you back to continuous triggers The Model 2000 uses two lines of the Trigger Link rear panel connector as External Trigger EXT TRIG input and Voltmeter Complete VMC output The EXT TRIG line allows the Model 2000 to be triggered by other instruments The VMC line allows the Model 2000 to trigger other instruments At the factory line 1 is configured as VMC and line 2 as EXT TRIG Changing this configuration is described in the optional Model 2000 Repair Manual A connector pinout is shown in Figure 3 3 Figure 3 3 Rear Panel Pinout Pin Number Description Rear panel pinout 1
164. g readings over the bus For every reading conversion the data string sent over the bus contains the elements specified by the ELEMents command The specified elements are sent in a particular order The ASCII data format is in a direct readable form for the operator Most BASIC languages easily convert ASCII mantissa and exponent to other formats However some speed is compromised to accommodate the conversion Figure 5 1 shows the ASCII format that includes all the data elements Figure 5 1 Reading Channel ASCII data format iu ds 1 23456789E 00VDC OINTCHAN Il l l Mantissa Exponent Units INTCHAN Internal Channel EXTCHAN External Channel Units VDC DC Volts 0 No channel VAC e AC Volts 1 to 400 Channel Number ADC DC Current AAC AC Current OHM 2 wire Resistance OHM4W 4 wire Resistance HZ Frequency C Temperature in C F Temperature in F K Temperature in K An overflow reading is displayed as 9 9E37 with no units 5 28 SCPI Command Reference Figure 5 2 IEEE754 single precision data format 32 data bits Figure 5 3 IEEE754 double precision data format 64 data bits Header SREAL will select the binary IEEE754 single precision data format Figure 5 2 shows the normal byte order format for each data element For example if three valid elements are specified the data string for each reading conversion is made up of three 32 bit data blocks No
165. ges and incorporate them into the manual Safety symbols and terms The following symbols and terms may be found on the instrument or used in this manual The A symbol on the instrument indicates that the user should refer to the operating instructions located in the manual The A symbol on the instrument shows that high voltage may be present on the terminal s Use standard safety precautions to avoid personal contact with these voltages The WARNING heading used in this manual explains dangers that might result in personal injury or death Always read the associated information very carefully before performing the indicated procedure The CAUTION heading used in this manual explains hazards that could damage the instrument Such damage may invalidate the warranty Specifications Full Model 2000 specifications are included in Appendix A 1 4 General Information Inspection The Model 2000 was carefully inspected electrically and mechanically before shipment After unpacking all items from the shipping carton check for any obvious signs of physical damage that may have occurred during transit Note There may be a protective film over the display lens which can be removed Report any damage to the shipping agent immediately Save the original packing carton for possible future reshipment The following items are included with every Model 2000 order Model 2000 Multimeter with line cord Safety test leads Model 1751
166. ggers The SCPI trigger model implemented in the Model 2000 gives you e Explicit control over the trigger source the TRIGger subsystem A way for completely disabling triggers Changing any of the settings in the TRIGger subsystem does not automatically arm the Model 2000 for triggers The following program sets up the Model 2000 to take one reading each time it receives an external trigger pulse Example program to demonstrate one shot external triggering For QuickBASIC 4 5 and CEC PC488 interface card Edit the following line to where the QuickBASIC libraries are on your computer STNCLUDE c qb45 ieeeqb bi Initialize the CEC interface as address 21 CALL initialize 21 0 Reset controls and put trigger model in IDLE state CALL SEND 16 rst status CALL SEND 16 trig sour ext coun inf status start everything CALL SEND 16 init status After the Model 2000 receives the INITiate command it stops at the control source in the trigger model waiting for a trigger pulse Each time a pulse arrives at the Trigger Link connector the Model 2000 takes one reading Because TRIGger COUNt has been set to INFinity the instrument never enters the idle state You can send the ABORt command to put the instrument in the idle state disabling triggers until another INITiate command is sent Example Programs C 5 Generating SRQ on buffer full When your program must wait until the Model 2000 has completed
167. gh limit 1 Low limit 1 mX b Off Scale factor 1 0 Offset 0 0 Percent Off References 1 0 2 13 2 14 Basic Measurements Table 2 2 cont Factory defaults Setting Factory default Resistance 2 wire and 4 wire Digits 6 Filter On Count 10 Mode Moving average Range Auto Relative Off Value 0 0 Rate Medium 1 PLC RS 232 Off Baud No effect Flow No effect Tx term No effect Scanning Off Channels 1 10 Mode Internal Temperature Digits 5 Filter On Count 10 Mode Moving average Junction Simulated Temperature 23 C Relative Off Value 0 0 Rate Medium 1 PLC Thermocouple J Units C Triggers Continuous On Delay Auto Source Immediate Table 2 2 cont Basic Measurements Factory defaults Setting Factory default Voltage AC and DC dB reference No effect dBm reference 75 Digits AC 5 2 Digits DC 6 Filter On Count 10 Mode Moving average Range Auto Relative Off Value 0 0 Rate AC Medium Rate DC Medium 1 PLC DETector BANDwidth 30 GPIB primary address 2 15 The GPIB primary address of the instrument must be the same as the primary address you specify in the controller s programming language The default primary address of the instrument is 16 but you can set the address to any value from 0 to 30 by using the following step by step instructions 1 Press SHIFT then GPIB Use the A and VW keys to select ADDRess Or press ENTER Once
168. gister Register Register Register Register Register Reading Overfolw ROF L Ror O ror y 0 0 0 Low Limit LL LL 11 Hy 1 1 1 High Limit HL HL O Hn 2 2 2 3 3 3 L3 3 3 L9 3 4 4 4 L3 Measuring Meas Meas O Meas Reading Available RAV RAV 9 RAV 3 Triggering Trig Trig Trig f 6 6 6 L3 Logical 6 6 6 Logical Buffer Available BAV BAV Bav r 7 7 7 R Buffer Half Full BHF BHF 9 1 BHF gt 8 8 8 Buffer Full BFL BFL O BFL 9 9 9 10 10 9 10 i Idle Idle Idle Idle 1 1 e 1 3 1 11 eH n 12 12 12 3 12 12 12 13 13 13 A 13 13 13 14 14 14 gt 14 14 OH 14 Always Zero 15 15 e 15 Always Zero 15 15 15 4 20 Remote Operation Condition registers As Figure 4 5 shows all status register sets have a condition register A condition register is a real time read only register that constantly updates to reflect the current operating conditions of the instrument For example while a measurement is being performed bit B4 Meas of the Operation Condition Register is set When the measurement is completed bit B4 clears Use the CONDition query commands in the STATus Subsystem to read the condition registers See Section 5 for more information Event registers As Figure 4 5 shows each status register set has an event register An event register is a latched read only register whose bits are set b
169. h B15 Not used Figure 5 6 Operation event Sisto B15 B14 B12 B11 B10 B9 B8 B7 B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 B1 BO register Event Idle Trig Meas Decimal es iiem nl im Weighting m un m Value 0 0 1 o1 1 Value 1 Operation Event Set Events Idle Idle state of the 2000 0 Operation Event Cleared Trig Triggering ENABle command Meas Measuring ENABle lt Nrf gt STATus MEASurement ENABle lt NRf gt Program Measurement Event Enable Register STATus QUEStionable ENABle lt NRf gt Program Questionable Event Enable Register STATus OPERation ENABle lt NRf gt Program Operation Event Enable Register Parameters lt NRf gt 0 Clear register lt NRf gt 128 Set bit B7 1 Set bit BO 256 Set bit B8 2 Set bit B1 512 Set bit B9 4 Set bit B2 1024 Set bit B10 16 Set bit B4 16384 Set bit B14 32 Set bit B5 65535 Setall bits 64 Set bit B6 Query ENABle Query enable register Description These commands are used to set the contents of the event enable registers see Figure 5 7 Figure 5 8 and Figure 5 9 An ENABle command is sent with the decimal equivalent of the binary value that determines the desired state 0 or 1 of each bit in the appropriate register Figure 5 7 Measurement event enable register Figure 5 8 Questionable event enable register SCPI Command Reference 5 53 Each event enable register is used as a mask for events see EVENt for descriptions
170. hannel pair for 4 pole operation on an internal scanner card CLOSe chan num ROUTe CLOSe chan num Close specified channel or channel pair Parameter Description chan num X Specify channel X where X is a single channel 1 through 10 or a channel pair 1 through 5 to be closed This command lets you close a single channel or channel pair on the internal scanner card Only one channel or channel pair can be closed at a time When this command is sent any closed channels are first opened Then the specified channel or channel pair closes When using this command pole mode 2 pole or 4 pole is determined by the present measurement function With a 2 wire function selected i e DCV 2 pole switching will be performed at the scanner card The specified channel 1 through 10 will close With a 4 wire function selected i e W4 4 pole switching will be performed at the scanner card The specified channel pair 1 through 5 will close In the 4 pole mode channels are paired as follows Channel 1 is paired to Channel 6 e Channel 2 is paired to Channel 7 Channel3 is paired to Channel 8 e Channel 4 is paired to Channel 9 Channel 5 is paired to Channel 10 Examples 2 pole mode 4 pole mode rout clos 2 Close channel 2 Close channels 2 and 7 rout clos 4 Close channel 4 Close channels 5 and 9 rout clos 7 Close channel 7 Not valid When a channel or channel pair is closed using this
171. he specified voltage reference level The instrument will read OdB when the reference voltage level is applied to the input If a relative value is in effect when dB is selected the value is converted to dB then REL is applied to dB If REL is applied after dB has been selected dB has REL applied to it Configuration To set the reference voltage perform the following steps 1 After selecting dB the present reference voltage level is displayed REF 0 000000 2 To change the reference level use the lt q and keys to select the numeric position Then use the A and W keys to select the desired value Be sure to press ENTER after changing the reference voltage NOTES The dB calculation takes the absolute value of the ratio Viy VREF The largest negative value of dB is 160dB This will accommodate a ratio of Vix luV and VREF 1000V Basic Measurements 2 31 Measuring continuity The Model 2000 uses the 1k range to measure circuit continuity After selecting continuity the unit prompts you for a threshold resistance level 1Q 1000Q The Model 2000 alerts you with a beep when a reading is below the set level To measure the continuity of a circuit press SHIFT then CONT set the threshold resistance level and connect the circuit NOTE Continuity has a non selectable reading rate of FAST 0 1 PLC Connections Connect the circuit you want to test to the INPUT HI and INPUT LO terminals of the Model 2000 The test c
172. he timer condition is already satisfied and effectively is ignored 3 28 Measurement Options External scanning The example of Figure 3 16 shows the front panel operations to configure an external scan The trigger and signal connections were shown previously in Trigger operations Both instrument setups assume factory defaults Set the Model 2000 for the desired measurement function On the Model 7001 Switch System enter a scan list of channels 1 to 10 on card 1 Cre Also on the Model 7001 configure the instrument for Trigger Link triggers and one scan of ten channels On the Model 2000 Multimeter configure an external scan of the first ten channels OO Set the Model 2000 for external triggers by pressing EXT TRIG The display will be dashes Press STEP or SCAN on the Model 2000 The asterisk and STEP or SCAN annunciator will light Press STEP on the Model 7001 to start channel closures ore After the scan you can recall ten readings from the Model 2000 buffer NOTE When using an external thermocouple scanner card and channel 1 as a reference the Model 2000 only recognizes channel 1 when a step or scan is performed If using a Model 7001 or 7002 to close channel 1 manually the Model 2000 will not interpret that channel as the reference junction without a step or scan operation Measurement Options 3 29 Figure 3 16 Model 7001 Model 2000 External scanning example from reset setup from fac
173. hree sigma or 99 7 lt 1 06 of reading Rev G HW 9 25 03 2000 6 Digit Multimeter FREQUENCY AND PERIOD CHARACTERISTICS RESOLUTION ACCURACY ACV FREQUENCY PERIOD GATE ppm of 90 DAY 1 YEAR RANGE RANGE RANGE TIME reading of reading 100 mV 3Hz 333 ms ls to to to SLOW 0 3 0 01 750V 500 kHz 2 us Frequency Notes 1 Specifications are for square wave inputs only Input signal must be gt 10 of ACV range If input is lt 20mV on the 100mV range then frequency must be gt 10Hz 2 20 overrange on all ranges except 750V range TEMPERATURE CHARACTERISTICS THERMOCOUPLE 90 DAY 1 YEAR 23 C 5 C ACCURACY Relative to Using TYPE RANGE RESOLUTION Reference Junction 2001 TCSCAN J 200 to 760 C 0 001 C 0 5 C 0 65 C K 200 to 1372 C 0 001 C 0 5 C 0 70 C T 200 to 400 C 0 001 C 0 5 C 0 68 C Temperature Notes 1 For temperatures 100 C add 0 1 C and gt 900 C add 0 3 C 2 Temperature can be displayed in C K or E 3 Accuracy based on ITS 90 4 Exclusive of thermocouple error 5 Specifications apply to channels 2 6 Add 0 06 C channel from channel 6 INTERNAL SCANNER SPEED MAXIMUM INTERNAL SCANNER RATES RANGE Channels s TRIGGER DELAY 0 2 WIRE 4 WIRE DCV ACV23 OHMS OHMS TEMPERATURE All 110 All 100 All 105 10MQ 33 All 60 TRIGGER DELAY AUTO 2 WIRE 4 WIRE DCV ACV 3 OHMS OHMS TEMPERATURE 0 1V 105 All 1 8 100 2 85 100 0 29 All 60 1V 105 1kQ 85 1kQ 29
174. ide by side in a standard 19 inch rack Carrying case Model 1050 Padded Carrying Case A carrying case for a Model 2000 Includes handles and shoulder strap 2 Basic Measurements 2 2 Basic Measurements Introduction This section summarizes front panel operation of the Model 2000 It is organized as follows Front panel summary Includes an illustration and summarizes keys display and connections Rear panel summary Includes an illustration and summarizes connections Power up Describes connecting the instrument to line power the power up sequence the warm up time and default conditions Display Discusses the display format and messages that may appear while using the instrument Measuring voltage Covers DC and AC voltage measurement connections and low level voltage considerations Measuring current Covers DC and AC current measurement connections and current fuse replacement Measuring resistance Details two and four wire measurement connections and shielding considerations Measuring frequency and period Covers frequency and period measurement connections Measuring temperature Describes the use of thermocouples for temperature measurements Math Covers the mX b percent dBm and dB math functions performed on single readings Measuring continuity Explains setting up and measuring continuity of a circuit Testing diodes Describes testing general purpose and zener d
175. idle operation proceeds through the flowchart Output Trigger Device Action Control source and event detection The control source holds up operation until the programmed event occurs and is detected The control sources are described as follows Immediate With this control source event detection is immediately satisfied allowing operation to continue External Event detection is satisfied for any of three conditions An input trigger via the Trigger Link line EXT TRIG is received A bus trigger GET or TRG is received The front panel TRIG key is pressed The Model 2000 must be taken out of remote before it will respond to the TRIG key Use the LOCAL key or send LOCAL 716 over the bus Delay Measurement Options 3 9 A programmable delay is available after event detection It can be set manually or an auto delay can be used With auto delay the Model 2000 selects a delay based on the function and range The AUTO settings are listed in Table 3 2 Table 3 2 Auto delay settings Function DCV ACV FREQ DCI ACI Q2W Q4W Continuity Diode testing 100mV lms 100mV 400ms 100mV lms 10mA 2ms 10002 3ms 1V lms 1V 400ms 1V lms 100mA 2ms 1kQ 3ms 1kQ 3ms ImA Ims Range and delay 10V 100V 1000V lms 5ms 5ms 10V 100V 750V 400ms 400ms 400ms 10V 100V 750V lms lms lms 1A 3A 2ms 2ms 1A 3A 400ms 400ms 1
176. idth lt n gt Specify maximum bandwidth for ACI SENSe 1 VOLTage AC DETector BANDwidth lt n gt Specify maximum bandwidth for ACV Parameters Query Description n 3 to 300e3 Specify bandwidth in Hz BANDwidth Query selected bandwidth The Model 2000 uses three bandwidth settings for ACI and ACV measurements 3 3Hz 300kHz 30 30Hz 300kHz and 300 300Hz 300kHz To achieve best accuracy you should use the bandwidth setting that best reflects the frequency of the input signal For example if the input signal is 40Hz then a bandwidth setting of 30 should be used These commands are used to select bandwidth for the ACI and ACV functions To set the bandwidth simply specify approximately the frequency of the input signal The Model 2000 will automatically select the optimum bandwidth setting NOTE For bandwidth setting of 3 and 30 the normal AID reading conversion method is not used Thus the NPLC setting is only valid for bandwidth setting of 300 SCPI Command Reference 5 47 iTHReshold commands Use these commands to set the maximum range input signal level for frequency and period measurements RANGe lt n gt SENSe 1 PERiod THReshold VOL Tage RANGe lt n gt Set voltage threshold range SENSe 1 FREQuency THReshold VOLTage RANGe n Set voltage threshold range Parameters n Oto 1010 Specify signal level in volts voltage threshold Query RANGe Query maximum signal level Descript
177. ify resolution for O4 SENSe 1 PERiod DIGits n Specify resolution for PER SENSe 1 FREQuency DIGits n Specify resolution for FREQ SENSe 1 TEMPerature DIGits lt n gt Specify resolution for TEMP Parameters lt n gt 4 31 digits 5 41 digits 6 51 digits 7 61 digits DEFault 61 digits for DCI DCV 02 O4 FREQ PER 5 digits for ACI ACV TEMP MINimum 3 for DCI ACI ACV DCV 02 O4 TEMP MAXIMUM 6 digits for DCI ACI ACV DCV 2 O4 TEMP Query DIGits Query selected resolution DIGits DEFault Query RST default resolution DIGits MINimum Query minimum allowable resolution DIGits MAXimum Query maximum allowable resolution Description These commands are used to select display resolution for the specified measurement function Even though the parameters for this command are expressed as integers 4 to 7 you can specify resolution using real numbers For example to select 312 digit resolution let n 3 5 for 4 digit let lt n gt 4 5 and so on Internally the instrument rounds the entered parameter value to the nearest integer SCPI Command Reference 5 45 AVERage commands The AVERage commands are used to configure and control the filter The Filter is explained in Section 3 SSTATe lt b gt SENSe 1 CURRent AC AVERage STATe lt b gt Control filter for ACI SENSe 1 CURRent DC AVERage STATe lt b gt Control filter for DCI SENSe 1 VOLTage AC AVERage STATe lt b gt Control f
178. ilter for ACV SENSe 1 VOLTage DC AVERage STATe lt b gt Control filter for DCV SENSe 1 RESistance AVERage STATe lt b gt Control filter for Q2 SENSe 1 FRESistance AVERage STATe lt b gt Control filter for Q4 SENSe 1 TEMPerature AVERage STATe lt b gt Control filter for TEMP Parameters lt b gt Oor OFF Disable the digital filter lorON Enable the digital filter Query STATe Query state of digital filter Description These commands are used to enable or disable the digital averaging filter for the specified function When enabled readings will be filtered according to how the filter is configured CONtrol lt name gt SENSe 1 CURRent AC AVERage TCONtrol lt name gt Select filter type for ACI SENSe 1 CURRent DC AVERage TCONtrol lt name gt Select filter type for DCI SENSe 1 VOLTage AC AVERage TCONtrol lt name gt Select filter type for ACV SENSe 1 VOLTage DC AVERage TCONtrol lt name gt Select filter type for DCV SENSe 1 RESistance AVERage TCONtrol lt name gt Select filter type for Q2 SENSe 1 FRESistance AVERage TCONtrol lt name gt Select filter type for O4 SENSe 1 TEMPerature AVERage TCONtrol lt name gt Select filter type for TEMP Parameters name REBPeat Select repeating filter MOVing Select moving filter Query TCONtrol Query filter type Description These commands are used to select the type of averaging filter REPeat or MOVing for the specified function These filt
179. imer Parameters n 0 001 to 999999 999 Specify timer interval in seconds Query TIMer Query programmed timer interval Description These commands are used to set the interval for the timer Note that the timer is in effect only if the timer is the selected control source SSIGNal TRIGger SEQuence 1 SIGNal Bypass measure control source Description This action command is used to bypass the specified control source when you do not wish to wait for the programmed event Keep in mind that the instrument must be waiting for the appropriate event when the command is sent Otherwise an error occurs and this command is ignored 5 68 SCPI Command Reference SAMPle Command SSAMPIe COUNt lt NRf gt Set sample count Parameter Query Description UNIT subsystem lt NRf gt 1 to 1024 COUNt Query the sample count This command specifies the sample count The sample count defines how many times operation loops around in the trigger model to perform a device action NOTE f sample count is gt l you cannot use the READ command if there are readings stored in the buffer The UNIT subsystem is used to configure and control the measurement units for TEMP ACV and DCV and is summarized in Table 5 11 TEMPerature command TEMPerature lt name gt UNITTTEMPerature lt name gt Specify TEMP units Parameters lt name gt C or CEL C temperature units F or FAR F temperature units K K temperature units Qu
180. ing statistics and reading limit testing are described in Section 3 Measurement Options The procedure to select and configure a math operation is summarized as follows 1 Press SHIFT then the appropriate math key 2 Configure the parameters for the math operation Press ENTER when done Press SHIFT then the related math function to end the calculation NOTES Once enabled for a function the mX b and percentage calculations are in effect across function changes The Model 2000 uses IEEE 754 floating point format for math calculations 2 28 Basic Measurements MX B This math operation lets you manipulate normal display readings X mathematically according to the following calculation Y mX b where X is the normal display reading m and b are user entered constants for scale factor and offset Y is the displayed result Configuration To configure the mX b calculation perform the following steps 1 Press SHIFT then MX B to display the present scale factor M 1 000000 2 Enter a value and units prefix Use the lt and keys to choose a numerical place and use the A and W keys to increment or decrement the digits 3 Press ENTER to confirm the M value and display the B value B 00 00000 m 4 Enter a value and units prefix 5 Press ENTER to confirm the B value and display the UNITS designation MXB 6 Scroll through the letters to change and press ENTER when done The Model 2000 then displays the
181. iodes Basic Measurements 2 3 Front panel summary The front panel of the Model 2000 is shown in Figure 2 1 This figure includes important abbreviated information that should be reviewed before operating the instrument Figure 2 1 Model 2000 front panel KEITHLEY 2000 MULTIMETER DELAY HOLD LIMITS ON OFF TEST CAL EX TRIG TRIG STORE RECALL FILTER REL SAVE SETUP SONFIG_HALT GPIB RS232 C OPEN CLOSE STEP SCAN DIGITS RATE EXIT ENTER 1 Function keys shifted and unshifted Select measurement function DC and AC voltage DC and AC current 2 wire and 4 wire resistance frequency period temperature with thermocouples math function mX b 96 dBm dB or special function continuity diode test 2 Operation keys EXTRIG TRIG STORE RECALL FILTER REL 4 and gt OPEN CLOSE STEP SCAN DIGITS RATE EXIT ENTER SHIFT LOCAL Selects external triggers front panel bus trigger link as the trigger source Triggers a measurement from the front panel Enables reading storage Displays stored readings and buffer statistics maximum minimum average standard deviation Use A and V to scroll through buffer use lt q and to toggle between reading number and reading Displays digital filter status for present function and toggles filter on off Enables disables relative reading on present function Moves through selections within functions and operations If scanner card insta
182. ion These commands are used to specify the expected input level The instrument will then automatically select the most sensitive current or voltage threshold range Thermocouple commands TYPE lt name gt SENSe 1 TEMPerature TCouple TYPE lt name gt Specify TC type Parameters lt name gt J Set operation for Type J thermocouples K Set operation for Type K thermocouples T Set operation for Type T thermocouples Query TYPE Query thermocouple type Description This command is used to configure the Model 2000 for the thermocouple type that you are using to make temperature measurements These commands are used to configure the reference junction for thermocouple temperature measurements RSELect lt name gt SENSe 1 TEMPerature TCouple RJUNction 1 RSELect lt name gt Specify reference junction type Parameters name SIMulated Use simulated temperature as reference REAL Use a measured temperature as reference Query RSELect Query reference junction type Description This command is used to specify the type of reference junction that is going to be used for thermocouple temperature measurements Specify REAL if you are using an actual reference junction The REAL command is then used to specify the desired reference temperature Specify SIMulated if you wish to use a simulated reference temperature The SIMulated command is then used to specify the desired simulated reference temperature 5 48 SCPI Command Refe
183. is the firmware revision levels of the digital board ROM and display board ROM 4 44 Remote Operation OPC Operation Complete Setthe OPC bit in the standard event status register after all pending commands are complete Description On power up or when the CLS or RST is executed the Model 2000 goes into the Operation Complete Command Idle State OCIS In this state no pending overlapped commands exist The Model 2000 has three overlapped commands e INITiate e INITiate CONTinuous ON e TRG When you send the OPC command the Model 2000 exits from OCIS and enters the Operation Complete Command Active State OCAS In OCAS the instrument continuously monitors the No Operation Pending flag After the last pending overlapped command is completed No Operation Pending flag set to true the Operation Complete OPC bit in the Standard Event Status Register sets and the instrument goes back into OCIS Note that the instrument always goes into OCAS when OPC is executed If no pending command operations are present e g trigger model in idle state the Model 2000 immediately sets the OPC bit and returns to OCIS When used with the INITiate or INITiate CONTinuous ON command the OPC bit of the Standard Event Status Register will not set until the Model 2000 goes back into the idle state The initiate operations are not considered finished until the instrument goes into idle When used with the TRG command the OPC bit will
184. ister Bit B6 in the Status Byte Register is either The Master Summary Status MSS bit sent in response to the STB command indicates the status of any set bits with corresponding enable bits set The Request for Service RQS bit sent in response to a serial poll indicates which device was requesting service by pulling on the SRQ line For a description of the other bits in the Status Byte Register see Common commands STB The IEEE 488 2 standard uses the following common query command to read the Status Byte Register STB When reading the Status Byte Register using the STB command bit B6 is called the MSS bit None of the bits in the Status Byte Register are cleared when using the STB command to read it The IEEE 488 1 standard has a serial poll sequence that also reads the Status Byte Register and is better suited to detect a service request SRQ When using the serial poll bit B6 is called the RQS bit Serial polling causes bit B6 RQS to reset Serial polling is discussed in more detail later in this section entitled Serial Poll and SRQ Any of the following operations clear all bits of the Status Byte Register Cycling power Sending the CLS common command Note The MAV bit may or may not be cleared Remote Operation 4 27 Service request enable register This register is programmed by you and serves as a mask for the Status Summary Message bits BO B2 B3 B4 B5 and B7 of the S
185. l 2 SOURce Query control source TIMer n Set timer interval 0 001 to 999999 999 sec 0 1 Y TIMer Request the programmed timer interval Y SIGNal Loop around control source y SAMPle y COUNt lt NRf gt Specify sample count 1 to 1024 1 COUNt Query sample count Notes 1 Defaults for continuous initiation SYSTem PRESet enables continuous initiation RST disables continuous initiation 2 Defaults for count SYSTem PRESet sets the count to INF infinite RST sets the count to 1 5 18 SCPI Command Reference Table 5 11 UNIT command summary Command Description Default SCPI parameter UNIT TEMPerature name Select temperature measurement units C F or K C Y TEMPerature Query temperature units y VOLTage Path to configure voltage units AC lt name gt Select ACV measurement units V DB or DBM V DB Path to set DB reference voltage REFerence n Specify reference in volts le 7 to 1000 1 REFerence Query DB reference DBM Path to set DBM reference impedance IMPedance n Specify reference impedance 1 to 9999 75 IMPedance Query DBM reference impedance AC Query ACV units DC name Select DCV measurement units V DB or DBM V DB Path to set DB reference voltage REFerence n Specify reference in volts 1e 7 to 1000 1 REFerence Query reference DBM Path to set DBM reference impedance QMPedance n Specify reference impedance 1 to 9999
186. l Multimeter NOTE The 196 199 and 8840A 8842A languages are intended to be used only over the IEEE 486 bus Using front panel controls with these languages may result in erratic operation In this case results cannot be guaranteed The factory sets the language selection as SCPI You only can select a programming language from the front panel The language selection is stored in non volatile memory which means it does not change when power has been off or after a remote interface reset Table 4 1 shows the languages supported by the two available interfaces Table 4 1 Language support Language GPIB RS 232 SCPI Yes Yes Keithley Models 196 199 Yes No Fluke Model 8840A 8842A Yes No As you make your language selection keep in mind that the language you select determines the remote operations allowed To select a programming language follow these steps 1 Access the GPIB configuration options by pressing SHIFT then GPIB You see GPIB ON with GPIB blinking 2 Select the language configuration option by pressing the ENTER key twice You see LANG lt name gt a mode Move to the language selection field by pressing the f key 4 Select the programming language you want by pressing the W or A key until you see the appropriate language The menu scrolls through these choices SCPI 199 Keithley Models 196 199 and 8842 Fluke Model 8840A 88424A 5 Confirm your selection by pressing ENTER The multi
187. le event register sese 5 51 Operation event register sese 5 52 Measurement event enable register eese 5 53 Questionable event enable register eeeeee 5 53 Operation event enable register see 5 54 Key press codes eese nete 5 61 IEEE 488 Bus Overview IEEE 488 bus configuration eene E 5 IEEE 488 handshake sequence eese E 7 Command Codes 3 etes tede tron e esaii E 12 List of Tables 2 Table 2 1 Table 2 2 3 Table 3 1 Table 3 2 Table 3 3 4 Table 4 1 Table 4 2 Table 4 3 Table 4 4 5 Table 5 1 Table 5 2 Table 5 3 Table 5 4 Table 5 5 Table 5 6 Table 5 7 Table 5 8 Table 5 9 Table 5 10 Table 5 11 B Table B 1 D Table D 1 Table D 2 Basic Measurements Fuse ratings ient deeem bestreiten 2 9 Factory defaults eese 2 13 Measurement Options Rate settings for the measurement functions 3 7 Auto delay settings eese 3 9 Bus commands parameters for stepping and scanning COUDters essesseeeeeereeeneenne eene ennemi 3 26 Remote Operation Language support 1 eeeeeectetre ra cte net ses eade dis 4 4 RS 232 connector pinout eseeeeeeeeeee 4 8 General bus commands and associated statements 4 14 IEEE 488 2 common commands and queries 4 39
188. lements the standard Paragraph 4 9 of the IEEE 488 2 standard Std 488 2 1987 lists the documentation requirements Table F 1 provides a summary of the requirements and provides the information or references the manual for that information Table F 2 lists the coupled commands used by the Model 2000 The Model 2000 complies with SCPI version 1991 0 Table 5 2 through Table 5 11 list the SCPI confirmed commands and the non SCPI commands implemented by the Model 2000 Table F 1 IEEE 488 documentation requirements 1 2 3 4 5 a b c d e 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Requirements IEEE 488 Interface Function Codes Behavior of 2000 when the address is set outside the range 0 30 Behavior of 2000 when valid address is entered Power On Setup Conditions Message Exchange Options Input buffer size Queries that return more than one response message unit Queries that generate a response when parsed Queries that generate a response when read Coupled commands Functional elements required for SCPI commands Buffer size limitations for block data Syntax restrictions Response syntax for every query command Device to device message transfer that does not follow rules of the standard Block data response size Common Commands implemented by 2000 Calibration query information Trigger macro for DDT
189. lent to CALCulate2 IMMediate DATA Description The IMMediate command is used to perform the selected CALC2 operation on the readings in the buffer assuming CALC2 is enabled see STATe After performing the calculation the result can be read by using the CALCulate2 DATA query command Another way to perform the calculation and read the result is to use the query form of the command IMMediate When this command is sent the calculation is performed and the result is queried Program This example assumes that there are readings stored in the buffer and that CALC2 is enabled PRINT 1 output 02 calc2 form max Select format PRINT 1 output 02 calc2 imm Perform math and query result PRINT 1 enter 02 Get response from 2000 DATA CALCulate2 DATA Read CALC2 result Description This query command is used to read the result of the CALC2 calculation If CALC2 is disabled or NONE is selected the raw reading will be read CALCulate3 These commands are used to configure and control the CALC3 limit test DATA n CALCulate3 LIMit 1 UPPer DATA n Specify upper limit1 CALCulate3 LIMit 1 LOWEer DATA n Specify lower limit Parameters n 100e6 to 100e6 Specify limit value DEFault Set specified upper limit to 1 Set specified lower limit to 1 MINimum Set specified limit to 100e6 MAXimum Set specified limit to 100e6 Description This command is used to specify the upper
190. lled manually scans channels Opens all channels on internal scanner card stops scanning Closes selected internal channel Steps through channels sends a trigger after each channel Scans through channels sends a trigger after last channel Changes number of digits of resolution Changes reading rate fast medium slow Cancels selection moves back to measurement display Accepts selection moves to next choice or back to measurement display Used to access shifted keys Cancels GPIB remote mode 2 4 Basic Measurements 3 Shifted operation keys DELAY HOLD LIMITS ON OFF TEST CAL SAVE SETUP CONFIG HALT GPIB RS232 4 Range keys A v AUTO Sets user delay between trigger and measurement Holds reading when the selected number of samples is within the selected tolerance Sets upper and lower limit values for readings Enables disables limits selects beeper operation for limit testing Selects built in tests diagnostics display test Accesses calibration Saves present configuration for power on user default Restores factory or user default configuration Selects minimum maximum channels timer and reading count for step scan Turns off step scan Enables disables GPIB interface selects address and language Enables disables RS 232 interface selects baud rate flow control terminator Moves to higher range increments digit moves to next selection Moves to lower range decrements digit mo
191. low EOT 04 4 4 Returns high Assumes primary address 16 Table E 4 gives a typical common command sequence In this instance ATN is true while the instrument is being addressed but it is set high while sending the common command string Table E 4 Typical addressed command sequence Data bus Step Command ATN state ASCII Hex Decimal 1 UNL Set low 3F 63 2 LAG Stays low 0 30 48 3 Data Set high t 2A 42 4 Data Stays high R 52 82 5 Data Stays high S 53 83 6 Data Stays high T 54 84 Assumes primary address 16 E 14 IEEE 488 Bus Overview IEEE command groups Command groups supported by the Model 2000 are listed in Table E 5 Common commands and SCPI commands are not included in this list Table E 5 IEEE command groups HANDSHAKE COMMAND GROUP NDAC NOT DATA ACCEPTED NRFD NOT READY FOR DATA DAV DATA VALID UNIVERSAL COMMAND GROUP ATN ATTENTION DCL DEVICE CLEAR IFC INTERFACE CLEAR REN REMOTE ENABLE SPD SERIAL POLL DISABLE SPE SERIAL POLL ENABLE ADDRESS COMMAND GROUP LISTEN LAG LISTEN ADDRESS GROUP MLA MY LISTEN ADDRESS UNL UNLISTEN TALK TAG TALK ADDRESS GROUP MTA MY TALK ADDRESS UNT UNTALK OTA OTHER TALK ADDRESS ADDRESSED COMMAND GROUP ACG ADDRESSED COMMAND GROUP GTL GO TO LOCAL SDC SELECTIVE DEVICE CLEAR STATUS COMMAND GROUP RQS REQUEST SERVICE SRQ SERIAL POLL REQUEST STB STATUS BYT
192. mand header error EE 109 Missing parameter EE 108 Parameter not allowed EE 105 GET not allowed EE 104 Data type error EE 103 Invalid separator EE 102 Syntax error EE 101 Invalid character EE 100 Command error EE 000 No error SE 101 Operation complete SE 121 Device calibrating SE 122 Device settling SE 123 Device ranging SE 124 Device sweeping SE 125 Device measuring SE 126 Device calculating SE 161 Program running SE 171 Waiting in trigger layer SE 174 Re entering the idle layer SE 301 Reading overflow SE 302 Low limit 1 event SE 303 High limit 1 event SE 304 Low limit 2 event SE 305 High limit 2 event SE 306 Reading available SE 307 Voltmeter complete SE B 3 B 4 Status and Error Messages Table B 1 Status and error messages Number Description Event 308 Buffer available SE 309 Buffer half full SE 310 Buffer full SE 311 Buffer overflow SE Calibration messages 400 10 vdc zero error EE 401 100 vdc zero error EE 402 10 vdc full scale error EE 403 10 vdc full scale error EE 404 100 vdc full scale error EE 405 100 vdc full scale error EE 406 1k 2 w zero error EE 407 10k 2 w zero error EE 408 100k 2 w zero error EE 409 10M 2 w zero error EE 410 10M 2 w full scale error EE 411 10M 2 w open error EE 412 1k 4 w zero error EE 413 10k 4 w zero error EE 414 100k 4 w zero error EE 415 10M 4 w sense lo zero error EE 416 1k 4 w full scale error EE 417 10k
193. meter returns to the measurement Remote Operation 4 5 SCPI Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments SCPI is fully supported by the GPIB and RS 232 interfaces Always calibrate the Model 2000 multimeter using the SCPI language Keithley Models 196 199 Digital Multimeter The Model 2000 multimeter implements virtually all commands available in the Keithley Models 196 199 digital multimeter except for the self test and calibration commands The commands are listed in Appendix D See the Models 196 199 Digital Multimeter user manuals for more information about remote programming Fluke Model 8840A 8842A Digital Multimeter The Model 2000 Multimeter implements virtually all commands available in the Fluke Models 8840A and 8842A digital multimeter except for the self test and calibration commands The commands are listed in Appendix D See the Fluke user manual for more information about remote programming 4 6 Remote Operation RS 232 operation Sending and receiving data The RS 232 interface transfers data using 8 data bits 1 stop bit and no parity Make sure the controller you connect to the multimeter also uses these settings You can break data transmissions by sending a C or X character string to the multimeter This clears any pending operation and discards any pending output Selecting baud rate The baud rate is the rate at which the Model 2000 multimeter and the programming terminal communicate Ch
194. modem DB 9 cable IEEE 488 Connector for IEEE 488 GPIB operation Use a shielded cable such as Models 7007 1 and 7007 2 Power module Contains the AC line receptacle power line fuse and line voltage setting The Model 2000 can be configured for line voltages of 100V 120V 220V 240VAC at line frequencies of 45Hz to 66Hz or 360Hz to 440Hz 2 8 Basic Measurements Power up Line power connection Follow the procedure below to connect the Model 2000 to line power and turn on the instrument 1l Check to see that the line voltage selected on the rear panel see Figure 2 3 is correct for the operating voltage in your area If not refer to the next procedure Setting line voltage and replacing fuse CAUTION Operating the instrument on an incorrect line voltage may cause damage to the instrument possibly voiding the warranty 2 Before plugging in the power cord make sure that the front panel power switch is in the off 0 position 3 Connect the female end of the supplied power cord to the AC receptacle on the rear panel Connect the other end of the power cord to a grounded AC outlet WARNING The power cord supplied with the Model 2000 contains a separate ground wire for use with grounded outlets When proper connections are made instrument chassis is connected to power line ground through the ground wire in the power cord Failure to use a grounded outlet may result in personal injury or death due to electric shock
195. n eesssssssseeeeseeeee eene enne enne nnns E 2 B s description neret reete etre ipe oe ege dave E 4 liu c anrai E 6 Data NES MT E M SiE E 6 Bus management lines eere E 6 Handshake lines mittes E 7 Bus commands esessssseeeeeeeeeeeeenn nennen nnne nnne nnns E 8 Uniline commands eerte rennen E 9 Universal multiline commands eee E 9 Addressed multiline commands eese E 10 Address commands essen E 10 Unaddress commands seen E 10 Common commands sess E 11 SCPI commands sssi iecit eee te Iiis E 11 Command codes sss E 11 Typical command sequences eee E 13 IEEE command groups eese E 14 Interface function codes sss E 15 F IEEE 488 and SCPI Conformance Information Introduction uit RE erc Uri ROSE ches F 2 List of Illustrations 2 Figure 2 1 Figure 2 2 Figure 2 3 Figure 2 4 Figure 2 5 Figure 2 6 Figure 2 7 Figure 2 8 Figure 2 9 Figure 2 10 3 Figure 3 1 Figure 3 2 Figure 3 3 Figure 3 4 Figure 3 5 Figure 3 6 Figure 3 7 Figure 3 8 Figure 3 9 Figure 3 10 Figure 3 11 Figure 3 12 Figure 3 13 Figure 3 14 Figure 3 15 Figure 3 16 4 Figure 4 1 Figure 4 2 Figure 4 3 Figure 4 4 Figure 4 5 Figure 4 6 Basic Measurements Model 2000 front
196. n a multi byte transfer sequence thus allowing data words of various lengths to be transmitted easily IFC Interface Clear IFC is used to clear the interface and return all devices to the talker and listener idle states ATN Attention The controller sends ATN while transmitting addresses or multiline commands SRQ Service Request SRQ is asserted by a device when it requires service from a controller Universal multiline commands Universal commands are those multiline commands that require no addressing All devices equipped to implement such commands will do so simultaneously when the commands are transmitted As with all multiline commands these commands are transmitted with ATN true LLO Local Lockout LLO is sent to the instrument to lock out the LOCAL key and thus all their front panel controls DCL Device Clear DCL is used to return instruments to some default state Usually instruments return to their power up conditions SPE Serial Poll Enable SPE is the first step in the serial polling sequence which is used to determine which device has requested service SPD Serial Poll Disable SPD is used by the controller to remove all devices on the bus from the serial poll mode and is generally the last command in the serial polling sequence E 10 IEEE 488 Bus Overview Addressed multiline commands Addressed commands are multiline commands that must be preceded by the device listen ad
197. n live circuits and perform safe installations and repairs of products Only properly trained service personnel may perform installation and service procedures Keithley products are designed for use with electrical signals that are rated Measurement Category I and Measurement Category II as described in the International Electrotechnical Commission IEC Standard IEC 60664 Most measurement control and data I O signals are Measurement Category I and must not be directly connected to mains voltage or to voltage sources with high transient over voltages Measurement Category II connections require protection for high transient over voltages often associated with local AC mains connections Assume all measurement control and data I O connections are for connection to Category I sources unless otherwise marked or described in the Manual Exercise extreme caution when a shock hazard is present Lethal voltage may be present on cable connector jacks or test fixtures The American National Standards Institute ANSI states that a shock hazard exists when voltage levels greater than 30V RMS 42 4V peak or 60VDC are present A good safety practice is to expect that hazardous voltage is present in any unknown circuit before measuring Operators of this product must be protected from electric shock at all times The responsible body must ensure that operators are prevented access and or insulated from every connection point In some cases connections must be
198. n rate line cycles 0 01 to 10 1 y NPLCycles Query line cycle integration rate y RANGe Path to configure measurement range y UPPer lt n gt Select range 0 to 3 1 3 y UPPer Query range y AUTO lt b gt Enable or disable auto range ON y AUTO Query auto range y REFerence lt n gt Specify reference 3 1 to 3 1 0 Y STATe lt b gt Enable or disable reference OFF Y STATe Query state of reference Y ACQuire Use input signal as reference REFerence Query reference value Y DIGits n Specify measurement resolution 4 to 7 7 DIGits Query resolution AVERage Path to configure and control the filter TCONtrol name Select filter type MOVing or REPeat Note TCONtrol Query filter type COUNt lt n gt Specify filter count 1 to 100 10 COUNt Query filter count STATe lt b gt Enable or disable filter OFF STATe Query state of digital filter Table 5 6 cont SENSe command summary SCPI Command Reference 5 11 Command Description Detault SCPI parameter VOLTage AC Path to configure AC voltage y NPLCycles lt n gt Set integration rate line cycles 0 01 to 10 1 Y NPLCycles Query line cycle integration rate Y RANGe Path to configure measurement range Y UPPer n Select range 0 to 757 5 757 5 Y UPPer Query range Y AUTO lt b gt Enable or disable auto range ON Y AUTO Query auto range Y REFerence n Specify reference 757 5 t
199. n two or more electronic devices A device can be either an instrument or a computer When a computer is used on the bus it serves to supervise the communication exchange between all the devices and is known as the controller Supervision by the controller consists of determining which device will talk and which device will listen As a talker a device will output information and as a listener a device will receive information To simplify the task of keeping track of the devices a unique address number is assigned to each one On the bus only one device can talk at a time and is addressed to talk by the controller The device that is talking is known as the active talker The devices that need to listen to the talker are addressed to listen by the controller Each listener is then referred to as an active listener Devices that do not need to listen are instructed to unlisten The reason for the unlisten instruction is to optimize the speed of bus information transfer since the task of listening takes up bus time IEEE 488 Bus Overview E 3 Through the use of control lines a handshake sequence takes place in the transfer process of information from a talker to a listener This handshake sequence helps ensure the credibility of the information transfer The basic handshake sequence between an active controller talker and a listener is as follows 1 The listener indicates that it is ready to listen The talker places the byte of data on th
200. n used with the TRG command an ASCII 1 will not be placed into the Output Queue and the MAV bit will not set until the operations associated with the TRG command and the initiate command are finished The TRG command is considered to be finished when the Device Action completes or when operation stops at a control source to wait for an event see the Trigger Model in this section To use OPC exclusively with the TRG command first force the completion of the initiate command so that only the TRG command is pending To do this send the ABORt command to place the instrument in idle which by definition completes the initiate command Since continuous initiation is on operation continues on into the Trigger Model After sending the TRG command an ASCII 1 is placed in the Output Queue and the MAV bit sets when the TRG command is finished After OPC is executed additional commands cannot be sent to the Model 2000 until the pending overlapped commands are finished For example INITiate CONTinuous ON followed by OPC locks up the instrument and requires a device clear DCL or SDC before it will accept any more commands Note See OPC TRG and WAI for more information Remote Operation 4 47 Program Fragment PRINT 1 output 16 syst pres Select defaults PRINT 1 output 16 init cont off abort Place 2000 in idle PRINT 1 output 16 trig coun 1 sour tim PRINT 1 output 16
201. nal channel closures connect the Trigger Link lines of the multimeter and switching mainframe Refer to Trigger operations earlier in this section for details and an example on using external triggering Measurement Options 3 21 Front panel scanner controls In addition to the trigger keys discussed previously front panel keys that affect scanner card operation include lt q and gt Allow you to manually step through consecutive internal card channels OPEN and CLOSE Let you selectively open and close internal card channels e SHIFT CONFIG Selects internal or external scanning scan list time between scans and reading count STEP Starts a stepping operation of consecutive channels where output triggers are sent after every channel closure SCAN Starts a scanning operation of consecutive channels where an output trigger is sent at the end of the scan list e SHIFT HALT Stops stepping or scanning and restores the trigger model to a non scanning mode Using lt and keys The d and gt keys can be used to manually scan through channels on the internal scanner card With a scanner card installed in the option slot press the gt key to manually increment channels or the key to manually decrement channels The annunciator of the closed channel is lit Hold down either key to manually scan through channels continuously Press OPEN to open all channels Using OPEN and CLOSE keys The
202. nce level of 1 is 1V on all DCV measurement ranges DBM IMPedance lt n gt UNIT VOLTage DC DBM IMPedance lt n gt Specify dB reference Parameters lt n gt 1 to 9999 Specify reference impedance Query IMPedance Description This command is used to specify the dBm reference impedance level When dBm units is selected DCV dBm measurements are made using the specified dBm reference impedance The reference impedance is specified in ohms and is not range dependent For example a dBm reference level of 600 is 600 on all DCV measurement ranges A rational number is rounded to the nearest valid integer value Specifications 2000 6 Digit Multimeter DC CHARACTERISTICS CONDITIONS MED 1 PLC or SLOW 10 PLC or MED 1 PLC with filter of 10 ACCURACY ppm of reading ppm of range ppm parts per million e g 1Oppm 0 001 TEMPERATURE TEST CURRENT COEFFICIENT RESO OR BURDEN INPUT 24 HOUR 90 DAY 1 YEAR 0 18 C amp FUNCTION RANGE LUTION VOLTAGE 5 RESISTANCE 23 C 1 23 C 5 23 C 5 28 50 C Voltage 100 0000 mV 0 1 pV gt 10GQ 30 30 40 35 50 35 2 6 1 000000 V 1 0 pV 10GQ 1546 2547 3047 241 10 00000 V 10 pV 10GQ 1544 2045 3045 241 100 0000 V 100 pV 10 MO 1 1546 3046 4546 541 1000 000 V 1mV 10 MO 1 2046 3546 4546 541 Resistance 5 100 0000 Q 100 pQ 1mA 304 30 80 40 100 40 846 1 000000 KQ 1mQ 1mA 2046 80410 100 10 841 10 00000 KQ 10mQ 100 pA 20 6 80 10 100 10 841 10
203. ndary addresses lie in the range of 60 7F Note however that many devices including the Model 2000 do not use secondary addressing Once a device is addressed to talk or listen the appropriate bus transactions take place For example if the instrument is addressed to talk it places its data string on the bus one byte at a time The controller reads the information and the appropriate software can be used to direct the information to the desired location Figure E 1 IEEE 488 bus configuration DEVICE 1 ABLE TO TALK LISTEN AND CONTROL COMPUTER DEVICE 2 ABLE TO TALK AND LISTEN 7001 DEVICE 3 ONLY ABLE TO LISTEN PRINTER DEVICE 4 ONLY ABLE TO TALK IEEE 488 Bus Overview TO OTHER DEVICES Hat Ht DATA BUS DATA BYTE TRANSFER CONTROL GENERAL INTERFACE MANAGEMENT L D101 8DATA 8 LINES DAV NRFD HANDSHAKE NDAC IFC ATN SRQ BUS REN MANAGEMENT EOI E 6 IEEE 488 Bus Overview Bus lines The signal lines on the IEEE 488 bus are grouped into three different categories data lines management lines and handshake lines The data lines handle bus data and commands while the management and handshake lines ensure that proper data transfer and operation takes place Each bus line is active low with approximately zero volts representing a logic 1 true The following paragraphs describe the operation of these lines
204. nding the IMMediate command reprocesses the data and evaluates the reading according to the new test limits Note that sending the MMediate command does not initiate a reading conversion Program PRINT 1 output 16 trig sour bus Place 2000 in one shot mode SLEEP 3 Wait three seconds PRINT 1 output 16 calc imm Re perform limit test SCPI Command Reference 5 25 DISPlay subsystem The commands in this subsystem are used to control the display of the Model 2000 and are summarized in Table 5 3 ENABle lt b gt DISPlay ENABle lt b gt Control display circuitry Parameters lt b gt 0 or OFF Disable display circuitry 1 or ON Enable display circuitry Query ENABle Query state of display Description This command is used to enable and disable the front panel display circuitry When disabled the instrument operates at a higher speed While disabled the display is frozen All front panel controls except LOCAL are disabled Normal display operation can be resumed by using the ENABle command to enable the display or by putting the Model 2000 into local mode press LOCAL TEXT commands DATA lt a gt DISPlay WINDowT1 TEXT DATA lt a gt Define message for display Parameter a ASCII characters for message maximum of 12 characters The characters must be enclosed in either double quotes or single quotes Query DATA Query the defined text message Description These commands d
205. nds and command parameters Common commands and SCPI commands may or may not use a parameter The following are some examples SAV lt NRf gt Parameter NRf required RST No parameter used SINITiate CONTinuous lt b gt Parameter lt b gt required SYSTem PRESet No parameter used Put at least one space between the command word and the parameter e Brackets Some command words are enclosed in brackets These brackets are used to denote an optional command word that does not need to be included in the program message For example NITiate IMMediate These brackets indicate that IMMediate is implied optional and does not have to used Thus the above command can be sent in one of two ways NTiate or INTiate IMMediate Notice that the optional command is used without the brackets When using optional command words in your program do not include the brackets Remote Operation 4 33 Parameter types The following are some of the more common parameter types lt b gt Boolean Used to enable or disable an instrument operation 0 or OFF disables the operation and 1 or ON enables the operation Example CURRent AC RANGe AUTO ON Enable auto ranging lt name gt Name parameter Select a parameter name from a listed group Example lt name gt NEVer NEXt TRACe FEED CONTrol NEXt NRf Numeric representation format This parameter is a number that can be expressed as an integer e g 8 a real number
206. ngs along with the trigger model each READ will cause one trigger CALL SEND 16 rst status Set range for each function to measure CALL SEND 16 volt dc rang 1 status CALL SEND 16 volt ac rang 20 status CALL SEND 16 res rang 80 status Switch to DC volts and take reading CALL SEND 16 func volt dc read status reading SPACES 80 CALL ENTER reading length 16 status PRINT reading Switch to AC volts and take reading CALL SEND 16 func volt ac read status reading SPACES 80 CALL ENTER reading length 16 status PRINT reading Switch to 2 wire ohms and take reading CALL SEND 16 func res read status reading SPACES 80 CALL ENTER reading length 16 status PRINT reading C4 Example Programs One shot triggering Other DMMs generally have two types of triggering one shot and continuous In one shot each activation of the selected trigger source causes one reading In continuous the DMM is idle until the trigger source is activated at which time it begins taking readings at a specified rate Typical trigger sources are EEE 488 talk JEEE 488 Group Execute Trigger GET e X command External trigger rear panel BNC Arming the instrument to respond to triggers is implicit in the non SCPI DMMs Simply sending a command to a non SCPI DMM to change any of the trigger controls causes the instrument to arm itself for tri
207. nion Directive 89 336 EEC EN61326 1 SAFETY Conforms to European Union Directive 73 23 EEC EN61010 1 CAT II VIBRATION MIL PRF 28800F Class 3 Random WARMUP 1 hour to rated accuracy DIMENSIONS Rack Mounting 89mm high x 213mm wide x 370mm deep 3 in x 8 in x 1494e in Bench Configuration with handle and feet 104mm high x 238mm wide x 370mm deep 4 in x 9 in x 1494e in NET WEIGHT 2 9kg 6 3 Ibs SHIPPING WEIGHT 5kg 11 Ibs VOLT HERTZ PRODUCT lt 8 x 10 V Hz Specifications are subject to change without notice Rev G HW 9 25 03 A 5 Specifications Accuracy calculations The information below discusses how to calculate accuracy for both DC and AC characteristics Calculating DC characteristics accuracy DC characteristics accuracy is calculated as follows Accuracy ppm of reading ppm of range ppm parts per million and 10ppm 0 001 As an example of how to calculate the actual reading limits assume that you are measuring 5V on the 10V range You can compute the reading limit range from one year DCV accuracy specifications as follows Accuracy 30ppm of reading 5ppm of range 30ppm x 5V Sppm x 10V 150nV 50pV i200nV Thus the actual reading range is 5V 200nV or from 4 9998V to 5 0002V DC current and resistance calculations are performed in exactly the same manner using the pertinent specifications ranges and input signal values Calculating AC characte
208. not set until the operations associated with the TRG command and the initiate command are finished The TRG command is considered to be finished when the Device Action completes or when operation stops a control source to wait for an event see Trigger Model in this section To use the OPC exclusively with the TRG command first force the completion of the initiate command so that only the TRG command is pending Do this by sending the ABORt command to place the instrument in idle which by definition completes the initiate command Since continuous initiation is on operation continues on into the Trigger Model After sending the TRG command the OPC bit sets when the TRG command is finished Program Fragment GOSUB Read Register PRINT 1 output 16 cont off abort PRINT 1 output 16 SLEEP 2 GOSUB ReadRegister GOSUB ReadRegister END ReadRegister PRINT 1 enter 16 LINE INPUT 2 a PRINT a RETURN PRINT 1 output 16 PRINT 1 output 16 init init opc abort esr Remote Operation 4 45 Clear register by reading it Place 2000 in idle Start measurements and send OPC Wait two seconds Read register to show that OPC is not set Place 2000 back in idle Read register to show that OPC is now set Query Standard Event Status Register Get response message from 2000 Read decimal value of register 4 46 Remote Operation OPC Operation Compl
209. nse message is placed on the Output Queue When data is placed in the Output Queue the Message Available MAV bit in the Status Byte Register sets A data message is cleared from the Output Queue when it is read The Output Queue is considered cleared when it is empty An empty Output Queue clears the MAV bit in the Status Byte Register Read a message from the Output Queue by addressing the Model 2000 multimeter to talk after the appropriate query is sent Error queue The Error Queue holds error and status messages When an error or status event occurs a message that defines the error status is placed in the Error Queue This queue will hold up to 10 messages When a message is placed in the Error Queue the Error Available EAV bit in the Status Byte Register is set An error message is cleared from the Error Status Queue when it is read The Error Queue is considered cleared when it is empty An empty Error Queue clears the EAV bit in the Status Byte Register Read an error message from the Error Queue by sending either of the following SCPI query commands and then addressing the Model 2000 to talk e SYSTem ERRor e STATus QUEue See Section 5 for complete information about reading error messages Remote Operation 4 25 Status Byte and Service Request SRQ Service request is controlled by two 8 bit registers the Status Byte Register and the Service Request Enable Register Figure 4 10 shows the structure of these register
210. nterface do the following 1 Access the RS 232 configuration by pressing SHIFT then RS232 You see RS232 OFF 2 Move to the on off selection by pressing the key You see OFF selection blinking 3 Turn on the RS 232 interface by toggling the selection to ON using the V or A key and press ENTER You can exit the configuration menu by pressing EXIT For more information about the RS 232 interface see section RS 232 operation GPIB bus The GPIB bus is the IEEE 488 interface You must select a unique address for the Model 2000 multimeter The address is displayed when the multimeter is turned on At the factory the address is set to 16 Since GPIB is the interface selection defined by the factory only follow these steps to select the GPIB interface if you have been previously using the RS 232 remote programming interface 1 Select the GPIB option by pressing SHIFT then GPIB You see GPIB OFF 2 Move to the on off selection by pressing the B key You see OFF selection blinking slowly 3 Turn on the GPIB interface by toggling the selection to ON using the V or A key and press ENTER Turning off the RS 232 interface automatically selects GPIB as the remote programming interface 4 4 Remote Operation Selecting a language Choose one of three languages to program the Model 2000 multimeter SCPI Signal Oriented Measurement Commands e Keithley Models 196 199 Digital Multimeter Fluke Model 8840A 8842A Digita
211. o 0 the bits of the following registers in the Model 2000 Standard Event Register Operation Even Register Error Queue e Measurement Event Register Questionable Event Register This command also forces the instrument into the operation complete command idle state and operation complete query idle state ESE lt NRf gt Event Enable Program the standard event enable register ESE Event Enable Query Read the standard event register Parameters lt NRf gt 0 Clear register 1 Set OPC BO 4 SetQYE B2 8 Set DDE B3 16 Set EXE B4 32 Set CME B5 64 Set URQ B6 128 Set PON B7 255 Set all bits Description Use the ESE command to program the Standard Event Enable Register This command is sent with the decimal equivalent of the binary value that determines the desired state 0 or 1 of the bits in the register This register is cleared on power up This register is used as a mask for the Standard Event Register When a standard event is masked the occurrence of that event will not set the Event Summary Bit ESB in the Status Byte Register Conversely when a standard event is unmasked enabled the occurrence of that event sets the ESB bit For information on the Standard Event Register and descriptions of the standard event bits see the next section A cleared bit 0 in the enabled register prevents masks the ESB bit in the Status Byte Register from setting when the corresponding standard event oc
212. o 7 6 DIGits Query resolution AVERage Path to configure and control the filter TCONtrol lt name gt Select filter type MOVing or REPeat Note TCONtrol Query filter type COUNt lt n gt Specify filter count 1 to 100 10 COUNt Query filter count STATe lt b gt Enable or disable filter OFF STATe Query state of digital filter TCouple Path to configure thermocouple TYPE lt name gt Select thermocouple type J K or T J TYPE Query thermocouple type RJUNCtion Path to configure reference junction RSELect lt name gt Select reference type SIMulated or REAL SIMulated RSELect Query reference type SIMulated n Specify simulated temperature in C 0 to 50 23 C SIMulated Query simulated temperature REAL Path to configure real reference junction TCOefficient n Specify temp coefficient 0 09999 to 0 09999 2e 4 TCOefficient Query temp coefficient OFFSET lt n gt Specify voltage offset at 0 C 0 09999 to 0 09999 5 463e 2 OFFSet Query voltage offset FREQuency Path to configure frequency APERture Sets gate time for period measurements 0 01 1 0s APERture Query period gate time THReshold Path to select the threshold voltage range Y VOLTage Y RANGe n Select threshold range 0 to 1010 10 RANGe Query threshold range REFerence n Specify reference 0 to 1 5e7 0 STATe lt b gt Enable or disable reference OFF STATe Query state of reference ACQuire Use input
213. o 757 5 0 Y STATe lt b gt Enable or disable reference OFF Y STATe Query state of reference y ACQuire Use input signal as reference REFerence Query reference value V DIGits lt n gt Specify measurement resolution 4 to 7 6 DIGits Query resolution AVERage Path to configure and control the filter TCONtrol lt name gt Select filter type MOVing or REPeat Note TCONtrol Query filter type COUNt lt n gt Specify filter count 1 to 100 10 COUNt Query filter count STATe lt b gt Enable or disable filter STATe Query state of digital filter OFF DETector Path to configure bandwidth BANDwidth lt NRf gt Specify bandwidth 3 to 300e3 30 BANDwidth Query bandwidth VOLTage DC Path to configure DC voltage y NPLCycles lt n gt Set integration rate line cycles 0 01 to 10 1 Y NPLCycles Query line cycle integration rate Y RANGe Path to configure measurement range Y UPPer n Select range 0 to 1010 1000 Y UPPer Query range Y AUTO lt b gt Enable or disable auto range ON Y AUTO Query auto range Y REFerence n Specify reference 1010 to 1010 0 Y iSTATe lt b gt Enable or disable reference OFF Y STATe Query state of reference 0 or 1 Y ACQuire Use input signal as reference REFerence Query reference value Y DIGits n Specify measurement resolution 4 to 7 7 DIGits Query resolution AVERage Path to configure and control the filter TCONtrol name Sele
214. ont panel key operation Program fragment PRINT 1 remote 16 Place 2000 in remote SLEEP 3 Wait 3 seconds PRINT 1 local 16 Place 2000 in local mode 4 16 Remote Operation DCL device clear Use the DCL command to clear the GPIB interface and return it to a known state Note that the DCL command is not an addressed command so all instruments equipped to implement DCL will do so simultaneously When the Model 2000 multimeter receives a DCL command it clears the Input Buffer and Output Queue cancels deferred commands and clears any command that prevents the processing of any other device command A DCL does not affect instrument settings and stored data Program fragment PRINT 1 clear Clear all devices SDC selective device clear The SDC command is an addressed command that performs essentially the same function as the DCL command However since each device must be individually addressed the SDC command provides a method to clear only selected instruments instead of clearing all instruments simultaneously as is the case with DCL Program fragment PRINT 1 clear 16 Clear 2000 Remote Operation 4 17 GET group execute trigger GET is a GPIB trigger that is used as an arm scan and or measure event to control operation The Model 2000 multimeter reacts to this trigger if it is the programmed control source The control source is programmed from the SCPI TRIGger subsystem With the instrument
215. ontrol auto range for ACV SENSe 1 VOLTage DC RANGe AUTO lt b gt Control auto range for DCV SENSe 1 RESistance RANGe AUTO lt b gt Control auto range for Q2 SENSe 1 FRESistance RANGe AUTO lt b gt Control auto range for O4 Parameters b 1 or ON Enable auto range 0 or OFF Disable auto range Query AUTO Query auto range on or off Description These commands are used to control auto ranging With auto ranging enabled the instrument automatically goes to the most sensitive range to perform the measurement The auto range command RANGe AUTO is coupled to the command that manually selects the measurement range RANGe lt n gt When auto range is enabled the parameter value for RANGe n changes to the automatically selected range value Thus when auto range is disabled the instrument remains at the automatically selected range When a valid RANGe n command is sent auto ranging disables 5 42 SCPI Command Reference REFerence n commands REFerence lt n gt SENSe 1 CURRent AC REFerence lt n gt Specify reference for ACI SENSe 1 CURRent DC REFerence n Specify reference for DCI SENSe 1 VOLTage AC REFerence lt n gt Specify reference for ACV SENSe 1 VOLTage DC REFerence lt n gt Specify reference for DCV SENSe 1 RESistance REFerence n Specify reference for Q2 SENSe 1 FRESistance REFerence lt n gt Specify reference for O4 SENSe 1 FREQuency REFerence n Sp
216. oose one these available rates e 19 2k e 9600 e 4800 e 2400 e 1200 e 600 e 300 The factory selected baud rate is 4800 When you choose a baud rate make sure that the programming terminal that you are connecting to the Model 2000 multimeter can support the baud rate you selected Both the multimeter and the other device must be configured for the same baud rate To select a baud rate follow these steps 1 Access the RS 232 configuration by pressing SHIFT then RS232 You see RS232 ON assuming you have already selected the RS 232 interface 2 Go to the baud rate field by pressing the W key You see BAUD rate pa Access the baud rate list by pressing the gt key You see the rate selection blinking 4 Scrollthrough the available rates by pressing the W and A key until you find the rate you want 5 Confirm your selection by pressing ENTER The multimeter prompts you to define signal handshaking Continue on for information about handshaking You can return to measurement mode by pressing EXIT Remote Operation 4 7 Selecting signal handshaking flow control Signal handshaking between the controller and the instrument allows the two devices to communicate to each other regarding being ready or not ready to receive data The Model 2000 does not support hardware handshaking flow control Software flow control is in the form of X ON and X OFF characters and is enabled when XonXoFF is selected from the RS23
217. oz v Y 10d vod Das 103 Y 0 0 1 0 s 2 6l S 2 6l 20 X13 L L 0 0 1 q 91 M c g 81 c c coa XLS c 0 1 0 0 b e ZL 0 L V ZL L L i OT 10d 119 HOS L Lio o o d 94 d 0 9l 0 0 dS ya IN 0 0 0 0 0 FMA m Ro T a Z W Z 09 9 s WS r Wr 9 0 Cz Wz CML WL a 0 vo c uunjb q a aj fa sug gt I 2 gt I gt I O L az I aa I az I az 0 e L O 0 ra 0 25 25 25 25 3 L I l L B L L 3 0 E 0 a L L n lt 0 lt 0 lt 0 0 0 E 0 g x x x x x x x a x a IEEE 488 Bus Overview E 12 Figure E 3 Command codes Typical command sequences IEEE 488 Bus Overview For the various multiline commands a specific bus sequence must take place to properly send the command In particular the correct listen address must be sent to the instrument before it will respond to addressed commands Table E 3 lists a typical bus sequence for sending the addressed multiline commands In this instance the SDC command is being sent to the instrument UNL is generally sent as part of the sequence to ensure that no other active listeners are present Note that ATN is true for both the listen command and the SDC command byte itself Table E 3 Typical addressed command sequence Data bus Step Command ATN state ASCII Hex Decimal 1 UNL Set low 3F 63 2 LAG Stays low 0 30 48 3 SDC Stays
218. panel eese Model 2000 rear panel eene Power module si tet eter oerte e ER a DC and AC voltage measurements sees DC and AC current measurements see Two and four wire resistance measurements Frequency and period measurements sss Thermocouple temperature measurements Continuity measurements seen Diode testing 4 oit riri eere eo aie Pe AGE Measurement Options Moving average and repeating filters sssss Front panel triggering without stepping scanning Rear panel pinout eese nennen Trigger link input pulse specifications EXT TRIG Trigger link output pulse specifications VMC DUT test system eese Trigger link connections eere Operation model for triggering example DIN to BNC trigger cable eseeeeeee Buller locations iocus enitn nee tec e eS Riera dicte Using limit test to sort 1000 10 resistors Front panel triggering with stepping esee Front panel triggering with scanning eseeeees Internal scanning example with reading count option Internal scanning example with timer and delay options External scanning example with Model 7001
219. parameter If AUTO is set to 1 or on the delay period is enabled and will occur If AUTO is set to 0 or off the delay period is not enabled and no delay will occur SCPI Command Reference 5 67 SSOURce lt name gt TRIGger SEQuence 1 SOURce lt name gt Specify measure event control source Parameters lt name gt IMMediate Pass operation through immediately EXTernal Select External Triggering as event TIMer Select timer as event MANual Select manual event BUS Select bus trigger as event Query SOURce Query programmed control source Description These commands are used to select the event control source With IMMediate selected do not confuse SOURce IMMediate with NITiate IMMediate operation immediately starts A specific event can be used to control operation With EXTernal selected operation continues when an External Trigger is received With TIMer selected the event occurs at the beginning of the timer interval and every time it times out For example if the timer is programmed for a 30 second interval the first pass through the control source occurs immediately Subsequent scan events will then occur every 30 seconds The interval for the timer is set using the TIMer command With MANual selected the event occurs when the TRIG key is pressed With BUS selected the event occurs when a GET or TRG command is sent over the bus TTIMer n TRIGger SEQuence 1 TIMer lt n gt Set interval for measure layer t
220. present channel Figure 3 1 i C i 11 Moving average and Conversion ne onversion n j ilter 8 9 repeating filters i T 6 Reading 37 e Reading e 0595 1 6 2 4 5 3 4 2 3 Conversion 1 Conversion 2 A Type Moving Average Readings 10 Conversion 20 19 18 17 Reading 16 e Reading 1 15 2 Conversion 10 13 12 Conversion 1 Conversion 11 B Type Repeating Readings 10 Response time Conversion Conversion Conversion Conversion 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 Reading 3 Reading 3 The filter parameters have speed and accuracy tradeoffs for the time needed to display store or output a filtered reading These affect the number of reading conversions for speed versus accuracy and response to input signal changes Measurement Options 3 5 Relative The rel relative function can be used to null offsets or subtract a baseline reading from present and future readings When rel is enabled the instrument uses the present reading as a relative value Subsequent readings will be the difference between the actual input value and the rel value You can define a rel value for each function Once a rel value is established for a measurement function the value is the same for all ranges For example if 50V is set as a rel value on the 100V range the rel is also 50V on the 1000
221. programmed and waiting for a GPIB trigger the following program fragment will provide the GET Program fragment PRINT 1 trigger 16 Trigger 2000 from over the bus This sends IEEE 488 commands UNT UNL LISTEN 16 GET When the command is executed the trigger event occurs The command TRIGGER just sends GET Any other listeners are triggered when the command is executed SPE SPD serial polling Use the serial polling sequence to obtain the Model 2000 serial poll byte The serial poll byte contains important information about internal functions see status structure Generally the serial polling sequence is used by the controller to determine which of several instruments has requested service with the SRQ line However the serial polling sequence may be performed at any time to obtain the status byte from the Model 2000 multimeter Program fragment PRINT 1 spoll 16 Serial poll the 2000 INPUT 42 S Read serial poll byte PRINT S Display the decimal value of the Serial poll byte 4 18 Remote Operation Front panel GPIB operation This section describes aspects of the front panel that are part of GPIB operation including messages status indicators and the LOCAL key Error and status messages See Section 2 for a list of error and status messages associated with IEEE 488 programming The instrument can be programmed to generate an SRQ and command queries can be performed to check for specific error conditions
222. quipment frame The WARNING heading in a manual explains dangers that might result in personal injury or death Always read the associated information very carefully before performing the indicated procedure The CAUTION heading in a manual explains hazards that could damage the instrument Such damage may invalidate the warranty Instrumentation and accessories shall not be connected to humans Before performing any maintenance disconnect the line cord and all test cables To maintain protection from electric shock and fire replacement components in mains circuits including the power transformer test leads and input jacks must be purchased from Keithley Instruments Standard fuses with applicable national safety approvals may be used if the rating and type are the same Other components that are not safety related may be purchased from other suppliers as long as they are equivalent to the original component Note that selected parts should be purchased only through Keithley Instruments to maintain accuracy and functionality of the product If you are unsure about the applicability of a replacement component call a Keithley Instruments office for information To clean an instrument use a damp cloth or mild water based cleaner Clean the exterior of the instrument only Do not apply cleaner directly to the instrument or allow liquids to enter or spill on the instrument Products that consist of a circuit board with no case or chassis e g
223. r Queue The messages in the queue are preceded by a number Negative numbers are used for SCPI defined messages and positive numbers are used for Keithley defined messages Appendix B lists the messages NOTE The SYSTem ERRor query command performs the same function as the STATus QUEue query command see STATus subsystem SYSTem AZERO STATe lt b gt Control autozero Parameters Query Description Program lt b gt lorON Enable autozero Oor OFF Disable autozero STATe Query state of autozero This command is used to disable or enable autozero When enabled accuracy is optimized When disabled speed is increased at the expense of accuracy Important Note Before you can enable or disable auto zero the Model 2000 must first be in the idle state The Model 2000 can be placed in the idle state by first disabling continuous initiation INITiate CONTinuous OFF and then sending the ABORt command After sending the STATe command readings can be re started by sending INITiate CONTinuous ON or INITiate PRINT 1 output 16 init cont off abor Place 2000 in idle PRINT 1 output 16 syst azer stat off stat Disable autozero PRINT 1 enter 16 Get response from 2000 LINE INPUT 2 a Read response PRINT a Display response PRINT 1 output 16 init cont on Take 2000 out of idle NOTE When finished be sure to re enable autozero 5 60 SCPI Command Reference
224. r The commands are summarized in Table 5 9 TTRACel DATA The bar lI indicates that TRACe or DATA can be used as the root command for this subsystem From this point on the documentation in this manual uses TRACe If you prefer to use DATA simply replace all the TRACe command words with DATA CLEar command CLEar TRACe CLEar Clear buffer Description This action command is used to clear the buffer of readings If you do not clear the buffer a subsequent store will overwrite the old readings If the subsequent store is aborted before the buffer becomes full you could end up with some old readings still in the buffer FREE command FREE TRACe FREE Read status of memory Description This command is used to read the status of storage memory After sending this command and addressing the Model 2000 to talk two values separated by commas are sent to the computer The first value indicates how many bytes of memory are available and the second value indicates how many bytes are reserved to store readings POINts command POINts lt NRf gt TRACe POINIS lt NRf gt Specify buffer size Parameter n 2 to 1024 Query POINts Query the buffer size Description This command is used to specify the size of the buffer 5 64 SCPI Command Reference FEED command FEED name TRACe FEED lt name gt Specify readings source Parameters name SENSe 1 Put raw readings in buffer CALCulate 1 Put calculate
225. r line cycles per integration DEFault 1 MINimum 0 01 MAXimum 10 Query NPLCycles Query programmed NPLC value NPLCycles DEFault Query RST default value NPLCycles MINimum Query minimum NPLC value NPLCycles MAXimum Query maximum NPLC value Description The integration period measurement speed for the basic measurement functions except Frequency and Period is set using the NPLCycle command NPLC Number of Power Line Cycles expresses the integration period by basing it on the power line frequency For example for a PLC of 1 the integration period in seconds would be 1 60 for 60Hz line power which is 16 67msec APERture lt n gt SENSe 1 FREQuency APERture lt n gt Set aperture for frequency SENSe 1 PERiod APERture lt n gt Set aperture for period Parameter Query Description n 0 01s to 1 0s DEFault 1 0s MINimum 0 01s MAXimum 1 0s APERture Query programmed APERture value The integration period measurement speed for Frequency and Period is set using the APERture command to set other basic measurement functions see NPL Cycle The unit of measurement for the APERture command is seconds 5 40 SCPI Command Reference RANGe commands UPPer n SENSe 1 CURRent AC RANGe UPPer lt n gt SENSe 1 CURRent DC RANGe UPPer lt n gt SENSe 1 VOLTage AC RANGe UPPer n SENSe 1 VOLTage DC RANGe UPPer n SENSe 1 RESistance RANGe UPPer n SENSe 1 FRESi
226. ransmits to the controller with any combination of CR and lt LF gt Perform the following steps to set the terminator 1 Access the RS 232 configuration by pressing SHIFT and then RS232 You see RS 232 ON assuming you have already selected the RS 232 interface 2 Go to the terminator field by using the A or V key You see TX TERM terminator 3 Access the terminator options by pressing the key You see the terminator selection blinking 4 Use the A or V key to display the desired terminator LE CR or LFCR and press ENTER The instrument will return to the measurement mode 4 8 Remote Operation RS 232 connections The RS 232 serial port can be connected to the serial port of a controller i e personal computer using a straight through RS 232 cable terminated with DB 9 connectors Do not use a null modem cable The serial port uses the transmit TXD receive RXD and signal ground GND lines of the RS 232 standard It does not use the hardware handshaking lines CTS and RTS Figure 4 1 shows the rear panel connector for the RS 232 interface and Table 4 2 shows the pinout for the connector If your computer uses a DB 25 connector for the RS 232 interface you will need a cable or adapter with a DB 25 connector on one end and a DB 9 connector on the other wired straight through not null modem Figure 4 1 54321 RS 232 interface connector TEENS 9876 RS232 Rear Panel Connector Table 4 2 RS 232
227. rate immediately into the manual Addenda are numbered sequentially When a new Revision is created all Addenda associated with the previous Revision of the manual are incorporated into the new Revision of the manual Each new Revision includes a revised copy of this print history page Revision A Document Number 2000 900 01 esee November 1994 Revision B Document Number 2000 900 01 cccscsssesseessessesseeseeseeesesecseeseeeseenseeseees February 1995 Revision C Document Number 2000 900 01 March 1995 Addendum C Document Number 2000 900 02 eese April 1995 Revision D Document Number 2000 900 01 eese August 1995 Addendum D Document Number 2000 900 02 cessere October 1995 Addendum D Document Number 2000 900 03 essere September 1996 Revision E Document Number 2000 900 01 essent March 1997 Revision F Document Number 2000 900 01 esee April 1999 Revision G Document Number 2000 900 01 December 2001 Revision H Document Number 2000 900 01 essent enne August 2003 All Keithley product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of Keithley Instruments Inc Other brand names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders NSA Safety Precautions The following safety precautions should be observed before using this product and any associated instrumentation Although some
228. rd is four letters or less no short form version exists Example auto auto These rules apply to command words that exceed four letters e If the fourth letter of the command word is a vowel delete it and all the letters after it Example mmediate imm Rule exception The short form version of the following command uses only the first two letters of the word TCouple tc If the fourth letter of the command word is a consonant retain it but drop all the letters after it Example format form Ifthe command contains a question mark query or a non optional number included in the command word you must include it in the short form version Example delay del Command words or characters that are enclosed in brackets are optional and need not be included in the program message 4 36 Remote Operation Program messages A program message is made up of one or more command words sent by the computer to the instrument Each common command is simply a three letter acronym preceded by an asterisk SCPI commands are categorized in the STATus subsystem and are used to help explain how command words are structured to formulate program messages S TATus Path Root OPERation Path ENABle lt NRf gt Command and parameter ENABle Query command PRESet Command Single command messages The above command structure has three levels The first level is made up of the root command STATu
229. readings desired 4 Press ENTER The asterisk annunciator turns on to indicate a data storage operation It will turn off when the storage is finished Recalling readings Use the following steps to view stored readings and buffer statistics 1l Press RECALL The BUFFER annunciator indicates that stored readings are being displayed The arrow annunciator indicates that more data can be viewed with the lt d gt A and V keys 2 As shown in Figure 3 10 use the cursor keys to navigate through the reading numbers reading values and statistics For any of the buffer statistics maximum minimum average standard deviation the STAT annunciator is on 3 Use the EXIT key to return to the normal display Figure 3 10 Y Buffer locations RDG NO 10 Reading Value RDG NO 9 Reading Value RDG NO 8 Reading Value RDG NO 7 Reading Value RDG NO 6 Reading Value RDG NO 5 Reading Value RDG NO 4 Reading Value a RDG NO 3 Reading Value RANGE RDG NO 2 Reading Value RDG NO 1 Reading Value RANGE STD DEV Standard Deviation Value v Average Average Value Min At XX Minimum Value Max At XX Maximum Value Ca 3 18 Measurement Options Buffer statistics The MAX AT and MIN AT values are the maximum and minimum values in the buffer The AVERAGE value is the mean of the buffered readings The equation used to calculate the mean is n XX i l n y where xj is a stored reading n is the number of stored readings The
230. registers EVENt Read the event register Note 2 ENABle lt NRf gt Program the enable register Note 3 ENABle Read the enable register CONDition Read the condition register OPERation Path to control operation status registers y EVENt Read the event register Note 2 Y ENABle lt NRf gt Program the enable register Note 3 y ENABle Read the enable register Y CONDition Read the condition register y QUEStionable Path to control questionable status registers y EVENt Read the event register Note 2 Y ENABle lt NRf gt Program the enable register Note 3 y ENABle Read the enable register y CONDition Read the condition register V PRESet Return status registers to default states Y QUEue Path to access error queue Y NEXT Read the most recent error message Note 4 Y ENABle lt list gt Specify error and status messages for queue Note 5 y ENABle Read the enabled messages y DISable lt list gt Specify messages not to be placed in queue Note 5 DISable Read the disabled messages CLEar Clears all messages from Error Queue Notes 1 2 Error Queue Commands in this subsystem are not affected by RST and SYSTem PRESet The effects of cycling power CLS and STATus PRESet are explained by the following notes Event Registers Power up and CLS Clears all bits of the registers STATus PRESet No effect Enable Registers Power up and STATus PRESet
231. rence SIMulated n SENSe 1 TEMPerature TCouple RJUNction 1 SIMulated lt n gt Parameters Query Description n 0 to 50 Specify temperature in C 32 to 122 Specify temperature in F 27310323 Specify temperature in K DEFault 23 C 73 4 F 296K MINimum 0 C 32 F 273K MAXimum 50 C 122 F 323K SIMulated Query simulated reference SIMulated DEFault Query default RST reference SIMulated MINimum Query lowest allowable reference SIMulated MAXimum Query largest allowable reference This command is used to specify the simulated reference temperature The temperature value depends on which temperature scale is currently selected C F or K Typically 0 or 23 C is used as the simulated reference temperature REAL TCOefficient n SENSe 1 TEMPerature TCouple RJUNction 1 REAL TCoefficient n Parameters Query Description lt n gt 0 09999 to 0 09999 Specify temperature coefficient DEFault 0 01 temperature coefficient MINimum 0 09999 temperature coefficient MAXimum 0 09999 temperature coefficient TCOefficient Query temperature coefficient TC TCOefficient DEFault Query RST default TC TCOefficient MINimum Query lowest allowable TC TCOefficient MAXimum Query largest allowable TC This command is used to specify the temperature coefficient TC of the real temperature reference junction TC is specified in C volt and is not affected by the UNIT TE
232. ress devices to talk SCG Secondary Command Group Commands in this group provide additional addressing capabilities Many devices including the Model 2000 do not use these commands Unaddress commands The two unaddress commands are used by the controller to remove any talkers or listeners from the bus ATN is true when these commands are asserted UNL Unlisten Listeners are placed in the listener idle state by the UNL command UNT Untalk Any previously commanded talkers will be placed in the talker idle state by the UNT command IEEE 488 Bus Overview E 11 Common commands Common commands are commands that are common to all devices on the bus These commands are designated and defined by the IEEE 488 2 standard Generally these commands are sent as one or more ASCII characters that tell the device to perform a common operation such as reset The IEEE 488 bus treats these commands as data in that ATN is false when the commands are transmitted SCPI commands SCPI commands are commands that are particular to each device on the bus These commands are designated by the instrument manufacturer and are based on the instrument model defined by the Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments SCPI Consortium s SCPI standard Generally these commands are sent as one or more ASCII characters that tell the device to perform a particular operation such as setting a range or closing a relay The IEEE 488 bus tr
233. ristics accuracy AC characteristics accuracy is calculated similarly except that AC specifications are given as follows Accuracy of reading of range As an example of how to calculate the actual reading limits assume that you are measuring 120V 60Hz on the 750V range You can compute the reading limit range from ACV one year accuracy specifications as follows Accuracy 0 06 of reading 0 03 of range 0 0006 x 120V 0 0003 x 750V 0 072V 0 225V 0 297V In this case the actual reading range is 120V 0 297V or from 119 703V to 120 297V AC current calculations are performed in exactly the same manner using the pertinent specifications ranges and input signal values Specifications A 6 Calculating dBm characteristics accuracy As an example of how to calculate the actual reading limits for a 13dBm measurement with a reference impedance of 50 assume an applied signal 0 998815 V The relationship between voltage and dBm is as follows dBm 10 log Tnw From the previous example on calculating DC characteristics accuracy it can be shown that 0 998815V has an uncertainty of 36 96445uV or 0 998778V to 0 998852V using one year specifications of the 1 VDC range Expressing 0 998778V as dBm 2 dBm 10 log 0 298778 208 13 00032dBm 1mW and expressing 0 998852V as dBm 2 dBm 10 log Diez Sev 309 13 00032dBm l1mW Thus the actual reading range is 13dBm 0 00032dBm dBm an
234. rm Model No Serial No Date Company List all control settings describe problem and check boxes that apply to problem Q Intermittent C Analog output follows display C Particular range or function bad specify C IEEE failure CJ Obvious problem on power up CJ Batteries and fuses are OK C Front panel operational U All ranges or functions are bad C Checked all cables Display or output check one C Drifts C Unable to zero C Unstable C Overload C Will not read applied input C Calibration only CJ Certificate of calibration required C Data required attach any additional sheets as necessary Show a block diagram of your measurement including all instruments connected whether power is turned on or not Also describe signal source Where is the measurement being performed factory controlled laboratory out of doors etc What power line voltage is used Ambient temperature F Relative humidity Other Any additional information If special modifications have been made by the user please describe Be sure to include your name and phone number on this service form Specifications are subject to change without notice All Keithley trademarks and trade names are the property of Keithley Instruments Inc All other trademarks and trade names are the property of their respective companies KEITHLEY A GREATER MEASURE Qi F CONFIDENCE Keithley Instruments Inc Corporate H
235. rmocouple card E E must be inserted into a E Keithley Model 2000 El p Note Front or rear inputs can be used OUTAHI OUT A LO Basic Measurements 2 27 Configuration The following information explains the various configuration options for temperature measurements To select and configure the thermocouple measurement Press SHIFT then TCOUPL Three choices are available using the A and W keys UNITS C K F Centigrade Kelvin Fahrenheit This parameter selects the displayed units for temperature measurements TYPE J K T thermocouple type e JUNC SIM CHI simulated or referenced at Channel 1 Typically a thermocouple card uses a single reference junction The Model 2000 can simulate a reference junction temperature or use the reference junction on a switching card Typical reference junction temperatures are 0 C and 23 C A simulated reference temperature is the temperature of the junction where the thermocouple voltage is sensed It is room temperature if the thermocouple wire is terminated to banana jacks and corrected directly to the multimeter The accuracy of a temperature measurement depends on the accuracy of the reference junction Math Model 2000 math operations are divided into four categories mX b and percent dBm and dB calculations e Statistics of buffered readings Limit testing The first two categories are discussed here buffered read
236. rocedure is as follows 1 Connect test leads to the INPUT HI and LO terminals of the Model 2000 Either the front or rear inputs can be used place the INPUTS button in the appropriate position 2 Select the FREQ or PERIOD function 3 Connect test leads to the source as shown in Figure 2 7 CAUTION Do not exceed 1000V peak between INPUT HI and INPUT LO or instrument damage may occur 4 Take a reading from the display See Section 3 Measurement Options for information that explains the configuration options for frequency and period measurements Figure 2 7 Model 2000 Frequency and period MEASUKEMENLS T TIIDPLTITI e AC Voltage 30 Source ejeeeeeeee 4 low e aa aoa aaa Input Impedance 1MQ in parallel with lt 100pF Caution Maximum Input 1000V peak 8 x 107 VeHz 2 26 Basic Measurements Measuring temperature The Model 2000 measures temperature with thermocouples Figure 2 8 The temperature measurement ranges available depend on the type of thermocouple chosen Thermocouples can be connected to the Model 2001 TCSCAN card which plugs into the option slot of the Model 2000 or to an external thermocouple card such as a Model 7057A 7402 or 7014 installed in a Model 7001 or 7002 Switch System Connections Figure 2 8 Es Thermocouple temperature j lo measurements SELLE a 2001 TCSCAN a CH2 kl kl kl kl kl kl Note This the
237. rsal Language Driver Note that the commands requiring that the primary address be specified assume that the address is the factory set address of 16 General bus commands and associated statements Command Programming statement Effect on Model 2000 Multimeter REN REMOTE 16 Goes into effect when next addressed to listen IFC ABORT Goes into talker and listener idle states LLO LOCAL LOCKOUT LOCAL key locked out GTL LOCAL 16 Cancel remote restore front panel operation for the 2000 LOCAL Cancel remote restore front panel operation for all devices DCL CLEAR Return all devices to known conditions SDC CLEAR 16 Returns Model 2000 to known conditions GET TRIGGER 16 Initiates a trigger SPE SPD SPOLL 16 Serial Polls the Model 2000 REN remote enable The remote enable command is sent to the Model 2000 by the controller to set up the instrument for remote operation Generally the instrument should be placed in the remote mode before you attempt to program it over the bus Simply setting REN true does not actually place the instrument in the remote state You must address the instrument to listen after setting REN true before it goes into remote Note that the instrument need not be in remote to be a talker Program fragment PRINT 1 remote 16 Place the Model 2000 in remote turn on REM annunciator Note that all front panels controls except for LOCAL and POWER are inoperative while the instrument is in remote You c
238. s Figure 4 10 Status byte and service request SRQ Status Summary Messages Service Request Generation STB S erial Poll OR SRE SRE MSS Master Summary Status RQS Request for Service ESB Event Summary Bit MAV Message Available QSB Questionable Summary Bit EAV Error Available MSB Measurement Summary Bit amp Logical AND OR Logical OR Y Read by Serial Poll Y Y Y yY yY Y RQS OSB B6 ESB MAV QSB EAV MSB Status Byte B7 B5 B4 B3 B2 BT BO Register MSS A 74 Read by STB I4 3 amp kd Lo O A OSB ESB MAV QSB EAV MSB Service B7 B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 B1 BO Request Enable Register OSB Operation Summary Bit 4 26 Remote Operation Status Byte Register The summary messages from the status registers and queues are used to set or clear the appropriate bits BO B2 B3 B4 B5 and B7 ofthe Status Byte Register These bits do not latch and their states 0 or 1 are solely dependent on the summary messages 0 or 1 For example if the Standard Event Status Register is read its register will clear As a result its summary message will reset to 0 which in turn will clear the ESB bit in the Status Byte Reg
239. s LOCal SYSTem LOCal Take 2000 out of remote Description Normally the Model 2000 is in local during RS 232 communications In this state front panel keys are operational However the user may wish to lock out front keys during RS 232 communications see RWLock This action command is used to take the Model 2000 out of the remote state and enables the operation of front panel keys Note that this command can only be sent over the RS 232 interface REMote SYSTem REMote Place the Model 2000 in remote Description This action command is used to place the Model 2000 in the remote state In remote the front panel keys will be locked out if local lockout is asserted see RWLock Note that this command can only be sent over the RS 232 interface RWLock SYSTem RWLock Disable front panel keys Description This action command is used to disable front panel controls local lockout during RS 232 operation Taking the instrument out of remote see LOCal restores front panel keys operation Note that this command can only be sent over the RS 232 interface Line frequency query LFRequency SYSTem LFRequency Query line frequency Description This query returns the frequency of the power line from which the unit is operating The power line frequency is automatically sensed upon power up SCPI Command Reference 5 63 TRACe subsystem The commands in this subsystem are used to configure and control data storage into the buffe
240. s These optional characters do not have to be included in the program message Do not use brackets in the program message Angle brackets lt gt are used to indicate parameter type Do not use angle brackets in the program message The Boolean parameter b is used to enable or disable an instrument operation 1 or ON enables the operation and 0 or OFF disables the operation Upper case characters indicate the short form version for each command word Default Parameter Listed parameters are both the RST and SYSTem PRESet defaults unless noted otherwise Parameter notes are located at the end of each table SCPI A checkmark V indicates that the command and its parameters are SCPI confirmed An unmarked command indicates that it is non SCPI SCPI confirmed commands that use one or more non SCPI parameters are explained by notes SCPI Command Reference 5 7 Table 5 2 CALCulate command summary Command Description Default SCPI parameter CALCulate 1 Subsystem to control CALC 1 y FORMat lt name gt Select math format NONE MXB PERCent PERCent y FORMat Query math format y KMATh Path to configure math calculations Y MMFactor lt NRf gt Set m factor for mx b 100e6 to 100e6 1 MMFactor Query m factor MBFactor lt NRf gt Set b factor for mx b 100e6 to 100e6 0 MBFactor Query b factor MUNits lt name gt Specify units for mx b reading three characters A
241. s and serves as a path The second level is made up of another path OPERation and acommand PRESet The third path is made up of one command for the OPERation path The three commands in this structure can be executed by sending three separate program messages as follows stat oper enab lt NRf gt stat oper enab stat pres In each of the above program messages the path pointer starts at the root command stat and moves down the command levels until the command is executed Multiple command messages You can send multiple command messages in the same program message as long as they are separated by semicolons Here is an example showing two commands in one program message stat oper stat oper enab lt NRf gt When the above is sent the first command word is recognized as the root command stat When the next colon is detected the path pointer moves down to the next command level and executes the command When the path pointer sees the colon after the semicolon it resets back to the root level and starts over Commands that are on the same command level can be executed without having to retype the entire command path Example stat oper enab lt NRf gt enab After the first command enab is executed the path pointer is at the third command level in the structure Since enab is also on the third level it can be typed in without repeating the entire path name Notice that the leading colon for enab i
242. s the basic procedure is as follows 1 Connect test leads to the INPUT HI and LO terminals Either the front or rear inputs can be used place the INPUTS button in the appropriate position 2 Select the measurement function by pressing DCV or ACV 3 Pressing AUTO toggles autoranging Notice the AUTO annunciator is displayed with autoranging If you want manual ranging use the RANGE A and V keys to select a measurement range consistent with the expected voltage 4 Connect test leads to the source as shown in Figure 2 4 WARNING Maximum common mode voltage voltage between LO and chassis ground is 500V peak Exceeding this value may cause a shock hazard CAUTION Do not apply more than 1000V peak to the input or instrument damage may occur The voltage limit is subject to the 8 x 107 V Hz product 5 Observe the display If the OVERFLOW message is displayed select a higher range until an o normal reading is displayed or press AUTO for autoranging Use the lowest possible range for the best resolution 6 Take readings from the display Basic Measurements 2 17 Figure 2 4 Model 2000 DC and AC voltage f measurements Sfibiiibbbbibil DC Voltage Source eeeeecce ee os e cocococodococo E CL Cie C C V M Input Resistance 10MO on 1000V and 100V ranges gt 10GQ on 10V 1V and 100mV ranges Caution Maximum Input 1010V peak Maximum Common Mode 500V peak Model 2000 EHTIT
243. s not included in the program message If a colon were included the path pointer would reset to the root level and expect a root command Since enab is not a root command an error would occur Remote Operation 4 37 Command path rules Each new program message must begin with the root command unless it is optional e g SENSe If the root is optional simply treat a command word on the next level as the root The colon at the beginning of a program message is optional and need not be used Example Stat pres stat pres When the path pointer detects a colon it moves down to the next command level An exception is when the path pointer detects a semicolon which is used to separate commands within the program message see next rule When the path pointer detects a colon that immediately follows a semicolon it resets back to the root level The path pointer can only move down It cannot be moved up a level Executing a command at a higher level requires that you start over at the root command Using common commands and SCPI commands in the same message Both common commands and SCPI commands can be used in the same message as long as they are separated by semicolons A common command can be executed at any command level and will not affect the path pointer Example stat oper enab lt NRf gt ESE lt NRf gt Program message terminator PMT Each program message must be terminated wi
244. sed with INPUT HI and LO to make 4 wire resistance HI and LO measurements INPUTS Selects input connections on front or rear panel Handle Pull out and rotate to desired position 2 6 Basic Measurements Rear panel summary The rear panel of the Model 2000 is shown in Figure 2 2 This figure includes important abbreviated information that should be reviewed before operating the instrument Figure 2 2 Model 2000 rear panel NIN Gino INTERNAL OFBFIATOR SER Of A 350V PEAK PEAK Lo 500V im SD 50 SENSE INPUT PEAK ZWZTSH HG 2 EXTERNAL TRIGGER INPUT VOLT METER COMPLETE OUTPUT Trigger Reading Reading Complete Y TTL HI Y TTL HI 72yusec gt 10psec e i TTL LO TTL LO Basic Measurements 2 7 Option slot An optional scanner card Model 2000 SCAN 2001 SCAN or 2001 TCSCAN installs in this slot Input connections INPUT HI and LO Used for making DC volts AC volts 2 wire resistance measurements and for connecting scanner card SENSE O4 WIRE Used with INPUT HI and LO to make 4 wire resistance measurements HI and LO and also for connecting scanner card TRIGGER LINK One 8 pin micro DIN connector for sending and receiving trigger pulses among other instruments Use a trigger link cable or adapter such as Models 8501 1 8501 2 8502 8504 RS 232 Connector for RS 232 operation Use a straight through not null
245. stance RANGe UPPer lt n gt Parameters lt n gt Oto3 1 0 to 757 5 0 to 1010 0 to 120e6 DEFault MINimum MAXimum Query RANGe UPPer RANGe UPPer DEFault RANGe UPPer MINimum RANGe UPPer MAXim Description specified measurement func expected reading as an abso most sensitive range that wi Set measurement range for ACI Set measurement range for DCI Set measurement range for ACV Set measurement range for DCV Set measurement range for Q2 Set measurement range for O4 Expected reading is amps ACI and DCI Expected reading is AC volts ACV Expected reading in DC volts DCV Expected reading is ohms Q2 and 04 3 ACI and DCI 751 5 ACV 1000 DCV 100e6 and Q 0 All functions Same as DEFault Query ACI measurement range Query RST default range Query lowest measurement range um Query highest measurement range This command is used to manually select the measurement range for the tion The range is selected by specifying the lute value The Model 2000 will then go to the ll accommodate that expected reading For example if you expect a reading of approximately 50mV simply let the parameter n 0 05 or 50e 3 in order to select the 100mV range SCPI Command Reference 5 41 AUTO lt b gt SENSe 1 CURRentAC RANGe AUTO lt b gt Control auto range for ACI SENSe 1 CURRent DC RANGe AUTO lt b gt Control auto range for DCI SENSe 1 VOLTage AC RANGe AUTO lt b gt C
246. strument goes into the normal mode of operation or into the idle state e EXTernal Event detection is satisfied when an input trigger via the TRIGGER LINK connector is received by the Model 2000 Multimeter BUS Event detection is satisfied when a bus trigger GET or TRG is received by the Model 2000 Multimeter Delay A programmable delay is available after the event detection The delay can be manually set from 0 to 999999 999 seconds or Auto Delay can be used With Auto Delay enabled the instrument automatically selects a delay based on the selected function and range See the Auto Delay table in Section 3 for delay times Auto Delay is typically used for scanning The nominal delay will be just long enough to allow each relay to settle before making the measurement Figure 4 12 Device action trigger model Remote Operation 4 31 Device Action Figure 4 12 provides a detailed look at the device action If the repeat filter is enabled then the instrument samples the specified number of reading conversions to yield a single filtered reading If the moving filter is active or filter is disabled then only one reading conversion is performed From Delay block of To Output Trigger block of Trigger Model See Figure 4 11 Trigger Model See Figure 4 11 AN Device Action gt L Conv Conv Conv Hold Chan Filtering Process Filter enabled
247. subsystems to configure the Trigger Model These commands and subsystems are summarized in Table 5 10 INITiate commands IMMediate INITiate IMMediate Take 2000 out of idle state Description This command takes the Model 2000 out of the idle state After all programmed operations are completed the instrument returns to the idle state if continuous initiation is disabled see next command CONTinuous lt b gt INITiate CONTinuous lt b gt Control continuous initiation Parameters lt b gt Oor OFF Disable continuous initiation lorON Enable continuous initiation Query CONTinuous Query continuous initiation Description When continuous initiation is selected ON the instrument is taken out of the idle state At the conclusion of all programmed operations the instrument returns to the top of the trigger model NOTE With continuous initiation enabled ON you cannot use the READ command or set sample count greater than one see SAMPle COUNI ABORt command ABORt Abort operation Description When this action command is sent the Model 2000 aborts operation and returns to the top of the Trigger Model If continuous initiation is disabled the instrument goes to the idle state If continuous initiation is enabled operation continues at the top of the trigger model The abort command resets the scan pointer back to the first channel in the scan list 5 66 SCPI Command Reference TRIGger commands
248. surements Power on defaults Power on defaults are the settings the instrument assumes when it is turned on The Model 2000 offers two choices for the settings factory and user The power on default will be the last configuration you saved The SAVE and SETUP keys select the two choices of power on defaults To save present configuration as user settings 1 Configure the instrument as desired for USER default 2 Press SHIFT then SAVE 3 Use the A and V keys to select YES or NO 4 Press ENTER To restore factory or user settings 1 Press SHIFT then SETUP 2 Use the A and W keys to select FACTory or USER 3 Press ENTER Since the basic measurement procedures in this manual assume the factory defaults reset the instrument to the factory settings when following step by step procedures Table 2 2 lists the factory default settings Basic Measurements Table 2 2 Factory defaults Setting Factory default Autozero On Buffer No effect Continuity Beeper On Digits 4 Rate Fast 0 1 PLC Threshold 109 Current AC and DC Digits AC 5 2 Digits DC 62 Filter On Count 10 Mode Moving average Range Auto Relative Off Value 0 0 Rate AC Medium Rate DC Medium 1 PLC Diode test Digits 6 Range 1mA Rate Medium 1 PLC Frequency and Period Digits 6 Range 10V Relative Off Value 0 0 Rate Slow 1 sec Function DCV GPIB No effect Address 16 at factory Language SCPI at factory Limits Off Beeper Never Hi
249. t bit indicates that an enabled operation event has occurred The event can be identified by reading the Operation Event Status Register using the STATus OPERation query command see Section 5 for details Remote Operation 4 51 Figure 4 16 Status byte register Bit Position Event Decimal Weighting Value Value 1 Event Bit Set Events OSB Operation Summary Bit 0 Event Bit Cleared MSS Master Summary Status RQS Request Service ESB Event Summary Bit MAV Message Available QSB Questionable Summary Bit EAV Error Available MSB Measurement Summary Bit TRG Trigger Send bus trigger to 2000 Description Use the TRG command to issue a GPIB trigger to the Model 2000 It has the same effect as a group execute trigger GET Use the TRG command as an event to control operation The Model 2000 reacts to this trigger if BUS is the programmed control source The control source is programmed from the TRIGger subsystem see Section 5 TST Sel Test Query Run sel test and read result Description Use this query command to perform a checksum test on ROM The command places the coded result 0 or 1 in the Output Queue When the Model 2000 is addressed to talk the coded result is sent from the Output Queue to the computer A returned value of zero 0 indicates that the test passed and a value of one 1 indicates that the test has failed 4 52 Remote Operation WAI Wait to Continue
250. t line voltage appears inverted in the window 4 Install the fuse holder assembly into the power module by pushing it in until it locks in place Table 2 1 Fuse ratings Line voltage Fuse rating Keithley P N 100 120V 0 25A slow blow 5x20mm FU 96 4 220 240V 0 125A slow blow 5x20mm FU 91 2 10 Basic Measurements Power up sequence On power up the Model 2000 performs self tests on its EPROM and RAM and momentarily lights all segments and annunciators If a failure is detected the instrument momentarily displays an error message and the ERR annunciator turns on Error messages are listed in Appendix B NOTE Ifa problem develops while the instrument is under warranty return it to Keithley Instruments Inc for repair If the instrument passes the self tests the firmware revision levels are displayed An example of this display is REV A01 A02 where AOI is the main board ROM revision A02 is the display board ROM revision After the power up sequence the instrument begins its normal display of readings Basic Measurements 2 11 High energy circuit safety precautions To optimize safety when measuring voltage in high energy distribution circuits read and use the directions in the following warning WARNING Dangerous arcs of an explosive nature in a high energy circuit can cause severe personal injury or death If the multimeter is connected to a high energy circuit when set to a current r
251. tatus Byte Register When masked a set summary bit in the Status Byte Register cannot set bit B6 MSS RQS of the Status Byte Register Conversely when unmasked a set summary bit in the Status Byte Register sets bit B6 A Status Summary Message bit in the Status Byte Register is masked when the corresponding bit in the Service Request Enable Register is cleared 0 When the masked summary bit in the Status Byte Register sets it is ANDed with the corresponding cleared bit in the Service Request Enable Register The logic 1 output of the AND gate is applied to the input of the OR gate and thus sets the MSS RQS bit in he Status Byte Register The individual bits of the Service Request Enable Register can be set or cleared by using the following common command SRE lt NRf gt To read the Service Request Enable Register use the SRE query command The Service Request Enable Register clears when power is cycled or a parameter n value of zero is sent with the SRE command SRE 0 4 28 Remote Operation Serial poll and SRQ Any enabled event summary bit that goes from 0 to 1 will set RQS and generate a service request SRQ In your test program you can periodically read the Status Byte Register to check if a service request SRQ has occurred and what caused it If an SRQ occurs the program can for example branch to an appropriate subroutine that will service the request Typically service requests SRQs are managed by the
252. te that the entire data string is preceded by a single 2 byte header that is the binary equivalent of an ASCII sign and 0 Byte 1 Byte 2 Byte 3 Byte 4 o s sign bit 0 positive 1 negative e exponent bits 8 f fraction bits 23 Normal byte order shown For swapped byte order bytes sent in reverse order Header Byte 4 Byte 3 Byte 2 Byte 1 The Header is only sent once for entire data string DREAL selects the binary IEEE754 double precision data format and is shown inFigure 5 3 normal byte order shown This format is similar to the single precision format except that it is 64 bits long Header Byte 1 Byte 2 T Byte 7 Byte 8 IiIrrgrgrgr ggrgrrgrgg Trirtrrtrtyttitrita LEE OEIL TG C OG OG OD Gg gg EOOE E EE EL E OE E GL GP g Gg LEELIE LL TG d OG n gb rag LOO EE EE E d E E E E gr g jO FOE E EE OE DO S O O E E E E P EE E EE E EO d gd og og pg og od 71 49 E dE 100 71 dE d d d I0 ZEE Eod od d 1071 d d d gd I0 S e f Bytes 3 4 5 and 6 not shown s sign bit 0 positive 1 negative e exponent bits 11 f fraction bits 52 Normal byte order shown For swapped byte order bytes sent in reverse order Header Byte 8 Byte 7 Byte 1 The Header is only sent once for entire data string SCPI Command Reference 5 29 BORDer command BORDer lt name gt FORMatBORDer lt name gt Specify binary byte order Parameters lt name gt
253. ted to provide a short circuit among all plugs Cables and adapters Models 7007 1 and 7007 2 Shielded GPIB Cables Connect the Model 2000 to the GPIB bus using shielded cables and connectors to reduce electromagnetic interference EMI The Model 7007 1 is 1m long the Model 7007 2 is 2m long Models 8501 1 and 8501 2 Trigger Link Cables Connect the Model 2000 to other instruments with Trigger Link connectors e g Model 7001 Switch System The Model 8501 1 is Im long the Model 8501 2 is 2m long Model 8502 Trigger Link Adapter Allows you to connect any of the six Trigger Link lines of the Model 2000 to instruments that use the standard BNC trigger connectors Model 8504 DIN to BNC Trigger Cable Allows you to connect Trigger Link lines one Voltmeter Complete and two External Trigger of the Model 2000 to instruments that use BNC trigger connectors The Model 8504 is 1m long Rack mount kits Model 4288 1 Single Fixed Rack Mount Kit Mounts a single Model 2000 in a standard 19 inch rack Model 4288 2 Side by Side Rack Mount Kit Mounts two instruments Models 182 428 486 487 2000 2001 2002 6517 7001 side by side in a standard 19 inch rack Model 4288 3 Side by Side Rack Mount Kit Mounts a Model 2000 and a Model 199 side by side in a standard 19 inch rack Model 4288 4 Side by Side Rack Mount Kit Mounts a Model 2000 and a 5 25 inch instrument Models 195A 196 220 224 230 263 595 614 617 705 740 775 etc s
254. th an LF line feed EOI end or identify or an LF EOI The bus will hang if your computer does not provide this termination The following example shows how a multiple command program message must be terminated rout open all scan 1 5 lt PMT gt Command execution rules e Commands execute in the order that they are presented in the program message Aninvalid command generates an error and of course is not executed Valid commands that precede an invalid command in a multiple command program message are executed e Valid commands that follow an invalid command in a multiple command program message are ignored 4 38 Remote Operation Response messages A response message is the message sent by the instrument to the computer in response to a query command program message Sending a response message After sending a query command the response message is placed in the Output Queue When the Model 2000 Multimeter is then addressed to talk the response message is sent from the Output Queue to the computer Multiple response messages If you send more than one query command in the same program message see the paragraph entitled Multiple Command Messages the multiple response messages for all the queries is sent to the computer when the Model 2000 is addressed to talk The responses are sent in the order that the query commands were sent and are separated by semicolons Items within the same query are separ
255. the queue When this command is sent all messages will first be disabled then the messages specified in the list will be enabled Thus the returned list CENABle will contain all the enabled messages Messages are specified by numbers see Appendix B The following examples show various forms for expressing a message numlist Numlist 110 Single message 110 140 222 Messages separated by commas 110 222 Range of messages 110 through 222 110 222 230 Range entry and single entry separated by a comma NOTE To disable all messages from entering the Error Queue send the following command stat que enab DISable lt list gt STATus QUEue DISable lt list gt Disable messages for Error Queue Parameter lt list gt numlist where numlist is a specified list of messages that you wish to disable for the Error Queue Query DISable Query list of disabled messages Description On power up all error messages are enabled and will go into the Error Queue as they occur Status messages are not enabled and will not go into the queue This command is used to specify which messages you want disabled Disabled messages are prevented from going into the Error Queue Messages are specified by numbers see Appendix B See QUEue ENABle for examples to express a numlist SCPI Command Reference 5 57 SYSTem subsystem The SYSTem subsystem contains miscellaneous commands that are summarized in Table 5 8 B
256. til the specified number 2 to 100 consecutive readings are within the window If one of the readings is not within the window the instrument acquires a new seed reading and the hold process continues e Channel closure When stepping or scanning the last device action is to open the previous channel if closed and close the next channel Using the hold feature provides an auto settling time for the scanner relays Each open close transition will restart the hold process and a reading for each channel will not occur until the relay settles Output trigger After the device action an output trigger occurs and is available at the rear panel Trigger Link connector This trigger can be used to trigger another instrument to perform an operation e g select the next channel for an external scan Counters The trigger model for stepping and scanning contains additional blocks for counting samples the number of channels to scan and counting triggers These counters are explained in the paragraph Scan operations later in this section Reading hold autosettle When a hold reading is acquired as described in Device actions an audible beep is sounded if enabled and the reading is considered a true measurement The reading is held on the display until an out of window reading occurs to restart the hold process When operating remotely or scanning the hold process seeks a new seed once it has been satisfied and the readin
257. tions To run the test and store readings in the Model 2000 with the unit set for external triggers press STEP or SCAN The Model 2000 waits with the asterisk annunciator lit for an external trigger from the Model 7001 7002 Press STEP on the Model 7001 7002 to take it out of idle and start the scan The scanner s output pulse triggers the Model 2000 to take a reading store it and send a trigger pulse The following explanation on operation is referenced to the operation model shown in Figure 3 8 Figure 3 8 70010or 7002 Operation model for Press STEP to start scan 2000 irieterint example X ie Cile D gt Bypass OYA n Wait for a Trigger Link amp 4 Wait for Trigger gt Trigger Link Trigger RA wv Scan Make Channel Measurement yV Output Trigger Trigger Output Trigger 2r Trigger Measurements Measurement Options 3 15 Pressing EXT TRIG then STEP or SCAN on the multimeter places it at point A in the flowchart where it is waiting for an external trigger S Pressing STEP takes the Model 7001 7002 out of the idle state and places operation at point B in the flowchart 2 For the first pass through the model the scanner does not wait at point B for a trigger Instead it closes the first channel D After the relay settles the Model 7001 7002 outputs a Channel Rea
258. tory setup with Model 7001 D SCAN CHANNELS 111 1110 CONFIGURE SCAN CHAN CONTROL CHANNEL SPACING TRIGLINK ASYNCHRONOUS CHAN COUNT 10 SCAN CONTROL SCAN COUNT 1 Y SHIFT CONFIG TYPE EXT MIN CHAN 001 MAX CHAN 010 TIMER OFF RDG CNT 0010 ENTER Y 2 LEX TRIG Y STEP or SCAN 6 STEP Y 7 RECALL 10 readings 4 v EXIT 3 30 Measurement Options System operations The Model 2000 has other front panel operations Saving and restoring setup information is described in Section 2 Basic Measurements Selecting the remote interface and language is covered in Section 4 Remote Operation Sel test The TEST selections are used as diagnostic tools to isolate problems within the Model 2000 Information on using these test procedures is included in the optional Model 2000 Repair Manual Calibration The CAL selections are used to view the calibration date and next due date to perform calibration and to view the number of times calibration has been performed Some of the items are password protected to prevent unintended changing of calibration constants To view the calibration dates press SHIFT CAL Press ENTER at the DATES prompt The first date is the last time calibration was performed The NDUE date is the calibration due date Running calibration is password protected
259. tus enable BFL CALL SEND 16 sre 1 status enable MSB Example Programs RST sets TRIG SOUR to IMM CALL SEND 16 samp coun 3 status CALL SEND 16 trig sour tim tim 15 status CALL SEND 16 trig TRACe subsystem is CAI CALL SEND 16 trac LL SEND 16 trac now the buffer is CALL SEND 16 rout CALL SEND 16 rout Start everything CALL SEND 16 coun 10 status not affected by RST poin 30 status feed sens1 feed cont next status armed Scan 1 3 status scan lsel int status init status Initialize reading while the 2000 is busy taking readings reading SPACES 2500 WaitSRQ IF NOT srq THEN GOTO WaitSRQ CALL SPOLL 16 poll status IF poll AND 64 0 THEN GOTO WaitSRQ CALL SEND 16 stat CALL ENTER S length 16 status CALL SEND 16 form CALL SEND 16 trac CALL ENTER reading length 16 status PRINT reading NOTE To repeat buffer storage send the following command and then repeat the steps meas status elem read unit status data status following the Start everything comment in the above example CALL SEND 16 feed cont next status C 12 Example Programs Taking readings using the READ command This programming example demonstrates a simple method to take and display on the computer CRT a specified number of readings The number of readings are specified by the SAM
260. uired reference value SCPI Command Reference 5 43 STATe lt b gt SENSe 1 CURRent AC REFerence STATe lt b gt Control reference for ACI SENSe 1 CURRent DC REFerence STATe lt b gt Control reference for DCI SENSe 1 VOLTage AC REFerence STATe lt b gt Control reference for ACV SENSe 1 VOLTage DC REFerence STATe lt b gt Control reference for DCV SENSe 1 RESistance REFerence STATe lt b gt Control reference for Q2 SENSe 1 FRESistance REFerence STATe lt b gt Control reference for O4 SENSe 1 FREQuency REFerence STATe lt b gt Control reference for FREQ SENSe 1 PERiod REFerence STATe lt b gt Control reference for PER SENSe 1 TEMPerature REFerence STATe lt b gt Control reference for TEMP Parameters lt b gt 1 or ON Enable reference 0 or OFF Disable reference Query STATe Query state of reference Description These commands are used to enable or disable Reference for the specified function When enabled the displayed reading will include the programmed reference value see REFerence n and ACQuire When disabled the displayed reading will not include the reference value ACQuire SENSe 1 CURRent AC REFerence ACQuire Acquire reference for ACI SENSe 1 CURRent DC REFerence ACQuire Acquire reference for DCI SENSe 1 VOLTage AC REFerence ACQuire Acquire reference for ACV SENSe 1 VOLTage DC REFerence ACQuire Acquire reference for DCV SENSe 1 RESistance REFerence AC
261. ult conditions are listed in the SCPI tables Table 5 2 through Table 5 11 With the SAVO parameter selected the instrument powers on to the setup that is saved in the specified location using the SAV command FRSWitch command FRSWitch SYSTem FRSWitch Read INPUTS switch Description This query command is used to read the position of the FRONT REAR INPUTS switch Switch position code is defined as follows 1 Front panel inputs selected 0 Rear panel inputs selected VERSion command VERsion SYSTem VERSion Read SCPI version Description This query command is used to read the version of the SCPI standard being used by the Model 2000 Example code 1991 0 The above response message indicates the version of the SCPI standard ERRor command ERRor SYSTem ERRor Description AZERo commands STATe lt b gt SCPI Command Reference 5 59 Read Error Queue As error and status messages occur they are placed into the Error Queue This query command is used to read those messages The Error Queue is a first in first out FIFO register that can hold up to 10 messages Every time you read the queue the oldest message is read and that message is then removed from the queue If the queue becomes full the message 350 Queue Overflow occupies the last memory location in the register On power up the queue is empty When the Error Queue is empty the message 0 No error is placed in the Erro
262. urements as well as the maximum signal that can be measured The range setting fixed or auto for each measurement function is saved when changing functions Maximum readings The full scale readings for every range on each function are 20 overrange except for the 1000VDC 750VAC 3ADC 3AAC and diode test ranges Input values more than the maximum readings cause the OVERFLOW messages to be displayed Manual ranging To select a range simply press the RANGE A or V key The instrument changes one range per keypress The selected range is displayed for one second If the instrument displays the OVERFLOW message on a particular range select a higher range until an on range reading is displayed Use the lowest range possible without causing an overflow to ensure best accuracy and resolution Note that the temperature and continuity functions have just one range Measurement Options 3 3 Autoranging To enable autoranging press the AUTO key The AUTO annunciator turns on when autoranging is selected While autoranging is selected the instrument automatically chooses the best range to measure the applied signal Autoranging should not be used when optimum speed is required Note that up ranging occurs at 120 of range while down ranging occurs at 10 of nominal range To cancel autoranging press AUTO or the RANGE A or V key Pressing AUTO to cancel autoranging leaves the instrument on the present range The AUTO key has no
263. urrent flows from the INPUT HI as shown in Figure 2 9 Figure 2 9 Model 2000 Continuity measurements Resistance Under Test Note Source current flows from the INPUT HI to INPUT LO terminals Threshold resistance level You can define a threshold resistance from 1Q to 1000 The factory setting is 100 Follow these steps to define the resistance level 1 Press SHIFT then CONT Use the lt and gt keys to choose a numerical place and use the A and W keys to increment or decrement the digits Enter a value from 1 to 1000 3 Press ENTER to confirm your setting 2 32 Basic Measurements Testing diodes With a Model 2000 you can measure the forward voltage drop of general purpose diodes and the zener voltage of zener diodes To test diodes press SHIFT then set the test current range connect the diode and take a reading from the display NOTE Diode test has a non selectable reading rate of MEDium 1 PLC Connections Connect the diode leads to the INPUT HI and INPUT LO terminals on the Model 2000 The test current flows from the INPUT HI terminal as shown in Figure 2 10 Figure 2 10 Model 2000 Diode testing General purpose diode Zener diode Note Source current flows from the INPUT HI to INPUT LO terminals Range You can set the test current range from the front panel The choices are 1mA 100pA and 10uA The factory test current setting is ImA To set the test current do
264. us discussion about crest factor in Measuring voltage in this section Connections Assuming factory default conditions the basic procedure is as follows 1 Connect test leads to the AMPS and INPUT LO terminals The front inputs must be used place the INPUTS button in the FRONT position 2 Select the measurement function by pressing DCI or ACI 3 Pressing AUTO toggles autoranging Notice the AUTO annunciator is displayed with autoranging If you want manual ranging use the RANGE A and V keys to select a measurement range consistent with the expected current 4 Connect test leads to the source as shown in Figure 2 5 CAUTION Do not apply more than 3A 250V to the input or the AMPS fuse will open circuit 5 Observe the display If the OVERFLOW message is displayed select a higher range until a normal reading is displayed or press AUTO for autoranging Use the lowest possible range for the best resolution 6 Take readings from the display Figure 2 5 Model 2000 DC and AC current measurements ETIIIIIIITII eo eeeeee00 Current e e aa aa abaaa O Source ES q a5 ee e V Caution Maximum Input 3A DC or RMS Basic Measurements 2 21 AMPS fuse replacement WARNING Make sure the instrument is disconnected from the power line and other equipment before replacing the AMPS fuse Turn off the power and disconnect the power line and test leads From the front panel gently push in the AMPS jack
265. utoranging Notice the AUTO annunciator is displayed with autoranging If you want manual ranging use the RANGE A and V keys to select a measurement range consistent with the expected resistance 4 Connect test leads to the resistance as shown in Figure 2 6 CAUTION Do not apply more than 1000V peak between INPUT HI and LO or instrument damage may occur 5 Observe the display If the OVERFLOW message is displayed select a higher range until a normal reading is displayed Use the lowest possible range for the best resolution 6 Take a reading from the display Basic Measurements 2 23 Figure 2 6 Shielded Optional shield Two and four wire Model 2000 Cable pesce 4 resistance measurements I I I l l l Resistance l Under Test I I I I l l Note Source current flows from the INPUT HI to INPUT LO terminals Shielded Optional shield Model 2000 Cable ee ee oe Resistance Under Test Note Source current flows from the INPUT HI to INPUT LO terminals Shielding To achieve a stable reading it helps to shield resistances greater than 100kQ Place the resistance in a shielded enclosure and connect the shield to the INPUT LO terminal of the instrument electrically See Section 3 Measurement Options for information that explains the configuration options for 2 wire and 4 wire resistance measurements 2 24 Basic Measurements Measuring frequency and period The Model
266. value for the low limit Pressing ENTER returns to the normal display Enabling limits Use the following procedure to turn on the limits operation 1 Press the SHIFT ON OFF keys to view the present beeper status BEEP NEVER Use the A and VW keys to change the beeper status NEVER OUTSIDE INSIDE Press ENTER when done When the multimeter returns to the normal display the HI IN LO status is displayed along with the reading To disable limit testing press SHIFT ON OFF again An example of using limits to sort resistors is shown in Figure 3 11 Figure 3 11 Using limit test to sort 100Q 10 resistors P LO a IN HI i lt 90 2 1106 LO Limit HI Limit 3 20 Measurement Options Scan operations The Model 2000 can be used with an internal scanner card Model 2000 SCAN or 2001 TCS CAN or with external scanner cards installed in switching mainframes such as the Models 707 7001 and 7002 The following paragraphs discuss various aspects of using scanning with the Model 2000 Connection precautions WARNINGS Connection information for scanner cards is intended for qualified service personnel Do not attempt to connect the DUT or external circuitry to a scanner card unless qualified to do so To prevent electric shock that could result in serious injury or death adhere to the following safety precautions Before making or breaking connections to the scanner card make sure the Model 2000 power is turn
267. ves to previous selection Enables disables autorange 5 Annunciators asterisk diode speaker a more 4W AUTO BUFFER CH 1 10 ERR FAST FILT HOLD LSTN MATH MED REAR REL REM SCAN SHIFT SLOW SRQ STAT STEP TALK TIMER TRIG Reading being stored Instrument is in diode testing function Beeper on for continuity or limits testing Indicates additional selections are available 4 wire resistance reading displayed Autoranging enabled Recalling stored readings Displayed internal channel is closed Questionable reading invalid cal step Fast reading rate Digital filter enabled Instrument is in hold mode Instrument addressed to listen over GPIB Math function mX b dB dBm enabled Medium reading rate Reading acquired from rear inputs Relative reading displayed Instrument is in GPIB remote mode Instrument is in scan mode Accessing shifted keys Slow reading rate Service request over GPIB Displaying buffer statistics Instrument is in step mode Instrument addressed to talk over GPIB Timed scans in use Indicates external trigger front panel bus trigger link selected Basic Measurements 2 5 Input connections INPUT HI and LO Used for making DC volts AC volts 2 wire resistance measurements AMPS Used in conjunction with INPUT LO to make DC current and AC current measurements Also holds current input fuse 3A 250V fast blow 5x20mm SENSE 94 WIRE U
268. wo lines are controlled by accepting devices the listener or listeners receiving the information The three handshake lines are DAV DATA VALID The source controls the state of the DAV line to indicate to any listening devices whether or not data bus information is valid NRFD Not Ready For Data The acceptor controls the state of NRFD It is used to signal to the transmitting device to hold off the byte transfer sequence until the accepting device is ready NDAC Not Data Accepted NDAC is also controlled by the accepting device The state of NDAC tells the source whether or not the device has accepted the data byte The complete handshake sequence for one data byte is shown in Figure E 2 Once data is placed on the data lines the source checks to see that NRFD is high indicating that all active devices are ready At the same time NDAC should be low from the previous byte transfer If these conditions are not met the source must wait until NDAC and NRFD have the correct status If the source is a controller NRFD and NDAC must be stable for at least 100nsec after ATN is set true Because of the possibility of a bus hang up many controllers have time out routines that display messages in case the transfer sequence stops for any reason Once all NDAC and NRFD are properly set the source sets DAV low indicating to accepting devices that the byte on the data lines is now valid NRFD will then go low and NDAC will go high once
269. www keithley com Model 2000 Multimeter User s Manual 2000 900 01 Rev H August 2003 KEITHLEY A GREATER MEASURE OF CONFIDENCE WARRANTY Keithley Instruments Inc warrants this product to be free from defects in material and workmanship for a period of one 1 year from date of shipment Keithley Instruments Inc warrants the following items for 90 days from the date of shipment probes cables software rechargeable batteries diskettes and documentation During the warranty period Keithley Instruments will at its option either repair or replace any product that proves to be defective To exercise this warranty write or call your local Keithley Instruments representative or contact Keithley Instruments headquarters in Cleveland Ohio You will be given prompt assistance and return instructions Send the product transportation prepaid to the indicated service facility Repairs will be made and the product returned transportation prepaid Repaired or replaced products are warranted for the balance of the original warranty period or at least 90 days LIMITATION OF WARRANTY This warranty does not apply to defects resulting from product modification without Keithley Instruments express written consent or misuse of any product or part This warranty also does not apply to fuses software non rechargeable batteries damage from battery leakage or problems arising from normal wear or failure to follow instructions
270. y a colon NOTE You can only scan consecutive channels Skipping channels is not allowed For example 91 4 is valid 1 2 4 is not valid See the instruction manual of the internal scanner card for details on scanning EXTernal lt list gt ROUTe SCAN EXTernal lt list gt Define external scan list Parameter lt list gt scanlist Query Description where scanlist is the specified list of external channels 1 to 800 to be scanned EXTernal Query programmed scan list The Model 2000 can operate with an external switch system such as the Keithley Model 7001 or 7002 The Model 2000 can measure up to 800 channels that are switched by the external switching system This command is used to define the external scan list The scan list can contain 2 to 800 channels See SCAN INTernal for examples to express a scan list The external scan is enabled by the ROUTe SCAN LSELect EXTernal command SCPI Command Reference 5 35 iSELect lt name gt ROUTe SCAN LSELect lt name gt Perform specified scan operation Parameters name INTernal Enable scan for internal scanner card EXTernal Enable scan for external scanner card NONE Disable all scan operations Query LSELect Query scan operation Description This command is used to select and perform the desired scan operation When INTernal is selected the Model 2000 scans the channels of the internal switching card according to how the scan is configured see
271. y disabling the test CSTATe OFF CLEar commands IMMediate CALCulate3 LIMit 1 CLEar IMMediate Clear LIMIT1 test failure Description This action command is used to clear the fail indication of the LIMITI test Note that a failure is also cleared when the limit test is disabled STATe OFF 5 24 SCPI Command Reference AUTO lt b gt CALCulate3 LIMit 1 CLEar AUTO b Control auto clear Parameters lt b gt 1 or ON Enable auto clear for limit failure 0 or OFF Disable auto clear for limit failure Query AUTO Query state of auto clear Description With auto clear enabled the fail indication of a limit test clears when instrument operation enters the idle state With auto clear disabled the fail indication will remain until it is cleared by the CLEar IMMediate command MMediate CALCulate3 IMMediate Perform CALC3 Description When you change the configuration of the limit test the next reading is evaluated according to the new test configuration If the instrument is not in a continuous measurement mode e g waiting for a manual trigger the test will not be performed until the next reading conversion occurs This action command allows you to re process the current input data to test new limits For example assume the instrument is in a non continuous measurement mode and requires a manual trigger to cause the next reading conversion Changing the test limits will not affect the last test result However se
272. y precautions 2 11 Power on defaults essere 2 12 GPIB primary address ee 2 15 Warm up time esseeeseeeeeeeeeeeeee tenente entente nes 2 15 Display sucrina ania ec ro et E ete tete idee te 2 16 Status and error messages seesseeeeeeeeeeenneenneen 2 16 Measuring voltage eet Rainn 2 16 COMMECHIONS M 2 16 Crest factor ierorecoieentec ri eere 2 17 Low level considerations eee 2 17 Measuring Current isecen sisca eri ee PRU eee st repete 2 20 Connections M eoi sienn 2 20 AMPS fuse replacement esee 2 21 Measuring resistance esseesseeseeeeeeeeee neret nennen 2 22 Connections m 2 22 shielding 15er erre ttr tree 2 23 Measuring frequency and period esses 2 24 Tngger level aite 2 24 Gate TINS es sctey tes geeveet 2 24 Seca C 2 25 Measuring temperature essere 2 26 Snc M 2 26 Configuration i 2 riere 2 27 Math ienaitet anii p on a Tat a eai Eaa aeaea 2 27 MX B pec 2 28 Percent siiret ina a 2 28 dBm calc lation 22 itii pe enge 2 29 dB calculation teret ei terree mrt 2 30 Measuring continuity eese eene 2 31 COMMECOMS T akeen aei eA 2 31 Threshold resistance level ses 2 31 Testing diodes i ennemi e eret ite Rin 2 32 CONMECHONS
273. y the corresponding condition register Once a bit in an event register is set it remains set latched until the register is cleared by a specific clearing operation The bits of an event register are logically ANDed with the bits of the corresponding enable register and applied to an OR gate The output of the OR gate is applied to the Status Byte Register Use the ESR Common Command to read the Standard Event Register All other event registers are read using the EVENt query commands in the STATus Subsystem See Section 5 for more information An event register is cleared when it is read The following operations clear all event registers e Cycling power Sending CLS Remote Operation 4 21 Enable registers As Figure 4 5 shows each status register set has an enable register An enable register is programmed by you and serves as a mask for the corresponding event register An event bit is masked when the corresponding bit in the enable register is cleared 0 When masked a set bit in an event register cannot set a bit in the Status Byte Register 1 AND 0 0 To use the Status Byte Register to detect events 1 e serial poll you must unmask the events by setting 1 the appropriate bits of the enable registers To program and query the Standard Event Status Register use the ESE and ESE Common Commands respectively All other enable registers are programmed and queried using the ENABle and ENABLe commands in the STA

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