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Consolidation User Manual

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1. Manuals C Index gt Log time menu items Construction Determines DO Reading at Time 0 Determines DO determines whether D the initial dial reading is determined mathematically or is just taken as the actual initial dial reading Adjust Cv Primary Line Left End Adjust Cv Primary Line Right End Adjust Cv Secondary Line Left End Adjust Cv Secondary Line Right End selects which of the two C construction lines may be adjusted and which end of that line will be adjusted See Section 3 2 3 for details on these options Manuals C Index gt 3 2 2 Test Data Entry Window Swell Consolidation Module Test Data For Load Cycle 3 a Print Window Edit Compression Time Rate Setup Quit Help Next load 51 button Load tsf 10 5 Dial Divisor 1000 Lx Fa ee mE E S Pae Time fmin in Time min in Time min Bes Loading pe increment list 480 00 0 13805 2 2 Test readings grid 145500 4 Current fe ee increment of Deflection co rapea Compr Swell ies Load 0 00080 0 13 6 Compr summary Enter the elapsed time in decimal minutes e g 1 min 30 secs 1 5 Test Data Entry Window hy iy f La My Sy an A f 5 i D o D o JDE 5p Ay co o ao ion wo 2 wo ejes jssak 117 00 235 00 Pressing Ctrl PgUp and Ctrl PgDn while the focus is on the Test Data Entry window scrolls through the list of loading
2. Show Full Secondary Consolidation The primary consolidation portion of many square root time curves occupies only the left 10 or 20 of the time rate graph making an accurate evaluation of the Cv construction difficult To avoid this the user may choose to have the program drop the linear secondary consolidation portion of the curve and expand the rest of the curve accordingly Note that this option is only available when plotting time rate curves on hardcopy reports the on screen square root time plot instead features a zoom option Increment Figure Numbers This option allows the user to specify increasing figure numbers on successive pages of time rate curve reports if this option is chosen then the figure number printed on the consolidation curve report matches the number specified under Figure No in the Test Parameters window see Section 3 1 the figure number used on the first time rate curve report is the Figure No value increased by one each subsequent page increments this number by one Refer to page 28 of the GDM manual for a discussion of how the figure number is incremented If the user chooses not to have the program increment the figure number the consolidation curve report and all time rate curve reports will show the same figure number Manuals C Index gt Show Construction Lines Optionally CONS may be configured to show the C construction lines on hardcopy time rate curve reports
3. Deflection Table prompt Consolidometer Tables Section 2 3 Manuals C Index gt Consolidometer No Several properties are common to all tests run with a given consolidometer rig including the diameter and height of the consolidometer the drainage path and the direction of change for the dial For a new consolidometer click on the Edit button next to the Consolidometer No prompt then enter the consolidometer parameters Because these tables are permanently stored by the program after a table has been entered for subsequent tests the user may simply enter the appropriate table number at the Consolidometer No prompt Sample Height at Test Start Enter the trimmed height of the sample at the start of the test The trimmed diameter of the sample is assumed to be equal to the diameter of the consolidometer ring as entered into the consolidometer table selected for use with the test Overburden Pressure This is an optional parameter used to indicate the pressure exerted by the overburden material on the sample If entered the pressure is used by the program in recompression index calculations as discussed in the Technical Documentation chapter Leave the prompt blank if the pressure was not recorded Manuals C Index gt Time Values Entered As For the entry of loading increments where time rate data are desired the program will accept time readings as either the decimal numbe
4. Manuals USER MANUA INSTALLATION AND OVERVIEW CONFIGURING CONS TEST DATA ENTRY AND MODIFICATION PRINTING TEST SUMMARIES AND REPORTS TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS TUTORIAL HELP CONVERTING DOS CONS DATA FILES Click on a topic or click on the icon shown at the right to start at the first chapter Manuals INSTALLATION AND OVERVIE INSTALLATION HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS DATA REQUIREMENTS DATA ACQUISITION SUPPORT Click on a topic or click on the icon shown at the right to start at the first chapter gt gt Manuals CONFIGURING CONS SETUP DIALOG DEFLECTION TABLES CONSOLIDOMETER TABLES Click on a topic or click on the icon shown at the right to start at the first chapter D Manuals TEST PARAMETERS READINGS DATA ENTRY CURVE DISPLAY SCREEN EDITING DATA FOR AN EXISTING SWELL CONSOLIDATION TEST Click on a topic or click on the icon shown at the right to start at the first chapter se Manuals PRINTING TEST SUMMARIES AND REPORTS PRINTING TEST SUMMARIES PRINTING TEST REPORTS Click on a topic or click on the icon shown at the right to start at the first chapter gt _ gt Manuals CALCULATION OF SPECIMEN PARAMETERS VOID RATIOS AND PERCENT CHANGE CALCULATION CONSOLIDATION VS LOAD CURVE PARAMETER CALCULATIONS TIME CONSOLIDATION CALCULATIONS CONVERSION FACTORS DATA EXPORTED BY THE
5. gt Toolbar Objects e pP ea These buttons select which end of the C construction lines may currently be adjusted Refer to the previous section The selection box labeled DO is determines whether D is determined using the interval construction discussed above or taken to be the actual dial reading at the time the current loading pressure was applied If the D value determined from the interval construction differs significantly from the actual dial reading at time t 0 change the selection box to read initial dial the program will use the actual dial reading at time t 0 as D x The printer button indicates whether or not the current time rate curve and calculated C value will be included on hardcopy time rate printouts If the icon is shown with a red X the curve will not be included as part of the hardcopy time rate reports Manuals C Index gt e Click on this button to change the time rate method for the current loading increment to be dial reading vs square root time e x This button merely indicates that the current time rate display method is dial reading vs log time Manuals C Index gt Square Root Time Curve C Include on Curve v Zoom factor percentage printouts type Construction adjustment endpoint 7 J gt CEE selection a Dap 0 10417 D100 0 10350 i c 0 0001 Curve model Square root time curve adjust the Cv construction using the up and down
6. a b x c x d x e x The resulting equation is used to determine D and D the dial 90 readings at 0 and 90 percent primary consolidation these values are in turn utilized to calculate D and D where x is the percent of consolidation corresponding to C and T and C D D 10 9 D D O TFH a T where C coefficient of consolidation H the average drainage path length as explained in the previous section T time for x primary consolidation TF unitless time factor corresponding to x primary consolidation selected from the list below Manuals C Index gt 5 5 Conversion Factors The following tables list the factors utilized by the program to convert to and from the software s internal units Dimensional Conversion Factors gt ogm Ibs ft 30 48 453 59 1000 9 8067 Unit Weight Conversion Factors kg cm 1 024 2 048 2048 2 98 0687 Stress Conversion Factors Manuals C Index gt 5 6 Data Exported by the Program For each entered test CONS calculates a number of different data items that may be used on data summaries created by the GDM Data Summary and Export tool Additionally these items or variables may be referenced in boring logs and data summaries created with the GEOSYSTEM LOGDRAFT program version 3 3 or later The following table lists the name of all the calculated variables provided by CONS and p
7. may then be calculated and the result used to determine C C 0 197 Hp T50 where C coefficient of consolidation 0 197 time factor corresponding to 50 consolidation Ta time for 50 primary consolidation H the average drainage path length during the current loading increment and Manuals C Index gt Ho SHt SHn 2 DF Hp where H initial height of the specimen oH the total deformation of the specimen up to loading increment n H the change in specimen height during load n this is either D D or the final dial reading for loading increment n the last dial reading of increment n 1 depending upon the Compression Curve Plots setting of the compression curve panel on the setup dialog DF the drainage path factor 1 for single drainage and 2 for double drainage Manuals C Index gt C the coefficient of secondary compression is calculated as the slope of the right hand C construction line divided by either the height of solids H or the initial sample height H this choice is based upon the Calculate Secondary Compression As setting of the Time Rate Curves setup dialog panel see Section 2 1 3 X TIME Manuals C Index gt 5 4 2 Square root time Similar to log time method curves square root time method time consolidation curves are presented using either a point to point or a linear least squares type curve fitting technique
8. the L button is depressed the left endpoint of the construction lines may be moved the right endpoints move when the R button is depressed A finer adjustment may be obtained by pressing the Shift key in conjunction with the up and down cursor keys Manuals C Index gt The intersection between the C construction line and the curve is shown in red as an aid to properly placing the tangent The T intersection is indicated by a vertical line which may be moved left or right by pressing the left or right cursor keys Again a finer adjustment may be obtained by pressing the Shift key in conjunction with the left and right cursor keys Manuals C Index gt Toolbar Objects e Ri These buttons select which end of the C construction lines may currently be adjusted Refer to the previous section Note that the selection of the curve drawing method has no effect on the calculated D value and little overall effect on the calculated D and C values The choice been the linear and fitted methods is mainly made for aesthetic reasons Manuals C Index gt e The selection box listing Fitted and Linear determines whether the curve is drawn by using a smoothed mathematically generated shape i e Fitted or as a series of Straight lines drawn between readings Linear Each curve drawing option has its own advantages and drawbacks The Fitted method mathematically smoothes out any t
9. value shown in the time rate curve display s status window reads n a then the program could not calculate a valid C value this is usually due to a problem with the adjustment of the C construction lines 3 The time rate curve has not been viewed on the screen If a change is made to the data in the tests parameters window or if the loading increment was acquired from an external data file this is an optional feature then the time rate curve for the loading increment must be viewed on the screen prior to printing To view the curve follow the instructions below To view the data and time rate curve for a loading increment click the left mouse button with the mouse cursor located on the appropriate increment in the loading increment list Manuals C Index gt 3 2 3 Time Rate Window The ASTM consolidation test specification provides two methods of displaying time rate test data dial readings vs log time and dial readings vs square root time CONS supports both methods the user may specify which method the program defaults to when a new loading increment is entered through the Time Rate Curves panel in the Setup dialog Section 2 1 3 once a loading increment has been entered the user may switch between log time and square root time through the Time Rate menu or through buttons on the time rate windows toolbars discussed in the following sections Note that the curve display method may be selected
10. will begin a new loading increment When entering time rate data for C calculations the user should check the time rate curve display window to make sure that the C constructions for the current loading increment have been properly placed prior to starting a new loading increment To create a saturation cycle enter all of the time dial reading pairs taken for the loading increment prior to the addition of water then start a new loading increment Enter a W or S as the loading pressure for the new increment then enter the time dial readings taken between the time the water was added and the application of the next loading pressure Manuals C Index gt The Loading Increment List On the right hand side of the test data entry window the program maintains a list of the loading increments entered into the current test file A symbol is shown to the left of each increment in the list the symbol indicates the following zx This indicates that the corresponding time rate curve will be included on hardcopy reports aes that include time rate curves X This indicates that the corresponding time rate curve will NOT be included on hardcopy reports There are three possible reasons for this condition 1 The user manually selected the DO NOT PRINT time rate toolbar button Manuals C Index gt 2 The program was unable to calculate a C value for the corresponding loading increment If the C
11. PROGRAM Click on a topic or click on the icon shown at the right to start at the first chapter gt i Manuals HELP FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS ERROR MESSAGES Click on a topic or click on the icon shown at the right to start at the first chapter gt i 1 Installation and Overview The GEOSYSTEM Swell Consolidation Test module CONS is designed to reduce laboratory data from a one dimensional consolidation or swell test Spreadsheet style screens simplify the data entry process while extensive graphics options make checking and correcting entered data a snap CONS specifically supports the ASTM D 2435 and D 4536 Methods A and B standards CONS features full reduction of time consolidation data including both square root and log of time methods Coefficient of consolidation void ratios compression and recompression indices preconsolidation and swell pressures and swell collapse percentages are calculated and reported by the program For those values which are ordinarily determined using various tangent line construction rules the program uses similar interactive graphics constructions CONS has the ability to automatically perform unit conversions on all dimensions stresses and unit weights Manuals C Index gt CONS utilizes the GEOSYSTEM Data Manager program GDM for all of its file processing operations The user should be familiar with the material in the GDM reference manual prior
12. Report Form The program features several unique formats for presenting the time rate curves in hardcopy form Examples of each of the report formats listed in the Report Form box may be found in Appendix A Report Title Each hardcopy time rate report form includes a common title that may be modified by the user Manuals C Index gt 2 2 Deflection Tables Because the loading frame can deform when subjected to increasing stresses the ASTM D 2435 specification requires that a table of loading frame deflections be generated for the various loading pressures to be utilized in the consolidation test The deflections are taken using a non deformable disk in place of the sample along with optionally filter papers if they will be used in the actual test Deflection tables are stored in a database by the program so that they may be shared between tests that use the same loading frame and loading sequence To view or edit the program s database of deflection tables select Edit from the Deflection Tables box in the General Setup dialog panel Section 2 1 1 or from the Deflection Table prompt on the Test Parameters dialog Section 3 1 2 Manuals C Index gt Deflection Tables Deflection Tables l Currently Selected Deflection Table Reference Set inches ID Reference Set inches 025 0 00080 oso 0 0000 1 00 f ooo w 0 00240 ae ew 1582 aC 0 00340 0 00440 0 00560 Cli
13. Solids 177 68 om Final Calculated Values Moisture 19 6 Est Height of Solids 0 6215 in Moisture 18 9 Wet Density 127 7 pef Void Ratio 0 609 i ids Br dean E alts a mee Weight of Solids 177 23 gm Press Tab to change fields select Help for editing keys CONS Test Parameters Dialog Three categories of sample test data are entered into the dialog the Untrimmed Sample data the Test Specific data and the Post Test data Also included are prompts for entering general information concerning the sample such as the sample s liquid and plastic limit the soil classification etc Manuals C Index gt 3 1 1 General Sample Information Swell consolidation reports include information that is neither part of the actual swell consolidation testing data e g the weight of the trimmed sample nor part of the program s calculated data e g the calculated final void ratio This information termed the general sample information varies according to which report format is selected i e some forms may include a place for listing the sample s USCS classification while other forms may omit this information Refer to Appendix A for a list of available report forms and to Sections 2 1 4 and 2 1 5 for instructions on selecting a new form General sample information is entered into the General Sample Information box Some items in the General Sample Information box may be automatically filled in by other data
14. Units Output these are the units to be used when reporting or graphing loading pressures Note that the output stress units may be different than the input stress units the program will automatically perform any necessary conversions Dimension Units Output Selects the units to be used when reporting or graphing dimensions Again the output dimension units may be different from the input dimension units Refer to Section 3 2 of the GDM manual for information on changing the input dimension units Manuals C Index gt Unit Weight Units Output Selects the units to be used when reporting the initial wet and dry sample densities Deflection Tables Clicking this button allows the user to enter and modify loading frame deflection tables These tables are discussed in detail in Section 2 2 Consolidometer Tables Clicking this button allows the user to enter and modify consolidometer tables These tables are discussed in detail in Section 2 3 Manuals C Index gt 2 1 2 Compression Curves Consolidation Setup Compression Curve Starts At Compression Curve Plots OJ OJ ASTM D 4546 Compatibility Swell Pressure Calculated As pressure at restoration E Recompression Index Is average slopes of rebound and reload intervals Compression Curve Setup Panel Manuals C Index gt Compression Curve Starts At The user has the option of starting the compression curve at either the first lo
15. a sample When the appropriate sample window is displayed double click on Swell Consolidation in the Test Modules panel To edit the CONS data already entered for a given sample follow the steps outlined in Section 3 9 of the GDM manual to re edit the sample then click on Swell Consolidation Manuals C Index gt 3 1 Test Parameters If swell consolidation data for the selected sample have not yet been entered CONS will begin the data entry process by displaying the Test Parameters dialog shown below When revising data the same dialog may be viewed by selecting Window Test Parameters from the Test Readings screen discussed in Section 3 2 Manuals C Index gt Test Parameters Close Edit Help General Sample Information Liquid Limit __ PlasticityIndex uscs AASHTO FigueNo Testing Remarks Pe Test Specific Data Deflection Table Reference Set inches E Consolidometer No Sample Height at Test Start in i Time Yalues Entered As lelapsed time a Overburden Pressure tsf Initial Untrimmed Sample Data Post Test Sample Data Wet Weigh T are gm Height in _ Wet Weight Tare gm_ Dry Weight T are gm as Dry Weight T are gm Tare Weight gm teapot Hah i Tare Weight gm 131 3 Specific Gravity 2 752 Weight gm 212 5 Use Final Weight of Solids Bes Calculated Moa Est Weight of
16. an initial time and dial reading recorded prior to the addition of the loading stress the time is either 0 seconds or the 24 hour clock time just prior to the addition of the loading stress and a time dial reading taken at the end of the loading increment further intermediate readings may be entered if the user would like to plot time rate charts Note that the term loading increment is used generically to represent both loading and unloading increments Time readings may be entered as either elapsed time in decimal minutes or as 24 hour clock times Manuals C Index gt 1 3 4 Post Test Specimen Data The post test wet and dry sample weights may also be entered these numbers may be utilized for double checking the program s calculated dry sample weight If the calculated dry sample weight which is derived from the density and volume of the untrimmed sample appears incorrect the user may force the program utilize the post test dry weight in place of the derived weight Manuals C Index gt 1 4 Data Acquisition Support The ability to import data recorded by data acquisition equipment is an optional feature in CONS versions of the program customized for data import may be obtained directly from the makers of consolidation test hardware Manuals C Index gt 2 Configuring CONS CONS includes a number of user configured parameters when the software is first installed the user should
17. begin by setting up the program with the options that most closely match the test to be run The following sections detail the various configuration options available Manuals C Index gt 2 1 Setup Dialog CONS program options are configured from the program s setup dialog below The dialog may be accessed from two places the first is the Options CONS Setup menu selection available within the GEOSYSTEM for Windows program the second Setup is available from the CONS data entry screen Manuals C Index gt Consolidation Setup Setup Category Compressio Time Rate Compressio Time Rate Curve Curves Report Reports General Setup Options Stress Units Input fer Units Output Dimensional Units Output Unit Weight Units Output feet and inches 8 Deflection T ables Consolidometer Tables Setup Dialog Showing the General Setup Panel Manuals C Index gt Note that it does make a difference as to which method is used to view the setup screen When the setup screen is displayed using the Setup option from the CONS data entry screen many of the configuration options apply strictly to the test data set currently being entered or to all tests entered into the current project When the setup screen is displayed from the GDM Options CONS Setup menu the same configuration options will be applied only to test data sets entered into newly created project f
18. cursor keys adjust the curve intercept line using the left Square Root time Display C Index gt The square root time window displays a graph of dial reading vs square root elapsed time The purpose of this window is to allow the user to adjust the construction lines used to determine D D and C Note that the Cv value is presented in the units selected from the time rate curves panel of the setup dialog All other calculated values and scales are displayed in the units selected for the inputted data Manuals C Index gt Cy Construction Adjustment Cv constructions are shown as a pair of lines intersecting at D the program s calculated initial dial reading The left most of the two lines should be tangent to the initial points of the curve which indicate a straight line trend The right most line has a slope 1 15 times that of the left most the intersection of this line with the curve provides T and D the time and dial 90 reading at which 90 of the primary consolidation has been completed Make sure that the time rate display window has the focus prior to attempting to adjust the C constructions See Section 3 2 The pair of lines used to determine D may be moved by using the up and down cursor keys Use the End key to alternate between moving the left and right ends of the lines The L and R buttons in the window s toolbar indicate which ends of the lines will be moved when
19. data and curves associated with the sample will not be included on hardcopy reports until each curve has been previewed on screen You can do this by repeatedly clicking the gt gt button in the test readings window until the end of the loading increments list has been reached 1001 The specific gravity associated with this test has been changed All Cv constructions will be reset You must review each time rate curve on screen This indicates that the specific gravity associated with the sample was changed by another data reduction module or through LOGDRAFT This change means that CONS must recalculate all testing information so the C and C P_ constructions will be reset Note that the time rate curves and data associated with the sample will not be included on hardcopy reports until each curve has been previewed on screen Manuals C Index gt 1002 The consolidometer data associated with this test have changed All Cv constructions will be reset Review each time rate curve on screen 1003 The deflection table associated with this test has been changed All Cv constructions will be reset You must review each time rate curve on screen Modifying consolidometer or deflection information invalidates the calculated test data for any samples that use the modified consolidometer entry or deflection table The next time the sample is loaded CONS will detect that the sample s consolidometer or deflection t
20. directions may be incorporated into a single entry in the table Manuals C Index gt Consolidometers Currently Selected Deflection T able Dial Change Drainage Height Diameter pachana Dame al E z a aro ooo Increasing Doume s 2409 5093 Decieasing Double e 1 000 250 Decreasing Double z ioo 250 Decreasing Double e ioo 250 Decreasing Doue o roo 250 Decreasis Double Consolidometer Table Dialog To input a new consolidometer type select Window Test Parameters and click on the Edit button next to Consolidometer No Section 3 1 2 or select Edit from the Consolidometer Tables box in the General Setup dialog panel Section 2 1 1 The program supports a fixed set of consolidometers to create a new entry change one of the existing consolidometer types Begin entering data by clicking on the Height column Manuals C Index gt Consolidometer Table Columns Height Diameter Enter the height and inside diameter of the consolidometer ring The height is used only to provide a default value for the Sample Height prompt in the Test Parameters dialog Note that the measurement units used for the sample height and diameter must be identical to the measurement units to be utilized in consolidation tests that will use the consolidometer e g if measurements for the consolidation tests will
21. end 2 Preconsolidation Pressure CONS calculates preconsolidation pressures P_ using the standard Casagrande method outlined below 1 The point of maximum curvature on the curve is located 2 A tangent to the curve at that point is determined 3 The horizontal line passing through that same point is drawn 4 The equation for the line bisecting the above lines is determined Manuals C Index gt 5 The point is located where the tangent to the linear portion of the virgin consolidation curve meets this bisector line the same tangent is used that was selected for the Cc P is equal to the pressure corresponding to this point Recompression Swell Indices CONS will calculate and report a value for either C the recompression index or C the swell index depending upon whether or not a saturation cycle was included as part of the test for tests that include a saturation cycle C is calculated otherwise the program calculates C C is always the average of the slopes of the unloading cycles Depending upon the user s selection for the Recompression Index is option in the Compression Curves setup dialog panel C will be either the average slope of the reload portions of the curve or the average of the unload and reload slopes If an overburden pressure is entered and the preconsolidation pressure is greater than the overburden pressure then the slope averaging will only be performed on the portion o
22. given loading increment based upon whether or not the increment was in an initial loading cycle an unloading cycle or a reloading cycle Manuals C Index gt Note that the loading increment immediately prior to a water added cycle and the actual water added cycle share the same loading pressure and deflection enter a pressure deflection line for the loading increment immediately prior to the water added cycle do not enter a line for the actual water added cycle Deflection Enter the reading on the dial gauge after the given pressure was applied Note that the dial gauge must be zeroed prior to starting the calibration procedure Use the same measurement units cms or inches that will be used during the actual consolidation tests utilizing the new deflection table NOTE all deflection readings should be positive If the dial gauge DECREASES with compression enter the deflection as the positive amount of deflection Manuals C Index gt 2 3 Consolidometer Tables Several properties are common to all tests run with a given consolidometer rig including the diameter and height of the consolidometer the drainage path and the direction of change for the dial gauge These properties are stored in the consolidometer table from which the user must select an entry for each new swell or consolidation test performed Multiple consolidometers featuring the same diameter height drainage paths and dial change
23. icon is shown with a red X the curve will not be included as part of the hardcopy time rate reports m Click on this button to change the time rate method for the current loading increment to be dial reading vs log time This button merely indicates that the current time rate display method is square root time Manuals C Index gt 3 2 4 Compression Curve Window Click to select the curve scales Compresison Units Swell Pressure Construction adjustment nis Compression curve adjust the Ce construction using the up and down cursor keys adjust the max curvature point using the left Compression Curve Window C Index gt The compression curve window displays a graph of change void ratio or deformation vs log pressure From this window the user has the option to adjust the construction lines used to determine the preconsolidation pressure P and compression index C values to choose the type of compression graph change void ratio or deformation and to specify the scales to be used on the graph Note that the pressure and deformation scales are shown in the Output Stress and Output Dimension units selected from the General Setup dialog Section 2 1 Manuals C Index gt Cc and Pc Construction Adjustment Make sure that the time rate display window has the focus prior to attempting to adjust the compression curve constructions See Se
24. of all calculated coefficients of consolidation and related loading pressures EF Final void ratio FINAL _SAT Final saturation CSMF Final moisture content Manuals C Index gt 6 Tutorial 1 Before starting this tutorial proceed through the tutorial presented in Chapter 6 of the GDM manual If the GDM tutorial was just completed the sample window for Sample 3 from Boring B 4 will currently be displayed by GDM If the appropriate sample window isn t currently displayed do the following a Start the software by double clicking on the GEOSYSTEM for Windows icon in the GEOSYSTEM program group b From the opening screen select File Open Project When the project dialog box is displayed select the project called DEMO it will be located in the same directory as the GEOSYSTEM for Windows software c From the main project screen click on Boring B 4 then double click on S 3 CONS setup dialog Section 2 1 2 Select Options CONS Setup then select Compression Report from the Setup Categories box Select CSCONSS as the Report form Click on the Ok button to continue 3 From the sample data dialog double click on the Swell Consolidation icon in the Test Modules box Manuals C Index gt CONS Test Parameters Screen Section 3 1 4 The next screen to appear is the CONS Test Parameters screen Enter the following general sample info in the box at the top of the Test Pa
25. references define Cr as the average slope of the rebound cycle s while other references define the value as the average slope of both the rebound and recompression cycles The program may be configured to calculate Cr by either method or to not or report Cr For swell tests the software will always calculate Cs the swell index as the average slope of the only the rebound cycle s and Cs will be reported in place of Cr Manuals C Index gt 2 1 3 Time Rate Curves Consolidation Setup Setup Category Compressio Time Rate Compressio Time Rate Curve Curves Report Reports Time Rate Curve Options Min Data Points for Time Rate Curves Calculate Secondary Compression As Report Cy Values As fect day el do not calculate el Default Time Consolidation Graph is Dial Reading Ys Log of Time Square Root of Time C Time Rate Curves Setup Panel Min Data Points for Time Rate Curves In order to generate Cv values the program requires a minimum of 4 data points per loading increment however the user may opt to increase the minimum required number points by changing this value Manuals C Index gt Report C Values As The program supports a number of different units for reporting Cv values Note that the selections available depends upon the Output Units chosen from the General Setup Options panel Calculate Secondary Compression As Standard references list the
26. select the Compression Delete Shaping Point menu option If the curve contains one shaping point the point will be immediately removed If more than a single shaping point has been added to the curve the shaping point nearest the mouse pointer will be shown with a box around it Move the cursor until the desired shaping point is highlighted then click the left mouse button A message will appear noting that the shaping point has been removed Manuals C Index gt Removing all shaping points Selecting Compression Return to Original Curve removes all shaping points Manuals C Index gt Toolbar Objects e CR These buttons determine which end of the C construction line is currently adjustable Refer to the previous section on C and P adjustment for further information e The selection box labeled Type allows the selection of one of three units for the deformation scale change in void ratio sample height void ratio or deformation All are plotted against log pressure Note that this selection does not affect C P or C Note that the void ratio vs log pressure graph may not be selected if the user did not enter a specific gravity for the current sample See Section 1 3 2 e The Scale button allows the user to specify the scales to be used on the compression graph For further information refer to the next section Manuals C Index gt Setting the Compression Scales The
27. the correct drive and type SETUP Manuals C Index gt 1 1 2 For Users Who Do Not Have GEOSYSTEM for Windows Installed See Chapter 2 of the GDM manual for instructions on installing the Data Manager module Once the Data Manager is installed the installation program will ask you if there are more modules to be installed Select Yes place the Swell Consolidation module disk into the same drive the GDM disk was in and click Ok to continue Manuals C Index gt 1 2 Hardware and Software Requirements CONS supports the same range of hardware and software listed in Chapter 1 of the GDM manual CONS in particular requires 700 000 bytes of hard disk space CONS requires a VGA or SVGA monitor For better viewing results it is recommended that the user s Windows installation be configured for 800x600 or better resolution Viewing resolution is changed using the Display Properties sheet in the Windows95 Control Panel or through the Windows Setup icon in the Windows 3 1 Windows for WorkGroups Main program group Users who have previously purchased the MS DOS CONS program may import the older program s test files into the GEOSYSTEM for Windows environment Instructions on doing this are given in Chapter 8 Manuals C Index gt 1 3 Data Requirements CONS requires the dimensions of the consolidometer and its dial and drainage characteristics and optionally uses a table of deflecti
28. to Starting with this manual Manuals C Index gt 1 1 Installation The GEOSYSTEM for Windows package requires Windows 3 1 3 11 Windows for WorkGroups Windows95 or OS 2 with Win OS 2 support For users of the older MS DOS Consolidation program the installation program for the GEOSYSTEM for Windows CONS module provides the option of re using the MS DOS program s consolidometer oedometer and machine deflection tables If this option is not selected and at a later date the user would like to re use the MS DOS program s tables simply re install the CONS Windows module and choose the option to re use the MS DOS program s tables Manuals C Index gt 1 1 1 For Users Who Already Have GEOSYSTEM for Windows Installed During the following installation process you will be asked which directory to install the CONS module into Please be sure to install it into the same hard disk subdirectory where your GEOSYSTEM for Windows base module is already installed You can find the name of this directory by selecting Help About This Program from the GEOSYSTEM for Windows opening screen and then clicking on the System Info button For Windows 3 1 and 3 11 Load the Windows File Manager Place the CONS disk in a drive and click on that drive icon When the list of files appears double click on SETUP EXE For Windows95 From the Start menu select Run Place the CONS disk in a drive then select
29. 01 inches or centimeters The program includes an automatic dial divisor option designed to save a few keystrokes per reading with the selection of the appropriate divisor the user can enter 2631 instead of 0 2631 Once each reading is entered the program divides the number entered by the divisor to obtain the true dial reading Select an appropriate divisor from the Dial Divisor selection box shown in the data entry window s toolbar If 1 is selected as the dial divisor the program will expect that actual dial readings will be entered The first time dial reading pair entered in the test readings grid should be at time 0 the dial reading should be identical to the final dial reading taken on the previous loading increment for the first loading increment enter the initial reading on the dial prior to the application of any pressure Manuals C Index gt For tests without time consolidation data enter F in the second line of the table for the elapsed time the program will display final for the time then enter the final dial reading After doing this once CONS will assume that subsequent loading increments will only include the final dial reading automatically display final and jump directly to the readings column Note that this option is valid only when entering elapsed times as opposed to 24 hour clock readings After the final dial reading has been entered for the loading increment pressing Enter twice
30. 70 223 0668 Email GEOSYSTEM compuserve com Manuals C Index gt 7 1 Frequently Asked Questions General Q CONS produced an error message and terminated What should I do A Under normal circumstances the program should never shut itself down If for some unusual reason CONS cannot continue the program will produce a message indicating what went wrong and then terminate itself If this happens make a note of the message and call GEOSYSTEM Software Q How do copy CONS data files from one machine to another Q Can luse DOS to delete CONS data files A Refer to the Frequently Asked Questions chapter in the GDM manual Manuals C Index gt Data Entry Q Why does the program immediately change the dial reading values that enter A CONS multiplies all dial readings by the number listed in the Dial Divisor box Make sure to take this number into account when entering dial readings or change the divisor to 1 if you wish to enter true dial readings Note that CONS does not incorporate a way to automatically correct dial readings that were entered while an incorrect divisor was selected these readings must be re entered after the correct divisor has been selected Q How do change the initial test parameters such as the sample height weight etc A Select the Window menu option then choose 4 Test Parameters Manuals C Index gt Time Rate Curves Q Why does the d
31. able has been changed and will recalculate all testing information based upon the modified information All C and C P constructions will be reset make sure to review each time rate curve on screen prior to printing a test report Manuals C Index gt 1004 WARNING The deflection table selected for use with this test no longer exists The table selection will be reset The deflection table used for the test was deleted or ID associated with the table was changed Because the deflection table could no longer be located the program has reset all deflections to 0 and all C and C P constructions have been reset Make sure to review each time rate curve on screen prior to printing a test report 1005 Note due to a sample data change the time rate constructions have been reset Review all time rate curves on screen Changing a test parameter such as the sample height causes the program to recalculate all testing information based upon the modified parameter This resets the C and C P constructions which must be reviewed on screen prior to printing a test report Manuals C Index gt 1006 Changing the input stress units will not affect any existing CONS data entered for this project This setting only affects the units CONS thinks your loading pressures are entered in Are you sure that you want to make this change The stress input units setting merely informs the program as to the units that we
32. ading stress or at the left edge of the graph When starting at the left edge of the graph the program plots from a void ratio to the initial void ratio a change of 0 anda deformation of 0 Compression Curve Plots The compression curve may be plotted as the void ratio deformation change at either the final dial reading taken at each loading increment or at the calculated end of primary consolidation D100 for each loading increment If the D100 option is chosen loading increments without time rate readings will be plotted at the final dial reading for the loading increment minus the difference between the final dial reading and D100 at the first previous loading increment where time rate readings were taken Changing this option while entering data for a consolidation test defines the corresponding option for every consolidation test entered into the current project ASTM D 4546 Compatibility If this option is chosen hardcopy compression curve charts will include a right hand scale indicating heave Refer to the Technical Documentation chapter for a discussion of how heave is calculated Manuals C Index gt Swell Pressure Calculated As CONS will calculate swell pressure as either the pressure required to restore the wetted sample to the void ratio at the time of wetting or the difference between the restoration pressure and the pressure on the sample when it was wetted Recompression Index Is some
33. an be seen in its entirety Select Continue from the menu to display the time rate report then select Continue to return to the Print Selection dialog 17 To reports select the Print button A printer option box will appear When all of the options are correct select the Ok button to continue with the printout The printed reports should look like those shown in Appendix Select Close to close the window Quit to exit CONS all data will be saved then File Save and Exit to leave GEOSYSTEM for Windows Manuals C Index gt 7 Help CONS includes on line context sensitive assistance for users with questions To active it simply click on the Help menu item or command button If you don t find an answer to your question in the program s help be sure to check the frequently asked questions section in this chapter If you re still stuck please feel free to contact GEOSYSTEM Software directly We do not charge for technical support but we do ask that you be at your computer when you call with your data easily accessible Also please know the operating system and computer model you are using as well as your printer type and network brand if applicable If you have a question regarding the program s calculations print out and fax to us a test summary that includes tabulated time rate readings Instructions for producing the test summary may be found in Section 4 1 You may contact us at Phone 970 223 8788 Fax 9
34. anuals C Index gt Percent Heave If the user selects the ASTM D 4546 compatibility configuration option CONS will calculate a percent heave for the sample percent heave is percent strain adjusted relative to either the height of the sample at the time of inundation or the height of the sample at the overburden pressure modified Method A WHVn a 100 where HV the percent heave H height of the sample at the time of inundation overburden pressure Manuals C Index gt 5 3 Consolidation vs Log Pressure Curve Calculations Void ratio percent strain or deformation is plotted against the log applied pressure using a cubic spline curve fitting method Once data points are fit to a curve P preconsolidation pressure C compression index C recompression index and if applicable swell pressure percent heave swell and C swell index values are determined using the equations outlined below Compression Index The compression index C is defined as the slope of the straight line portion of the consolidation curve It is expressed as a ratio of the change in void ratio to the change in log of pressure over the straight line portion of the compression curve E de log o2 01 where Manuals C Index gt C compression index always positive de void ratio change between o amp pressure at one end of the straight line section 1 pressure at the other
35. arameter is optional however if it is left blank the program will not calculate void ratios Manuals C Index gt 3 1 4 Post Test Sample Data The post test sample weights are optional items these prompts may be left blank if the sample was not weighted after the completion of the consolidation test If entered the program will utilize them to calculate the final weight of solids and final moisture content If the post test sample weights are entered the user may opt to have the program utilize the final weight of solids in all calculations involving the weight of the consolidation test sample do this by checking the Use Final Weight of Solids box If the Use Final Weight of Solids box is to be selected the final moisture content test must have been run using the entire sample that was utilized in the actual swell consolidation test If the post test weights aren t entered or if the Use Final Weight of Solids box isn t selected then the program will utilize an estimated weight of solids based upon the dry weight of the untrimmed sample multiplied by the ratio of the volume of the untrimmed sample to the volume of the trimmed sample Manuals C Index gt 3 2 Readings Data Entry Curve Display Screen The readings data entry curve display screen consists of the compression curve window the log time root time curve window and the test readings data entry window These windows allow th
36. arger sample by the ratio of test soecimen volume to the volume of the larger sample Manuals C Index gt 2 The actual test soecimen dimensions and weight are recorded and entered in the program This is the simplest case and the program calculates the moisture density saturation etc directly from the measurements The weight of solids is determined from the test specimen s wet weight and moisture content This information is entered into the Test Parameters Post Test panel 3 As an alternative to using the weight of solids calculated by CONS from the initial specimen the user may enter a dried post test specimen weight The following sections detail the calculation procedures utilized by the software Note that the equations assume that dimensions are given in centimeters and weights are in grams Unit conversion factors are listed in Section 5 5 Manuals C Index gt 5 1 1 Moisture Content Determination The initial natural moisture content is calculated as follows Initial moisture content MGi WM Wt 5 4 ogo Wat Wi where MC initial moisture content W weight of wet sample with tare W weight of dried sample with tare W weight of the tare Manuals C Index gt 5 1 2 Wet and Dry Density Determination The initial natural wet and dry densities are calculated from the untrimmed specimen as follows Wet density WM u Vi where Y Initial
37. as W Final moisture content E Ww Wat MC Wa Wt where MC final moisture content W final weight of wet sample with tare W final weight of dried sample with tare W tare weight Weight of solids calculated from post test sample data Manuals C Index gt where W weight of solids calculated from the post test sample Manuals C Index gt 5 2 Intermediate Void Ratio and Percent Strain Calculations Void ratios and percent strain are calculated at the end of each loading increment using the following equations Intermediate Void Ratio Void ratios subsequent to the initial void ratio are calculated as follows e e e where e void ratio at the end of loading increment n e the initial void ratio de change in void ratio from the initial pre test sample to the end of load increment n and DRn DRc DRo Hs Manuals C Index gt e where DR dial reading at the end of the loading increment D or the final dial reading entered for the increment The choice depends upon the Compression Curve Plots option discussed in Section 2 1 2 DR deflection correction optional or O if D is used DR initial dial reading at start of test H height of solids Percent Strain DRn DRe DRo Ho YoSn 100 where S strain for loading increment n H initial height of test specimen o M
38. ata already entered for a given sample follow the steps outlined in Section 3 9 of the GDM manual to re edit the sample then click on Swell Consolidation in the Test Modules panel Manuals C Index gt 4 Printing Test Summaries and Reports CONS generates both graphical chart reports and text summaries of the data entered for a single test Manuals C Index gt 4 1 Printing Test Summaries As an aid in validating the data entered into the program CONS includes a facility for printing a test data summary this is not the same as the data summary tool included with GDM which has the ability to summarize the data from multiple test tyoes and multiple samples CONS data summary merely presents the data that was entered for a single CONS test To print a Summary for the current swell consolidation test select Print Test Summary from the CONS test readings data entry screen Tabulate Calculated Time Rate Values Tabulate Time Rate Readings X Include Time Rate Charts X Summary Options Dialog Manuals C Index gt Prior to printing the summary the program displays the Summary Options dialog shown above after selecting the appropriate options select Ok to continue From this dialog the following options may be selected Tabulate Calculated Time Rate Values If this option is selected then the program will include the C and C values as part of the End of Load summar
39. be taken in inches enter the consolidometer height and diameter in inches If the same consolidometer will be utilized for tests measured in inches AND for tests measured in centimeters two separate consolidometer types must be created enter one type using centimeter dimensions and the second using inches then select the appropriate consolidometer on a test by test basis If the consolidation test is to be performed directly within a ring lined sampler without trimming enter 0 as the consolidometer diameter The program will assume that the diameter of the sample during the consolidation test is identical to the value entered as the Untrimmed Sample Diameter in the Test Parameters dialog Manuals C Index gt Dial Change With Compression The program supports dial gauges that read increasing values as the sample is compressed and gauges that read decreasing values as the sample is compressed Select the correct option from the list If an incorrect selection is made the compression vs log pressure curve for tests utilizing the consolidometer will appear upside down Drainage Path If a porous stone was utilized on both faces of the test sample select Double otherwise select Single Manuals C Index gt 3 Test Data Entry and Modification To begin entering data for a swell or consolidation test start by following the steps outlined in Section 3 8 or Section 3 9 of the GDM manual for creating and revising
40. ble those that give increasing readings as the consolidation sample is compressed and those that give decreasing readings CONS is designed to work with both types as part of the test parameters for the sample a consolidometer table entry is chosen the setting of the Dial Change with Compression option for the chosen entry tells the program what type of gauge was used for the test If the compression curve appears upside down then the Dial Change with Compression setting is reversed select Window Test Parameters then note the number listed next to the Consolidometer No prompt Next click on the Edit button shown next to the prompt Go to the consolidometer table row corresponding to the number noted above then switch the setting of the Dial Change with Compression entry for that row if the setting is currently Increasing change it to Decreasing if the setting is Decreasing change it to Increasing Click on the Close button then select Close from the menu The compression curve should appear in the correct orientation Manuals C Index gt Q Why does the stress scale for the compression curve appear incorrect A Most likely an incorrect selection was made for either the Stress Units Input or Stress Units Output options Select Setup and verify that the correct choice was made for both options Note that if the Stress Units Input selection d
41. ck to delete the currently highlighted set Deflection Table Dialog 1 2 3 EA 5 6 a Current deflection tables are shown in the Deflection Tables panel The New button at the bottom of the panel causes the program to create a new deflection table and the Remove button deletes the currently highlighted deflection table To view or edit an existing deflection table click on the table ID in the Deflection Tables panel Manuals C Index gt Deflection Table Prompts ID Each deflection table must be associated with a unique ID or description so that the user may select the table from a list of deflection tables stored in the system Enter anything into this field as long as it is unique from the other ID s shown in the Deflection Tables panel When entering pressures into the deflection table use the stress units that will be used to enter loading pressures for tests that will utilize the new deflection table Pressure Enter each loading pressure used in the calibration procedure in order of application Note that if an unload and or reload cycle was included as part of the calibration the table will feature multiple entries for the same loading pressure one for the initial loading one for the unload one for the reload etc This is acceptable When the table is applied to a consolidation test the program will determine which of the calibration entries will be used for a
42. compression curve scales may be modified by pressing the Scale button located on the Compression Curve window toolbar The program displays a dialog box which allows the user to select the maximum ordinate axis i e change void ratio or deformation value the scale increment between two ordinate grid lines and the minimum and maximum pressures included on the graph Z Strain Scale Top Increment Use negative values for compression Pressure Scale kg cm Left Haximum Compression Curve Scales Dialog Manuals C Index gt When entering values make sure to select values appropriate to the selected output stress and dimensional units Keep in mind that these units may be different than the units used to enter the pressure and dial readings if so the changed scale values will not be reflected in the on screen compression curve display See General Setup Options Section 2 1 1 for further information The scale selections may be reset to program determined default values by either deleting the contents of each data entry field in the scale dialog and setting the minimum pressure scale to default or by clicking on the Reset button On strain scales if the maximum value is a percent compression as opposed to a percent swell enter the value as a negative number Manuals C Index gt 3 3 Editing Data For An Existing Swell Consolidation Test To edit swell consolidation d
43. ction 3 2 The compression index C line shown in cyan should be tangent to the steep linear portion of the compression curve The endpoints of the line may be adjusted individually by using the up and down cursor keys use the End key to alternate between moving the left and right ends of the line The L and R buttons in the window s toolbar indicate which end of the line will be moved when the L button is depressed the left endpoint of the construction line may be moved the right endpoint moves when the R button is depressed Note that a finer adjustment may be obtained by pressing the Shift key in conjunction with the up and down cursor keys As an aid in placing the tangent line the intersection between the line and the compression curve turns red Manuals C Index gt The preconsolidation pressure P calculation requires the location of the point of maximum curvature on the consolidation curve this point is automatically chosen by the program and marked with a red vertical line This location may be adjusted by using the left and right arrow keys again note that a finer adjustment may be obtained by pressing the Shift key Manuals C Index gt Curve Shaping Circular markers are plotted on the curve to indicate the calculated compression points shaping points are indicated by crosses Once data have been entered the program will display the compression curve which may be shaped b
44. e setup dialog see Section 2 1 Quit closes the CONS module and returns to GDM Time Rate menu selections anywhere within the time rate curve window Square Rooi time Log time selects which of two display methods will be used for the currently displayed loading increment See Section 3 2 3 Manuals C Index gt Include This Curve on Printouts Omit This Curve From Printouts selects whether or not the currently displayed loading increment will printed as part of any hardcopy time rate chart reports Previous Loading Increment Next Loading Increment displays data for the previous and next loading increments In addition to the menu items listed above the Time Rate menu also includes some items which are available only if the current time rate curve display method is log time and items which are only available when displaying a square root time curve A list of these options and their explanations is provided below Square root time menu items Fitted Curve Linear Curve the user has the option of having the program either generate a mathematically modeled curve based upon the time dial readings for the current loading increment or just draw a series of straight lines between successive time dial reading points For further information refer to Section 3 2 3 Adjust Cv Construction Left End Adjust Cv Construction Right End selects which end of the C construction line may be adjusted See Section 3 2 3
45. e the existing Windows data file If the conversion program is able to locate a copy of the MS DOS CONS program at the specified path a list of tests stored by the MS DOS program will be displayed Double click on the appropriate test to perform the conversion Once the file has been converted into a GEOSYSTEM for Windows format it may be viewed by re opening the sample data window then clicking on the Swell Consolidation entry in the Test Modules panel of the window Initially a message will be displayed indicating that the specific gravity associated with the sample has been changed ignore this message The program will proceed to display the test readings screen for the sample make sure to open the Test Parameters window and check the deflection table and consolidometer number for the test as these values may not be correct If desired an overburden pressure may also be entered since the MS DOS program did not include the option to enter an overburden pressure this value will initially be blank Manuals C Index gt
46. e user to enter data and view graphed results all on the same screen Manuals C Index gt Log time Square Root time Compression Curve Window Curve Window gt Swell Consolidation Module Print findow Edit Compression Time Rate Setup Quit Help Compression Cuve Root Time Curve for Cycle 4 LR Type Change L k L Test Data For Load Cycle 1 Load tsf 1 Dial Divisor aoo f gt Loading N Elapsed Reading Elapsed Reading Elapsed Reading ncrement Time min in No Time min in No Time fmin in B a List z ow orzo e 20 ores prea a os ormes a s0 ors so oes Test 0 13308 42 013111 al ae Readings Endof Deflection Corr Dial Reading Compr Swell Void Ratio hse i Load 0 00160 0 13046 1 4 Compr poss a Data Entry Enter the elapsed time in decimal minutes e g 1 min 30 secs 1 5 Test Readings Curve Display Screen Manuals C Index gt Note that only one window at a time may receive input from the keyboard this window is called the focus window and has a title bar shown in blue and white using the default Windows coloring scheme Switch focus from one window to another by clicking the left mouse button once while the mouse pointer is in the title bar of the window you want to activate or select the appropriate window from the Window menu Each of the window
47. easing pressures The pressures automatically displayed after the last entry is 32 Change this value to 8 and enter the following data PRESSURE _ FINAL DIAL 8 0588 0538 4 0597 O O 2 0663 O ae 0732 5 O 0782 12 Again change the pressure before continuing PRESSURE FINAL DIAL 1 07732 2 0752 a ae 0686 8 O 0587 Compression Curve Window Section 3 2 4 13 Adjust the C P_ curve constructions move the mouse cursor to the compression curve window this is the top left hand window then click the left mouse button once to set the input focus to the compression window Use the t Y cursor keys to move the construction lines Manuals C Index gt Printing Test Summaries Section 4 1 14 Print a test summary by selecting Print Test Summary from the menu The Summary Options dialog will appear select all three options then click on the Ok button to continue CONS will produce a two page summary similar to the one shown in Section 4 1 Printing Test Reports Section 4 2 15 Next print a test report for the sample begin by selecting Print Test Reports from the menu The Print Selection dialog will appear begin by clicking on the Both button so that reports for both the compression and time rate curves will be produced 16 When the Preview button is clicked the entire report as it will be printed by the printer appears on screen reduced so that it c
48. easons why the time rate curve is not included in hardcopy reports 1 The user manually selected the DO NOT PRINT time rate toolbar button 2 The program was unable to calculate a C value for the corresponding loading increment If the C value shown in the time rate curve display s status window reads n a then the program could not calculate a valid C value this is usually due to a problem with the adjustment of the C construction lines 3 The time rate curve has not been viewed on the screen If a change is made to the data in the test s parameters window or if the loading increment was acquired from an external data file this is an optional feature then the time rate curve for the loading increment must be viewed on the screen prior to printing To view the data and time rate curve for a loading increment click the left mouse button with the mouse cursor located on the appropriate increment in the loading increment list Q Why does the C value in the time rate curve status window show n a A An incorrect adjustment of the curve s C construction lines can result in a situation where the software cannot calculate a meaningful C value Additionally selecting the DO NOT PRINT time rate toolbar button disables reporting of a C value Manuals C Index gt Compression Curves Q My compression curve appears upside down What s going on A Two general types of dial gauges are availa
49. ers dialog discussed in Section 3 1 The column headings on the test readings grid indicate which option was chosen for the current test Elapsed Time indicates that the program expects times to be entered as the decimal number of minutes e g 1 min 30 seconds should be entered as 1 5 elapsed from the application of the current loading pressure Elapsed times may be entered with a precision of 01 minutes 24 Hr Clock indicates that times are to be entered as 24 hour clock readings rounded to the nearest second e g 1 00 PM should be entered as 13 00 00 After the initial clock reading for each loading increment the user must also enter the number of days elapsed since the application of the current loading pressure These times are entered as DD HH MM SS DD is the number of complete days elapsed since the application of the current loading pressure HH MM SS is the current clock time again in 24 hour format Note that the program will automatically enter the and symbols 01 13 23 12 should be typed as 01132312 Manuals C Index gt Note that the program does not recognize daylight savings time changes The user must manually add or subtract an hour from clock times taken after the time change ONLY during the loading increment being processed during the time change Clock times for subsequent loading increments may be entered as is Dial readings may be entered with a precision of up to 000
50. f each line The four buttons labeled PL PR SL and SR window s toolbar indicate which end of which line is currently being adjusted when the PL button is depressed the left endpoint of the primary construction line may be moved PR depressed means that the right end of the primary construction line will be moved etc A finer adjustment may be obtained by pressing the Shift key in conjunction with the up and down cursor keys Manuals C Index gt The intersections between the construction lines and the curve are shown in red as an aid to properly placing the tangents To determine D the program requires an additional construction consisting of two vertical lines labeled tO and 4t0 These lines represent a time ratio of 1 to 4 on the curve D is taken as the dial reading at time t minus the difference between the dial readings at 4t and t Adjust the location of the interval using the left and right cursor keys note that the program will not allow the interval to end at a time corresponding to less than 1 4 of the total deformation for the loading increment or at a time corresponding to greater than 1 2 of the total deformation Again a finer adjustment may be obtained by pressing the Shift key in conjunction with the left and right cursor keys The time interval construction will only appear if the selection box shown in the window s toolbar indicates that D is construction Manuals C Index
51. f the curve between the overburden and preconsolidation pressure Manuals C Index gt Saturation Cycles CONS includes the capability to accept data from saturation cycles and report the corresponding swell percentage and pressure defined and calculated as follows Swell percentage The difference between the percent swell consolidation before and after sample wetting Swell pressure Depending upon the setting of the Swell Pressure Calculated As option in the Compression Curves setup dialog panel the swell pressure is calculated as either the additional pressure needed to restore the sample to the percent consolidation attained prior to wetting or as simply the pressure needed to restore the sample to the percent consolidation attained prior to wetting Manuals C Index gt 5 4 Time Consolidation Calculations Time consolidation procedures are dependent upon which test method is selected log time or square root time The following sections detail the calculations involved with each method Manuals C Index gt 5 4 1 Log time Log time method time consolidation curves are presented using a least squares type curve fitting technique a bx cx dx ex The resulting curve equation is used to find D and D the dial readings at 0 and 100 percent primary consolidation as discussed in Chapter 3 100 D and T the dial reading and time at 50 percent primary consolidation
52. ght as with all weights used by the program this value should be recorded in grams Manuals C Index gt 1 3 2 Test Specific Data Specific Gravity Entry of a specific gravity for the sample is optional however the program is unable to calculate void ratios unless a specific gravity is supplied by the user Deflection Table Id This is an optional data field for users with mechanical loading frames who need to apply loading frame deflection corrections to dial readings The program will automatically look up the deflections for a given loading pressure Refer to Chapter 2 for more information about this option Consolidometer Number This is a number from 1 to 20 that corresponds to an entry in the program s consolidometer database The consolidometer number is required Refer to Chapter 2 for more information about the consolidometer data table Trimmed Height Corresponds to the height of the specimen at the beginning of the consolidation test This entry defaults to the consolidometer height as stored in the consolidometer table Manuals C Index gt Overburden Pressure This is an optional item that can be used by the program when calculating the C the recompression index Manuals C Index gt 1 3 3 Swell Consolidation Test Data CONS breaks up data entry for the actual swell consolidation test into loading increments consisting of a pressure and a minimum of two time dial reading pairs
53. he newer program to read this file The CONS data file you are attempting to edit was created by another version of the CONS program Usually this means that you have two copies of the software on your computer use the Help About This Program menu option then choose the System Info button to list the date the program was generated Compare the dates of the two copies and erase the older copy Manuals C Index gt When the program resets the tests C constructions time rate data and curves associated with the sample will not be included on hardcopy reports until each curve has been previewed on screen You can do this by repeatedly clicking the gt gt button in the test readings window until the end of the loading increments list has been reached 1001 The specific gravity associated with this test has been changed All Cv constructions will be reset You must review each time rate curve on screen This indicates that the specific gravity associated with the sample was changed by another data reduction module or through LOGDRAFT This change means that CONS must recalculate all testing information so the C and C P_ constructions will be reset Note that the time rate curves and data associated with the sample will not be included on hardcopy reports until each curve has been previewed on screen Manuals C Index gt When the program resets the tests C constructions time rate
54. ial reading axis for the time rate curve appear incorrect A There are three possible reasons why the dial reading axis for the points plotted on the time rate curves does not appear to match the actual entered data if the test utilized a deflection table a deflection is being subtracted from each reading before it is plotted Secondly the dial readings may have been entered using an incorrect dial divisor refer to the first question in the Data Entry section Thirdly the program is capable of plotting dial readings entered in inches onto a centimeter scale and vice versa Check the setting of the Dimensional Units Output box on the General Setup panel see Section 2 1 1 If this setting is correct refer to the question regarding incorrect dimension units listed in the Frequently Asked Questions chapter of the GDM manual Q Why does the program show the complete square root time curve for some loading increments even if the Show Full Secondary Consolidation setup option was set to No A On some curves the secondary consolidation interval begins so close to the end of the loading increment that chopping off the secondary consolidation interval would not gain much display space for the primary consolidation portion of the curve for these loading increments CONS displays the entire curve Manuals C Index gt Q Why doesn t my time rate curve print on hardcopy reports A There are three possible r
55. iffers from the Stress Units Output selection then CONS will convert the loading pressures entered into the units selected as Stress Units Output Q After I ve selected a new scale for my compression curve why doesn t the scale shown in the Compression Curve on screen window change A The Scale dialog discussed in Section 3 2 4 allows the user to change the scales used to display the compression curve However if the units selected for the Stress Units Input differ from the units selected for the Stress Units Output then the selected curve scales will only be applied when the curve is printed on a hardcopy report Q Under what circumstances does the program report C instead of C A lf water was added to the sample during the test CONS will report C which is the average slope of the rebound cycle s If water was not added C the average of either just the rebound cycle s or both the unload and reload cycles will be reported Manuals C Index gt Hardcopy Printouts Q Will the software generate reports on A 4 paper A Yes Make sure that you have selected A 4 paper for the currently defined default printer CONS will automatically reformat the report from letter size to A 4 size Q Can I include my company logo on CONS reports A Yes Users who have licensed the GEOSYSTEM LOGDRAFT program typically receive a digitized logo file with their LOGDRAFT package CONS can utilize this f
56. ile to include the logo on all consolidation reports Users who have not licensed LOGDRAFT may choose to have GEOSYSTEM Software digitize their logo for use with CONS there is a small fee for the work involved If your company logo is already in a machine readable format we may be able to use your copy Manuals C Index gt Q The report formats included with CONS do not suit my needs Can a custom report format be designed A GEOSYSTEM Software can custom design a CONS report format to fit the specific requirements of your organization Although there is a fee for this service it will typically be much smaller than we have charged in the past due to a change in the way we design the forms If you would like to receive a quote on the costs involved in duplicating your report mail or fax us a copy of your format Q On my HP LaserJet text that is rotated such as the Dial Reading label is not printed correctly What s wrong A Your Windows printer driver has a bug In some cases GEOSYSTEM Software can supply a replacement driver Manuals C Index gt 7 2 Error Messages Major error and warning messages provided by the program are presented with an error number these messages are listed and discussed below Note that the following list only discusses messages provided by the Swell Consolidation module 1000 The data file for this sample was created with a newer version of CONS You will need to use t
57. iles As an example the following table demonstrates the effect that selecting a new Stress Input Units would have Change Stress Units From Change Affects GDM Options CONS Setup Only newly created project files CONS Data Entry Screen Only tests stored in the current project Manuals C Index gt When creating a new project file that will be used to store data that utilize dimension or stress units that are different than normal make sure to change the units using the Options Setup General Options and Options Cons Setup menu items available from the GDM opening screen before creating the new project file The setup dialog is composed of a number of different setup panels which are viewed by clicking on one of the five buttons grouped under Setup Category Each panel is described in a following section Manuals C Index gt 2 1 1 General Setup Changing any of the following options while entering data for a consolidation test defines the corresponding option for every consolidation test entered into the current project Stress Units Input these are the units in which the loading pressures for the Swell Consolidation test were recorded If a project file was mistakenly created with the wrong stress units open a CONS test stored in the project then select Setup from the CONS data entry screen and change the Stress Units Input to the appropriate selection Stress
58. ime rate readings that may not lie on an idealized curve form For example if the sample quit consolidating temporarily due to friction between the sample and the ring a couple of data points on the time rate curve may not accurately follow the actual consolidation curve for the soil The fitted curve will minimize the effect of problems such as this However because the fitted curve is an artificial model for a physical process there are curves for which an accurate model cannot be generated Also the curve fitting process is much slower than the process of drawing point to point linear curves because the Linear method simply draws straight lines between adjacent time dial reading pairs the time rate window displays faster The drawback to the linear method Manuals C Index gt is that because it incorporates no data smoothing outlying data points will have a much larger effect over a given section of the curve The Zoom scrollbar allows the user to zoom in on the left hand portion of the curve as an aid in properly placing the C constructions Note that this does not affect any hardcopy views of the curve The selection box listing percentages allows the user to calculate a C value at a different percentage of primary consolidation than the default value of 90 z The printer button indicates whether or not the current time rate curve and calculated C value will be included on hardcopy printouts If the
59. increments Manuals C Index gt Swell Consolidation tests are composed of loading increments which consist of loading pressures along with at least two time dial reading pairs an initial time at 0 minutes and the dial reading prior to the application of the loading pressure and the elapsed time in decimal minutes or clock time at the end of the test along with the dial reading at the end of the test Intermediate time and dial readings may be entered for some or all loading increments if the user would like to obtain C values for these increments The term loading increment is used generically to indicate both loading and unloading increments Begin entering data for a loading increment by specifying the loading pressure in response to the Pressure prompt Make sure that the correct stress units are displayed next to the prompt if they aren t choose the Setup menu option then select the appropriate units from the General Setup panel Section 2 1 1 Manuals C Index gt Saturation cycles are entered by typing a w or s in response to the Pressure prompt then pressing ENTER This indicates to the program that the loading pressure has not changed but that the current increment consists of readings taken following the addition of water to the sample Manuals C Index gt Each test may be set up to accept either 24 hour clock times or elapsed times the choice is made from the Test Paramet
60. individually for each loading increment Manuals C Index gt Log Time Curve Construction adjustment Boscia Include on endpoint selection o Calculation printouts method button Curve type selection Do 01143 Dig 0 10975 Cy 0 0001 Loogftime curve adjust the Cy construction line using the up and down cursor keys adjust the t0 construction using the left and Log time Window C Index gt J S as ami j aS A The log time window displays a graph of dial reading vs log elapsed time The purpose of this window is to allow the user to adjust the construction lines used to determine D D and C for the current loading increment Note that the C value is presented in the units selected from the time rate curves panel of the setup dialog All other calculated values and scales are displayed in the units selected to represent entered data Manuals C Index gt Cy Construction Adjustment The log time method requires the placement of a line tangent to the steepest portion of the time rate curve called the primary construction line and a second line tangent to the final readings which represent a straight line trend called the secondary construction line The intersection of these two lines represents D These two lines may be moved one end at a time by using the up and down cursor keys Use the End key to alternate between moving the left and right ends o
61. k time to elapsed time Are you sure that you want to do this 1019 WARNING changing from elapsed time to clock time all test readings will be DELETED ARE YOU SURE THAT YOU WANT TO PROCEED Once CONS test readings have been entered for a given sample making a change to the Time Values selection discussed in Section 3 1 2 will cause the program to erase all existing test readings Be absolutely sure that you actually want to make the change there is no way to recover any data lost through making the wrong selection 1022 Changing the input stress units affects only projects created in the future This message is for informational purposes only it does not indicate an error The message indicates that the input stress units were changed from GDM s Options Cons Setup menu and that the current project if one is being edited will not be affected by the change Manuals C Index gt To change the input stress units for an existing project use GDM to open the project file refer to Section 3 12 in the GDM manual then open a sample window GDM manual Sections 3 8 and 3 9 and open the CONS program by clicking on the Swell Consolidation entry in the Test Modules window Next select Setup and choose the correct stress units This selection will affect every test entered into the current project file Manuals C Index gt 8 Converting DOS CONS Data Files The Swell Consolidati
62. ment CONS will automatically select a loading pressure of 0 5 for the new increment press Enter to accept this value then enter the following data 16 1435 2253 Manuals C Index gt Time Rate Window Section 3 2 3 9 The compression and time rate curves will be updated as you enter data When you have finished entering data for the 0 5 tsf increment check the time rate curve Try adjusting the C curve constructions move the mouse cursor to the time rate curve display window this is the top right hand window then click the left mouse button once This sets the input focus to the time rate curve window Use the t cursor keys to move the construction lines 10 Continue entering test data by clicking the gt gt button on the data entry window A value of 1 tsf will be displayed in the pressure field Press enter to move the cursor down to line No 2 then type f This indicates to the program that the information you are about to provide will be the final reading for that increment Next enter the readings below pressing Enter twice after each reading is entered to move to the next load Note that the numbers listed in the PRESSURE column below correspond to individual pressures not the No column on the data entry screen PRESSURE _ FINAL DIAL 1 1868 1868 2 1544 4 1205 8 0841 16 0532 Manuals C Index gt 11 Continue by entering decr
63. n Section 3 2 Manuals C Index gt Select Tests to Print Chart Selection gt Existing Sources and Swell Consolidation Tests no source specified L51 Deselect All Print Selection Dialog CONS supports two different types of reports one showing the compression curve along with an optional table or chart of C values and the second type showing time rate curves The user may print either or both types of reports the buttons at the top of the Print Selection dialog shown above control which reports are to be printed Click on Compression Curve to print the compression curve report Time Rate Curves to print reports showing time rate curves or Both to print both types of reports Manuals C Index gt The Existing Sources and Swell Consolidation Tests lists the sources and CONS tests entered into the current project file Sample sources are listed next to folder icons click ona source name to list the swell consolidation tests associated with the source Tests are listed next to CONS icons click on a test to select that test for printing Once a test has been selected for printing the CONS icon listed next to that test is changed into a printer icon clicking on a test shown next to a printer icon changes the test s status back to not selected for printing Note that if Print Test Reports was selected from the CONS data entry screen the test currentl
64. ng project files lf the C graph point option is changed from final dial to D or vice versa for a given project it is recommended that the user edit each of the CONS tests entered into the project and re adjust the C P constructions Manuals C Index gt 1012 A water added cycle already exists CONS supports a single inundation cycle the message means that an attempt was made to enter a duplicate loading pressure indicating an inundation cycle This message usually implies a data entry error where the user may have inadvertently entered the same loading increment twice 1013 The void ratio plot is not available due to an invalid initial void ratio Probably a specific gravity was not selected for the sample The program cannot calculate void ratios without a valid specific gravity Check the Test Parameters dialog Section 3 1 to make sure a specific gravity has been entered Note that CONS does not require a specific gravity for the sample unless the user desires void ratio values Manuals C Index gt 1014 Note changes made to a deflection table will not affect an existing consolidation tests utilizes that table UNTIL the test is revised If a change is made to a deflection table the testing information calculated for any swell consolidation tests already entered that utilize that table will be invalid Because the program does not automatically revise the calculations for these
65. on module includes a tool to convert data from the MS DOS GEOSYSTEM CONS program into a format readable by the Windows module To convert a MS DOS CONS data file into a Windows file first open the GEOSYSTEM for Windows project file into which the test file is to be placed then follow the steps for entering a new sample or revising an existing sample that are detailed in Sections 3 8 and 3 9 in the GDM manual this is the sample that will be associated with the MS DOS CONS test file Once a sample data window for the correct sample is displayed select Tools DOSCONS File Conversion Note that for licensed copies installation of the file conversion tool is an option if DOSCONS File Conversion doesn t show up under the GDM Tools menu you must re install the CONS module during the installation make sure to select Yes when asked about installing the conversion program After the menu selection the file conversion utility will request the complete path to the MS DOS CONS program Make sure to enter a complete path including the disk drive name e g C GEOSYS CONS Manuals C Index gt If after selecting the DOSCONS File Conversion menu item a warning is displayed noting that a Swell Consolidation data file already exists for the current sample the program has found a Windows Swell Consolidation test data file that has already been created for the sample Proceeding with the file conversion process will overwrit
66. ons for mechanical loading frames This information is entered once during the initial setup discussed in Chapter 2 so the required values may be retrieved from the tables using a machine or consolidometer number reference for each test the program will ask for the consolidometer and optionally the machine ID and retrieve the correct information from the tables CONS also requires Untrimmed Sample data for initial moisture density void ratio and saturation calculations on the whole sample and Trimmed or Test Specific Sample information such as the height of the sample at the start of the consolidation test Optionally the program will also utilize the Final Sample Weight A brief discussion of the required and optional sample and test data follows Manuals C Index gt 1 3 1 Untrimmed Sample Data Untrimmed sample data is required for initial moisture void ratio and saturation calculations The untrimmed sample data may be from either the actual trimmed test specimen or a larger sample representative of the test specimen Initial Moisture Weights These are the weights for a representative sample moisture content determination Sample Height and Diameter This is the initial height and diameter of the sample as used to calculate the soil s unit weight these values may be either the trimmed sample as used in the actual consolidation test or a larger representative sample Weight of Sample This is the moist wei
67. ption allows you to remove a line of time dial reading data To do this make sure that the data entry cursor is within the time dial reading pair that is to be deleted and select Delete a Readings Line Insert a New Loading Increment this option allows the insertion of a new loading increment BEFORE the current loading increment To do this make sure that the appropriate increment is currently displayed i e the increment that will appear immediately AFTER the new increment then select Insert a New Loading Increment Delete Current Loading Increment this option deletes the currently displayed loading increment Compression menu selections anywhere within the compression curve window Strain Void Ratio Deformation selecting one of these menu items changes the compression curve window to display strain void ratio or deformation versus log pressure Note that this selection also determines which type of compression curve is included on hardcopy reports Manuals C Index gt 1 Adjust Cc Tangent Left End 2 Adjust Cc Tangent Right End selects which end of the compression curve tangent line used for calculating Cc is currently being adjusted The current end is listed next to a check mark For further information refer to Section 3 2 4 Add Shaping Point Delete Shaping Point Return to Original Curve shapes the compression curve Refer to Section 3 2 4 for further details Setup displays th
68. r density units the C alpha calculation method the Cc Pp reporting option or the Cv graphing tabulation option affects only newly created projects Select the SETUP dialog from the CONS data entry screen to change an existing project s options 1010 Note changing the output stress pressure or density units the secondary compression calculation method the C P reporting option the C graph points final dial or d100 or the C graphing tabulation option will affect only the current project Select the Cons SETUP dialog from the GDM screen to affect all new projects Manuals C Index gt If the user has selected Setup CONS Setup from the GDM menu as opposed to selecting Setup from the CONS test data entry screen changes to any of the items listed in the message above will only affect projects created in the future To change one of these settings for the swell consolidation tests entered into an existing project start a new CONS test for the project or edit a CONS test already entered into the project Section 3 3 then select Setup from the CONS test data entry screen Conversely if the user has changed one of the listed settings while editing a CONS test the changed setting will only be applied to the tests entered into the current project This procedure is designed to allow the user to create projects that utilize different test methods or measurement units without affecting any existi
69. r of minutes elapsed since the start of the current loading increment e g 1 5 min or the current clock time in 24 hour format e g 01 23 24 This selection must be made before data for any loading increments have been entered changing the selection after time rate readings have already been entered will cause existing readings to be erased If time rate data D and C values are not desired and the user intends to 100 enter just initial and final time dial readings for each loading increment the Elapsed Time option should be selected Manuals C Index gt 3 1 3 Initial Untrimmed Sample Data Enter all weights in grams Wet Weight Tare Dry Weight Tare and Tare Weight These values are used to determine an initial natural moisture percentage for the sample Note that the weights are not the weights of the sample to be used in the consolidation test rather they are from additional material sampled from the same location as the consolidation test sample If more than one moisture content test was performed select the data from the test most representative of the consolidation sample Untrimmed Sample Height Weight and Diameter These values may actually be either from the untrimmed sample or from the trimmed sample as long as all three are from the same source trimmed or untrimmed The weight height and diameter values are used to calculate the initial natural density Specific Gravity This p
70. rameters screen Liquid Limit 32 Plasticity Index 14 USCS CL AASHTO Figure No 2B Testing Remarks Tested by ALV 5 Proceed to the box titled Test Specific Data Enter the following data Consolidometer No 20 Sample Height at Test Start in 1 00 You may leave Deflection Table at none and Overburden Pressure blank Also leave Time Values Entered As at elapsed time 6 Enter the following data into the Initial Untrimmed Sample Data box Initial Untrimmed Sample Data Post Test Sample Data Wet Weight Tare 41 54 Height 0 80 Wet Weight Tare Dry Weight Tare 33 28 Diameter 2 50 Dry Weight Tare Tare Weight 17 63 Weight 109 20 Tare Weight Specific Gravity 2 70 Leave the Post Test Sample Data box blank Manuals C Index gt 7 Select Close to continue The Test Readings Data Entry Screen will now appear Choose 1000 as the dial divisor then enter 0 25 as the pressure Next enter the following data Test Readings Screen Section 3 2 _ Elapsed Dial __ 4 o0 2700 2 10 2697 3 25 2695 4 5 2690 5 1 2688 2 2682 7 4 2672 8 8 2668 9 15 2666 10 30 2664 11 60 2660 12 120 2652 13 240 14 480 2642 15 1407 2638 Manuals C Index gt 8 Once the data above have been entered press Enter twice or click on the gt gt button to move to the next load incre
71. re used for entering the loading pressures If an incorrect setting was chosen when the test was initially entered the user may change the setting at a later time without re entering the data The message is intended to inform the user that the program will not make any changes to the loading pressures that have already been entered Note that if the units ARE changed the program will reset the C and C P constructions which must be reviewed on screen following the directions given in the hint above Manuals C Index gt 1007 Note selecting a new report form may change the fields listed in the General Sample Information section of the Test Parameters window You should check this window for new prompts prior to printing any reports Different report forms print different data items for example the compression report form A may list the date the sample was taken while compression report form B may omit the sample date If the user changes from form B to form A through the Compression Report Setup panel a new field will be added to the General Sample Information panel so that a sample date may be entered When the Compression report form or Time Rate report form is changed the user should select the Window Test Parameters menu option and check the General Sample Information panel for any new fields Manuals C Index gt 1008 Changing the output stress pressure o
72. reduction modules for example the sample s USCS classification may be determined by the Classifications module Leave these items blank as they will be completed by the appropriate module Other items such as the testing remarks will need to be entered manually For further instructions on entering this information refer to Section 3 6 of the GDM manual Manuals C Index gt 3 1 2 Test Specific Data Deflection Tables Section 2 2 Deflection Table Because the loading frame can deform when subjected to increasing stresses the ASTM Consolidation test specification requires that a table of loading frame deflections be generated for the various loading stresses to be utilized in the consolidation test The deflections are taken using a non deformable disk in place of the sample along with filter papers if they will be used in the actual test Deflection tables remain entered into the program indefinitely so if a table appropriate to the current loading frame and loading sequence has already been entered it need not be entered again instead select the table from the list shown next to the Deflection Table prompt To enter a new table click on the Edit button next to the Deflection Table prompt then enter the new deflection table After the new table has been entered make sure to select it from the Deflection Table prompt If a deflection table was not taken select none from the list shown next to the
73. rovides a short description of each variable Note that all data are stored in the output dimension stress and density units that were in effect the last time the test file was edited by CONS ltem Name Description SPECGR This is the specific gravity as entered by the user into the Test Parameters dialog EO Initial void ratio blank if a specific gravity is not specified INIT_SAT Initial saturation CSNMI Natural moisture CS_DENS Natural density OVER Overburden pressure Manuals C Index gt ltem Name Description OverConsolidation Ratio this is the ratio of the overburden pressure to the preconsolidation pressure This value is blank if the user does not enter an overburden pressure DIDCONS Y for every sample for which a swell or consolidation test was entered Use the GDM Data List Export tool to provide a count of the number of swell consolidation tests performed on a project DIDSWELL Y for samples where a consolidation test was performed AND the sample was wetted PP Preconsolidation pressure cc Compression index Swell index only stored for wetted samples RECOTYPE for un wetted samples C for wetted samples SWELL_PRESS Restoration pressure for a wetted sample calculated using the method specified from the program s Setup dialog Percent swell calculated using the method specified from the program s Setup dialog Contains a list
74. s on the test readings screen can be maximized to the full size of the screen by clicking on the or Glin Windows95 button shown in the top right hand corner of the window Reduce the window to its original size by clicking on the lower or iain Windows95 button Manuals C Index gt 3 2 1 Menu Selections Print menu selections Test Reports begins the process of printing or previewing test reports by displaying the print selection dialog Refer to Section 4 2 for details on this option Test Summary begins the process of printing test summaries Refer to Section 4 1 for details on this option Window menu selections lists the four available windows on the test readings data entry screen Selecting a window from the list will shift the focus to that window The window that currently has the focus is listed next to a check mark Edit menu selections The edit menu allows you to make additions or deletions to be made to the data entered into the test readings window Note that this menu may also be displayed by clicking the right mouse button anywhere within the test readings data entry window Insert a Readings Line this menu option allows the insertion time dial reading data into an existing loading increment To do this position the cursor at the beginning of the line that will appear AFTER the line to be inserted and select Insert a Readings Line Manuals C Index gt Delete a Readings Line this o
75. secondary compression equation as either the slope of the secondary compression line divided by the sample height or as divided by the height of solids The program supports both methods in addition if the user does not require secondary compression values selecting do not calculate secondary compression eliminates the secondary compression value from the program s hardcopy reports Changing the Cy units or Secondary Compression Calculation Method while entering data for a consolidation test defines the corresponding option for every consolidation test entered into the current project Manuals C Index gt Default Time Consolidation Graph is Dial Reading vs When a new loading increment is entered the program displays either a square root time or log time time rate graph the setting of this option determines which graph is chosen Note that once a loading increment has been entered the user may override the default graph selection Manuals C Index gt 2 1 4 Compression Reports Consolidation Setup Compression Curve Report Compression Curve Report Includes compression curve only B Show Construction Lines Engineering Units Report form Standard Form Includes Pc amp overburden CSCONS1 Report Title CONSOLIDATION TEST REPORT Ce Leme iee _ Compression Reports Setup Panel Manuals C Index gt Compression Curve Report Shows Underneath the standard con
76. solidation graph on hardcopy reports the user may opt to add either a table or a graph of Cv values Note that neither the Cv table nor the Cv graph will be plotted unless time rate data have been entered for several loading increments meaning 4 or more time dial reading pairs per increment Show Construction Lines Optionally CONS may be configured to show the C P Compression index preconsolidation pressure construction lines on hardcopy compression curve reports Engineering Units The user may opt to have the program display the change void ratio deformation consolidation graph axis in divisions that are directly readable using one of the ranges on an engineering scale Note that the program determines whether the 10 20 30 40 50 or 60 scale is chosen Report Form The program features a number of unique formats for presenting the consolidation curve in hardcopy form Examples of each of the report formats listed in the Report Form box may be found in Appendix A Manuals C Index gt Report Title Each hardcopy consolidation report form includes a common title that may be modified by the user Manuals C Index gt 2 1 5 Time Rate Reports Consolidation Setup Show Full Secondary Consolidation 2 Show Construction Lines Report form Time rate form shows four curves per page CSTIME4 Report Title Dial Reading ys Time Time Rate Reports Setup Panel Manuals C Index gt
77. tests the user is responsible for revising each test file see Section 3 3 Doing this causes the program to recalculate any data that may have changed when the deflection table was changed 1015 The selected ID is not unique this ID is used by another deflection table Enter a different ID The ID used to identify the deflection table must be unique Select an ID that does not match one of the table ID s shown in the Deflection Tables panel Manuals C Index gt 1016 You must enter an ID for the table CONS identifies deflection tables by ID s which are unique names consisting of any combination of letters or numbers Prior to entering deflection information for a new table you must enter a unique ID for the table 1017 Note changes made to a consolidometer entry will not affect an existing consolidation tests utilizes that consolidometer UNTIL the test is revised If a change is made to a consolidometer entry the testing information calculated for any swell consolidation tests already entered that utilize that consolidometer will be invalid Because the program does not automatically revise the calculations for these tests the user is responsible for revising each test file see Section 3 3 Doing this causes the program to recalculate any data that may have changed when the consolidometer entry was Changed Manuals C Index gt 1018 WARNING you have chosen to switch this test from cloc
78. wet density W specimen weight V volume and Viz n Dt Ht 4 0 where Manuals C Index gt V Volume D diameter H total height t Dry density yui e MGi 100 ca Fz where Y total sample dry density D the diameter of the consolidometer Cc H the height of the sample in the consolidometer Manuals C Index gt 5 1 3 Void Ratio and Saturation Determination The initial void ratio and saturation are calculated from the actual test specimen size and weight as follows Initial void ratio Ht Hs Hs o where initial void ratio D H specimen test height H height of solids S and Wa Gs A Hs where Manuals C Index gt W the weight of mineral solids in the test specimen calculated from either the pre test or post test sample G specific gravity of solids A the area of the tested specimen extracted from the chosen consolidometer table entry Initial Saturation g MCT Wo 469 Ht Hs At where S the initial percent saturation H total sample height t A the area of the tested sample t Manuals C Index gt 5 1 4 Post Test Specimen Calculations A post test moisture content test is not mandatory however if performed and the entire test specimen is used for the moisture content sample the user may opt to use the resulting final dry weight
79. y adding or deleting shaping points These additional points are treated the same as actual test points by the program s calculation routines Insert shaping points where there is not enough natural data to provide the shape required of the curve The following sections discuss the available curve shaping options Note that the shaping menu discussed in the following sections may be accessed by clicking the right mouse button anywhere within the curve display screen Manuals C Index gt To add a point Compression Return to Original Curve menu option The shape of the compression curve may be modified by forcing it to pass through a new point To do this select the Compression Add Shaping Point menu item The program will respond by highlighting a section of the curve prior to adding the actual shaping point the user must select the curve section to which the point will be added the program breaks the curve up into compression rebound and recompression sections Move the mouse until the desired curve segment changes from white to red then click the left mouse button to select the segment Next position the mouse pointer at the desired location for the new shaping point and click the left mouse button again The new shaping point will be marked with a and the curve will be immediately modified to accommodate the new point Manuals C Index gt To delete a shaping point To remove a shaping point
80. y being edited will automatically be selected for printing Clicking on the Select All button marks all tests in the currently open source for printing likewise the Deselect All button unselects all tests in the currently open source Begin the actual report printing process by clicking on the Print button which prints the reports on the currently selected printer or by clicking on the Preview button which displays the reports on screen Examples of the report formats supported by the program are presented in Appendix A Manuals C Index gt 5 Technical Specifications The following chapter details the calculations employed by CONS to produce the results listed on the program s output Units are omitted from the following sections for simplification Manuals C Index gt 5 1 Calculation of Specimen Parameters Moisture density initial void ratio and saturation values are calculated from the measurements on the sample There are some variations among laboratories in the procedures followed when recording these measurements Briefly the different procedures handled by the program and what effect they have on calculations are as follows 1 The dimensions and weight of a larger sample not the actual test specimen are recorded The height of the actual test specimen is also recorded and entered in the program In this case the weight of the test specimen is found by multiplying the weight of the l
81. y table Tabulate Time Rate Readings If this option is selected the program will print a table of elapsed time and dial reading for each loading increment where intermediate elapsed time dial reading data were taken Include Time Rate Charts Selecting this option causes a miniature chart of dial reading vs time to be included alongside the elapsed time dial reading table for each loading increment Note that this option may only be selected after the Tabulate Time Rate Readings option has been selected Manuals C Index gt 4 2 Printing Test Reports CONS supports a number of different formats for printing compression and time rate curves as hardcopy reports the user may choose between these formats from the program s Setup dialog discussed in Chapter 2 Once the appropriate report format has been chosen swell consolidation test reports may be printed through one of the following methods e From the GDM main project screen discussed in Section 3 7 of the GDM manual select File Print Cons Reports e Display the sample window for the desired sample as discussed in Sections 3 8 and 3 9 of the GDM manual then right click on the Swell Consolidation entry in the Test Modules panel and select Print Test Reports This method and the following one automatically select for printing the report that includes the currently selected sample e Select Print Test Reports from the CONS opening screen as discussed i

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