ARMY NATIONAL GUARD
Contents
1. e Identification of the individual conducting the survey and the date the survey was accomplished e A statement of facility compliance non compliance with required directives If operations are found to be in non compliance state what action 1S required to insure the Facrility 1s brought anto compliance What RADIAC meter do I use to perform a radiation survey Only properly calibrated ion chamber type RADIAC meters shall be used to perform surveys of the LORAD portable X ray system Geiger Mueller GM type RADIAC meters such as the AN PDR 77 and the AN VDR 2 SHALL NOT be used since they can indicate a severe over or under response The NRC Corp SM 400A RADIAC meter fielded with the LORAD LPX 160 shall be your primary choice At least two operable radiation survey meters must be available during operation of the unit Instruments shall be turned on and ready for immediate use All instruments shall be checked with a radiation check source prior to the first Monitoring Operation OL the day _22 NDTE Handbook February 2008 Care should be taken to ensure that the mylar window 1s not damaged and the meter is not subject to harsh conditions It is acceptable to place the meter ina clear plastic bag if being used ina rainy or humid environment Remember that it may take several seconds for the meter to indicate the maximum exposure rate due to the response time of the electronic components Refer to the instrument2. activity are made aware of the entry Y N NA c Entryways that are locked except during periods when access to the area is required with positive control over each individual entry Y N NA d Continuous direct or electronic surveillance that is capable of preventing unauthorized entry 29 Implement the minimum mandatory requirements when performing radiographic inspection operations in unshielded areas such as 45 NDTE Handbook February 2008 Y N NA Y N NA Y N NA Y N NA Y N NA Y N NA Y N NA Y N NA Y N NA Y N NA 30 Y N NA 31 TM 1 1500 335 23 Section VIII para 6 8 8 3 a Assure that at least two serviceable properly calibrated radiation survey meters are in use during all unshielded radiography operations b A minimum of one pocket dosimeter and or one personal alarming dosimeter and one TLD badge for each radiographer involved in the radiography operations c An interlock assembly designed to prevent irradiation unless a properly functioning warning light is connected in the circuit d Sufficient amount of rope cones or other personnel barriers e Sufficient quantity of Radiation Warning Signs f At least 75 feet of power cable and coolant hose or as recommended by the manufacturer g A radiation warning sign with a rotating flashing strobe type light properly emplaced and operational prior to X ray production h A X RAY ON label affixed to the warning beacon i For
3. Provide advice and assistance to the Commander on all matters pertaining to the Local RSP 2 Conduct required radiation safety instruction as outlined in paragraph 5 b 3 Establish and maintain the personnel dosimetry program to include a medical surveillance program as determined by the State Surgeon and assure proper use and storage of personnel monitoring devices Assure that all radiation exposures are as low as is reasonably achievable ALARA The RSO will review all substantial changes in operational procedures pursuant to his implementation of an effective ALARA program 4 Evaluate and document radiation hazards and corrective actions Radiation surveys to verify known radiation levels will be performed at least annually in conjunction with self audits as an integral part of radiation evaluations An internal QA audit self assessment will be conducted by the RSO at least annually 5 Investigate radiological accidents incidents and recommend corrective actions to prevent recurrence c The Radiography Supervisor RADSUP shall 1 Control and assure proper maintenance of all industrial radiographic equipment to include ensuring that all safety devices are functional and are properly utilized and that only qualified competent radiographers perform radiography operations 2 Develop and maintain current radiography operating procedures and emergency procedures and otherwise assist the RSO on technical and safety issues pe
4. elbow arms below the elbow foot knee and leg below the knee The external exposure to the lens of the eye and is taken as the dose equivalent at a tissue depth of 0 3 cm 300 mg cm An area to which access is controlled for the purpose of radiation safety This includes all of the area within the taped off area Any area accessible to personnel in which there exist radiation levels such that an individual could receive a dose equivalent in excess of 5 mRem in one hour at 30 centimeters from the radiation source or any surface that the radiation penetrates Any area accessible to personnel in which there exist radiation levels such that an individual could receive a dose equivalent in excess of 100 mRem in one hour at 30 centimeters from the radiation source or any surface that the radiation penetrates Any area accessible to personnel in which there exist radiation levels such that an individual could receive an absorbed dose in excess of 500 RADS in one hour at 1 meter from the radiation source or any surface that the radiation penetrates For the purpose of radiation exposure means the head trunk including male gonads arms above the elbow or legs above the knee _42 NDTE Handbook February 2008 APPENDIX C Sample Radiation Safety Program Checklist I LORAD LPX 160 Industrial X ray System RSP Administration Nondestructive test equipment 1 e the LORAD Model LPX 160 is an air or water cooled x ray unit with an op
5. Refer any occupationally exposed individual who sustains an actual overexposure to the supporting occupational health physician The occupational health physician in consultation with the LRSO will determine the appropriate medical examinations if any and plan appropriate medical care LORAD LPX1G0 Tube Head _28 NDTE Handbook February 2008 Chanter s Achniniswagive SMOLAGE How do I place my equipment in administrative storage As mission dictates flight facilities may opt to place their equipment in cold storage This is advantageous to turning the system in By placing your system into administrative storage you can keep the System Onsite discontinue your tadiation satety program for the LORAD and avoid having to reestablish your RSP from scratch if when the equipment is once again needed Here then are the steps to take to place your LORAD LPX 160 X ray system into administrative storage e At the next Radiation Safety Committee RSC meeting discuss and document in the minutes that the device will be placed into administrative storage Be sure to inform the facility commander that if the system is to be brought back online that all RSP requirements must be verified by the State RSO prior to set up and Use e Contact the U S Army Dosimetry Center at Redstone Arsenal AL to suspend the dosimetry program e Store the LORAD LPX 160 in a secure indoor location We recommena the keys that operate the LOR
6. area this includes usage inside buildings such as a hangar bay e The X ray tube head and all objects being examined shall be within a conspicuously posted perimeter that limits the area in which the exposure can exceed 100 mR in any one hour This area will be conspicuously posted with DANGER HIGH RADIATION AREA or CAUTION HIGH RADIATION AREA signs No person shall have access to the HIGH RADIATION AREA within this perimeter during X ray ON time NOTE High Radiation Area boundaries shall be calculated only Verification surveys shall not be performed unless such surveys can be accomplished without unnecessary exposure to Personne e A second perimeter delineating a Radiation Area shall be established and posted with sufficient CAUTION RADIATTON AREA placards s0 as tO be Consplcuous From any direction of approach Radiation dose rates shall be verified by radiation surveys Such radiation surveys shall be documented in operating logs and shall include a minimum of two readings for each side of the radiation DHOUnGary NOTE A Radiation Area is defined as any ar a accessible to individuals in which ionizing radiation dose rate levels could result in an individual receiving a dose equivalent in excess of 5 mRem 50 uSv in one hour at 30 centimeters one foot from the radiation source or from any source that the radiation penetrates e Compliance with radiation exposure limits applicable to the general pu
7. dosimetry data during periods of absence of the Radiographer Supervisor NOTE This log is the only source of radiation exposure information until TLDs are processed TM 1 1500 335 23 Section VIII para 6 8 5 4 5 Y N NA 25 Instruct the RSO to report quarterly the collective exposure the highest exposure and the average exposure to the RSC TM 1 1500 335 23 Section VIII para 6 8 2 2 3d Y N NA 26 Does the Commander perform or cause to be performed an annual quality assurance audit self assessment of the Radiation Safety Program TM 1 1500 335 23 Section VIII para 6 8 5 7 6 Y N NA 27 Does the RSP assure that radiography operations are not conducted on non Army property without verification that such operation is properly licensed by and in full compliance with applicable state and local regulations and laws TM 1 1500 335 23 Section VIII para 6 8 2 2 11 28 Access to all high radiation areas generated by radiographic operations shall be controlled by TM 1 1500 335 23 Section VIII para 6 8 7 7 Y N NA a Control devices that upon entry into the area causes the level of radiation to be reduced below that level at which an individual might receive a deep dose equivalent of 100 rem 1 mSv in 1 hour at 30 centimeters from the source or the surface the radiation penetrates Y N NA b Control devices that energizes a conspicuous visible or audible alarm so that the individual entering the area and the supervisor of the
8. in addition to the TLD electronic personal dosimeters EPD specifically designed for x ray monitoring The EPD alarms to provide an immediate indication of radiation exposure exceeding the preset level and provides interim radiation dose information pending the TLD evaluation 1 Radiation dose information from the EPD will be maintained in a logbook maintained by the RSO or RADSUP as documentation of personnel exposure for the current TLD wearing period 2 These results will be used by the RSO and RADSUP to track radiation exposures 3 In addition to re settable readouts EPDs have a second accumulation function that provides a readout of all radiation exposure received since their last calibration To maximize use of the accumulated dose feature the same EPDs will ey NDTE Handbook February 2008 be worn by each RW e The RSO will prepare individual record folders for each RW This folder will contain the DD Form 1952 and the Automated Dosimetry Reports ADR received from ADC The ADR will be reviewed for accuracy when received and the RSO will date and initial the ADR to indicate this review f The RSO will cause each RW s medical file to be flagged to indicate that radiation exposure records are maintained in a separate location These radiation exposure records will be available for persons performing an audit of the RSP 8 RTU SAFETY PROCEDURES a GENERAL 1 The RTU will usually be operated in the unshielded
9. night radiographic operations sufficient lighting equipment to illuminate the area Mandate recording of records of radiation surveys to document that radiation safety surveys are actually being performed prior to each radiography operation TM 1 1500 335 23 Section VIII para 6 8 5 7 5 1 1 Assure that x ray equipment is adequately secured when not in use to preclude unauthorized use TM 1 1500 335 23 Section VIII para 6 8 8 3 4k II Personnel Dosimetry Program DOSIMETRY RECORDS CUSTODIAN Y N NA I Y N NA 2 Is the Dosimetry Custodian designated in writing by the commander SRSO DA Pam 40 18 4 1 Is there a dosimetry program for minors and declared pregnant women workers who may receive in one year greater than 100 mrem TEDE 10 CFR 20 1502 _ 46 NDTE Handbook February 2008 2 10 11 12 13 14 Does the dosimetry program incorporate special provisions to assure compliance with requirements 1 e statements of pregnancy and frequency of TLD change applicable to pregnant females and minors TM 1 1500 335 23 Section VIII para 6 8 5 2 1 3 Are Automated Dosimetry Records and DD Form 1952 prepared and maintained in separate files for each person occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation DA Pam 40 18 4 2 Are all previous current occupational exposure data obtained from outside employment previous organization or administrative doses and forwarded to the Central Dosimet
10. open class installation This means that due to lack of shielding all operations must be followed to ensure safety of workers and of the general public 2 The RTU may be used in another country area e g deployment provided that all procedures in this SOP and other applicable regulations are followed Prior to use the JAG Civil Affairs and the installation RSO shall be consulted as applicable to verify state country legality and the SRSO is notified of the transportation of the RTU 3 The RTU shall never be used as a weapon or to intimidate or interrogate enemy soldiers Its use will be strictly limited to legitimate radiographic nondestructive inspection requirements or for surveys to verify safe operating conditions 4 The RTU should be used after duty hours when ever possible to minimize exposure to other personnel and impact on other unit operations Use during normal duty hours is not precluded 5 Radiographic operations will be conducted with a minimum of two qualified personnel in attendance at all times 6 Radiographic operations will not be initiated until all safety requirements are fully implemented required radiation warning signs are in place and radiation safety monitors properly placed to assure that personnel cannot enter the radiation restricted area b REQUIRED EQUIPMENT 1 Two serviceable and calibrated RADIAC meters authorized for use in monitoring x ray radiographic operations Although these RADIAC
11. survey meter to verify that the power has been shut off and that a safe configuration exists 6 The comprehensive informal radiation survey will be valid until an operating condition change or until the radiation restricted area boundary is not secured by safety monitors d RADIOGRAPHIC OPERATIONS 1 If the comprehensive informal radiation protection survey indicates that safe operating conditions exist the radiographer will put the x ray film in place and prepare the target for the actual radiographic procedure 2 If the operating conditions voltage current beam orientation etc are changed a new informal radiation survey must be completed 3 The RSO or his designated representative for each radiographic operation will complete a daily utilization log This form will be maintained on file for three years 4 Upon conclusion of radiographic operations all x ray equipment will be secured to prevent unauthorized access and the required to initiate x ray will be returned to the key control custodian for proper control 9 ADMINISTRATIVE STORAGE Should mission requirements warrant it the LORAD LPX 160 RTU can be placed in administrative storage Placing the X ray system into administrative storage allows you to maintain the system onsite while temporarily discontinuing the local radiation safety program for the LORAD until the system is needed again To place the RTU into administrative storage a At the next Radiation Safety Co
12. survey meters 525 NDTE Handbook February 2008 can accurately measure other gamma and x ray fields their use should be limited to the radiographic energy for which they are calibrated 2 Personnel dosimetric devices are required for each RW These will include one Pocket Dosimeter and or Electronic Personal Dosimeter and an assigned TLD 3 Interlock and radiation warning strobe light as described in TM 1 1500 335 23 Chapter 5 4 One five hundred foot roll of yellow and magenta barrier tape or rope containing the words Caution Radiation Area with sufficient number of stands 5 Twenty each Caution Radiation Area Danger High Radiation Area and Danger Very High Radiation Area signs as applicable 6 Sufficient lighting equipment for night operations if applicable 7 Seventy five feet of power cable and cooling hose or as recommended by the manufacturer 8 Other safety related equipment provided by the manufacturer c RADIATION PROTECTION SURVEYS and REPORTS 1 A radiation protection survey of all new protective and enclosed x ray installations shall be made by a qualified expert 2 The RSO will conduct a thorough radiation protection survey and prepare a radiation protection survey report in accordance with TM 1 1500 335 23 for the following situations a Prior to beginning radiographic operations in order to establish safe operating conditions b Anytime the useful beam directi
13. the RTU key verify with a survey meter that the x ray has ceased operation and read each individual s EPD In the event that any individual was not in possession of an EPD and TLD action will be taken immediately to assess the dose received by the individual If any individual s EPD indicates an overexposure the RADOP will immediately 1 Notify the RSO director of Safety Aviation Maintenance Office AMO Facility Command and the ARNG Radiation Staff Safety Officer RSSO in the following order RSO Director of Safety AMO Installation Commander RSSO 2 Turn in the TLD and EPD through the RSO for immediate transmittal to ADC for evaluation using the most expeditious means available TLDs that are suspected of having received a potential overexposure must be annotated as such in writing when they are sent to ADC for processing In addition ADC should be contacted telephonically to assure their immediate processing 3 Record all events surrounding the potential overexposure to include operating parameters voltage current time and name rank organization of all individuals involved in the radiographic operation Documentation will include a Completion of the daily utilization log including a sketch of the RTU configuration and position of all personnel b A signed statement from the potentially exposed individual detailing actions resulting in or contributing to the exposure c All radiation accidents and i
14. AD LPX 460 controllUnity e If the perimeter is arranged that the operator cannot readily determine whether the radiation area is unoccupied a sufficient number of radiographers and or radiation safety monitors shall be strategically located to provide adequate visual surveillance over the entire area These personnel shall have available an adequate supply of calibrated operable survey meters This requirement for additional monitors may not be necessary if the radiographic procedures are to be accomplished in fe NDTE Handbook February 2008 a fenced in area to which access is controlled by the radiographer and one radiation safety monitor Additional monitors should be placed so that all monitors of the entire perimeter of the barrier can be seen and heard by the radiographer Use of walkie talkie devices may be warranted e The X ray tube head shall be inaccessible to unauthorized use tampering or removal when not in use This shall be accomplished by such means as a locked enclosure or cabinet e At least two qualified radiographers or one qualified radiographer and a qualified safety monitor as well as a sufficient number of radiation safety monitor assistants must be present during radiographic operations to prevent unauthorized personnel from accessing the area e When entering the area after turning the X ray OFF radiographers shall use a suitable calibrated survey meter to confirm that X rays are no longer be
15. AD console De Controlled by Une SRSO e Place all the RADIACsS i e SM400As electronic dosimeters eta in Calibration Before Use CBU status Coordinate this action with personnel located at your Combined Support Maintenance Shop 290 NDTE Handbook February 2008 APPENDIX A Standing Operating Procedure for the Safe Operation of the LORAD LPX 160 Industrial Radiography System Subject Paragraph PMU NIN eaa eas ices cyte canes awe cancer EN l Roron Soane Ea a S E 2 SCOPE esee EO EEEE EO E OES 3 Duties and Re sponsibiHtieS crier aE E EE E ett 4 Trame Require mieni aa EN enugbedeomeneteeeaieadenei 5 Radiation Exposure Eiis lt sxtccex cred aviuseanenednl bien E tems neace aries 6 Personne DOS Iie iy tres betes sactcuiietas a ok Reade Sead ersaaia tank nant ecenla haan ea bhaulakeleeane 7 RTO Saloy Procedir Sorna e E tianerssneeseaamatig sas 8 AVGIMINIStPAt Ve STONI Ee piace cotecatctnsiacadun eas aminaeechanlagsdaum horace eahanlagsadaces 9 Emergency Procedures aucvecan uowavirovarunousvocrnaneletuvedunann A A 10 1 PURPOSE The purpose of this procedure is to provide guidance for the safe operation of the LORAD LPX 160 Radiographic Test Unit RTU 2 REFERENCES AR 385 10 The Army Safety Program DA Pam 385 24 The Army Radiation Safety Program NGR 385 11 Ionizing and Nonionizing Radiation Protection DA Pam 40 18 Personnel Dosimetry Guidance and Dose Recording Procedures for Personnel Occupational Exposed to I
16. ARMY NATIONAL GUARD NON DESTRUCTIVE TEST EQUIPMENT NDTE RADIATION SAFETY OFFICER HANDBOOK z a P LORAD LPX 4160 PREPARED BY ARNG Radiation Safety Staff Officer Directorate for Safety U S Army Communications Electronics Command Fort Monmouth NJ February 2008 NDTE Handbook February 2008 U S Army National Guard Non Destructive Test Equipment NDTE Radiation Safety Officer Handbook INTRODUCTION l Purpose and Scope This handbook provides a quick reference for U S Army National Guard ARNG Local Radiation Safety Officers LRSO responsible for the implementation of a Radiation Safety Program RSP to support the LORAD Model LPX 160 portable industrial X ray device fielded by the U S Army Aviation and Missile Command AMCOM EM Contents Chapter 1 Establishing a RSP page 4 e How do I establish a RSP for the LORAD X ray device e What are the duties of the LRSO Alternate LRSO ALRSO e What are the duties of the designated Radiography Supervisor e What are the qualifications for a LRSO e What are the qualifications for an industrial radiographer e What topics must be included in the annual retraining e What are the requirements for an internal training inspection program e Who establishes rules and regulations for use of the LORAD X ray device Chapter 2 Operational Requirements page 10 e What are the requirements for operating the Lorad x r
17. SP for the LORAD X ray device e Ensure a formal RSP is established in writing that meets the requirements of TM 1 1500 335 23 and Army Radiation Authorization ARA A45 0129 NGB e Appoint trained qualified personnel as LRSO and ALRSO e Establish a personnel dosimetry program e Establish a Radiation Safety Committee RSC and institute administrative procedures for its operations This committee is composed of the Commander or designee senior radiographer the LRSO and the ALRSO This committee should meet at a minimum semi annually e Develop Standard Operating Procedures SOP to include radiological incident accident response procedures e Designate a qualified radiographer as Radiography Supervisor to oversee radiography operations and assure compliance with the RSP Note Do not conduct radiography operations on non Army i1 e non federal property without verification that such operation is in full compliance with applicable state and local regulations and requirements What are the duties of the LRSO ALRSO e Provide advice and assistance to the Commander in formulating policies programs and procedures pertaining EO radiacion OrVrOECCETON e Evaluate and document hazards Radiation level surveys will be performed at least annually in conjunction with an audit of the local RSP e Assure that only qualified radiographers ASI N2 indicator operate radiography devices _4 NDTE Handboo
18. TM 1 1500 335 23 Section VII para 6 8 5 4 1 Are visiting personnel briefed on the hazards of exposure to radiation and radioactive material prior to entry into the radiation controlled area Presence of radiation health hazards minimizing exposure appropriate response to warnings alarms report of exposure use of protective clothing and equipment 10 CFR 19 12 _ 48
19. ander e Obtain the name Social Security Number and organization of all personnel suspected of receiving an overexposure e Notify the LRSO and turn in the individual s TLD badge and the control badge to ADC for immediate processing The ON 1n C nsultation with the LRSO willl determine the need for medical treatment e Record personal dosimeter readings e Complete the Industrial Radiography Utilization Log AFTO Form 125 or equivalent see section b Operational Requirements What Utilization Logs do I need to maintain e Determine and record exact position and duration of exposure e Make a detailed sketch of the area indicating position of the x ray device tube head characteristics kVp and mA settings direction of primary beam object being radiographed any barriers in place and the position of personnel suspected of being overexposed Record any other pertinent data about the incident e Obtain a signed statement from the exposed individual of actions resulting in the exposure 96 NDTE Handbook February 2008 e Assure that a new control badge is obtained designated as a replacement for the control badge that was submitted FOr analysis What actions do I take if a dosimeter reads in excess of the limits in Table 4 1 of DA PAM 40 18 e Conduct an immediate investigation e Determine the cause timeframe and circumstances surrounding the apparent overexposure e Correct or recommend to th
20. ators or under the S pervi sion of such individuals e The training and experience of the LRSO will be commensurate with the hazards and will include a basic understanding of radiation protection principles and practices e The formal training of the LRSO will be successful completion of the 3 week Radiological Safety Course G lt NDTE Handbook February 2008 presented by the U S Army Chemical School at Fort McClellan or its equivalent Equivalent courses that have been approved by AMCOM in the past include an X ray Radiation Safety Officer Course offered by the Navy anda special 2 week course offered by AMCOM the proponent for the LORAD AMCOM has also approved the CECOM 40 hour LORAD LRSO Course to certify LRSOs within the Army National Guard What are the qualifications for an industrial radiographer e Operators must possess an Additional Skill Identifier ASI of N2 Initial training 1s through the USAP 1 TRO Non destructave Inspection Course the U S Navy Radiographic Operator Course or equivalent training courses Equivalency must be approved by TRADOC or the Army NDI Program Manager e Annual retraining consisting of an 8 hour block of instruct VOM s Kequared In addition retraining ass required any time there is a change in equipment operating procedures or regulations Annual retraining shall be conducted or arranged by the LRSO or his designated representative and documented What top
21. ay unit in an unshielded open area to include useage inside burildings suchas a hangar bay e What are the mandatory requirements that must be adhered to when performing radiographic operations in unshielded areas e As the appointed LRSO do I have to do everything myself e What if I need additional people to control the restricted area e What utilization logs do I need to maintain NDTE Handbook February 2008 Chapter 3 Conducting Radiation Surveys page 21 e When are radiation surveys required e What information should be contained in the radiation survey OPOE e What RADIAC meter do I use to perform a radiation survey Chapter 4 Radiation Exposure amp Dosimetry page 24 e What personnel monitoring devices am I required to wear when conducting radiography operations e What are the responsibilities of the dosimeter custodian e What are the occupational radiation dose limits e What shall I do if a suspected overexposure has occurred e What actions do I take if a dosimeter reads in excess of the limits in Table 4 1 of DA PAM 40 18 Chapter 5 Administrative Storage page 29 e How do I place my equipment in administrative storage Sample Standing Operating Procedure SOP APPENDIX A Acronyms and Definitions APPENDIX B Sample Radiation Safety Program Checklist APPENDIX C NDTE Handbook February 2008 Gne pier l How do I establish a R
22. blic and to occasionally exposed individuals requires that access to areas in which radiation doses could exceed 2 mRem 20 uSv in any one hour or 100 mRem 1 mSv in a year must be restricted Radiation Area postings shall be extended out from the X ray tube such as to encompass such areas or alternative arrangements made to restrict access to these areas _10 NDTE Handbook February 2008 e If the beam orientation or technique factors change between exposures the radiation area and high radiation area boundaries must be reestablished and re verified by calculation measurement e A rotating flashing strobe type red warning light shall be positioned near the x ray tube at the 100 mR hr boundry line when the source is energized As an added precaution rotating flashing strobe type red warning lights can be used on the perimeter where feasible e An X ray interlock NSN 6635 00 292 7637 or equivalent shall be installed between the control unit and the rotating lashing strobe type bight The interlock assembly enables electrical power to the X ray ON power circuits Only after tne totatinog E lashing Strobe type X ray ON warning light is attached Each day that the X ray 1s used interlocks shall be inspected to verify their proper operation Interlocks shall routinely be tested to ensure the X ray tube head is de energized when tripped and shall be subjected to detailed testing at intervals not to exceed six months LOR
23. cedures to minimize radiation exposures d Purpose and function of personnel protective and monitoring devices Use of RADIAC instrumentation e Reporting unsafe conditions and prevention of equipment malfunctions 2 Review of findings identified during QA assessments and inspections 3 Review of any radiological incidents and or accidents 4 Review of personnel dosimetry results c All personnel working in or frequenting any portion of the radiation controlled area to include RADOP safety monitors and ancillary personnel who are subject to receive a radiation dose equal to 10 of the annual limits will receive initial and annual radiation oe NDTE Handbook February 2008 safety refresher training U S Nuclear Regulatory Commission USNRC Regulatory Guide RG 8 29 entitled Instruction Concerning Risk from Occupational Radiation Exposure may be used to supplement this training In addition this training will include purposes and functions of protective devices and appropriate response to warning lights or alarms Females will be instructed in the risk associated with radiation exposure to the embryo fetus USNRC RG 8 13 entitled Effects on the Embryo Fetus of exposure to Radiation and Other Environmental Hazards may be used to supplement this instruction 6 RADIATION EXPOSURE LIMITS a Radiography operations will be conducted such that radiation exposure is maintained ALARA This means that every radiography exposu
24. cks Visual warnings use of radiation monitoring equipment and daily pre op operational and post op CHECKS or surveys 1x6 nsuri ing that warning signs and _5 NDTE Handbook February 2008 notices are properly posted and safety switches are functioning properly Emergency procedures must include individuals to be contacted to include name telephone number and title notifications required by AR 385 40 where to take individual for treatment how to approximate the degree of exposure what to do with the dosimetry devices e Assure proper use and storage of dosimetry devices e Assure the availability calibration and proper maintenance of radiation survey instruments e Maintain utilization logs to include annotation of when interlocks or other warning devices are bypassed or overridden Assume control and institute Corrective action in emergency situations e Investigate in coordination with the LRSO the cause of accidents incidents e Verify the competency of industrial radiographers and ensure that only qualified personnel perform radiographic operations What are the qualifications for the LRSO e An LRSO and ALRSO shall be appointed by the Commander of each organization utilizing the LORAD X ray device The authority of the LRSO to immediately halt unsafe operations and his direct access to the Commander shall be clearly stated It is not desirable that the LRSO be an operator supervisor of oper
25. e commander corrective actions to prevent recurrence of the situation e Determine as to whether or not the dosimeter was actually worn by the individual during the dosimeter wear period e Report the overexposure in accordance with DA Pam 40 18 and DA Pam 385 40 as applicable if it was determined that the badge was actually worn e Fully document the investigation and maintain these records as a permanent file IAW AR 25 400 2 Copies of the final investigation report including any revisions to the individual s dose will also be provided to the individual concerned and to the individual s medical records custodian for inclusion 1n the individuals health or medical records The written investigation report shall contain a A copy of the individual s ADR covering the previous 12 months of exposure if available bo Result of any bioassays and medical examinations c Statements from supervisors or other knowledgeable personnel witnessing the event d A statement from the individual stating To the best of my Knowledge and belief I did did not receive this dose because pA e Procedures describing corrective actions oTa NDTE Handbook February 2008 e Review the ALARA program to reduce the likelihood of recurrence and minimize future radiation doses e Remove suspected overexposed individuals from duties that could lead to additional radiation exposures pending completion of the overdose investigation e
26. erating potential of up to 160 kV and a tube current of up to5 mA Y N NA 1 Has the organization installation Commander established in writing a formal radiation safety program consistent with Federal and Army regulations DA PAM 385 24 1 41 8 TM 1 1500 335 23 Section VIII para 6 8 2 2 la Regulation Does the owning organization retain a copy of the Department of the Army Radiation Authorization ARA number A45 0129 NGB and amendments DA Pam 385 24 2 3 Is a qualified RSO designated in writing by the local Commander TM 1 1500 335 23 Section VIII para 6 8 2 2 1c Is a qualified Alternate RSO designated in writing by the local Commander ARA A45 0129 NGB TM 1 1500 335 23 Section VIII para 6 8 2 2 1c Do the RSOs have the education and training required to work with radiation hazards that they may encounter TM 1 1500 335 23 Section VIII para 6 8 2 2 1c Have all personnel performing radiography been school trained and certified for Additional Skill Identifier N2 or equivalent TM 1 1500 335 23 Section VIII para 6 8 2 2 1h Has the Commander appointed in writing a qualified radiographer to serve as Radiography Supervisor and supervise overall operations and ensure compliance with all aspects of the RSP TM 1 1500 335 23 Section VIII para 6 8 2 2 1k Implement dosimetry provisions of AR 11 9 and DA PAM 40 18 TM 1 1500 335 23 Section VIII para 6 8 2 2 1d Has the RSO
27. ics must be included in the annual retraining e Topics include proper use of radiation producing devices instruction in precautions or procedures to minimize radiation exposure purpose and functions of protective equipment instruction in their responsibility to report any condition which may result in unnecessary radiation exposure and actions to takes in the event of any unplanned accidental exposure e Deficiencies identified during annual quality audits of the RSP e Review of accidents and unusual events NDTE Handbook February 2008 e Review of dosimetry results e Review of basic radiation safety principles equipment operations emergency procedures new safety regulations license requirements and other pertinent information What are the requirements for an internal training inspection program e If a radiographer and radiographer s assistant have not participated in a radiographic operation for more than three months since the last training inspection that individual s performance must be observed and recorded the next time the individual participates in a radiographic operation e Training inspection records on the performance of radiographer and radiographer s assistants shall be retained for 3 years NDTE Handbook February 2008 Intentionally left blank NDTE Handbook February 2008 Chapter 2 Operational What are the requirements for operating the LORAD X ray unit in an unshielded open
28. ies and that radiation accidents and incidents are reported as specified by AR 385 40 and 10 CFR TM 1 1500 335 23 Section VIII para 6 8 2 2 1 Y N NA 17 Are only qualified operators allowed to operate radiography equipment TM 1 1500 335 23 Section VIII para 6 8 2 2 1h Y N NA 18 Do operators perform daily pre operational operational post perational checks on the equipment and surveys to ensure radiation safety TM 1 1500 335 23 Section VIII para 6 8 2 2 1h Y N NA 19 Is the RADIAC instrumentation adequate to properly perform routine radiation surveys TM 1 1500 335 23 Section VIII para 6 8 5 8 6 2 Y N NA 20 Is the RADIAC instrumentation properly calibrated for ACTIVE use TB 9 6665 285 15 6a 5 d and 6b TM 1 1500 335 23 Section VIII para 6 8 2 2 11 Y N NA 21 Isa DA Label 80 with a current calibration date placed in a conspicuous location on the instrument AR 750 43 6 31b 1 Y N NA 22 Are adequate quantities of X ray survey instruments on hand and _44 NDTE Handbook February 2008 available for use TM 1 1500 335 23 Section VIII para 6 8 5 8 6 2 Y N NA 23 Are appropriate radiation check sources available to verify proper operation of survey instruments prior to their use TM 1 1500 335 23 Section VIII para 6 8 5 8 5 1 Y N NA 24 Does the Radiography Supervisor have and properly maintain a daily utilization log for recording dosimeter results Do provisions exist for maintenance of
29. ing produced What are the mandatory requirements that must be adhered to when performing radiographic operations in unshielded areas a Equipment In addition to the X ray producing equipment the following equipment must be readily available for use at the site selected for radiographic operations W At least two serviceable properly calibrated radiation survey meters authorized for use with radiography operations One instrument shall be placed by the operator s console and the other utilized for Surveys of the perimeter as appropriate Each radiation survey meter shall be checked for acceptable response to radiation using the provided check source prior to the first operation of the day or shift and after any suspected damage such as would occur if the instrument was dropped W A minimum of one personal alarming dosimeter and one TLD badge for each radiographer involved in radiography operations me ea NDTE Handbook February 2008 Mf An interlock assembly designed to prevent X ray operation unless a properly functioning warning light is connected in the circuit WwW At least two 250 foot coils of rope with sufficient Supporting stands Radiation warning signs 10 of each required type 1 e CAUTION RADIATION AREA and CAUTION or DANGER HIGH RADIATION AREA Note A minimum of 500 feet 150 meters of commercially available barrier material which states CAUTION RADIATION AREA bright
30. k February 2008 e Assure that a sufficient amount of the appropriate RADIAC instrumentation i e SM 400A is made available and calibrated for Active Health amp Safety use e Conduct and document in writing an annual quality assurance self assessment of the Local RSP e Develop emergency procedures and assure that all actual or suspected overexposures to ionizing radiation are investigated and reported e Instruct personnel annually on safe work practices emergency procedures effects of radiation exposures and other appropriate radiation safety topics as required Records of these instructions will include a brief outline of the topics anda list of persons who received them e Maintain the personnel dosimetry program Appoint a dosimetry custodian on orders to administer the TLD program e Calculate the collective highest and average exposure to ionizing radiation for all persons maintained on the dosimetry program Report these results quarterly to the ROC What are the duties of the designated Radiography Supervisor e Control and maintain all radiography equipment to include assuring that equipment is properly checked and inspected prior to each use e Develop and maintain safe operating and emergency procedures Copies are to be maintained with the equipment during all operations Note Operating procedures will include checklists for periodic inspections and testing of safety devices InCerlOo
31. levels are mee NDTE Handbook February 2008 INVESTIGATION LEVELS mrem QUARTERLY MONITORING TYPE DOSE LEVEL I LEVEL I Whole Body 125 Lens of the eye 375 1125 Other 1250 3750 Quarterly monitoring is the normal frequency that thermoluminescent dosimeters TLD are submitted for evaluation All radiography involving pregnant females and minors will utilize monthly monitoring 7 PERSONNEL DOSIMETRY Individuals expected to receive a dose in excess of 10 percent of the annual exposure limits are required to be issued and properly use dosimetric devices The following establishes the personnel dosimetry for this unit a The RSO ARSO RADSUP and RADOP are designated radiation workers RW and will be provided dosimetric devices The official dosimetric device for the military 1s the thermoluminescent dosimeter TLD obtained from the U S Army Ionizing Radiation Dosimetry Center ADC Redstone Arsenal AL b Each RW will be assigned a TLD to be worn only by that person and only during radiographic operations The TLDs will be exchanged and evaluated quarterly except for pregnant females and minors whose TLDs will be exchanged monthly c The RSO will appoint a dosimetry custodian on orders to administer the dosimetry program The RSO will select and approve in writing the TLD storage location and assure that the TLDs are stored with the control TLD when not worn during radiographic operations d Personnel will wear
32. n the radiographer s name and the initial and final dosimeter readings for each day that radiography is performed The completion of the Industrial Radiography Utilization Log ATFO Form 125 or equivalent 1s mandatory when a suspected overexposure has taken place The completed form will be permanently maintained on file along with any other documents generated during the subsequent investigation of the suspected overexposure It 1s recommended that this log be used routinely as it provides important information concerning the operations conducted The following information shall be recorded on the Utiliza Crion TOG 18 NDTE Handbook February 2008 e kVp e mA e exposure duration e a sketch of the setup with the following identified e primary beam direction e X ray tube position e control console position e film and component position e barrier position e exposure rates at the barrier mR hr e approximate location s of the individual during the exposure and the amount of time at that location LPs i68 TE 19 NDTE Handbook February 2008 Intentionally left blank _20 NDTE Handbook February 2008 Chapter 3 Concueting tachation Surveys When are radiation surveys required Radiographers shall perform a sufficient radiation protection survey prior to each use They shall also perform a survey prior to reentry into the restricted area to assure that the X ray tube head has been de energi
33. ncidents will be fully investigated and reported in accordance with AR 385 40 and corrective action shall be taken immediately to preclude recurrence prior to resumption of radiographic operations In addition lessons learned from radiation incidents will be widely disseminated through command channels and to the item manager at AMCOM to help preclude similar occurrence elsewhere 30 NDTE Handbook February 2008 d Technical assistance and further guidance is available from the ARNG RSSO office DSN 987 7445 COM 732 427 7445 APPROVAL RSO Print o i Sig Date Radiographic Supervisor Print Sign Dae State Radiation Safety Officer Siga Date Unit Commander Print Sign Date _ 40 NDTE Handbook ADR ADC AMO AMCOM ALRSO EPD JAG LRSO MACOM RADOP RADSUP RCC RSSO RSO RSP RTU RW TLD Absorbed Dose ALARA February 2008 APPENDIX B ACRONYMS AND DEFINITIONS Automated Dosimetry Report U S Army Dosimetry Center Aviation Maintenance Officer U S Army Aviation and Missile Command Alternate Local Radiation Safety Officer Electronic Personal Dosimeter Judge Advocate General Local Radiation Safety Officer Major Army Command Radiographic Operator or Radiographer Radiographic Supervisor Radiation Control Committee Radiation Safety Staff Officer Radiation Safety Officer Radiation Safety Program Radiographic Test Unit Radiation Worker Thermolumine
34. ointed LRSO do I have to do everything myself No radiation safety monitors can be appointed to assist the radiographer provided they receive radiation safety training that is commensurate with their assigned duties These duties include e Operating radiation survey meters e Establishing the location of the radiation barriers e Setting up personnel barriers e Preventing unauthorized personnel from entering a radiation area e Recording radiation dose levels at barriers me ee NDTE Handbook February 2008 e Recording personnel dosimeter readings e Performing other assignments as directed What if I need additional people to control the restricted area If more personnel are needed additional radiation safety monitor assistants may be appointed These personnel can assist in preventing unauthorized access into the radiographic inspection area These individuals are not authorized inside the radiation barrier area during operations Assistants require no special radiation safety training and are not required to be issued TLD badges They Should be an drrect contact visual or by radio with the monitors or radiographers to effect termination if required What utilization logs do I need to maintain A daily utilization log for recording personal dosimeter results shall be maintained by the radiography supervisor The Pocket Dosimeter Results Log AFTO Form 115 or equivalent shall be used It must contai
35. on is to be changed c When radiographic operations are to be conducted in areas not previously surveyed d When a different RTU is used e At least annually as a part of the annual internal QA self assessment 3 The radiation protection survey report will be valid for three years and updated at least annually This report will be valid only for the location s and operating conditions s specified in the report 386 x NDTE Handbook February 2008 4 The RSO or his designated alternate RADSUP or RADOP will conduct a comprehensive informal radiation protection survey prior to each radiographic operation This survey shall include the following a Verification of proper operation of all interlocks ON OFF beam control mechanisms safety and warning devices remote monitoring systems and survey instruments b Verification that the High Radiation Area and Radiation Area boundaries are secure and posted with a sufficient number of signs so as to be conspicuous in all directions The locations of the two boundaries will be verified with the written radiation protection survey report c Visual confirmation that all personnel have been evacuated from all aircraft shop sets and other structures within the radiation controlled area Personnel will be directed to vacate the area d Verification with Production Control that no maintenance or other personnel are on the roof of the hanger if applicable e Notification of all
36. onizing Radiation TM 1 1500 335 23 Nondestructive Inspection Methods Basic Theory U S Army Radiation Dosimetry Program Customer Handbook Version 3 1 Army Radiation Authorization ARA A45 0129 NGB 10 CFR Parts 19 20 amp 21 3 SCOPE This procedure applies to all personnel assigned to the XXXXX Army National Guard involved in the operation use storage and management of the LORAD LPX 160 RTU 4 DUTIES and RESPONSIBILITIES a Unit Commander The unit Commander maintains overall responsibility for assuring that industrial radiography is in full compliance with federal laws Army regulations and applicable technical publications to include the provisions of Technical Order 1 1500 335 23 Specifically the commander will _ 30 NDTE Handbook February 2008 1 Designate in writing a qualified Radiation Safety Office RSO Alternate ARSO a Radiography Supervisor and a Dosimetry Records Custodian 2 Appoint a Radiation Safety Committee RSC This committee will consist of a representative of the Unit Commander the Unit Safety Officer the Radiographic Supervisor and the RSO 3 Implement a dosimetry program for x ray operations 4 Assure the performance of annual self assessment quality assurance QA audits of the Radiation Safety Program RSP to verify full compliance with all applicable regulations b Radiation Safety Officer RSO The RSO shall establish and manage the RSP Specifically he she will 1
37. or his designated alternate conducted and documented initial training and periodic retraining of all personnel including support personnel such as radiation monitors which is consistent with 10 CFR 19 and their assigned duties TM 1 1500 335 23 Section VIII para 6 8 4 ee NDTE Handbook February 2008 Y N NA 10 Does the training program mandate and document annual retraining of at least eight hours duration for radiographer s TM 1 1500 335 23 Section VIII para 6 8 3 3 Y N NA 11 Is an internal training inspection program established and training evaluation documented within the unit to demonstrate that performance of each radiographer and each radiographer s assistant is routinely observed TM 1 1500 335 23 Section VIII para 6 8 Y N NA 12 Has the Commander appointed a Radiation Safety Committee RSC TM 1 1500 335 23 Section VIII para 6 8 2 2 le Y N NA 13 Does the RSC meet at least once in each six month period ARA A45 0129 NGB Y N NA 14 Does the RSO provide a copy of the RSC minutes to the installation RSO DA PAM 385 24 1 9 c Y N NA 15 Were plans and specifications for construction of new facilities or modifications of other facilities reviewed by a qualified expert TM 1 1500 335 23 Section VIII para 6 8 2 2 1f Y N NA 16 Assure that procedures to be followed when an accident or incident occurs are defined that individuals are designated in writing to receive notice in the event of emergenc
38. ot exceed 2 mRem 0 02 mSv in any one hour In addition operations shall be conducted such that radiation exposure to individual members of the public shall not exceed 100 mRem 1 mSv in a year NOTE This definition does not limit the radiation exposure to a particular rate but permits higher exposure rates providing that the total quantity of radiation in any unrestricted area during any one hour does not exceed 2 mRem 20 uSv and during any calendar year does not exceed 100 mRem 1 mSv to any single individual See table below Maximum Permissible Dose Rate vs Hourly Duty Cycle Measured Exposure Rate Total Time X ray Unit is Operated during mR hr a One Hour Period in minutes 4 3 2 Z il 1 1 i O O 4 O I 3 3 2 5 4 Wl Special consideration must be given to assuring that restricted areas are of sufficient size in order to prevent any potential adverse impact on adjacent operations If in doubt assure that qualified experts are consulted prior to initiation of any radiographic operations c Operations _14 NDTE Handbook February 2008 W Once the restricted area is identified it shall be adequately posted to assure against inadvertent entry In larger facilities it may be feasible to lock appropriate doors or limit access to very large work areas as a Simple means to controlling the radiation area In other locations it may be necessary to establish boundaries by roping off or barricading passage
39. personnel over the hanger loudspeaker system if available by the RSO or his designated representative that RTU testing is being conducted f Documentation of radiation levels radiation survey by the RSO or his designated representative as follows 1 The RTU will be positioned as it will be for radiographic exposure including the object to be x rayed with voltage and current set to the levels to be used 2 Survey meters will be positioned at the operating controls and at the area expected to receive the highest levels of radiation This will generally be the area closest downrange from the RTU and that has little or no inherent radiation shielding such as walls doors etc 3 The radiation controlled area will be cleared of all personnel Safety monitors will be posted within eyesight of each other along the controlled area boundary The RSO should have two way radios for communication with safety monitors with whom he she is not in visual contact 4 With the rotating flashing strobe warning light on the RTU will be activated for a period of time as specified by the RADOP Dose rate readings will be recorded by the RADOP or the radiographic monitor using x ray survey meters This step will be repeated as required until all required dose rate information is obtained as NDTE Handbook February 2008 5 After the RTU is turned off and the Control Unit safety key is removed the RADOP will proceed toward the x ray tube head with a
40. re must be planned and conducted so as to minimize unnecessary exposure both to radiographic personnel and to individuals not involved in the radiography operation Dose rates and accumulated doses will be monitored as necessary to assure compliance with limits specified in DA Pam 385 24 and DA Pam 40 18 and to maintain an effective ALARA program b Specific individual exposure limits are listed in the tables below Dose limits for deep dose equivalent Whole body dose shallow dose equivalent skin dose and eye dose equivalent have different limits and are based on radiation exposure at tissue depths of 1 0 0 007 and 0 3 centimeters and must be separately assessed OCCUPATIONAL DOSE LIMITS TYPE DOSE ANNUAL LIMIT REM Whole Body TEDE Lens of the eye Skin or extremities Embryo fetus Dose to individuals under age of 18 shall not exceed 10 of these limits L mits for embryo fetus are for the entire pregnancy for declared pregnant females nN DOSE LIMITS TO MEMBERS OF THE PUBLIC TYPE DOSE ANNUAL LIMIT Whole body 100 mrem In addition to limiting exposure to 100 mrem yr the dose rate at the unrestricted area boundary shall be such that an individual would not receive a dose exceeding 2 mrem in any one hour c The RSO will conduct a comprehensive investigation in accordance with DA Pam 40 18 if results of radiation dosimetry indicate exposures exceeding the criteria specified in Table 2 1 DA Pam 40 18 These dose
41. ring annual radiation safety refresher training is provided to all personnel issued dosimetry What are the occupational radiation dose limits Radiography operations shall be conducted such that radiation exposure 1S maintained As Low As is Reasonably Achievable ALARA This means that every radiography exposure must be planned and conducted so as to minimize unnecessary exposure both to radiographic personnel and to individuals not involved in the radiography operation Dose rates and accumulated doses will be monitored as necessary to assure compliance with limits specified in DA Pam 40 18 and to maintain an effective ALARA program Occupational radiation exposure limits are as follows TYPE DOSE ANNUAL LIMIT REM Whole Body TEDE aan Gk eee eee Skin or extremities Embryo fetus Dose to individuals under age of 18 shall not exceed 10 of these Limes Limits for embryo fetus are for the entire pregnancy for declared pregnant females 25 NDTE Handbook February 2008 Radiation exposure limits to members of the general public are as follows TYPE DOSE ANNUAL LIMIT mRem In addition to limiting exposure to 100 mRem yr the dose rate at the unrestricted area boundary shall be such that an individual shall not receive a dose exceeding 2 mRem in any one hour What shall I do if a suspected overexposure has occurred e Immediately cease all radiography operations and report the incident to the unit comm
42. rtaining to radiography meee NDTE Handbook February 2008 3 Assure that radiography operators utilize personnel monitoring devices as required and assure proper storage of monitoring devices 4 Assure the availability proper calibration and maintenance of required RADIAC equipment d Radiography Operators RADOP shall comply fully with procedures for conducting nondestructive examinations to include all associated safety requirements as outlined in applicable technical manuals and technical orders in this SOP Special emphasis will be placed on assuring that all exposures to radiation are maintained ALARA 5 TRAINING REQUIREMENTS a RSO Alternate RSO must have successfully completed a radiation safety course approved by the U S Army Aviation and Missile Command AMCOM RSO b RADOPs must have successfully completed a nondestructive examiners or radiographer training course leading to ANSI level I qualification In addition each RADOP will receive annual refresher training of at least eight hours The RSO his her designated representative or other qualified individual shall present this refresher training Refresher training will be documented and include the following subjects 1 Review of basic radiation safety principles and x ray safety to include a Proper storage and use of the industrial RTU b Biological effects and other health considerations associated with use of the industrial RTU c Precautions and pro
43. ry Record Repository DA PAM 385 24 5 1f 2 Has a Charge out Record OF 23 or other flag been placed in the individuals health record or civilian employee medical file for Automated Dosimetry Records maintained separately from the health record or medical file AR 40 66 Has the local medical authority addressed medical examinations for radiation workers under the health hazard surveillance program DA Pam 40 11 5 2 Is the TLD storage location approved in writing by the RSO DA Pam 40 18 3 4e Do radiation workers those on a dosimetry program receive annual briefings regarding radiation hazards biological effects 10 CFR 19 12 NRC Reg Guides 8 10 8 13 and 8 29 Is the annual summary of the Automated Dosimetry Records maintained permanently in the individuals medical file DA PAM 385 24 5 1f 3 Has the RSO provided the individual with an annual report of radiation dose 10 CFR 19 Does the RSO review sign and date personnel Automated Dosimetry Records DA Pam 40 18 4 3b Does each dosimeter display some temporary means of individual identification DA Pam 40 18 3 4d Are dosimeters worn above the waist below the shoulders and outside the clothing DA Pam 40 18 3 4b Oy i ae NDTE Handbook Y N NA 15 Y N NA 16 February 2008 Are adequate quantities and types of TLDs on hand and available for use to include dosimetry for supporting personnel and visitors if applicable
44. scent Dosimeter The radiation energy imparted per unit mass of material The unit of absorbed dose is the gray Gy Acronym for as low as is reasonably achievable means making every reasonable effort to maintain radiation exposures to as far below regulatory dose limits as practical consistent with the purpose for which the radiation exposure is used taking into account the state of technology the economics of improvement relative to benefits to the public health and safety and other social an socioeconomic considerations and in relation to utilization of radiation in the public oe NDTE Handbook Dose Dose Equivalent DE Deep Dose Equivalent DDE Embryo Fetus External Dose Extremity Eye Dose Equivalent Radiation controlled area Radiation Area High Radiation Area Very High Radiation Area Whole body February 2008 interest A generic term that means absorbed dose dose equivalent etc and represents the total amount of radiation received during the exposure period The product of absorbed dose in tissue quality factor and other necessary modifying factors at the location of interest The unit of dose equivalent is Sievert Sv Applies to whole body exposure is the dose equivalent at a tissue depth of 1 0 cm 1000 gm cm The developing human organism from conception until time of birth That portion of the dose equivalent received from sources outside the body The hands
45. tly large as to assure compliance with these limits for all personnel not involved with radiography operations Further all exposures to include those to members of the public must be maintained As Low As Reasonably Achievable Ml Position radiation warning signs along the barrier in order that they may be seen from any direction of approach _15 NDTE Handbook February 2008 Wl Extend the power cable from the tube head to the controls so that the operator is located as far as possible from the radiation source usually at least 75 feet 23 meters Position the control unit so that all radiation safety monitors and or the entire perimeter of the barrier are within sight of the radiographer If this is not possible adequate means of communication shall be implemented Adequate means of communication may include two way radios whistles electronic propellant activated noise alarm ultrasonic infrared intrusion barriers etc k Place the rotating strobe light or X RAY ON when lit Sign near the X ray tube and connect to the X ray interlock Creer cs Ml Illuminate the area for night operations Wl Insure that no individuals reside inside the aircraft when a component is being radiographed Wl Prior to making an exposure the area shall be surveyed by the radiographers to establish the pattern of radiation fields that may be generated and to determine the adequacy of rope barrier placement Wl Upon completion of the surve
46. uncil RSC meeting document in the minutes that the device will be placed into administrative storage Inform the RCC members and the facility commander that if the system is to be brought back online that all RSP requirements must be verified by the State RSO prior to set up and use The semi annual RCC meeting requirement can be suspended at this time b Contact the U S Army Dosimetry Center at Redstone Arsenal AL to suspend the dosimetry program until further notice c Store the LORAD LPX 160 tube head and control unit in an environmentally sound and secure location It is recommended that the keys to operate the LORAD be controlled by the SRSO d Place all RADIACSs 1 e SM400As EPD 2s etc in Calibration Before Use CBU status Remove batteries from all SM400A ion chambers Coordinate CBU _ 38 NDTE Handbook February 2008 status with the Combined Support Maintenance Shop Calibration Section e Archive all radiation safety records and utilization logs accordingly 10 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES a At any time during safety surveys or actual radiographic operations if unsafe conditions exist e g excessive radiation levels failed interlocks warning lights etc the RADOP will immediately cease all radiographic operations b If the RADOP suspects possible overexposure of if the failure occurred during RTU operation such that an overexposure may have occurred the RADOP will immediately cease operation remove
47. user manual for the specific amount of time required typically on the order of 2 8 seconds NOTE X ray producing devices are not licensed by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission NRC therefore the required calibration interval will be specified by your State Department of Health or Bureau of Radiological Health If your state requires a 90 day calibration interval a one year interval is not acceptable You must specify the calibration frequency when returning your RADIAC to the CECOM DS RACL for calibration ow NDTE Handbook February 2008 Cheyer 4h Dosimetry What personnel monitoring devices am I required to wear when conducting radiography operations Radiographers must wear a Thermoluminescent Dosimeter TLD and an alarming ratemeter pocket dosimeter The Siemens electronic dosimeter serves as a direct reading pocket dosimeter and an alarming ratemeter The TLD is the official dosimeter to record radiation exposure for Army personnel Since the TLD is sent out quarterly for analysis the direct reading pocket dosimeter is used to provide an immediate indication of exposure siemens ERDZ Sp ORO gt Sit ek ey lt w JA GA A lt The alarming ratemeter will sound an alarm when it is exposed to dose rates equal to a pre set level Refer to the user manual provided with the pocket dosimeter ratemeter for proper operation and care To eliminate electromagnetic interference the Siemens EPD2 should onl
48. ways in appropriate areas In any event sufficient control in the form of posting use of safety monitors and use of access limiting devices shall be in place to ensure that individuals cannot enter the area inadvertently Wl In general when X radiographic operations are conducted without the benefit of shielding it is necessary to erect rope barriers around the X ray tube head at a distance of 70 meters 230 feet or more for vertical beam orientations For exposures requiring near horizontal or horizontal beam the barrier may have to be extended in the direction of the beam for several hundred meters downrange to achieve the desired maximum exposure rates For practical purposes if radiographs can be performed within an isolated area of the flight line and no unauthorized entry into the radiation area is possible establishment of physical barriers can be relaxed However all access to the isolated area must be safeguarded and posted and any uncontrolled area must not contain exposure rates that would allow personnel to receive in excess of 2 mRem 20 uSv in any one hour All positions around the barrier must be in view of one of the radiographers or radiation monitors during exposures NOTE Radiation protection criteria applicable to members of the public limit exposure to 100 mRem 1 0 mSv per year This equates to about 2 mRem 20 uSv per week All personnel performing radiography must assure that restricted areas are sufficien
49. y be used in conjunction with a radiofrequency RF protective pouch The MGP DMC 2000X has been determined by AMCOM to be a suitable replacement for the EPD2 and PDLOZ The alarm ratemeter shall be checked to ensure that the alarm functions properly prior to the start of each operation An annual calibration is required of this unit The ratemeter should be pre set to alarm at a low threshold i e 10 20 mR hr Pocket dosimeters shall be read out and the doses ecorded daily in ithe Utilization og TANIS LOG WLLL record the radiographer s name and the initial and final dosimeter readings in mRem for each day radiography operations are performed _24 NDTE Handbook February 2008 TLDs and pocket dosimeters shall be stored ina low background area in an environment free from excessive heat temperature moisture and humidity All dosimetry should be returned to this designated storage area after each work period What are the responsibilities of the dosimeter custodian The dosimetry custodian designated in writing is responsible for maintaining the records of occupational exposure to ionizing radiation This person is responsible fOr the dissemina ion and collection or the TLDs tor reviewing and signing the quarterly Automated Dosimetry Reports ADRS received from the U S Army Dosimetry Center ADC Redstone Arsenal AL for providing exposure reports to personnel annually and following termination and for ensu
50. y and modification of the barrier if needed radiographic operations may proceed W If the barrier is penetrated by anyone during the exposure the x ray device shall be turned off immediately and the incident reported to the radiography supervisor Wl In the case of multiple exposures in an open area in which the beam direction intensity kVp mA or shielding is significantly altered the barrier perimeter shall be re established as necessary The location of the barrier will be determined by calculation or by survey meter reading Ww While in operation the X ray control panel SHALL NOT be left unattended at any time In addition the X ray device SHALL NOT at any time be operated by unauthorized personnel This equipment shall always be stored ina secure area A key lock shall be installed on the x ray control unit consoles While in storage or unattended by an authorized radiographer the power safety switch key shall be removed from the console and securely maintained 16 NDTE Handbook February 2008 separate from the apparatus Only radiographers authorized by the unit Commander shall have access to the industrial radiographic unit power safety switch key storage areas WJ All required information from the utilization log shall be documented by the radiographer if a suspected overexposure has occurred This will include the radiation levels identified within the area as well as at the rope barrier As the app
51. yellow background with magenta letters and radiation symbol and self supporting stands may be used to cordon off the affected area in lieu of materials specified in the two paragraphs above Ww An adequate length power cable and coolant hose as recommended by the equipment manufacturer Ml A radiation warning sign with a rotating flashing strobe type red light or warning sign stating X RAY ON when lit The sign shall be as close to the radiation source as possible and still be visible from all angles of approach In addition it shall be connected to the control circuit in such a manner that the sign is on when the radiation source is activated Wl For night radiographic operations sufficient lighting equipment shall be available to illuminate the area b Determination of Maximum Exposure Rate at the Barrier Radiographic operations in unshielded facilities require that an initial evaluation of the exposure area be conducted in order to determine the extent of area to be restricted during operations Wl Restricted Area means any area to which personnel access is controlled for the purpose of protecting individuals from exposure to radiation and radioactive materials This implies that a restricted area is one that requires control of access occupancy and working conditions for radiation protection purposes _13 NDTE Handbook February 2008 The dose limit in any unrestricted area from external radiation sources shall n
52. zed A comprehensive dose rate survey shall also be performed by the LRSO as a part of the annual quality assurance audit These surveys will serve to verify the adequacy of operating procedures the presence of warning signs and Signals and record radiation exposure measurements to establish and validate safe operating conditions Records of surveys shall be maintained for a minimum period of three years What information should be contained in the radiation survey report e Identification of the radiation producing device and rocation building room number s e Radiation levels in R hr at one meter at max kVp and mA e Identification of the survey instruments used to include Serial Number calibration date and due date e Location of the X ray tube head and orientation of the useful beam e Exposure rates in all adjacent areas accessible to personnel The location of these measurements shall be identified on the survey form e A description of existing mechanical and electrical limiting and safety devices that restrict the orientation of the useful beam or otherwise support radiation protection efforts _2 1 NDTE Handbook February 2008 e A statement indicating the type of installation where the device is being used 1 e unshielded e A statement of the restrictions if any imposed on the weekly workload the degree of occupancy of adjacent areas and the time that the useful beam is directed at any barrier
Download Pdf Manuals
Related Search