FEFLOW
Contents
1. 3 1 3 Generating the Finite Element Mesh The finite element mesh is generated in the Mesh Gen erator Menu Start mesh generator Ff Generator options Choose a high refinement for the areas around the Add ins Okay Generate automatically The Mesh density input menu pops up Enter an element number of 500 The element number is an educated estimate based on the size and type of model Em Start The TMesh generator is an extremely accurate tool that creates precise meshes based on the Add ins and the boundary design As an alternative generator for trian gular meshes the Advancing Front algorithm is also available in FEFLOW While able to create more regu lar meshes it cannot honor predescribed Add in loca tions 3 1 4 Mesh Geometry For our mass transport simulation the mesh is too coarse in the area where the contaminant will be dis tributed Therefore the mesh has to be partially refined ff Mesh geometry You will enter the Mesh Geometry Editor Before starting the mesh refinement please note some funda mental rules for using the FEFLOW editors see box below To refine the mesh based on a background map you The FEFLOW editors Meshenrichment Delete elements Triangularize 1i ax L2 ma Rotatemesh Movenode2. W Backward Ff Options The Pathline editor appears FW Head in the lower left part of the window for analyzing the hydraulic head distribution Em Show A vertical cross sec tion of the hydraulic head distri bution is displayed multiple pathlines around a single well in the left row This option allows you to start multiple pathlines exactly from a well to visualize capture zones Fm Close to leave the Pathline editor FEFLOW 43 pm Show to start the pathline function The working window displays the border of the model and sym bols for the wells Click on a well location to create the backward reverse particle tracking Click with the right mouse button to exit the func tion The Results Viewer reappears At last try out the Pseudo 3D Visualization for parame ter distributions FW 3D Projections FW Mass in the lower left part of the menu rm Show The mass distribution is visualized as a 3D plot where the quantity of mass concentration is visualized along the z axis Click with the right mouse button to exit the func tion The Results Viewer reappears Em Close to close the Results Viewer go 44 Demonstration Exercise The Budget analyzer calculates the water mass and heat balancing for the entire model single slices or subregions to be defined by interactive input or import of lines or polygons in ASCII format The budget can be a
3. a NL 17 Xx 6 0 A VA LOSERS YA CX SS prawns Sf SES S IES 2 Nl E PEDALS DO A E ZK 50 5 m AE VA V 0 X VV VAS va a v 0 Pa MR FER TITIES i E ATA A A EA ZA e 2 4 N OX E VS 7 AY 250 X5 S EG 0 8 LITA ZO TORK f he ER ZN SY NJ OK ES VE S Fa wal TE Va g E 2 2 e CNN O LBD lt X S KK PAROS SES v X ZN NI EA 8 as CANA WAY S AES A VIALS L EES KTS Ste RBS SE KV ROK KZ Bs EEEE s 4 Sd SI Vy vas a PES 1 SD MEE VY Sd YN 2 EK SAE e AN KS SESS UE FAN VAYA V7 VS TSAR RECO X 3407840 43 LX p i set LTE EE ES Y 5815713 14 E i E AC 36 Demonstration Exercise 3 9 Reconfigure 3D Task The basic model parameters are now assigned but we will add two additional layers to increase the accuracy of modeling the aquitard Therefore we have to re enter the Layer configurator via the 3D Slice elevations menu E 3D Slice elevation in the Problem Editor Ff Reconfigure 3D Task Feflow Slice Partitioner or a ee ee ral There are already d 4 FE l 5 chouig pe created Type a decrement of 7 1000 m in the Decrement box This unrealistic high decrement makes FEFLOW divide the aquitard equally
4. FEFLOW is started as follows On Windows Systems Start FEFLOW via the WASY entry in the Programs folder of the Windows Start menu e FEFLOW 5 1 On Unix Systems e Type feflow and hit the lt Enter gt key If no FEFLOW license has been installed you are asked if you want to start FEFLOW in demo mode The demo mode does not allow you to save any files or to open unregistered files i e files not delivered with FEFLOW The Main Window of FEFLOW is displayed on your screen 2 2 The FEFLOW Graphical User Interface The FEFLOW window on your screen is divided as shown in the figure on the next page FEFLOW commands are grouped in several menu levels 1 e the system is hierarchically structured The shell menu forms the top level All subordinate levels and menus are accessible from the Shell menu entries at the top of the window All editing processes are exe cuted interactively in the Working window The Information boxes at the lower left side of the shell are visible in every menu level They display informa tion about the model offer tools for zooming and switching between different slices layers and provide the entry to the 3D Options menu for 3D view and analyses The Message bar at bottom edge of the shell displays information about the current processes or available functions For detailed online help hit the F1 key or click on the Help buttons which you can find in most of the menus and windows The help
5. I Browsefile View results at 7 300e 03 d i Budget analyzer Fluid flux analyzer Content analyzer i Special operations Reflect about symmetric plane History of observation points i Recreate The conductivity in the x direction is visualized as a 3D object Additionally the Tricycler menu appears e Click on the model hold the left mouse button and move the mouse in order to rotate the model e Press the lt Ctrl gt key and move the mouse up and down to zoom in or out Click the middle mouse bot ton to pan the model Pressure P Mass C Heat T Layer 1 Bd Saturation 3D Options Content Isosurfaces P References Kyy Fences r Kzz 10 4 m s 1 000e 06 3 738e 00 7 475e 00 1 121e 01 1 495e 01 1 869e 01 2 243e 01 2 616e 01 B 7 8 m d FEFLOW 45 5 2 1 3D Pathline Analyzer One of the main 3D analyzing tools FEFLOW offers is the 3D pathline visualization You can start the path lines by positioning the starting point via the 3D cursor on the model move the red handlers by starting them from a specified slice or by importing an ASCII file for the computation of the Relevant Area of Influence RAI for a well We will start now some pathlines from the second slice Fm 3D Options hold the mouse button 85 Pathline The 3D Pathline Controller is opened FEFLOW 3D pcpeter Groundwater Mass Transport Model 3D demo_transport_3d dac File
6. In the neighboring points field type 3 polation of the data just imported see resulting con In the Acceptable over undershooting field type tours in the figure below 0 Exit the function by clicking the right mouse button in the model domain FEFLOW 3D pcpeter Groundwater Mass Transport Model 3D sm2 smh Fiow initials Alternate Pressure men Global li A Elemental A Nodal A Rubberbox y Database Return feflow feflow feflow feflow feflow feflow feflow feflow feflow feflow feflow feflow feflow feflow feflow feflow KEYBOARD REQUEST Measure m a 8143 20 FADA Exaggeration Kaj iyu Layers Slices X Slice 1 Layer 1 Y 3D Options 24 Demonstration Exercise You can visualize the results e Switch from E Assign to E Show Ef Hydraulic head FEFLOW shows the hydraulic head distribution as colored fringes Switch from 5 Show to S Vanish Ef Hydraulic head FEFLOW resets to normal view We will now copy the initial values from slice 1 to all the remaining slices Go to the Mesh Inspector icon and switch the light blue Tools button to Copy Feflow Data Copier Menu Fal ser Return Data copier EH Hydraulic head The Data Copier appears FW to ALL remaining slices Em Start You will be asked by an alert box if you really want to overwrite the current v
7. A ZAVAN OES Xj REARS DOC EEG OU i s 26 Demonstration Exercise ESSEN ATUS 4 ATE TTI E S erate PERSE KORR M d BERS A oed domain and hold the button pressed Move the cursor a little bit to the northwest along the boundary and release the mouse button Move on along the border and click the last node in the northwest with the left mouse button Notice that all nodes in between have been assigned a head value of 46 m The head bound ary condition 1s indicated by blue circles S T Via oT Tie SEES VDO PRK QA AES DUX NA RA or 2 4 AG 1 FO A FEE t pea AS cy ILS AE KW phar P e Vi aT 7 VEA 4 X Ki LOK ROC LE VAR poe Pi XO YN 4 i F et tte VAY 2 E x PA CACHE CALS 2 S ZN 2 GC s V M X d g E fd th iE 7 f f Now define the southern boundary conditions describ ing the shoreline of Lake M ggelsee and the river M ggelspree We recommend to use the Assign W border tool as described previously for the north ern boundary Set a Ef Head boundary condition with a hydraulic head of 32 1 meters Afterwards switch the light blue Tools button to E Copy Fm Head 1st kind The Data Copier appears FW to ALL remainin
8. based on the PEST version 2 04 1995 by John Doherty Watermark Computing Corinda Australia FEFLOW 5 You can skip any of the steps in this excercise by load ing the problem files that are already prepared These files are not ready to run in the simulator you have to complete them first For complete files install the sample data tutorial and benchmarks from the CD ROM 1 2 Scope and Structure The scope of this exercise is to introduce the novice user to the philosophy of modeling three dimensional flow and transport problems based on real world data with the help of FEFLOW It also shows some of the capabilities of FEFLOW to users testing the code in demo mode It is not intended as an introduction to groundwater modeling itself Therefore some back ground knowledge of groundwater hydraulics and groundwater modeling is required Before starting the exercise FEFLOW should be installed on a suitable computer For a detailed descrip tion of the installation process please refer to the book let of the FEFLOW CD Rom 1 3 Terms and Notations In addition to verbal description of the required screen actions we make use of some icons They are intended to assist in relating the written description to the graph ical information provided by FEFLOW The icons refer to the kind of setting to be done menu command ex button 188 input field for text or numbers 3 switch toggle ma radio button or checkbox
9. Map vy Inactive Active File Snap Check properti The upper buttons define the items e g Mesh Enrichment Delete elements and Check properties The icon showing a man s face activates the Mesh Inspector which gives you infor mation about the parameters assigned to each node element The tools can be selected by clicking on the light blue button below the mesh inspector Having selected a tool different options are offered in the field right of the tools button If you try to change the global value settings you are warned and asked for confirmation The use of the editor is as follows o Choose a E tool Mesh _ Single a A pordan e Select one of the BA options offered A Rubberbox Assign L3 Aenea j h Join SED L Join lt eturn e Choose the Efi item parameter you want to edit Start editing Exit the function by clicking the right mouse button or hitting lt Esc gt A mesh should always be created containing as few elements as possible It can be refined later but it never can be derefined to a coarser state than after mesh generation FEFLOW 15 You can also refine the mesh more accurately using the polygon background map Select A Join instead of Assign Click the poly gons toggle and load demo refine ply Cancel the file selector box After wards choose Mesh enrich ment refine and click the polygon with the left mouse button All following i
10. Please notice that the color of the corresponding ele ment in FEFLOW may be different depending on the window in which the element occurs You will find for example green menus or yellow switch toggles as well as the blue ones shown above All file names are printed in color 6 Demonstration Exercise 1 4 Model Scenario A fictitious contaminant plume has been detected near the small town of Friedrichshagen southeast of Berlin Germany An increased concentration of a contamina tion has been found in the town s two drinking water wells There are two potential sources of the contami nation the first 1s the treatment plant located in an industrial area situated to the northeast of the town The other option is a waste disposal site found to the north west of Friedrichshagen For studying the groundwater threat and potential pollution we need to design run and calibrate a three dimensional groundwater flow and contaminant trans port model of the area First we need to define the model domain The town is surrounded by many natu ral flow boundaries such as rivers and lakes There are two rivers that run north south on either side of Friedrichshagen that can act as the eastern and western boundaries The lake Mueggelsee will limit the model domain to the south The northern boundary runs along an east west flowline north of the two potential sources of the contaminant The geology of the model domain is comprised of Quaterna
11. at very low concentrations will be assigned to the outer borders where water can enter the model The contaminant sources are situated on the top slice Click on EH Mass transport boundaries to enter the menu e Switch to the E Assign tool FW Border EF Mass 1st kind Type the value of 1e 12 mg l into the Keyboard request box Move the cursor in the working window to the north eastern corner of the model Click and hold the left mouse button on the first node at the northeastern border Move the cursor along the model boundary still holding the left mouse button Free the left mouse button All border nodes you have passed should be marked by a blue circle Go on until you reach the last node at the northwestern edge Click the node with the left mouse button Repeat the same procedure for the southern border Exit the function clicking the right mouse button in the working window The model boundary is now set for freshwater condi tions These fresh water conditions have the disadvan tage that outflowing water is set to this concentration too if passing the border A contaminant plume cannot leave the model freely Therefore we will limit the activity of the fresh water conditions by so called Con straints This guarantees that the first kind boundary condition of fresh water is only set when water enters the model inflow On the other hand if an outflow situation occurs at such a constrained boundary the first k
12. your own data they have to be set manually If using ESRI shape files the ID link is not necessary If FEFLOW does not display the alert box please check your file access per missions Writing permis sion in the WASY FEFLOW exercise import export directory is necessary FEFLOW 31 FEFLOW 3D pcpeter Groundwater Mass Transport Model 3D demo_flow_3d fem z Conductivity Koo Conductivity Kyy Conductivity Kzz Density ratio NM Transfer rate Out Unsaturated properties 5 v Polygons Mesh Inspector File Join f cos E Return KEYBOARD REQUEST pee oo Unit 10 4 md Supermesh 3 i mem n1 QI OL Fall A Exaggeration I5 21 Eai a al Slice Layer 3 7 Transport Data Enter the EH Transport Data menu from the Problem Editor This menu contains all editors for defining mass and heat transport parameters Its structure is similar to the Flow Data menu i e you can set initial values boundary conditions and material parameters The Mass transport initials which describe the initial concentration of the model remain on the default value of 0 mg l 32 Demonstration Exercise For 259 polygons time constant database values exist Two joining stategies are available OVERLAY automatic joining or INTERACTIVE using mouse to select a polygon 3 7 1 Mass Transport Boundaries In the Mass transport boundaries menu fresh water conditions
13. E Copy Ef Conductivity Kxx The FEFLOW Data Copier appears KEN TT You will be asked twice by an alert box if you really want to overwrite the current values Select Efl Yes both times Ff Return to close the Data Copier Groundwater Recharge The assignment of the groundwater recharge will be executed using a template showing the areas of differ ent landuses and an ASCII database containing the attribute data The polygon file is linked with the data base Supermesh v Polygons echarge_na e Switch the light blue button from E Layer Related Return 2 to 2 Advanced Layers 1 in the Layers amp Slices browser e Ensure that the W Copy to Kyy Conductivity and Join W Copy to Kzz Conductivity toggles are selected an 0 W Polygon pine Upper pant ortie MENU Em Load below the Polygon option The File FW at all layers Selector pops up pm Start e Choose recharge normal year ply in the Files list 30 Demonstration Exercise Feflow File Selector x m C WASYSFEFLOW demo import export ply C WASYSFEFLOW tutorial import export C WASYSFEFLOW demo_project import expori Okay to leave the file selector Now the Parameter Association window becomes visible On the left hand side the field names of the database are listed On the right hand side the FEFLOW parame ters are shown Two pipelines connect the right hand list with the left hand side The polygon IDs are li
14. account the drainable porosity FEFLOW 35 3 8 Reference Data e Import points The file selector pops up Now you will import the observation points from an At last you should set some observation points to the ASCII database top slice For the points all resulting data such as Choose demo obs pnts pnt hydraulic heads or contaminant concentrations are visualized online in diagrams during the simulation run Em OK The points are loaded and visualized as col ored circles Leave the reference data editor for the Problem edi Ef Reference data tor by clicking on the two E Return buttons Ff Observation single points FEFLOW 3D pcpeter Groundwater Mass Transport Model 3D demo_transport_3d fem cK AEN NEO XC V V Po POR ees aves i Per Ly IVA VAT AA Po a NISL iy D ih Von LA I NUS INO feflow feflow feflow feflow feflow feflow feflow feflow feflow feflow feflow feflow feflow feflow feflow feflow feflow feflow feflow feflow KEYBOARD REQUEST agas IS SPA SESS PENS ORR aX TAA DOEN VA 5 DU a GAASS Kd i d CA VA ON ODDO ay L ACA A 1 Eu yt VA TA A AC E XY SV DON EDO AAS 7 LAG St o IS KI M CN ravi TALS E NS PKS g AARAA SOOO ASA Mund X CN M E gt gt KR Ap RS NV 7 PA SE G CLIE VAR A CERES CEC Re ete
15. cesses It provides a powerful method to remove numerical oscillations around abrupt fronts of the con tamination adding a minimal amount of numerical dis persion Numerical damping is only performed in the vicinity of sharp gradients Outside the fronts numeri cal dispersion vanishes or becomes significantly reduced compared to other upwinding methods e g full upwinding FW Shock capturing upwinding method at the lower right corner of the window HI Okay to exit Temporal amp Control Data 3 5 3D Slice Elevation The 3D Slice Elevation Menu allows you to define the slices based on real world z elevations by regionaliza tion of irregularly distributed data points i e from borehole logging Database regionalization of all initial values boundary conditions and material parameters can be assigned on the model as described for the z ele vations of the slices 3D Slice elevation to enter the Slice Elevations Menu In the Layer configurator we had set the top slice to 1000 m and the lower slices with a vertical spacing of 100 m each Now we will pull down the slices to their real world elevations by assigning the corre sponding z elevations To avoid intersection we begin at the lowest slice Lodenst i5 Select slice 4 by clicking on the corresponding num ber in the Layers amp Slices browser at the lower left side of the screen In the browser the left column lists the numbers of layers whil
16. describes the data flow for all material data The data flow in the upper list for the initial and boundary conditions is set automatically by FEFLOW The information of the old slice 2 will be inherited by the new slices 2 3 and 4 The data flow in the lower list for the materials data describes the same data char acteristics from the old bottom layer lower aquifer to the new layers 2 3 and 4 For our example we will change the links Go to the lower Data flow for layers list Click E in the left column represents the aqui tard e Click El in the right column A line will now con nect the old layer 2 with the new layer 3 The data are inherited e Click E in the right colum A line will now con nect the old layer 2 with the new layer 4 The resulting data flow lists should look like the fig ure to the right 38 Demonstration Exercise Em OK to exit the Layer configurator Exit the Problem editor for the top Shell menu by clicking on the various Ef Return buttons EXPANDING data for new slicest 3 gg Ss I EXPANDING data for new lauers The Simulator In this step the simulation run is performed Enter the simulator via the amp Simulator shell menu by selecting amp g Run Start the simulation by clicking on EH Re Run simulator Notice that FEFLOW automatically gener ates various windows that detail the ongoing results for the wells observation points hydrau
17. e ue 4 es 9 e es 3 0 38 0 0 EAT EE AUN eter 33538 EEE L HERE EEN RE PE 0 SSE EEE 3 eaten pon EE EEE REE WE um eater ses m REDE x Miti ppp 2338 0 REE ES EERE EES 5 B P s nnn RTE EEE EEE ES EEE River Neuenhagener Muhlenflie amp Friedrichshagen HEHEHE HEHE E en ius uem 2 3335 e d e e e oe e 47 e d e 3 e tt xs x NEUE MN METUS 9 ENNIO 0 guts tese e e 5 E 4 iios E d e 0 d Mum e es 3 en e SE DELE 7 00 e ee nd 6 e 3 es 7 7 es 0 es es 3 2s 4 ea Be 25 bes Ratatat um MEAT ARES MANERA WEE IIIE EEE IIIE ES EE ES ex ee een ex 00 tetas Sun 9 Sos es 0 n MENU MEER p e 35 00 ee Lake M ggelsee aee Se 0 s 3 9 2o eet 5 E 8 fate TN 2 9 2s e 85 oC 2s det 7 2o es ded L 0 Meet e n PX Stet HE det eren rere Bee e ets xS es 2 s x seen IEEE 0 n HIE AEE a bos FEFLOW 7 8 Demonstration Exercise Getting Started 2 1 Starting FEFLOW We assume that FEFLOW has been successfully installed on your system For details of the installation process please refer to the booklet of your FEFLOW CD
18. is context sensitive so that you always get support on the currently active functions FEFLOW 9 FEFLOW 3D pcpeter Groundwater Mass Transport Model 3D demo_transport_3d fem File Edit Run Postprocess IFM Options Dimension Tools Window Info o BE feflow feflow feflow fe 5 feflow feflow feflow feflow feflow feflow feflow feflow feflow feflow feflow feflow p XS VA SES SUN co SO Sy v I A g GO i 97 NRS FA feno feno fano ffi EUN Eee fino feflow feflow f de 3 M ars ee AV CE feflow feflow feflow fet 3 L2 d YAVAPAI U LATE a YAT Viv bg F 1 ID EL CE KA NS NS 3 feflow feflow feflow feflow mS RUE ATE RERI v 25 ep SEEDS E CX feflow feflow feflow feflow 1 HERERO ets NN ae star pese feflow feflow feflow INZSSRES SERS DX LOK D fef 5 EIS fie fi Ag ag c va 0 n Z ZSS REA e S AVA 47 c A4 ES soma AAA cL Kx EL ASIN SC es NS SERN ANN IK 3 3 ei KA AN EV EXCLUT T gt ey 2 A i va SH gra m tet Vets rs TY EK LAN me lt gt KARIN
19. mesh2 4 fem s gflux s2d c fem s gflux s3d c fem Desktop S qmass_s2d_c fem qmass s3d c fem s qmass_s3d_u fem s qmass_t2d_u fem My Documents My Computer My Network Places File name Files of type Feflow FEM Files fem v Directory D Program Files WASY FEFLOW 5 0 demoi tutori FEFLOW 11 The FEFLOW File Selector appears The uppermost field called the Filter displays the current directory path FEFLOW automatically searches for map data in the directory called importt export The Map type field allows you to choose between different file formats The Files field displays all available files of the seleced map type in the current directory To navigate between directories use the Directories field Click a directory for opening it navigate to the parent direc tory clicking You can find the files for this exer cise in the project directory WASY FEFLOW exercise The maps are stored in the subdirectory import export select model area lin in the Files list fA OK The Map Measure Menu appears The Map Measure Menu allows you to define the extent of the back ground maps and the coordinates of the Working Win dow fm Attach area in the center of the window The attach area button references all additional maps to the attached map coordinates Efi Okay to import the map FEFLOW automatically georeferences and scales the working window
20. pcpeter Groundwater Mass Transport Model 3D qmass_s3d_c fem Sinuidator Run m Re Run simulator Editfmodify problem l Halt and view results Fluid flux analyzer Content analyzer 2000 4000 6000 8000 LI E TT Elapsed time d 2000 E Problem summary Help 12 Exit to master menu feflow feflow feflow feflow fef Lou fef Low fef Low fef low 0 D 0 0 0 0 ee 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 gt gt gt 4 woken See eee eee Balanced fluid flux m3 d Balanced mass flux g d o rr on mg l 6 528e 02 6 193e 00 1 245e 01 1 871e 01 2 497e 01 3 123e 01 748e 01 4 374e 01 5 000e 01 Local mass 2000 4000 5000 8000 Elapsed time dl Average Mass mg l 0 08 0 07 EXTR 18 8 m d mer adi Se ee et r ES De ao a 9 0 Ex ation 2000 4000 6000 8000 sd j i Elapsed time d Layers Slices Finite Element Mesh x Hydraulic Head m x Nodes np 4 Elements ine 40825 3D Options e Elapsed time d ime increment d 40 Demonstration Exercise The Postprocessor In this last step all the postprocessing is done The results are visualized in 2D as well as in 3D the budget is computed and particle tracking is performed The postp
21. the wells as boundary conditions of 4th kind with a time constant discharge rate The pro cedure is the same as before E Join EF Well 4th kind type a value of 1 000 m d into the Keyboard request box Zoom Pan Default extent Back to last extent Move the cursor over one of the Add ins The under lying mesh node should be highlighted by a red square Click the left mouse button to set the boundary con dition with the defined discharge rate exactly on the Add in Repeat this step for the second Add in Once completed click the right mouse button to exit this function FEFLOW 27 gt 28 Demonstration Exercise We will now assign a value of zero 0 to the wells on all other slices That causes the discharge rate speci fied on the first slice to be distributed automatically on the different slices Select the next slice in the Layers amp Slices browser located below the Zoom option by clicking on the Slices number Repeat the previous steps for each slice using a value of 0 for the wells Click Return to exit the Flow boundaries menu A 3 6 3 Flow Materials The Flow Materials Menu allows you to edit all mate rial parameters which have to be set for modeling a groundwater flow problem Ef Flow materials The menu structure is similar to the Flow Boundaries menu Upper Aquifer The conductivity of the upper aquifer will be imported from borehole samp
22. to the co ordinates of the background map and displays the map in the working window Next we will import a map showing the landuse of the area Click anywhere on the green colored part on the left of the screen The Quick Access menu appears e Holding the left mouse button select amp j Add map from the menu The FEFLOW File Selector pops up select landuse lin from the Files list pf Okay 12 Demonstration Exercise Feflow Map Measure Menu Fa Reardon 3403722 76 ESTA eI The Map Measure window pops up EH Okay to import the map Do not attach the area a second time as the extent of the landuse map differs from the extent of our model area We have now imported the required maps for our investigation and proceed to the generation of the superelement mesh FEFLOW is also capable of importing other file formats as background maps including GIS shp and CAD dxf data as well as raster images tif If necessary images can be referenced via the FEMAP assistant that is included with FEFLOW 3 1 2 Designing the Superelement Mesh To define outer and inner borders of the finite element model a so called superelement mesh is constructed The superelement mesh will provide the basic structure of the model Designing the superelement mesh is accomplished via the Mesh Editor located in the Edit menu of the Shell 855 Edit in the top bar of the Shell menu E Design superelement
23. 0e 001 2 450e 001 2 980e 001 3 470e 001 3 980e 001 4 490e 001 5 000e 001 gt B m dl e Click pm Edit below the Line sections amp seg ments entry and hold the mouse button a E Draw segments Now you have to draw the line for the cross sec tion s on the working window Refer to the follow 42 Demonstration Exercise figure 3 3 ft d d i ae Pad zd 3 lt 2 NC N ie A j o A x poe uu Click the start point for the cross section on the model Digitize the cross section by clicking on the model Click the right mouse button to end the editing of a line The line gets an ID number Click with the right mouse button a second time The Results Viewer reappears Now we will define an isoline contour for the hydraulic head along the cross section that also shows the veloci ties at the nodes FW Lined contours in the upper left part of the win dow FW Line sections amp segments PH Segments 5 2D The indicates additional visualization of velocity vectors at the nodes Click with the right mouse button The Results Viewer reappears We will now analyze the flow pathlines to the wells using the particle tracking option Switch to Slice 3 in the Layers amp Slices browser at the lower left side of the screen to start the pathlines from this nodal plain FW Particle tracking
24. WASY Software FEFLOW Finite Element Subsurface Flow amp Transport Simulation System Demonstration Exercise WASY Institute for Water Resources Planning and Systems Research Ltd Copyright notice No part of this manual may be photocopied reproduced or translated without written permission of the developer and distributor WASY GmbH Copyright c 2004 WASY GmbH Berlin all rights reserved WASY and FEFLOW are registered trademarks of WASY GmbH WASY Institute for Water Resources Planning and System Research Ltd Waltersdorfer StraBe 105 D 12526 Berlin Germany Phone 49 30 67 99 98 0 Fax 49 30 67 99 98 99 E Mail mail wasy de ii Demonstration Exercise Contents 1 Introduction 4 6 6 ioc ko 64 4 wa S OOO ESSE S EERE HEN OOS Ow RO exo HESS D About FERLOW uci oa ot yup ee eee ieee Seed ee 5 1 3 Terms and Notations 004 6 Scope and Structure 00006 6 1 4 Model Scenario llle 6 NA Poe digo rig TTC 2 1 Starting FEFOW is escoger ei Re eo i ede 9 22 The FEFLOW Graphical User Interface 9 3 Setting up The Model 44s rior dE Ex CRX ARE YU RE RE XZAd Rx ESewE TI 3 1 Creating the Finite Element Mesh 11 3 6 FIOW Dalai aceon tbat eee obese 23 3 1 1 Loading Background Maps 11 3 6 1 PIOW IE tekst am oe ang demam e dura abd ind 23 3 1 2 Designing the Superelement Mesh 13 3 62 Flo
25. alues Yes EF Return to close the Data Copier F8 Return to exit the Flow Initials Menu 3 6 2 Flow Boundaries We should enter the Flow boundaries menu now and set the boundary conditions for our model The picture below shows all parts of the menu Head 1st kind Flux 2nd kind J Transfer E rind Well 4th kind Erasing Time varying function ID s ar dili Rubberbox Database a qus Modal yes Inspector li A Border Return Units We set the northern boundary condition first which describes the northern hills In this exercise for the sake of simplicity we will assume a reasonable hydrau lic potential along this border Therefore we will set a constant hydraulic head of 46 m E Assign FW Border EFI Head 1st kind FEFLOW 25 If you have assigned U too many nodes simply select the Nodal option in the Assign tool click on the Hydraulic Head button go to the head boundary conditions you want to delete and click on each unwanted node Click the right mouse button to exit e To be able to write cevaoorn REQUEST the value into the 46 000000 Keyboard request Unit box click into the box or hit the TAB key Type 46 in the Keyboard Request box and hit the Return key Move the cursor to the working window Click the left mouse button over the northeastern corner of the model OO SN E AA Nit RC
26. and Boundary Condi tions are handled differently for fluxes For Constraint Conditions Inflows are pos itive Outflows are neg ative For Boundary Conditions Inflows are negative Outflows are positive FEFLOW 33 at the sewage treatment plant to the west and the waste disposal site to the east Press the Return key First move the mouse to the sewage facility west side directly over the Add in line Notice that the line becomes highlighted Click the left mouse button to assign the contaminant concentration Repeat the step for the waste disposal facility east side Click the right mouse button to exit the function We will now copy these boundary conditions to all remaining slices 34 Demonstration Exercise E Copy Em Mass 1st kind The Data Copier appears FEFLOW 3D pcpeter Groundwater Mass Mass Boundaries Mass Ist kind Flux 2nd kind Transfer 3rd kind Well 4th kind Erasing feflow fef Low fef Low feflow KEYBOARD REQUEST ation D Notice the possibility to copy boundary conditions with or without the related constraint conditions Choose the option 2 Boundary conditions with related constraints if exist FW to ALL remaining slices Em Start A FEFLOW alert box pops up Select EH Yes to overwrite the values Em Return to exit the Data Copier We will now leave the Boundaries menu and enter the Mass transport materials
27. ayers you need three slices the top slice the dividing slice between the two layers and the bottom Slice Initial conditions and boundary conditions are assigned to the nodes on Slices while material param eters are assigned to ele ments in layers FEFLOW 17 In our case the upper aquifer is limited by the ground surface and by an aquitard at the bottom The second aquifer is situated below the aquitard underlain by a clay layer of unknown vertical extension We will cre ate the slices necessary for the stratigraphy of the exist ing area first In the Reference data box enter an e elevation for the top slice at 1000 m in the Ele vation field and a decrement of 100 m in the Decrement field This will set the top slice of the model at an elevation of 1000 m with all remaining slices set with a vertical distance of 100 m apart These settings will prevent slices from intersecting when assigning real z eleva tions from borehole data We will now specify the 3D layers In the Number of layers input box insert a value of Ey 3 Press Return to add the layers The number of slices automatically changes to 4 slices As you can see the 3D Layer Configurator offers many other tools some of which we will need later in this exercise The online Help supplies you with more detailed information about the functionalities Okay to exit the menu 18 Demonstration Exercise 3 3 Problem Class To de
28. blem Classifier The model now describes an unconfined flow amp mass transport problem with moving grid properties 1 e the mesh will follow the moving groundwater table avoid ing that mesh elements get partially saturated or even Feflow Problem Classifier x 9 j Ifyou have skipped the previous steps please load the file demo 3d fem via the Load finite element problem option from the File menu before beginning this exer cise FEFLOW 19 3 4 Temporal amp Control Data In the Temporal amp Control Data Menu all parameters related to time and time varying functions are defined or imported Also the error norms and the upwinding technique for suppressing numerical oscillations are esee here Feflow Temporal amp Control Data Menu 20 Demonstration Exercise For our purpose we will set the parameters for the time stepping during the simulation run The simula tion should run over 20 years by using the automatic time step control option and the shock capturing upwinding method for the mass transport simulation Temporal amp Control Data to open the corre sponding window Automatic time step control via predictor cor rector schemes 0 001 days e Input an initial time step length of 199 e Input a final time of 7 7300 days We will now select the Shock capturing upwinding method which adds a nonlinear anisotropic damping factor to stabilize convection dominant transport pro
29. cycler window Em Return to exit the 3D slice elevation menu FEFLOW 3D pcpeter Groundwater Mass Transport Model 3D demo_transport_3d dac File informatio Background maps View results at 7300e 003 d cae Budget 3 331e 001 NELILIII MN dco Special operations 4 051e 001 Reflect about symmetric plane pase History of observation points 4 771e 001 Recreate 7 8 w a Fetiow s Tricycler Continue H Exit to m4 JUU JUJ E m d E Low n Low 3 6 Flow Data The Flow Data section controls all the necessary input parameters for the groundwater flow model The Flow data menu consists of three submenus the Flow ini tials the Flow boundaries and the Flow materials menus Click on the corresponding buttons to enter the submenus Ff Flow Data to enter the first level of the Flow Data Menu 3 6 1 Flow Initials The Flow initials menu allows you to assign the groundwater surface at the beginning of the transient simulation run Em Flow initials B3 Database to import previously prepared point data Ff Hydraulic head The Database regionalization window pops up FEFLOW 23 In the Methods of regionalization we select the Akima Import database The file selector appears interpolation technique again e Choose demo head ini trp from the Files list F3 Akima inter extrapolation Ef Okay e Switch to E Linear e Start The regionalization will execute the inter
30. e the right column lists the number of slices As the database for the z elevations is georeferenced in global cartesian coordinates we have to make sure the global system 15 set Click the coordinates box in the lower left corner of the screen and choose M Global cartesian COORDINATES Local Cartesian Global Cartesian Relative polar Geographic DEG To import z elevations for a slice based on borehole data we have to enter the Database Regionalization Menu WI Database option at the right side of the mesh inspector EF z Coordinates An alert box pops up asking if you want to overwrite the existing values fm Yes In the Data Regionalization Menu different interpola tion methods for sample data are offered Feflow Database Regionalization Menu x cs Fete g technique ighboring points O 4 and lt max triplets jo Akima inter i TA ima inter extrapolation Export tine oonstant da Linear with neighboring points gt 2 and lt 28 3 ET Noc puer maximum mini point values per cent MT PETER Inverse distage weighting v Kri FW Akima inter extrapolation Linear In the neighboring points field type 3 Only the nearest three neighboring data points will be used for the interpolation FEFLOW 21 22 Demonstration Exercise In the Acceptable over undershooting field type 0 This a
31. fine the parameters of the model we enter the Problem Editor Menu All existing parameters are set to default values We will only modify the most important of these parameters To enter the Problem Editor E Edit Edit problem attributes the Problem Edi tor appears According to the FEFLOW philosophy the most effi cient procedure to build a model is to work from the uppermost menu entry down to the lower ones In the Problem Class window we will define the principal type of the FEFLOW model For our pur poses we need transient flow with mass transport for an unconfined aquifer using the BASD moving grid tech nique For information about BASD click on the Help button in the Free surface editor and follow the link to the Theory section Problem class to enter the Problem Classifier Since we are conducting a transient flow transient mass transport model perform the following settings W Flow and E Mass Transport FW Transient flow transient transport P3 Unconfined phreatic aquifer s Fm Edit free surface s The Free surfaces editor appears This will allow us to define the hydrogeo logic properties of the slices Set movable free surface on top Now the top slice will follow the groundwater surface Set unspecified where possible These slices will be distributed according to the moving ground water surface and the stratigraphy E Apply EH Okay to exit the Pro
32. g slices pm Start You will be asked by an alert box if you really want to overwrite the current values Yes e Click EH Return to close the Copier menu The western and eastern borders of the model have not been assigned any values so far Usually the rivers would be described by the third kind boundary condi tion Transfer For this exercise let us assume the boundaries to be impervious That means we do not have to prescribe any boundary condition at these bor ders Once you have assigned the head boundary condi tions for the northern and southern borders of our model assign the wells with their specific extraction rate Switch to the Join tool FW Supermesh e Load below the Supermesh option The file selector appears The selected supermesh will act as a frame for the finite element mesh It contains the polygon describing the outer boundaries of the model and the Add ins for the exact positioning of the pumping wells and the con taminant sources waste disposal site sewage treatment plant e Choose demo smh in the Files list Ff Okay e Now the imported supermesh including the Add ins is displayed in the working window The wells boundary condi tions should be set on the southern part of the model where the two Add in points are positioned For a more accurate setting of the wells you can zoom into this area using the zoomer icons found among the information boxes We will now set
33. he screen The Quick Access menu should appear Holding the left mouse button select Add map from the menu The FEFLOW File Selector appears The uppermost field called the Filter displays the current directory path The Files field displays all the available files of the seleced map type select mass src lin in the Files list the background map which describes the locations of the contami nant sources at the sewage treatment plant and the waste disposal Em OK The Map Measure Menu appears Okay to load the map Two small lines are dis played on the model 14 Demonstration Exercise The well locations are imported from a pnt ASCII point file format E Add map from the Quick Access Menu e Select E ASCII Point pnt from the map type list Repeat the steps described above for the background map demo wells pnt Now we activate the two background maps as Add ins EH Add in lines points 5 mass src lin as the background map P Active The map is now activated Ff Add lines from map The lines are imported as Add ins automatically Repeat these steps to include two pumping wells located in the southern portion of the map Use 5 demo wells pnt for this purpose P Inactive FW Active Ff Add point from map The supermesh should look like the figure below Ef Continue mesh design 5 P B 1 7 0 Hy E ES f M
34. iF z WWW PEO KATO E XE da BARITA KS NL DS Se NEG PAOA WOO E VP OS SAVA VAVA S Uc Oa Poe Measure n VIS SENS ETC OOo HE PERS aan ae A ERE RE OO EAR re ROO CA 94 CEREALS SOIC Enc Exaggerat ion Pap di 4 Sa a AE BRAC DER KR BTS Y SEEKER RASS NOK DATES PES CN MA SEO K TAVAN IAEI AAOS kA Tay ENA i 7 LIT K OCS K 2 VV WD SKS EIS a v i S Kd ET NU CEU TRD NI Slice 1 Layer 1 3D Options Pm Y 10 Demonstration Exercise Setting up the Model In this step the FEFLOW model is built from scratch We begin creating the finite element mesh extend the mesh to the third dimension and assign all parameters needed for simulating a flow and mass transport problem 3 1 Creating the Finite Element Mesh 3 1 1 Loading Background Maps To define the model area and to construct the superele ment mesh we need to load background maps This can be accomplished by using the Quick Access menu Click anywhere on the green colored part at the left side of the screen The Quick Access menu appears QUICK ACCESS Save superelemient mesh u Save finite element problem Add map ig Suspend license Print 3 iB Help Quit lt Alt F4 gt Holding the left mouse button select amp y Add map from the menu Lookin C3 femdata 3 mesh2_2 fern My Recent mesh2_3 fem Documents si
35. ind boundary condition of fresh water is auto matically switched off and the contaminant mass can freely outflow if boundary is open for convection For detailed information see the Reference Manual We assign for northern and southern borders a complemen tary minimum constraint of 0 m d mg l Click on the Ef arrow sign right of the Mass 1st kind button The corresponding Constraint Condi tions menu becomes visible O Min Inf Max m Time constant _ Input the Min constraint of 0 mg l m d in the first row Click on the Min toggle left of the input field for activating the setting Click on pm Mass 1st kind Assign the constraint along the northern and south ern border As the border option is not available here keep the left mouse button pressed and try to move the mouse over all border nodes Leave the Constraints menu via the Ef arrow signed button Next we will assign the boundary conditions for the two contamination sources the sewage water treatment plant and the waste disposal site which are placed in the northern part of the model Join FW Supermesh EH Load below the Supermesh option The file selector pops up e Choose demo smh from the Files list pm Okay button Now the supermesh including the Add ins is displayed pm Mass 1st kind Enter a value of 500 mg l in the Keyboard request box in order to represent contaminant release Constraint
36. ine or uncou pled variably saturated transient or steady state flow mass and heat transport in subsurface water resources with or without one or multiple free surfaces FEFLOW can be efficiently used to describe the spatial and temporal distribution of groundwater con taminants to model geothermal processes to estimate the duration and travel times of pollutants in aquifers to plan and design remediation strategies and intercep tion techniques and to assist in designing alternatives and effective monitoring schemes Through a sophisticated interface communication between FEFLOW and GIS applications such as ArcInfo ArcView and ArcGIS for ASCII and binary vector and grid formats is available The integrated Interface Manager IFM provides a comfortable interface for the coupling of external code or even external programs to FEFLOW It has been used to implement the parameter estima tor PEST in FEFLOW FEFLOW is available for WINDOWS systems as well as for different UNIX platforms Since its creation in 1979 FEFLOW has been con tinuously improved The FEFLOW source code 15 writ ten in ANSI C C and contains more than 1 100 000 lines FEFLOW is used worldwide as a high end groundwater modeling tool at universities research institutes government offices and engineering compa nies For additional information about FEFLOW contact your local distributor or have a look at the FEFLOW web site www feflow info
37. information 3D Pathline Controller Browse file View results at 7 300e 003 d Budget Fluid flux analyzer Reflect about symmetric plane History of observation points Recreate To problem editor Continue simulation A EPI Help ETE ES 5E 3D Options 46 Demonstration Exercise Em Start on 2D slice Insert 2 in the Current slice field Em Start new pathlines The selected slice 1s visu alized The cursor is in the zoom mode Click with the right mouse button to deactivate the Zoomer Click any number of arbitrary points in the northern part of the model Each point will be a starting point for a pathline Click with the right mouse button The visualization is executed Feflow s Tricycler E 5 2 2 3D lsosurfaces The visualization of isosurfaces gives the predicted plume of the contaminant plume Visualize now an Isosurface for mass concentration Fm 3D Options hold the mouse button E Visualize The 3D Pathline Controller is opened E Isosurfaces Ez Mass C A mean isosurface for the mass concentration is visual ransport Model 3D demo transport 3d dac Background maps Brow se file Feflow s Tricycler x 16 Fa Fay Bosco Layers Slices ges A Y uw n ized For defining different isosurfaces just e click EH Properties in the Tricyler The Properties menu pops up click the General folder and insert the isosurface va
38. les stored in an ASCII database syntax X coordinate Y coordinate Conductivity The method used is similar to the assignment of z ele vations in the 3D Slice elevation menu Ensure that the E Assign tool is set W Database EH Conductivity Kxx The Database regionaliza tion Window appears FW Akima inter extrapolation Set the number of neighbors to 3 and the over undershooting to 0 Em Import time constant data Choose conduc2d trp from the Files list Ef Okay pm Start in the Data Regionalization window FEFLOW will now inter extrapolate from the borehole data and will display the resulting distribution as a con tour map of conductivities see figure to the right The contours of our example show low conductivities near the northern hills and a high conductivity flow channel going down from the north to the south dividing the model domain into two equal halfs Click the right mouse button after the interpolation is finished northern hills 5 Lab lake M ggelsee You can visualize the results of the interpolation as col ored fringes Show EF Conductivity Kxx The value distribution is dis played Vanish Ff Conductivity Kxx FEFLOW resets to normal view We will now specify the storativity drainable porosity for the layer e Assign B3 Global This will assign the same value to the entire layer Fm Storativity drain fillable Here you as
39. lic head and con taminant concentrations These windows display the results as diagrams For the possibilities of editing the diagram properties please see the online help The transient simulation will require approximately 10 minutes on a Pentium III 1 1 GHz If you don t want to wait we have already prepared a results file which you can view in the Postprocessor Menu Having interrupted or completed the simulation you can analyze the results of the current time step with the options offered in the Halt amp View Results menu isoline maps velocities particle tracking data export the Budget analyzer the Fluid flux analyzer or in the spatial operations window The same possibili ties are available in the Postprocessor where analyzing is enabled for all of the saved time steps FH Return to exit the Simulator If you have skipped the previous steps please load the file demo transport 3d fem via the Load finite element problem option from the File menu before beginning this exercise You can stop the 7 simulation by press S ing Esc Restart by clicking on Re Run simulator You can perform a steady flow steady transport simula tion to save time In this case switch the Problem class to Steady flow steady transport and change the Maximum number of itera tions per time step in the Temporal amp control data window to 15 FEFLOW 39 FEFLOW 3D
40. lue e g 50 mg l press the Return key The isosurface is displayed In the Components part of the Tricycler you can switch the different isosurfaces on and off To exit the 3D Options menu simply click on the pm Exiting rotation button located in the lower right corner of the Tricycler menu FEFLOW 47 5 3 Final Remarks This completes the FEFLOW Demonstration Exercise Please take some time to familiarize yourself with the many features offered by FEFLOW As a next step for getting introduced to FEFLOW we recommend to go through the Tutorial which you can find in the second part of the User s Manual For further questions please refer to the online Help found in all menus and windows by hitting F1 or clicking the Help button For information on special topics please have a look at the FEFLOW documentation which you find on your FEFLOW CD in the doc directory If you are in pos session of a FEFLOW license you have gotten the doc umentation in book form too Pay attention to the following documents in particular User s manual users manual pdf FEFLOW handling tutorial for advanced users introduction to the interface manager IFM Reference manual reference manual pdf all the theory behind FEFLOW White Papers Vol I and II white papers voll pdf and white papers vol2 pdf papers on special topics benchmarks numerical methods etc Browse to http www feflow info for up to date infor mati
41. mages are based on this refine ment need to import a polygon map containing a polygon for the area that you want to refine To do this Click anywhere in the green colored part on the left of the screen The Quick Access menu appears Holding the left mouse button select amp j Add map The FEFLOW File Selector appears 5 ASCII Polys ply at the Map Type list demo refine ply in the Files list Efi Okay The Map Measure Menu appears Efi Okay to import the map The area that we want to refine is shown as a colored polygon There are several different possibilities for refining the mesh The simplest one is the Rubberbox option The tools button is set on Assign by default H Rubberbox Ff Mesh Enrichment and hold the left mouse but ton e Select Refine from the small pop up menu and release the left mouse button Click to set the upper left corner of the rubberbox Move the cursor over the model until the light blue rubberbox covers the area of the polygon background map Click again to set the lower right corner of the rub berbox The mesh refinement is executed To undo the mesh refinement select amp Derefine instead of Refine You can switch the background maps off by selecting the Map Manager from the Quick Access menu We leave the Mesh Geometry Editor Em Return Fm Exit to master menu 16 Demonstration Exercise 3 2 The 3rd Di
42. mension Up to this point you have designed the geometry of a two dimensional model The following steps describe how to introduce the third dimension into your model using FEFLOW A three dimensional finite element model consists of a number of nodal planes called slices These slices can generally be regarded as the top or bottom planes of the geological layers 3 2 1 Designing Slices and Layers E Dimension Feflow 3D Layer Configurator II 3D Layer_configurator 3 Three dimensional 3D The 3D Layer Config urator pops up See figure below The 3D Layer Configurator controls the basic settings for the 3D model the number of layers and slices the data inheritance between slices or layers and the relative position between the slices The assignment of the real z coordinates is done later in the 3D slice elevation editor You will now define the number of layers slices you need for this model Of course the number may be changed afterwards if necessary LA En zmax 0 00 m 1 0 00 EXPANDING data for new slices 5 1 00 zmint 1 00 m EXPANDING data for new layers w If you have skipped the previous steps please load the file demo 2d fem via the Load finite element problem ES option from the File menu before beginning this exer cise When modeling one layer you need two Slices the top and bottom slice When model ing two l
43. menu Em Return Em Mass transport materials 3 7 2 Mass Transport Materials All material parameters concerning mass transport are set in the Mass Transport Materials Menu We will first assign the values for the total porosity of the aquifer for the top layer Assign W Global Em Porosity A FEFLOW alert box appears Select pm Yes to overwrite the default value globally Input a value of 0 2 in the Keyboard request box Press the Return key and leave the function hitting the right mouse button Aquifer thickness Sorption Henn Coeff Molecular diffusion Transverse dispersivity Decayrate In Transfer rate Out Global Elemental Mesh pe Rubberbox gn Database Return qr Vanish EST As the next step we specify the contaminant mass transport dispersivity for our model Assign FW Global E Longitudinal dispersivity Em Yes Input a longitudinal dispersivity value of 70 m in the Keyboard request box Press the Return key and leave the function hitting the right mouse button Repeat the steps for pm Transverse dispersivity assigning a value of 2 5m Copy the dispersivity values to all layers using the Copy tool Exit the Transport data menu by selecting Fm Return and go up to the Problem Editor Menu Porosity as a mass transport material property means the total porosity in contrast to the storativ ity value of the flow materials which only takes into
44. mesh The Mesh Editor menu appears along the left hand side of the window For this exercise we use the so called New mesh editor which will replace the former one in the future In the moment both editors are imple mented in FEFLOW as the new one does not contain all necessary features until now Er New mesh editor to model area lin in the Snap to line Em m activates the line snapping mode We must now define the outside boundary of our model Ff Add polygons The cursor becomes a crosshair ps ee poy RA webs Fe 332 733 PAKE iE E Add polygons Add line add ins Add point add ins Snap to Help Stop editing Move the cursor to the outline of the model area back ground map in the working window If the cursor 5 within the snap distance to the outline the correspond ing part of the background map becomes red Nodes should be set at fairly equal intervals around the perimeter of the model area Define the nodes by clicking the left mouse button along the model out line Where you set a node of a superelement FEFLOW will also create a finite element node This is important for the exact assigning of boundary conditions When you return to the first node close the polygon by clicking the first node marked by a red arrow a second time The enclosed polygon area is displayed in a shaded gray color The superelement mesh can be saved separately using the Quick Access me
45. nalyzed for a special time step or over a defined time period 3 Budget analyzer The Budget analyzer opens As default B Fluid flux mass and 198 Total bal ancing on all inner and outer boundaries balance checking are selected Start The total balancing of the model for the current time step is executed e Click the right mouse button to exit the budget func tion Note that FEFLOW has drawn blue and red circles on the model Red circles show nodes where water enters the model and blue circles indicate water leaving the model The diameter of the circles shows the relative quantity In addition a window has popped up displaying block diagrams for the in and out flow due to the different boundary conditions and groundwater recharge The last column shows the imbalance loss or surplus of the model S 5686566 04 8 260000e 04 5 2 3D Options Menu For a detailed 3D description of our model and to review all parameters we exit to the main menu You can enter the 3D options menu from either the Shell menu the Postprocessor or the Problem Editor You enter the 3D Options menu via the green pm 3D Options button at the lower left side of the screen below the Layers amp Slices browser e Click pm 3D Options and hold the mouse button Ez Visualize Fringes Ez Materials E Kxx ass Transport Model 3D demo_transport_3d dac File information Background maps
46. nked with the field ID of the database The data of the MEAN field is linked to the FEFLOW parameter In outflow on top bottom You can add and remove links However for this demo exercise just click Okay Flow BC Well 4st kind Flow initials Heat aquifer thickness Heat BC Flux 2st kind Heat BC Head 1st kind Heat BC Transfer 3st kind Heat BC Well 4st kind Heat conductivity of solid Heat porosity Heat source sink of fluid Heat source sink of solid Heat transport initials Infoutflow on top bottom Influx transfer rate Longitudinal dispersivity Mass BC Flux 2st kind 10 4 m d The polygon file is displayed as template in the working window EH In out flow on top An alert box appears telling you the different database link options see next page Ef Overlay in the alert box The database values will automatically be assigned to the model For detailed information about this database link see the FEFLOW online help click the right mouse button Now leave the Flow materials and Flow data menus by hitting Ef Return two times You have created an executable transient flow problem now Changing the problem class to flow only and eventually to steady flow allows you to make a first trial on the simulation and to skip the next sections regarding the transport parameter settings The links have been set before during the preparation of the exercise data For using
47. nu Save superelement mesh This allowes to keep the basic data for generating sev eral finite element meshes for the same area Further more a superelement mesh can be reloaded as template for assigning problem attributes on the corresponding model as described below You can undo the last digitized nodes by return ing to a recently drawn node and hitting the left mouse button This action is indicated by the cursor symbol FEFLOW 13 q 2 EE FE 5 1 7 lp d C i a B d e 5 s j By P d mA I 7 d a 7 P gp d B 9 8 ji ze T 3 b of Z4 x9 ob p ii A fa 1 y 6 _ a diem HRS EN gut 7 UR b L z g E f 3 p g d 8 Gy 4 1 1 Pu B B 1 it of d 5 AENG ct T NN lt d 1 WR ES Jj 3 Jo oye Oa Leen de 4 2 Sd ae RR Ifc 8 e r 8 By creating the polygon you have defined the outer border of the model Leave the the New mesh editor via Em Stop editing Next we will import the so called Add ins Add ins are lines or points which FEFLOW uses as focal points to create finite element nodes during the mesh generation Add ins are very useful to position bound ary conditions like contaminant mass sources or wells in exact locations First we have to load background maps containing the location of the Add ins Click anywhere on the green colored part of t
48. on concerning current releases FAQs etc If you wish to attend a training course on the app plication of FEFLOW please contact your local distrib utor or WASY for proposed dates and course programs 48 Demonstration Exercise
49. rocessor allows the user to evaluate analyze and export the computational results Additionally the Postprocessor Menu controls all saved time steps of the simulation and allows a continuation of the simulation from the last time stage To use the postprocessor you must have saved the simulation results in a so called dac file Because the demo version of FEFLOW does not allow you to save the results we have prepared the results for you Ey Postprocessor shell menu amp Load and run The file selector appears Choose demo transport 3d dac from the Files list An alert box pops up asking if you want to abandon the current fem file e Select EH Yes demo transport 3d dac is loaded and you enter the Postprocessor 5 1 2D Visualization To get an idea of the final results start with the 2D visualization tools Ff View Results at 7 300 e 003 d The Results Viewer appears Feflow Results Viewer Vv AN Pas Pas Pas Pas Pas Pas W Isoline pattern in the upper left part of the win dow Em Show The mass distribution for the current slice is visualized Click the right mouse button The Results Viewer reappears FEFLOW 41 Cross sections can be visualized for all parameter dis tributions along lines The lines can be drawn in the working window or imported in ESRI generate format First draw a cross section ng 11 0 000e 000 E 4 099e 000 J 8 189e 000 1443084001 1 94
50. ry sediments The hydrogeologic system con cerns two aquifers sepa rated by a clay aquitard The top hydrostratigraphic unit is considered to be a sandy unconfined aquifer up to 7 meters thick The second aquifer located below the clayey aquitard has a thickness of 30 meters The northern part of the model area is primarily used for agriculture whereas the southern portion is dominated by forest ing ated by importing GIS data for the This map was cre model into FEPLOT a plot luded with FEFLOW amp desktop mapp FEFLOW supports the ESRI tool made by WASY which INC ting is L O 2 O LL LLI LL I 2 O a 0 O o Ww lt O p 16 0 LL River Friedrichshagener M hlenfliefs t Arclnfo and le forma data compatible ASCII formats DXF and FEFLOW specific ing plot formats for displaying background maps shape fi export pappan Bes s 3 si EE EE HEEE m 5 es PERERA EREEREER pom B SPESEESEESESESSE SERRE SESE Sa Sewage Plant Waste Disposa HEE DIOE td HE e FERRA EE III e HR RERRRRRES 332 ut teer penne 2 0 ex m s 0 e 5 2 3 e es es x e 2s 3 EEE es 27 es 05 e oft e 4 ss e es es 5 5 7 es e Sos 25 0 s S 2 de e 7 e e 77 St 3 29 um es e 0 37 d 3 0
51. sign the drain fillable porosity An alert box pops up asking if you are sure to over write the data Select Ef Yes nput a value of 0 1 in the Keyboard request box and press the Return key Exit the function by clicking the right mouse button Aquitard Our next step is to prescribe the material properities of the Aquitard Select Layer 2 in the Layers amp Slices browser e Assign FW Global Ff Conductivity Kxx Again an alert box pops up asking if you really want to overwrite the current values m Yes Input a value of 16 6 in the Keyboard request box corresponding to the unit 1e 4 m s and press the Return key Exit the function by clicking the right mouse button We will assign a new storativity value due to the low conductivity we have set E Assign W Global Ff Storativity drain fillable pm Yes e 0 01 press Return e Quit the function by clicking the right mouse button Bottom Aquifer To the bottom aquifer we set a constant conductivity of 10 m s e Layers 3 in the Layers amp Slices browser Assign 59 Global FEFLOW 9 e Em Conductivity Kxx Feflow Alert Box pm Yes FR FEFLOH alert 10 press Return Exit the function by clicking the right mouse button Now we copy the K xx values to the K yy and K zz Overwriting the Kyy Conductivity by parameter to create isotropic conductivities in all lay the currently edited one ers
52. spaced in three new layers Change the Number of layers in the input box at the upper left corner of the menu to 1 9 5 Press Return The Slice Partitioner pops up Partitioning according to the list Move the cursor to the Partitioning list Scroll the Partioning list using the vertical slider bar at the right of the menu and replace the 2 automati cally set by FEFLOW beneath 4 slice fixed by 199 0 Between the 2 slice is fixed and 3 slice is fixed replace the 0 by 2 The z elevations of the new slices are interpolated from the nodal values of the upper and lower slice Therefore the new slice will divide the aquitard evenly EA OK Additional option for partitioning between THU fixed slices FEFLOW 37 Now the aquitard is divided in three layers To ensure that the data copy is executed correctly from the old to the new slices we will utilize the Data Flow lists on the right of the 3D Layer configurator menu As shown in the next picture there are two lists that provide con trol over the data flow between the previous and the new layers The upper control called Data flow for slices describes the data flow of the initial conditions and boundary settings from the old slices to the new ones The old slices are shown as number buttons in the left column the new ones in the right column The data flow is symbolized by lines connecting the old with the new slices The lower list Data flow for lay ers
53. ssures that the interpolation will be executed without smoothing the resulting surface E 1 EH Import time constant data The file selector appears and allows you to select the database for the interpolation Choose bot san2 trp from the Files list This ASCII file so called triplets file has an x coordinate y coordinate function value format Em Okay Em Start in the Database Regionalization Window and FEFLOW creates contours for slice 4 the bottom of layer 3 see figure on the next page Exit the Assign database function by clicking the right mouse button in the working window Browse to the next upper slice using the Layers amp Slices browser and repeat the steps above to assign the elevation data according to the list below slice database 4 bottom of lower aquifer bot san2 trp 3 top of lower aquifer bot clay trp bottom of aquitard 2 top of aquitard bot sanl trp bottom of upper aquifer 1 relief demo relief trp You can display the resulting model domain in a 3D VIeW pm 3D Options on the lower left side of the screen hold the mouse button A small menu pops up E Visualize A second menu pops up Body release the mouse button The Tricycler window pops up and the model is displayed in 3 dimensional view see figure Move rotate and zoom the model as described in the message bar below the working window pm Exiting rotation in the Tri
54. w Boundaries lees 25 3 1 3 Generating the Finite Element Mesh 15 3 6 3 Flow Materials sehr hh mre 28 3 1 4 Mesni 861316 A TREE EESTI T esa 15 37 Transport DAR Scans esos ant 32 3 2 The 3rd Dimension 022000 17 3 7 1 Mass Transport Boundaries 32 3 2 1 Designing Slices and Layers 17 3 72 Mass Transport Materials 35 3 3 Problemi Class sir a0 octo teks E mi 19 3 8 Reference Data coin acr re Rr r 36 3 4 Temporal amp Control Data 20 23 9 Reconfigure 3D Task 37 3 5 SD Slice Elevato eaea a Oe opor ad veu 21 29 555565450545 45 6 6 6 66 6 6 664440 A The Simulator 5 os wos ba 5 The 2051020665501 6 6666 666666666 6066 66 66 6 SCR SOS d dawsd ax vd 5 1 2D Visualization llle 41 5 2 2 3D Isosurfaces i i 6 666 666 E eos OR OR ER RC 47 5 2 3D ODpEHIOnS MENU uu 09444430 RP RU Ges Ree 45 5 3 Final REMARKS 2 9 v 3e dut et es Y eram E ede Y 48 5 2 1 3D Pathline Analyzer 46 FEFLOW iii iv Demonstration Exercise Introduction 1 1 About FEFLOW FEFLOW Finite Element subsurface FLOW system is an interactive groundwater modeling system for three dimensional and two dimensional areal and cross sectional horizontal vertical or axi symmetric fluid density coupled also thermohal
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