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TUFLOW Manual - 2007

1. fe TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA F LOW a e BMT WBM Tutorial models 94 E SMS 11 0 64 bit RiverBend_Mesh001 sms 4 File Edit Display Data Vertices Breaklines Triangles Scatter Web Window Help Es c Hat J gas k r Ev amp Mesh Data o i ap Scatter Morgs OEMVISR Mesh Features Zi elevation fe an z tz RiverBend_Mesh001_V A i23 RiverBend_Mesh001_V_mag ff3 RiverBend_Mesh001_H 0 7 Er gg Scatter Data A 0 6 Bii RiverBend_Bathymetry 05 i m Bevation Ti D EHE minimum dt AP CR RN H E Map Data s we 2s 551589 5 6841709 7 nd a 6 2 7 Troubleshooting This section contains a list of the issues that may be encountered in the tutorial If you are encountering a different problem please email the log file which can be found under TUFLOWFV input log directory to support tuflow com Error fvdomain_constuct init_dmn fvmesh_construct fvmesh_rd2dm Linear elements only expected de TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA FLOW p e BMT WBM Tutorial models 05 5 UltraEdit DOS Command Window Successful Initialising requested TUFLOW FU module license s Successful Attempting to build model domain object s Reading mesh geometry file Trying to open file geo RiverBend Mesh881 quadratic 2dm OK File unit 161 ERROR fvdomain_construct init_dmn fumesh_construct fumesh_rd2dm Linear elements only expected Exiting TUFLOW
2. SCAL_1 QC Cell inflow m s uses Cell internal concentration during outflow QCA Cell inflow m s uses specified concentration during outflow QCM TBC Q Global Cell Inflow m s N A CSV TIME Q A SAL TEMP uses internal SED_1 TRACE_1 concentration during outflow QGA Global Cell Inflow m s uses specified Cell CSV TIME Q SAL TEMP SED_1 SCAL_1 N A CSV TIME Q A SAL TEMP SED 1 SCAL 1 concentration during outflow B RNS Reflective no Slip External nodestring Reflective free slip External nodestring SCALAR SCALAR PROF SCALAR CURT N A A un N A SW RAD SW RAD GRID SURF TEMP SURF TEMP GRID TRANSPORT W10 Grid Grid Wave Wave parameter field Grid CSV TIME W10 X W10 Y NETCDF TIME W10 X W10 Y NETCDF TIME HSIGN TPS DIR FORCE X FORCE Y E eei Water level External CSV TIME WL SAL TEMP nodestring SED 1 SCAL 1 Wave coupled WL CURT WLNR External CSV TBC sre ee 4 FLOW f BMT wem TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA Command File FVC Reference BC Type BC Description 133 Input Default Columns Header File ee Frdestring Sloping Water Level External nodestring CSV Time WL_A WL_B SAL_A SAL B TEMP_A TEMP B SED 1 A SED 1 B 1_A SCAL 1 B Zero gradient bo
3. bed layer mass kg m TBC tauce erosion critical shear stress N m TBC Erosion Rate Params erosion rate g m s alpha TBC Consolidation Model Params lt TBC gt TBC End Layer This command indicates the end of the layer block End Material The command indicates the end of the material block Write Restart TBC TU FLOW Ou WBM TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA 2dm Mesh File Format Reference 156 10 2dm Mesh File Format Reference This section provides a reference to the various components of the mesh file and provides further insight into how TUFLOW FV uses it Unstructured mesh geometries can be created using any suitable mesh generation tool As a preference BMT uses the SMS Generic Mesh Module ww w aquaveo com sms for building meshes As a result the TUFLOW FV mesh file format is the SMS mesh file format Setting up and running a TUFLOW FV model simulation does not necessarily require a detailed line by line inspection of the mesh file SMS or another mesh generator provides a graphical interface to do this instead Nevertheless a modeller may find it necessary at times to interrogate the 2dm file in detail The mesh file is an ASCII format that can be viewed and manipulated using text editing software The mesh has an extension 2dm The 2dm file has a series of lines and blocks that define the various properties of the mesh file and associated structures There
4. input fvc fvm Input control files often where TuflowFv exe is executed from Batch files are also stored here when performing multiple simulations i geo nc Log files recording pre processor outputs i CSV rst and performance during simulation output EMT CSN 7 Can be a large folder often placed on local drive rather than a network drive exe or tuflowfv exe Optionally placing the executable and bin associated dlls within the folder structure may be a worthwhile measure if archiving Matlab Matlab m mat o Optional storing Matlab scripts sms 2dm Optional storing intermediate mesh mat generation files 3 9 Recommended fvc Structure TUFLOW FV control files are simple ASCII based scripts or recipes for how a simulation is to be performed The control file includes information about the simulation configuration when the simulation is to start and end the value of model variables where to find the model geometric layout what initial and boundary conditions are specified and what model output to produce e pu dum TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA F LOW iudica e BMT WBM Before starting 18 As with the directory structure a standardised layout should be adopted for preparing the TUFLOW FV control file as shown in Table 8 1 Section 8 It 1s also recommended that a fully featured text 29 66 editor be used as these provide various useful features such as command col
5. n C 4 0 Water Level Delete Selected Assign BC Reverse Direction PAN 5 0 3 Force Breaklines i 6 0 Renumber i uno Smooth F zE Clear Selection Invert Selection 10 Zoam to Selection The next step in the modelling process is to assign the model parameters 6 2 3 Model Parameters To assign the model parameters access the Global Parameters from the TUFLOW FV menu item TUFLOW FV Web Window Help Check Mesh Define Model Global Parameters Assign BC Material Properties Run TUFLOW FV END JFLOW TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA x BMT WBM Tutorial models SO In the general tab the default options are ok these should be as per the image below In the Time tab set the end time to 48 the model will be 48 hours General Time Output HD Parameters Advanced Commands TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA TU F LOW Se BMT WBM Tutorial models 8 In the output options set the following parameters The HD and Advanced commands can be left unchanged Hit OK to apply the changes Once the global parameters are set we need to set the Manning s value to be used for the three land use types sand gravel and vegetated To do this select TUFLOW FV gt gt Material Properties Check Mesh Define Model Global Parameters Assign BC Material Properties Run TUFLOW FV For each of the
6. z values el Tp itp d aooo 2 A you can also specify the imations Slide Show Review View bathymetry to be used in the rapid sms tutorial sms model Do this from the menu Display eens web Window Help i 5 T D elete Feature objects Map gt if Scatter D a A uild Polygons E Clean Transform Feature Objects Map gt Scatter Map gt 2D Mesh ZS Se FLOW So BMT WBM TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA Quick SMS and TUFLOW FV Tutorial B Make sure you specify the z value source from the Arc node and vertex elevations in the dialog box C To see your handiwork use the display button to turn on contours in the scatter data module Display Options scatter Contours Vectors General Ma B lv Points W Use contour color scheme k _H Triangles Boundary iw Contours Velocity vectors Iw Breaklines Z offset Br Iv Show option pages for existing data only Help All On All Of Then the shaded z values are then visible TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA Map Scatter Create Scatter Point Set Source f Feature points and vertices on arcs t Feature points on arcs Scatter Paint Value Source Arc elevation t Are spacing Mew scatter point set name Scalter From M ap E Iv Trangulate Help Cancel Inactive color Nautical grid Point names Paint numbers Sca
7. 8 5 5 Sediments 8 5 6 Heat Exchange 8 5 7 Water Quality 8 5 8 Tracer 8 5 8 1 Description of Tracer Block Commands SEDIMENT MODULE CONTROL FILE FVM REFERENCE 9 1 List of Available Commands 9 2 Description of General Commands 9 3 Description of Sediment Block Commands 9 4 Description of Material Block Commands 2DM MESH FILE FORMAT REFERENCE 10 1 Element definitions E4Q and E3T 10 2 Node definitions ND 10 3 Nodestring definitions NS REFERENCES 11 1 References in document 11 2 Additional references to TUFLOW FV in literature INDEX vi 126 127 128 153 133 137 137 141 143 145 146 146 148 149 149 151 151 151 152 153 156 156 159 159 161 161 161 162 y lt WE n L FLOW So aT BMT WBM List of Figures vii List of Figures Figure 2 1 Flexible mesh vs fixed grid 4 Figure 2 2 Typical runtime decrease computational speed increase with multi core processing with TUFLOW FV 5 Figure 3 1 SMS Interface Configuring Batch File 19 Figure 3 2 SMS Interface Setting Generic Interface Location 20 Figure 3 3 SMS Interface Loading Model Definition 21 Figure 3 4 SMS Interface TUFLOW FV Menu Item 22 Figure 4 1 Digital Elevation Model of Port Curtis Queensland Australia 25 Figure 4 2 TUFLOW FV Mesh of Port Curtis Queensland Australia 26 Figure 4 3 Mesh nodes arcs and vertices left and the resulting mesh right 27 Figure 4 4 Example 2dm file showing spatial layout left and
8. References 161 11 References 11 1 References in document 11 2 Additional references to TUFLOW FV in literature WE TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA F LOW BMT WBM Index 162 12 Index e FLOW S BMT WBM TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA e FLOW S BMT WBM TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA
9. WE 2 BMT WBM wiki TUFLOW com FLOW mro amp TET LAM he IM n x4 r wee b i gt Y RT B 4 ie LE T4 TT we FA a En E AM k Or MAT pet rate peer LE Vu RA i i Z ees Contents Contents Contents List of Figures List of Tables TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA vii viii ee FLOW S BMT WBM Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 NAVIGATING THE MANUAL 1 1 About This Manual 1 2 How to Use This Manual 1 3 Sections 2 INTRODUCTION 2 1 What is TUFLOW FV 2 2 Flexible meshes and mesh generation 2 3 Multi core processing 2 4 TUFLOW Classic or TUFLOW FV 3 BEFORE STARTING 3 1 TUFLOW FV program 3 2 TUFLOW FV dongles 3 3 Installing TUFLOW FV 3 4 Running TUFLOWFV exe 3 4 1 Double click tuflowfv exe 3 4 2 Right Mouse Button in Microsoft Explorer 3 4 3 From a Console DOS Window or Run 3 4 4 Using a Batch File 3 4 4 1 Changing priority 3 4 4 2 Manually 3 4 4 3 From the batch file 3 4 4 4 Advanced bat Files 3 4 4 5 Pause restart and cancel a simulation 3 4 5 From UltraEdit 3 4 6 From Notepad 3 5 3 6 3 7 3 8 3 9 3 10 Mesh Development Tools Pre and Post Processing File Types Recommended Directory Structure Recommended fvc Structure SMS Interface Beta 3 10 1 Installation TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA ii oO Ui WW UJ ER EB ER E o vo oO 10 10 11 13 13 13 14 14 15 15 15 15
10. 0 0 al OOO TE Oe Oe Tr SOAS T uec Te OL DH Qe Ik OM DTE ale ue Dee Dog E 29 CPO VOC ODIO SEE UO OO COCO Os GHI Abe OCHO ONO OC Oke a 0 00000000e 000 0 00000000e 000 A CO OOOO eO GT silo COO CS OO COTO COO Cte 70 019 CPO VOC OOC te 000 zd 19 0 OOOO ese AL he OOO TOC Ores OC AL i9 OOOO Ck 0 0D 0 00000000e 000 8010049190 Ore TOO exte ChOOMOONO Ores gt OC aL 0 00000000e 000 Example 2dm file showing spatial layout left and 2dm file contents The effects at the boundaries of a TUFLOW FV model determine the resulting fluid motion and hydrodynamic prediction Understanding what is happening at the edges of the model domain is TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA TU FLOW e BMT WBM Recommended steps in the modelling process 30 therefore critical There are different types of boundaries to be considered when developing a TUFLOW FV model see also Section 8 4 1 and 8 4 10 The open boundaries at the wet edges of the model domain The closed boundaries at the seabed open channel bed and water surface The boundary at the coastline river bank or other wet dry interface The initial condition at the start of the simulation 4 5 1 Open boundaries Open boundaries to the TUFLOW FV model domain should be located where there is some knowledge of the behaviour at that location For a given period this information may come from a tide station or other instrument deployed to continuously measure the
11. 1 561124 hrs a 4 elapsed Writing H datfile Writing U datfile 1 583568 hrs 1 667868 hrs 1 751611 hrs Writing H datfile output Writing U datfile output e elapsed hrs hrs elapsed NSO qo como LI LI i nn wn oun own n wn c o RM gt 0 263 s elapsed 0 262 s elapsed 0 261 s elapsed 1 751611 hrs 1 751611 hrs me om CO LI a LI oun et ct Hn Fu il If the model fails to start successfully please see the troubleshooting section below Depending on computer speed and number of processors available the model may take a few minutes to finish On an 17 laptop 2 years old the model runs in approximately 5 minutes Once finished the console should appear as below P Sa FLOW f BMT wem TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA Tutorial models 85 EA C Windows system32 cmd exe Eca ex 47 585371 hrs R 6 316 s elapsed time 47 667874 hrs 6 316 s elapsed time 47 750104 hrs f 6 316 s elapsed time Writing H datfile output 47 750104 hrs Writing U datfile output 47 750104 hrs 47 835629 hrs dt x 6 315 s elapsed time 47 918684 hrs dt 6 314 s elapsed time Writing H datfile output g 48 005813 hrs Writing U datfile output 48 005813 hrs ile log RiverBend Mesh 1 rst OK File unit 183 3 oou LI LI LI log RiverBend Mesh8801 ext cfl dt csu OK File unit it 103 log RiverBend_Mesh 1_int_cfl_dt csv OK File unit ex
12. CFL lt global maximum courant number gt TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA Default For Time Format Hours the default is O For Time Format SODate the default is 01 01 1990 00 00 00 No default No default If not entered then variable timestep applied see timestep limits No default 300 s 5 minutes 117 Description ISODate requires a date specification in the form dd mm yyyy HH MM SS or some truncation thereof e g Start Time 03 01 2009 03 00 Where inputs or output times are in decimal time this will be relative to the reference time Sets the model reference time Specifies the start time for the simulation For Time Format Hours units are in decimal hours For Time Format ISODate inputs are in date form dd mm yyyy HH MM SS or some truncation thereof Specifies the end time for the simulation See the Time Format command for input formats Specifies the value of a constant timestep that is to be used during the simulation Specifies the maximum and minimum timestep that are allowed when timestep is allowed to vary according to the Courant Frederic Lewy stability criterion See also CFL Allows the user to specify the simulation interval between displaying timestep information Sets the courant Courant Friedrichs Lewy condition used in internal and external mode timestep calculation The default value 1s 1 which 1s the theoretical
13. Commit Charge 1522M J 5453M 3 4 4 3 From the batch file The DOS command start is required to execute a simulation at a different priority Precede each of the lines in the example in Section 3 4 4 with start TUFLOW FV wait low as shown below This will e Initiate a separate Console Window for each simulation e Give the new console window a title called TUFLOW FV or whatever you choose e wait will ensure that the next line in the batch file is not executed until this line is completed ie one simulation after another without the wait option all simulations will start at once e low will run the simulation on low priority e FLOW S BMT WBM TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA Before starting 15 start TUFLOW FV wait low C Program Files TUFLOWFV exe win32 TUFLOWFV exe runOl fvc start TFV R2 wait low C Program FilesNTUFLOWFVNexeNwin32NTUFLOWFV exe run02 fvc start Hello World wait low C Program Files TUFLOWFV exe win32 TUFLOWFV exe runs tye pause Other useful switches available are e belownormal and abovenormal to set these priority levels e min to minimise the process once started 3 4 4 4 Advanced bat Files Further details on using a batch file are available in the wiki e http wiki tuflow com index php titleczRun TUFLOW From a Batch file 3 4 4 5 Pause restart and cancel a simulation To pause a model simulation highlight the console
14. FLOW S BMT WBM Command File FVC Reference Command Line Default Not used if not condition entered IC Initial OGCM Not used if not entered 0 false 8 4 9 Boundary Conditions Restart file name restart Reset Time Command Line Default Grid definition file lt netcdf file defining grid coords nc gt Grid definition variables v1 v2 v3 Grid definition lt x0 yO alp mx my dx dy typ TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA 1277 Description TBC Loads model initial conditions from a restart file Unless the reset time command is used the simulation start time will be set to the timestamp in the restart file See also write restart command This command resets the model start time to be equal to the value specified using Start Time when a restart file is used see also Restart Without this command or when set to O false the start time is set equal to the restart file timestamp Description Specifies a netcdf filename that defines grid coordinates to be used in mapping input output files to the model mesh This command should be used in conjunction with the W10 grid MSLP grid and Wave grid BC types to establish the grid to mesh mapping Multiple BCs can point to the same grid definition Geometry definition parameters for grid definition file including Origin xO yO Grid size dx dy Angle alp Number of cells
15. For this tutorial example the file is called trap steady Ol fvc The fvc file is shown below A description of each entry is provided for further information see Section 0 5 FVC File Contents Description TUFLOW FV TUTORIAL The first 2 lines are a description of the 1 Flow along a trapezoidal channel model simulation You may also wish to include the initials of the modeller etc 17268 FLOW C7 wr way TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA Quick SMS and TUFLOW FV Tutorial TIME COMMANDS start time 0 0 end time 6 0 cfl 1 0 timestep limits 0 0001 10 MODEL PARAMETERS stability limits 10 100 momentum mixing model Smagorinsky global horizontal eddy viscosity 0 2 GEOMETRY geometry 2d geo quick tutorial 2dm MATERIAL PROPERTIES material bottom roughness 0 018 end material INITIAL CONDITIONS initial water level 3 5 units english BOUNDARY CONDITIONS bc Q 1 bc steadyQ csv bc header time flow end bc bc WL 2 bc steadyWL csv bc header time WL end bc OUTPUT COMMANDS output dir Output output datv TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA 51 The time commands include the start and end times the default time format 1s Hours The CFL limit is 1 by default TUFLOW FV then assigns a timestep at each computational step according to the CFL limit and between the ranges spe
16. Include file can be included At this location all name commands contained in the include file will be read as if they are listed in the fvc file Detailed program echo if set 1 Debug lt 0 1 gt ns Metric Option to apply US Customary or Units lt metric English or Imperial units English Imperial US Customary gt Input and output units are as follows Elevation distance feet Discharge cfs Manning s friction is adjusted accordingly Constant eddy viscosity value ft2 s Note that currently the units are valid only for 2D hydrodynamics please contact support tuflow com if considering using customary units for additional modules 8 4 2 Time Command Line Default Description Hours Specifies the format for time specification Time Format both in the control file and any boundary lt Hours ISODate gt condition files Hours is the default and requires a decimal hour specification e g Start Time 3 0 ep FLOW S BMT WBM TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA Command File FVC Reference Command Line Reference Time lt Input Output reference time gt Start Time lt simulation start time gt End Time lt simulation time gt Timestep lt constant timestep s gt Timestep Limits lt min timestep s max timestep s gt Display dt lt display timestep s gt
17. Keep in mind that for all approaches the executable is a single file tuflowfv exe the operating system console program or 3 party program simply accesses this file with associated command line arguments 3 4 1 Double click tuflowfv exe The TUFLOW FV executable tuflowfv exe is a command console program A model is started by calling the executable with the control file fvc as the first and only argument If no argument is specified the command line will request the user input one fe FLOW S BMT WBM TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA Before starting 11 3 4 2 Right Mouse Button in Microsoft Explorer To start a simulation in Microsoft Explorer by using the right mouse button first follow the following steps to set up a file association 1 n Explorer open the View or Tools Folder Options menu and select the File Types tab If fvc files are not in the Registered file types list box choose New Type otherwise select the fvc file entry under Registered file types as shown in Step 3 below 2 Ifadding a new type enter in a description eg TUFLOW FV Control File and fvc as the associated extension see below and press OK Create Mew Extension File Extension 3 The Folder Options dialog should appear something like the below Folder Options General View File Types Offline Files Registered file types Extensions File Types FY
18. Scal 1 An example of the command usage and corresponding CSV file is given below ic Wc initial conditions 001 csv initial conditions csv ID WL U V Scal 1 Scal 2 Scal 3 1 0 300 0 000 0 000 1 000 0 000 0 000 8 5 4 Salinity Temperature Density Command Line Default 0 gt no Include salinity salinity 0 1 0 1 lt 0 0 no Include temperature temperature 0 1 0 1 Reference Salinity Salinity PSU gt Reference Temperature lt Temperature degrees celsius gt Initial Salinity salinity psu gt TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA Description Include salinity as a modelled parameter 0 for false 1 for true The second flag specifies whether density is a function of the modelled salinity O for false 1 for true Include temperature as a modelled parameter 0 for false 1 for true The second flag specifies whether density is a function of the modelled temperature O for false 1 for true Sets the model reference salinity Sets the model reference temperature Globally sets the initial scalar concentration fields ee FLOW S BMT WBM Command File FVC Reference 146 Command Line Default Description Globally sets the initial scalar concentration Initial Temperature fields lt temperature degrees Celsius gt 8 5 5 Sediments Command Line Defa
19. This model geometry is not good enough we require a much higher resolution than this To make it better we need to go back to the mesh module and adjust the polygons to create more vertices and hence more elements Note more vertices along the polygon arcs higher mesh resolution 5 Modify polygons A Using the select feature polygon button double click on each of the polygons Ty A dialog box will appear with many options Check out the SMS manual for a better description or try a few different options and see what happens TUF LOW Ou WBM TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA Quick SMS and TUFLOW FV Tutorial 43 2D Mesh Polygon Properties Mesh Type Paving Bias 0 0 1 0 Bathumetry Type Constant p Material material 1 Preview Mesh Cancel Some of the key options worth noting are e Mesh type gt Paving is the classic triangular mesh where triangles are used to fill the polygon area gt Patch fills the polygon area with a patch of quadrilateral rectangular elements There are some limitations to using this mesh type like having 4 arcs defining the polygon e Bathymetry Type gt Scatter Set will use the scatter data we have created in step to set the z values in the mesh e Preview Mesh gt Use this to see how your mesh design looks for this polygon area Along the bottom of the display image is a series of buttons which let
20. can provide worthwhile information 4 9 Application Apply the model to the problem to be solved Description of existing conditions impact scenarios and comparison of differences etc are common applications Keep in mind the quality and clarity of your post processing communicating your modelling efforts to your audience effectively is a key part of using TUFLOW FV Wee FLOW e BMT WBM TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA Quick SMS and TUFLOW FV Tutorial 36 5 Quick SMS and TUFLOW FV Tutorial 5 1 A quick SMS tutorial trapezoidal channel The following example demonstrates the development of a very simple model mesh Follow the steps performed here and expand upon them to develop more complex real world models The example is a trapezoidal channel dimensions as shown TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA Top width 100 m Bottom width 50 m Depth 25 m Length of channel 1 000 m Grade of channel 1 in 1 000 The model domain should have a resolution of 12 5 m across the channel and 25 m along the channel Map Coverage points and arcs defining the model layout The first step is to setup the SMS Map coverage In this module the outline or specific points and curves that describe the geometry to be 1 4 1 meshed is defined The map coverage works in a plan view Using the create feature point button create the 8 points that define the channel As each feature po
21. describes how the nodestring is defined in the mesh file Note that the final node in the nodestring is T U F LOW e BMT WBM TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA 2dm Mesh File Format Reference GG 66 indicated by a is highlighted in Figure 10 5 TUFLOW FV reads nodestrings according to their ID 160 symbol i e node 9 in Figure 10 5 followed by the nodstring ID i e nodestring 1 a fx SMS 11 0 64 bit untitled sms File Edit Display Data Nodes Nodestrings Elements Mesh Web Window Help shew b s z oo z z E Mesh Data a f Mesh elevation 7 5 Map Data 7 amp default coverage 245 E SS e 1 17 52 86 54 SARS i HH Lg 9 m 15 18 25 16 Nodestring info 1 selected Id 1 Length 38 669809 m Unassigned Nodestring Angle 232 A ND 75 3 113500000e 001 4 75250000e7000 0 00000000e 000 ND 76 2 76850000e 001 2 67875000e7000 0 00000000e 000 ND 77 2 41800000e 001 6 05000000e 001 0 00000000e 000 ND 78 2 06750000e 001 1 46875000e7000 0 00000000e 000 ND 79 1 71700000e 001 3 54250000e7000 0 00000000e 000 ND 80 1 36650000e 001 5 61625000e7000 0 00000000e 000 ND 81 1 01600000e 001 7 69000000e 000 0 00000000e 000 HS 1 2 34565 7 H 9 I NS 74 73 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 3 BEGPARAMDEF GM Mesh CUT Figure 10 5 Example Nodestring Definition TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA TU FLOW Ob WBM
22. stage or tidal variations are more valuable for calibration purposes compared to instantaneous spot readings however all relevant reliable data should be absorbed into a calibration exercise ds FLOW e BMT WBM TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA Recommended steps in the modelling process 35 As a minimum requirement for calibration and validation of a hydrodynamic tidal model the following measurements are recommended e Calibration A time series of current speed direction and water level at two separate locations performed over a 3 day period during a spring tidal range e Validation A time series of current speed direction and water level at two separate locations performed over a 3 day period during a neap tidal range If seasonal variations are important this exercise could be repeated at a different time of year Overland flow calibration is less dependent upon instantaneous measurements performed at the time of the modelling study and more dependent upon historical records of floods In these circumstances all available information should be sought quality checked and analysed and used in the calibration exercise If a model cannot be calibrated due to a lack of data don t despair application of an uncalibrated model is not a complete waste of time Be cautious with the model interpret the results as indicators of specific trends and processes which when combined with available data and experience
23. 04 SAL trap steady 04 V 123 trap steady 04 V mag me Map Data vI amp D default coverage Time steps LI IRA RUP 5 4 Going further For modellers with a firm grasp of the basics of modelling the best way to learn how to setup and run TUFLOW FV is to experiment In the following example the mesh created in Section 5 1 has been adjusted to include a bump in the centre and a constriction further downstream which will induce transitions to supercritical flow Mesh resolution has been increased around these features The results are far more interesting using this mesh design see following page Additional tutorials are available on the website Check out www tuflow com i m We FLOW e BMT WBM TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA Quick SMS and TUFLOW FV Tutorial 57 ZA SMS 10 1 rapid sms tutorial bump2 sms J File Edit Display Feature Objects Web Window Help Ha BQAgs d Mesh Module elevation v Mesh Data 0 3 138 Scatter Data 0 4 COL Scatter_From_Map Ha elevation 8 M Map Data P MB default coverage S 3 2 3 9 4 6 53 6 0 A d Lim BOW Doy 933 9 362 8 4 o r AN 9 9 a PI SMS 10 1 02 sms DEAR P File Edit Display Data Nodes Nodestrings Elements Mesh Web Window Help amp F x HEK aawe o 2 E p 5 v Mesh Data ih 02 Z elevation trap steady 02 H trap steady 02 V 123 trap steady 02 V mag RY Ma
24. 1 Scal 1 W10 MSLP Hsig Tp Wvdir Wvstr Output Points File Output Parameters Output Interval Wemweme 0 0 0 0 LL Table 8 4 Output Parameters Parameter Description Air temperature degrees Celsius Total bed mass kg m qum FLOW oF BMT WBM TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA Command File FVC Reference 136 Parameter Description Bed load g m s Total Bed load g m s LEE Water depth m DLE DZB Bed elevation change m m s Water surface elevation m Degrees Celsius m Downward long wave radiation flux W m Mean sea level pressure hPa DLE g m Precipitation rate m day Relative humidity Water density kg m3 Sal Salinity concentration TBC psu m rs psu m Suspended concentration of sediment fraction mg L Sediment bed mass of fraction kg Suspended sediment flux of fraction 10 kg s Suspended sediment mass of fraction 10 kg Sediment load g m s Total Sediment load g m s Suspended load g m s Total Suspended load g m s Downward short wave radiation flux W m Taub Bed shear stress N m Hydrodynamic module Taus Surface shear stress N m Hydrodynamic module Tauc Current related effective bed shear stress component N m Sediment transport module Tauw Wave related effective bed shear stress component N m Sediment transport module Taucw Combined effective current wave bed shear stress N m Sedimen
25. 10 225 1 045 1125 1114 12 275 1 168 1 0 13 30 1209 14 325 1236 15 35 1 248 z Time Help me pot OK Cancel At the southern end of the model select the feature arc and apply a flow boundary The flow is in the flows xlsx See also the image below The boundary data and locations can be changed after the mesh has been created This is described further below al dum TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA FLOW lt _ lt e BMT WBM Tutorial models 76 L TUFLOW FV Nodestring Boundary Conditions 958 EH No Group Flow j How vs Time Define a AY Series Editor Time How 0 0 1 0 2 0 3 0 40 5 0 6 0 70 8 0 9 0 375 92 We are now ready to build the mesh from the map data To do this select Feature Objects gt gt Map gt 2D Mesh In the 2D Mesh Options check the Use area coverage option In the drop box ensure that the Land Use layer is selected When the mesh is created this uses the land use layer for setting the material definition in the elements created This can also be set individually on the polygons in the Mesh Features layer 2D Mesh Options a Merge triangles after meshing v Use area coverage Land Use F dum IFLOW gt Sur we TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA Tutorial models TI After the meshing is completed turn off the scatter dataset and the map data E i Mesh Data EMv G M
26. 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 T Fi Y FLOW e aT BMT WBM Contents TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA 3 10 2 Loading the Interface 3 11 Excel Interface RECOMMENDED STEPS IN THE MODELLING PROCESS 4 1 Problem definition 4 2 Establish model domain spatial and temporal scales 4 3 Consolidate and prepare base data 4 3 1 Bathymetry Topography 4 4 Mesh construction 4 4 1 2dm file format 4 5 Boundaries 4 5 1 Open boundaries 4 5 2 Bed friction 4 5 3 Forcings 4 5 4 Wetting and Drying 4 5 5 Initial conditions 4 6 Model Parameterisation 4 6 1 Turbulent Mixing 4 6 1 1 Eddy viscosity 46 1 2 Scalar diffusivity 4 6 2 First or Second Order 4 6 3 2D 3D 4 6 4 Baroclinic 4 6 5 Atmospheric Exchange 4 7 Test Model performance 4 8 Calibration validation sensitivity testing 4 9 Application Quick SMS AND TUFLOW FV TUTORIAL 5 1 A quick SMS tutorial trapezoidal channel Map Coverage points and arcs defining the model layout Create Scatter points from which bed levels will be interpolated from Build polygons Build the mesh but need to go back and increase vertex resolution Modify polygons Linear elements Nodestrings boundary conditions iii 21 22 23 23 23 24 24 25 28 29 30 30 30 30 31 31 31 Jl 31 32 32 34 34 34 34 35 36 36 36 38 40 41 42 46 47 T Fi Y FLOW e aT BMT WBM Contents 1V Visualise 48 5 2 A quick TUFLOW FV model setup 49 Establish a fo
27. Atmos update dt this will occurat atmospheric forcing timestep s every model timestep Allows the user to specify the density of air Density Air lt air density kg m Allows the user to specify the reference Density Water density of water lt water density kg m gt Theta baroclinic lt theta b gt Sets the reference density value used in Reference Density calculation of the baroclinic pressure term Density kg m gt 1013 25 Sets the reference mean sea level pressure Reference MSLP value Mean Sea Level ee FLOW S BMT WBM TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA Command File FVC Reference 143 Command Line Default Description Pressure hPa he default Specifies the parameter values in the following Wind stress params parameters are wind stress drag model Wa m s Ca lt 0 0 8E 03 50 W m s Cpy gt 4 05E 03 Ca Ca Wio lt Wa corresponding to Ca Ca Wi io WaJ We Wa Co Ca the Wu Wa zWio z Ws arameterisation dm a 50 m s Ca Co W o We upper limit Wave stress params gamma Hmin gt 8 5 3 3D Command Line Default Description Sigma Specifies the type of discretisation applied to Vertical mesh type the 3D layer structure Can be either Sigma Sigma Z2 coordinates or fixed Z l
28. Bed Elevation m 0 0 1 5 3 0 4 5 6 0 7 5 9 0 10 5 12 0 13 5 15 0 Figure 4 3 Mesh nodes arcs and vertices left and the resulting mesh right Bed levels bathymetry are normally assigned to the mesh once the mesh design is completed For more discussion on mesh generation see the tutorial exercise in Section 5 1 and tips in Section Tk TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA T U F LOW Cour WBM Recommended steps in the modelling process 28 4 4 1 2dm file format The 2dm file format 1s used to define the TUFLOW FV mesh It is an ASCII format from the SMS Generic Mesh Module The contents of the file relevant to TUFLOW FV simulations see also the example in Figure 4 4 are Lines that commence with a ND are nodes or the points that define the edges of the elements Each ND line describes the node ID and its x y and z 1e bed level coordinate Lines that commence with an E4Q are quadrilateral 4 sided elements Each E4Q line describes the element ID the four nodes that define its connectivity and spatial extent in a counter clockwise direction and the material type Similar to E4Q the E3T lines are triangular elements Each E3T line describes the element ID the three nodes that define its connectivity and spatial extent in a counter clockwise direction and the material type Lines that commence with a NS are nodestrings which are used to define boundary conditions Each NS
29. EEE Morphological Update Coasta Update Coastal Water Quality and Water al processes Ecology WQ Interface GIS Environment A Sediment Transport ST For specific features listed there are icons as follows ax core capability feature used frequently v able to do within product feature used less frequently A feature considered for future releases does not have the capability Ee mu dum TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA F LOW n e BMT WBM Before starting 9 3 Before starting 3 1 TUFLOW FV program The TUFLOW FV executable tuflowfv exe is a command console program A model is started by calling the executable with the control file fvc as the first and only argument If no argument is specified the command line will request the user input one See Section 3 4 TUFLOW FV is a multi threaded program based on the OpenMP shared memory model It will automatically spawn multi threaded simulations where the number of threads can be set by specifying an OMP NUM THREADS environment variable If not explicitly specified the OMP NUM THREADS value will be assumed to equal to the NUMBER OF PROCESSORS environment variable Example C gt set OMP NUM THREADS 4 C ND Tuflowfv exe 3 2 TUFLOW FV dongles Performing TUFLOW FV simulations will require the presence of a suitably licensed hardware lock TUFLOW FV supports both local license and network license versions of the WIBU co
30. FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA Command File FVC Reference 130 Command Line Default Description TBC BC time scale timescale Updated atevery Allows the user to specify the update timestep BC update dt model timestep for a boundary condition Update timestep gt This is especially useful for gridded boundaries If not specified the BC is updated at every model timestep I Allows the user to specify whether the various Includes MSLP water level boundary conditions include an lt 1 0 gt inverse barometer offset The default assumption 1 is that the boundary does already include an inverse barometer component If Includes MSLP 0 then an offset determined by the local MSLP difference from the reference MSLP is applied at the boundary Layer lt layer gt Number of vertical layers in boundary Nlayers condition lt nlayers gt Csv file containing the vertical distribution of Vertical distribution lt vdfil gt m Options for coordinate type Vertical coordinate type lt ztyp gt Elevation BC nodestrings lt id1 idn gt Applicable for wave inputs Sub type lt wsm gt cell centred radiation stress gradient area integration 2 face centred radiation stress boundary integration m TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA F LOW ES S BMT WBM Command File FVC Reference 131 Command Line Default Descript
31. Recommended TUFLOW FV Control File Sections Section Command Categories locations of files etc Start End Times Hubdeme Physica Parameters Boundary Conditions Global winds waves rainfall etc Nodestring external boundaries water levels flows etc Cell Source Node point source Output directory Prescribe model output Additional Modules Depending upon your preference these commands can be included in the above structure for example your Definition category may include specification to include the advanced modules or as separate entries for example if you started with a HD model then added salinity as a subsequent step Structures 3D Salinity temperature density Heat exchange Sediments Water Quality We FLOW e BMT WBM TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA Command File FVC Reference 116 8 4 Control File Structure General 8 4 1 Definition Command Line Default Description 1 0 01 Allows the user to specify the minimum cell Display Depth depth for which a cell will be displayed as minimum display wet in SMS depth m I SANE location as Specifies the directory for writing the log file Logdir lt path gt fvc file output If not specified the Logdir defaults to the control file directory or to a log subdirectory where this has been first created by the user No default At any location in the fvc file an include file
32. a Digital Elevation Model DEM of the study area using the available sources of bathymetry topography data and GIS software DEMs can be directly imported to some mesh building environments such as SMS and used to guide the mesh construction prior to interpolating the elevation data to the TUFLOW FV mesh Alternatively and depending on the capability of the mesh building software the digitised bathymetry topography x y z scatter datasets may be directly imported to the mesh building environment and interpolated to the mesh Various bathymetry and topography datasets are freely available online Note that these datasets are typically of a regional scale and may not resolve local features An example DEM constructed using MapInfo software from a combination of hydrographic survey LIDAR and digitised nautical chart data sources is shown in Figure 4 1 a a g a a a a a co a ci a ceo o cei a e a3 a a a ei ei el e4 el y o e a ei Elevation m AHD Figure 4 1 Digital Elevation Model of Port Curtis Queensland Australia 4 4 Mesh construction Using mesh generation software create a model mesh Design a mesh that takes full advantage of the flexible mesh approach and also avoids pitfalls and disadvantages Section 7 1 provides further information ar D 7568 TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA F LOW 5 BMT WBM Recommended steps in the modelling process 26 TUFLOW FV solves the NLSWE on unstr
33. a series of polygons It is these polygons that we can now individually investigate and specify mesh properties for 4 Build the mesh but need to go back and increase vertex resolution A Now we can build a mesh To build the mesh id sms tutorial sms use the menu commands Feature objects Map gt 2D Mesh Slee Web Window Help Delete H LL Build Polygons Clean at ilt Transform Feature Objects Map gt Scatter Map gt 20 Mesh o The resulting mesh as shown doesn t look very good But it is a mesh A mesh has been created using 6 triangular elements pave connected by the nodes which in this case are the 8 points used to define the extents of the trapezoidal channel Le d 4 Sa FLOW e BMT WBM TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA Quick SMS and TUFLOW FV Tutorial 42 Ee SMS 10 1 rapid sms tutorial sms Pu File Edit Display Feature Objects Web Window Help GHSt Maree es ane nn nes SS 2 Mesh Module elevation v Mesh Data o v1 Mesh elevation c 158 Scatter Data E ow Scatter From Map elevation V ER Map Data M default coverage 3 Is gn E IN Hds077 Note in the image that the scatter data set has been unticked in the explorer window this hides the scatter data in the display which makes the other information easier to see Also unclick the mesh data set to better inspect the mesh module information
34. are 3 specific line block types that TUFLOW FY reads and uses 1 The element or cell definitions lines defining elements begin with the characters E4Q or ET3 2 The node definitions lines defining nodes begin with the characters ND 3 The nodestring definitions lines defining nodestrings begin with the characters NS Note that if created using SMS the 2dm file contains additional blocks which TUFLOW FV ignores that are not described below 10 1 Element definitions E4Q and E3T The 2dm file begins with a header line followed by a list of element definitions Figure 10 1 shows the first 20 lines of a mesh file using the UltraEdit text editor Mesh elements can be either quadrilateral or triangular A line describing a quadrilateral element begins with E4Q and is followed by a number corresponding to the element or cell id The next 4 numbers are the IDs of the 4 nodes that define the quadrilateral element corners in a counter clockwise direction The final number is the element material 1d that is used to define areas with the same bed roughness The SMS screen shot in Figure 10 2 shows a quadrilateral element highlighted in red with the panel below describing how the element is defined in the mesh file A line in the mesh file that describes a triangular element begins with E3T and is followed by a number corresponding to the element or cell id The next 3 numbers are the ids of the
35. between each cross section This is particularly the case around river bends and if linear interpolation between successive cross sections is performed To address these issues within a GIS breaklines are created We FLOW e BMT WBM TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA Tips Tricks and Troubleshooting 101 Step DEM Generation in a GIS Interactions with mesh generation mesh alignment follows breaklines and is snapped to data points From the TIN or via an alternative To avoid smoothing errors created by interpolation technique a DEM is interpolating DEM elevations onto the mesh a generated with a given resolution DEM resolution that is finer than the smallest element size is recommended 7 1 8 The number of nodes and elements in a mesh TUFLOW FV requires that there is consecutive numbering for nodes and elements in the input mesh file the 2dm file In other words if you have 100 nodes in your mesh then the highest node ID will be 100 Mesh generation tools may allow you to have gaps in the ID lists of both nodes and elements and this situation often occurs when you are adding or removing elements etc during the mesh design process As a final step in the mesh generation process it is recommended that you renumber the mesh To do this in SMS follow the steps e Select a nodestring any will do however a boundary nodestring is preferred e Click on the menu command Nodestrings gt Renumber o
36. e Use of other models In particular HEC RAS is commonly used to establish flow conditions through structures The calculated Q values from HEC RAS simulations for a range of upstream and downstream water levels can provide a relatively straightforward means of creating a hQh matrix When deriving the hQh relationship care must be taken to ensure that entry and exit losses are being applied appropriately Depending upon the layout of the structure in the mesh design the hQh relationship can represent all of the losses that occur in a structure or only internal losses The following figure provides an illustration of this concept ite TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA T U F LOW eE Par WBM Tips Tricks and Troubleshooting 107 ETT a hhii XOU E AE V A Hrt 22h a assan HH AFN ae hak aT 3 EPA ALS E Figure 7 3 Examples of different approaches to defining a structure 7 6 4 Logic controls Logic controls adjust flow conditions through the structure according to a series of logical rules specified by the user This is particularly useful for applications with adjustable structures such as drop gates sluices etc Note that adjustable the adjustable weir options are suitable for simulation of levee breach and failures etc Contact support tuflow com for more information The top image assumes that all losses including entry and exit losses are fully incorporated into the hQh
37. file 4 6 Model Parameterisation Define what processes and parameter values are to be assigned to the model ensuring that their values lie within scientifically justifiable ranges 4 6 1 Turbulent Mixing Unresolved mixing processes are modelled as gradient diffusion where the eddy viscosity for momentum mixing and the diffusivity for scalar mixing can be parameterised using various options 4 6 1 1 Eddy viscosity The horizontal mixing eddy viscosity can be defined as a constant value or can be calculated using the Smagorinsky model The Smagorinsky model sets the diffusivity proportional to the local strain rate The vertical mixing eddy viscosity can be defined as a constant value or can be calculated using a parametric model The parametric model is based on a parabolic eddy viscosity profile and applies the Munk amp Anderson limiters in the case of stable stratification Upper and lower bound values can be specified for the horizontal and vertical eddy viscosities 4 6 1 2 Scalar diffusivity The horizontal mixing scalar diffusivity can be defined as a constant value or can be calculated using the Smagorinsky or Elder models The Elder model calculates an an isotropic diffusivity tensor with principal axes aligned with the flow direction and which scales on the local friction velocity The Elder model allows the user to specify higher mixing in the longitudinal flow direction than transverse to the flow The vertical mixing scal
38. mesh_to_Fl exe Path to TUFLOUFU exe C TUFLOW_FUS exe Deusx64 TU FLOWFU exe Press any key to convert to TUFLOW FU Format Press any key to continue Press any key to begin the conversion press any key Once the conversion is completed the console will pause E C Windows system32 cmd exe j fee C TUFLOW_ FUSTutorial RiverBendtecho of d Current Directory C TUFLOW_FUS Tutorial RiverBend Input 2d mesh File RiverBend_Meshiii 2dm Output control File RiverBend_Mezhiii fuc Path to 2dm convertor G TUFLOW deu Tuf low ltilities mesh to FU XHelease mesh to FU exe Path to TUFLOWFU exe G TUFLOMH PU exe Deu x64 TIUFLOWUFU exe Press any key to convert to TUFLOU FU Format Press any key to continue Converting 2dm into fuc control file Done If no errors press any key to start simulation Press any key to continue a a m In the same directory as the SMS project is saved a TUFLOWF V folder has been created a di Tutorial d P RrverBend di data Provided 4 j TUFLOWFV di bc Ji geo a di input ii log di output In the TUFLOWFV input directory which contains the control file fvc This can be opened in a text editor The first part of the control file is displayed below sre F E TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA Tutorial models 84 WBM 002 tcf O WBM 003 2012 tcf WBM 002 2012 tlf WBM 003 2012 tlf RiverBend MeshO001 fvc x ITUFLOW FV control file fvc generated from
39. mx my Typ IBC ee FLOW S BMT WBM Command File FVC Reference 128 8 4 10 Description of BC Block Commands Command Line Default Ss One block BC lt bc type required for each id input file gt boundary type End bc BC Header lt Headerl Header2 gt TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA Description This command indicates the beginning of a Boundary Condition BC Block See Table 8 1 for list of boundary types Boundary conditions can be e Global winds waves rainfall etc e Nodestring external boundaries water levels flows etc o The id value is the nodestring identifier from SMS or if using SMS versions earlier than 11 0 the sequential order of the nodestrings in the 2dm file e Cell source o The id value is the cell ID from the geometry Possible commands that can be used to specify a BC block are BC header BC offset BC scale factor BC update dt Includes MSLP Allows the user to specify the CSV input file column headers or NETCDF file variable names overwriting the defaults in Table 8 2 This command should immediately follow a BC command For example the following lines apply a cell inflow at the cell which lies at the xy coordinate 1025 5 950 5 It looks in the specified csv file for columns Time Tailwater_Flow Turbidity BC QC 1025 5 2950 5 bc tailwater_discharge csv BC header Time Tailwater_Flow Turbid
40. nodestring flow Q boundaries BC 2 is a cell inflow boundary QC and BC 4 is a nodestring water level boundary bc Q 1 bcs testbc csv bc header Time QYB1 end bc bo 00 215 5 956 21 WAbosWtestbeo gsv bc header Time QYB2 end bc bc Q 3 WMbcsNtestbc csv bc header Time QX1 end bc bc WL 4 NbcsNtestbc csv bc header time WSE end bc The first 5 lines of the corresponding csv file which defines the values assigned to the boundaries is as follows Time QYB1 QYB2 QX1 WSE Urzos d LO6bpd609 20 516504659 20431065410659 9 397306 Lp 1992495908555 62 9200351354907 2421793 10 024572 Ar B02 7029009 00 56973406 901 4978653 154 965158 3 844 1251969 580 27607029 943 34742 T4 17 212096 90602477685 06 01072256 9604 9905024 7 394936 2 901 9198805 52 90200852 997 8549085 17 9523144 As shown the BC command line defines the column headers which correspond to the first line in the csv file 7 6 Structures 7 6 1 Overview TUFLOW FV has a series of structure options see Section 8 5 for a description of syntax r N7 FLOW emt wav TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA Tips Tricks and Troubleshooting 104 Some important notes associated with the structures Specification of an hQh relationship allows the user to insert practically any structure type bridges culverts multiple structures etc This specification does however require some careful preparation of the hQh re
41. on a nodestring has a prefix then the following number is the nodestring ID It is this last number the nodestring ID that TUFLOW FV uses to identify the boundary condition Nodestring order does not influence open boundaries inflow into the model domain is assigned positive and outflow out of the model domain is negative irrespective of the node order in the nodestring 7 4 3 Initial condition boundary condition mismatch It s a common situation Modellers always try to avoid warming up a model and hope that putting a 10 000 m s inflow into an otherwise still model will run smoothly TUFLOW FV is a relatively resilient model but it has its limits e FLOW S BMT WBM TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA Tips Tricks and Troubleshooting 103 As a quick fix increasing the Stability Limits can assist Otherwise a warmup of the boundary condition transitioning from the initial state to the preferred boundary condition should be considered 7 5 Using multiple column csv files in a BC boundary The BC command line see Section 8 4 9 defines the csv file and column header associated with a particular boundary condition Thus the BC command line should have the column header of the time column and the boundary value column To illustrate the following BC commands extracted from an fvc file define a series of 4 boundary conditions each of which is a column in a multi column csv file BC 1 and 3 are
42. relationship The bottom image assumes that only internal losses for example friction losses through a culvert or pier losses through a bridge are included in the hQh relationship while entry and exit losses are simulated in the TUFLOW FV mesh ar 7 c I UFLOW emt wav TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA Tips Tricks and Troubleshooting 108 7 7 TUFLOW FV is cell centred The cells or elements are the computational blocks of the finite volume approach used by TUFLOW FV This means that TUFLOW FV uses a single bed level value assigned to each cell in its calculations then produces output that is applicable for each cell cell velocities are derived from the values across each cell face This in itself 1s not a problem However at present SMS only permits values to be assigned at nodes the corners of the cells Thus when TUFLOW FV reads the 2dm file during a model simulation the cell centred bed levels are interpolated from the corner node values Then when writing output via the datv output format TUFLOW FV interpolates cell centred results back onto the corner nodes In many instances this interpolation of both input bed levels and output results is not an issue However there may be instances where it is an issue It is important to be aware of this constraint The following sections provide some insight in this regard 7 8 How do I get cell centred outputs SMS will not open a file with cell centred results and
43. shift button down to select all nodes between first clicked and second clicked nodes These nodestrings are used to specify boundary conditions at a later time see Section 5 2 Nodestrings should all be created from right to left while looking downstream TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA TU FLOW Qua WBM Quick SMS and TUFLOW FV Tutorial 48 F SMS 10 1 rapid sms tutorial sms a File Edit Display Data Nodes WNodestrings Elements Mesh Web Window Help d Ha jmessjxr vl z s vx y a 7 7 Mesh Module elevation v Mesh Data SS 03 7 q Mesh 0 4 elevation 2141 c1 Scatter Data 4 8 Of Scatter_From_Map 25 elevation de EX Map Data pa OB default coverage 4 6 53 6 0 KI PEA m WEA d Save now You have completed the construction of a mesh congratulations 8 Visualise A The best way to admire your handiwork is to use the Rotate button re This allows you to visualise the mesh in perspective view T U F LOW e BMT WBM TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA Quick SMS and TUFLOW FV Tutorial 49 5 2 Aquick TUFLOW FV model setup The following example takes the model mesh of a trapezoidal channel created in Section 5 1 and sets up runs and visualises a hydrodynamic simulation Specifications for the model setup of Flume 2 are as follows TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA The bed is lined with a coarse concrete a Manning fricti
44. simulation one after another The following shows the contents of a 4 line batch file which could be named TUFLOW FV Simulations bat C Program FilesNTUFLOWFVNexeNwin32NTUFLOWFV exe runO1 fvc C Program FilesNTUFLOWFVNexeNwin32NTUFLOWFV exe run02 fvc C Program FilesNTUFLOWFVNexeNwin32NTUFLOWFV exe run03 fvc pause The bat file is run or opened by double clicking on it in Explorer This opens a Console Window and then executes each line of the bat file The pause at the end stops the Console window from closing automatically after completion of the last simulation Note that the full path and executable is within double quotes this is needed when there is a space in the command Comment lines are specified in a bat file using in the first column or alternatively a REM For example if you want to re run only the first simulation in the examples above and include a description for the batch file edit the file as follows REM TUFLOW FV Model simulations for demonstration project REM CFN 09 11 2011 C Program FilesNTUFLOWFVNexeNwin32NTUFLOWFV exe runO1 fvc REM C Program Files TUFLOWFV exe win32 TUFLOWFV exe run02 fvc C Program FilesNTUFLOWFVNexeNwin32NTUFLOWFV exe run03 fvc pause 3 4 4 1 Changing priority Windows NT 2000 XP 7 can assign a process a different priority level using the Task Manager This is very useful for running simulations in the background without slowing down o
45. spy that when exceeded ee FLOW S BMT WBM TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA Command File FVC Reference 141 Command Line Default lt tv gt Description will trigger a change in structure elevations Note that currently the trigger value can only be an absolute water level A comma separated file with structure Control file controls lt cfile gt u The file contains a header line with specific column labels required for specific structure types If flux function weir adjust e Column headers Time weir crest If cell function zb adjust e Column headers Time zb If flux function weir dz adjust or cell function dzb adjust e Column headers Time dzb The Time values are specified as e If control trigger o Time is in hours from the moment that the structure adjustment commences e If control time series o Time is in hours from the start of the model simulation If active a structural log file will be created logfilename slf containing the operational behaviour of the structure through time 8 5 2 Wind Atmospheric Pressure and waves Structure logging lt 0 1 gt Command Line Default Description True 1 if wind Includes wind forcing in the calculations O for Include wind boundary false 1 for true 0 1 condition specified through Wind forcing will
46. the steps performed here and expand upon them to develop more complex real world models e Tips tricks troubleshooting Section 7 contains suggested solutions to commonly encountered problems plus tips to help you make the most of TUFLOW FV This includes tips on flexible mesh generation e Command file references Sections 8 and O provide the reference to each command available in TUFLOW FYV Use the lists of available commands in Sections 8 1 and 9 1 as a starting point for navigating the reference Section O0 provides a description of the 2dm mesh file e References The references include those identified in the document plus additional references where TUFLOW FV has been documented in scientific literature I UFLOW FV e FLOW S BMT WBM TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA Introduction 3 2 Introduction 2 1 Whatis TUFLOW FV TUFLOW FV is an engine for performing 2D and 3D hydrodynamic simulations The model solves the Non linear Shallow Water Equations NLSWE on a flexible mesh using a finite volume numerical scheme Specific features and capabilities e Finite volume explicit Fully dynamic gt Timestep dependent upon CFL Courant number e Flexible mesh gt More flexibility when designing a mesh gt Can use a fixed grid if preferred e Parallelised gt Can run on multiple processors on a single computer e Stable numerical scheme Shock capturing capability stable in supercritical f
47. timestep s max timestep s gt requires two entries in the command line such as Timestep Limits 0 1 10 0 Some command lines specify an on or off switch for a particular parameter e nsuchcases a 1 means on or TRUE and a 0 means off or FALSE When specifying file names in the fvc file it is recommended that relative file paths are specified This will make the TUFLOW FV simulation files more portable it s easier to move an entire folder structure in this way However a full path name can also be inserted if preferred a common example is when output files are written to a separate folder on another disk drive Strictly speaking TUFLOW FV inputs are entered as integers whole numbers reals float or decimal numbers and characters text The command line entries in the following tables adhere to this syntax although real numbers can be inserted as integers e For example the default CFL 1 0 can also be entered as CFL I Finally take note that not all command lines have to be included in an fvc file A simple model setup often requires only a small list of command lines while the remaining model parameters etc are either unused or remain as the default value e FLOW S BMT WBM TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA Command File FVC Reference 115 8 3 Control File Layout See Section 3 9 for further discussion on the layout of the fvc file Table 8 1
48. user inputs see Section 8 5 1 Specifying a weir using this method provides an exact solution to the weir equation But TUFLOW FV will simulate weir flow using the standard shallow water equations SWE How accurate is this approach fe TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA FLOW BMT WBM Tips Tricks and Troubleshooting 111 Consider the following test with a broad crested weir which is 5 m high and 250 m across with a 1000 m s discharge applied Using the standard weir equation the water level upstream of the weir is 6 765 m Running a simulation without applying the weir equation and using a Manning s n 0 018 upstream water levels can differ A series of tests were applied with various cell resolutions across the weir and compared to the exact solution from the weir equation The tests and the resulting elevation upstream are shown in the following table ID Test Elevation Images showing mesh above weir resolution across weir crest iode 1 2 and 4 cells SWE 1 cell width SWE 2 cell width SWE 4 cell width Application of a weir nodestring structure C 1 7 5 SWE 1 cell width but with the Manning s friction increased across the weir n 0 035 i Standard Weir Equation As shown the nodestring structure test 4 perfectly matches the weir equation test 6 The solution using the shallow water equations SWE tends to underpredict head loss across the structure If the numb
49. 10 10 AA F LOW SS e BMT WBM Tutorial models 68 2D Mesh Polygon Properties Mesh Type Paving T Bias 0 0 1 0 1 00 hal Bathymetry Type The mesh type patch uses quadrilateral elements preferentially Change the mesh type to Patch and select Preview Mesh With the entire section of river as a single patch mesh the quadrilateral elements get wrapped around the bend as shown in the image below Note You may receive an error about overlapping elements 2D Mesh Polygon Properties Mesh Type Patch Bathymetry Type Constant 10 0 Maternal Gravel fe TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA F LOW S BMT WBM Tutorial models 69 To avoid this it is best to include sections across the channel perpendicular to flow at regular spacing along the channel and in particularly around the bends me to snap to existing vertices new ones will be created if required An example is shown below once To do this use the create feature arc button to create the lines across the river These do not need the lines are drawn 10 vertices should be distributed along each arc Using the select tool multiple arcs can be selected holding down shift Once the additional arcs have been created the polygons need to be rebuilt To do this select Features Objects gt gt Build Polygons from the menu Once rebuilt the individual polygons can be selected and have dif
50. 2dm file contents right 29 Figure 4 5 Illustration of vertical discretisation options sigma coordinates top z coordinates middle and hybrid z sigma coordinates bottom from publicwiki deltares nl 33 Figure 6 1 River Bend Tutorial Bathymetry Data 59 Figure 6 2 River Bend Tutorial Land Use Data 60 Figure 6 3 River Bend Tutorial Table of Contents in SMS 61 Figure 7 1 Illustration of the user inputs for an hQh structure 104 Figure 7 2 Illustration of the computational logic for an hQh structure 106 Figure 7 3 Examples of different approaches to defining a structure 107 Figure 10 1 TUFLOW FV Mesh File Viewed Using UltraEdit Text Editor 157 Figure 10 2 Example Quadrilateral Element Definition 158 Figure 10 3 Example Triangular Element Definition 158 Figure 10 4 Example Node Definition 159 Figure 10 5 Example Nodestring Definition 160 iti TU F LOW IO BMT WBM TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA List of Tables vill List of Tables Table 2 1 Comparison of TUFLOW and TUFLOW FV 7 Table 3 1 File formats and file extensions used by TUFLOW FV 16 Table 3 2 Recommended TUFLOW FV Directory Structure 17 Table 6 1 River bend Tutorial Suggested Manning s Values 81 Table 7 1 Interaction between DEM generation and mesh generation 100 Table 8 1 Recommended TUFLOW FV Control File Sections 115 Table 8 2 BC types 131 Table 8 3 Output Types 135 Table 8 4 Output Parameters 135 d i RN rU F LOW IO BMT WBM TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BU
51. 7 228 228 229 232 231 219 220 221 223 214 215 216 217 218 229 230 231 233 209 210 211 213 213 214 215 216 217 219 220 221 223 pp O9 9 PPP PRP PPD NP Figure 10 2 Example Quadrilateral Element Definition 208 209 210 211 21z 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 224 E40 E40 E40 E40 E40 E3T E4Q E3T E4Q E40 E40 E40 E40 2 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 2368 239 242 241 244 235 245 2sv 246 246 247 250 249 239 229 240 230 241 231 243 233 294 233 434 1 236 235 235 1 236 237 247 239 2468 240 249 241 291 243 Hr Iu rm N BP Pe Figure 10 3 Example Triangular Element Definition TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA UFLOW e BMT WBM 159 2dm Mesh File Format Reference 10 2 Node definitions ND A line in the mesh file that defines a node begins with ND and is followed by a number corresponding to the node id The final three numbers in a node line define the X Y spatial position of the node in either Cartesian or Spherical coordinates and the elevation in meters at that location The screen shot in Figure 10 4 shows node 236 selected and its corresponding position and elevation displayed in the X Y Z dialog boxes The panel below describes how the node is defined in the mesh file E3 SMS 10 1 untitled sms a File Edit Display Data Nodes Modestrings Elements Mesh Web Window Help usHat B
52. 864D0E 06 O 684157 5E 07 0 482 0 665 5 0 5518 81E 06 0 6841614E 07 0 390 0 475 m First 20 lines displayed Help Back Finish Cancel Select Finish to open the data There will be a new scatter dataset created in the display options set the points to be visible and select Use contour colour scheme d TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA F LOW p e BMT WBM Tutorial models 03 Display Options Scatter Contours Vectors iv Points Inactive color W Use contour color scheme O Natica gid Triangles Point names Boundary Point numbers Contours Scalar values Velocity vectors i Breaklines 0 0 if Show option pages for existing data only Help In the contour options set the contour range to highlight the cells with small timesteps Date range Liataset Min 0 2590000033379 Mex 43 0600071373291 I Specify arange Min 30 2 I4 Fill below MWe E W Fill above The timesteps should now appear as a series of points as per the image below This can be used to identify the cells that are limiting the timestep of the model In this case the limiting cells are in the deep water around the bends in the model To increase the speed of the model we would need to relax the mesh definition in these areas In Section 6 2 8 we look at refining the mesh in a shallow area to see how this impacts on model runtime
53. ASH x 515431 48 Y 6970627 9 EL Mesh Data v amp default coverage elevation v Map Data v amp D default coverage ITIEA DE z 165624 fh a Ld S15000 0 6970434 6 Node info 1 selected id 236 DOET 10 20 30 40 BO EC 70 8D 30 9726 ND 230 5 15807750e 005 6 97065546e 006 5 27855000e 001 9727 ND 231 5 15166130e 005 6 97073383e 006 2 66195000e 000 9728 ND 232 5 15121600e 005 6 97074626e 006 2 17900000e 000 9729 ND 233 5 15214660e 005 6 97071940e 006 8 6458z000e 4000 9730 ND 234 5 15306940e 005 6 97066690e 006 1 61260000e 001 9731 ND 235 5 15399210e 005 6 97065840e 006 1 59007000e 001 9732 ND 236 5 15491480e 005 6 97062790e 006 1 65624000e 001 9733 ND 237 5 15583760e 005 6 97059739e 006 1 63117000e 001 9734 ND 238 5 15676030e 005 6 97056669e 006 1 61460000e 001 9735 ND 239 5 15716970e 005 6 97055155e 006 1 01942000e 001 9736 ND 240 5 15761900e 005 6 97053622e 006 3 72059000e 001 9737 ND 241 5 15174110e 005 6 97060721e 006 7 99626000e 000 9738 ND 242 5 15093150e 005 6 97062203e 006 7 75615000e 000 Figure 10 4 Example Node Definition 10 3 Nodestring definitions NS TUFLOW FV uses nodestrings to define open boundary locations A line in the mesh file that defines a nodestring begins with NS and is followed by a list of node ids that connect to create the nodestring Figure 10 5 shows a nodestring across an open boundary of a mesh The panel below
54. As yu TLL WD py Hm Il i I ijili MITT LLLLUTT ELE NS yu nm TOOT I puni Il DA I ul ji LE MTE um Il n I i Il A Il s mijili n EHE LETS TO Le HTT Te a A ELTE n pip LTL MTT LOL E LULL TETTE E LLL PUT QUOT TINT yu CETTE DUCED TTT pea ST MTT TOTO Hp pn l ul 1 Tol ul ATI MA TELE LLL T ELTE zu TU ROUTE TELT Wu METH m Ji LE PE pi ir UT COLLUTT DOLLOP TETTE KLL Zn JI IT ppe C TT LTT ee Te TT E ALLUTATI OUT TLT T is LATIN ETET E EETEELIT T OU AT yu yu yl 4 I n pat I Eo h a Tc a a TT ATT 1 1 LS S 3 Bur dfe zu tate TTT LTT ET etter ce ATCT TTT HO TM tot al LITT soll Hipp pe HE e E E pH EE EE EE E ETETETT FTEREHLTTTERLELTTTEDLEUTTTERLLLETEERLE LETT TELLE TETEELELTTT ECL LET TTLELEUT TT ELLE LET TEPLLLETTERLELETTEELL LT TTETLLL T n ll un ll n M ll m ll m n ll m m ll m ll n ll m m II n ll I yl n ul yu qu yu yu yu yu yu yu ul 1 T TTF T N T LLLA D n JT yu yu ul ul ul ul yu yu yu yu yu IF TTE Figure 6 2 River Bend Tutorial Land Use Data TE Ee iene TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA I J FL Software y BMT WBM Tutorial models 61 Te je Scatter Data Figure 6 3 River Bend Tutorial Table of Contents in SMS 6 2 2 Mesh Creation Before starting it is a good idea to save a project in SMS when loading the project all the base data will be loaded To save a project select File gt gt Save as Save the project as RiverBend Mesh001 sms and ensure the file is being saved a
55. C File CWG TrueView Emergency Backup Drawing i DWG True View Temporary File i MONE amp udiaCD el MONE Drive CPIMOUME DWD Video RIARI Cil Cala New Details for PL extension Opens with Files with extension FYO are of type FYC File Ta change settings that affect all FYE File files click Advanced Apply ee WE TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA F LOW SS e BMT WBM Before starting 12 4 Click Advanced to bring up the dialog below you can add a new icon and change the file type description here Edit File Type Actions Confirm open after download Always show extension 5 Choose New and enter text to describe the Action eg Run TUFLOW FV this text appears on the pop up menu when you click the right mouse button on an fvc file in Explorer Enter or use Browse to specify the path to TUFLOWfv exe note the need for quotes if the path has any spaces After TUFLOWfv exe add a space then 1 including the quotes as shown below Choose OK The Application used to perform action field should be something like C Program Files TUFLOWFV exe win32 TUFLOWFV exe 1 Mew Action ed x Action Run TUFLOW FY Ook Application used to perform action I TUFLOWFWVexewin321TUFLOWFW exe 551 use DDE 6 The action should now appear in the list under Actions It is not recommended that a Run TUFLOW FV action
56. FLOW FV using either sigma coordinate or a hybrid z coordinate vertical mesh Three dimensional simulations can optionally use a mode splitting approach to efficiently solve the external free surface mode in 2D at a timestep constrained by the surface wave speed while the internal 3D mode is updated less frequently As a step in the development of a 3D model a 2D simulation should be performed first Once the 2D model has been optimised and output verified the modeller may then choose to perform a 3D simulation e FLOW S BMT WBM TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA Recommended steps in the modelling process 33 Sea Surface Figure 4 5 Illustration of vertical discretisation options sigma coordinates top z coordinates middle and hybrid z sigma coordinates bottom from publicwiki deltares nl n WE TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA F LOW 5 BMT WBM Recommended steps in the modelling process 34 4 6 4 Baroclinic Baroclinic pressure gradient terms can be optionally activated to allow the hydrodynamic solution to respond to temperature salinity and sediment induced density gradients 4 6 5 Atmospheric Exchange Atmospheric heat and momentum exchange can also be calculated given standard meteorological parameter inputs by an integrated module 4 7 Test Model performance Once the required input files have been prepared model performance should be tested e Mesh accurately represents th
57. FU Press any key to continue This error indicates that SMS has quadratic elements enabled This means that the cell sides have nodes this is not yet supported by TUFLOW FV The mid side nodes can be seen by making the nodes visible in the display options increase the size to make these easier to see Mid Side Nodes Enables Quadratic In order to convert from quadratic mid side nodes to linear cell corner nodes only select Elements gt gt Linear lt gt Quadratic This switches between the two options sre Sa FLOW f BMT wem TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA Tutorial models 96 TUFLOW FV Web Windi ptions Triangulate Optimize Triangulation Rectangular Patch Triangular Patch Select Thin Triangles Find Merge Triangles Split Quadrilaterals QUADS lt gt QUADS Linear lt gt Quadratic Refine Relax Assign Material Type E i Cell Corner Nodes Only Linear 6 2 8 Optional Exercise Refining the Mesh In this section we will increase the resolution in the mesh to see how the impacts on the results and runtime of the model Save the project as RiverBend Mesh002 sms to avoid overwriting the previous version of the model Once a new project has been saved in a shallow area of the model double to resolution in the model see the image below for a suggested loc
58. GITE TE slim modes WSO SAT EXE cc program filessms 11 0 models tabs otgenv45 exe 12 06 2012 5 58 PM Windows If mesh to FV exe 14 05 2012 10 04 Applicatic E TUFLOW FV 2dm 14 05 201210 57 2DMFile Figure 3 2 SMS Interface Setting Generic Interface Location TU FLOW M7 BMT WBM TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA Before starting 21 3 10 2 Loading the Interface When using the SMS interface for TUFLOW FV the steps involved in creating the model are e Create the model mesh see Section 4 4 and the SMS tutorials e Set the model boundaries and parameters e Select Run TUFLOW FY in the menu choose TUFLOW FV gt Run TUFLOW FV This a Creates the TUFLOW FV directory structure and converts the SMS 2dm file to TUFLOW FV format inputs b Runs TUFLOW FV on the newly created inputs When RUN TUFLOW FV is selected this starts the batch file which firstly converts the model and then runs the model An example model using the interface is provided in Section 6 2 Before starting the creation of the model mesh the TUFLOW FV definition needs to be loaded into SMS this 1s done by opening the TUFLOW FV 2dm provided with the download see Figure 3 3 Once loaded a TUFLOW FV menu item is visible as shown in Figure 3 4 At this stage with no model mesh created most of the options are un selectable grey NOTE The Define Model is used to create modify the interface this should not be modifie
59. ILD 2010 10 AA Navigating the Manual 1 Navigating the Manual 1 1 About This Manual This document is a User Manual for the TUFLOWFV exe hydrodynamic computational engine This engine is driven through a Console DOS Window and relies on third party software to provide the interface to the user and the engines These software are typically a text editor eg Notepad a mesh generator eg SMS result viewing eg SMS and also possibly a GIS platform eg MapInfo Please also refer to the user documentation or help for the third party software you have chosen to use in addition to this manual Setting up a TUFLOW FV model generally requires building a flexible mesh and the quality of the mesh can have a significant influence on model performance Recognising this the manual provides guidance for developing a flexible mesh and an example of creating a flexible mesh using our preferred mesh generator SMS 1 2 How to Use This Manual This manual is designed for both hardcopy and digital usage Section table and figure references are hyperlinked click on the Section Table or Figure number in the text to move to the relevant page Similarly text file commands are hyperlinked and accessed through relevant lists front page and Section 8 There are also command hyperlinks in the text normally blue and underlined Command text can be copied and pasted into the text files to ensure correct spelling Some useful keys to navigate back
60. M TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA Tutorial models EH X Mesh Data T7 Nodes l Elements Functional surface v Contours v Vectors v Nodestings Mesh quality Mesh boundary TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA Options Options Options Options Materials Material boundaries Material numbers Node numbers Nodal elevations Wet dry boundary TUFLOW gt 86 BMT WBM Tutorial models 57 EH Mesh Data EIS Mesh Features MF elevation Iz RiverBend_Mesh001_V SFE RiverBend_Mesh001_V_mag 3 RiverBend_Mesh001_H ea Scatter Data BE RiverBend_Bathymetry fa3 Elevation ELI Map Data amp D Land Use Time steps 551071 1 6842723 6 Step through the results in the Time Steps window The contour increment can be changed in the display options In the Mesh Data there are three scalar dataset available for viewing elevation RiverBend_Mesh001_H and RiverBend Mesh001 V mag The elevation dataset does not change over time There is one vector set velocity available To extract time series at a point create a new Map Data coverage by right clicking on Map Data This should be set to an Observation type This is shown in the image below e FLOW S BMT WBM TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA Tutorial models 88 New Coverage Coverage Ty
61. MT WBM Command File FVC Reference 123 Command Line Default Description scalar diffusivity turbulence model used lt diffusivity Constant specify a constant isotropic coefficient s scalar diffusivity m2 s gt Smagorinsky specify the Smagorinsky coefficient Elder specify longitudinal and transverse coefficients calculates a non isotropic diffusivity See scalar mixing model command to set scalar mixing turbulence model Global horizontal scalar diffusivity limits v1 lt v2 gt Diffusivity limiter dt lt vl gt External turbulence model dir lt dir gt 8 4 6 Physical Parameters Command Line Default Description Gravitational acceleration g gravitational acceleration m s 2 __ _ _ Sets the latitude for Coriolis calculations Not Latitude required when a spherical coordinate system is latitude in used see also Spherical degrees ve for Southern Hemisphere gt 8 4 7 Materials Command Line Default Description ep FLOW S BMT WBM TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA Command File FVC Reference 124 Command Line Default Description Manning This command can be used to specify the Bottom drag model bottom drag model to be used in the lt Mann ing E simulation Ks The default model is Manning in which case a Manning s n coefficient should be specified An alternative model assumes a l
62. SMS mesh file 2dm Zdm file name RiverBend Mesh001 2dm Mesh to FV build 2012 05 AB I General Parameters Bottom Drag Model Manning CFL 0 9 Initial Water Level 0 0 Geometry Commands Geometry 2D geo RiverBend Mesh001 2dm Time Commands Time Format Hours Start Time 0 End Time 48 In the console window press any key to start the model If the model starts successfully the console window should appear as below UltraEdit DOS Command Window c 5 E Running simulation Number of OpenMP threads 8 Thread stacksize 4194364 Entering timestep loop t 6 666666 hrs dt Writing H datfile output t Writing U datfile output t 0 111031 hrs dt 0 169072 hrs dt elapsed 0 250082 hrs dt elapsed Writing H datfile output a S Writing U datfile output S 0 334826 hrs dt 2 elapsed 6 418399 hrs dt elapsed 0 500790 hrs dt B elapsed Writing H datfile output PS a Writing U datfile output E S 6 584682 hrs 17 z elapsed 0 671601 hrs elapsed 0 750865 hrs elapsed Writing H datfile 2 E S Mriting U datfile 5 B S 4 835696 hrs a 2 s elapsed 0 919506 hrs 2 elapsed 1 002837 hrs elapsed Writing H datfile d S Writing U datfile A S 1 685845 hrs 12 elapsed 1 167186 hrs elapsed 1 251386 hrs elapsed Writing H datfile e S Writing U datfile S 1 333524 hrs elapsed 1 418126 hrs elapsed
63. U FLOW S amr WBM Tutorial models Repeat the process along the channel an example is shown below J E aA Scatter Data EIE RiverBend_Bathymetry Erg Map Data 5 NBI ROO A i CHEE m Scatter Module Elevation 72 When you have finished creating you mesh areas we need to specify an elevation data source This can be done individually for each polygon however as the bathymetry source 1s consistent we can select all polygons using the polygon select tool e you can drag and drop a box around all polygons With all the polygons selected right click and select Attributes Delete Attributes Clear Selection Invert Selection Zoom to Selection Yat TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA We FLOW e BMT WBM Tutorial models T3 In the prompt tick the check box next to Bathymetry type and the select Scatter Set Once selected hit the Scatter Options button In the Scatter options set the Interpolation method to Linear and the extrapolation to Single Value and enter a value of 2 When SMS has reshaped the vertices along the edge of the model it is possible that some are just outside the bathymetry dataset The extrapolation method defines how these are set we have used a high elevation and alternative option is to use the Inverse Distance Weighting option 2D Mesh Multiple Polygon Properties Mesh type Patch iv Bathymetry type E Scatter Options Ma
64. al power We FLOW e BMT WBM TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA Recommended steps in the modelling process 24 The computational effort required to run a model simulation is a function of e The timestep which in turn is limited by the element in the model domain that limits the CFL number Section 7 3 provides further discussion on this aspect e How complex the numerical processes are eg an HD ST simulation will require additional computational effort compared to a HD simulation e The number of active wet elements or cells in the model domain note that this can vary from one timestep to another gt The spatial extent of a TUFLOW FV model ie the area to be modelled is typically guided by o the spatial extent of the problem to be solved o the availability and locality of data with which to define boundary conditions o the spatial extent of the key physical processes to be represented e The specified start and end time gt The temporal extent of a TUFLOW FV model ie the duration of model simulations is typically guided by the temporal extent of the key physical processes to be represented Examples include o a flood assessment requires simulation of individual flood events of hours duration o anestuarine assessment where tidal forces dominate requires simulations of semi diurnal and diurnal tidal cycles and possibly spring neap cycles o amorphological assessment may require simulatio
65. and end output water depth will be created 6 Run TUFLOW FV Once you re happy with the fvc file contents run TUFLOW FV See Section 3 4 for information on how to do this a right click from Explorer is a straightforward way Ec ltrop ste c diii Edit Run TLIFLOW Fi You may find that your simulation has crashed or some other syntax error in the inputs has caused it to stop If this happens open the log file to see what may have gone wrong Be logical and thoughtful in your model preparation often it s a simple mistake that causes the most frustration See Section 7 4 for advice 7 Check Results During the model simulation the result files will be written one for the water levels _H dat one for velocities V dat and another for water depths D dat They will have the same prefix as the fvc file in this example they will be called trap steady Ul Hadar trap steady 0l V dat trap steady 01 D dat To view them start SMS and open the 2dm file Then from either the SMS menu or by dragging into the SMS window open the dat files See the SMS manual for advice on viewing results files e FLOW S BMT WBM TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA Quick SMS and TUFLOW FV Tutorial ZA SMS 10 1 quick tutorial output view sms a File Edit Display Data Modes Nodestrings Elements Mesh Web Window Help ELEK aas kjk OO SO n u Mesh Module trap steady 01 H 0 06 00 00 v Mesh Da
66. and Line Default lt Q 1 gt Output Format dat Sheet output at cell centroids in SMS dat format Note that this output format can be read in as a scatter dataset and not as a data file attached to a 2dm geometry file see datv below datv Sheet output at cell vertices nodes in SMS dat format This is the required format to view results in SMS flux Flux across nodestrings specified in 2dm file Description Note that entering a flux output type will provide outputs at ALL nodestrings listed in the input 2dm geometry file mass Outputs a mass comma separated variable file with mass output Description 135 This command indicates the end of an output End Output block Table 8 3 Output Types Parameters H V D Z Sal Temp Sed 1 Scal 1 W10 MSLP Hsig T Wvdir Wvstr H V D Z Sal Temp Sed 1 Scal 1 W10 MSLP Hsig T Wvdir Wvstr N A This will output flow and salinity temperature sediment and scalar fluxes as required N A This will output flow and salinity temperature sediment and scalar mass as required Relevant Commands Output Parameters Output Interval Output Parameters Output Interval Output Interval Output Interval wa S aa S points Outputs result timeseries at specific locations as a csv file A points file needs to be read in using Output Points File command H V D Z Sal Temp Sed
67. ar diffusivity can be defined as a constant value or can be calculated using a parametric model The parametric model is based on a parabolic eddy viscosity profile and applies the Munk amp Anderson limiters in the case of stable stratification Wee FLOW e BMT WBM TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA Recommended steps in the modelling process 32 Upper and lower bound values can be specified for the horizontal and vertical scalar diffusivities 4 6 2 First or Second Order Higher order spatial schemes will produce more accurate results in the vicinity of sharp gradients due to reduced numerical diffusion however they will be more prone to developing instabilities and are more computationally expensive The first order schemes assume a piecewise constant value of the modelled variables in each cell whereas the second order schemes perform a linear reconstruction As a general rule of thumb initial model development should be undertaken using low order schemes with higher order spatial schemes tested during the latter stages of development If a significant difference is observed between low order and high order results then the high order solution is probably necessary or alternatively further mesh refinement is required Second order spatial accuracy will typically be required in the vertical direction when trying to resolve sharp stratification 4 6 3 2D 3D Three dimensional simulations can be performed within TU
68. ation L iin FLOW TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA tx BMT WBM Tutorial models 97 20 Segments ii 20m opacing Once the changes have been made to the feature arcs rebuild the mesh Feature Objects gt gt Map to Mesh Make sure to tick the delete the existing mesh 2D Mesh Options iw Delete existing mesh I Merge triangles after meshing W Use area coverage An example refined mesh is presented below e pu dum TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA F LOW SS e BMT WBM Tutorial models 98 If you are happy with the refined mesh save the project and run the model again e How much did the model runtime increase e Did the timestep in the model change ee FLOW S BMT WBM TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA Tips Tricks and Troubleshooting 99 7 Tips Tricks and Troubleshooting 7 1 Mesh generation tips 7 1 1 Primary goal The primary goal when designing a flexible mesh is to describe the key bathymetric and hydrodynamic features using the least largest element sizes possible This is why flexible meshes are used to optimise computational efficiency whilst achieving desired modelling accuracy 7 1 2 Combine manual and automated mesh generation techniques As shown in Section 5 1 creating a mesh is a combination of manual and automated steps Keep it this way maintaining a reasonable amount of manual intervention into the design of the mesh will ul
69. ation of the user inputs for an hQh structure The logic process for computing structure flow is as follows TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA Y FLOW pem aT BMT WBM Tips Tricks and Troubleshooting 105 Flows in the hQh table are distributed across the nodestring according to the relative widths of each individual cell face a cell face being the connecting line between two cells Thus each individual cell face has a unique hQh table with Q values factored from the original hQh table according to the cell face width 2 During a model simulation step at each cell face the upstream and downstream water levels are used to obtain Q from the hQh matrix 3 A check is performed between the tabulated flow Qhgh and that calculated using the Shallow Water Equation Qswz where gt IF Qna lt Qswe THEN o Apply Qhan to cell face gt ELSE o Apply Qswe to cell face 4 Two momentum transfer options are available a Momentum is actively transferred through the structure based on Qran and upstream velocity This approach is recommended especially for structures with relatively low energy losses for example a bridge crossing where flow remains below the bridge deck This is the default and recommended option b The structure is set to be a reflecting wall and the source sink transfer of Qnan is applied with no momentum This approach can be considered for structures that represent a significant obstruction t
70. be automatically activated if a BC command a wind boundary condition has been specified otherwise false through a BC command In this case include 0 wind 0 can be used to de activate the forcing ep TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA F LOW ES S BMT WBM Command File FVC Reference 142 Command Line Default Description ns True 1 if wave Includes wave radiation stress forcing in the Include wavestress boundary calculations 0 for false 1 for true lt 0 1 gt condition specified through Wave stress forcing will be automatically a BC command activated if a wave model boundary condition otherwise false has been specified through a BC command In 0 this case include wavestress 0 can be used to de activate the forcing S WV AN Presently SWAN is the only wave model Wave model option lt wvmod gt True 1 if an Includes atmospheric pressure forcing in the Include MSLP MSLP boundary calculations 0 for false 1 for true 0 1 condition specified through Atmospheric pressure forcing will be a BC command automatically activated if a MSLP field has otherwise false been specified through a BC command In this 0 case include mslp 0 can be used to de activate the forcing 2 Incorporate Stokes drift velocity O for false 1 Include stokes for true drift 0 1 If not specified Specifies the timestep for performing
71. be set as the default action as it is easy to accidentally start a simulation which instantly overwrites any existing result files You may wish to set up other associations at this point for example to access your preferred editor 7 Choose OK or Close then Close on the Folder Options menu 8 Check the file association by clicking the right mouse button on an fvc file in Windows Explorer The Run TUFLOW FV action should appear in the list nnss WE TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA F LOW eE e BMT WBM Before starting 13 Once the file association is complete clicking the right mouse button on an fvc file in Explorer and selecting the Run TUFLOW FV action starts a simulation A Console Command Window opens and TUFLOW FY starts 3 4 3 From a Console DOS Window or Run A single simulation can be started directly from an open Console Window also called Command Prompt in the list of programmes in Windows GN Command Prompt or from the start then run commands 17 Run For example at the Console prompt enter C Program FilesNTUFLOWFVNexeNwin32NTUFLOWFV exe runO1 fvc You can use the various switches and Windows NT 2000 XP 7 priority settings as discussed in Section 3 4 4 and 3 4 4 1 3 4 4 Using a Batch File One or many simulations and other associated operations can all be specified within a batch file The simplest format is to specify each
72. boundary bc WL 2 bc steadyWLS csv bc header time WL Sal end bc be QC 240 55 bce cellQ csv A new boundary condition QC defines a i Ex m constant inflow into an element or cell The en c numbers 240 55 are the x y coordinates where the inflow will occur OUTPUT COMMANDS An additional output parameter is specified output dir Output Sal output datv Output Parameters h v d Sal Output Interval 600 end output 9 Update boundary condition files The updated flow boundary called steadyQS csv should contain the following Time Flow Sal 07070 L L000 2 490 0 6 450 0 The water level boundary called steadyWLS csv should contain the following Time WL Sal Duos uU Zaps eg 485473 90 0 4 27260 FLOW S wr way TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA Quick SMS and TUFLOW FV Tutorial 56 The cell inflow boundary called cellQ csv should contain the following Time Flow Sal 0 0 30 1510 30 2 10 30 53 1030 10 View results The output file with concentrations will have the extension SAL dat trap steady 0l 5AL dat The results view in SMS should look something similar to the following ZI SMS 10 1 04 sms Pu File Edit Display Data Modes WNodestrings Elements Mesh Web Window Help cat B Q V x a Mesh Module trap steady 04 SALO 06 00 01 v Mesh Data M quick tutorial Z elevation 123 trap_steady_04_H trap steady
73. ce their behaviour when used as boundary conditions TUFLOW FV considers positive flow to be always entering a model domain and negative flow leaving a model domain oss FLOW S wr wan Quick SMS and TUFLOW FV Tutorial 50 3 Create boundary condition files For TUFLOW FV separate csv format files contain boundary conditions There is typically one file for each boundary See Section 8 4 10 In this case the boundary conditions are very simple because the run is steady state The flow boundary called steadyQ csv should contain the following Time Flow 0 0 Leko 2 450 6 450 Note that the first column time is in hours Note also that there 1s a warm up period of 2 hours see Section 7 4 3 for a discussion on this or try removing the warmup by putting a constant 450 m s and see what happens The water level boundary called steadyWL csv should contain the following Time WL 06 es c9 25 175539 490 3 90 Both files should be placed in the folder bc 4 Create the FVC control file Often an fvc file is created from an earlier model or from a template If using a template then it s good practice to comment out the irrelevant commands A at the start of the line means that the line is not read by TUFLOW FV This allows you to insert comments into your fvc file this is recommended To simplify this example only those lines that are relevant to this simulation are shown in the fvc file
74. ch your requirements and computational capacity A flexible mesh can be nested This is advantageous when model simulations are becoming excessively long or when say a regional model is performed over a long period and local models are run for sub periods from it In such circumstances select specific model outputs at sufficient resolution from which boundary conditions for the nested models can be extracted 7 4 Common reasons why a model crashes or won t start 7 4 1 You made a simple error You may find that your simulation has crashed or some other syntax error in the inputs has caused it to stop If this happens open the log file to see what may have gone wrong Be logical and thoughtful in your model preparation often it s a simple mistake that causes the most frustration 7 4 2 Nodestrings and boundary conditions don t match Check the 2dm file and make sure that the nodestring you are assigning a boundary condition to is the correct one Two ways to do this Within SMS use the Select Nodestring tool in the Mesh module and click on the nodestring that you intend to be the boundary condition On the display bar at the bottom of the SMS window the nodestring ID will be displayed this is the nodestring ID to use in the TUFLOW FV fvc file 2 Open the 2dm file in a text editor and search for NS at the start of the line The NS lines provide 66 66 a list of nodes that define the specific nodestring The final node
75. cified in the timestep limits The model parameters are those that control various physical and numerical processes When the stability limits are exceeded water level first then velocity the model is considered to have crashed Note that the velocity limit here is high that s because the velocities along the wetting and drying boundary edges are high A Smagorinsky eddy viscosity approach has been specified with a Smagorinsky factor of 0 2 The model geometry is the 2dm created in Section 5 1 So far material types haven t been highlighted By default SMS will create elements using a single material type 1 It is this material type that is assigned a bottom roughness of 0 018 the default friction approach is a Manning s number The initial condition is 2 5 m above the bed at the downstream end ie 3 5 m The unit is in feet Roughness parameters wil be automatically converted in the appropriated unit The boundary conditions link the csv files containing the actual flows and water levels to the nodestrings Nodestring 1 is assigned a flow boundary and nodestring 2 is assigned a water level boundary In this instance a datv format file is specified This format is easily read into SMS mss 7728 FLOW emt way Quick SMS and TUFLOW FV Tutorial 52 OuEput Parameters njvyg for viewing The h v and d mean that outputs Output Interval 600 files containing water level velocity
76. cture is situated between one or more elements 1e along the cell faces defined by a nodestring The id value is the nodestring identifier from SMS that represents the structure in the model geometry End Structure The structure is a series of cells defined by a polygon Presently this defines a series of cells with an adjustable bed elevation although other cell definition structures will come online in future No id value is required If structype nodestring then the flux function Flux function type is required lt fluxtype gt Flux function type can be e Wall o asolid wall Q 0 Matrix o an hQh relationship defines the structure contained in the flux file o A broad crested weir structure with a fixed crest level Weir dz o A broad crested weir structure with a crest level dz above existing bed levels Weir adjust o A broad crested weir structure with an adjustable crest level Weir dz adjust o A broad crested weir structure with an adjustable crest level dz above existing bed levels Porous o A porous structure Darcy flow conditions Timeseries o A specified timeseries of flow m TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA FLOW BMT WBM Command File FVC Reference Command Line Default None Cell function lt celltype gt Flux file lt hQh file gt Polygon file lt polyfile gt TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA 139 Descr
77. d by the user and is password protected If this is modified the conversion process is highly likely to fail With the TUFLOW FV model definition loaded we are now ready to create the TUFLOW FV mesh and model This is described in the tutorial model in Section 6 2 Jy SMS TUFLOWFV Name Date modified Type g convert and run bat 12 06 2012 5 58 PM Windows Bate E mesh to FV exe 14 05 201210 04 Application 4 File name TUFLOW FV 2dm Files of type All Files Figure 3 83 SMS Interface Loading Model Definition e FLOW S BMT WBM TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA Before starting 22 bit untitled sms Display Data Nodes Modestrings Elements Web Window Help Check Mesh Define Model Edit Global Parameters Assign BC Material Properties Run TUFLOW FV Figure 3 4 SMS Interface TUFLOW FV Menu Item 3 11 Excel Interface Is coming TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA TU F LOW Ou WBM Recommended steps in the modelling process 23 4 Recommended steps in the modelling process 4 1 Problem definition Define the problem s that the numerical modelling exercise will seek to solve and explain Defining a modelling exercise often starts with a preferred highly rigorous and scientifically thorough approach that strives to replicate the physical system as accurately as possible This is followed by a series of compromises and simplificat
78. demeter system dongles An FV dongle will have one or more engine licenses and typically twice as many thread licenses as engines For instance a 4 license hardware lock would permit 4 simultaneous simulations utilising 2 threads each or it would permit simulation utilising 8 threads In addition to the basic TUFLOW FV engine license various optional modules can be licensed via the WIBU codemeter dongles The number of module licenses can be less than or equal to the number of engine licenses available on a dongle Network dongles are also available which then licences TUFLOW FV simulations across an office network 3 3 Installing TUFLOW FV The following description provides a brief overview of installation a full description is provided by software support when TUFLOW FV is purchased or is available on the website at http www tuflow com ProductDownload aspx tuffv Installing TUFLOW FV is mostly about installing dongle drivers and licence files As for all TUFLOW products TUFLOW FV uses a hardware lock or dongle This requires a dongle driver on your computer then a software licence to run The actual model is TUFLOWFV exe It doesn t need to be installed just placed in a folder on your computer See Section 3 4 There are also several dll files dynamic link libraries which are also placed in the same folder e FLOW S BMT WBM TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA Before starting 10 The steps to in
79. e bathymetry topography e Key physical processes are suitably represented e There are no strange element shapes or sizes e The model does not require unnecessarily short timesteps to run e Any unexpected outputs or model features are explained and justified TUFLOW FV has a number of pre simulation checks and log outputs that can be used to assist see Section 8 4 8 Calibration validation sensitivity testing Calibrate the model to available data Verify the model to another set of independent data preferably from a different location and or a different time with correspondingly different physical conditions Where knowledge or data is lacking perform sensitivity tests on model parameters to quantify the uncertainty of model results Calibration is the process where the parameters of a model are adjusted within reasonable bounds so that results match measurements Validation is the process where a calibrated model is compared to measurements from a different period with different physical conditions In combination calibration and verification prove that the model can replicate the physical processes and is a useful tool An uncalibrated and unvalidated model is also called a computer game except the graphics aren t usually as good Choice of measurement periods for calibration depends upon the physical processes that need to be captured in the model Typically time series of response for example river discharge
80. e computational domain Detffaultto global Sets the bottom roughness value The bottom Bottom roughness value roughness specification depends on the roughness value Bottom drag model and may be a Manning s n coefficient or an equivalent Nikuradse roughness ks m Sets the surface roughness value for example Surface roughness ice cover roughness value Deffaultto global This command defines the eddy viscosity Horizontal eddy value value model coefficient for a given material viscosity eddy type overwriting any default or globally viscosity defined values This is dependent on the turbulence model used constant or Smagorinsky See momentum mixing model command to set momentum mixing turbulence model coefficient m s gt ns Default to global Horizontal eddy value viscosity limits lt dv_limitl dv limit2 Default to global This command defines the scalar diffusivity Horizontal scalar value value model coefficient s for a given material diffusivity type overwriting any default or globally diffusivity defined values This is dependent on the turbulence model used constant Smagorinsky or Elder See scalar mixing model command to set scalar mixing turbulence model coefficient m s gt M Default to global Horizontal scalar value diffusivity limits ds lim
81. ecuted 57249 Elapsed a dctentine 375 26 76 Run successful De allocating Domain Object Closing output files Closing file unit 161 Closing file unit 162 Successful Checking TUFLOW FU Licence Cplease wait gt Done Dongle 1381119 Releasing TUFLOW FU Licence Done Checking TUFLOW FU Threads Licence please wait gt Done Dongle 1381119 Releasing TUFLOW FU Threads Done Performing final cleanup tasks Successful Exiting TUFLOUFU Press any key to continue 6 2 5 Reviewing Results In the TUFLOWF V output directory should be the results files in the input we asked for two output h level and v velocity These files can be loaded in SMS either using the File gt gt Open interface or by dragging and dropping the files from Windows explorer a Open EX Look in m output E E Name Type Date modifie nA nd RiverBend Mesh 01 H dat DAT File 19 06 2012 1 Recent Places pese Son TTE O YET RETE OO TTE TTE E VEVERVERVERT EYE O VET TVVETVEYT VETT VENT EVER TTE YVE TY TEE YE TET ETE EVE ETE Y YEYE TET TET T YT TY TEE TET TET YT TY TEYET i9 RiverBend Mesh 0l V dat DATFile n 19 06 2012 1 Desktop ed Libraries Computer a Network File name Riverbend Mesh 01 V dat RiverBend_Mesh i Files of type All Files Cancel These results will display in the table of contents in the Mesh Data FLOW amr WB
82. election Invert Selectian Zoom to Selection Specify Number of Segments Num Seg 10 Bias 0 0 1 to 10 0 Use Cubic Spline Redistribute 10 vertices across the channel Repeat the process at the southern edge of the model TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA Select Connected Arcs Turning Left 65 e FLOW S BMT WBM Tutorial models Redistributed vertices at Southern Edge of model 66 Select the two feature arcs along the banks of the river and redistribute with a specified spacing of 20 metres In order to build a mesh we need to create a polygon from the feature arcs To do this select Feature Objects gt gt Build Polygons Feature Objects Web Window Help Delete Attributes Create Arc Group Build Polygons The SMS window should now appear as below TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA sre 4 FLOW So BMT WBM Tutorial models 67 1 F 92K 23 scatter Module Elevat Ev a Scatter Data o IN on cater Wiodule Elevation D M RiverBend Bathymetry 2 0 2 j3 Elevation ts E M El Map Data E We Land llse K 0 0 WED Mesh Features x 4n 2 0 3 0 4 0 Aft 5 0 Using the polygon select tool oh select the polygon The default mesh type is paving using this mesh type the default elements are triangles as per the image below Ee mu dum TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 20
83. ent heat transfer model Long wave radiation heat transfer model Short wave radiation heat transfer model Default None If not specified this will occur at every model timestep Description Must be external Specifies the timestep for performing water quality parameter updating Globally sets the initial scalar concentration fields for water quality ee FLOW S BMT WBM Command File FVC Reference 8 5 8 Tracer Command Line Ntracer number of passive tracers gt Initial Tracer Concentratio tracer 1 tracer Nt race units m Default 0 If Ntracer gt 0 then Tracer Block commands are required 149 Description Sets the number of passive tracers to be modelled Globally sets the initial scalar concentration fields 8 5 8 1 Description of Tracer Block Commands Command Line Tracer tracer id gt end tracer Settling Velocity m s Wso Decay Rate Kd units day TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA Default Description This command indicates the beginning of a tracer properties block specifying the tracer id that the properties should be applied to Tracer properties include e Settling Velocity e Decay Rate Example Tracer Block tracer settling velocity 1 0e 5 decay rate 0 05 end tracer Specifies the scalar settling velocity in m s This results in a sink term flux S S wyoC where C i
84. er of cells defined across the weir crest is increased a more accurate solution 1s obtained Note also that the solution is dependent upon friction which is one of the dominant physical processes being simulated by the SWE as shown in test 5 Concluding it is recommended that in situations where an accurate representation of weir flow is required a nodestring structure that inserts the weir equation into the solution scheme is used In other situations using the SWE in other words just letting TUFLOW FV simulate weir flow without any We FLOW amt wem TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA Tips Tricks and Troubleshooting 112 direction specification of weir structures may be entirely acceptable Importantly the modeller should be aware that differences do exist between these two approaches e FLOW S BMT WBM TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA Command File FVC Reference 8 Command File FVC Reference 8 1 List of Available Commands Bottom roughness CFL Density water Eddy viscosity End scalar Geometry 2d ic Include Include sediment Include wavestress Limiter Momentum mixing model Nscalar Output interval Reference MSLP Scalar Sediment Control File Spherical Timestep Write restart TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA Cell elevation Decay Rate Display dt End material End Time global eddy viscosity Include mslp Include te
85. es only 0 for false 1 for true These terms ensure that advective tendencies follow great circle paths on the sphere This will be significant for very large domains ocean scale or at high latitudes but may be neglected for smaller domains Sets the model for calculating the density of water in baroclinic simulations UNESCO use the UNESCO equation of state Fofonoff and Miller 1983 Direct the salinity tracer is assumed to be a direct proxy for density Sets the Total Variation Diminishing TVD limiting scheme for 2 order horizontal spatial integration scheme The options are LCD Limited Central Difference and MLG Maximum Limited Gradient e LCD iis the less compressive option and the least computationally intensive e MLG is the most compressive option and the most computationally intensive This command can be used to apply a reduction factor to high order cell reconstruction gradients which may be useful in stabilising a higher order simulation Default is 1 0 1 0 1 0 i e no gradient reduction whereas 0 0 0 0 0 05 would revert to a first order scheme FLOW e BMT WBM Command File FVC Reference 8 4 5 Turbulence Command Line Default If not specified this will occur at every model timestep Turbulence update dt lt timestep s gt Scalar mixing model lt None Constant Smagorinsky Elder Warmup gt Momentum mixing model lt None Constant Smago
86. escribing the perimeter of the polyfile The definition of points needs to be consecutively listed and can be either clockwise or counter clockwise TUFLOW FV searches for cell centres that lie within the polygon If fluxtype Weir or Weir dz then Properties lt pl pn gt e P weir crest level for a weir or level above existing bed levels for a weir_dz e P2 weir coefficient default 1 6 If function type Porous then e Pl Porous structure hydraulic conductivity e P2 Porous structure width If control trigger then Sample point lt spx spy gt e spx spy defines the location that controls the variable z value structure ie the control point The frequency of updating the variable structure hours Sample dt lt sdt hours gt Trigger value 2 Specification of structure logic definition Control lt controltype gt If the structure fluxtype weir_adjust or weir dz adjust or the structure celltype zb adjust or dzb adjust then options available are e Control Trigger o the change in levels will commence upon the exceedence of a specific trigger value e Control Time series o The change in levels will commence according to a defined time series Other options are available see support tuflow com for more information Fully_open Timeseries Sample_rule Target_rule The value of the specified model parameter at the sample point spx
87. esh Features Z elevation E L158 Scatter Data E L 1E RiverBend Bathymetry EL Map Data Options E 7 Modes Materials Scatter l l Gee Options Material boundaries Material numbers Functional surface Options W Contours 1 Nodem Lm Element numbers a m Mesh quality Options Wet dry boundary Mesh boundary TU FLOW i BMT WBM TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA Tutorial models 78 The mesh elements and boundaries should now be visible The image below shows the entire mesh on the left and a zoomed in inset on the right In the inset it can be seen that the mesh elements align with the flow direction Whilst not mandatory this 1s the preferred mesh alignment Water Level Screen Grab Final Mesh nnss WE TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA F LOW eE e BMT WBM Tutorial models 79 To modify the boundary data we do not need to do this just yet but it is useful to know ensure you are in the mesh module by clicking in the mesh in the table of contents use the select nodestring button to select the nodestring and then choose Assign BC This is shown in the ze below To create a new boundary after the mesh has been created the create nodestring tool can be used After a nodestring is created a boundary can be applied to it n e Mesh Module elevation 1 Vo BE 2 0 1 0 0 0 A 1 0 j
88. essary to accurately describe the bed forms and flow conditions Thus the required minimum cell width must be greater than 40 m To achieve a similar degree of accuracy the corresponding fixed grid requires a cell size of 40 m Within the computational domain ie in the river channel there are 1676 cells This is around a four fold increase in the number of active cells Without parallelisation across multiple cores the computational performance of a finite volume scheme is slower compared to a finite difference scheme nevertheless in situations such as illustrated in Figure 2 1 there are good reasons for opting for a flexible mesh approach 2 3 Multi core processing TUFLOW FV is parallelised for multi processor machines using the OpenMP implementation of shared memory parallelism This means that a TUFLOW FV model simulation will run faster if there is more than one processor or thread on a single computer The increase in computational speed is not quite linear with the number of threads as demonstrated in Figure 2 2 Unless the user decides otherwise TUFLOW FV will run using the maximum number of threads available to it limited by the licence This means that by default TUFLOW FV will run as fast as the host computer permits it to 3000 2500 _ 2000 C gq E 1500 pur LE a C 1000 500 1 2 d d 5S O0 7 X yY 10 1l FZ Number of Threads Figure 2 2 Typical runtime decrease computational speed increase w
89. evel coordinates Specify the minimum thickness of the lowest Min bottom layer layer ie at the bed thickness dzmin Number of sigma layers Sigma layers Nsigma If the water depth is less than this value then the 3D cells essentially revert to a 2D representation Cell 3D depth 3d dep Specifying a layer Specifies the name of the file containing the Layer faces face file will 3D layer face information file specifying result in a 3D layer interface simulation The coordinate type depends on the Vertical mesh type In the case of sigma coordinates LEVELS TEM A 3D module the layer elevations need to be specified in a license must be SIGMA column In the case of z coordinates available for this the layer elevations should be specified in a to proceed Z column SF Sets the Total Variation Diminishing TVD Vertical gradient limiting scheme for 2 order vertical spatial limiter integration scheme ee FLOW S BMT WBM TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA Command File FVC Reference 144 Command Line Default Description lt MINMOD MC SUPERBEE gt The options are MINMOD MC Monotized Central and SUPERBEE ranging from least compressive to most compressive lt 1 0 1 0 gt This command can be used to apply a reduction factor to high order cell reconstruction gradients which may be useful in stab
90. eviewing Mesh Performance In this section we will look at the performance of the mesh in terms of timesteps required The TUFLOW FV model uses and adaptive timestep which is based on the specified Courant Friedrichs Lewy condition CFL parameter The model timestep is calculated based on the cell size and depth A poorly configured mesh with a single small cell in deep water can limit the timestep of the model Therefore after running the model it is beneficial to review the timestep required to run the model We will review the timestep information in SMS using an output file created in the TUFLOWFV input log directory In SMS open the RiverBend Mesh001 ext cfl dt csv file s dum FLOW BMT WBM TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA Tutorial models 9 Jpen imm Look in di log 4e t3 E Ed dez Name i Date modified Type a L4 j PA 11 51 LOG ini jRiverBend Mesh 01 rst 19 06 2012 11 51 RST File RiverBend Mesh 01 ext cfl dt csv 19 06 2012 11 51 Microsoft Ex _ RiverBend_Mesh001_geo nc 19 06 2012 11 44 WNC File RiverBend Mesh001_ int cfl dt csv 19 06 2012 11 51 Microsoft Ex Network 4 n File name RiverBe Files of type an Files Cancel File C TUFLOW_FV RiverBend_MeshQ01_ext_cfl_dt csv Use Import Wizard C Select File Type 120 ASCII Format 7 12da This wizard can be used to import a large variety of data into SMS In this case the file i
91. exible mesh 3 6 Pre and Post Processing Modelling of any kind requires significant processing and presentation of input and output information BMT does not sell pre and post processing tools We do however use a range of commercially available tools that best suit our needs Generally TUFLOW FV users employ the following e A text editor of some description to edit input text files UltraEdit and Notepad are popular although Notepad does suffice e SMS for mesh generation pre and post processing The SMS Tips wiki contains some useful information gt http wiki tuflow com index php ttleZSMS Tips e Excel spreadsheets e Geographic Information Systems GIS such as MapInfo or ArcGIS provide powerful environments for developing model components and building blocks such as Digital Elevation Models e MatLab is used extensively for manipulating input data and model results BMT provides a series of compiled executable MatLab scripts on the website see www tuflow com ProductDownload TUFLOW FV input and output formats are designed to be as flexible as possible to accommodate other pre and post processing tools see Section 3 7 3 File Types A variety of file types are used to specify a TUFLOW FV model Importantly all of the input and output file types used to specify or produced by a TUFLOW FV model simulation are open formats that can be readily interrogated and manipulated Many TUFLOW FV components are simple asc
92. f mesh to FV exe file e FLOW S BMT WBM TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA Before starting 19 D 10 20 30 40 50 60 7 6 0 echo off setLocal Set input t1 ser dir tcdt set temp 1 2dnm fvct set output tinput zdm fvct set parser C XProgram Files xB6 XTUFLOWXmesh to FV exe set tf Iv WPHRNRueppRo EG RET EP CI SW QGESCANTUFLOWFV exe set fvcpath dir XTUFLOWFV F om ii am Lo ca lo 11 echo Current Directory tdirt 12 echo Input 2d mesh file tinputt 13 echo Output control file toutputt echo Path to 2dm convertor tparsert echo Path to TUFLOWFV exe ttf fvt echo Press any key to convert to IUFLOW FV Format echo where s the any key pause Figure 3 1 SMS Interface Configuring Batch File In SMS the interface needs to be configured to utilise the batch file that we just modified to do this in SMS select Edit Preferences Navigate to the file locations tab and then in the Model Executables under the Generic entry select Browse navigate to the correct directory select All Files from the files of type dropbox and then and select the convert and run bat Screen images are provided in Figure 3 2 The SMS interface is now ready to use UFLOW Sent wem TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA Before starting 20 SMS Preferences Executable c program files sms 11 0 modelsCMSFLOWNCMS F 3 rr on e h 1 a 2 ll es z J wa ALALA
93. ferent mesh types applied Select the southernmost polygon and select attributes or double click on the polygon Ensure the Mesh Type is set to patch and then hit preview mesh Ee mu dum TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA F LOW SS e BMT WBM Tutorial models 70 2D Mesh Polygon Properties Mesh Type Patch Bathymetry Type Constant bs 0 0 E Material ks c Preview Mesh 0 1 Help OK Cancel In the mesh preview window the mesh is now much better aligned with the predominant flow direction than previously However along one bank there are more vertices than the other TUFLOW FV can handle both triangles and quadrilateral elements so this is not a major issue However to align the elements with the flow direction quadrilaterals are preferred over triangles small elements such as triangles in deep water can also reduce the timestep fe TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA F LOW oe BMT WBM Tutorial models 71 In this scenario the river width remains relatively constant and we will use quadrilateral elements throughout the mesh To achieve this in the mesh properties dialogue select the two bank lines and then in the Arc options the number of vertices can be redistributed If both are selected each bank will have the same number of vertices and quadrilateral elements will be created Bias 0 1 10 0 1 0 TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA T
94. function to see the finer details L ie gt TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA F LOW w 5 BMT WBM Quick SMS and TUFLOW FV Tutorial 45 2D Mesh Polygon Properties Mesh Type Patch Bathymetry Type Scatter Set Scatter Options Fill from edges Material material LI KAZES li mee F Once happy with the layout the mesh within this specific polygon repeat with the remaining polygons The middle polygon has 50 12 5 1 3 vertices across the channel and 1 000 25 1 39 vertices along the channel The lower polygon has the same vertice count as the top polygon Note that as each polygon is edited the arc vertices are updated this highlights how the mesh generator tracks each polygon to ensure that the overall mesh is consistent G Now repeat step 4 using the menu commands Feature objects Map gt 2D Mesh to create the mesh This time a reasonable looking mesh should appear ee WE TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA FLOW eE e BMT WBM Quick SMS and TUFLOW FV Tutorial 46 E SMS 10 1 rapid sms tutorial sms J File Edit Display Feature Objects Web Window Help Hat ass O zF OS Oe Oo 2 Mesh Module elevation v Mesh Data 7 Mesh elevation 155 Scatter Data ow Scatter From Map elevation Map Data OB default coverage 3 am E K z gru cy kx pe 6 Linear elements There are some final adjustments t
95. gt TBC Erosion Model lt Metha gt Sets the erosion model Consolidation Model lt None Constant gt TBC NSed lt number of sediment fractions between 1 and 100 gt This command specifies the number of sediment fractions in the simulation Each sediment fraction has specific properties defined in the Sed frac block The maximum number of fractions is 100 Nlayer lt number of bed layers between 1 and 10 gt This command specifies the number of bed layers in the simulation Each bed layer has specific properties defined in the layer block The maximum number of bed layers is 10 9 3 Description of Sediment Block Commands Sed frac lt Nsed id gt This command indicates the beginning of a sediment fraction block specifying properties for the sediment fraction with Nsed id Sediment fraction properties include wsO taucd TUFLOW our wav TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA Sediment Module Control File fvm Reference 153 rhos Example sediment fraction block sed frac ws0 0 001 taucd 0 10 rhos 2650 end material ws0 settling velocity m s gt This command specifies the sediment fraction settling velocity in m s If the flocculation settling model is constant and hindered settling is neglected the sediment settling velocity is not influenced by the concentration in the water column and a constant sediment settling velocity is applied If the flocculation settl
96. ii text files that can be easily created and manipulated in text editor and spreadsheet environments Table 3 1 File formats and file extensions used by TUFLOW FV Ascii Control File e g fvc e SMS Generic Mesh File 2dm e Network Common Data Format netcdf nc Hierarchical Data Format hdf5 h5 e SMS Binary Data File dat e e Comma Delimited Text File csv e We FLOW e BMT WBM TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA Before starting 17 3 8 Recommended Directory Structure It is highly recommended that a directory structure similar to that specified in the following table is adhered to when setting up a TUFLOW FV modelling project For complex modelling projects it may help if more sub directories are created For instance the BC directory could be further split into Meteorological Tidal and Catchment sub directories In many cases the Output directory will be specified on a local computer hard disk as TUFLOW FV output files can sometimes be too large for network storage Table 3 2 Recommended TUFLOW FV Directory Structure Level 1 Level 2 Level3 File types Comments TuflowFV SimulationLog xls A list of all the simulations performed their relevant control files and reasons for running them Model geometry often linked to a separate folder containing spatial data generation such as from GIS and or mesh generation packages pbc csv ne Boundary conditions
97. ile entry perhaps called drain 01 csv This csv file could be directly extracted from a GIS polyline e FLOW S BMT WBM TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA Tips Tricks and Troubleshooting 109 Insertion of cell elevation files allows the user to build a number of specific features into the model geometry in a systematic structured manner starting from the underlying geometry in the 2dm file and adding specific features roads for example Note that the cell elevation file option does not interpolate between successive points If using the cell elevation file for continuous linear features such as a road or levee ensure that the point resolution is sufficiently fine to accurately represent the elevations along the feature 7 10 Output of discharge along nodestrings The command entry output flux will output fluxes discharge and other relevant parameters from defined nodestrings Specifying this command line will output values for ALL nodestrings listed in the 2dm file Extraction of fluxes from the model simulation using this command is recommended as opposed to post processed extraction via SMS The interpolation from cell centres to corner nodes can create discrepancies in the flux extraction in SMS see Section 7 7 for more information 7 11 Mass balance in TUFLOW FV TUFLOW FV applies the finite volume numerical method for its computational scheme A feature of the finite volume method 1s
98. ilising a higher order simulation Vertical AlphaR lt alphav velocity alphas scalars gt Default 1s 1 0 1 0 gt whereas 0 0 0 0 would revert to a first order scheme Constant Sets the vertical momentum and scalar mixing Vertical mixing model model Constant e Constant a constant viscosity diffusivity Parametric value is applied to the vertical mixing of External gt both momentum and scalars Parametric a zero equation parametric turbulence model in which a parabolic eddy viscosity diffusivity profile is calculated Stratification is represented using the Munk amp Anderson stability formulae External any external turbulence model that has been built by the user to couple with TUFLOW FV through the fvwbm external turb dll Vertical mixing parameters vl v2 Global vertical eddy viscosity limits v1 v2 Global vertical scalar diffusivity limits vl v2 Not used if not Reads in a comma separated variable file of Initial Condition entered initial conditions This csv file contains initial 3d lt initial conditions for each cell of the mesh condition file csv gt The following column headers are required in this file ee FLOW S BMT WBM TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA Command File FVC Reference Command Line Default 145 Description ID WL U V Sal Temp Sed 1
99. ing model 1s concentration or concentration amp salinity the sediment settling velocity is influenced the water column parameters If the hindered settling model is RZ the sediment settling velocity is determined according to Richardson and Zaki 1954 taucd deposition critical shear stress N m TBC rhos sediment density kg m TBC 9 4 Description of Material Block Commands Material material id gt This command indicates the beginning of a material block specifying properties for cells with material id 4 Material properties are specified for each bed layer and include F dum FLOW amr weM TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA Sediment Module Control File fvm Reference 154 tauce erosion rate params Example material block material ks 0 001 layer 1 rhodry 450 mass TBC tauce 0 2 erosion rate params 0 0 1 0 end layer end material ks lt Nikuradse roughness length gt TBC Layer lt layer id gt This command indicates the beginning of a layer block specifying properties for the bed layer with Nlayer id Example layer block layer 1 rhodry 450 mass TBC tauce 0 2 erosion rate params 0 0 1 0 end layer rhodry bed layer dry density kg m gt TBC fe JFLOW CS BMT WBM TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA Sediment Module Control File fvm Reference 155 Mass
100. int is created use the coordinate boxes in the toolbar to specify the precise coordinates x and y Also insert the z value x n n v 75 0 z 5 The feature points should then look like e FLOW S BMT WBM Quick SMS and TUFLOW FV Tutorial 37 ZI SMS 10 1 untitled sms Pu File Edit Display Feature Objects Web Window Help Hat jaqswe xI v z sf vol wl F VI Map Data MB default coverage EErEE RE D Now use the Create feature arc button to join the dots together E3 SMS 10 1 untitled sms Ps File Edit Display Feature Objects Web Window Help Haw iaasa COCO COCO is v 4 Map Data v amp default coverage zx MATE BOCK E Atthis point it s a good idea to SAVE L ie gt FLOW Wear wem TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA Quick SMS and TUFLOW FV Tutorial 38 F Also at this point if not before ne ii Data ps P e L zilis CE it is time to set the coverage type Duplicate for the map data The coverage Rename ae type must be Generic 2D Mesh Convert 4 Reproject Right click on the coverage label quum l Metadat in the explorer bar as shown insu LA Zoom bo Coverage Generic 2D Mesh TUFLOW You have now created the basic map layout that will define the model geometry 2 Create Scatter points from which bed levels will be interpolated from A If you have entered
101. ion _ This command indicates the end of a BC End BC block Table 8 2 BC types BC Description Input Default Columns Header File ART TT wumewp w aow m me p CYC HOLLAND Parametric cyclone N A CSV TIME X Y PO PA RMAX B wind and pressure field RHOA KM THETMAX DELTAFM WBGX WBGY Sediment bed flux Cell TIME FLUX SED 1 pl Cell scalar flux Cell CSV TIME FLUX SAL FLUX HEAT L U UJ TI TI T B C FLUX SED 1 FLUX SCAL 1 LW NET GRID UE NETCDF TIME MSLP CSV TIME WL U V SAL TEMP SED 1 LW RAD GRID B MSLP Grid Mean sea level pressure Grid field OBC Fully specified boundary External condition nodestring SCAL_1 TB Zero gradient External N A Not Required nodestring m OBC GRID 6 Note that the header names listed here are defaults if a bc header line is not included in the fvc file then these column header titles are required If however a bc header line is included in the fvc then the header descriptions then match the column header in the csv file me JW u 4 Se FL SS e BMT WBM TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA Command File FVC Reference 132 BC Type BC Description ID Input Default Columns Header File PRECIP_GRID Precipitation grid Grid NETDE nodestring SED_1 SCAL 1 CSV TIME Q SAL TEMP SED_1
102. ions due to practical constraints The final problem definition strikes a balance providing a fit for purpose outcome Key considerations include e What is the model expected to deliver gt The purpose of the modelling exercise should be clearly defined e What are the key physical processes gt lt A clear understanding of what processes need to be investigated will inform the type of model what parameters and modules will be used the extents and degree of accuracies required and importantly whether modelling is required at all gt An understanding of scale is important in this regard o time scales hours months years decades etc o Spatial scales global regional local sub grid etc e What data is available Successful application of a specific modelling approach can only be achieved if suitable data is available e What are the time economic and logistic constraints Sophisticated and rigorous modelling studies can take up significant time and resources Timing economic and or logistical constraints can limit the modelling exercise Computer power is a common constraint that can limit the temporal and spatial extent resolution and accuracy of a modelling exercise 4 2 Establish model domain spatial and temporal scales Define a model domain that best fits the key physical processes to be represented and achieves the required spatial and temporal scales within the constraints of available computation
103. iption If structype cell then the cell function type is required Cell function type can be e ZB adjust o Adjustable bed elevations for a series of cells with a specified crest level e DZB adjust o Adjustable bed elevations for a series of cells with a specified crest level dz above existing bed levels If fluxtype matrix then a flux file is required The flux file is a comma separated variable file with the hQh flux matrix defining discharge for a combination of upstream and downstream water levels It contains header lines as many header lines as desired but with no more than 2 commas in each line then a matrix as follows First row is a list of upstream water levels First column is a list of downstream water levels Matrix is discharge values corresponding to the listed water levels corresponding row for downstream corresponding column for upstream The first value on the first line is a scale factor which is applied to the Q values in the matrix An example of a CSV file is given below Weir Structure example Yds yus 1 0 2 3 5 0 0 10 100 125 1 10 30 100 125 2 20 50 100 125 4 30 10 100 125 Reads in a comma separated variable file with a polygon The file contains a header line with column labels x and y which define the points m FLOW S BMT WBM Command File FVC Reference 140 Command Line Default Description d
104. ired in the vertical direction when trying to resolve sharp stratification See also the horizontal gradient limiter and vertical gradient limiter commands which may be used to specify the TVD limiting schemes employed during the higher order reconstructions true Includes the Coriolis force source term from Include Coriolis the momentum conservation equations O for 0 1 false 1 for true true Include the inviscid flux terms in the Include invisc momentum and mass transport equations 0 for 0 1 false 1 for true true Include the viscous flux terms in the Include visc momentum and mass transport equations O for 0 1 false 1 for true ee FLOW S BMT WBM TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA Command File FVC Reference Command Line Default Ss true Include bed friction lt 0 1 gt true but only Include parallel if a spherical transport lt 0 1 gt coordinate system is applied ns UNESCO Equation of state lt UNESCO Direct gt Horizontal gradient limiter lt LCD MLG gt ns 1 60 1 0 1 02 Horizontal AlphaR lt alphaH depth alphaV velocity alphas scalars Mode split External mode 2 0 1 TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA 121 Description Option to turn off bed friction Includes the parallel transport terms in the momentum flux equations spherical coordinat
105. issivity lt EPS w gt Fraction of PAR SW radiation Heat PAR fraction lt PAR frac gt M Fraction of NIR SW radiation Heat NIR fraction NIR frac Fraction of UVA SW radiation Heat UVA fraction UVA _ frac Fraction of UVB SW radiation Heat UVB fraction UVB frac Extinction coefficient of PAR SW Radiation Heat PAR extinction PAR eta Extinction coefficient of NIR SW Radiation Heat NIR extinction lt NIR eta t n a Extinction coefficient of UVA SW Radiation Heat UVA extinction UVA eta Extinction coefficient of UVB SW Radiation Heat UVB extinction UVB eta ee TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA F LOW E e BMT WBM Command File FVC Reference Command Line Heat SED absorption Sed abs Heat ref height zrefa Heat albedo SW alb swo Heat relax dt heat relax dt Heat lh model lt LHmodel gt Heat lw model lt LWinput gt Heat sw model lt SWinput gt 8 5 7 Water Quality Command Line Water quality model lt external gt WQ update dt timestep s Initial WQ Concentration wq 1 mg L gt Wq Nwq TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA 148 Default Description Rate of light absorption by sediments Meteorological sensor height Mean SW radiation albedo at equator Heat module relaxation timestep Lat
106. ith multi core processing with TUFLOW FV e FLOW S BMT WBM TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA Introduction 6 2 4 TUFLOW Classic or TUFLOW FV Table 2 1 provides a summary of some of the fundamental differences between TUFLOW Classic and TUFLOW FV Each have their core applications TUFLOW has traditionally been applied for floodplain and urban stormwater management and TUFLOW FV has traditionally been applied to coastal and estuarine applications The available additional modules for each can limit their applicability That said both TUFLOW and TUFLOW FV are broadly applicable to a range of hydrodynamic and related situations Choice of one over the other depends upon the specific problem to be solved and the modeller s preference and prior experience Note that TUFLOW FV can be run using a fixed grid if preferred e FLOW S BMT WBM TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA Introduction 7 Table 2 1 Comparison of TUFLOW and TUFLOW FV Category Feature TUFLOW TUFLOW FV Solution Finite difference semi implicit Finite volume explicit Scheme General e Fully dynamic e Timestep dependent upon Courant number e Fully dynamic e Timestep not entirely dependent upon Courant number but wetting and drying 1d links are explicit features Domain Fixed grid e Nesting if higher grid size needed e Diagonal flows can be a pain e 1D link workarounds Speed Computa
107. itl ds limit2 Default to global Vertical eddy value viscosity limits dv limitl m TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA F LOW oe BMT WBM Command File FVC Reference Command Line Default dv limit2 Default to global Vertical scalar value diffusivity limits ds limitl ds limit2 126 Description n H em This command indicates the end of a material End Material block 8 4 8 Initial Conditions Command Line Default es NO default Initial Water Level lt water level m gt Not used if not Initial Condition entered 2d initial condition file csv gt Not used if not Initial scalar entered profile lt initial condition file csv gt TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA Description Globally sets the initial water level Alternative options for setting Initial Conditions are the IC or Restart commands Reads in a comma separated variable file of initial conditions This csv file contains initial conditions for each cell of the mesh The following column headers are required in this file ID WL U V Sal Temp Sed 1 Scal 1 An example of the command usage and corresponding CSV file is given below ic Wc initial conditions 001 csv and the contents of initial conditions csv ID WL U V Scal 1 Scal 2 Scal 3 1 0 300 0 000 0 000 1 000 0 000 0 000 ee
108. ity End BC Another example shows a nodestring flow boundary applied to nodestring 1 which looks in the specified csv file for columns Time INFLIA ee FLOW S BMT WBM Command File FVC Reference 129 Command Line Default Description BC Q 1 bc flowbc csv BC header Time INFL1A End BC This command is only applicable for a O Sub type type nodestring flow boundary condition subtype e If subtype 1 default o The flow boundary condition is distributed across a nodestring by cell width e If subtype 3 o The flow boundary condition is distributed across a nodestring by cell width and depth Specific to 3D applications e If subtype 2 o The flow boundary condition is a source inflow into the first string of cells inside the nodestring boundary condition with flow distributed as per subtype 1 e If subtype 3 o The flow boundary condition is a source inflow into the first string of cells inside the nodestring boundary condition with flow distributed as per subtype 3 Specify offset s to be applied to boundary BC offset condition values lt Varl Offset Var2 Offset gt TBC BC time offset lt timeoffset gt Specify scale factors to be applied to boundary BC scale condition values Varl Scale Factor Var2 Scale Factor peer 0 False BC flag lt 1 0 gt 1 True ee FLOW S BMT WBM TUFLOW
109. lar values F Cancel L e d Se b FLOW e BMT WBM Quick SMS and TUFLOW FV Tutorial 40 E SMS 10 1 rapid sms tutorial sms 4 File Edit Display Data Vertices Breaklines Triangles Scatter Web Window Help GHSf BEL Scatter Module elevation PA Scatter Data Scatter_From_Map elevation 7 Map Data FB default coverage ms y e 4 A do 5 pl 4G wm These steps 1 and 2 have replaced the often complex steps associated with inputting GIS layers scatter datasets etc to create the base geometry for the model The approach demonstrated is fine for a simple test case but real world applications are often more complex and contain a variety of data sources etc This can be done in SMS in a more rigorous manner discussed in the SMS manuals but is also done using other software such as GIS and CAD 3 Build polygons A Back to the mesh module click on the Map Data entry in the explorer window to do this 0A Scatter Data E Scatter From Map elevation LE Map Data default coverage a ie gt TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA F LOW w 5 BMT WBM Quick SMS and TUFLOW FV Tutorial 4 B The next step is to build polygons which is Feature Objects Web Window Hel done from the menu Feature objects Delete Build polygons Build Polygons Transform Feature Objects Map gt Scatter Map gt 20 Mesh This takes the feature arcs and creates
110. lationships There are a number of alternative specifications of weirs including weirs that are a given level above the existing ground level or weirs that change elevation over time cell type structures allow changes to be made to cell elevations rather than cell faces This is appropriate for simulating changing bed elevations over time Flow can be in both directions The direction of the structure is the same as the nodestring For weirs each cell face along the nodestring is considered as an individual weir and flow is distributed accordingly For hQh structures flow is distributed uniformly across the nodestring according to the width of each cell face and no adjustments are made to account for differences in water depths across the nodestring 7 6 2 Using the hQh rating matrix The hQh structure option in TUFLOW FYV allows a flow relationship to be specified along a cell face or several cell faces defined by a nodestring Flow is determined from an hQh relationship flow Q across the nodestring is determined by the upstream water level hus and downstream water level has as defined in a matrix of values the hQh table The following figure illustrates this hQh structure User inputs w 5 3 E fro Q Flow across nodestring defined in hQh table Nodestring defines the structure active over 1 or more cell faces Figure 7 1 Illustr
111. lder structure 49 Work out nodestring order 49 Create boundary condition files 50 Create the FVC control file 50 FVC File Contents 50 Run TUFLOW FV 52 Check Results 52 5 3 Inclusion of Salinity 54 Update lines in FVC File 54 Update boundary condition files 55 View results 56 5 4 Going further 56 6 TUTORIAL MODELS 58 6 1 Where are they 58 6 2 Simple River Bend Using SMS Interface 58 6 2 1 Data Provided 58 6 2 2 Mesh Creation 61 6 2 3 Model Parameters 79 6 2 4 Running the Model 82 6 2 5 Reviewing Results 85 6 2 6 Reviewing Mesh Performance 90 6 2 7 Troubleshooting 94 6 2 8 Optional Exercise Refining the Mesh 96 7 TIPS TRICKS AND TROUBLESHOOTING 99 7 1 Mesh generation tips 99 7 1 1 Primary goal 99 7 1 2 Combine manual and automated mesh generation techniques 99 7 1 3 Follow the contours 99 7 1 4 Build piece by piece 99 7 1 5 Courant limits 99 7 1 6 Which mesh type Pave or Patch 100 7 1 7 Interaction between DEM generation and mesh generation 100 7 1 8 The number of nodes and elements in a mesh 101 TU FLOW CT BMT WBM TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA Contents V 7 1 9 Does node and element numbering influence computational performance 101 7 2 How do I design a mesh for a river bend 101 7 3 My model runs too slow 101 7 4 Common reasons why a model crashes or won t start 102 7 4 1 You made a simple error 102 7 4 2 Nodestrings and boundary conditions don t match 102 7 4 3 Initial condition boundary condition
112. line defines the series of nodes that form the string the last node number is assigned as negative Other components of the 2dm file are not used by TUFLOW FV For more information see Section O TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA fe FLOW S BMT WBM Recommended steps in the modelling process 16 Figure 4 4 4 5 Boundaries MESH2D ET QUEE RI M mao E x Olea LAW e ings rec ET RIP rie 2 mandos Mr Sr meom cw EE ETOR CREE MET IE mg qd sug Rc qu sa or 7 IUE hae CUPS dE E MIND QUE SINUM c EE ND 1 2 48000000e 001 NOS sc Sq uc NDS d gusce ND 4 5 20800000e 001 ND Sy in IDIOT ND S62 25 7 9 0034e70 01 NDT 5 SSIS Te INN ND 8 4 34600000e 001 ND S24 562 0000Ce 00m ND RG c gs ND 11 4 28466667e 001 ND Ae S532 0000 Ve F00 IND Ibs 1 5 ZION OG Des O0HO ND 14 9 62000000e 000 IND IS dE XS 0 0 0 9 FOOT ND 16 2 64400000e 001 Moc S Sab IS S2 SENS qe CIR bss BEGPARAMDEF GM Mesh S wal D PU MEUS TEDRE O O NUME 3 Ero BEDISP 0O BEFONT 0 2 BEDIER BEFONT 1 2 BEDISPEP 2 BEFONT 2 2 ENDPARAMDEF BEG2DMBC MATES a material QM END2DMBC right L3 1000 5 AB A A OZ SOOO Ges Oi 52123664 Shes 90 T 5396032 1 9e 001 5 59912 WOOO e zd 2 OOO Gres 9 0 TE 5S 757594 9e 90 v9 5920 24e QUITE T LOCOCO Ces OG Foo 0000 Ce 00m o o O9 O69 F pies OSS Sena SO 2256 6S Tesis HE 58S T0 00 Oen 001 3 912 2 19 0 9 Osee XOT nose UN 20790615500 5 OA OIC Os e
113. low Qio according to the width wi of each cell face and also the depth hi in each cell Q Qu IE l tot MES w hl The logic for this formulation is derived from the Chezy equation describing friction flow Q AC RS where Q is flow A is area width w depth h C is the Chezy coefficient R is hydraulic radius approximately equal to depth h and S is slope From this is a proportionality between flow Q and water depth h Q his What does this mean for a model simulation It is important to consider the flow distribution along inflow boundaries that have a significant variation in bed levels across the nodestring a common example is a boundary condition representing a floodplain and main channel illustrated as follows For this boundary condition application of a sub type 1 will result in significantly higher velocities on the floodplains compared to the main channel In comparison application of a sub type 3 will distribute the flows so that there is more flow in deeper water less flow in shallower water and a generally uniform velocity distribution This specification 1s recommended for the majority of inflow boundary conditions in overland and riverine situations 7 13 How accurately does TUFLOW FV simulate weir flow when not applying a weir structure As a precursor to the following discussion TUFLOW FV allows specification of the weir equation Q CL P H where coefficient C and crest level P are
114. lows steep gradients etc Very stable wetting and drying e Applications Traditionally coastal and estuarine applications gt FV engine perfectly suited to dambreak simulation e Modules Hydrodynamic 2D and 3D Advection dispersion including atmospheric heat balance and density coupling of temperature salinity and sediment concentration Sediment transport Water quality 2 2 Flexible meshes and mesh generation TUFLOW FYV is a flexible mesh model Compared to other approaches using fixed grids etc the design of the flexible mesh tends to have a greater influence on model performance Thus more time and effort should be spent preparing the model geometry Over the life cycle of a modelling project a well assembled mesh will save time both the modellers and the computers The flexible mesh consists of a network of irregular triangular and quadrilateral elements This has inherent advantages including fe FLOW S BMT WBM TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA Introduction 4 e Mesh resolution can be adjusted according to the needs of the study ie fine resolution in the area of interest coarser resolution in the regional extents Thus a range of spatial scales can be modelled without resorting to nesting e Mesh alignment can fit bathymetric contours and boundary extents optimising mesh resolution This is particularly relevant in regions with complex bathymetric features e Specific feat
115. m cell wet depth m gt No stability limits Specifies a maximum water level and Stability Limit 1 e the model maximum velocity which define an unstable does not model if exceeded ep TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA F LOW ES BMT WBM Command File FVC Reference 120 Command Line Default Description maximum WL maximum undertake velocity stability checks The run will stop when these limits are exceeded Specifies the spatial order of accuracy of the Spatial Order solution schemes used in the simulation 1 2 horizontal e first order scheme 1 2 vertical e 2 second order scheme The first order schemes assume a piecewise constant value of the modelled variables 1n each cell whereas the second order schemes perform a linear reconstruction Higher order spatial schemes will produce more accurate results in the vicinity of sharp gradients however they will be more prone to developing instabilities and are more computationally expensive As a general rule of thumb initial model development should be undertaken using low order schemes with higher order spatial schemes tested during the latter stages of development If a significant difference is observed between low order and high order results then the high order solution is probably necessary or alternatively further mesh refinement is required Second order spatial accuracy will typically be requ
116. mismatch 102 7 5 Using multiple column csv files in a BC boundary 103 7 6 Structures 103 7 6 1 Overview 103 7 6 2 Using the hQh rating matrix 104 7 6 3 Calculating an hQh relationship 106 7 6 4 Logic controls 107 7 7 TUFLOW FV is cell centred 108 7 8 How do I get cell centred outputs 108 7 9 Specific insertions into the model geometry the Cell elevation command 108 7 10 Output of discharge along nodestrings 109 7 11 Mass balance in TUFLOW FV 109 7 12 Distribution of flows across a nodestring Q boundary condition 109 7 13 How accurately does TUFLOW FV simulate weir flow when not applying a weir structure 110 8 COMMAND FILE FVC REFERENCE 113 8 1 List of Available Commands 113 8 2 Command line syntax 114 8 3 Control File Layout 115 8 4 Control File Structure General 116 8 4 1 Definition 116 8 4 2 Time 116 8 4 3 Geometry 118 8 4 4 Solution Scheme 119 8 4 5 Turbulence 122 8 4 6 Physical Parameters 123 8 4 7 Materials 123 amp 47 1 Description of Material Block Commands 124 m T f y TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA Flo U FLOW 4 BMT WBM Contents 10 11 12 TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA 8 4 8 Initial Conditions 8 4 9 Boundary Conditions 8 4 10 Description of BC Block Commands 8 4 11 Output 8 4 12 Description of Output Block Commands 8 5 Control File Structure Advanced 8 5 1 Structures 8 5 2 Wind Atmospheric Pressure and waves 8 5 3 3D 8 5 4 Salinity Temperature Density
117. most a constant water depth of 2 5 m success TUFLOW FV is replicating the Manning s equation 5 3 Inclusion of Salinity It is relatively straightforward to include a conservative tracer into the model simulation The following additional components are required 8 Update lines in FVC File Description TUFLOW FV TUTORIAL Flow along a trapezoidal channel AD SIMULATION CONFIGURATION Include salinity as a model parameter the first include salinity 1 9 number 1 but decoupled from the density simulations the second number 0 TIME COMMANDS start time 0 0 end time 6 0 cfl 1 0 timestep limits 0 0001 10 MODEL PARAMETERS stability limits 10 100 momentum mixing model Smagorinsky global horizontal eddy viscosity 0 2 TU FLOW gua WBM TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA Quick SMS and TUFLOW FV Tutorial 55 Scalar mixing model constant The scalar mixing model and diffusivity are Global horizontal scalar diffusivity 1 c specified as model parameters GEOMETRY geometry 2d geo quick tutorial 2dm MATERIAL PROPERTIES material bottom roughness 0 018 end material INITIAL CONDITIONS initial water level 3 5 Initial Salinity The initial concentration is 0 BOUNDARY CONDITIONS An additional column in the boundary condition Beer ae ee ee files is required specifying the concentration at bc header time flow Sal Bed be the
118. mperature Initial Water Level Material Output Output parameters Restart Scalar diffusivity Settling Velocity Stability Limits Time format Wind Stress Params 113 cell wet dry depths Density air Echo geometry End output amp global scalar diffusivity Include salinity Include wind Latitude Mode split Output dir Output points file Reset time Scalar mixing model Spatial order Start time Timestep limits em i UFLOW ent wem Command File FVC Reference 114 8 2 Command line syntax Each command line entry is defined by a descriptor followed by a followed by the specified value or values for the particular command line The syntax in the tables that follow use a triangular bracket to specify a value that requires user specification e Asan example for the command line Include file name gt the syntax inserted into the fvc would be for example Include includefile inc 66499 For command lines that have an option of several values a separator is specified in the syntax e For example the command line Time format Hours ISODate requires a choice of two options so that the command line will be either Time format Hours or Time format ISODate ee 99 For command lines that have a series of values to specify a separator is specified in the syntax e For example the command line Timestep Limits min
119. n periods of decades 4 3 Consolidate and prepare base data Consolidate and prepare base data especially bathymetry topography but also boundary conditions Spatial and time series data 1s normally relatively easy to collate especially with pre processing tools such as spreadsheets GIS MatLab etc Quality checking of data is important yes the often quoted garbage in garbage out phrase cannot be left out of any modelling manual 4 3 1 Bathymetry Topography A good description of bathymetry below the water surface in rivers seas etc and topography above the water surface on land is crucial for all hydrodynamic modelling exercises Bathymetric data 1s typically obtained via hydrographic surveys and or nautical charts These sources of data are generally restricted to areas of ship movements and recreational boating In some instances a hydrographic survey specific to the project may be available In the absence of reliable hydrographic survey or nautical chart information bathymetry estimated from satellite data may be available We FLOW e BMT WBM TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA Recommended steps in the modelling process 25 For flooding or coastal inundation a description of the land topography is also required This information is typically obtained via satellite radar or plane mounted Laser Detection and Ranging LIDAR or LADS instruments In most modelling exercises an early step will be to develop
120. ng the CFL condition has to be the size and shape it is fe FLOW S BMT WBM TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA Tips Tricks and Troubleshooting 100 7 1 6 Which mesh type Pave or Patch Pave is a series of triangles Patch is a more uniform patch of quadrilaterals When considering mesh types it is important to reflect upon TUFLOW FV and how its computational scheme performs As described above a model geometry is best when it describes the physical features in the most computationally efficient manner Generally speaking a patch mesh type is the most efficient mesh type and should be applied where possible Also a patch is easier to control ie it is easier to keep element size and shapes regular and according to what you intend A patch of elements can only be done if there are 4 arcs defining the patch In many instances this is not possible natural features are often more irregular Under such circumstances a pave mesh area should be used Often a mesh consists of a series of patches with paving connecting them together 7 1 7 Interaction between DEM generation and mesh generation As a general rule a flexible mesh design aligns with bathymetric topographic contours and features The mesh design is therefore intrinsically linked to the bathymetry and the data used to define it It is important to be aware of this and interlink the processes of DEM generation and mesh generation Table 7 1 describes the proces
121. o be made prior to finishing the mesh creation A The first is to switch the elements to be linear rather TENE ect Web windo than quadratic Quadratic elements not used by Options TUFLOW FV are for finite element models that use Triangulate g g Eont 2 jo mid side nodes such as RMA Press the menu Optimize Triangulation command Elements Linear lt gt Quadratic to Rectangular Patch Triangular Patch remove the mid side nodes Select Thin Triangles Find Merge Triangles Split Quadrilaterals QUADS lt gt QUADS Linear lt gt Quadratic Refine Relax Assign Material Type The difference between linear and quadratic can be seen in the mesh display TUFLOW amr wan TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA Quick SMS and TUFLOW FV Tutorial 47 7 Nodestrings boundary conditions The last step is to insert nodestrings Nodestrings are a string of nodes that can be used to define boundary conditions in TUFLOW FV in SMS the nodestrings have a number ES of other functions not used by TUFLOW FV For this example there will be an upstream and a downstream boundary condition applied ie along the left and right edges of the model domain A Press the Create nodestring button then click along the nodes that make up the left edge of the mesh Then create a second nodestring along the right edge of the mesh Hint hold the
122. o flow such as a dam This approach is not generally recommended The following figure provides an illustration of the computation of the hQh structure This check means that the hQh structure should represent a constriction to flow This option has actually been set as default in the latest TUFLOW FV release the reflecting wall momentum transfer type is no longer available e TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA FLOW BMT WBM Tips Tricks and Troubleshooting 106 hQh structure Computation h water level in each hi Water level in each cell cell immediately immediately downstream upstream of nodestring of nodestring Q Flow in hQh table is distributed to each cell face in the nodestring according to the cell width Structure flow or SWE IF Qhoh Qswe THEN Apply Q to cell face ELSE Apply Oto cell face on Q and water depth or set as reflecting wall Figure 7 2 Illustration of the computational logic for an hQh structure 7 6 3 Calculating an hQh relationship The TUFLOW FV hQh structure leaves the calculation of flow through the structure to the user This makes the hQh structure flexible in its application any structure be it weir culvert pipe etc can be applied but also means that the user needs to create the hQh relationship Options for doing this include e Calculation from first principles This is relatively easy for simple structures
123. ocessing tasks Both Cartesian and Spherical mesh geometries can be used as the basis for TUFLOW FV simulations Mesh building editing tutorials are included with a SMS installation or can be accessed via the Aquaveo SMS website ar D 7568 TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA F LO BMT WBM Recommended steps in the modelling process 21 A TUFLOW FV mesh is constructed using nodes arcs and vertices These mesh controls are generally positioned manually by the modeller using their preferred mesh generation tool Important features of an area to be modelled may include islands rivers and inlets deep channels etc A good mesh is constructed using the mesh controls nodes vertices and arcs to neatly resolve the important features within the model domain Figure 4 3 provides an example of the mesh controls and the resulting mesh for a section along a river bend The left panel shows the mesh controls namely e nodes red circles e arcs lines between two nodes e vertices small black squares along an arc The positions of the mesh controls have been defined by the modeller and in this case are located to resolve the river banks and the main channel The vertices have been distributed evenly along each arc and control the number of mesh cells that can occur along the arc The right panel shows the resulting mesh that is generated by the mesh software and based on the positions of the mesh controls Bed Elevation m
124. og law velocity profile and requires specification of a surface roughness length scale ks The global bottom roughness and material bottom roughness commands can be used to specify the bottom roughness value s to be used in the model No default Globally sets the bottom roughness value Global bottom roughness The bottom roughness specification depends on the Bottom drag model and may be a Manning s n coefficient default or an equivalent Nikuradse roughness ks m bottom roughness 8 4 7 1 Description of Material Block Commands Command Line Default Description Omne block This command indicates the beginning of a Material required for each material block specifying properties for cells material id id material type with material id Material properties are specified in listed in the following rows geometry file see also 2dm mesh Example material block file bottom drag 0 020 eddy viscosity 0 20 scalar diffusivity 60 0 6 0 end material Note that several material types can be grouped into a single material block material 4 6 9 11 12 IForest etc bottom roughness 0 1 end material ep FLOW S BMT WBM TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA Command File FVC Reference 125 Command Line oe pe Material group group mp aa If 1 true then cells with material ID are Inactive lt 0 1 gt excluded from th
125. olumns o cellID Z If xytype coordinate e The csv file contains a first line header then the columns o AY If ztype average ee FLOW S BMT WBM TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA Command File FVC Reference 119 Command Line Default Description e all z values identified within a given cell will be averaged If ztype overwrite e the cell bed level will be the last z value read Note that more than one cell elevation file can be listed each entry supersedes the previous Specifies that the model is in spherical Spherical 0 1 coordinates e Q Cartesian where input coordinates are in metres e Spherical where input coordinates are in nS SS Setting this to 0 stops the model from writing Echo Geometry a geo geometry output file 0 1 Partition val 8 4 4 Solution Scheme Command Line Default Description Ss Sets the cell wetting and drying depths in Cell dry wet depths ss metres lt cell dry depth m cell wet depth m gt The drying value corresponds to a minimum depth below which the cell is dropped from computations subject to the status of surrounding cells The wet value corresponds to a minimum depth below which cell momentum is set to Zero in order to avoid unphysical velocities at very low depths As above In case you are wet before you are dry Cell wet dry depths cell dry depth
126. on of 0 014 There is a constant upstream inflow of 419 089 m s The downstream water level is 78 401 m above the bed in super critical and the downstream water level 1s 77 937 m 1n subcritical Establish a folder structure The first step is to establish a folder structure see Section 3 8 So for a TUFLOW FV model project called quick tutorial the folder structure will be N quick tutorial qe bo t geo qeeeqmout output N results Place the 2dm file created in Section 5 1 into the geo folder Work out nodestring order TUFLOW FV uses the nodestrings as boundaries The nodestring ID specified in TUFLOW FV is the same as the ID listed in the 2dm file In the SMS interface click on a nodestring using the nodestring select tool The info bar along the bottom of SMS will show you what the nodestring ID is Alternatively open the 2dm file in a text editor and look for the nodestrings Do this by searching for NS at the start of the line For the 2dm file from Section 5 1 the NS lines are as follows NS 93 L 42 369 368 367 246 245 244 1 NS 241 242 243 364 265 366 62 4L 123 2 The first NS string listed here has a negative number at the end which signals that this is the end of the nodestring and then the nodestring ID which in this case is 1 Similarly the second nodestring listed has an ID 2 Don t worry if the nodes listed in the nodestring are in reverse order to that shown this doesn t influen
127. our coding file hyper linking and macros One such editor is Notepad this is open source www notepad plus plus org 3 10 SMS Interface Beta An interface for TUFLOW FV that allows the user to build and run a model within SMS is being developed At present this allows for only limited boundary condition types but this is planned to be expanded in the future In this section of the manual the installation of the interface 1s described A tutorial example is provided in Section 6 3 10 1 Installation When the TUFLOW FV interface for SMS in downloaded the following files are included Convert and run bat 2 Mesh to fv exe 3 TUFLOW FV 2dm The interface does not need to be installed however it does need to be configured The convert and run bat file is a batch file that will be initialised by SMS This needs to be configured to your machine to do this edit the bat file in a text editor An example of commands in the bat file are show in Figure 3 1 below the 8th line defines the location of the TUFLOW FV executable the highlighted text needs to be replaced with the location of the TUFLOW FV executable on your machine Tip In Windows 7 if you explore to the path of the executable hold shift down and then right click on the executable Copy As Path should be an option This copies the pathname to the clipboard and can be pasted into the text editor Similarly line 7 needs to be edited to define the location o
128. overlay it with the 2dm mesh file If cell centred results are desired then there are some workarounds Save the results as a netcdf file using the output command output netcdf Several MatLab scripts and corresponding executable files that can be used in the absence of MatLab are then available to export results from this format file Contact support tuflow com for more information on the scripts 2 Opena scatter dataset in SMS The output command output dat will produce an output file to do this 7 9 Specific insertions into the model geometry the Cell elevation command The command line cell elevation provides an option to insert elevations at some or all cells or elements in the model domain As outlined in the command reference this is done by providing a csv file that lists the x and y coordinates of the specific cells then the z values xy coordinates instead of the element IDs are used in case element renumbering is performed as part of the mesh design however if preferred cell IDs can be used More than one cell elevation command line can be entered and or more than one point per cell can be entered Depending upon input preference each z value will overwrite the preceding z value entry or an average of all points within each cell will be assigned This option can be used to address the issues described in Section 7 7 For example the invert along a drain could be specified using a single csv f
129. p Data 7 amp default coverage Time steps H L4 Q D Ones ZI SMS 10 1 02 sms xj File Edit Display Data Nodes Nodestrings Elements Mesh Web Window Help CHast i e E E E E a al v Mesh Data d 02 Z elevation trap_steady_02_H trap steady 02 V 123 trap steady 02 V mag RE Map Data B default coverage Time steps e d S Saks di WE UFLOW CS BMT WBM TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA Tutorial models 58 6 Tutorial models 6 1 Where are they Check out www tuflow com for a series of tutorial models that can be downloaded and analysed Note that the quick tutorial described in 5 is not available the emphasis of the quick tutorial is to demonstrate the steps taken rather than the end result A description of the tutorial exercises is provided here 6 2 Simple River Bend Using SMS Interface In this tutorial a simple model of a short section of river is created using the SMS TUFLOW FV interface The setup of the SMS TUFLOW FV interface is described in Section 3 10 Please follow the configuration steps in this section before starting this tutorial For this model we will be building a mesh for an inbank area of a river we will be applying an upstream inflow boundary and a downstream tidal boundary Before we start to create the TUFLOW FV mesh we need to load the TUFLOW FV model definition in SMS if it isn t already loaded To do this open the TUFLOW FV 2dm provided as par
130. pe Area Property z Observation Particle Drogue e Shoals Spatial Data i Stamping l Models m FESWMS Generic 2D Mesh PTM nm TUFLOW B 1D Crass Sections 1D Networks 1D Water Level Lines Coverage Mame Observation tees Once created highlight the dataset and select the create feature point button Create a feature point in the location you would like to extract results Multiple points can be extracted at the same time m ruFLOW f TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA U F LOW w7 BMT WBM Tutorial models 89 Once the points have been created select Display gt gt Plot Wizard Select the Time Series plot type lt Back Cancel Choose the dataset and time period to extract the results as per the image below and then slect Finish the plot will be displayed x Coverage Observation E Ei 2D Mesh Generic 2D Model End time 45 00 RiverBend Mesh001_V v 23 RiverBend Mesh001 H Use calibration data Band TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA TU F LOW Out WBM Tutorial models 90 Time Series RiverBend Mesh001 H 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 Hours e Point 1 RiverBend Mesh001 H In later modules we cover using the point output in TUFLOW FV to output results directly in csv format this allows higher frequency results to be extracted than the map output 6 2 6 R
131. r right click and press renumber This will renumber all the elements and nodes Note that all TUFLOW FV inputs are input via x y coordinates or nodestring IDs so renumbering should not influence your model runs although it may be pertinent to check this especially if you have identified a particular element or node ID to extract results 7 1 9 Does node and element numbering influence computational performance No not really Renumbering a mesh does have a small influence on the computational performance of TUFLOW FV a better numbered mesh will have smaller memory allocation This is different to other flexible mesh models implicit finite element models such as RMA for example where mesh design and numbering have significant impacts upon computational performance 7 2 How do I design a mesh for a river bend Check out the tutorial exercise in Section 6 2 7 3 My model runs too slow Don t immediately go and request a bigger computer We FLOW e BMT WBM TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA Tips Tricks and Troubleshooting 102 Remember that TUFLOW FV uses a flexible mesh and 1s limited by Courant criteria In other words if you double model resolution then expect an 8 fold increase in simulation time i e 4 times more cells and 2 the timestep Watch out for small elements in deep water or in high velocity situations Use the flexible mesh to your advantage by adjusting the mesh to mat
132. rinsky Kinematic viscosity kinematic viscosity value m s Global horizontal eddy viscosity eddy viscosity coefficient s m s gt Global horizontal eddy viscosity limits vl lt v2 gt Global horizontal TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA 122 Description Specifies the timestep for vertical turbulence mixing eddy viscosity and scalar diffusivity term updating Sets the scalar mixing model See also global scalar diffusivity None no horizontal scalar mixing Constant specify a constant isotropic scalar diffusivity Smagorinsky specify the Smagorinsky coefficient calculates an isotropic scalar diffusivity Elder specify longitudinal and transverse coefficients calculates a non isotropic diffusivity Sets the horizontal eddy viscosity calculation method See also global eddy viscosity None no horizontal momentum mixing Constant specify a constant eddy viscosity Smagorinsky specify the Smagorinsky coefficient calculates a local eddy viscosity Specifies the kinematic viscosity Globally sets the eddy viscosity coefficient This is dependent on the turbulence model e Constant specify a constant eddy viscosity e Smagorinsky specify the Smagorinsky coefficient See momentum mixing model command to set momentum mixing turbulence model Globally sets the diffusivity or diffusivity model coefficients This is dependent on the ee FLOW S B
133. s a project file sms Now that the required datasets are loaded we can begin to create the model mesh We need to create a new coverage in the map module Right click on the Map Data heading and select New Coverage as shown below rr ah lv Scatter Data fv E RiverBend Bathymetry us D3 Hevation deu sne E New Coverage New Folder Clear Coverages Display Options The coverage type should be set to Models Generic 2D Mesh Name the coverage Mesh Features and then select OK TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA F LOW ca BMT WBM Tutorial models 62 Mew Coverage Coverage Type E Generic Particle Drogue Shoals FESWMS S Generic 2D Mesh E P E TUFLOW 1D Cross Sections 10 Networks Coverage Name Make sure the newly create Mesh Features layers is selected in the table of contents as per the image below Et Map Data of JED Land Use In this layer we need to create a feature arc polyline in SMS to define our model extent This can be 7 covers the full extent of our bathymetry set so we can use the extent of the bathymetry in defining the done using the create feature arc button However in this case the model we are going to create model extent this needs to be converted into an object in our Mesh Features layer To do this right click on the RiverBend Bathymetry scatter dataset and the select convert gt gt Scatter Boundary g
134. s in a comma separated value csv format In the file import options select Delimited and select comma as the delimiter TU FLOW M7 BMT WBM TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA Tutorial models 02 File Import Wizard Step 1 of 2 File import options Set the column delimiters Delimited Space Tab Semicolon C Fixed Width w Comma E Other Text qualifier T a Treat consecutive delimiters as one v Skip Leading Delimiters Start import at row i EX Iw Heading row File preview 1 rd wv CFI dL min cfl dE mean E 2 1 O S5 178 754F4068 0 6884 1594F407 0 422 0 522 i 2 0 55188 7 5R406 0 6884 1S56R407 1 265 1 569 4 3 0 551871 3E 0B 0 884 1S55R407 2 125 595 475 5 4 0 55 1 SB40R 406 O B84 15 75R407 0 4232 D 5B55 Seen At the next prompt turn off the triangulate data and using the dropboxes set the ctrd x data to be mapped as X the ctrd Y to be mapped as Y and the dt min minimum timestep to be mapped as Z This is shown in the dialogue below File Import Wizard Step 2 of 2 5MS data type Scatter Set Mapping options Triangulate data Delete long triangles Modataflag 999 0 100000 0 Name minimum _dt Merge duplicate points within tolerance 0 00001 00 Filter Options ctrd x ctrd y cfl dt min cH dt mean 1 0 5518 32E 06 0 6841594E40 7 0 422 0 522 2 0 55186 3E 06 0 6841586E 07 1 265 1 569 3 0 5518713E 06 0 6841583E 0 2 125 596 475 4 0 551
135. s the scalar concentration Specifies the scalar decay rate in concentration units day This results in a sink term flux S S KagCh ee FLOW S BMT WBM Command File FVC Reference 150 Command Line Default Description where C is the scalar concentration and A is the flow depth This command indicates the end of a tracer block ar D 7568 FLOW Wear wem TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA Sediment Module Control File fvm Reference 151 9 Sediment Module Control File fvm Reference 9 1 List of Available Commands uela Ae m ham a a End output Material Output dir ks End sed frac Output tm Output parameter es ee ee 9 2 Description of General Commands Concentration Profile Model Uniform Rouse Sets the concentration profile model Uniform concentration uniform with depth Rouse the con Concentration Profile Params lt TBC gt TBC Flocculation Settling Model Constant Concentration Concentration amp Salinity Sets the flocculation settling model Constant TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA F LOW M BMT WBM Sediment Module Control File fvm Reference 152 Flocculation Settling Params TBC Hindered Settling Model lt None RZ gt Sets the hindered settling model None hindered settling neglected RZ hindered settling is calculated according to Richardson and Zaki 1954 Hindered Settling Params lt TBC
136. s typically followed to create a DEM using GIS techniques Also shown are the corresponding interactions with the mesh generation that can occur at each step Table 7 1 Interaction between DEM generation and mesh generation Step DEM Generation in a GIS Interactions with mesh generation Data is imported and quality checked Elevations in the mesh can be exactly those elevations measured if the mesh is snapped directly onto a data point Breaklines are defined to ensure Breaklines specified in a GIS can be applied as consistency of levels between data arcs in the mesh generator ensuring that the points mesh alignment lies precisely along each breakline A TIN is generated Extracting elevations for a mesh using a TIN is more accurate than a DEM especially if the 1 Bathymetric data often requires some interpretation and adjustments when creating a DEM or model geometry In particular it is important that key topographic bathymetric features are consistent and persist along their length Examples include e A raised levee or elevated road is a key hydraulic feature for a flood simulation it is important therefore to ensure that elevations between successive points along the levee are preserved e Similarly if the thalweg of a natural flow channel is not preserved then a blockage to flows can occur e f cross section surveys of river channels are conducted there is often some interpretation required to define the bathymetry
137. stability limit m FLOW S BMT WBM Command File FVC Reference 118 Command Line Default Description Sometimes models can be successfully overclocked with CFL gt 1 Sets the courant Courant Friedrichs Lewy condition used in timestep calculation for the advective terms CFL internal lt global maximum gt courant number The default value is 1 which is the theoretical stability limit 1 0 Sets the courant Courant Friedrichs Lewy CFL external condition used in timestep calculation for the global maximum free surface gravity wave terms gt courant number The default value is 1 which is the theoretical stability limit CFL dx min dx min 8 4 3 Geometry Command Line Default Description Ss No default Specifies the model 2D geometry input file Geometry 2d The input file should be an sms generic 2dm lt mesh file 2dm gt mesh file Only linear triangular and quadratic elements are supported Cell elevations can be set separately see also cell elevation file command Eg geometry 2d geo mesh_name 2dm If not entered This command can be used to set the cell bed Cell elevation file then geometry elevations for some or all cells in the model lt cell elevation reverts to domain file csv geometry 2d file xytype ztype gt If xytype cell_ID or is blank e The csv file contains a first line header then the c
138. stallation are broadly described below If you have any queries or problems or have concerns about the steps please contact support tuflow com 1 Install dongle drivers and hardware dongle gt Both 32 and 64 bit dongle drivers are available on the TUFLOW website o http www tuflow com ProductDownload aspx tuffv gt Once installed you will need a hardware dongle The TUFLOW support team will provide this 2 Create licence request gt If the dongle is not licenced you will need to create a licence request This is a file extension WibuCmRaC which needs to be emailed to us then 1s returned with the updated licence file gt Contact support tuflow com for detailed instructions 3 Update Licence File gt The updated licence file is installed using the Codemeter software installed on your computer 4 Update TUFLOWFV EXE Path gt The model itself is called TUFLOWFV exe This can be placed in any folder on your computer 5 Check TUFLOWFV EXE Once the previous steps are completed check that all is working by double clicking on the TUFLOWFV EXE executable then pressing RETURN when prompted for an input file The licence information should be presented Any problems contact support tuflow com 6 Accessing TUFLOWFV EXE from your project folder gt See Section 3 4 3 4 Running TUFLOWFV exe There are several different ways available to run TUFLOW FV ranging from simple double click to advanced batch files
139. t gt Map this step is shown below s dum FLOW BMT WBM TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA Tutorial models 63 H wa Scatter Data E Scatter Module Elevation S Bathu a Uo 2 0 ag Elevation New Folder Xu og il Delete od v amp 9 Mesh_Feature Duplicate m Rename 2D Split En Convert F Scatter Boundary gt Scatter Reproject Scatter Boundary gt Map Scatter Breaklines gt Map Metadata Scatter Contours gt Map Zoom to Scatter nicam After the conversion the scatter dataset boundary should be in the Mesh Features layer this is easier to see with the scatter set turned off This is shown in the image below ge ad k i agia Scatter Data QE RiverBend Bathymetry 3 F F HANG T gt O Zoom in to the northern boundary of the model and select the two corner vertices l 1 and convert these to nodes rij TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA e FLOW F amt WBM Tutorial models 64 Before After Select the feature arc and then right click and use the redistribute vertices to redistribute 10 vertices along the line We FLOW e BMT WBM TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA Tutorial models Delete Filter amp rc s Filter Arc Segment s Offset Arc s Redistribute Vertices Reverse Arc Direction Smooth Arc s Transform Attributes Clear S
140. t of the SMS interface NOTE The Define Model is used to create modify the interface this should not be modified by the user and is password protected If this is modified the conversion process is highly likely to fail 6 2 1 Data Provided For this tutorial the following datasets have been provided e Bathymetry data this is provided as a SMS Scatter TIN dataset e Land use areas provided as SMS Map Coverage e Boundary condition data in comma separated variable csv format The SMS data bathymetry and land use data are shown below in Figure 6 1 and Figure 6 2 respectively Load the bathymetry data RiverBend_Bathymetry tin and land use data RiverBend_LandUse map in SMS When loaded correctly the table of contents in SMS should contain the scatter dataset containing the bathymetry and a map dataset containing the land use polygons as shown in Figure 6 3 e FLOW S BMT WBM TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA Tutorial models 59 scatter Module Elevation 2 0 INSET Example TIN Triangles 1 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 5 0 Figure 6 1 River Bend Tutorial Bathymetry Data ee TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA FLOW BMT WBM Tutorial models 60 Feature Object Legend Si c C att er M d T e EI gy ati an E TR 7 TRAE OT TUT AATCC TTT 7 VR E D ON ALTELE apit ATE AT LLL LES TT THEE TELA TTE Hp HEEL DELO TT Lo
141. t transport module me 4 FLOW p GS BMT WBM Ve TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA Command File FVC Reference 137 Parameter Description Temperature degrees Celsius degrees Celsius m s Total bed thickness m Tracer concentration units m Tracer flux units m s Tracer mass units Total suspended solids concentration mg L TURBZ Output of vertical turbulence parameters which includes TURBZ TKE m s TURBZ_EPS m s TURBZ L m TURBZ SPFSQ s TURBZ BVFSQ s TURBZ NUM m s TURBZ NUH m s URBZ NUS m s Velocity vector m s m W W W Vertical velocity m s LEN 10 m wind speed vector m s Output of water quality parameters Output of water quality parameters Wave height m typically significant wave height Wave period s typically peak wave period Wave direction degrees true coming from Wave stress vector N m Bed elevation m 8 5 Control File Structure Advanced The following command line entries are required to include additional features and modules of TUFLOW FV beyond the standard 2D hydrodynamic 8 5 1 Structures Command Line Default Description No default Marks the beginning of a structure block Structure lt Structype ID Structype can be e Nodestring me 4 FLOW BMT WBM TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA Command File FVC Reference 138 Command Line Default Description The stru
142. ta e 0 9 HUA quick tutorial output view 42 z elevation f23 trap steady 01 D trap steady 01 H trap steady 01 V 123 trap steady 01 V mag Te Map Data OB default coverage 1 5 Mesh Module trap steady 01 vv 0 06 00 00 12 20 m s Jde 0 00 m s Time steps ERELID In this instance the results can be checked by comparing to the Manning s equation Q I n A Ri S For a flow rate of 450 m s the normal water depth is approximately 2 5 m Thus in this example there should be a reasonably constant water depth along the length of the channel at the end of the simulation There are a range of display options in SMS the following display shows a longitudinal profile of water depths throughout the simulation To do this a feature arc needs to be created in the Map module the type of this coverage needs to be Observation Then the Display Plot wizard menu is used TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA TU FLOW gua WBM Quick SMS and TUFLOW FV Tutorial 54 File Edit Display Data Nodes Nodestrings Elements Mesh Web Window Help CHast i Plot 4 v Mesh Data S 5 Elh quick tutorial trap steady 01 D Z elevation 123 trap steady 01 D trap steady 01 H trap steady 01 V 123 trap steady 01 V mag AY Map Data MB default coverage 500 600 Distance e 4 A A l ox Time steps Ki FEA RUE Sasa As shown at the end of the simulation there is al
143. terial Asterisks 7 denote attributes that are different between selected polygons Help EE Interpolation mm Interpolation Options Scatter Set To Interpolate From Interpolation E i RiverBend_Bathymetry active Linear Extrapolation Single Value Single Value 2 0 Other Options Time Step Interpolation 2g 0 00 D Truncate values Seconds 6 843126 3 402782e 038 iie JFLOW emt wem TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA Tutorial models 74 We next need to define the locations for our boundary conditions Select the feature arc at the northern edge of the model and in the attributes dialogue set this type to Boundary Condition as per the image below Then select Options In the boundary condition dialogue set the boundary type to Water Level and the select Define step 2 in the image below TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA TU F LOW BMT WBM Tutorial models 75 Open the Tide xlsx or Tide csv in Excel these are in the provided data copy and paste the data into the series editor All data can be copied at the same time this does not need to be done one column at atime The dialogue should look like the below L XY Series Editor Time Water Level 1 joo oo E 2 025 0138 1 0 3 05 074 4 075 0407 ES 5 10 0535 6 125 0 656 E 7 15 0769 s 00 8 1175 0872 9 20 0 965 dis
144. ters see Output Parameters Table 8 4 lt many gt Example output block output datv output parameters h v scal 1 scal 2 output interval 900 Note that not all parameters are supported depending on output type see the output command and Table 8 3 for details This provides the name of a file with the Output points file coordinates of output points required for a lt file name points output type CSV gt v This file is a CSV format containing x and y coordinates of the desired output locations additional columns are ignored E g Output points file Points csv Points csv contents X Y ID not used 314000 7368000 Point 1 300000 7350000 Point 2 If not specified Specify the start time for an output request Start Output this will default to lt time gt the simulation The time format must be consistent with the start time simulation time format If not specified Specify the final time for an output request Final Output this will default to lt time gt the simulation end The time format must be consistent with the time simulation time format 0 resulting in Output interval in seconds Ou tpu t Interval output at every timestep s timestep If 1 then output compression is activated Output compression fis FLOW S BMT WBM TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA Command File FVC Reference Comm
145. that it conserves mass to numerical precision for all cells and for the entire computational domain This is valid down to single precision accuracy for the TUFLOW FV engine build used in the study Mass balance can be checked via flux outputs along nodestrings and also by specification of the volume output parameter specification See Section 8 7 12 Distribution of flows across a nodestring Q boundary condition There are two ways to apply a flow boundary condition to a TUFLOW FV model 1 Flow is distributed according to the width of each individual cell face along the nodestring by setting sub type 1 in the fvc input control file gt If sub type 1 then the flow Qi entering each of the i 1 n cells along the boundary is distributed from the total flow Qi according to the width wi of each cell face Wi Q m Qiot Y wi 2 Flow is distributed according to the width and depth of each individual cell face along the nodestring by setting sub type 3 in the fvc input control file Actually there s 4 ways But sub types 2 and 4 relate to a more specific boundary type applicable to 3D applications Contact support tuflow com for more information e FLOW S BMT WBM TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA Tips Tricks and Troubleshooting 110 gt If sub type 3 then the flow Qj entering each of the i 1 n cells along the boundary is distributed from the total f
146. ther computer work you need to do L D 7568 FLOW TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA x BMT WBM Before starting 14 3 4 4 2 Manually To change the priority level of simulation manually e open Task Manager see your System Administrator if you re not sure how to do this e click on the Processes Tab e find the TUFLOWFV exe process you wish to change e right click choose Set Priority then the priority desired as shown in the image below Note don t choose High or Realtime as this will cause the TUFLOW process to take over your CPU and you may not able to do much until the simulation is finished ADT Task Manager E m File Options wiew Help Applications Processes Performance Networking Image Mame User Mame CFI Mem Usage wWwPFFantCache v040 LOCAL SERVICE n 4 748 E wmipr vse exe SYSTEM a 9 464 K WINWORD EXE cFnielsen Da 76 780 K wWirnvnc4 Exe SYSTEM an 3 788 K E Winvi32 exe cFnielsen ME 3 604 K winlagan exe SYSTEM n O04 E Uw FOGE EE SYSTEM n 2 58 EK TUFLOWFY exe cFnielsen 24 629 baskmgr exe Ol 3 046 K End P T System Idle Proces b 16 20 K System an 240 K SEITE Set Priority Realtime j svchost exe a K rhat eE Set Affinity High K sychost exe NETWORK SERVI AboveNormal K svchost exe SYSTEM Normal K svchost exe NETWORK SERVI rm re k z surhaosk exe lou Al SFRVTCF L k DIM Show processes From all users Processes a8 CPU Usage 100
147. three items listed on the left of the screen set a Manning s value Suggested values are in the table below Table 6 1 River bend Tutorial Suggested Manning s Values Vegetation a TUFLOW BMT WBM Flood and Tide Simulation Software TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA Tutorial models 82 General Time Output HD Parameters Advance The model is now ready to run 6 2 4 Running the Model Ensure that the SMS project has been saved The TUFLOW FV files will be created in a sub directory in the same location as the SMS project sms To run the model select TUFLOW FV gt gt Run TUFLOW FV TUFLOW FV Web Window Hel Check Mesh Define Model Global Parameters Assign BC Material Properties Run TUFLOW FV The following dialogue should be displayed stating that no model checks have been violated Select OK and a console window should be displayed this will display the location of the inputs and outputs This step is shown below L pn BMT WBM Flood and Tide Simulation Software TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA Tutorial models 83 ES C Windows system32 cmd exe e E C TUPFLOW_FUSTutorial RiverBend echo off Current Directory TUFLOW_FUSTutorial RiverBend Input 2d mesh file RiverBend_Mesh l 2dm Output control file RiverBend Hezsh Bi fuc Fath to 2dm convertor C TUFLOW deusTuflow Utilities mesh_to_FU Re lease
148. three nodes that connect to create the triangular element fe FLOW S BMT WBM TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA 2dm Mesh File Format Reference 157 The final number is the element material id that is used to define areas with the same bed roughness The SMS screen shot in Figure 10 3 shows a triangle element highlighted in red with the panel below describing how the element is defined in the mesh file C UltraEdit O TUFLOW_FV Models Iutorial Model geo M01_FY_Mesh_001 2dm File Edit Search Insert Project View Format Column Macro Scripting Advanced Window Help L3 10 20 3 0 40 5 0 6 0 70 MESHZD E4Q 1 E40 E40 E40 E40 E40 E40 E40 E40 E40 E40 E40 E40 E40 E40 E40 E40 E40 E40 a lt gt l r4 3 4 5 e 7 S 9 O 0 amb wh HL H oH H a H HH HH H H H H H H dg B 7 uj s amp iz iz 4j EE ans me Hav ea iio 3 d f For Help press F1 DOS Mod 10 05 2010 4 13 17 PM File Size 4363956 Figure 10 1 TUFLOW FV Mesh File Viewed Using UltraEdit Text Editor rZ p e TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA e FLOW v BMT WBM 2dm Mesh File Format Reference 158 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 E4Q E4Q E40 E40 E40 E4Q E40 E40 E40 E4Q E40 E40 E4Q 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 197 198 199 200 208 209 212 211 223 224 225 226 227 218 219 222 221 216 219 222 221 224 225 226 22
149. timately produce a far more efficient mesh which will be more accurate and computationally efficient 7 1 3 Follow the contours Water typically flows along contour lines Ensuring that elements also follow the contours for example by using contours as arcs that define polygons and mesh regions will in general produce the most efficient meshes Remember to also include top of bank lines thalwegs of channels etc 7 1 4 Build piece by piece The map module of SMS allows you to construct pieces of your model each defined as a polygon which in turn is defined by a series of arcs Then each polygon can contain specific mesh properties Developing a mesh framework in this stepwise manner is recommended the approach allows the flexibility to adjust components of the mesh design relatively easily and provides the balance of manual and automated 7 1 5 Courant limits TUFLOW FV is an explicit model This means that the timestep of the model is dependent upon the element which has the highest Courant number The Courant number or CFL condition limits each timestep in a model simulation as follows At lt Ax N gd v Where At timestep Ax is a nominal cell length g is gravity d is water depth and v is velocity This means that a small element in deep water and or with a high velocity will likely become the limit for the timestep and hence the overall simulation time It is important to make sure that the element responsible for limiti
150. tionally efficient More computationally intensive but can parallelise Stability Handles wetting and drying well Very stable wetting and drying e Shock capturing capability stable in supercritical flows steep gradients etc Geometry Relatively straightforward to More effort required to design the import from DEM mesh e Less manual adjustment less e More flexibility when designing reliance on modeller to the mesh more dependence design upon modeller to do a good job Typical TUFLOW has traditionally been TUFLOW FV has traditionally been applications applied for floodplain and urban applied to coastal and estuarine stormwater management applications e But TUFLOW originally was e But FV engine is perfectly created for estuarine suited to dambreak simulation Flexible mesh e Needs a modeller to design application Both can be applied to a range of applications The available additional modules for each limit their application to some extent sre Ww a 4 d FL e BMT WBM TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA Introduction 8 Table continued see note for symbols Category Feature TUFLOW TUFLOW FV Dimensionality Hydrod ic HD Structures t mamanws LIINC AN gem erm Links to global ocean circulation models XI Advection Dispersion Plumes and pollutants ili AD Decay coefficients 00 coefficients Sand Sand transport 000000000 Morphological Update Rivers
151. tly sloping beach over a tidal cycle or more extreme over land flows associated with a flood storm surge or tsunami Dry wet depths defined by the user will often depend on the scale of the simulation For full scale or real world simulations dry wet depths are typically in the order of centimetres For some laboratory scale simulations for example a dam break or wave run up the user defined wet dry depths may be in the order of millimetres ds FLOW e BMT WBM TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA Recommended steps in the modelling process 3 In terms of the TUFLOW FV computations the drying value corresponds to a minimum depth below which the cell is dropped from computations subject to the status of surrounding cells The wet value corresponds to a minimum depth below which cell momentum is set to zero in order to avoid unphysical velocities at very low depths 4 5 5 Initial conditions For models that simulate tidal hydrodynamics only the modeller may choose to start the model with an initially flat stationary sea and allow the open boundary input to warm up the model Under this scenario the warm up period should be long enough to allow any transients generated at the start of the simulation to propagate out of the model Alternatively the simulation initial condition can be defined manually by the modeller and read from a csv file or by output from a previous simulation using a TUFLOW FV restart
152. uctured meshes comprising of triangular and or quadrilateral elements The flexible mesh allows for seamless boundary fitting along complex coastlines or open channels as well as accurately and efficiently representing complex bathymetries with a minimum number of computational elements The flexible mesh capability is particularly efficient at resolving a range of scales in a single model without requiring multiple domain nesting Figure 4 2 shows a TUFLOW FV mesh and DEM of Port Curtis the DEM without the mesh is shown in Figure 4 1 This mesh was primarily developed to assess the impacts of a proposed shipping navigation channel expansion Consequently the mesh was constructed to neatly resolve the existing and proposed shipping channel geometry Smaller mesh elements higher mesh resolution were necessary to resolve the complex tidal flows in the vicinity of the smaller islands and the harbour constriction Larger mesh elements lower mesh resolution were used in regions located away from the areas of interest and or where the flow varied more gradually such as the shallow mud flats represented by the dark green areas in Figure 4 2 Figure 4 2 TUFLOW FV Mesh of Port Curtis Queensland Australia Unstructured mesh geometries can be created using any suitable mesh generation tool BMT WBM staff generally use the SMS Generic Mesh Module ww w aquaveo com sms for building meshes as well as undertaking a range of model pre processing and post pr
153. ult Description 0 0 no Include suspended sediment fraction s as Include sediment sediment modelled parameter s 0 for false 1 for true 0 1 0 1 The second flag specifies whether density is a function of the modelled sediment fractions 0 for false 1 for true Additional information pertaining to sediment modelling is specified through the Sediment control file No default Specifies the sediment control file which is Sediment Control required if the include sediment flag is set to 1 File file name fvm The sediment control file commands are described in Section 0 Globally sets the initial scalar concentration Initial Sediment fields Concentration sed 1 sed Nsed mg L gt 8 5 6 Heat Exchange Command Line Default Description A Include heat exchange in the model solution 0 Include heat for false 1 for true 0 1 E Specific heat of water Heat cp cp ee TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA F LOW ES BMT WBM Command File FVC Reference 147 Default Description Specific heat of air Latent heat transfer coefficient Sensible heat transfer coefficient Command Line Hoat cate cpa lt cpa gt Heat a ee ee lt cln gt Hast oth as vA csn csn Long wave radiation albedo Heat albedo lw alb lw Heat water emissivity Heat water em
154. undary External E ZWAR o 8 4 11 Output Command Line Default Same location as Output dir FVC file lt filepath gt Write restart dt time hours gt Restart overwrite lt 10 1 gt Description Specify the output directory for results files E g output dir DA FVWBM Output or output dir Output Writes a restart file to the directory where the fvc file sits at the time specified The restart file is a binary file The restart file is read in using the restart command Overwrite restart file at each restart dt step or create a series of restart files each file has a counter included in the name e means the restart file will be overwritten e means the restart file will not be overwritten 8 4 12 Description of Output Block Commands Command Line Default Output format output TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA Description This command indicates the beginning of an output block and specifies the type of output Table 8 3 presents the output types available Output block properties include e Output Interval e Output Parameters FLOW umowe usen manual BUEDAON UA 00 TWFLOW Due wem BMT WBM Command File FVC Reference 134 Command Line Default Description end output e Output Points File end output Output file name suffix option Suffix suffix Specify the required output parame
155. ures such as man made developments infrastructure etc can be included in the model mesh precisely To exploit these advantages the mesh needs to be designed carefully and appropriately for the specific model application There are a number of mesh generators available to construct a model mesh however BMT uses the SMS package provided by Aquaveo see www aquaveo com sms We use SMS for the following reasons e SMS previously Fasttabs of Brigham Young University has been a commercially available mesh generation package for decades it has been extensively tested improved and adjusted e SMS strikes a good balance between manual and automatic mesh generation techniques in our experience setting up a mesh still needs some manual inputs An illustrative comparison of fixed grid vs flexible mesh is shown in Figure 2 1 40 m minimum cell size required to accurately represent bed forms and flow patterns 438 elements in flexible mesh 1676 active elements in fixed grid Figure 2 1 Flexible mesh vs fixed grid We FLOW e BMT WBM TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA Introduction 5 The flexible mesh shown has 438 elements with a typical cell size of 40 to 140 m In the narrowest bend of the river the cells are smaller and elongated 1e longer in the direction of flow shorter across the channel the cross channel width in this location 1s the critical cell distance in this situation because this resolution is nec
156. variation in water level a gauging station that provides a river discharge measurement or may be output from larger scale model Descriptions of the various boundary conditions their commands and associated inputs are provided in Section 8 4 10 4 5 2 Bed friction For hydrodynamic simulations without sediment transport the bed boundary is simply described using a bed roughness model The default model is that attributed to Manning in which case a Manning s n coefficient should be specified An alternative model assumes a log law velocity profile and requires specification of a surface roughness length scale ks A single bed roughness can be set globally or the modeller can assign different roughness values to particular mesh cells within the model domain See Section 8 4 7 1 4 5 3 Forcings Boundary conditions can be applied to the water surface and typically include wind ambient pressure and or wave fields In many locations or for particular events such as a storm these forcing mechanisms can have a significant influence on local hydrodynamics Wind pressure and wave boundary conditions are typically defined by measurements and or output from other models These conditions may be applied globally i e constant throughout the model domain or allowed to vary spatially for a given timestep 4 5 4 Wetting and Drying TUFLOW FV simulates the wetting and drying of areas within the model domain such as that observed on a gen
157. wards and forwards are Alt Left Right arrow to go backwards forwards to the last locations Ctrl Home returns to the front page which contains useful hyperlinks Also Ctrl End provides quick access to the end pages which contain all the hyperlinks to the text file commands Any constructive suggestions are very welcome support tuflow com 1 3 Sections e Introduction Section 0 provides some basic information about TUFLOW FV and flexible mesh modelling in general Reading this section should provide a good overall impression of the modelling approach and under what circumstances use of TUFLOW FV is most appropriate e Installation Section 3 3 provides the steps needed to install TUFLOW FV on your computer e Running the TUFLOW FV executable TUFLOW FV is run using a file called TUFLOWFV exe This can be activated in a variety of ways that are described in Section 3 4 e Before starting Once installed Section O0 describes a few administrative steps that should be followed prior to running TUFLOW FV such as naming conventions how dongles work etc e The modelling process What are the steps needed to setup and run a successful modelling exercise Section 0 provides an overview of the steps e FLOW S BMT WBM TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA Navigating the Manual 2 e Quick tutorial on mesh generation and TUFLOW FV model setup Section 0 demonstrates the development of a very simple model mesh Follow
158. window and press Ctrl S This will temporarily halt the model simulation To continue again press Ctrl Q To cancel a simulation Ctrl C 3 4 5 From UltraEdit The benefits of running TUFLOW FV from UltraEdit is that it provides a common environment where the control files can be edited simulations started and text file output be viewed There is no need to close the fvc file or other control and output files to run TUFLOW FV Setting up TUFLOW FV to run from UltraEdit is very similar to setting up TUFLOW Classic This is described in the wiki e http wiki tuflow com index php title Run_TUFLOW_From_ UltraEdit 3 4 6 From Notepad As for UltraEdit Notepad provides the option to run TUFLOW FYV from the editor either from a shortcut key or from the menu Follow the instructions in the Notepad wiki e http wiki tuflow com index php title NotepadPlusPlus_ Run TUFLOW 3 5 Mesh Development Tools The Surfacewater Modelling System SMS by Aquaveo is a powerful environment for developing TUFLOW FV flexible mesh models and visualising model results A trial version of SMS can be downloaded from ww w aquaveo com sms It s a useful mesh development environment because it e FLOW S BMT WBM TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA Before starting 16 offers a blend of automated mesh generation tools in combination with intuitive manual operators which is ideal for making a TUFLOW FV fl
159. you adjust arc lines and the vertices that define them B For this model example we should adopt a resolution of 5 m across the channel and 25 m n along the channel Using the Select Feature Arc button select the top arc k Then adjust the number of vertices the Arc options buttons to suit the desired mesh resolution In this instance there should be 1 000 25 1 39 vertices Repeat this for the bottom arc nnss WE TUFLOW FV USER MANUAL BUILD 2010 10 AA F LOW e BMT WBM Quick SMS and TUFLOW FV Tutorial 44 2D Mesh Polygon Properties Mesh Type Patch Bathymetry Type Scatter Sel Scatter Options Fill from edges Material material 0 Arc Options t Use original 39 vertices Distribute 38 vertices E x Se i Preview Mesh i 1 0 d EL Help Cancel C Repeat for the left and right arcs which will have 25 12 5 1 1 vertices You may o need to use the zoom button to assist with arc selection J D Once this is done check the Bathymetry type Mesh Type to be scatter set This will ensure that the z Patch values previously entered into the scatter data will be interpolated onto the final mesh For a straight trapezoidal channel such as this a patch mesh type is the most efficient emp Scatter Set Scatter Options Fill from edges E Use the Preview Mesh to see what the mesh looks like Use the zoom

TUFLOW Manual - 2007

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