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Contents
1. iii 1 0 Introduction 1 1 1 Hardware and Software Requirements 1 1 2 Installation of the ADPP View 1 2 0 Quick Start for ADPP View 3 2 1 Starting ADPP View 3 3 0 Transient State Analysis Component 5 3 1 Transient State Drain Spacing 5 3 2 Running the Transient State Component 5 3 3 Title for Transient Input File 6 3 4 Input Mode for Transient Input File 6 Input Modes 6 Unit Type 7 3 5 Field Data for Transient Input File 7 3 6 Deep Percolation Schedule for the Transient Input File 8 Add Button For the Deep Percolation Schedule 8 Delete Button For the Deep Percolation Schedule 8 Plot Button For the Deep Percolation Schedule 9 3 7 Transient Model Output Window2. 24 5 5 Window Pull Down Menu 24 5 6 Help Pull Down Menu 25 6 0 Appendix A Glossary of Terms 27 7 0 Appendix B Data Check Lists 31 7 1 Transient State Component Check List 31 7 2 Uncertainty Analysis Component Check List 32 8 0 Appendix C Bibliography 33 9 0 Index 35 Version 1 0 iv Introduction 1 0 Introduction Agricultural Drainage Planning Program ADPP View is amenu driven computer program that assists in analysis and design of existing and proposed drainage systems There are two components to ADPP View a Transient State Analysis Component which is used to compute drain spacings from field data and an Uncertainty Analysis Component which can be used to evaluate the potential costs and performance of a particular drain design or a range of possible drain spacings The Transient State Component uses the Bureau of Reclamation Transient State equation to compute drain spacings Essentially the program uses a deep percolation schedule with hydraulic conductivity and specific yield inputs to adjust drain spacings so that the field in question achieves a dynamic
3. 10 4 0 Uncertainty Analysis Component 11 4 1 Drainage Design Under Uncertainty 11 4 2 Uncertainty Risk Analysis Model Options 12 Analysis Evaluation 12 Uncertainty Analysis Option 12 Units 13 4 3 Data Entry Tabs for Uncertainty Risk Analysis 13 Field Data Tab 13 Cost Data Tab 14 Trenching Machine Tab 15 Analysis of a Range of Designs Tab 16 Loss Function Range Tab 17 iii User Manual ADPP View Single Design Evaluation Tab 18 Risk Analysis Tab 19 5 0 Pull Down Menus 21 5 1 Subwindow options 21 5 2 File Menu 22 5 3 Model Pull Down Menu 23 5 4 View Pull Down Menu
4. Plot Plots the output data in a graphing package as shown on the cover 2 Print via Wordpad Opens the output file in wordpad and you can print the output using different fonts or settings Write Writes a text file 4 Done This closes the output window Help Opens a help file for the output window Version 1 0 10 Uncertainty Analysis Component 4 0 Uncertainty Analysis Component 4 1 Drainage Design Under Uncertainty The Uncertainty Analysis Component uses the variability in the data to arrive at a reliability for the drain design This method is based on Donnan s Steady State Equation The Uncertainty Analysis Component uses two methods to model uncertainty in drainage design The Risk Analysis Method measures the uncertainty associated with soil characteristics and the Loss Function Analysis measures the uncertainty with different crop characteristics To give an idea of the data needed for computing Uncertainty a data check list for this component see Section 7 2 Uncertainty Analysis Component Check List There are two classes of uncertainty in drain design problems the natural spatial variability and information uncertainty The natural spatial variability assumes some inherent uncertainty that cannot be reduced by sampling The information uncertainty represents the lack of information in quantity or quality or both Simple methods have been developed to deal with the uncertainty To deal with large scale spatial
5. Units All the units for data entry and displaying model results can be set to metric or standard using this option The model does not allow the mixing of unit types 4 3 Data Entry Tabs for Uncertainty Risk Analysis All the data for this model is arranged in tabs for easy entry Some of the tabs can change depending on the model options selected in Section 4 2 Uncertainty Risk Analysis Model Options 4 3 1 Field Data Tab Field Data Cost Data Trenching Machines Analysis of a Range of Designs Loss Function Analysis Type of pipe Plastic Drain radius 1 o m Depth to barrier d Standard deviation of 9 p m Hydraulic conductivity of soil RB Standard deviation of K po Recharge rate Qd po m day Standard deviation of Qd po m day Figure 13 Uncertainty Risk Field Data Tab This tab has the following eight fields and options for field data 1 2 3 Type of Pipe There are three options for the type of pipe including plastic concrete or clay Drain Radius r in meters or feet Depth to barrier d This is the depth to an impermeable barrier in meters or feet Typically drains are needed in agricultural lands with an impermeable barrier that does not allow for the proper drainage of the land Standard deviation of d Since the distance to the barrier may fluctuate across the field the distribution can be modeled by using the standard deviation i
6. 4 3 4 Input Mode for Transient Input File The model can be run in design mode or analysis mode using the radio button and it also has the option of using English or metric units as shown in Figure 5 3 4 4 Input Modes Design mode is for a hypothetical drainage design or to design a new drainage system The program uses a deep percolation schedule hydraulic conductivity specific yield and maximum water table above the drain to adjust drain spacings so that the water table reaches a dynamic equilibrium over the course of a year see Figure 6 From the field data a determination is made whether to use on barrier or off barrier case based on the calculation of d Y Y is the height of the water table relative to the drain depth at midpoint between drains after each irrigation event and d is the depth to the barrier If the ratio is less than 0 1 the program will use the on barrier case If the ratio is greater than 0 1 the program will use the off barrier case If Analysis mode is selected it is assumed that the you are evaluating an existing system therefore the Existing Drain Spacing is entered directly In this case the model does not determine the dynamic Version 1 0 6 Transient State Analysis Component equilibrium of the water table but instead computes the water table elevation Note When the Input Mode is set to Analysis or Design the input for the other mode is grayed out indicating that it can t be enter
7. entered as a fraction 5 Drain Radius This is the radius of the installed or proposed drain including drain pipe and gravel envelope 6 Depth to the Drain This is the distance from the ground surface to the drain Version 1 0 7 Field Data for Transient Input File User Manual ADPP View 7 Existing Drain Spacing If the input mode is set to Analysis the existing drain spacing can be entered 8 AWHC for top 5 ft of Soil AWHC Available Water Holding Capacity is defined as the difference between the amount of soil water at field capacity and the amount at wilting point and is entered as centimeters or inches Note This option is only available if the Bench and Bottomlands selection is made in the Model pull down menu see Section 5 3 Model Pull Down Menu 3 6 Deep Percolation Schedule for the Transient Input File This option can be used to enter the dates and amounts of each deep percolation event either from an irrigation or rainfall event r Deep Percolation Schedule Month Day DeepPerc n 1 22 Add to add Delete Plot 00 00 4 IH TUS Figure 7 Deep Percolation Schedule Example 3 6 1 Add Button For the Deep Percolation Schedule You can add as many deep percolation events as you want by putting the number of events to add under the Add button i e to add field and pressing Add see Figure 7 3 6 2 Delete Button For the Deep Percolation Schedule T
8. equilibrium over the course of a year with the water table build up not exceeding the level specified The Uncertainty Analysis Component uses Donnan s Steady State Equation to compute the water table s response to inflow from percolation and outflow to the drains to determine the reliability of the drains It also uses various equations and the user s input to determine the cost per acre for the drain design specified Both of these methods of analysis are explained in detail in the Bureau of Reclamation s Drainage Manual One way to use the transient and risk analysis components of this program is to develop a design spacing in the Transient State Analysis Component and then use this design spacing or range of spacings in the Uncertainty Analysis Component to evaluate the reliability of the design 1 4 Hardware and Software Requirements The most current version of ADPP View runs of a Windows 95 98 NT platform and is best used on machines with at least a Pentium processor No additional hardware or software requirements are necessary 1 2 Installation of the ADPP View 1 The ADPP View software can be downloaded with the documentation from the Internet web page http www ids colostate edu projects adpp 2 Select the adpp zip file on the download page and save it to your local system You may need to download winzip to uncompress the file if you don t already have it There is a link provided on the download page 3 Save the adpp zip file
9. premise that the hydraulic head is constant with respect to time for all points in the flow field Transient state analysis Analysis based on the premise that the hydraulic head varies with respect to times at any point in the flow field Uncertainty There are two classes of uncertainty in drain design problems the natural spatial variability and information uncertainty The natural spatial variability assumes that the soil water system is a stochastic system with some inherent uncertainty that cannot be reduced by sampling The information uncertainty represents the lack in quantity or quality or both of information concerning the soil properties Water table The imaginary surface in an unconfined ground water body at which the water pressure is Version 1 0 28 Appendix A Glossary of Terms atmospheric Weighted Average Hydraulic Conductivity equivalent horizontal hydraulic conductivity A means of representing a layered system in which each layer has different hydraulic conductivity as a single homogeneous layer with a single equivalent hydraulic conductivity Expressed algebraically as n Ka L i 1 where K the weighted average hydraulic conductivity L T Ki the hydraulic conductivity for interval i L T di the thickness of interval 1 L n the number of depth intervals used to represent the average saturated thickness Yo Height of the water table at the be
10. to your local system and select the file in Microsoft Explorer by double clicking on it This will open the winzip program 4 Select the install button in the winzip program and follow the instructions in the setup utility Version 1 0 1 Hardware and Software Requirements User Manual ADPP View Version 1 0 Quick Start for ADPP View 2 0 Quick Start for ADPP View 2 1 Starting ADPP View 1 Select Programs gt ADPPView gt ADPPView from the start menu the main ADPP View window will be opened 2 Select the File gt Open option in the main window Ar ADPP C Program Files ADPP iew Model View Window Help New Transient New Risk 7 3 nen GTX Open Ctr 0 Close Look in Examples e E Save Ctr S Save As 1 example tm 2 example otr 3 D Projects example adp 4 D Projects example out Exit File name Jexample tm Files of type Transient input files trn m Cancel Figure 1 Opening an Example Input File 3 Open the Projects gt ADPPView gt Examples directory by using the look in feature of the Open Window see Figure 1 4 Select the file in this directory called example trn by double clicking the mouse on the file name in the Open Window The example transient will be opened in the main window see Figure 2 Version 1 0 3 Starting ADPP View User Manual ADPP View ADPP C Program Files ADPPYiew Examples example t n File Model Vi
11. variability fields are divided into subareas based on trends in soil properties To account for the small scale spatial variations and informational uncertainty in soil properties guidelines for drainage design using an average value as an estimate of soil parameters have been implemented 1 Click on the File pull down menu options will be displayed for opening and creating new files see Figure 11 ADPP View Help New Transient Ctri 0 Open 1 example otr 2 example tm 3D Projects example adp 4 D Projects example out Exit Figure 11 New Risk File Selection 2 Selectthe File New Risk option and the OK button For information on the ADPP Transient option see Section 3 0 Transient State Analysis Component 3 Anew uncertainty risk analysis input file editor window will be displayed as shown in Figure 4 Version 1 0 11 Drainage Design Under Uncertainty User Manual ADPP View s ADPP ADPPRisk1 Biel es Z File Model View Window Help laj m R Analysis evaluation Analysis of a range of designs for a certain risk Uncertainty analysis option Loss function analysis Field Data Cost Data Trenching Machines Analysis of a Range of Designs Loss Function Analysis Model Options Type of pipe lastic Drain radius r Depth to barrier d Standard deviation of d Hydraulic conductivity of soil Standard deviation of K Dat
12. a Entry Recharge rate Qd Standard deviation of Qd For Help press F1 7 Figure 12 New Main Window for Uncertainty Risk Analysis Input 4 2 Uncertainty Risk Analysis Model Options There are three selections for overall model options along the top of the input file data entry window as shown in Figure 12 4 2 1 Analysis Evaluation There are two options for the type of analysis you want to preform these options work like toggle switches only one can be selected at a time 1 Risk evaluation for a given design This approach allows you to determine the uncertainty and risk with a given drainage designed entered into the data tab sheets The Single Design Evaluation tab will be displayed in the input window when this option is selected 2 Analysis of a range of designs for a certain risk This approach will allow for parameters that are flexible within a certain prespecified risk The Analysis of a Range of Designs tab will be displayed in the input window when this option is selected 4 2 2 Uncertainty Analysis Option These options allow you to set a certain reliability for the model or to specify a range of benefits based on typical mathematical relationships 1 Loss Function Analysis This option will display the Loss Function Analysis tab for data entry 2 Risk Analysis This option will display the Risk Analysis tab for data entry Version 1 0 12 4 2 3 Uncertainty Analysis Component
13. aper presented at the 4th Congress of ICID Madrid Spain Version 1 0 33 Uncertainty Analysis Component Check List User Manual ADPP View Version 1 0 34 A Add Button For the Deep Percolation Schedule 8 ADPP 2 27 Agricultural Drainage Planning Program ADPP 1 Analysis Evaluation 12 Analysis of a Range of Designs Tab 16 Annual Benefit of the Crop 32 Average Pipe Cost 32 B Barrier 27 Bibliography 33 C Close Option 22 Convergence Loss 5 Cost Data Tab 14 Cost of Operation and Maintenance 32 Cost Per Acre 1 Critical Depth to Water 27 Critical Depth to Water Table 32 35 9 0 Index D Data Check Lists 31 Data Check List 4 5 data checklist 11 Data Entry Tabs for Uncertainty Risk Analysis 13 Date of Irrigation Events 31 Deep Percolation 4 27 Deep Percolation Schedule for the Transient Input File 8 Deep Percolation Values 31 Deep Percolation Schedule 1 6 Delete Button For the Deep Percolation Schedule 8 Depth to be Considered 32 Depth to Drain 31 Display of Recently Opened Files 23 Distance From Drain to Barrier 31 Donnan s Steady State Equation 1 11 27 Drain Radius 27 Drain Spacing 5 Drainage Design Under Uncertainty 11 Drainage Manual 1 28 Field 1 27 Field Data 4 Field Data for Transient Input File 7 Field Data Tab 13 File Open Option 22 File Menu 22 Full Vi
14. d percolation A second condition occurs with infrequent intensive irrigation on a soil with high capillarity such as clay The downward percolation takes relatively longer to reach the water table However since the time between irrigation events is long the groundwater becomes an important supply of water for the Version 1 0 17 Data Entry Tabs for Uncertainty Risk Analysis User Manual ADPP View plants at the end of the non irrigation periods As the dewatering zone becomes larger water is unable to reach the root zone and yields decline to those that can be supported by the downward percolation 3 The curve on the right shows the percent of root zone above water table x axis versus crop yield y axis This curve represents the condition of infrequent irrigation on a very porous soil where the irrigation water percolates very rapidly to the water table Groundwater is a main source of water supply for the plants As the dewatering zone becomes larger less and less water is available to sustain the plants These curves represent the crop yield based on the depth to the water table and will be used to calculate a loss in crop yields due to conditions in the root zone 4 3 6 Single Design Evaluation Tab Field Data Cost Data Trenching Machines Risk Analysis Single Design Evaluation Spacing to be considered E m Depth to be considered o m Critical depth to water table m Figure 18 Single Design Evaluation Uncerta
15. dard deviation of Permeability K in feet day or meters day The recharge rate O d in feet day or meters day Standard deviation of the recharge rate O d in feet day or meters day The interest rate to be used in percent Life of the system in years Cost of Operation and Maintenance per linear foot or meter Average pipe cost or the distribution of various pipe sizes and costs including the gravel envelope cost and the percentage of lateral for each size Type of trenching machines either constant or variable speed For a Single Design Evaluation the data needed are Spacing to be considered feet or meters Depth to be considered feet or meters and the Critical Depth to Water Table feet or meters For an Analysis of a range of designs for a certain risk the data needed are the maximum and minimum depth to be considered along with the increment of the depth the maximum minimum and increment of a spacing and a reliability crop type and annual benefit of the crop 32 Appendix C Bibliography 8 0 Appendix C Bibliography Bureau of Reclamation 1984 Drainage Manual A Water Resources Technical Publication US Department of the Interior Bureau of Reclamation United States Printing Office Denver CO Chapter 5 pp 143 243 Christopher Jack N and Winger Ray J Jr 1975 Economical Drain Depth for Irrigated Areas Paper presented at the American Society of Civil Engineers Meeting Logan Utah Christ
16. e expected for the operation and maintenance of the system per linear meter or foot This value should be entered per year Life of the system The life of the system should be estimated in years Average of pipe costs This is an entered value for the average pipe cost per linear meter or foot The cost for different pipe categories can be entered by using the distribution of various pipe sizes by using the next option Distribution of various pipe sizes This option can be used to enter different costs for different pipe sizes For each pipe size the gravel envelope and pipe costs can be entered separately The percentage should correspond to the amount of total pipe length represented by the different pipe sizes The following parameters can be entered e Pipe Diameter The listed pipe sizes are standard and are the only pipe sizes that can be used Pipe Cost This is the cost per linear foot for the diameter of the pipe specified Gravel envelope cost This cost can include a higher cost for excavation and gravel Oo of lateral This should be entered as the percent of the total pipe lengths represented by the pipe diameter size Version 1 0 14 Uncertainty Analysis Component 4 3 3 Trenching Machine Tab Field Data Trenching Machines Analysis of a Range of Designs Loss Function Analysis Rate of installation meters minute Cost per minute of installation C Variable Speed Max dep
17. ed Input Mode Design Analysis English x Enalish r Field Data 3 4 2 Unit Type You can enter your data in metric or English units see Figure 5 Figure 5 Selecting Unit Type and Input Mode e English acres feet and inches e Metric hectares meters and centimeters 3 5 Field Data for Transient Input File AII data fields will be zero unless data were previously entered or viewed There are the following data entry fields for the field data see Figure 6 r Field Data Permeability fo ft day Max W T Above Drain at Mid spacing po ft Drain to Barrier po ft Specific Yield po decim Drain Radius p oc ft Depth to the Drain p oc ft Existing Drain Spacing p ft AWHE for top 5 ft of Soil Figure 6 Field Data for the Transient Model 1 Permeability Also called hydraulic conductivity permeability is how far water can move in a given time period This quantity is typically calculated using Darcy s Law see the glossary for more information This quantity is expressed in feet or meters per day 2 Maximum Water Table Above the Drain at Mid Spacing Used in the design input mode 3 Drain to Barrier This is the distance from the drain to an impermeable barrier below and can be entered in meters or feet 4 Specific Yield This is the ratio of the volume of water yielded by gravity drainage from a saturated volume of porous media to the initial volume of saturated porous media and is
18. em with the mouse 8 Exit Exits ADPP View with an option to save 5 3 Model Pull Down Menu ADPP Transienti File View Window Help m Run Transient Model Bench amp Bottomland The Model pull down menu is not displayed until an input file is opened You can open an input file be selecting Open in the File pull down menu or you can create a new file by clicking on the icons Section 5 4 View Pull Down Menu Two options will be displayed for the transient model Figure 24 Model Pull Down Menu 1 Run Transient Model This option creates a new transient input file called Transient1 the name should be changed before it is saved 2 Bench amp Bottomlands This option adds an additional input field to specify the AWHC Available Water Holding Capacity AWHC is defined as the difference between the amount of soil water at field capacity and the amount at wilting point and it is basically the capacity of the soils to hold water that would be available for plants see Figure 25 This option is used to specify the first five feet of soil below the surface of the field being modeled Max W T Above Drain at Mid spacing 4 ft Drain to Barrier ft Specific Yield O8 decim Drain Radius Depth to the Drain e ft bs MSAN Additional Option for AWHC AWHC for top 5 ft of Soil 5 Figure 25 Additional Option for Specifying AWHC for Bench and Bottomlands Criteria Version 1 0 23 Model Pull Dow
19. ent State 5 Transient State Analysis 28 Transient State Analysis Component 1 4 5 Transient State Component Check List 31 Transient State Drain Spacing 5 Trenching Machine Tab 15 Trenching Machines 32 Type of Pipe 32 U Uncertainty 11 28 Uncertainty Analysis Component 1 Uncertainty Analysis Component Check List 32 Uncertainty Analysis Option 12 Uncertainty Risk Analysis Model Options 12 Unit Type 7 Units 13 V View gt Status Bar Option 24 View gt Toolbar Option 24 View Pull Down Menu 24 W Water Table 1 5 Water table 28 Window Arrange Icons Option 25 Window Cascade Option 25 Window Tile Option 25 Window Pull Down Menu 24 Y Yo 6 29 S Entries
20. ew 21 A Entries User Manual ADPP View G N Gravel Envelope 31 New File Button 24 Gravel Envelope Cost 32 O H Open File Button 24 Hardware Requirements 1 Help gt Help Topics Option 25 P Help Pull Down Menu 25 Hydraulic Conductivity 1 6 28 31 Percentage of Lateral 32 Percolation Events 31 Permeability 28 31 Plot Button For the Deep Percolation Iconified 21 Schedule 9 Input Mode for Transient Input File 6 Input Modes 6 Q Installation of ADPP View 1 Interest Rate 32 Introduction 1 Qd recharge rate 28 Irrigation Event 6 Irrigation Events 31 R Irrigation Deep Percolation Schedule 28 L Radius of the Drain 31 Range of Designs 32 Recharge Rate 32 Life of the System 32 Reliability 1 Loss Function Analysis 11 Risk Analysis Method 11 Loss Function Range Tab 17 Risk Analysis Tab 19 Root Zone 28 M Running the Transient State Component 5 Maximum Allowable Water Table 31 Model Pull Down Menu 23 Version 1 0 36 S Save As Option 22 Save As Window 23 Save File Button 24 Save Option 22 Single Design Evaluation 32 Software Requirements 1 Soil Properties 11 Spacing to be Considered 32 Specific Yield 1 6 31 Specific yield 28 Standard Deviation 28 Starting ADPP View 3 Steady State Analysis 28 Subwindow options 21 T Title for Transient Input File 6 Toolbar 24 Transi
21. ew Help New Transient New Risk Open Ctr O 1 example tm 2 example otr 3D Projects example adp 4 D Projects example out Exit Figure 3 New File Selection 2 Selectthe File New Transient option and the OK button For information on the ADPP Risk option see Section 4 0 Uncertainty Analysis Component 3 Anew transient input file editor window will be displayed as shown in Figure 4 Version 1 0 5 Transient State Drain Spacing User Manual ADPP View gt ADPP Transient2 LE Io Ei File Model View Window Help 1 D run Title r Input Mode ros El r Deep Percolation Schedule Q i i English Design Mini ET r Field Data mu Permeability o ft day to add Max W T Above Drain at Mid spacing Delete Drain to Barrier Plot Specific Yield __ Prt Drain Radius Depth to the Drain Existing Drain Spacing Comments For Help press F1 2 Figure 4 New Main Window for Transient Model Input 3 3 Title for Transient Input File A title for the input file can be entered here to document details relevant to the individual user This field can contain any text relevant to the input file and will be saved as part of the input to the model Additional comments can be entered in the Comments section of the window and will also be stored with the input file as shown in Figure
22. ew Window Help Title Input Mode Deep Percolation Schedule C Dein Anis 21 enh Deep Pesta 1 22 Add to add fi Delete Drain to Barrier Specific Yield 0 18 decim a Drain Radius m Field Data A Permeability Max W T Above Drain at Mid spacing 4 N N Depth to the Drain Existing Drain Spacing AWHC for top 5 ft of Soil Comments Example taken from the Drainage Manual section 5 7 p 154 was unable to determine the drain radius from the example data For Help press F1 NUM Figure 2 Main Window with Transient Input File Display The Transient State Analysis Component can be used to obtain a drain spacing based on field and deep percolation data A data check list for this component is in Appendix B This check list is a complete list of allthe data required for ADPP View to calculate a drain spacing The main window displays all the information needed to build a transient state input file for specific instructions on how to use this window see Section 3 0 Transient State Analysis Component 5 The input data can be edited plotted and saved as can be seen from Figure 2 6 Selectthe Model gt Bench amp Bottomlands option to enter a value for the Available Water Holding Capacity AWHC This information will be used to set the criteria for bench and bottomlands see Section 5 3 Model Pull Down Menu 7 When all the
23. f designs and not for a single design This option is used to enter the criteria for arisk analysis loss functions can be used by changing the model option see Section 4 2 2 Uncertainty Analysis Option to a multiple design and the Loss Function Range tab will be displayed see Section 4 3 5 Loss Function Range Tab The Risk Analysis tab has the following data fields 1 Critical depth to water table This field specifies the depth to the water table from the surface that should be maintained by drainage designs in meters or feet 2 Given reliability to find This field specifies the reliability that should be maintained as a percentage of the total i e enter 80 and not 0 8 for 80 reliable 3 Produce a table and graph of reliability vs cost e Minimum reliability This field specifies the minimum reliability that should be considered for a design to be included e Maximum reliability This field specifies the maximum reliability that should be considered for a design to be included e Increment This field specifies the resolution to include designs for example designs that were 70 80 and 90 could be included by setting the increment at 10 Version 1 0 19 Data Entry Tabs for Uncertainty Risk Analysis User Manual ADPP View Version 1 0 20 Pull Down Menus 5 0 Pull Down Menus 5 1 Subwindow options ADPP C Program Files ADPP iew E xamples example trn OX Eile Model View Wind
24. f terms and units for the data input to and output from the program Many of these are common terms in the ground water and drainage fields ADPP Acronym for Advanced Drainage Planning Program Barrier A layer which has a hydraulic conductivity of one fifth or less the weighted conductivity of the strata above it Critical Depth to Water The elevation below the ground surface that the user would like to keep the ground water below In many cases this elevation is the depth of the root zone Deep percolation Water which percolates below the root zone and cannot be used by plants Donnan s Steady State Equation The steady state drain spacing formula generally used in the irrigated areas of the United States Donnan s formula is gt _ 4K b a 1 where L drain spacing L K hydraulic conductivity L T a distance between drain depth and barrier L b distance between maximum allowable water table height between drains and the barrier L Qd recharge rate L T Donnan s formula is valid for any consistent set of units Drain radius The radius of the installed drain including drain pipe and gravel envelope Version 1 0 27 Help Pull Down Menu User Manual ADPP View Drainage Manual Technical publication of Bureau of Reclamation Denver Colorado which includes technical policy guidelines on drain investigations design construction and operation and maintenance Hydraulic conductivity T
25. ginning of each new drain out period Y is measured at midpoint between drains and is relative to the drain depth Version 1 0 29 Help Pull Down Menu User Manual ADPP View Version 1 0 30 Appendix B Data Check Lists 70 Appendix B Data Check Lists 7 1 Transient State Component Check List d d D Version 1 0 Hydraulic Conductivity or Permeability in feet day or meters day The maximum allowable water table above the drain at the mid point of the drain in feet or meters The distance from the drain to barrier in feet or meters Specific yield a decimal number The radius of the drain including pipe and gravel envelope in feet or meters Depth to the drain in feet or meters The number of irrigation and percolation events The date of irrigation events in months and days Deep Percolation values in inches or millimeters If the drain is on the barrier or if the drain is off the barrier 31 Transient State Component Check List User Manual ADPP View 7 2 Uncertainty Analysis Component Check List d LU ODOUOCDODLDUDOCL Version 1 0 Type of pipe either plastic concrete clay The radius of the drain including pipe and gravel envelope in feet or meters The depth to barrier from drain in feet d in feet or meters Standard deviation of the depth to barrier d in feet or meters Hydraulic Conductivity or Permeability K in feet day or meters day Stan
26. he constant of proportionality in Darcy s Law Q KiA that relates the product of the hydraulic gradient 1 and the cross sectional area through which flow takes place A to the ground water discharge Q K is a function of the porous media and the fluid flowing through it Formally called the coefficient of permeability or simply permeability Contemporary use of the term permeability is generally reserved for the intrinsic permeability a porous media property independent of the fluid Irrigation deep percolation schedule Time and amount of water applied to irrigated land for crop requirement and leaching requirement Permeability see Hydraulic Conductivity Qd recharge rate The steady state rate at which water is added to the ground water system See Donnan s equation Since Donnan s equation is a steady state solution the drain outflow equals the recharge rate and Qd is also called the drainage coefficient Root Zone The uppermost portion of the soil profile in which the moisture oxygen salt balance is favorable for plant growth Specific yield The ratio ofthe volume of water yielded by gravity drainage from a saturated volume of porous media to the initial volume of saturated porous media Standard deviation A measure of the dispersion or spread of numerical data for the mean or average Standard deviation is the root mean square of the deviations from the mean Steady state analysis An analysis based on the
27. his button can be used to delete deep percolation events using a window with the current events To delete an event select the event and the OK button in the Delete window see Figure 6 Version 1 0 8 Transient State Analysis Component Choose Items to Delete xi Cancel Figure 8 Deleting Deep Percolation Events 3 6 3 Plot Button For the Deep Percolation Schedule This option will display a graph that shows the deep percolation schedule this graph can be printed or imported into a word processing program see Figure 9 Deep Percolation Events _ OF x ulolt ele lil ls Deep Percolation Events Figure 9 Typical Plot of Deep Percolation Schedule Version 1 0 9 Deep Percolation Schedule for the Transient Input User Manual ADPP View 3 7 Transient Model Output Window ADPP C Program Files ADPP iew E xamples example otr Eile Model View Window Help Example taken from the Drainage Manual section 5 7 p 154 I was unable to determine the drain radius from the example data TRANSIENT STATE DRAIN SPACING Permeability ft day Specific yield percent Drain to barrier ft Max W T above drain at mid spacing ft Drain Radius ft Depth to the Drain ft Equivalent barrier ft Drain spacing ft Table of Deep Percolation Events Print via Vordpsal Write For Help press F1 Figure 10 Output Window for Transient Model The Output Window has the following options 1
28. iew Agricultural Drainage Planning Program ADPP V A E E y jo 1uBra amp im H 5 Q 3 ur i E D 5 E c 3 E 5 is S al 5 ul 4 3 3 eP i A x i A U 3 e E e 22 A 3 A 3 3 P d E y aseuns gt E yjdaq o T Hi 52 E 3 5 aw H 8 3l ane 2 H amp E 15 3 8 3 C 2 m A 9 28 2 E 2 3 te 2 20 8 SE 35 2 aS R545 55 H a H 2S mx E ala 5 85 E oic ass sissy E 2 20 fe te RS umb fep d Es 5 lt 1 BUREAU OF RECLAMATION You are free to use copy and distribute ADPP Both the program and this manual are in the public domain please distribute them together The United States Bureau of Reclamation makes no warranties expressed or implied including but not limited to performance functionality accuracy merchantability or fitness for any particular purpose In no event shall the United States Bureau of Reclamation or is employees be liable for any damages direct indirect or consequential arising from the use of this software Table of Contents Table of Contents Table of Contents
29. information required is entered select the Run icon or Model Run Transient Model 8 Anoutput file for the transient model run will be created and displayed in the main window For information on this window see Section 3 0 Transient State Analysis Component 9 The output file will have an extension and will be saved into the same directory as the input file Output can be viewed plotted printed or saved into a text file see Section 3 7 Transient Model Output Window Version 1 0 4 Transient State Analysis Component 3 0 Transient State Analysis Component 3 1 Transient State Drain Spacing The Transient State Analysis Component uses the transient state equation for drain spacing as developed by Lee Dumm Ray Winger Jr and Robert Glover of the U S Bureau of Reclamation The Hooghoudt s Correction for Convergence is used to account for convergence loss The program will calculate a drain spacing and provide a number of tables summarizing the results of the calculation One of these tables shows projected water table fluctuation using a drain spacing computed by the program or entered by the user A data check list for this component is in Appendix B This check list is acomplete list of all the data required for ADPP View to calculate a drain spacing 3 2 Running the Transient State Component 1 Click on the File pull down menu options will be displayed for opening and creating new files see Figure 3 Vi
30. inty Risk Tab This option is used to enter the criteria for a single design multiple designs can be used by changing the model option see Section 4 2 1 Analysis Evaluation to a multiple design and the Analysis of a Range of Designs tab will be displayed see Section 4 3 4 Analysis of a Range of Designs Tab The Single Design tab has the following data fields 1 Spacing to be considered This field specifies the spacing between drains in meters or feet 2 Depth to be considered This field specifies the depth to the drains in meters feet 3 Critical depth to water table This field specifies the depth to the water table that should be maintained by the design A single drainage design will be created based on these three criteria There is a limit to options for the risk analysis when this option is selected since multiple designs cannot be created the loss function should be used for the analysis see Section 4 3 5 Loss Function Range Tab Version 1 0 18 Uncertainty Analysis Component 4 3 7 Risk Analysis Tab Field Data Cost Data Trenching Machines Risk Analysis Analysis of a Range of Designs Critical depth to water table E m Find a given reliability Reliability D x C Produce a table and graph of reliabilty vs cost Minimum reliability La Maximum reliability Increment Figure 19 Risk Analysis Uncertainty Risk Tab The Risk Analysis tab should be used for analysis of a range o
31. n Menu User Manual ADPP View If an uncertainty file is open then the menu will show an option for running the uncertainty model 3 Run Uncertainty Model This option runs an uncertainty model using the current input file 5 4 View Pull Down Menu ADPP Transientl File Model window Help m R Toolbar v Status The View pull down menu has two options that are toggle switches to change the ADPP View display Figure 26 View Pull Down Menu 1 View gt Toolbar This displays the tool bar with the following options New Risk Open File D R Run Save File u Model New Transient New Transient Input File Opens new input file for the transient model Figure 27 ADPP View Toolbar e New Risk Input File Opens a new input file for the Risk Analysis model e Open File Opens existing input file e Save File Saves current version of input file e Run Model Runs the current ADPP Model input file i e Risk or Transient 2 View Status Bar The status bar contains information about the workings of the program and can be displayed or not depending on the setting of the option It is located in the lower left corner of the main window 5 5 Window Pull Down Menu m R I z Window Cascade Tile Arrange Icons v 1 Transient Figure 28 The Window Pull Down Menu Options for the Window pull down menu 1 Window gt New Window This option opens a new
32. n meters or feet Hydraulic conductivity of soil K This should be entered as the best estimate of the average hydraulic conductivity in the soil in m day Standard deviation of K This option can be used to characterized the distribution of hydraulic conductivity in the soil Recharge rate Qd This field specifies how long it takes to recharge the soil after it has been drained This value may be different then the rate at which the water drains specified by the hydraulic conductivity and can be entered as meters per day Standard deviation of Qd As with the other parameters the standard deviation of the recharge rate can be specified Version 1 0 13 Data Entry Tabs for Uncertainty Risk Analysis User Manual ADPP View 4 3 2 Cost Data Tab FieldData Cost Data Trenching Machines Analysis of a Range of Designs Loss Function Analysis Interest rate to be used p Life of the system fo years Cost of O amp M per linear meter Average of pipe costs per linear meter C Distribution of various pipe sizes Gravel envelope cost of lateral 4 0 0 Figure 14 Cost Data Uncertainty Risk Tab The Cost Data tab is used to calculate the cost of the drainage system it has the following data fields 1 Interest rate to be used Enter this value as a whole number i e 8 and not 0 08 this is the interest rate for the loan to build the drainage system Cost of O and M This is the cost that can b
33. nsidered This field can be used to specify the scale of designs that will be considered 16 4 3 5 Uncertainty Analysis Component Loss Function Range Tab Field Data Cost Data Trenching Machines Analysis of a Range of Designs Loss Function Analysis Crop name Depth to Water Table for Maximum Yield meters Annual Benefits per hectare YsA B C3 3472 3X ap Figure 17 Loss Function Range Uncertainty Risk Tab The loss function analysis calculates benefits derived from irrigation against losses that occur with inadequate drainage The loss function is one way to determine the parameters for a risk assessment the other option is to use the reliability of the system and the depth to the water table to calculate a cost This option is described in Section 4 3 7 Risk Analysis Tab the choice of analysis functions is set as one of the modeling options Section 4 2 2 Uncertainty Analysis Option All curves rise to the optimal dewatering zone in a parabolic curve with the percent of root zone above water table x axis versus crop yield y axis Once a type of loss function has been chosen the program prompts for depth to water table for maximum yield For Bureau of Reclamation projects the depth to water table is 4 feet On very few occasions and only with very good data related reasons does Bureau of Reclamation allow the water table to be less than 4 feet below ground surface in design of subsu
34. o be considered E m Maximum depth to be considered m r Spacing Information Increment in depth to be considered Minimum spacing to be considered Maximum spacing to be considered m Increment in spacing to be considered 0 0 0 0 Figure 16 Analysis of Design Range Uncertainty Risk Tab If the analysis of a range of designs is selected as one of the model options see Section 4 2 2 Uncertainty Analysis Option There are two sections of fields that can be entered for the Analysis of Design Range Tab 1 Depth Information The following parameters can be used to limit the designs to be considered Minimum depth to be considered Only designs with a depth greater than that entered in this field will be displayed in the output Maximum depth to be considered Only designs with a depth less than that entered in this field will be displayed in the output Increment in depth to be considered This field can be used to specify the scale of designs that will be considered 2 Spacing Information The following parameters can be used to limit the designs to be considered Version 1 0 Minimum spacing to be considered Only designs with a spacing greater than that entered in this field will be displayed in the output Maximum space to be considered Only designs with a spacing less than that entered in this field will be displayed in the output Increment in space to be co
35. on 2 0 Quick Start for ADPP View The Open Window can be used to open transient or risk analysis input and output files Options for the types of files that can be opened can be changed in the Open Type field see Figure 22 File name Files of type Transient Input Files tm hd Transient Input Files tm Risk Analysis Input Files rsk Transient Output Files otr Risk Analysis Output Files unc All Files gt Figure 22 Open Files of Type Option There are four types of files that can be opened in ADPP View e Transient Input files trn Input files for the transient model e Risk Analysis Input Files rsk Input files for the risk analysis model e Transient Output Files otr Output files for the transient model e Risk Analysis Output Files unc Output files for the risk analysis model 4 Close Closes the current file with an option to save 5 Save Saves the current version of the input file with the same name 6 Save As This option allows you to change the name and location of the file when you save it Version 1 0 22 Pull Down Menus Save L2 x Save in a Examples e Eg 3 example tm File name example trri Save as type Transient input files tm Cancel Figure 23 Save As Window 7 Display of Recently Opened Files The files in the list on the bottom of the File pull down window can be opened by clicking on th
36. opher Jack N and Winger Ray J Jr 1980 Relationship Between Irrigation Practices and Drainage Coefficients Paper presented at the American Society of Agricultural Engineers Winter Meeting Chicago Illinois Dumm Lee D 1962 Drain Spacing Method Used by the Bureau of Reclamation Paper presented atthe ARS SCS Drainage Workshop Riverside California Dumm Lee D 1967 Transient Flow Theory and its Use in Subsurface Drainage of Irrigated Land Paper presented at the American Society of Agricultural Engineers Water Resource Conference New York New York Dumm Lee D 1960 Validity and Use of the Transient Flow Concept in Subsurface Drainage Paper presented at the American Society of Agricultural Engineers Winter Meeting Memphis Tennessee Dumm Lee D and Winger Ray J Jr 1963 Designing a Subsurface Drainage System in an Irrigated Area Through Use of the Transient Flow Concept Paper presented atthe American Society of Agricultural Engineers Meeting Miami Beach Florida Strzepek Kenneth M Garcia Luis A and Christopher Jack N A Computer Aided Design Approach to Training Designers of Tile Drainage to Consider Uncertainty in Soil Properties Paper presented at the 13th Congress of USCID Reno Nevada U S Bureau of Reclamation Drainage Manual Revised Edition 1993 Denver Colorado Winger Ray J Jr 1960 In Place Permeability Tests and Their Use in Subsurface Drains P
37. ow Help Bestore Mave Sie Minimize Close Ctri F4 Next Figure 20 Subwindow Options For each subwindow in the main window there are options for managing the window features that can be accessed by the icon or by using the options in the upper right of each window Note Input file windows can be iconified displayed in full view or closed using the buttons on the upper right of each window The horizontal line iconifies a window the square or double 66 square displays the window in full or partial view respectively and the x symbol closes the window x Version 1 0 21 Subwindow options User Manual ADPP View 5 2 File Menu Model View Window Help New Transient New Risk Open Ctr 0 Close Save Ctrl S Save As 1 example tm 2 example otr 3 D Projects example adp 4 D Projects example out Exit Figure 21 File Pull Down Menu for the Main Input File Window 1 File gt New Transient The new option displays a blank transient model input file editor window in which all the data must be entered by hand or pasted from a spreadsheet program 2 File New Risk The new option displays a blank risk analysis input file editor window in which all the data must be entered by hand or pasted from a spreadsheet program 3 File Open When the software is installed it will create example files in the directory where the program is installed See Secti
38. rface drains 1 The left curve shows the percent of root zone above water table x axis versus crop yield y axis After the optimum is reached the yield remains at the optimum as the dewatering zone increases This represents the condition when the supply of irrigation water to the crops is provided at frequent intervals with more aeration for the roots After the optimal depth is achieved the deeper depth increases aeration With frequent irrigation the water for the plants comes from downward percolation and the water table does not contribute to crop water use If the left curve has been chosen the coefficients of the loss function should be entered The default value for A is 500 and for B is 1 514 Pressing the enter key accepts these default values The user may of course use different values for A andB The middle curve shows the percent of root zone above water table x axis versus crop yield y axis Once the optimum is reached the yield declines to an asymptotic value This case represents two possible conditions The first is where there are frequent irrigations applied to a very porous soil The water percolates very rapidly to the ground water table and the time of downward percolation is not sufficient to meet the plant s need so upward capillary movement is important As the dewatering zone increases the water available from upward capillary movement decreases and yields decline to that which is supported by the downwar
39. th of installation meters Min rate of installation meters minute Cost per minute of installation Slope of depth vs installation m Figure 15 Trenching Machines Uncertainty Risk Tab Two options are available for the trenching machine 1 Constant Speed For the constant speed trenching machine the speed and cost can be entered e Rate of installation This field specifies the rate of the trenching machine in meters minute e Cost per minute of installation This field specifies the cost per minute of operation and maintenance of the trenching machine 2 Variable Speed Variable speed trenching machines have different speeds and or costs depending on the depth of the installation the following fields can be entered e Maximum depth of installation This field specifies the maximum depth the machine be used in meters or feet Minimum rate of installation This field specifies the intercept for the linear equation to be used to determine the cost of the trenching machine based on depth e Slope of depth vs installation This field specifies the slope of the linear equation for determining the cost of the trenching machine Version 1 0 15 Data Entry Tabs for Uncertainty Risk Analysis User Manual ADPP View 4 3 4 Analysis of a Range of Designs Tab Field Data Cost Data Trenching Machines Analysis of a Range of Designs Loss Function Analysis r Depth Information Minimum depth t
40. window displaying the same file Version 1 0 24 Pull Down Menus Note This new window cannot be seen ifthe current window is maximized to view the new window select the iconify option See Section 5 1 Subwindow options 2 Window gt Cascade If there are multiple file windows open this option will cascade the windows in the main window 3 Window gt Tile If there are multiple file windows open this option will tile the windows in the main window 4 Window gt Arrange Icons If there are multiple file windows iconified this option will arrange the icons in the main window 5 Subwindow Selection The subwindows that are currently open are displayed along the bottom of the menu and can be selected with the mouse 5 6 Help Pull Down Menu ADPP Transient1 File Model View Window EE m R Run Help Topics About adppView The Help pull down menu option are Figure 29 The Help Pull Down Menu 1 Help gt Help Topics Displays the on line version of the help documentation This on line help file parallels this document There is an index and search features available with the on line help files 2 Help About ADPP View Displays the current version number of ADPP View Version 1 0 25 Help Pull Down Menu User Manual ADPP View Version 1 0 26 Appendix A Glossary of Terms 6 0 Appendix A Glossary of Terms This section is intended to provide the user with definitions o
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