DECLARATION I, Jeremy Burton, have personal
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1. possible thereby reducing the memory footprint of the classes within ROM It should be noted however that a consequence of pre loading as it currently stands is that each class that is pre loaded is effectively built in to the VM and as such it cannot be overridden by another version of the class although such a class may be potentially visible to the VM at run time This has advantages each such class is tamper proof and disadvantages it is not possible to override the pre loaded class with a newer version 2 4 AWT The Abstract Windowing Toolkit AWT is one of the core class libraries in the JDK 1 1 Porting the Java runtime environment to EPOC required Symbian to implement the AWT peer classes in terms of the native GUI widgets As a result programs written to the AWT API will run on EPOC with the same look and feel as native EPOC applications written in C The EPOC Runtime for Java is compatible with Swing but due to the memory and CPU resources required by Swing developers may prefer to use AWT ePOCG EPOC s Java Implementation 3 Using Java on EPOC 3 1 Why use Java on EPOC Java adds a fourth development option to EPOC As shown in Figure 3 EPOC also supports development of applications in C its native language and OPL a BASIC like interpreted language Additionally EPOC supports development of PC based connectivity and data synchronization applications using the Connectivity SDK Unclassified Page 4 C2. 05 Introduction Java M technology is a programming language developed by Sun Microsystems Inc Programs written using Java technology may be run on a variety of computing platforms which have a Java Virtual Machine JVM This software includes the following components e A Java Virtual Machine JVM for EPOC e Class Libraries and other files to allow you to run Java applets and applications Memory requirements Approximate memory requirements e This software requires a minimum of 5700K of free memory when installed on the C drive e If you install this software on the D drive i e a memory disk you will need 2900K of free memory on the D drive and 2800K on the C drive e Running Java applets and applications programs will require additional memory according to the size and memory requirements of the program Running Java programs You can run applets and applications written for the Java platform e A Java applet is a program which is normally embedded in a Web page and it not designed for a particular platform Applets can be viewed using the Web application e A Java application is a program that will normally be packaged specifically for your Series 5mx Important You cannot run JavaScript programs using the Java Virtual Machine for EPOC For example you will not be able to view Web pages which implement JavaScript If you wish to run Java applications that have not been specia
3. DECLARATION I Jeremy Burton have personal knowledge of the matters stated or referenced herein and if called to testify about them I could and would be able to do so 1 I am currently the Chief Technology Officer of Wonolo a startup company which provides an online platform for staffing and recruiting From 1993 until 1999 I worked for Psion Plc and Psion Software Plc collectively Psion and Symbian Ltd Symbian In particular from May 1997 until May 1998 I was a Business Development Manager at Psion and from May 1998 until June1999 I was a Technology Manager at Symbian Attached as Exhibit A is a true and correct copy of the Java User Manual for Psion Series 5mx titled Psion Series 5mx Java User Guide Psion Java User Guide Based on my experience in the development of Symbian my involvement with the Psion and my personal knowledge the Psion Java User Guide attached as Exhibit A was publicly available as of May 1999 Attached as Exhibit B is a true and correct copy of the EPOC technical paper titled EPOC s JAVA Implementation EPOC Technical Paper Based on my experience in the development of Symbian my involvement with the Psion and my personal knowledge the EPOC Technical Paper attached as Exhibit B was publicly available as of March 1999 I have personal knowledge that the Psion Series 5mx was sold in the United States at least as of 1999 and that customer
4. Java symbian Im l t t 7 Copyright 1999 Symbian Ltd All rights p emen a 10 n reserved Reproduction of this paper in any form in whole or in part without written permission of Symbian Ltd is prohibited Revision 1 0 009 10th March 1999 Unclassified Summary In EPOC Release 5 Symbian adds Java capabilities to the EPOC platform by providing an EPOC Runtime for Java and an EPOC SDK for Java This paper is intended for Java developers interested in writing Java applets or applications that will be deployed on devices running EPOC it describes in detail what Symbian has implemented and what features this offers developers Contents 1 About Java 1 2 3 Java and ROM based devices 4 1 1 Introduction 1 2 4 AWT 4 1 2 Basic concepts 1 3 Using Java on EPOC 4 1 3 Runtime environment architecture 2 3 1 Why use Java on EPOC 4 1 4 Java platforms 3 3 2 Java applications on EPOC 5 2 Java on EPOC 3 3 3 Using the EPOC SDK for Java 6 2 1 Introduction 3 3 4 Application deployment 6 2 2 Architecture 4 1 About Java 1 1 Introduction This section provides enough information to understand the description of the Java implementation on EPOC For more information about Java follow the references in http java sun com indicated at the end of this paper 1 2 Basic concepts The term Java applies to two related but distinct concepts it describes a programming language and a runtime environment in which programs written in the Java langua
5. ce JNI Application code that uses native methods directly becomes platform specific and therefore loses one of the main advantages available to Java developers Java code that uses class libraries that are implemented using native methods remains platform independent A Java runtime environment will typically comprise several layers of code e Application or applet code compiled from Java source files This will normally be platform independent code as it has been written in terms of the functionality provided by the standard Java class libraries As explained above however the application code can use native methods to access operating system services e Class libraries These may be implemented in Java purely in terms of the services provided by the JVM but many libraries need to use the services of the host operating system such as file i o This must be done using native methods which means the runtime environment must include native libraries that are platform dependent e Virtual machine layers The virtual machine is defined such that part of it is written in Java and is platform independent This layer runs on top of a platform dependent layer that implements an API called the Host Porting Interface HPI The virtual machine includes an interpreter that can be implemented in C or assembler Using C means that the interpreter needs to be recompiled for each new platform but not rewritten as an assembler interpreter would be Howe
6. e a mouse and on some EPOC implementations not even a touch screen or pointing device of any kind 4 Memory will be limited as will the computing power of the CPU Unclassified Page 5 Copyright O 1999 Symbian Ltd Page 00013 symbian 5 The AWT implementation is not identical to desktop environments buttons check boxes scroll bars etc may be of slightly different sizes and have slightly different behaviour as allowed by the AWT specification What will be required is that applications provided as class zip or jar files be packaged using the EPOC sis file format so that they can be installed on the EPOC device This is discussed in more detail in 3 4 3 3 Using the EPOC SDK for Java Java developers will need to continue using their preferred Java development environment whether this be Sun Microsystems Inc s JDK 1 1 or a commercial Java IDE To facilitate development of Java applications to run on EPOC Symbian provides the EPOC SDK for Java This SDK comprises e An EPOC emulator that runs on Windows NT or 9x A Java Runtime Environment that runs on the EPOC emulator Documentation including background information on EPOC for Java developers Examples and demo applets and applications Tools for native development e Tools that support deployment of Java applications on EPOC Typically the following steps are required to get a Java application running on EPOC 1 Write the application using the Java development environment of y
7. e to sell this software even more widely they are particularly good clients for enterprise software with which Java is already successful Java will allow in a natural way for the downloading of dynamically changing information and program content to EPOC devices Java provides an open standards based development environment for EPOC developers Symbian is committed to the Java platform as defined by Sun Microsystems Inc Java is a first class object oriented programming language The Java platform is widely understood and there are many skilled Java developers and programmers around the world Java is thus a very productive environment for developers and provides a rapid time to market approach The movement towards Java being incorporated into standards such as MExE which will be important in the WID arena means that Java already has an important position in plans for future development work 3 2 Java applications on EPOC Because the EPOC Runtime for Java is a Java Compatible implementation of the JDK 1 1 application environment there is no requirement for the developer to use custom APIs or native code Applications written for the JDK 1 1 environment on another platform will work on EPOC provided the device characteristics have been taken into account The most important of these are 1 The screen size will be significantly smaller than that in a desktop Java environment 2 The screen may not support colours 3 There will probably not b
8. ge can be executed These are illustrated in Figure 1 The Java language from Sun Microsystems Inc is an object oriented language with a syntax similar to C It adds features such as garbage collection and removes others such as pointers These make Java an easier language in which to program in the sense that they remove the causes of significant numbers of bugs that are encountered when using C They also make it possible to check that programs written in Java are safe to run Java is an interpreted language Unlike C it is not normally compiled to object or machine code that contains instructions that can only be executed by a specific CPU or run on a specific operating system Instead Java source files are compiled to byte code a compact representation of the source that can be interpreted on any computer that has a Java Virtual Machine Java programs can be stand alone applications or applets which run in the context of a web browser or other program types such as servlets which run in the context of a web server Byte code is usually distributed in individual class files or collectively in zip or jar files Unclassified Page 1 Copyright 1999 Symbian Ltd Page 00009 symbian The Java Virtual Machine JVM forms part of a Java runtime environment which provides a self contained execution environment for Java byte code that is independent of the operating system of the computer that it runs on The runtime environment compr
9. he following are especially useful e the Java homepage at http java sun com e the Java documentation pages at http java sun com docs e the Java tutorial at http java sun com docs books tutorial Symbian licenses develops and supports the EPOC operating system providing leading software user interfaces application frameworks and development tools for Wireless Information Devices such as Communicators and Smartphones Symbian is based in London with offices worldwide See http www symbian com for more technical papers information about Symbian and information about EPOC Trademarks and acknowledgements Symbian and the Symbian logo EPOC and the EPOC logo are the trademarks of Symbian Ltd Java and Java Compatible are trademarks of Sun Microsystems Inc Psion and Series 5 are trademarks of Psion PLC Microsoft Visual C and Microsoft Windows are trademarks of Microsoft Corporation All other trademarks are acknowledged Unclassified Page 6 Copyright 1999 Symbian Ltd Page 00014
10. ications on EPOC To write native code the EPOC C SDK is required The EPOC Runtime for Java is integrated with the EPOC Web application Applets in local and remote HTML files can be viewed in the browser Unclassified Page 3 Copyright 1999 Symbian Ltd Page 00011 symbian Application deployment may involve using EPOC specific tools EPOC does not provide a command line to end users so the platform specific batch files typically used to deploy applications will need to be modified or replaced This is explained further below Symbian does not provide e aJava Development Kit JDK for EPOC Java developers should continue to use their preferred Java development environment e aJDBC driver for EPOC s native DBMS database format However the JDBC framework is supported and can be used with pure Java database drivers 2 2 Architecture The EPOC Runtime for Java is based on JDK 1 1 4 sources from Sun Microsystems Inc though Symbian has incorporated bug fixes and other code changes such as inclusion of the Euro symbol from later JDK 1 1 releases The architecture is described in 1 3 Porting the Java runtime to EPOC required Symbian to 1 Implement the platform dependent layer of the VM in C using native EPOC APIs 2 Implement the class libraries that comprise JDK 1 1 4 A major component of this task was providing a port of the AWT classes to EPOC 3 Extend tools provided by Sun Microsystems Inc that allow the Java class librar
11. ies to be placed in ROM 4 Provide an optimised interpreter loop for the VM using assembler 2 3 Java and ROM based devices Symbian has developed the EPOC operating system for use in Wireless Information Devices WIDs These devices are typically ROM based while they will have RAM or the equivalent the operating system and primary software applications are provided in ROM This is a significant issue for a Java Runtime When Java bytecodes are read by the class loader they undergo processes of resolution and quickening that require the original bytecodes in the class or jar file to be modified This requires the bytecodes to be loaded from ROM into RAM To enable the use of Java classes directly from ROM it is possible to specify that such classes be pre loaded as part of the process of making the EPOC ROM image for a particular device For each class specified the pre loader attempts to perform as many of the actions as possible that would be performed on the class were it to be loaded into the VM at run time and generates the run time structures representing the class for use by the VM ahead of time This results in the classes being available for use by the VM at runtime with little or none of the overhead which would result from loading each class individually at run time and enables them to be used directly from ROM When pre loading a number of classes the pre loader will also attempt to share as many of the generated structures as
12. ises e class loaders that load the byte codes from class jar or zip files e the JVM interpreter that processes the byte codes to execute them e class libraries that contain implementations of APIs that the Java source code can use For example the AWT class library provides the Abstract Windowing Toolkit application framework including event handling windowing and graphics support The specification of the JVM is published by Sun Microsystems Inc as are the specifications of the standard Java APIs byte codes a en clase loader Voca class libraries class jar zip A RE Or OEREN class jar zip Java Virtual Machine source code java ePpoc EPOC s Java Implementation Host OS Hardware Java Java Runtime Development Environment Kit Figure 1 Java Development and Runtime Environments 1 3 Runtime environment architecture This section describes how a Java runtime environment is implemented Broadly speaking the runtime environment will be developed using a combination of platform independent Java code and platform dependent code written in C C or assembler The Java language and JVM specifications define a way of declaring a native method These methods belong to Java classes but are implemented in C or C and hence are platform dependent It is necessary to use native methods to access the services of the host operating system The interface to the native method is defined by the Java Native Interfa
13. lly designed for your Series 5mx see the Advanced Information section later for help Running Java applets When you open a Web page which includes a Java applet the Web program will run the applet Some Web sites allow you to download Java applets onto your Series 5mx so that you can run them when you aren t connected to the Internet To run a downloaded applet 1 Move to the System screen and select the applet file 2 Tap on the applet to open it in the built in applet viewer or the Web program if you have installed it on your Series 5mx Note You can install Web from the PsiWin CD ROM See our Web site at www seriesSmx com for demonstration Java applets Running Java applications We recommend that you only run Java applications that have been designed to run on your Series 5mx Many Java applications have been designed to run on desktop PCs and may require resources that are not available on your Series 5mx You can install Java applications that have been written for your Series 5mx and run them in the same way as other third party programs e g by tapping on the application s icon on the Extras bar Java User Guide 3 Page 00006 If you have problems running Java programs Java applets and applications that have not been specifically developed for your Series 5mx may not run correctly This may be due to a number of reasons such as e Size the application is designed for a PC desktop and is too large to fit on y
14. opyright 1999 Symbian Ltd Page 00012 symbian ePOCG EPOC s Java Implementation OPL editor Connectivity EPOC translator SDK VB or C IDE Connect EPOC OPL OPL SDK OPO files package install kuntime SDK for Java any JDE EPOC Java runtime class files package install C SDK er build for target d x86 binaries as oa Visual C IDE package instan target binaries EPOC emulator Win32 PC Figure 3 EPOC software development options Java adds a popular and capable standard option for development of applications on EPOC devices and for cooperation between these applications and applications based on other server systems Java provides a pervasive platform for users and developers Java programs and applications can run on a wide range of desktop and laptop computers Developers working in Java can target many different devices with one program and as the range of EPOC devices grows they will be able to target the whole range with their programs Developers can use standard desktop IDEs to prototype and develop Java programs for all platforms including EPOC WIDs WIDs especially are ideal targets for further extending access to Java applications so that users can carry the same applications away from their desktop and even their laptop or notebook computer WIDs allow developers of value added softwar
15. our Series 5mx s screen e Security the application may require a level of security not available on your Series 5mx e Resources the application may require resources e g memory that are not available on your Series 5mx e Speed applets and applications that have been designed for desktop PCs may run considerably slower on your Series 5mx due to the slower processing speed If an applet does not run it will either be stopped automatically or will simply not work Moving to a different Web page will automatically stop the affected applet Important You cannot run JavaScript programs using the Java Virtual Machine for EPOC If you are experiencing problems using Java programs contact the program s supplier for assistance Viewing a Java program Some Java programs are designed to be used on platforms with a larger screen size than the Series 5mx If an area of the program is not displayed on the Series 5mx s screen you can move the program so that it becomes visible To do this 1 Press Ctrl Spacebar A flashing Move Mode box will appear to the bottom right of the screen 2 Use the arrow keys to move the window around the screen Hold down the Shift key whilst using the arrow keys to move the window more quickly 3 Press Esc to exit Move Mode Advanced information This information is intended for readers who are familiar with Java programs e The Series 5mx Java implementation is a Java 1 1 run time environment ba
16. our choice 2 Debug the application using JDB or your JDE s debugging facilities 3 Transfer the html class zip or jar file s to the Windows directories used by the EPOC epoc EPOC s Java Implementation emulator 4 Use a Windows command shell to run your application or applet on the EPOC emulator s JVM 5 Debug 6 Package your application for deployment on an EPOC device 3 4 Application deployment Deployment deals with issues you must address to get an application running on a particular OS For example to have your Java application installed on Windows you must worry about batch files Start Menus and so on Even though you have written a 100 Pure Java application at this stage you have to deal with the OS EPOC is no different Each EPOC device has a mechanism that allows the end user to launch applications On a Psion Series 5 for example users launch third party applications from the Extras bar Users do not have access to a command line on EPOC devices The EPOC SDK for Java provides tools that allow you to package your application into a sis file EPOC s native installation package format for installation on an EPOC device in the same manner as C or OPL applications The process does not require any native C programming If you are deploying an applet just use the web browser For more information Sun Microsystems Inc s website contains much useful introductory and reference information about Java T
17. s who purchased a factory sealed Psion Series 5mx would have received a copy of the Psion Java User Guide The Samsung HTC Exhibit 1038 Samsung HTC v Affinity IPR2014 00209 Page 00001 EPOC Technical Paper was also available to developers through the Symbian website 6 The Psion Java User Guide and the EPOC Technical Paper were made at or near the time of development of the Psion Series 5mx by a person with knowledge of the matters stated they were kept in the course of the regularly conducted activities of Psion I declare under penalty of perjury that the foregoing is true and correct Executed on November 13 2014 in San Francisco CA By Jeremy Burton de Page 00002 EXHIBIT A Page 00003 Sion SER IES Java User Guide Version 1 00 Page 00004 Sun Sun Microsystems Java and Java based marks are trademarks or registered trademarks of Sun Microsystems Inc in the United States and other countries Psion Computers Plc is independent of Sun Microsystems Inc Copyright Psion Computers Plc 1999 Reproduction in whole or in part including utilisation in machines capable of reproduction or retrieval without the express written permission of the copyright holders is prohibited Reverse engineering is also prohibited The information in this document is subject to change without notice Some names referred to are registered trademarks Copyright Symbian Ltd 1999 Java User Guide 2 Page 000
18. sed on the Sun 1 1 4 Java Development Kit and is compatible with applications that support Java 1 1 e Java applications that are not packaged for the Psion may be run provided they are compliant with Java 1 1 and that they operate within the memory and processor resources available on the computer e You may run a class file by tapping its icon twice from the system screen The class file must contain the main class for the application e Torun applications that are packaged in jar or zip files you need to install the application into the correct place on the Series 5mx and then create an EPOC program to run the Java application The tools to do this are contained within the Symbian EPOC Java Software Development Kit which may be found in the EPOCWorld area of the www symbian com Web site Where to find out more To learn more about Java technology the Java Virtual Machine and running Java applications on your Series 5mx more information can be found at the following Web sites www java sun com For general information on Java technology www series5mx com For links to a Java specific area on our Web site including demonstration Java applets for your Series 5mx www symbian com For information on the Java platform implementation on the Series 5mx toolkits Software Development Kits SDKs and support for Series 5mx developers Java User Guide 4 Page 00007 EXHIBIT B Page 00008 EPOC Technical Paper EPOC s
19. ver it is often possible to improve the performance of the interpreter significantly by writing some of it in assembler Unclassified Page 2 Copyright 1999 Symbian Ltd Page 00010 symbian epoc EPOC s Java Implementation platform platform independent code dependent code SS E a en A z native m a MT aAa P native libraries cisses metode ah C C a YE Clear machine assembler assembler la ee Zr a Host OS hardware Figure 2 Java Runtime Environment Architecture 1 4 Java platforms Java is available in several different forms described below In what follows it helps to keep in mind that a Java Application Environment JAE comprises a Java VM APIs and support files whereas a Java Development Kit JDK comprises an application environment plus development tools For some of the products listed below Sun Microsystems Inc provide a JDK and JAE but others are only available as a JAE Information about all of these products is available at http java sun com products index html Enterprise Java is available in several versions 1 0 2 1 1 and 1 2 or Java 2 Sun Microsystems Inc provide a JAE and JDK for each of these Because of this these versions of Java are often referred to as for example JDK 1 1 even though what is being described may actually be an application environment The different versions of JDK 1 1 running up to JDK 1 1 8 at the time of writing are compatible
20. with one another JDK 1 1 and JDK 1 2 are not Personal Java is an application environment It is distinguished from JDK 1 1 in that it includes only a subset of the JDK 1 1 APIs The subset includes AWT and other classes that allow applets and applications to be supported The Personal Java VM adheres to the same specification as the Enterprise Java VM s although its implementation is tuned for resource constrained devices Embedded Java is an application environment that is intended for devices having dedicated functionality and limitations on resources such as memory The embedded Java APIs do not include AWT so this application environment does not support applets The intention is that the program to be run be provided as a ROM image 2 Java on EPOC 2 1 Introduction Symbian provides the following Java tools in EPOC Release 5 1 the EPOC Runtime for Java is a Java Compatible runtime environment based on Sun Microsystems Inc s JDK 1 1 4 that enables Java applets and applications to run on a Java enabled EPOC device The runtime supports 100 Pure Java applications and native methods 2 the EPOC SDK for Java provides documentation and examples that explain how to develop and deploy Java applications on EPOC It also provides tools that support native method development using JNI The EPOC Runtime for Java supports 100 Pure Java applications It is not necessary to write any native code or to use any EPOC specific APIs to run Java appl
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