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GTSTRUDL Version 31

1. ssseeeeee ee 3 4 3 4 Model Wizard eseo cua A aa SRL E a aot 3 4 o Nonlinear Analysis cenas bd tU pad PELLE UE peed B Sr ea EE 3 5 3 6 3 7 3 8 OSHOLE es Ay aa d e atmos SA Rane a dme 3 5 Reinforced Concrete 3 6 Utility Program Scope Editor 3 sia ie aa a ta eevee es CHAPTER 4 KNOWN DEFICIENCIES 4 1 4 2 4 3 4 4 4 5 External File SONES 43d A wa Cos ain yeu ae eas Fimte Elementa EN General Input Output sedan daa TM s Soo ha a es dde Edu sk Scope Environment rare is CHAPTER 5 PRERELEASE FEATURES 5 1 5 2 5 3 5 4 Introd ction o das DE AA Design Prerelease Features issirilha ee 5 2 1 4BC3 2005 Steel Design Code aia sra ler acai peel 5 2 2 API Twenty First Edition Hydrostatic Pressure and Punching olieat CASES a ea ee 5 2 3 JLRED3 Steel Design Code 22 eas cere eds 24 ACT COG 318 99 oo bln Sane aa e e can At 5 2 5 Rectangular and Circular Concrete Cross Section Tables 5 2 6 Design of Flat Plates Based on the Results of Finite Element Analysis The DESIGN SLAB Command Analysis Prerelease Features ecient ua Ex Re a REA 5 3 1 Calculate Error Estimate Command 0 00 General Pretele se Features i24 eec san ee aw S Oras dae RES 5 4 1 Rotate Load Command er issa a Er Ex RS 5 4 2 Reference Coordinate System Command 5 4 2 1 Printing Reference Coordinate System Command 5 4 3 GTMenu Point Coordinates and Line Incidences Commands
2. iv GT STRUDL Introduction Chapter 1 Introduction Version 31 covers GTSTRUDL operating on PC s under the Windows 7 Windows Vista Windows XP and Windows 2000 operating systems Chapter 2 presents the new features and enhancements which have been added since the release of Version 30 Chapter 3 provides you with details regarding error corrections that have been made since the Version 30 release Chapter 4 describes known problems with Version 31 Chapter 5 describes prerelease features new features which have been developed and subjected to limited testing or features for which the user documentation has not been added to the GTSTRUDL User Reference Manual The command formats and functionality of the prerelease features may change before they become supported features based on additional testing and feedback from users The Prerelease features are subdivided into Design Analysis and General categories The features in these categories and their sections numbers in Chapter 5 are shown below 5 2 Design Prerelease Features 5 2 1 EC3 2005 Steel Design Code 5 2 2 API Twenty First Edition steel design code for Basic Hydrostatic Pressure and Punching Shear stress checks 5 2 3 LRFD3 Steel Design Code 5 2 4 ACI Concrete Code 318 99 5 2 5 Rectangular and Circular Concrete Cross Section Tables 5 2 6 Design of Flat Plates Based on the Results of Finite Element Analysis The DESIGN SLAB Command 5 3 Analysis Prerelease Featur
3. ERROR ARLD03 Invalid LIMITS specified for direction Y This ELEVATION command is ignored This problem has been corrected and the second LIMITS used in the EXCEPT clause is now processed correctly The following two ELEVATION commands although similar to the problem above did not cause a problem because only one LIMITS specification is used ELEVATION 30 0 LIMITS X 0 0 170 0 Z2 90 0 0 0 VALUE 0 30 ONE WAY X ELEVATION 30 0 EXCEPT LIMITS X 30 0 110 0 Z 71 50 38 50 VALUE 0 30 ONE WAY X No GPRF issued Error Corrections KKK K The DEAD LOAD command can now process MEMBERS EXISTING ELEMENTS ONLY Previously the ELEMENTS ONLY would be ignored and generate the following error message ERROR STGNDL Member list missing or no valid members in the list DEAD LOADS not generated and SCAN mode entered CI w cmdnpro ERROR The following symbols were not processed ONLY Example DEAD LOAD 1 Elements only Y INCLUDE FINITE ELEMENTS MEMBERS EXISTING ELEMENTS ONLY The above command will load all the existing finite elements but none of the members No GPRF issued The SUMMARY FINAL ONLY option for LIST SECTION FORCES and LIST SECTION STRESSES now works correctly Previously the summaries for each individual member were printed
4. REC22X12 REC22X14 REC22X16 REC22X18 REC22X20 REC22X22 REC22X24 REC22X26 REC22X28 REC22X30 REC22X32 REC22X34 REC22X36 REC34X12 REC34X14 REC34X16 REC34X18 REC34X20 REC34X22 REC34X24 REC34X26 REC34X28 REC34X30 REC34X32 REC34X34 REC34X36 REC24X12 REC24X14 REC24X16 REC24X18 REC24X20 REC24X22 REC24X24 REC24X26 REC24X28 REC24X30 REC24X32 REC24X34 REC24X36 REC36X12 REC36X14 REC36X16 REC36X18 REC36X20 REC36X22 REC36X24 REC36X26 REC36X28 REC36X30 REC36X32 REC36X34 REC36X36 5 2 28 REC26X12 REC26X14 REC26X16 REC26X18 REC26X20 REC26X22 REC26X24 REC26X26 REC26X28 REC26X30 REC26X32 REC26X34 REC26X36 Rectangular and Circular Concrete Cross Section Tables GT STRUDL REC28X12 REC28X14 REC28X16 REC28X18 REC28X20 REC28X22 REC28X24 REC28X26 REC28X28 REC28X30 REC28X32 REC28X34 REC28X36 GT STRUDL DESIGN SLAB Command 5 2 6 Design of Flat Plates Based on the Results of Finite Element Analysis The DESIGN SLAB Command The goal of the DESIGN SLAB command is to select reinforcing steel for concrete flat plate systems using finite elements as a tool for the determination of design moments Instead of dealing with results on an element by element basis the user will be able to design the reinforcing steel for slab systems based on cuts Here the term cut refers to the cross section of a strip at a particular location to be designed A cut is defined by two nodes identifying the start and e
5. create model including all joints members and finite elements both immediately and eventually required perform INACTIVE operations on desired joints members and finite elements LOAD LIST 1 STIFFNESS ANALYSIS perform ACTIVE and INACTIVE operations on desired joints members finite elements LOAD LIST 2 STIFFNESS ANALYSIS CREATE LOAD COMBINATION LCI SPECS 1 1 02 1 0 GPRF 2010 05 GT STRUDL Known Deficiencies 4 2 Finite Elements 1 The ELEMENT LOAD command documentation indicates that header information such as tvpe and load specs are allowed If information is given in the header and an attempt is made to override the header information a message is output indicating an invalid command or incorrect information is stored GPRF 90 06 2 Incorrect results displacements stresses reactions frequencies etc will result if a RIGIDITY MATRIX is used to specify the material properties for the IPSL IPSQ and TRANS3D elements GPRF 93 09 3 The CALCULATE RESULTANT command may either abort or print out an erroneous error message for cuts that appear to be parallel to the Planar Y axis GPRF 94 21 4 Ifa superelement is given the same name as a member or finite element an abort will occur in the DEVELOP STATIC PROPERTIES command GPRF 95 08 5 The curved elements TYPE SCURV and PCURV will produce incorrect results for tangential member loads FORCE X An example of the loading command which will prod
6. CURVE ARC TEMPLATE type CENTERED ARC PERCENT v BEZIER CURVE SPLINE CURVE ORDER k incidence specs 5 4 10 GT STRUDL GTMenu Point and Line Incidences Commands Where Dis CA unsigned integer Line Curve identifiers ay dr a 1 to 8 character alphanumeric Line Curve identifi ers dado unsigned integer Point identifiers used ary dc Op m 1 to 8 character alphanumeric Point identifiers Vi positive number integer or real k integer between 2 and the number of incidences 1 2 o Point subscripts for a Line Curve The following table gives the number of Points used to specify different types of Line Curve type number of incidences LINE 2 500 POLYNOMIAL CURVE 2 10 ARC TEMPLATE 3 CENTERED ARC 3 BEZIER CURVE 2 10 SPLINE CURVE 2 10 5 4 11 End of Document
7. 2L SL13M Short legs back to back double angles from Table 1 15 of the AISC 13 Edition WBEAMI3M W shapes commonly used as beams from Table 3 6 of the AISC 13 Edition WCOL 13M W shapes commonly used as columns from Table 4 1 of the AISC 13 Edition 2 The GTTABLE commands have been modified to accept long profile names Also the GTTABLE output has been modified to display both long and short profile names The affected GTTABLE commands are shown below MODIFY ITEMS TRANSFER ITEMS DELETE ITEMS OUTPUT PRINT ITEMS PRINT ITEM NAMES The above commands are documented in the GTTABLE User Manual The output generated by any of the GTTABLE commands now displays the long and short profile names except the PRINT ITEM NAMES command The PRINT ITEM NAMES command prints the long profile names only If the short profile names are desired specify the PRINT ITEM NAMES SHORT NAMES command The user should keep in mind that in order to specify commands with the long profile names table conversion files must exist The Table conversion files are located at lt installation_folder gt Table Conversion Files For help on how to create a table conversion file see lt installation_folder gt Table Conversion Files User README txt New Features GT STRUDL 2 12 2 13 The only command in GTTABLE that does not accept long profile names is the ADD ITEMS command When you are creating a new table profile names specified by the ADD ITEMS com
8. along each member Factor Moving Loads by fi 0 Standard Truck M Self weight Load SW Y rer ise Weight ig Factor Self Weight by fro Axle count Kips r Spacing f 10 Factor by inches Factor User loads by Create a group with load names Convert to FORM loads This is Group name x necesary for nonlinear analysis Cancel lt Back Cancel lt Back The Model Wizard now adds SET ELEMENTS HASHED to all models with more than 300 joints Previously only the Vault and Space Frame Wizards added this command SET ELEMENTS HASHED speeds up the processing of commands for large input files The Vault Rectangular Tank Wizard now includes the option to add a top as shown in the dialog below Vault Rect Tank ModelWizard Model creation options Orthogonal Iv Include top New Features GT STRUDL An example of a rectangular tank with a top created using the Wizard is shown below At peP z You can now add pressure to the top and the sides of the tank using the new dialog shown below The side pressure allows you to model a surcharge loading TStrudl ModelWizard 4 1 Vault Rect Tank ModelWizard External loading information IV Pressure on bottom 7 r Pressure units 150 IV Pressure on top f E IV Pressure on sides C Constant Linear Pressure Height Height Units GT STRUDL New Features 4 The Plane Frame Wizard now includes new bracing types Inverted Chevron Braces with offsets and eccentric
9. and 2 define three joints or the coordinates of three points in space In either case i or a is the integer or alphanumeric identifier of the reference coordinate system For the first option v v and v are the magnitude of translations in active length units of the origin of this system from the origin of the overall global coordinate system The translations v v and v are measured parallel to the orthogonal axes X Y and Z respectively of the global system and are positive in the positive directions of these axes v V and v are the rotation angles R R and R in active angular units between the orthogonal axes of this 5 4 5 General Prerelease Features GT STRUDL system and the axes of the overall global coordinate system The description of these angles is the same as given in Section 2 1 7 2 of Volume 1 of the GTSTRUDL User Reference Manual for rotated joint releases 0 0 and 0 In the second case three joints are required Each of the three joints may be defined either by a joint identifier using the JOINT option of the command or by its global X Y and Z coordinates If the joint identifier option is used however the coordinates of the joint must be specified previously by the JOINT COORDINATES command The first time i or a or vy vs and v defines the origin of the reference system the X axis of the reference system is determined by the first and second joints i or a or V5
10. chord connection the chord s weight in pound per foot and the brace shear force in the Y direction at the chord connection the allowable punching shear stress and the brace shear force in the Z direction at the chord connection the actual punching shear stress and the torsional moment the actual allowable punching shear stress ratio the brace name and the moment of inertia in the Y direction the load name and the moment of inertia in the Z direction WITH SUMMARIZE RESULTS option indicates that the standard TRACE 4 punching shear output should be printed and then print a summary of the highest actual allowable punching shear code check ratio This option is applicable to APIWSD21 and APIWSD20 punching shear code check only Figure 4 4 1 shows output for this option SUMMARIZE RESULTS ONLY option indicates that only print a summary of the highest actual allowable punching shear code check ratio Standard TRACE 4 output option is not printed and only summarize results is printed This option is applicable to APIWSD21 and APIWSD20 punching shear code check only Figure 4 4 2 shows output for this option TRACE 3 provides the user with a full report of the checks made for each CHORD specified in the TRACE member list Although TRACE 3 output is valuable to your understanding and verification of GTSTRUDL checks TRACE 3 can be very expensive and counterproductive when specified indiscriminately SUMMARIZE Command is not available for PUNCHING SHEAR
11. code check command 5 2 20 GT STRUDL Design Prerelease Features 154 gt 155 gt CHECK APIWSD20 PUNCHING SHEAR WITH SUMMARIZE RESULTS MEMBER 1 kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkx STRUDL CODE CHECK OPERATIONAL UNITS FEET KIP E kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk JOINT CHORD LOAD FINAL SIZE FX TORSION Vp AX Vp IPB Vp OPB ACT NF ACTUAL ALLOWABLE GEOMETRY BRACE SIN ANG OD TK FY MY Vpa AX Vpa IPB Vpa OPB ALL NF PROVISION NAME PART AX IY sy FZ MZ 2 1 1 0 99 0 030 1 93 0 05 0 29 0 30 0 03 0 215 0 825 T 5 1 0000 2 49 0 31 5 48 1 20 0 82 ASD F4 1 4 1 1 0 092 0 011 0 021 0 06 2 69 2 1 1 0 99 0 030 0 62 0 33 0 11 0 96 0 18 0 682 0 767 T 8 1 0000 3 04 1 08 5 77 1 20 0 91 ASD F4 1 4 1 1 0 092 0 011 0 021 0 17 5 93 2 1 2 0 99 0 030 2 21 0 11 0 34 0 36 0 06 0 259 0 825 T 5 1 0000 0 48 0 58 5 50 1 20 0 83 ASD F4 1 4 1 1 0 092 0 011 0 021 0 11 3 22 2 1 2 0 99 0 030 0 22 0 45 0 04 0 45 0 35 0 367 0 767 T 8 1 0000 1 49 2 14 5 79 1 20 0 91 4 3 1 3b 4 1 1 0 092 0 011 0 021 0 34 2 77 2 1 3 0 99 0 030 0 61 0 09 0 09 0 34 0 04 0 202 0 825 T 5 1 0000 1 02 0 40 5 48 1 20 0 83 ASD F4 1 4 1 1 0 092 0 011 0 021 0 08 3 07 2 1 3 0 99 0 030 0 59 0 27 0 11 0 77 0 26 0 513 0 767 T 8 1 0000 2 33 1 58 5 78 1 20 0 91 ASD F4 1 4 1 1 0 092 0 011 0 021 0 25 4 74 Joint Chord Brace Loading Geometry Provision Unity Ratio Provision Unity Ratio Status 2 T 5 2 T ASD F4 1 0 259 4 1 1 0
12. element adjacent to the cut Once the cut has been defined the user may indicate parameters to be used to design the system The user may constrain the bar size or spacing to a certain value either for the top face bottom face or for both faces In this case the final design will utilize the information provided If the bar size is constrained the appropriate spacing of bars is determined Ifthe bar spacing is constrained the appropriate bar size is determined In the case that the user supplies a bar size and spacing for the cut the application will simply check the strength of the cross section against the computed design envelope according to ACI 318 Ifthe user specifies no design constraints the application assumes a bar size and designs the section to satisfy ACI 318 As such the user maintains explicit control over the function of the application The user may also specify which layer of bars to be designed using the modifier INNER or OUTER These refer to the location of reinforcing bars on each surface At most slab locations reinforcement is placed in two perpendicular directions on both surfaces of 5 2 31 The DESIGN SLAB Command GT STRUDL the slab Since each layer of reinforcement cannot occupy the same space one layer must be placed on top of the other OUTER refers to the layer closest to the surface while INNER refers to the layer nearest the center of the slab All user specified constraints such as concrete comp
13. following error conditions to be identified and error messages printed 1 The following error message is printed if the ROTATE loading name is identical to the name ofthe destination load An example ofthe commands that produce this error are also included 114 gt LOADING 201 115 gt ROTATE LOAD 201 T1 45 0 ERROR STROLO The ROTATE loading is illegally the same as the destination loading Command ignored Loading 201 is illegally named as both the destination load and the loading whose components are rotated 5 4 3 General Prerelease Features GT STRUDL 2 Inthe following error example loading 51 is undefined 111 gt LOADING 201 112 gt ROTATE LOAD 51 T1 45 0 ERROR STROLO Loading to be rotated undefined Command ignored 3 The following error message is produced because loading 4 specified as the ROTATE load is a load combination or dependent loading condition The ROTATE load must be an independent loading condition 141 LOADING 108 142 ROTATE LOADING 4 T3 45 0 ERROR STROLO Rotated Loading 4 is an illegal dependent load Command ignored 4 This error condition and message is caused by the fact that the destination load 108 is defined as a loading combination 144 gt LOAD COMB 108 ALL COMBINE 1 1 5 2 1 0 3 1 0 145 gt ROTATE LOADING 1 T3 45 0 ERROR STROLO Destination independent loading not defin
14. for the user so as to make the command as broadly applicable as possible The user must first define the cut A cut is defined by a start and end node ID and an element ID in the plane of the cut The user has the option of giving each cut an alphanu meric name for organizational purposes The purpose of the required element ID is to determine the appropriate plane to design in the event that multiple planes of finite elements intersect along the cut as defined by the start and end node An example where this might occur is the intersection of a slab with a shear wall In this case a misleading design could be generated if the slab was designed using the forces in the shear wall The cut definition constitutes all information required to compute the resultant forces acting along the cut The total moment acting on a cut cross section is computed using one of two methods The use of moment resultants also known as the Wood and Armer method is implemented as the default method In this method the moment resultants MXX MYY and MXY are resolved on a per node basis along the cut and either the average effect or the maximum effect on the cut is applied to the entire cross section The other option for moment computation is based on the use of element forces In this method the total resultant moment acting on the cross section is computed using the CALCULATE RESULTANT command and the element force nodal moments are resolved for each node of each
15. 00 0 83 656191 5 0 000000 0 83 656191 4 0 000000 0 83 656191 3 0 000000 0 83 656191 1 0 000000 0 83 656191 2 0 000000 0 83 65619 0 83 65619 0 537 gt ACTIVE MODES MINIMUM TARGET MASS PARTICIPATION FACTORS XMIN 83 538 gt YMIN 0 YGE 1 ZMIN 80 ZGE 8 ACTIVE MODE STATUS Active modes 4 Inactive modes 6 Total 10 ACTIVE MODES ALL BUT 2 46 7 9 10 000000 000000 000000 000000 000000 000000 000000 000000 000000 000000 000000 000000 Modest Z mass 9 7 491623 8 995125 0 036113 0 007008 0 000000 0 000000 0 000000 0 000000 0 000000 0 000000 Order By Z mass GT STRUDL Cum Sum 491623 486749 522862 529870 529870 529870 529870 529870 529870 529870 529870 529870 GT STRUDL New Features 2 3 The viscous damper element dash pot has been moved to release status The viscous damper element may be used for linear and nonlinear dynamic analysis by the direct integration procedure The commands related to the viscous damper element are shown below and described in Section 2 4 3 7 of Volume 3 of the Reference Manuals DAMPER ELEMENT DATA described in Section 2 4 3 7 1 PRINT DAMPER ELEMENT DATA described in Section 2 4 3 7 2 DELETE DAMPER ELEMENT DATA described in Section 2 4 3 7 3 General The efficiency of the LIST MAXIMUM JOINT DISPLACEMENTS and LIST MAXIMUM REACTIONS commands has been drama
16. 005 Steel Design Code A new Eurocode 3 EN 1993 1 1 2005 E steel design code has been implemented as a prerelease feature This new code EC3 2005 may be used to select or check any of the following shapes Design for axial force and bi axial bending I shapes Circular Hollow Sections Pipes Rectangular Hollow Sections Structural Tube Solid Round Bars Design for axial force only Single Angles Double Angles The prerelease documentation for the EC3 2005 code may be found by selecting the Help menu and then Reference Documentation Reference Manuals Steel Design and EC3 2005 in the GTSTRUDL Output Window 5 2 2 API Twenty First Edition Hydrostatic Pressure and Punching Shear Checks A new API Recommended Practice 2A WSD RP 2A WSD Twenty First Edition steel design code for Basic Hydrostatic Pressure and Punching Shear stress checks has been implemented as a prerelease feature This new code APIWSD21 may be used to select or check Circular Hollow Sections Pipes The Prerelease documentation for the APIWSD21 code may be found by selecting the Help menu and then Reference Documentation Reference Manuals Offshore Loading Analysis and Design and APIWSD21 API RP 2A WSD 21 Edition in the GTSTRUDL Output Window Also see the following Sections 4 3 1 4 3 2 and 4 4 for Punching Shear Chord Classification and Check Punching Shear commands These sections are numbered as they will appear when added to Volume 8 of the GTSTRUDL
17. 0psf POSITIVE MOMENT 671358 19 DUE TO LOAD 150psf NOTE Negative moment produces tension on the positive PLANAR Z surface requiring TOP bars Positive moment produces compression on the positive PLANAR Z surface requiring BOTTOM bars SLAB CROSS SECTION Width Depth FCP FY Cover Layer 120 00 12 00 4000 00 60000 00 0 750 Outer DESIGN RESULTS per ACI 318 05 Face Bar Spacing AS PROV D MOMENT STRENGTH MOMENT REQ D STATUS TOP Reinforcement Not Required BOTTOM M14 10 000 2 864 1664920 7190 671358 1875 PASSES 5 2 38 GT STRUDL The CALCULATE ERROR ESTIMATE Command 5 3 Analysis Prerelease Features 5 3 1 The CALCULATE ERROR ESTIMATE Command The form of the command is as follows CALCULATE ERROR ESTIMATE BASED ON ENERGY NORM MAX DIFFERENCE DIFFERENCE FROM AVERAGE PERCENT MAX DIFFERENCE PERCENT DIFFERENCE FROM AVERAGE NORMALIZED PERCENT MAX DIFFERENCE NORMALIZED PERCENT DIFFERENCE FROM AVERAGE TOP gt ALL AT MIDDLE SURFACES FOR BOTTOM ELEMENT list The results from this command provide an estimate of the errors in the finite element discretization of the problem Energy norm L norm and nodal error estimates are available The L norm is given by fe sun le L2 where e is the error in stress and Q is the domain of the element The error stress is the difference between the average stress O 5 and element stress at the nodes Y The
18. 1 nodes The material properties were the default values associated with the MATERIAL REINFORCED CONCRETE command All 6 degrees of freedom were restrained at each node along the supported ends of the slab system Each element was loaded with a surface pressure of 150 psf resulting in a confirmed summation of vertical reaction of 45 000 lb Figure 5 2 5 2 Example Finite Element Model Definition of Cut Cross Sections Two cuts are considered for the verification example as shown in Figure 5 2 5 1 Cut 1 1 The cross section Cut 1 1 is defined along the fixed support at the end of the slab strip and represents the maximum negative moment section in the slab where top reinforcing steel would be required Cut 1 1 originates at node 1 and terminates at node 11 The elements along Cut 1 1 are elements 1 10 The command given for Cut 1 1 is DESIGN SLAB USING CALCULATE RESULTANT JOI 1 11 ELE 1 TOP BAR 5 5 2 35 The DESIGN SLAB Command GT STRUDL In this case the user requests that a slab cross section beginning at node 1 ending at node 11 and in the plane of element 1 be reinforced according to the section moment computed using the CALCULATE RESULTANT command The user has specified that 5 bars are to be used on the top surface indicating that spacing is to be computed The results of the DESIGN SLAB command are shown in the following table Calculation Moment Strength Moment
19. 62 BRACE 5 LOAD 1 GEOMETRY K OVERLAP 4 37 BRACE 6 LOAD 1 GEOMETRY K OVERLAP 5 18 BRACE 7 LOAD 1 GEOMETRY PART K 0 5 CROSS 0 34 Y OVERLAP 5 18 BRACE 8 LOAD 1 GEOMETRY K OVERLAP 4 37 CHORD 9 JOINT 50 BRACE 2 LOAD 1 GEOMETRY K OVERLAP 6 62 BRACE 3 LOAD 1 GEOMETRY PART K 0 6 T OVERLAP 6 62 BRACE 4 LOAD 1 GEOMETRY PART K 0 3 CROSS OVERLAP 6 62 BRACE 5 LOAD 1 GEOMETRY K OVERLAP 4 37 BRACE 6 LOAD 1 GEOMETRY K OVERLAP 5 18 BRACE 7 LOAD 1 GEOMETRY PART K 0 5 CROSS 0 34 Y OVERLAP 5 18 BRACE 8 LOAD 1 GEOMETRY K OVERLAP 4 37 5 2 15 Design Prerelease Features GT STRUDL 4 4 CHECK PUNCHING SHEAR Command General form APIWSD21 APILRFD1 APIWSD20 CHECK APIAPR87 PUNCHING SHEAR class data APIOCT84 NPD83 ALL summary spec 1 MEMBER list where APIWSD2I APILRFDI class data AUTOMATIC 4 APIWSD20 CLASSIFICATION APIAPR87 APIOCT84 list list JOINTS gt ALL LOADS 4 ALL ALL BUT list ALL BUT list LIST CHORDS joint configuration gt 1 OVERLAP 0 Vi DIAPHRAGM joint configuration L v Ei ow Eo X TW v VW v 6 5 2 16 GT STRUDL Design Prerelease Features WITH SUMMARIZE RESULTS summary spec dian SUMMARIZE RESULTS ONLY Elements list integer or alphanumeric id of the member which check for punching shear is specified list integer or alphanumeric id of the joint which automatic classification is speci
20. 825 Passed 2 1 8 1 T ASD F4 1 0 682 4 1 1 0 767 Passed Figure 4 4 1 GTSTRUDL output for punching shear With Summarize Results 156 gt 157 gt CHECK APIWSD20 PUNCHING SHEAR SUMMARIZE RESULTS ONLY MEMBER 1 kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkx STRUDL CODE CHECK OPERATIONAL UNITS FEET KIP kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk Maximum Punching Shear Summarv Results Joint Chord Brace Loading Geometrv Provision Unitv Ratio Provision Unitv Ratio Status 2 1 5 2 T ASD F4 1 0 259 4 1 1 0 825 Passed 2 1 8 1 T ASD F4 1 0 682 4 1 1 0 767 Passed Figure 4 4 2 GTSTRUDL output for punching shear Summarize Results Only 5 2 21 Design Prerelease Features GT STRUDL This page intentionally left blank 5 2 22 GT STRUDL LRFD3 Steel Design Code 5 2 3 LRFD3 Steel Design Code The LRFD3 code is primarily based on the AISC Load and Resistance Factor Design Specification for Structural Steel Buildings adopted December 27 1999 with errata incorporated as of September 4 2001 The Specification is contained in the Third Edition of the AISC Manual of Steel Construction Load and Resistance Factor Design 96 The LRFD3 code utilizes the Load and Resistance Factor design techniques of the AISC Specification Rather than use the LRFD3 code which is a prerelease feature users should use the AISC13 code which is now a released feature The LRFD3 code of GTSTRUDL may be used to select or check any o
21. ACE output for the APIAPR87 and APIOCT 84 punching shear check shows the joint and the geometry classification name the chord and the brace name the load name and SIN ANG the SIN of the angle between the chord and the brace the outside diameter and the thickness of the chord the chord area and the brace axial force at the chord connection the chord moment of inertia in the Y direction and the brace shear force in the Y direction at the chord connection the chord section modulus in the Y direction and the shear force in the Z direction at the chord connection the chord s weight in pound per foot and the brace torsional moment at the chord connection the brace moments in the Y and Z directions at the chord connection the actual punching shear stress due to the brace axial force and the allowable stress the actual punching shear stress due to the brace in plane moment and the allowable stress the actual punching shear stress due to the brace out of plane moment and the allowable stress the actual axial load component perpendicular to the chord and the allowable the highest unity stress check actual allowable ratio and the provision name 5 2 18 GT STRUDL Design Prerelease Features Table 4 4 1 GTSTRUDL Punching Shear Codes Code Parameter Name Table Application APIWSD21 1 5 1 Based on the Recommended Practice for Planning Designing and Constructing Fixed Offshore Platforms Working Stress Design API Recommended Practice 2A WS
22. D RP 2A WSD Twenty First Edition December 2000 with Errata and Supplement 1 2 and 3 16 APILRFD1 4 2 1 Based on the Recommended Practice for Planning Designing and Constructing Fixed Offshore Platforms Load and Resis tance Factor Design API Recommended Practice 2A LRFD RP 2A LRFD First Edition July 1 1993 APIWSD20 4 2 2 Based on the Recommended Practice for Planning Designing and Constructing Fixed Offshore Platforms Working Stress Design API Recommended Practice 2A WSD RP 2A WSD Twentieth Edition July 1 1993 11 APIAPR87 E 1 1 Based on the API recommended Practice for Planning Designing and Constructing Fixed Offshore Platforms Seventeenth Edition dated April 1 1987 2 APIOCT84 E 1 1 Based on the API recommended Practice for Plamning Designing and Constructing Fixed Offshore Platforms Fiftee nth Edition dated October 22 1984 1 NPD83 E l 2 Based on the Norwegian Petroleum Directorate NPD Guidelines on Design and Analvsis of Steel Structures in the Petroleum Activitv dated 1983 9 52 19 Design Prerelease Features GT STRUDL NPD output The default TRACE output for the NPD punching shear check shows the joint the chord name the outside diameter the thickness the chord area the moment of inertia in the Y direction at the chord connection and SIN ANG the SIN of the angle between the chord and the brace the chord section modulus in the Y direction and the brace axial force at the
23. FECTS command as it is done for frame and truss members This capability is only available for the GTSES solver option More details about this new feature are found in Section 2 5 2 1 of Volume 3 of the GTSTRUDL User Reference Manual An example of accounting for the geometric nonlinear behavior using these elements in a pushover analysis on a square simply supported plate with a uniform load is shown below Nonlinear Effects Geometry elements 1 to 144 End Active Solver GTSES FI SUPPORT FX FY FZ MY GT STRUDL New Features A plot of the y displacement at the center of the plate versus the load factor is shown below lll Plot of Pushover Analysis Results File Titles Axes Help Pushover Results Load Factor vs Joint Displacement ra a a o m L D o o l Joint 85 Displacement Y IN 2 The PERFORM PUSHOVER ANALYSIS command Section 2 5 5 Volume 3 has been enhanced with the addition of the GTSES option which indicates that the GTSES sparse equation solver shall be used for the execution of the nonlinear analysis steps of the pushover analysis procedure The PERFORM PUSHOVER ANALYSIS command also uses the GTSES solver when the ACTIVE SOLVER GTSES command Section 2 1 1 13 4 Volume 1 is given prior to the PERFORM PUSHOVER ANALYSIS command 3 The PERFORM CABLE PRESTRESS ANALYSIS command Section 2 6 3 Volume 3 has been enhanced with the addition of the GTSES option which indicates that the GTSES sparse equati
24. GT STRUDL Version 31 Release Guide Volume 1 of 2 August 2010 Computer Aided Structural Engineering Center School of Civil amp Environmental Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta Georgia 30332 0355 U S A Telephone 404 894 2260 Fax 404 894 8014 e mail casec ce gatech edu NOTICES This GTSTRUDL Release Guide is applicable to Version 31 with a release date in the GTSTRUDL title block of August 2010 The GTSTRUDL computer program is proprietary to and a trade secret of the Georgia Tech Research Corporation Atlanta Georgia U S A DISCLAIMER NEITHER GEORGIA TECH RESEARCH CORPORATION NOR GEORGIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY MAKE ANY WARRANTY EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED AS TO THE DOCUMENTATION FUNCTION OR PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM DESCRIBED HEREIN AND THE USER OF THE PROGRAM IS EXPECTED TO MAKE THE FINAL EVALUATION AS TO THE USEFULNESS OF THE PROGRAM IN THEIR OWN ENVIRONMENT Commercial Software Rights Legend Any use duplication or disclosure of this software by or for the U S Government shall be restricted to the terms of a license agreement in accordance with the clause at DFARS 227 7202 3 June 2005 This material may be reproduced by or for the U S Government pursuant to the copyright license under the clause at DFARS 252 227 7013 September 1989 Copyright 2010 Georgia Tech Research Corporation Atlanta Georgia 30332 0355 U S A ALL RIGHTS RESERVED GTSTRUDLe is a registered serv
25. OTTOM FACE BARS i SPACING v BOTH FACES BARS i SPACING vy E INNER LAYER OUTER LAYER TORSIONAL MOMENT WARNING v COVER v LINEAR TOLERANCE v a or 1 refer to an optional alphanumeric or integer cut name list list containing ID s of the start and end node of the cut list list containing the ID of an element in the plane of the cut L bar size to be used for bars on the top surface of the slab i bar size to be used for bars on the bottom surface of the slab La bar size to be used for both the top and bottom surfaces of the slab Y reinforcing bar spacing to be used on the top surface of the slab V5 reinforcing bar spacing to be used on the bottom surface of the slab V3 reinforcing bar spacing to be used on both surfaces of the slab V4 optional user specified cover distance for reinforcing bars Vs linear tolerance used in element selection rules for moment computation V6 optional ratio of torsion to bending moment allowed on the cross section TOP element surface with Z PLANAR coordinate BOTTOM element surface with Z PLANAR coordinate 5 2 30 GT STRUDL DESIGN SLAB Command Explanation The DESIGN SLAB command allows the user to communicate all data necessary for the reinforcing steel design This information is processed and a design is calculated based on the input The command is designed to provide varying levels of control
26. P option the gap factor Q is set equal to 1 0 This will result in a conservative punching shear check 2 An exact value of 0 for the OVERLAP parameter initiates the gap computation for the K joint geometry as indicated above which is valid only when the CHORDS FOR PUNCHING SHEAR AUTOMATIC command Section 4 3 2 is specified According to this procedure if an actual overlap is detected between two braces the overlap distance is not computed a value of 1 is automatically set for the OVERLAP option and Q is computed according to Item 1 above If an actual gap or positive overlap is detected the gap distance is computed and used directly in the computation of Q 3 A positive or negative decimal value directly specified for the OVER LAP option indicates an actual gap or overlap distance respectively which is used directly in the computation of Q 4 Note that the exact values of 0 and 1 are reserved options of the OVERLAP parameter as described in items 1 and 2 above 5 2 7 Design Prerelease Features GT STRUDL a If an exact decimal value of 0 0 is required to be specified for the OVERLAP parameter the user may specify a small value like 0 001 or 0 001 for the overlap distance b If an exact decimal value of 1 0 is required to be specified for the OVERLAP parameter the user may specify a value of 1 001 for the overlap distance DIAPHRAGM The DIAPHRAGM modifier indicates the presence of a stiffening diap
27. RUDL ACI Code 318 99 The table of CONSTANTS and assumed values for ACI 318 99 is shown below TABLE 2 4 1 CONSTANTS and Assumed Values for ACI 318 99 CONSTANT Explanation ACI 318 99 Assumed Value Compressive strength of concrete f 4000 psi FY Yield strength of reinforcement f 60000 psi WC Unit weight of plain concrete 145 pef DENSITY Unit weight of reinforced concrete 150 pef Allow compr stress in concrete F A 3 1 0 45 FCP Ult shear stress in beam with web reinf Y 11 5 6 9 8 FCP v S Allow shear stress in beam with web reinf A 3 1 b S 5yFCP Splitting ratio t j9 9 5 2 3 6 7 c Yield strength of stirrups 60000 psi Yield strength of spiral 60000 psi Allowable tension stress in primary reinf 20000 psi for Allowable compressive stress in column reinf 3 Grades 40 50 Allowable tension stress in stirrups 24000 psi for Grade 60 Flexure capacity reduction factor Shear capacity reduction factor Bond capacity reduction factor Torsion capacity reduction factor Spiral column capacity reduction factor Tied column capacity reduction factor BLFR Ratio of max p p p or p Pp to py 10 3 3 0 75 PMAXCO Maximum allowable reinforced ratio in columns 10 9 1 0 08 PMINCO Minimum allowable reinforced ratio in columns 10 9 1 0 01 PMINFL Minimum allowable reinforced ratio in flexural 10 5 1 200 FY members ES Modulus of elasticity for reinf steel 8 5 2 29x10 psi el i Brey FCP EC Modu
28. RY The input values r and r are the ratios expressed as decimal values used to assign the various classes in a partial classification The API code classifies joint geometries into three categories K T amp Y and CROSS joints Figure 4 3 1 1 The joint configuration GEOMETRY T or Y of CHORDS FOR PUNCHING SHEAR command is the T amp Y geometry classification of the API Code Valid designations for the 1983 version of the Norwegian Petroleum Directorate code are K T or Y CROSS or X and DOUBLE Y Example BRACE 1 LOAD 1 GEOMETRY PART K 0 5 x 0 3 CROSS The above example under load 1 shows the geometry for brace 1 is 50 percent K 30 percent Y and 20 percent CROSS GTSTRUDL assigns the ratio equal to 1 0 r r 1 0 0 5 0 3 0 2 to the CROSS classification OVERLAP The OVERLAP designation specifies the minimum spacing between brace members where they intersect the chord Figures 4 3 1 1 and 4 3 1 2 In terms of the API Punching Shear Check the overlap status ofa joint configuration is relevant for K geometries only The OVERLAP PARAMETER should be omitted for T X CROSS or X and Double Y geometries The integer 1 means that some of the brace members are overlapped In this case the K geometry has overlap condition The factor which accounts for the effects of type of loading and geometry Q is assumed equal to 1 8 and the allowable axial load component perpendicular to the chord is checked overlap
29. Required LL rr fer e DESIGN SLAB ENEE 2 EN 1561006 4 1354381 5 The GTSTRUDL output for this example is as follows FLAT PLATE SLAB DESIGN BASED ON THE RESULTS OF FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS PROBLEM VFE103 TITLE DESIGN SLAB VERIFICATION VERIFY DESIGN CALCULATIONS RELEVANT ACTIVE UNITS INCH LB NUMBER OF ACTIVE LOADINGS 1 REINFORCEMENT ORIENTATION PERPENDICULAR TO A CUT BEGINNING AT NODE 1 AND TERMINATING AT NODE 11 AND IN THE PLANE OF ELEMENT 1 ELEMENT FORCE IMPLEMENTATION DESIGN MOMENT ENVELOPE NEGATIVE MOMENT 1354381 48 DUE TO LOAD 150psf POSITIVE MOMENT 0 00 DUE TO LOAD none NOTE Negative moment produces tension on the positive PLANAR Z surface requiring TOP bars Positive moment produces compression on the positive PLANAR Z surface requiring BOTTOM bars SLAB CROSS SECTION Width Depth FCP FY Cover Layer 120 00 12 00 4000 00 60000 00 0 750 Inner DESIGN RESULTS per ACI 318 05 Face Bar Spacing AS PROV D MOMENT STRENGTH MOMENT REQ D STATUS TOP 5 13 000 2 862 1561006 4280 1354381 4844 PASSES BOTTOM Reinforcement Not Required 5 2 36 GT STRUDL DESIGN SLAB Command Cut 2 2 The cross section Cut 2 2 is defined along the center line in the middle region of the slab strip and represents the maximum positive moment section in the slab where bottom reinforcing steel would be required Cut 2 2 originates at node 166 and terminate
30. TRUDL Output Window using the PRINT LOAD DATA command or by checking the reactions using LIST SUM REACTIONS No GPRF issued 4 5 Scope Environment 1 OVERLAY DIAGRAM in the Plotter Environment produces diagrams that are much smaller relative to the plot size than the Scope environment does This is because the structure plot is magnified to fill the Plotter graphics area but the height of the diagram is not increased As a work around use the PLOT FORMAT SCALE command to decrease the scale factor which will increase the size of the diagram The current value is printed with a Scope Environment OVERLAY DIAGRAM The value printed with a Plotter Environment OVERLAY DIAGRAM is incorrect For example if a Moment Z diagram is OVERLAYed with a scale factor of 100 0 on the Scope the command PLOT FORMAT SCALE MOMENT Z 50 would scale a reasonable OVERLAY DIAGRAM for the Plotter GPRF 96 19 GT STRUDL 5 1 Introduction Prerelease Features CHAPTER 5 PRERELEASE FEATURES This chapter describes new features that have been added to GTSTRUDL but are classified as prerelease features due to one or more of the following reasons 1 The feature has undergone only limited testing This limited testing produced satisfactory results However more extensive testing is required before the feature will be included as a released feature and documented in the GTSTRUDL User Reference Manual 2 The command formats may change in response to user fe
31. User Reference Manual 5 2 1 Design Prerelease Features GT STRUDL 4 3 Punching Shear Classification The classification of each joint to be checked may be done explicitly or automatically by GTSTRUDL Section 4 3 1 discusses the explicit joint classification and Section 4 3 2 discusses the automatic joint classification 4 3 1 CHORDS FOR PUNCHING SHEAR Command Explicit Joint Classification Simple form CHORDS FOR PUNCHING SHEAR CHORD c JOINT j joint configuration BRACES list ALL END OF CHORD DATA EN K where T GEOMETRY a CROSS DOUBLE Y OVERLAP U 1 joint configuration Vi DIAPHRAGM L v Li V3 L2 Va TW Vs VW Ve 5 2 2 GT STRUDL Design Prerelease Features General form CHORDS FOR PUNCHING SHEAR CHORD c JOINT j list BRACE b LOAD y gt ALL joint configuration ALL BUT list END OF CHORD DATA x E K where T 2 xX CROSS DOUBLE X GEOMETRY Kr T K fi Y K r CROSS PART T r CROSS Y r CROSS joint configuration K r T r CROSS K r Y r CROSS gt el OVERLAP vi DIAPHRAGM L v M L2 Va TW Vs VW Ve 5 2 3 Design Prerelease Features GT STRUDL Elements e integer or alphanumeric id of the member that is designated as a chord member at joint j ji integer or alphanumeric id of the joint for which classification data are specified list
32. Vg and v The positive X axis is directed from the first to the second joint The third joint i or a or Vio Vi and v is used to define the XY plane of the reference system The positive Y axis is directed toward the third joint The Z axis then is determined by the right hand rule Only one reference system can be specified in one command but the command may be used any number of times Modifications of Reference Systems In the changes mode the translations of the origin and or the rotations of the axes of the reference system from those of the overall global system can be changed Only that information supplied in the command is altered The other data that might be supplied in the command remains unchanged The CHANGES mode however does not work for the second option discussed above i e define a reference coordinate system by three joints or the coordinate of three points in space The reason is that data for these joints are not stored permanently in GTSTRUDL When this option is used a reference system is created and its definitions of the system origin rotation angles as well as the transformation matrix between the global coordinate system and the reference system are generated and stored as would be for the first option Therefore if any of the coordinates for the joints used to specify a reference system is changed after the REFERENCE COORDINATE SYSTEM command has been given the definition of the reference system
33. been added to the individual result datasheets write to file Write Results to a file l StressResults txt File name MW Include header Write all data C Write only selected data v View file in Notepad 11 The Anchor Results datasheet now includes options to organize anchor results by anchor or by load as shown in the two examples below Anchor Results Anchor Results Order by Anchor Order by Load Order by Anchor Order by Load 12 The Plate Displacements datasheet now offers two sorting options by Lift off Z displacement or by Depress Z displacement as shown below Plate Displacements Write to file Lift off Depress Units in GT STRUDL Error Corrections CHAPTER 3 ERROR CORRECTIONS This chapter describes changes that have been made to GTSTRUDL to correct errors These errors may have produced aborts incorrect results or restricted use of a feature in previous versions of GTSTRUDL The error corrections are discussed by the primary feature areas of GTSTRUDL 3 1 General 1 Previously when two LIMITS were specified in an ELEVATION command an error message was generated and the ELEVATION command was ignored A single LIMITS specification did not cause a problem A sample error message is shown below ELEVATION 30 0 LIMITS X 0 0 170 0 Z 90 0 0 0 EXCEPT LIMITS X 30 0 110 0 Z 71 50 38 50 VALUE 0 30 ONE WAY X
34. chord joint The automatic classification will define the chords as in the correct case and classify the joint according to the brace loads 5 2 9 Design Prerelease Features GT STRUDL OVERLAP y gap Figure 4 3 1 2 The OVERLAP Parameter JOINT 50 2 3 4 6 7 Figure 4 3 1 3 Example for Automatic Joint Classification 5 2 10 GT STRUDL Design Prerelease Features Table 4 3 1 1 Weld Properties Quantity Symbol Default Value Single Brace Weld L 1 x Brace Diameter Sin O Length where brace chord angle Actual Weld L1 1 x Brace Diameter Sin O Length where brace chord angle Brace Offset L2 0 0 Weld Thickness TW Brace wall thickness Weld Allowable VW 18 0 ksi If several brace members form a K joint conservative results will be obtained from the code check 1f minimum weld properties are specified 5 2 11 Design Prerelease Features GT STRUDL 4 3 2 CHORDS FOR PUNCHING SHEAR AUTOMATIC Command Automatic Joint Classification General form CHORDS FOR PUNCHING SHEAR AUTOMATIC gt APIWSD21 APILRFD1 1 APIWSD20 CLASSIFICATION APIAPR87 APIOCT84 list list JOINTS ALL LOADS gt ALL ALL BUT list ALL BUT list LIST CHORDS joint configuration gt 1 oven 0 Vi DIAPHRAGM joint configuration L v ET iy iov y TW y VW Ne Elements list integer or alphanumeric id of the joint which automatic classification is specified
35. cified for parameter TowerCK transmission tower provisions are checked in addition to the provisions of the AISC ASD9 and AISC13 codes Applicable cross sections are single and double angles The prerelease documentation may be found by selecting the Help menu and then Reference Documentation Reference Manuals Steel Design and Transmission Tower code modifications to AISC codes in the GTSTRUDL Output Window Steel Tables and GTTABLE The following new Metric Tables from AISC Thirteenth Edition have been added to GTSTRUDL WAISCI3M W shapes from Table 1 1 of the AISC 13 Edition MSHP 13M M S and HP shapes from Tables 1 2 1 3 and 1 4 of the AISC 13 Edition CAISC13M Channel C and MC shapes from Tables 1 5 and 1 6 of the AISC 13 Edition L ALL13M Single angles from Table 1 7 of the AISC 13 Edition L EQ 13M Equal leg single angles from Table 1 7 of the AISC 13 Edition L UN 13M Unequal leg single angles from Table 1 7 of the AISC 13 Edition WTAIS13M Tee WT MT and ST shapes from Tables 1 8 1 9 and 1 10 of the AISC 13 Edition ReHSS13M Rectangular and square HSS from Tables 1 11 and 1 12 of the AISC 13 Edition RdHSS13M Round HSS from Table 1 13 of the AISC 13 Edition 2LALL13M Double angles from Table 1 15 of the AISC 13 Edition GT STRUDL New Features 2L EQ13M Equal legs double angles from Table 1 15 of the AISC 13 Edition 2L LL13M Long legs back to back double angles from Table 1 15 of the AISC 13 Edition
36. de for Basic Hydrostatic Pressure and Punching Shear stress checks has been implemented as a prerelease feature This new code APIWSD21 may be used to select or check Circular Hollow Sections Pipes The Prerelease documentation for the APIWSD21 code may be found by selecting the Help menu and then Reference Documentation Reference Manuals Offshore Loading Analysis and Design and APIWSD21 API RP 2A WSD 21 Edition in the GTSTRUDL Output Window Reinforced Concrete The ACI 318 05 reinforced concrete code has been added The command format is METHOD ACI 318 05 SEISMIC The ACI 318 05 code supports all options included with 318 89 including special moment frame detailing according to Chapter 21 if requested The default assumptions for 318 05 are listed in Volume 4 Table 2 4 1 Steel Design The steel design code AISC13 which is based on the Steel Construction Manual AISC Thirteenth Edition is moved to released status The documentation for the AISC13 code may be found by selecting the Help menu and then Reference Documentation Reference Manuals Steel Design AISC13 in the GTSTRUDL Output Window A new ANSI AISC N690 American National Standard Specification for the Design Fabrication and Erection of Steel Safety Related Structures for Nuclear Facilities 1994 Edition has been implemented as a released feature This new code N690 94 may be used to select or check any of the following shapes New Features GT STRUDL Design f
37. ed Rotated load components not computed 54 4 5 4 2 General form i REFERENCE COORDINATE SYSTEM E pre a JOINT 15 ag X v4 Yv Z V 1 i JOINT ay X VA Y vs Z V6 GT STRUDL Reference Coordinate System Command Reference Coordinate System Command ORIGIN X v Y v Z v ROTATION RI v R2 v R3 v3 i JOINT ay X VA Y vs Z Yo Explanation The REFERENCE COORDINATE SYSTEM is a right handed three dimensional Cartesian coordinate system The Reference Coordinate System s origin may be shifted from the origin X 0 0 Y 0 0 Z 0 0 of the overall global coordinate system The Reference Coordinate System axes may also be rotated from the corresponding orthogonal axes of the overall global coordinate system At the present time this command is used to specify additional coordinate systems which may be used in GTMenu see Volume 2 ofthe GTSTRUDL Release Guide to facilitate the creation of the structural model Reference Coordinate systems created using the above command will be available as Local systems in GTMenu In a future release the user will be able to output results such as joint displacements and reactions in a Reference Coordinate System There are two optional means of specifying a Reference Coordinate System 1 Define the origin and rotation of coordinate axes of the reference system with respect to the global coordinate system
38. ed TRACE equal to 4 5 2 17 Design Prerelease Features GT STRUDL produces the default output which summarizes the values for the checks made as well as a limited amount of input information related to each chord APIWSD21 APILRFD1 and APIWSD20 output The default TRACE output for the APIWSD21 and APIWSD20 punching shear check shows the joint and the geometry classification name the partial classification percentages the chord and the brace name the load name SIN ANG the Sin of the angle between the chord and the brace and the chord area the outside diameter and the moment of inertia in the Y direction of the chord the thickness and the section modulus in the Y direction of the chord the brace axial force shear force in the Y direction and the shear force in the Z direction at the chord connection the brace torsional moment and the bending moment in the Y and Z direction at the chord connection the actual punching shear stress due to the brace axial force and the allowable stress the actual punching shear stress due to the brace in plane moment and the allowable stress the actual punching shear stress due to the brace out of plane moment and the allowable stress the actual axial load component perpendicu lar to the chord and the allowable the highest actual allowable ratio and the provision name The output for APIWSD21 APILRFD1 and APIWSD20 Codes is in the active units APIAPR87 and APIOCTS84 output The default TR
39. edback 3 The functionality of the feature may be enhanced in response to user feedback The Prerelease features in Version 30 are subdivided into Design Analysis and General categories The features in these categories are shown below 52 Design Prerelease Features 5 2 1 2 22 5 2 3 5 2 4 5 2 5 5 2 6 EC3 2005 Steel Design Code API Twentieth First Edition steel design code for Basic Hydrostatic Pressure and Punching Shear stress checks LRFD3 Steel Design Code Rather than use the LRFD3 code which is a prerelease feature users should use the AISC13 code which is now a released feature ACI Concrete Code 318 99 Rather than use the 318 99 code which is a prerelease feature users should use the 318 05 code which is now a released feature Rectangular and Circular Concrete Cross Section Tables Design of Flat Plates Based on the Results of Finite Element Analysis The DESIGN SLAB Command 5 1 1 Prerelease Features GT STRUDL 5 3 Analysis Prerelease Features 5 3 1 Calculate Error Estimate Command 5 4 General Prerelease Features 5 4 1 Rotate Load Command 5 4 2 Reference Coordinate System Command 5 4 3 GTMenu Point Coordinates and Line Incidences Commands We encourage you to experiment with these prerelease features and provide us with suggestions to improve these features as well as other GTSTRUDL capabilities 5 1 2 GT STRUDL Design Prerelease Features 5 2 Design Prerelease Features 5 2 1 EC3 2
40. edge support conditions properly for meshes with 2 elements per side Previously some interior nodes would be declared as supports GT STRUDL Error Corrections 2 The Space Frame Wizard now correctly processes the CONRECT table Previously profiles selected from the CONRECT table would generate an invalid MEMBER PROPERTIES command 3 The Vault Rectangular Tank Wizard can now correctly process small element sizes Previously when the size of an element approached a value of 0 25 in the current geometry units element incidence errors could occur along the edges of the tank 3 5 Nonlinear Analysis 1 Nonlinear dynamic analysis does not support the presence of joint constraints in the model as documented in Section 2 6 5 Volume 3 of the Reference Manual However when all joint constraints have been deleted a subsequent request to execute a nonlinear dynamic analysis would report that joint constraints are still present causing the analysis to be terminated without completions The has been corrected so that now under these conditions nonlinear dynamic analysis will execute to completion No GPRF issued 3 6 Offshore 1 In versions prior to and including Version 30 the READ WAVE LOADS FOR FATIGUE NEW command would drop wave joint load components when the wave loads were created bv GTSelos from a mode superposition dvnamic wave load analvsis and during processing both the joint and wave loading names changed simultaneously This er
41. eficiencies have been evaluated and based on our experience they are seldom encountered or there are workarounds The following sections describe the known problems or deficiencies by functional area 4 1 External File Solver 1 When the EXTERNAL FILE SOLVER is active for any sequence of static and or dynamic analyses extra care must be exercised when using ADDITIONS and DELETIONS operations on joints members and finite elements in order to avoid inconsistencies between analysis results stored in the external results files and the topological characteristics of the model such as numbers of joints members finite elements and the order in which they were created and deleted Such inconsistencies can result in erroneous computation of other results such as load combination results and results errors in the reports created by LIST commands LIST DISPLACEMENTS LIST FORCES etc or the display of such results in GTMenu In particular the inconsistencies indicated above will occur when DELETIONS operations followed by ADDITIONS operations are performed between two successive analyses After the second analysis any results computed and stored by the first analysis but prior to the DELETIONS and ADDITIONS operations are erroneous being no longer consistent with the state of the model following the DELETIONS and ADDITIONS operations and the second analysis Such results if used following the DELETIONS and ADDITIONS operations and the second a
42. es 5 3 1 Calculate Error Estimate Command Introduction GT STRUDL 5 4 General Prerelease Features 5 4 1 Rotate Load Command 5 4 2 Reference Coordinate System Command 5 4 3 GTMenu Point Coordinates and Line Incidences Commands We encourage you to experiment with these prerelease features and provide us with suggestions to improve these features as well as other GTSTRUDL capabilities GT STRUDL New Features Chapter 2 New Features in Version 31 This chapter provides you with details regarding new features and enhancements that have been added to many of the functional areas of GTSTRUDL in Version 31 This release guide is also available online upon execution of GTSTRUDL under Help Reference Documentation GT STRUDL Release Guide 2 1 2 2 DBX The WRITE ELEMENTS ATTRIBUTES command now reports the number of elements not included in the generated DBX file due to missing element properties Previously only the total number of complete element attributes written was reported Dynamics The LIST DYNAMIC PARTICIPATION FACTORS Command now has the ability to output the mass participation factors in a tabulated form sorted by mode by one of the global directions or by each one of the global directions By default the output will only show active modes However the user can specify if the output should include all modes The command can also output only totals in each global direction The revised command is described in Sectio
43. f the following shapes Design for bi axial bending and axial forces I shapes Round Bars Channels Square Bars Single Angles Rectangular Bars Tees Plate Girders Double Angles Design for bi axial bending axial and torsional forces Round HSS Pipes Rectangular and Square HSS Structural Tubes The documentation for the LRFD3 code may be found by selecting Help and then Reference Documentation Reference Manuals Steel Design and LRFD3 in the GTSTRUDL Output Window 5 2 23 ACI Code 318 99 GT STRUDL 5 2 4 ACI Code 318 99 Design of beams and columns by the 1999 ACI code has been added Only members designated as TYPE BEAM or TYPE COLUMN in a DESIGN DATA command can be PROPORTIONed when the METHOD is set to ACI3 18 99 When you specify ACI3 18 99 you will be reminded that it is a pre release feature by a message see the Example below Note that CHECK is not available for codes after ACI318 77 including ACI318 99 ACI318 99 ACI318 89 ACI318 83 gt ULTIMATE STRENGTH METHOD ACI318 77 z WORKING STRESS ACI318 63 BSI CP110 72 BSI BS8110 ASTM NONSEISMIC CANADIAN STANDARD BARS SEISMIC UNESCO MODERATE SEISMIC KOREAN STANDARD Example METHOD ACI318 99 INFO MET 318 99 is a pre release feature DESIGN DATA FOR MEMBER 1 TYPE BEAM RECT PROPORTION MEMBER 1 ACTIVE CODE ACI 318 99 the rest of the output is the same format as previous codes 5 2 24 GT ST
44. fied list integer or alphanumeric id of the load which computations for classification is performed For joint configuration elements see Section 4 3 1 Explanation The designations shown in the closed bracket immediately after the CHECK command are the valid code names for the punching shear check Table 4 4 1 lists the available GTSTRUDL punching shear codes The members given in this command refer to those members identified as chords in the CHORDS FOR PUNCHING SHEAR command Section 4 3 The AUTOMATIC option specifying the joints ALL to be classified refers to all joints in the structure not classified by explicit chord identifiers Note that regardless ofthe code identified immediately following the CHECK command the chord brace classification is always as defined by APIWSD21 APILRFDI APIWSD20 APIAPRS7 or APIOCT84 guidelines The default classification is for all loads For efficient computer use you should utilize the LOAD LIST option or the GRPLOAD parameter to limit the loads used for classification and checks The CHECK PUNCHING SHEAR command follows the PARAMETERS command it initiates action on the information previously specified Consistent with other GTSTRUDL design options you will upon successful execution receive the results of the checks made without having to ask for any output specifically The amount and format of this output is dependent upon the parameter TRACE that is active for the CHORD MEMBERS list
45. hown on the next page GT STRUDL mPipe 0 5080 x mPipe 0 5080 x Pipe 0 5080 x BiPipe 0 5080 x MPipe 0 5080 x Pipe 0 5080 x Pipe 0 5080 x mm Pipe 0 5080 x Pipe 0 5080 x Pipe 0 5080 x Pipe 0 6100 x pPipe 0 6600 x 0250 0250 0250 0250 0250 0250 0250 0250 0250 0250 0250 New Features New Features GT STRUDL 9 The Color by Section Legends both the scrolling box and the graphics screen legend have been enhanced to fully display the specifications of a variable section that is the length and type of each segment in current units where applicable are given An example is shown below Property Legend Properties 4 61000 1 0670 x 0220 IM variablePipe 4 Segments Segment Length OD x THI 1 6800 1 0670 x 0290 95600 0 9145 x 0250 6 5100 0 7620 x 0250 2 3720 0 7620 x 0320 IM variablePipe 4 Segments Segment Length OD x THI 1 1 0700 0 7620 x 0190 2 8 1780 0 7620 x 0160 3 90700 9 9145 x 0190 I De at AN 4 1 3700 1 0670 x 0320 A l AN Wie UA QUA s i Ya ARES IM variablePipe 4 Segments Segment Length OD x THI el tk EN 61000 1 0670 x 0220 51600 0 8635 x 0190 10 435 0 6600 x 0160 1 5200 0 6600 x 0250 GT STRUDL New Features 2 5 GISTRUDL Output Window 1 The Deletions dialog Modeling Data Management Deletions has been expanded to include finite elements and groups The new dialog is shown below Delete Components Joint
46. hragm in the chord for CROSS joints configurations L L1 L2 TW VW The input quantities L LI L2 TW and VW describe the weld that connects the brace to the chord member The dimension L is the circumference of the brace contact with the chord neglecting the presence of the overlap L1 and L2 are weld length dimensions shown in the Figure 4 3 1 4 L1 Actual Length of Brace A to Chord Weld Through Brace A il Figure 4 3 1 4 Stiffening Diaphragm 5 2 8 GT STRUDL Design Prerelease Features TW is the weld thickness and VW is the allowable weld stress in force units per square length unit 1 e psi ksi The default values of these weld properties are listed in the table on the next page Welds are assumed as partial to full penetration groove welds Example The correct user input for the K joint configuration in Figure 4 3 1 3 shown as Correct CHORDS FOR PUNCHING SHEAR CHORD JOINT 50 BRACES 2 3 4 CHORD 1 JOINT 50 BRACES 67 CHORD 1 JOINT 50 BRACES 5 8 CHORD 9 JOINT 50 BRACES 2 3 4 CHORD 9 JOINT 50 BRACES 67 CHORD 9 JOINT 50 BRACES 5 8 Incorrect CHORDS FOR PUNCHING SHEAR CHORD JOINT 50 BRACES 2 TO 8 CHORD 9 JOINT 50 BRACES ALL The incorrect coding presumes that all the braces and the chord lie in a common plane and that the braces are all located on the same side of the chord The computation of brace separation distance will include any brace member eccentrici ties specified at the
47. ice mark of the Georgia Tech Research Corporation Atlanta Georgia USA Windows 7e Windows Vista Windows XPe and Windows 20006 are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and or other countries Intel Core 2 Duo and Intel Core 2 Quad are registered trademarks of Intel Corporation in the United States and other countries il Table of Contents Chapter Page NOTICES to EDS 1i DISCLAIMER ksie awot bosta Sibt bo ae be o ii Commercial Software Rights Legend loci dr e p EV x Y e ii Table tof Contents ice i verb A me eb ER P E 111 CHAPTER 1 Introduction icona kedda ita det erede aaah hte Ge ta Pub l 1 CHAPTER 2 NEW FEATURES IN VERSION 31 dde DBA aos e da POL ig a i ta 2 1 2220 CDSDAICS web io E 2 1 2 9 General a ii GPG LG A A e OE Ufa EA 2 3 24 GTM n forages E AA A Vue vg e RIT 2 4 25 GTSTRUDL Output Window bii b dua sd ana aida 2 7 2 6 Model WIZARD OSAERA 2 9 4 NO e OILS THOU NU GIN ds us 2 14 24097 OMSHOrE is Bes Pagans Sloe eae SE ee dats aa ue oodd 2 17 2 9 Reinforced Concrete Design Lin e eke Cue es te as 2 17 2 10 Steel DESIG a au oh dag Calor ne Peed C tu aede UE Y quis 2 17 2 IH Steel Tables ad Gr LT ABLE sitio RES EACUS 2 20 2 12 CI POS ve ewan ag secu E mE Pa DE EA 2 22 2 13 Base Plate Wizard aa h ies e pP PES bu EE dtd ed 2 22 CHAPTER 3 ERROR CORRECTIONS SA General EE TC RERUM RES 3 1 3 2 AS qas ure hd ts Sho oe Delentits 3 3 3 3 GTSTRUDL Output Window
48. ify the steepest gradients in the most critical portions of your model The Difference from Average Method will identify just the steepest non uniform gradients the ones that vary in only a single direction The two percentage methods identify the same type of gradients but do not make any distinction between large and small output values These methods are to be used only if the magnitude of the output is less important than the changes in output The two percentage methods estimate the error as a percent of the average stress However at nodes where there is a change in sign of the stress the average stress becomes very small and often close to zero As aresult the value of the error becomes enormous In order to quantify this error the error at such nodes is given a value of 1 000 percent The final two normalized percentage methods are usually the best at quantifying overall errors in area with peak stress values The results produced by the CALCULATE ERROR ESTIMATE command may also be contoured in GTMenu To produce a contour of the error estimate in GTMenu follow the steps below after performing a STIFFNESS ANALYSIS for a static loading 1 Enter GTMenu 2 Select Results Finite Element Contours and then Energy amp Stress Error Estimates 3 Select the Estimate Method including Value Surface and Stress Component 4 Select the Loading 5 Select Display solid colors or lines to produce a contour of the error estimate 6 Selec
49. integer or alphanumeric id of the members designated as brace members at joint j b integer or alphanumeric id of the member designated as a brace member at joint j list list of integer alphanumeric loading names Yi thegap between the two brace members where they intersect the chord applicable to the K joint configuration only Tj La fractional factor ranging from 0 0 to 1 0 which defines the percentage of different configurations acting at the joint j V5 circumference of brace contact with chord neglecting presence of overlap V3 circumference of that portion of the brace which contacts the chord actual length V4 the projected chord length one side of the overlapping weld measured perpendicular to the chord Vs the lesser of the weld throat thickness or the thickness of the thinner brace Ve AISC allowable shear stress for the weld between braces Default value is 18 0 ksi 5 2 4 GT STRUDL Design Prerelease Features Explanation The user must completely describe the geometry of the braced joints when using the explicit method of joint classification The chord member the chord joint and the brace members framing into the joint must be identified The joints chords and the braces framing into the joints must be identified exactly as specified under JOINT COORDINATES and MEMBER INCIDENCES respectively Normally this information is placed before the PARAMETERS command GEOMET
50. ities Left and right Diagonal braces with eccentricities Knee braces The new bracing dialog is shown below which includes the ability to specify bracing offsets and eccentricities as a fraction of the width of a bay TStrudl ModelWizard 4 1 Plane Frame ModelWizard No bracing C Variable set bracing by bay fractional c pr E fe 0 25 C Chevron All bays Diagonal All bays I Eccentric Iv Eccentric C Knee All Bays s A ja i GI The Variable option shown in the above dialog can be used to specifv bracing bv bav In addition different properties can be specified for the link beams when eccentric braces are used Examples of these new bracing tvpes are shown on the next two pages New Features GT STRUDL Di l All b i Chevron All bays iagonal ays Chevron All b 1 y G Ta f ome Joa C Centered Offset M JV Left Eccentric 10 2 Fiiss a D2 Inverted Eccentric 10 25 I Right Eccentric 0 2 12 GT STRUDL New Features Diagonal All bays Knee All Bays V Let Eccentic 10 2 Iv AB A 02 B 02 W Right Eccentric 0 MCD c 04 D 10 4 New Features GT STRUDL 2 7 Nonlinear Support for nonlinear geometric behavior has been implemented for the SBHQ SBHQ6 SBHT and SBHT6 plate finite elements The nonlinear geometric behavior capability is designated for these elements by the NONLINEAR EF
51. ition 1 Rotate all joint loads including applied joint support displacements 2 Rotate all member force and moment loads defined with respect to the global coordinate system Member force and moment loads defined with respect to the member local coordinate system are simply copied without rotation 3 Rotate all element force loads defined with respect to the global coordinate system Element force loads defined with respect to any applicable local or planar coordinate systems are copied without rotation 4 All other types of loads such as member temperature loads member distortions joint temperatures etc are copied without changes 5 4 2 GT STRUDL ROTATE LOAD Command Examples 1 UNITS DEGREES LOADING 2 ROTATED LOADING MEMBER DISTORTIONS 1 TO 10 UNIFORM FR LA 0 0 LB 1 0 DISPL X 0 001 ROTATE LOADING 1 ANGLES TI 45 0 The applied loads from previously defined loading 1 will be processed according to Steps 1 to 4 above and copied into the new destination loading 2 which includes the specified member distortion loads applied to members 1 to 10 2 UNITS DEGREES CHANGES LOADING 3 ADDITIONS ROTATE LOAD 4 ANGLES T2 30 0 Previously defined loading 3 is specified in CHANGES mode followed by a return to ADDITIONS mode The ROTATE LOAD command is then given to add the components of load 4 including appropriate rotations to loading 3 Error Messages Incorrect data given inthe ROTATE LOADING command will cause the
52. list integer or alphanumeric id of the load which computations for classifica tion is performed For joint configuration elements see Section 4 3 1 Volume 8 of the GTSTRUDL User Reference Manual 5 2 12 GT STRUDL Design Prerelease Features Explanation The automatic classification option will automatically identify the chords framing into the joints given in the list and will classify the joint according to the brace loads for each active load according to API RP 2A LRFD 1 2A WSD 21 20 17 or 15 Edition External loads are ignored thus producing the effect of shear in the chords The chords at a joint are identified and defined according to the following criteria e The largest continuous diameter member pair framing into a joint independent of wall thickness or e Ifseveral members of the same size frame into a common joint the member that has the greatest wall thickness Ifall members are of the same diameter and wall thickness or the chord cannot be determined because more than one chord could exist by the preceding then a warning message instructing the user to classify the joint using the explicit CHORD command No check is performed for this joint Under all circumstances if the chord is made up of the ends of two connecting members of equal diameter making the chord continuous through the joint i e two members form the chord one from the left and one from the right they must lie on the same
53. lus of elasticity for concrete 8 5 1 33 WC EU Ult strain in concrete at extreme comp fiber 10 2 3 0 003 5 2 25 ACI Code 318 99 GT STRUDL Notes 1 The constant DENSITY is the GTSTRUDL constant of the same name which has been set to a value of 150 pcf for reinforced concrete 2 VU is multiplied bv PHISH internallv 3 Calculations for V and T are modified by replacing with RESP 6 7 JE as per Section 11 2 1 1 4 The assumed value of FSC is also limited to 30 000 psi maximum 5 This value is defined only at the time of stirrup design 5 2 26 GT STRUDL Rectangular and Circular Concrete Cross Section Tables 5 2 5 Rectangular and Circular Concrete Cross Section Tables New tables have been added for rectangular and circular concrete cross sections The new table for rectangular sections is called CONRECT and the new table for circular sections is called CONCIR These tables are added to facilitate the modeling and analysis of concrete cross sections but may not be used in the design of concrete cross sections In order to design concrete sections the MEMBER DIMENSION command must be used see Section 2 5 of Volume 4 of the GTSTRUDL User Reference Manual The profiles in the CONCIR table are shown below where the name CIRxx indicates a circular cross section and xx is the diameter in inches Thus CIR12 is a 12 inch diameter circular cross section The profiles in the CONRECT table are shown below where the
54. mand are limited to a maximum of 8 characters You can then create a table conversion file which must contain the long profile name maximum of 24 characters and it s short profile name maximum of 8 characters equivalent which had been specified in the ADD ITEMS command See lt installation_folder gt Table Conversion Files User README txt for more help Utility Programs GTS2ACAD GTSTRUDL to AutoCAD has been upgraded to version 4 2 Two dimensional elements with mid side nodes are now processed Previously the translation would not include those elements with an error message Element not yet implemented will be ignored Elements with mid side nodes now processed are Triangles LST UTLQ1 Quads IPQQ IPCQ IPQLQI IPQLQ2 IPQLQ2B IPQLQ3 IPQLQA IPBQQ ReadCIS2 and WriteCIS2 have been upgraded to version 2 0 with the addition of the following tables AISC 13 Edition 2005 AISC 13 Edition 2005 Metric and LRFD 3 Edition The window size and placement of the Scope Editor is now saved and used the next time it is opened Also the Paragraph font is maintained when the Paragraph is edited Base Plate The Metric unit of Millimeters has been added to the Plate tab as shown below Units Inches C Millimeters GT STRUDL New Features 2 The Attachment placement offset can now be specified from the plate origin as well as the plate center in the Attachment dialog shown below Attachment Offset in inche
55. n 2 4 6 4 of Volume 3 of the Reference Manuals The ACTIVE INACTIVE MODES Command has been enhanced to automatically Activate Inactivate modes according to minimum target of mass participation factors given for each global direction The revised command is described in Section 2 4 5 6 of Volume 3 of the Reference Manuals An example of output using the revised LIST DYNAMIC PARTICIPATION FACTORS and ACTIVE INACTIVE MODES commands is shown below New Features EACH ALL 535 gt LIST DYNAMIC PARTICIPATION FACTORS ORDER BY Ckckckck ckck ck k kk k Ckckckckck kck ck ck kk kk RESULTS OF LATEST ANALYSES Ckckckck ckck ck k kk k PROBLEM ACTIVE UNITS Ckckckck ckck ck k kk k x MASS PART ES ALL Ckckckckck kckckck kk kk TITLE NONE GIVEN FEET KIP DEG DEGF SEC CkCckckckck ckck ckckckck ck ck kck kck kk ICIPATION FACTORS i MODES SHOWN Ckckckck ckck ck k kk k Ck Cckckckckckck kckckck ck ck kck KK kk ck ORDER IN EACH GLOBAL DIRECTION Order By X mass Mode X mass 3 83 408910 8 0 247280 9 0 000000 10 0 000000 7 0 000000 6 0 000000 2 0 000000 4 0 000000 5 0 000000 T 0 000000 Total Actives 536 gt o Order By Y mass Cum Sum Mode Y mass Cum Sum 83 408910 9 0 000000 0 83 656191 10 0 000000 0 83 656191 8 0 000000 0 83 656191 7 0 000000 0 83 656191 6 0 0000
56. nalysis will produce erroneous reports and graphical results displays Consider the following sequence of commands ACTIVE SOLVER GTSES Turns on the GTSES solver for all analyses with analysis results stored in external files create model LOAD LIST 1 STIFFNESS ANALYSIS Known Deficiencies GT STRUDL perform DELETIONS then ADDITIONS of joints members finite elements LOAD LIST 2 STIFFNESS ANALYSIS CREATE LOAD COMBINATION LCI SPECS 1 1 02 1 0 Note that the analysis results stored in the external files for loading 1 are inconsistent with the state of the model following the second stiffness analysis and are erroneous Therefore the results computed for load combination LCI by the above CREATE LOAD COMBINATION command are erroneous The best procedure to follow in order to ensure the calculation of consistent and correct results under the conditions described above is to create the model in full prior the first analysis ADDITIONS and DELETIONS operations on joints members and finite elements may be safely used in any order at that time If any joints members and finite elements must be added and deleted between any two successive analyses the ACTIVE and INACTIVE functions can be used to do this safely The following sequence of commands produces and maintains consistent and correct analysis results ACTIVE SOLVER GTSES Turns on the GTSES solver for all analyses with analysis results stored in external files
57. name RECY Y XZZ indicates a rectangular cross section with a width of YY inches and a depth of ZZ inches CIR12 CIR24 CIR14 CIR26 CIR16 CIR28 CIR18 CIR30 CIR20 CIR32 CIR22 CIR34 CIR36 Thus REC16X24 is 16 inch wide and 24 inch deep rectangular cross section REC6X12 REC8X12 REC10X12 REC12X12 REC14X12 REC16X12 REC6X14 REC8X14 REC10X14 REC12X14 REC14X14 REC16X14 REC6X16 REC8X16 REC10X16 REC12X16 REC14X16 REC16X16 REC6X18 REC8X18 REC10X18 REC12X18 REC14X18 REC16X18 REC6X20 REC8X20 REC10X20 REC12X20 REC14X20 REC16X20 REC6X22 REC8X22 REC10X22 REC12X22 REC14X22 REC16X22 REC6X24 REC8X24 REC10X24 REC12X24 REC14X24 REC16X24 REC6X26 REC8X26 REC10X26 REC12X26 REC14X26 REC16X26 REC6X28 REC8X28 REC10X28 REC12X28 REC14X28 REC16X28 REC6X30 REC8X30 REC10X30 REC12X30 REC14X30 REC16X30 REC6X32 REC8X32 REC10X32 REC12X32 REC14X32 REC16X32 REC6X34 REC8X34 REC10X34 REC12X34 REC14X34 REC16X34 REC6X36 REC8X36 REC10X36 REC12X36 REC14X36 REC16X36 52 27 REC18X12 REC18X14 REC18X16 REC18X18 REC18X20 REC18X22 REC18X24 REC18X26 REC18X28 REC18X30 REC18X32 REC18X34 REC18X36 REC30X12 REC30X14 REC30X16 REC30X18 REC30X20 REC30X22 REC30X24 REC30X26 REC30X28 REC30X30 REC30X32 REC30X34 REC30X36 REC20X12 REC20X14 REC20X16 REC20X18 REC20X20 REC20X22 REC20X24 REC20X26 REC20X28 REC20X30 REC20X32 REC20X34 REC20X36 REC32X12 REC32X14 REC32X16 REC32X18 REC32X20 REC32X22 REC32X24 REC32X26 REC32X28 REC32X30 REC32X32 REC32X34 REC32X36
58. nce from Average Method MAX Value Value Value Value Max Avg Min Avg Percent Maximum Difference Method Valuemax Valuemin lt 100 Value v Percent Difference from Average Method gt MAX Value pas Value Valuemin ValueA x 100 Value yg Normalized Percent Maximum Difference Valuemax Valuemin x 100 Value vectorMax Normalized Percent Difference from Average Method MAX Valueyax ValueA Valuemin Value Avg x 100 Value VectorMax In each of these calculations the Min Max and Avg values refer to the minimum maximum and average output values at the node The Vector Max values refer to the maximum value for all nodes in the output vector All error estimates are either zero or positive since all use the absolute value of the various factors 5 3 3 Analysis Prerelease Features GT STRUDL The choice of an appropriate error estimation method largely depends on the conditions in the model As many error estimates as required may be calculated In general the Max Difference method is good at pointing out the largest gradients in the portions of your model with the largest output values The Difference from Average Method will also identify areas with the largest output values In this case however areas where only one or a few values are significantly different will be accentuated The Max Difference method will ident
59. nd of the cut and by an element in the plane of the cut Once the definition of the cut has been determined the resultant forces along the cut are computed using either moment resultants otherwise known as the Wood and Armer method or element force results using the CALCULATE RESULTANT command as described in Section 2 3 7 3 of Volume 3 of the GTSTRUDL User Reference Manual The final design moment is determined by computing the resultant moment acting on the cut for each loading condition and reducing these moments to a design envelope Once the design envelope is computed the cross section is designed according to ACI 318 05 either using default design parameter or with certain user specified design parameters such as the bar size or spacing An important distinction is to note that each cut is designed independently from all other cuts That is a cut specified in one region is independent with respect to a design in another region As such if the user wishes to use the same bar size over multiple adjacent cuts this information must be specified for each cut 5 2 29 The DESIGN SLAB Command GT STRUDL The form of the command is as follows where DESIGN SLAB REINFORCEMENT USING gt AVERAGE a CALCULATE RESULTANT ELEMENT FORCES WOOD AND ARMER ALONG a cur 21 NTS ist ELEMENT list TABLE 1M CUT D opgs list ELE ist TABLE UNESCO TOP FACE BARS i SPACING v B
60. now assume COUTPUT standard if an invalid file name is specified An invalid file name can be due to illegal characters in the name or restrictive permissions on the folder where the file is attempting to open GTMenu The Split Member option now allows a member list to be built using all settings in the Mode Bar Previously only the Hit and List modes were available When entering GTMenu the structure is now drawn only once For large models multiple drawings of the structure slowed down the entry into GTMenu A Current Group must now be selected before Current Group options are made active A message is now given when Check Model results are written to a file The efficiency of Color by Section has been improved for large models The cursor now displays as an hourglass when the structure is being redrawn When entering GTMenu from command mode with members which have pipe properties the property group for a pipe section is now named according to the PIPE dimensions Outer Diameter x THIckness The name is generated in inches if the units are English and the name is generated in millimeters if the units are Metric Also for the Display Model Section Names a pipe descriptor will be used such as 10x1 0 for a pipe with a 10 inch OD and a 1 0 inch wall thickness The Display Model Color by Section will use the same descriptor Examples of the output from Display Model Section Names and Color by Section using the new pipe descriptor are s
61. of the Reference System FLOOR2 defined in a above The rotation RI 30 remains unchanged e DELETIONS REFERENCE SYSTEM 2 ADDITIONS The above command deletes Reference System 2 5 4 7 General Prerelease Features GT STRUDL 5 4 2 1 Printing Reference Coordinate System Command General form gt ALL PRINT REFERENCE COORDINATE SYSTEM i A PE iS Explanation The PRINT REFERENCE COORDINATE SYSTEM command will output the Reference Systems The origin and rotation angles will be output 5 4 8 GT STRUDL GTMenu Point and Line Incidences Commands 5 4 5 GTMenu Point and Line Incidences Commands GTMenu can now write construction geometry commands to an input file which can be read later into GTSTRUDL in order to initialize the construction geometry of GTMenu The two commands written are GTMenu POINT COORDINATES and GTMenu LINE INCIDENCES 1 GTMenu POINT COORDINATES General Form GTMenu POINT COORDINATES coordinate specs e i coordinate specs a Elements coordinate specs X vi Y v Z v Where PA EN l unsigned integer Point identifiers ay a a 1 to 8 character alphanumeric Point identifiers Vis V5 V Cartesian Point coordinates integer or real 5 4 9 Analysis Prerelease Features GT STRUDL 2 GTMenu LINE INCIDENCES General Form GTMenu LINE INCIDENCES i tvpe incidence specs ay type incidence specs Elements gt LINE POLYNOMINAL
62. of the orientation of the cut with respect to the directions of principal bending the user should investigate the behavior in the finite element results section of GTMENU 5 2 33 The DESIGN SLAB Command GT STRUDL Usage Example Description of Example Structure The example structure is a rectangular slab system shown in Figure 5 2 5 1 The clear span of the structure is thirty feet and the slab strip has a width of ten feet The two ends of the slab are fully fixed while the thirty foot sides are free resembling a fixed fixed beam The slab is one foot thick and constructed of normal strength concrete with FCP 4000 psi The example structure can be idealized as a subset ofa larger slab system perhaps the design strip running between two column faces in an interior region The structure is loaded with a distributed surface pressure of 150 psf over the entire surface of the slab BA p PS TRI Rd se VN xS KS d gt x 2 RI V bS ks lt b gt eA P RI ao pS 10 Sj n b d D Y gt O eA fel pS KS e Se po ki ka eA IX KS N Figure 5 2 5 1 Example Flat Plate Structure PLAN 5 2 34 GT STRUDL DESIGN SLAB Command GT STRUDL Finite Element Model The example structure was modeled in GT STRUDL using PLATE BENDING finite elements The BPHQ element was utilized and the configuration modeled corresponded to a mesh of ten elements by thirty elements The model contained 300 finite elements and 34
63. ommand uses 5 2 32 GT STRUDL DESIGN SLAB Command Only elements known to appropriately model the behavior of slab systems are included in the computation of design forces For a flat plate system only plate bending and plate elements are used Thus if the user models the system using plane stress plane strain elements and then issues the DESIGN SLAB command a warning message is output and the command is ignored Plate bending elements supported include the BPHT BPR BPHQ CPT and IPBQQ finite elements General plate elements supported include the SBCT SBCR SBHQ SBHQCSH SBHT SBHT6 and SBHQ6 finite elements Usage Studies have shown that the CALCULATE RESULTANT ELEMENT FORCE option of the DESIGN SLAB command is only applicable in regions where the cut orientation is generally orthogonal to the directions of principle bending If the geometry of a region dictates that a cut be oriented non orthogonally to the principal bending directions a significant torsional effect may occur In this case the Wood and Armer method must be employed due to its ability to correctly compute the ultimate moment in a strong torsion field In the DESIGN SLAB command the user is warned if the element force implementa tion computes a resultant torsion greater than 10 of the resultant bending moment on a particular cross section The user may modify the torsion warning threshold via the modifiers TORSIONAL MOMENT WARNING If there is any question
64. on solver shall be used for the execution of the nonlinear analysis steps of the cable prestress analysis procedure The PERFORM CABLE PRESTRESS ANALYSIS command also uses the GTSES solver when the ACTIVE SOLVER GTSES command New Features GT STRUDL Section 2 1 1 13 4 Volume 1 is given prior to the PERFORM CABLE PRESTRESS ANALYSIS command 4 Nonlinear analysis has been extended to support the GTSES sparse equation solver The GTSES solver is executed for nonlinear static analysis when the NONLINEAR ANALYSIS GTSES command is given or when the ACTIVE SOLVER GTSES GT64M command is given prior to any NONLINEAR ANALYSIS commands When nonlinear analysis uses the GTSES solver it also stores the analysis results into files rather than in memory The GTSES solver in conjunction with the storage of results in files provides nonlinear static analysis with the ability to solve significantly larger problems with much greater speed and efficiency An example of the performance improvement using the GTSES solver is shown below Industrial Building Model of joints 2900 of members 6300 of active loads 73 of DOFs 18000 Time for nonlinear analysis GTSES 14 0 min Average Time Loading 11 5 sec Time for nonlinear analysis Standard V30 240 0 min Average Time Loading 197 0 sec GT STRUDL New Features 2 8 29 2 10 Offshore A new API Recommended Practice 2A WSD RP 2A WSD Twenty First Edition steel design co
65. only the first 10 lines of the buffer are now displayed for verification Previously all lines in the Paste buffer were displayed which could result in a dialog where the Yes and No buttons were off the screen for very large Paste buffers An example of the new pop up dialog that appears when pasting into the GTSTRUDL Output Window is shown below F 173 commands in Paste buffer Execute these commands More than 10 commands were in the Paste buffer The first 10 commands are displayed below For verification YES will execute all commands in the Paste buffer UNITS MET KNEW DEG CENTIG JOINT COORDINATES GLOBAL 1 8 3619957E 00 8 9999952E 00 0 0000000E 00 2 8 3619957E 00 8 9999952E 00 0 0000000E 00 8 3619957E 00 8 9999952E 00 2 2362989E 01 8 3619957E 00 8 9999952E 00 2 2362989E 01 8 3619957E 00 8 9999952E 00 1 2389567E 01 8 3619957E 00 8 9999952E400 9 9915094E 00 8 3619957E 00 8 9999952E 00 1 2381493E 01 8 3619957E 00 8 9999952E 00 9 9814949E 00 No GT STRUDL New Features 2 6 Model Wizard The Continuous Beam Wizard has been enhanced to include a Moving Load page and an Automatic Load Combination page In addition the default support condition at X 0 0 will be pinned instead of fixed Examples of the new dialogs are shown below Continuous Beam ModelWizard Continuous Beam ModelWizard v Include a Moving Load Load Direction Y C X e v Combine Moving Load with other loadings 3 ES Number of stops
66. or axial force and bi axial bending I shapes Channels Single Angles Tees Double Angles Round Bars Pipes Square and Rectangular Bars Structural Tubing The documentation for the N690 94 code may be found by selecting the Help menu and then Reference Documentation Reference Manuals Steel Design and N690 94 in the GTSTRUDL Output Window 3 New ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Section III Rules for Construction of Nuclear Power Plant Components Division I Subsection NF Component Supports 2004 and 2007 Editions with their respective addenda have been implemented as released features These new codes NF 2004 and NF 2007 may be used to select or check any of the following shapes Design for axial force and bi axial bending I shapes Channels Single Angles Tees Double Angles Round Bars Pipes Square and Rectangular Bars Structural Tubing GT STRUDL New Features The documentation for the NF 2004 and NF 2007 codes may be found by selecting the Help menu and then Reference Documentation Reference Manuals Steel Design and NF 2004 and NF 2007 in the GTSTRUDL Output Window 4 Results of a steel code check or select using the MAXIMUM ENVELOPE option of the CHECK and SELECT commands are now available in the code check results datasheet the view code check results in GTMenu and the LIST CODE CHECK RESULTS command 5 A new feature has been added to the steel design CHECK and SELECT commands to check the u
67. ow all 8 characters are labeled 6 Previously if members which had Parameters were split an abort could occur when creating an input file This no longer occurs 7 When splitting members Undo now undoes all of the splits since the last Store Previously only the very last member that was split would be undone 8 An abort will no longer occur when splitting members and you select No in response to the following question in the pop up dialog Some of the Split Members Are Loaded Do You Want to Keep the Loads 9 When entering GTMenu the structure is now drawn only once For large models this previously slowed down the entry into GTMenu 10 GTMenu no longer aborts when exiting GTMenu and returning to command mode after displaying temperature loads on members which have been created by performing a Copy Model 11 An abort will no longer occur when refining a finite element mesh if the elements have joint temperature loads 12 The Material Group is now retained when refining a finite element mesh 13 An abort no longer occurs when entering GTMenu with models which contain superelements which consist only of members with more than 21 boundary nodes in the superelement Error Corrections GT STRUDL 14 15 16 17 18 3 3 3 4 Plastic hinge results are no longer reversed at the ends of some members Points may now be defined in command mode without Lines Curves They may also be defined in clusters in
68. ping joints 5 2 5 Design Prerelease Features GT STRUDL 50 Kand 50 T amp Y Figure 4 3 1 1Examples of Joint Classification 5 2 6 GT STRUDL Design Prerelease Features A value of 0 indicates the K geometry with a gap An integer 0 initiates a computation of the minimum brace separation distance based on the input chord brace geometry When explicit classification is used and the chord data are input with the general form the value 0 may not be input Brace separation values can be input directly by the user entering a positive decimal number Negative decimal values will result in the joint configuration being treated as overlapped The procedure used by GTSTRUDL to compute the minimum brace separation distance assumes that all brace members and the chord member lie in the same plane For automatic classification the default tolerance for braces considered in one plane is 10 degrees by default Furthermore the braces are assumed to lie on the same side of the chord Therefore if you choose to let the system determine the overlap status of a joint and you are classifying joints explicitly be certain to group the brace list so that the above criteria are met The following items describe the specific implications that various OVERLAP option values have on the gap factor Q which is computed only when the punching shear check is based on the APIWSD21 code 1 When an exact value 1 default is specified for the OVERLA
69. plus an error message stating that FINAL was not processed Now only the final summary with the max and min for all members in the list is printed No GPRF issued The abort ofthe FORM NOTIONAL LOAD command caused by a specified gravity loading condition that contains only applied member moment loads has been corrected GPRF 2009 03 The LOCATE DUPLICATE MEMBER command now correctly reports duplicate members after member deletions Previously under some circumstances the report could contain incorrect duplicate names GPRF 2009 06 The QUERY command previously included rigid bodies in the Members count as well as the Rigid Bodies count Now rigid bodies are included only in the Rigid Bodies count No GPRF issued GT STRUDL GT STRUDL Error Corrections 3 2 GTMenu GPRF s are not issued for GTMenu unless specifically noted below 1 In GTMenu EXTRUDE using the ID increments option no longer aborts when vou click Done 2 Nonlinear springs no longer cause GTMenu to abort when you have selected Weight and Center of Gravity in the Check Model dialog The nonlinear springs are now ignored when calculating the weight and center of gravity 3 The global axis used to be drawn twice and at different locations after creating an input file This no longer occurs 4 An abort no longer occurs when displaying Parameters for models which contain rigid bodies de Previously only 6 characters of a Parameter value were labeled N
70. remains unchanged For this reason care must be taken in using the three joints option in conjunction with the changes of joint coordinates The reference system should be deleted first if any of the coordinates of the joints used to define the reference system are to be changed Under the DELETIONS mode the complete definition of the reference coordinate system is destroyed 5 4 6 GT STRUDL Reference Coordinate System Command Examples a UNITS DEGREES REFERENCE COORDINATE SYSTEM FLOOR ORIGIN 0 0 15 0 0 0 R1 30 This command creates a Reference Coordinate System called FLOOR2 at Y 15 with the axes rotated 30 degrees about global Z b REFCOOI X 120 Y 120 Z 120 X 120 Y 240 Z 0 X 120 Y 120 Z 0 This command creates Reference Coordinate System 1 with its origin at 120 120 120 and its X axis from this origin to 120 240 0 and its Y axis is the plane defined by the two previous coordinates and the third coordinate 120 120 0 with the positive Y axis directed toward the third coordinate c REFERENCE COORDINATE SYSTEM 2 JOINT 10 JOINT 20 JOINT 25 This command creates Reference Coordinate System 2 with its origin located at Joint 10 and its X axis directed from Joint 10 toward Joint 20 The XY plane is defined by Joints 10 20 and 25 with the positive Y axis directed toward Joint 25 d CHANGES REFERENCE COORDINATE SYSTEM FLOOR ORIGIN 10 20 30 ADDITIONS The above commands change the origin
71. ressive strength yield strength cover and spacing are checked against ACI minimum maximum values as specified in ACI 318 02 The thickness of the cross section is determined internally based on the modeled thickness of the user specified element With respect to the interpretation of results top always refers to the face of the slab on the Z PLANAR side of the element and bottom always refers to the face of the slab on the Z PLANAR side of the element Positive bending refers to bending that produces tension on the bottom face of the slab and compression on the top face as defined previously Negative bending produces tension on the top face and compression on the bottom face as defined previously Requirements The MATERIAL REINFORCED CONCRETE command must be specified before the DESIGN SLAB The MATERIAL REINFORCED CONCRETE command initializes the RC capabilities of GT STRUDL and sets the relevant material and design quantities to their default values for design At this point the user can issue the CONSTANTS command to modify any material properties to be used in the design The default values are ECU 0 003 ES 29 000 000 psi FCP 4000 psi FY 60 000 psi PHIFL 0 9 The STIFFNESS command must be issued prior to the DESIGN SLAB command The STIFFNESS command solves the global equilibrium equation and computes the quantities required for the determination of the bending moments that the DESIGN SLAB c
72. ror has been corrected No GPRF issued 2 The quality and consistency of the convergence of fatigue analysis load dependent Local Joint Flexibility LJF iterations has been improved In Version 30 which is the first version in which the fatigue LJF analysis appeared the load dependent LJF iterations do not consistently converge to the expected load dependent LJF member stiffnesses when such stiffnesses do not change between the fatigue loads for which the fatigue analysis is executed No GPRF issued Error Corrections GT STRUDL 3 7 Reinforced Concrete 1 Afterthe MATERIAL REINFORCED CONCRETE command is given and when the constant E is specified for a list of members the reinforced concrete constant EC will be set to the same value for all the members in the list Previously EC was set to the new E value for only the last member in the list GPRF 2009 04 3 8 Utility Program Scope Editor GPRF s are not issued for Utility Programs unless specifically noted below 1 Discs and Circles representing joints and points handling has been improved They are now scaled accurately instead of being a fixed size 2 Centering graphics from the Dynamic dialog plots now works properly on all computers Previously some computers especially 64 bit computers would not display the diagrams GT STRUDL Known Deficiencies CHAPTER 4 KNOWN DEFICIENCIES This chapter describes known problems or deficiencies in Version 31 These d
73. s From center of Base Plate C From Base Plate origin lower left comer A 0 0 In oo In 3 Attachments modeled as FE extensions may be loaded at the extension end or at the plate surface This feature was added at the request of users since results from a frame analysis are usually output at the top of the base plate s surface The modified Add Attachment dialog with the new option to Apply loadings at the end of attachment or the base plate surface is shown below Modeling Method As Rigid Footprint As 2D elements Length 6 0 In Apply loadings at end of attachment C base plate surface 4 Comments in the generated gti file have been expanded 3 The Base Plate Wizard now prompts to save a gtbp file if changes to the plate have been made 6 Current unit display has been added to dialogs that previously only had a bare edit box Current units display has also been added to the results datasheets T The AISC 9 Edition metric profile names have been added as available attachments 8 When a gtbp file is read or saved its name is added to the Base Plate Wizard window title and the file name is used as the default gti file in the GTSTRUDL Input File options dialog New Features GT STRUDL 9 An Include load data option has been added to the Results Summary dialog as shown below V Include plate geometry summary Include load data v View in Notepad 10 A Write to File option has
74. s All data for Joint Releases selected Joints Joint Support Status Members Member Properties All data for Member Releases selected Members oe Member Eccentricities Member End Sizes Elements All data for Element properties selected Elements Groups r All data for selected Groups Loadings Static Loading Conditions all data 7 Dynamic Loading Conditions all data Help Cancel 2 In the Area Load dialog Individual buttons for One wav X and One wav Z have been added The Custom option is the old method where the user was required to enter at least one value in the X or Z box Both the Standard load settings in the Elevation dialog and the Edit loading dialog shown below use the new method Note The direction labels X and Z are appropriate for loadings perpendicular to global Y If a different loading axis is chosen the direction labels will be changed appropriately Edit loading for selected areas Distribution T istribution Type C x C Two way C One way e C Custom X i ze Load value 50 Pounds Feet 2 Cancel Help New Features GT STRUDL 3 The All option has been removed from the File gt Save menu The AII option activated the first three Save options only which was confusing to some users Now click on each option separately if more than one type of Save is desired 4 In the GTSTRUDL Output Window Text Mode when the Paste buffer is more than 10 lines
75. s at node 176 The elements along Cut 2 2 are elements 141 150 on one side and 151 160 on the other side The command given for Cut 2 2 Case 1 is DESIGN SLAB WOOD AND ARMER JOI 166 176 ELE 141 TABLE UNESCO BOTTOM SPACING 10 OUTER LAYER In this case the user requests that a slab cross section beginning at node 166 ending at node 176 and in the plane of element 141 be reinforced according to the average effect produced by the Wood and Armer method The user has specified that UNESCO metric reinforcing bars are to be used The bottom reinforcement spacing has been constrained to 10 inches and the reinforcement to be designed is located in the outer layer The results of the DESIGN SLAB command are shown in the following table Calculation Moment Strength Moment Required L fe n par DESIGN SLAB 2 864 1664920 7 671358 2 5 2 37 The DESIGN SLAB Command GT STRUDL The GTSTRUDL output for this example is as follows FLAT PLATE SLAB DESIGN BASED ON THE RESULTS OF FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS PROBLEM VFE103 TITLE DESIGN SLAB VERIFICATION VERIFY DESIGN CALCULATIONS RELEVANT ACTIVE UNITS INCH LB NUMBER OF ACTIVE LOADINGS l REINFORCEMENT ORIENTATION PERPENDICULAR TO A CUT BEGINNING AT NODE 166 AND TERMINATING AT NODE 176 AND IN THE PLANE OF ELEMENT 141 WOOD amp ARMER IMPLEMENTATION Design using average result acting on section DESIGN MOMENT ENVELOPE NEGATIVE MOMENT 0 00 DUE TO LOAD 15
76. s is particularly true for self weight loads buoyancy loads etc 5 4 1 General Prerelease Features GT STRUDL The ROTATE LOADING command is used to take the global applied loading components from an existing loading condition rotate them through a set of rotation angles and copy the new rotated global components to a new or modified different destination loading condition The existing independent loading condition the ROTATE load from which the rotated global load components are computed is specified by the loading name ip ap The angles of rotation are specified by the values r rj r4 These rotation angles are defined according to the same conventions as those that define the local support release directions in the JOINT RELEASE command described in Section 2 1 7 2 Volume 1 of the GTSTRUDL User Reference Manual and illustrated in Figure 2 1 7 1 The ROTATE LOADING command is always used in conjunction with one of the following loading definition commands LOADING DEAD LOAD and FORM LOAD These commands will define the name and title of a new or existing destination loading condition into which the ROTATE LOADING results are copied The ROTATE LOADING command may be given with any additional applied loading commands such as JOINT LOADS MEMBER LOADS ELEMENT LOADS etc Taking the specified loading iy az the ROTATE LOADING command performs the following operations and copies the results into the destination loading cond
77. ser specified parameters to see if they are valid for the requested design code i e AISC13 ASD9 EC3 2005 N690 94 NF 2007 etc This new feature has been implemented due to anticipating that a user may take an existing model based on the ASD9 code and now modifying the model to perform a code check based on the AISC13 code This new feature starts checking user specified parameters for the requested code at the beginning of the CHECK or SELECT command If there are any user specified parameters that do not apply to the specified design code a warning message with a list of parameters that are not applicable is printed 6 A new Eurocode 3 EN 1993 1 1 2005 E steel design code has been implemented as a prerelease feature This new code EC3 2005 may be used to select or check any of the following shapes Design for axial force and bi axial bending I shapes Circular Hollow Sections Pipes Rectangular Hollow Sections Structural Tube Solid Round Bars Design for axial force only Single Angles Double Angles The prerelease documentation for the EC3 2005 code may be found by selecting the Help menu and then Reference Documentation Reference Manuals Steel Design and EC3 2005 in the GTSTRUDL Output Window New Features GT STRUDL 2 11 A new option has been added to ASD9 and AISC13 codes to check the slenderness ratio and compute the number of bolts according to the transmission tower code When a value of YES has been spe
78. stress norm is obtained by using the shape functions used for displacements thus o o NT N 0 o ao e Q le where N is the shape functions used for the assumed displacement field of the element 5 3 1 Analysis Prerelease Features GT STRUDL The stress norm uses the average stresses and is given by 1 2 T T let ffe NT N o a0 Q The relative percentage error which is output for each element is given by leol o leol 7 x 100 The nodal error estimates estimate the accuracy of the data in a selected nodal output vector Six nodal error estimation methods are available Maximum Difference Difference from Average Percent Maximum Difference Percent Difference from Average Normalized Percent Maximum Difference Normalized percent Difference from Average These error estimates look at the variations in stresses at the nodes An error estimate of nodal output data will be based on the gradients that data produces in each element That is how the data varies across that node based on the different data values from the elements connected at that node The calculation of error estimates for nodal output is fairly straightforward the values at each node connected at an element are simply compared The six nodal error measures are outlined in more detail below 5 3 2 GT STRUDL The CALCULATE ERROR ESTIMATE Command Maximum Difference Method Value Value Differe
79. t Legend to place a legend on the screen indicating the type of error estimate loading and surface 5 3 4 GT STRUDL ROTATE Load Command 5 4 General Prerelease Features 5 4 1 ROTATE LOAD Command The ROTATE LOAD command will rotate an existing loading and create a new loading condition in order to model a different orientation of the structure or the loading The ROTATE command is described below and is numbered as it will appear when added to Volume 1 of the GTSTRUDL User Reference Manual 2 1 11 4 6 The ROTATE LOAD Command General form ROTATE LOADING ANGLES T1 1 T2 73 s Ar Elements igPag integer or alphanumeric name of the existing independent loading condition whose global components are to be rotated n D r values in current angle units of the load component rotation angles 0 0 0 as shown in Figure 2 1 7 1 Volume 1 GTSTRUDL User Reference Manual Explanation In many instances loading conditions are defined for a structure having a given orientation in space but then the same structure may need to be analyzed for different additional orientations Applied loading components that are defined with respect to local member or element coordinate systems remain unchanged regardless of the structure s orientation However loading components that are defined with respect to the global coordinate system may need to be rotated in order to properly reflect a new orientation for the structure Thi
80. the different conditions For example identify only selected wave loads from the different directions rather than all wave loads or all loads The parameter GRPLOAD may be used to limit the computations for classification while still allowing proper checks for all active loads By your identifying a load case representative of numerous similar loads GTSTRUDL computes the classification for the one load identified and assigns the same classification for all of the loads in the LOAD list This parameter should be specified before CHORDS FOR PUNCHING SHEAR Commands 5 2 14 GT STRUDL Design Prerelease Features Example PARAMETER GRPLOAD 1 LOADS 20 TO 30 Only the load identified as 1 for parameter GRPLOAD will be used for automatic classification All members for LOADS 20 to 30 each will be assigned the same classification as assigned for load 1 Note that load 1 must also be identified in the LOAD portion of the automatic classification options When the automatic classification is used the chords and braces can be listed by GTSTRUDL by specifying the LIST CHORDS option The chord output is similar to the explicit identification for chords and braces For example referring to the Figure 4 3 1 3 for joint 50 the GTSTRUDL output listing the chords is as follows CHORD 1 JOINT 50 BRACE 2 LOAD 1 GEOMETRY K OVERLAP 6 62 BRACE 3 LOAD 1 GEOMETRY PART K 0 6 T OVERLAP 6 62 BRACE 4 LOAD 1 GEOMETRY PART K 0 3 CROSS OVERLAP 6
81. the input file they no longer have to be defined all in one location in the input file Negative coordinates may now be specified when Projecting an Axis onto a line Labels no longer disappear after performing a Save in the File pulldown Rigid Bodies can now be viewed in an orientation where they are superimposed GTStrudl Output Window GPRF s are not issued for the GTStrudl Output Window unless specifically noted below The Area Load dialog now respects the Plane Tolerance specified in the New Loading dialog Previously the plane tolerance for determining which joints lay at the specified elevation was always 2 0 in the current units For example if the current units were METERS the plane tolerance would be 2 0 meters which could result in unexpected area determination The AREA LOAD command was unaffected by this problem Previously a program abort was possible when using the joint displacement Datasheet selection from the Results menu when the External File Solver is active i e when analysis results are stored in external files This problem has been corrected You will no longer get the following error message if you have specified the Parameter Code as AISC13 prior to entering the Parameters dialog under the Steel Design pulldown Specified code AISCI3 is not a valid code name Model Wizard GPRF s are not issued for the Model Wizard unless specifically noted below The Finite Element Mesh Wizard now sets
82. tically improved when the analysis results are stored on external save files which occurs when the GTSES GT64M sparse equation solvers are used for the linear and nonlinear static and dynamic analyses For jobs consisting of large models with tens and even hundreds of loading conditions the time to execute these commands has decreased from an hour or more for the largest jobs to a few minutes at most The MATERIAL command now respects the EXISTING MEMBERS ONLY and the EXISTING ELEMENTS ONLY options for a member list Previously the ONLY specification was ignored and the material properties E DENSITY etc were assigned to all members and elements in the EXISTING list Examples MATERIAL CONCRETE ELEMENTS EXISTING ELEMENTS ONLY Only finite elements are assigned concrete material properties MATERIAL STEEL MEMBERS EXISTING MEMBERS ONLY Only members are assigned steel material properties The EXISTING option for lists now works with load names Previously only LOAD LIST would recognize EXISTING although the options of BUT and PLUS were not recognized but no other load name list recognized the EXISTING option Example PRINT LOAD DATA LOADS EXISTING BUT 100 New Features GT STRUDL 2 4 The CALCULATE PRESSURE command has been improved by the addition of support for analysis results stored in files created by the execution of linear and nonlinear static analyses using the GTSES GT64M sparse equation solvers The COUTPUT command will
83. tions in GTSTRUDL GPRF 2004 14 4 4 GTMenu 1 Gravitv loads and Self Weight loads are generated incorrectiv for the TRANS3D element Workaround Specifv the self weight using Bodv Forces under Element Loads ELEMENT LOADS command is described in Section 2 3 5 4 1 of Volume 3 of the GTSTRUDL Reference Manual GPRF 95 18 2 The Copy Model feature under Edit in the Menu Bar will generate an incorrect model if the model contains the TRANS3D element Workaround Use the DEFINE OBJECT and COPY OBJECT commands in Command Mode as described in Section 2 1 6 7 1 and 2 1 6 7 5 of Volume 1 of the GTSTRUDL Reference Manual GPRF 95 21 Known Deficiencies GT STRUDL 3 The Load Summations option available under CHECK MODEL will produce incorrect load summations for line edge and body loads on all finite elements The Load Summations are also incorrect for projected loads on finite elements The load summations for line and edge loadings should be divided by the thickness of the loaded elements The body force summations should be multiplied by the thickness of the loaded elements for two dimensional elements Workaround You can check the load summation by specifying the LIST SUM REACTIONS command after STIFFNESS ANALYSIS No GPRF issued A Projected element loads will be displayed incorrectly when they are created or when they are displayed using Display Model gt Loads Workaround Verify that the loads are correct in the GTS
84. ts from the OBJECT group into a new group GPRF 99 26 Numerical precision problems will occur if joint coordinate values are specified in the JOINT COORDINATES command with more than a total of seven digits Similar precision problems will occur for joint coordinate data specified in automatic generation commands GPRF 2000 16 Internal member results will be incorrect under the following conditions 1 Dvnamic analvsis is performed response spectra or time historv 2 Pseudo Static Loadings are created 3 Buckling Analysis is Performed 4 Internal member results are output or used in a subsequent steel design after the Buckling Analysis GT STRUDL GT STRUDL Known Deficiencies In addition the eigenvalues and eigenvectors from the Dynamic Analysis are overwritten by the eigenvalues and eigenvectors from the Buckling Analysis We consider this problem to be very rare since we had never encountered a job which contained both a Dynamic Analysis and a Buckling Analysis prior to this error report Workaround Execute the Buckling Analysis in a separate run which does not contain a dynamic analysis Alternatively execute the Buckling Analysis before the Dynamic Analysis and output the Buckling results and then perform a Dynamic Analysis The Dynamic Analysis results will then overwrite the buckling multiplier and mode shape which is acceptable since the buckling results have been output and are not used in any subsequent calcula
85. uce this problem is shown below LOADING 1 MEMBER LOADS 1 FORCE X UNIFORM W 10 where member element 1 is a SCURV or PCURV element GPRF 99 13 Known Deficiencies 4 3 General Input Output An infinite loop may occur if a GENERATE MEMBERS or GENERATE ELEMENTS command is followed by a REPEAT command with an incorrect format An example of an incorrect REPEAT command is shown below by the underlined portion of the REPEAT Command GENERATE 5 MEM ID 1 INC 1 FROM 1 INC 1 TO 2 INC 1 REPEAT 2 TIMES ID 5 FROM 7 INC 1 TO 8 INC 1 Only the increment may be specified on the REPEAT command GPRF 93 22 Rigid body elements cannot be deleted or inactivated as conventional finite elements The specification of rigid body elements as conventional finite elements in the INACTIVE command or in DELETIONS mode will cause an abort in a subsequent stiffness nonlinear or dynamic analysis GPRF 97 21 The path plus file name on a SAVE or RESTORE is limited to 256 characters If the limitation is exceeded the path plus file name will be truncated to 256 characters This is a Windows limitation on the file name including the path No GPRF issued Object groups created by the DEFINE OBJECT command may not be used ina GROUP LIST as part of a list If the OBJECT group is the last group in the list processing will be correct However if individual components follow the OBJECT group they will fail Also you can not copy members or join
86. vector CORRECT INCORRECT Figure 4 3 2 1 Angle between the continuous chords 5 2 13 Design Prerelease Features GT STRUDL e Ifanangle between the two chord segments continuing through a joint is greater thana tolerance value a warning message is given instructing the user to classify the joint using explicit joint classification and no check is performed for the joint The tolerance for members considered continuous or in one plane is 10 degrees which can be overridden by the parameter TOLPLANE up to a maximum of 20 degrees This parameter should be specified before automatic Joint classification commands The possible automatic joint classifications are K T Y CROSS PART K CROSS PART K T PART K Y PART CROSS T PART CROSS Y PART K CROSS T and PART K CROSS Y The classification is made by systematically balancing brace forces of opposite sign in half planes on each side of the chord The process begins with the two highest brace forces of opposite sign continuing the process in each half plane until no more members are left for balancing If only one brace is found in a half plane the brace is either T or Y depending solely on geometry Refer to Appendix B 2 Volume 8 of the GTSTRUDL User Reference Manual for the procedure description As voluminous computations and output could result from the different possible classifications for different loads you are cautioned to specify only loads representative of

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