AH401D User`s Manual
Contents
1. All Rights Reserved CAEN ELS d o o Rev 1 5 October 2014 This product uses technology licensed by Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S C p A e CAEN ELS d o o Kra ka ulica 2 6210 Se ana Slovenija Mail info caenels com Web www caenels com Table Of Contents 1 5 a 5 1 1 THE AH401D PICOAMMETER 2 2 auto ne eee pimse tone 5 1 2 THE AH401D AT A GLANCE 2 mes en comes see ntoc ee este set esceencs 6 1 3 E ATORI orraa Aseadve lace sasusaes edssaeevsoseeeens 7 1 4 RE ON ee 9 1 5 OBESE CPR TION AE 10 1 6 AH401B COMPATIBILITY a ccsscccsccscccscccsccssccssccvsccssccsccsscesseasceeces 11 SOFTWARE COMMANDE ccccscccsccccccccsccccccccsccccccccssccceccs 12 2 1 COMMAND SYNJ e 12 22 COMMANDE 13 2 2 1 A CO i 14 2 2 2 NOT Oi ee i 16 2S LIN COMMING Ane arene nC EE ETE 17 22 4 GET and COMME ins ceceeeoveceseerseeee lee 18 AT Re o 19 pe 21 FD Command manne ee 22 CG COMME ee 23 OO mm 25 p 2 10 TRG Command nrersresessese finn 26 DOME VER Command seins 28 27 BAND TABLE SUMMARY scccccscccsvsccessccesscecsssees esse O 29 2 4 REMOTE HARDWARE RESET eaeoe ereere eree eeen eeaeee eerren 30 ETHERNET COMMUNICA RO NS rennes eee eee eee 32 3 1 COMMUNICATION MODULE nu 32 Co AALO O O 32 3 1 2 Ethernet Module Software Configuration 35 I O CONNECTORS aa E a an A O ee eu 0 0 000 39 4 1 POWER ONNECIOR nee ee 39 4 2 AUXILIAR VS 392. Examples ITM example for Ims integration time ITM 10 r ACK r n ITM example for 200ms integration time ITM 2000 r ACK r n ITM example ITM r ITM 1000 7 21 AH401D User s Manual 2 2 7 NAQ Command The purpose of the NAQ command is to read a fixed number of samples ranging from 1 to 20 000 000 without having to manually stop the acquisition 1 e ACQ OFF command when the desired number of samples has been read This function has to be used in combination with the ACQ command refer to ACQ Command paragraph or the TRG command refer to TRG Command paragraph in order to start the acquisition The format of the returned values depends on the binary mode setting refer to BIN Command paragraph The NAQ function is disabled when the number of samples 1s set to 0 If a number of acquisitions larger than 4096 is set the SUM mode is automatically disabled Examples NAQ example for 4 samples NAQ 4 r ACK n ACQ ON example with ASCII data ACQ ONv ACK n 3124 12001 1222 10 n 3143 11991 1342 20 n 3185 12891 1349 25 r n 3215 10091 1448 35 n NAQ example NAQ r NAQ 4r AH401D User s Manual 2 28 RNG Command The purpose of the RNG command is to set the full scale range of the AH401D The parameter field is a number representing the selected charge integration range as reported in Table 5 Equivalent Equivalent Full Sc
3. bn NT with In the calculated input current FSR the selected Full Scale Range Value the raw data value from the AH401D Offset the data offset 4096 For a proper estimation of this offset a calibration procedure must be performed see AH401D Offset Calibration paragraph tmr the selected Integration Time AH401D User s Manual 1 5 Offset Calibration As explained in the previous paragraph an output offset is built into the instrument to allow for the measurements of input signals near and below zero For this reason with an input signal of O the read value from the AH401D is equal to 4096 If a precise estimation of this offset is necessary the following procedure must be followed Place on each input connector a shielding cap in order to avoid noise pick up be aware that the central input pin must be left open and shielded but not grounded otherwise the read values are meaningless Switch on the AH401D Letit warm up for about half an hour Acquire a set of data for example 100 pts from each input channel and calculate the mean value The calculated mean values are the new Data Offset that must be taken into account in the current evaluation formula see 1 4 that has to be applied to each channel AH401D User s Manual 1 6 AH401B Compatibility The AH401D picoammeter guarantees a strong compatibility with its predecessor AH401B for most of the commands with one excep
4. is digitized by the ADC the input channel is switched to the other integrator circuit 1 e B and the input current can thus be continuously integrated At the end of the integration time also the second integrator i e B is disconnected from the input and the ADC can start the digitization of the integrated current from B At the same time the input is connected to the previous integrator 1 e A and therefore the current can continue to be integrated by A This sequence is continuously repeated as long as the AH401D is in acquisition mode ACQ ON Dead time in the data throughput is thus avoided and the sampled values are continuously sent to the host This mode of operation HLF OFF default is useful when the maximum sampling rate is required since at the end of each integration cycle a digitized data set is sent to the host PC The drawback is a slightly higher noise level on the sampled values due to the integrator capacitors mismatch between A and B and to the charge injection introduced by the internal Switches If lowest noise performance is of uttermost importance the HLF ON command must always be used In this operation mode only the integrated current of one integrator i e A is sampled digitized and sent to the host Using only and always the same integrator any capacitors mismatch and charge injection is avoided and the best signal to noise ratio is achieved The operating sequence of this mode is as foll
5. channel must be interpreted considering the set range see RNG command for further details for the specific channel Please note that range of channel 1 2 is independent from the one of channel 3 4 1 e channel 1 2 range can be different from the one of channel 3 4 In binary mode the data output format consists of a continuous sequence of 12 bytes three bytes for each channel with LSB first for each channel sample LSB MSB LSB MSB LSB MSB LSB MSB 0x0 loxFAoxC AoxO0 10x 1 Aox22 0x020xF Fox Aox0 10xA Aox10 7 7 Chl Ch2 Ch3 Ch4 AH401D User s Manual Examples ACQ ON example with ASCII data ACQ ON r ACK r n 3124 12001 1222 Or 3133 11991 1342 20 r n PAVAN ACQ ON example with BINARY data ACQ ON r ACK Qx020xFA0x590x020x FA0x590x020xFA0x590x020xFAOx59 ACQ OFF example with ASCII data l AA 3124 12001 1222 Or 3133 11991 1342 20 r n ACK n ACQ OFF r ACQ OFF example with BINARY data OxO20x FA0x590x020x FA0x590x020xFA0x590x020xFA0x59 ACO OFF r ACK r n ACQ example ACQ vr ACQ OFF 15 AH401D User s Manual 2 2 2 BDR Command The purpose of the BDR command is to set the baudrate between the AH401D and the communication module Table 4 shows the allowed baudrates Command Baudrate BDR 921600 921600 BDR 460800 460800 BDR 230400 230400 BDR 115200 115200 BDR 57600 57600 BDR 38400 38400 BDR 19200 19200 BDR 9600 9600 Table 4 allowed baudr
6. chapter a falling edge signal As soon as this signal is detected the AH401D starts to acquire data and immediately and continuously sends it to the host until a new TRIGGER signal is received on the corresponding input If the NAQ function is enabled refer to NAQ Command paragraph the acquisition automatically stops after the configured number of samples is transmitted and the instrument waits for a new TRIGGER signal Moreover if the NAQ function is used in combination with the SUM mode refer to SUM Command paragraph only the summed values of the samples are returned This behaviour continues until the trigger mode is disabled with the TRG OFF default command see TRIGGER Signal paragraph in the I O Connectors chapter The format of the data sent depends on the binary mode setting that can be changed using the BIN command see BIN Command paragraph Examples TRG example with ASCII data TRG ON ACK r n TRIGGER pin signal 3124 12001 1222 O r n 3133 11991 1342 20 r n PAVA TRIGGER pin signal O pause TRIGGER pin signal 7924 32101 1442 O r n 8138 12091 2342 120 r n PAVA TRG OFF r ACK r n AH401D User s Manual TRG example with NAQ function enabled ASCII data NAQ 3 r ACK r n TRG ON r ACK r n TRIGGER pin signal 3124 12001 1222 42 r n 3133 11991 1342 20 r n 2253 10197 3352 23 n TRIGGER pin signal 7924 321
7. following nine bytes one at a time 1 e one for each packet 27 i e byte OxTB O O O O O O QO O 7 1 e byte 0x07 0 1 e byte 0x00 0 1 e byte 0x00 0 1 e byte 0x00 1 G e byte 0x01 0 1 e byte 0x00 0 1 e byte 0x00 0 i e byte 0x00 AH401D User s Manual E wait for 500ms and then write to the module port the following nine bytes one at a time 1 e one for each packet o 27 i e byte Ox1B 7 1 e byte 0x07 0 i e byte 0x00 0 i e byte 0x00 0 i e byte 0x00 0 i e byte 0x00 0 i e byte 0x00 0 i e byte 0x00 0 i e byte Ox0C F now the device FLASH memi O 0 CO 0O 0O 0 mware from its internal pout 2s ection to te the y tar 10 LL 7 1 7 f Han lt vor ES D D nust be closed and in order to correctly of again a new connection to AH401D module 31 AH401D User s Manual 3 Ethernet Communication This chapter describes the Ethernet communication module for the AH401D and gives hints on how to configure it 3 1 Communication Module The communication module is based on the Lantronix Xport embedded Ethernet device server To properly configure the Xport device the user must configure the IP address the communication protocol and all other network parameters needed by the AH401D Please refer to the Xport documentation and configuration software available at the Lantronix site www lantronix com for a complete descrip
8. the parameter field After each received command the AH401D replies with a string whose content depends on the type of command sent and its correctness There are three possible scenarios with some exceptions as described in the corresponding command paragraph AH401D User s Manual 1 the command syntax is incorrect the AH401D will always answer with the string NAK terminated with a carriage return line feed characters n or OxOAOxOD in hexadecimal notation e g BIX ON r NAK example 2 BIN OOG r NAK 2 the command syntax is correct and it is a configuration command the AH401D will answer with the string ACK terminated with a carriage return line feed Yn characters e g BIN ON r ACK r n example 2 ITM 1000 r ACK r n 3 the command syntax is correct and it is a query command the AH401D will answer with the echo of the command field and the value of the requested parameter separated with a space and terminated with a carriage return line feed r 7 characters e g BIN v BIN ON V example 2 ITM r ITM 1000 2 2 Command List Please find hereafter the command list used by the AH401D with their syntax the description of their purpose and the description of any special requirements a AH401D User s Manual 2 2 1 ACQ Command The purpose of the ACQ command is to start stop the acquisition from the A
9. 01 1442 340 r n 8138 12091 2342 120 n gp 2134 14234 3459 2B9 An TRG OFF r ACK n TRG example with NAQ and SUM functions enabled ASCII data NAQ 3 r ACK n SUM ON r ACK n TRG ON r ACK n TRIGGER pin signal 32124 42001 8222 4562 r n TRG example TRG r TRG ONV 27 AH401D User s Manual 2 2 11 VER Command The purpose of the VER command is to report the firmware version currently installed in the AH401D on board microcontroller Examples VER example VER r VER AH401D 1 0 0 r n AH401D User s Manual 2 3 Command Table Summary Power Up ACQ Start continuous acquisition ONT Query acquisition status BDR Set baudrate 460800 Set baudrate A 230400 Set baudrate S200 Setbaudrated 560 Set baudrate oo 88400 Setbaudrate f 9200 Setbaudrate 0 Query baudrate setting lo o o oo 71 BIN Select binary mode ON Query binary mode status D GET FR ad a singlesnapshot pa O ee _ Select half mode ON ery acquisition Query acquisition mode status status Query acquisition mode status 2 Set integration time 10 to 10000 on ae gration time Query integration time Read a fixed number of samples 1 10 20000000 Disable NAQ function O defaut a SetFullScaleRangeto2nC 0 Set Full Scale RangetoSOpC default Set Full Scale Rangetol00pC 2 Set Full Scale Rangetol50pC B Set Full Scale Range to 200 pC_
10. 4 2 1 The TRIGGER 40 4 2 2 The CONV Signal E e 40 4 3 HARDWARE RESET SMM so ss vcccsccccccccccsccsccssccssccssccsceesccesceescs 41 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS o ccccccsccccccccccccccccsscccccccssccscsccscccees 42 March 8 2012 April 16 2012 Layout update corrected th 2 2 3 and 2 2 9 sections September 10 2014 October 29 2014 Manual graphics changed Safety information Warnings Read over the instruction manual carefully before using the instrument The following precautions should be strictly observed before using the AH401D CAUTION Do not use this product in any manner not specified by the manufacturer The protective features of this product may be impaired if it is used in a manner not specified in this manual Do not use the device if it is damaged Before you use the device inspect the instrument for possible cracks or breaks before each use Do not operate the device around explosives gas vapor or dust Always use the device with the cables provided Turn off the device before establishing any connection Do not operate the device with the cover removed or loosened Do not install substitute parts or perform any unauthorized modification to the product Return the product to the manufacturer for service and repair to ensure that safety features are maintained This instrument is designed for indoor use and in area with low condensation iii The following ta
11. A Set Full Scale Range to 250 pC ST Set Full Scale Range to 300 pC 6f Set Full Scale Rangeto350pC TP CH1 2 Range to X and of CH3 4 to XY Query Full Scale Range O Sum the NAQ configured samples ON TRG Set trigger mode ONT Query trigger mode status C VER Query firmware version J 7 Table 6 List of Commands summary 0 2 4 Remote Hardware Reset an hardware reset as explained in section 4 3 30 AH401D User s Manual An hardware reset of the AH401D device can be performed remotely by following the herein presented procedure This operation is equivalent to performing The procedure to remotely reboot the module is the following A connect to the AH401D picoammeter module IP address to port 30704 hex 77F0 B write to the module port the following nine bytes one at a time 1 e one for each packet O COO meno O O 25 i e byte 0x19 7 1 e byte 0x07 0 i e byte 0x00 0 i e byte 0x00 0 i e byte 0x00 3 i e byte 0x03 0 i e byte 0x00 0 i e byte 0x00 0 i e byte 0x00 C wait for 500ms and then write to the module port the following nine bytes one at a time 1 e one for each packet 26 i e byte Ox 1A O OTOT OT OFORO O 7 i e byte 0x07 0 i e byte 0x00 0 i e byte 0x00 0 G e byte 0x00 0 i e byte 0x00 0 i e byte 0x00 0 i e byte 0x00 0 i e byte 0x00 D wait for 500ms and then write to the module port the
12. H401D As soon as the command is received the instrument starts to acquire data and immediately sends the generated digital data stream to the host PC At power up the instrument boots with the acquisition stopped ACQ OFF default the user is thus required to start the data acquisition sending the ACQ ON command The type of data transmitted depends on the setting of the binary mode that can be changed using the BIN command see BIN Command paragraph With BIN OFF default data is sent in ASCII mode with the following format chl ch2 ch3 ch4 r n with a space between each channel value 1234 9852 1450 5423 r n YL I Chl Space Ch2 Space Ch3 Space Ch4 Termination characters With BIN ON the values are transmitted as a continuous binary data stream without any termination or control character For this reason it is important to keep synchronization with the data flux otherwise it is possible if some bytes are missed to corrupt the data and to get false readings from the instrument If this happens data acquisition must be stopped with the ACQ OFF command and then restarted again slowing down the data throughput _ rcate or increasing the reliability of the communication channel The speed of data transmission is directly given by the selected integration time and the half mode selection see HLF Command paragraph for more information The value corresponding to each
13. al to 100ms It can be used as a monitor of the internal timing or as synchronization signal for external devices The output voltage level is 5V TTL and CMOS compatible with a minimum output current of 24mA Ground CONV output TTL signal CONV OUT Figure 6 CONV output connector AH401D User s Manual 4 3 Hardware Reset A hardware reset of the AH401D picoammeter can be performed by pushing the RESET button accessible with a thin pen tip or a needle through a small hole on the rear panel of the device Figure 7 Reset Button Figure 7 Hardware reset button Once the RESET button has been pressed and released the AH401D internal processor re initializes reloading its firmware from the FLASH memory and starts operation again Performing this reset operation is equivalent to executing the Remote Hardware Procedure see section 2 4 for further details 41 Input Channels Current Measuring Range Current Polarity Data Rate Integration Time Resolution Bits Noise Ims 200pCrFs Communication Interface T O Signal Extra Features Supply Voltage Weight Input Connectors LED indicators AH401D User s Manual 5 Technical Specifications CONV output Firmware Remote Update Selectable measuring range CH1 CH2 and CH3 CH4 ranges may be different 155 x 165 x 50 mm 560 g BNC Table 7 AH401D main technical specifications 42
14. ale Current FS Current FS 1ms 1s RNG 0 2 nC 2 uA 2 nA RNG 1 50 pC SO nA 50 pA RNG 2 100 pC 100 nA 100 pA RNG 3 150 pC 150 nA 150 pA RNG 4 200 pC 200 nA 200 pA RNG 5 250 pC 250 nA 250 pA RNG 6 300 pC 300 nA 300 pA RNG 7 350 pC 350 nA 350 pA Table 5 RNG commands and equivalent input full scale range Command syntax is the following RNG Y r where X is the selected range for channels and 2 and Y the selected range for channels 3 and 4 Please not that X and Y does not need to be equal X and Y value can be set from 0 to 7 At power up the AH401D ranges are set to 1 default corresponding to a full scale range of SOpC for all channels The following syntax is also recognized by the AH401D picoammeter RNG Z r where Z is interpreted as the desired range for all four channels Z 0 7 Examples RNG example for 100 pC Full Scale Range on all four channels RNG 2 r ACK r n RE RNG example for 2 nC Full Scale Range on channels 1 2 and for 100 pC Full Scale Range on channels 3 4 RNG 02 r ACK r n 23 AH401D User s Manual RNG example RNG r RNG 63v RNG example with wrong values RNG 48 r NAK A n a OL AH401D User s Manual 2 29 SUM Command The purpose of the SUM command is to add the values of N data samples configured with the NAQ command refer to NAQ Command parag
15. annel 1 Channel 1 I Disable Serial Port Port Settings Connection Protocol R5232 gt Email Baud Rate 921600 3 Data Bits 8 Pack Control I Enable Packing CF iow Control Control None Parity None v Stop Bits F1 Configurable Pins Apply Settings Idle Gap Time ACAI Match 2 Byte Sequence C Yes No Send Frame Only C Yes No Match Bytes 9 Ee Ox Send Trailing Bytes None One Two Hex Flush Mode Flush Input Buffer Flush Output Buffer With Active Connect C Yes No With Passive Connect Yes No AtTime of Disconnect Yes No With Active Connect with Passive Connect At Time of Disconnect C Yes No C Yes No C Yes No 38 AH401D User s Manual Click on the Connection button Set the Protocol to TCP and the Local Port to 10001 this value can be changed as needed Click the OK button S Lantronix Devicelnstaller 4 1 0 3 File Edit View Device Tools Help 7 e Search Assign IP Upgrade Device Details Web Configuration Telnet Configuration En Lantronix Devices 1 device s a ae Local Area Connection 140 105 8 160 Se Port lt j XPoit 03 firmware v6 1 0 0 S 140 105 8 100 B or Address http 140 105 8 100 80 LANTRONIX Network Server Serial Tunnel Hostlist Channel 1 Serial Settinas Channel 1 Connect Protoco Proto
16. applied AH401D User s Manual In Table 2 the maximum and minimum currents that can be measured with the AH401D are reported along with the LSB resolution for each capacitor range Full Equivalent LSB Equivalent LSB Scale Current FSS Resolution Current FS Resolution Ims tint 1ms tint I1s tint 1s tint RNGO 2nC 2 uA 2 pA 2 nA 2 fA RNG1 50 pC 50 nA 50 fA 50 pA 50 aA RNG 2 100 pC 100 nA 100 fA 100 pA 100 aA RNG 3 150 pC 150 nA 150 fA 150 pA 150 aA RNG 4 200 pC 200 nA 200 fA 200 pA 200 aA RNG5 250 pC 250 nA 250 fA 250 pA 250 aA RNG 6 300 pC 300 nA 300 fA 300 pA 300 aA RNG Je 350 pC 350 nA 350 fA 350 pA 350 aA Table 2 maximum and minimum currents and resolution by range A host PC is necessary in order to operate the AH401D and properly set the desired parameters i e range and integration time and to acquire the converted data Please refer to the Software Commands chapter for a complete description of available commands their purposes and syntax A fully developed LabView GUI is available allowing to plot the AH401D outputs up to 500 Hz and performing all necessary operations to convert the current data into positional information for all most commonly used Beam Position Monitors geometry It also performs calculation of statistical data on the sampled buffers of data average and rms and most importantly provides the user with a FFT function that is of uttermost importance when using the AH401D as a spectrum a
17. ate values By default the instrument boots with a 921600 baudrate setting Since the instrument immediately changes the baudrate when the BDR command is accepted no acknowledgement string ACK is sent back to the host The user should verify successful execution of the command by sending another command after changing the host baudrate e g BDR The baudrate change procedure strictly depends on the communication interface module used Please refer to the Communication Module Interfaces chapter for more information Examples BDR example with incorrect parameter BDR 960000 7 NAK 1 BDR example with correct parameter BDR 9600 r No acknowledgement from the AH401D but the baudrate has been changed In order to verify that the baudrate was effectively changed the BDR command should be sent BDR example BDR v BDR 921600 1 OF AH401D User s Manual 2 2 3 BIN Command The purpose of the BIN command is to change the format of the digital data stream generated by the AH401D picoammeter At power up binary mode is disabled BIN OFF default and data is sent by default in ASCII format With the BIN ON command binary format is enabled and the output values are sent as a continuous binary data stream The binary format helps to improve the data rate transmission as it avoids the overhead due to the ASCII format generation In binary mode the data output format is a cont
18. ble shows the general environmental requirements for correct operation of the instrument Environmental Conditions Requirements Operating Temperature 5 C to 45 C Operating Humidity 20 to 85 RH non condensing Storage Temperature 20 C to 70 C Storage Humidity 5 to 90 RH non condensing AH401D User s Manual 1 Introduction This chapter describes the general characteristics and main features of the AH401D picoammeter 1 1 The AH401D Picoammeter The AH401D is a 4 channel 20 bit resolution low noise high performance picoammeter It is composed of a particular charge integration input stage for low current sensing coupled with a 20 bit sigma delta ADC converter including a noise reduction digital filter The AH401D performs current measurements from 50 pA with a resolution of 50 aA up to 2 0 uA with a resolution of 2 0 pA with integration times ranging from Ims up to Is Moreover each input channel has two parallel integrator stages so that the current to voltage conversion can be performed continuously also during the ADC conversion avoiding any dead time in the data throughput It also performs digitization of the acquired current data thus strongly minimizing the transmission length of analog current signals from the detector and providing directly digital data output which is easy to transmit over long distances without any noise pick up The AH401D is housed in a light practical and extremely compa
19. cation To do so go to the Control Panel folder open the Internet Options then click on the Connections tab go to the LAN settings and then deselect the Use a proxy server for your LAN option 8 Lantronix Devicelnstaller 4 1 0 3 File Edit View Device Tools Help POA o Search Assign IP Upgrade Device Details Web Configuration Telnet Configuration Lantronix Devices 1 device s ocal Area Connection 140 105 8 160 Port A ry Address http 47140 105 8 100 80 Sag XPoit 03 firmware v6 1 0 0 S 140 105 8 100 e A dialog window asking for user name and password will appear simply click on the OK button 35 AH401D User s Manual e The Lantronix web server interface will now appear S Lantronix Devicelnstaller 4 1 0 3 ME File Edit View Device Tools Help re Search Assign IP Upgrade a Lantronix Devices 1 device s Device Details Web Configuration Telnet Configuration ae Local Area Connection 140 105 8 160 Port Address http 140 105 8 100 80 t ea aes B s XPort 03 firmware v6 1 0 0 A Y es ro S 140 105 8 100 LANTRON IX i Firmware Version V6 1 0 0 MAC Address 00 20 4A 93 F6 86 ya Mi Home Network Server Serial Tunnel Hostlist Channel 1 Trigger 3 Configurable Pins Apply Settings Apply Factory Defaults Device Server Configuration Manager Version 1 3 0 0 e Cli
20. ce s ee Local Area Connection 140 105 8 160 6 xPort lt j XPoit 03 firmware v6 1 0 0 S 140 105 8 100 Device Details Web Configuration Telnet Configuration Address http 4 140 105 8 100 80 LANTRONIX Network Pg External Browser Firmware Version V6 1 0 0 MAC Address 00 20 4A 93 F6 86 Server Settings Server Configuration Telnet Password Retype Password Advanced ARP Cache Timeout 3 secs Trigger 3 TCP Keepalive secs 45 Configurable Pins Apply Settings Seria unner Hostlist Channel 1 Settings 600 Monitor Mode Bootup Enable Disable CPU Performance Mode Rea High HTTP Server Port 80 MTU Size Fi 400 Apply Factory Defaults e Click on the Serial Settings button Set the Baud Rate to 921600 and the Flow Control to None Click on the OK button S Lantronix Devicelnstaller 4 1 0 3 File Edit View Device Tools Help r ee Search Assign IP Upgrade En Lantronix Devices 1 device s ee Local Area Connection 140 105 8 160 Port Port 03 firmware v6 1 0 0 Se 140 105 8100 Device Details Web Configuration Telnet Configuration http 140 105 8 100 80 ge LANTRONIX Network LA External Browser Firmware Version V6 1 0 0 MAC Address 00 20 4A 93 F6 86 Serial Settings Server Serial Tunnel Hostlist Ch
21. ck on the Network button and set the Subnet Mask to 255 255 255 0 then click on the OK button S Lantronix Devicelnstaller 4 1 0 3 DE File Edit View Device Tools Help Pee Search Assign IP Upgrade En Lantronix Devices 1 device s Device Details Web Configuration Telnet Configuration ae Local Area Connection 140 105 8 160 Port i Address http 140 105 8 100 80 Bo External Browser B XPort 03 firmware v6 1 0 0 2 LANTRON Se 1401058100 LANTRON X i Firmware Version V6 1 0 0 MAC Address 00 20 4A 93 F6 86 3 Network Settings Server n rene IP Configuration Hostlist Obtain IP address automatically Channel 1 Auto Configuration Methods BOOTP Enable Disable DHCP Enable Disable AutolP Enable Disable DHCP Host Name Apply Settings Use the following IP configuration Configurable Pins Apply Factory Defaults IP Address 140 105 8 100 Subnet Mask 255 255 255 0 Default Gateway 0 0 0 0 Ethernet Configuration W Auto Negotiate Speed 100 Mbps 10 Mbps Duplex Full Half OK AH401D User s Manual e Click on the Server button Set the CPU Performance Mode to High and then click on the OK button S Lantronix Devicelnstaller 4 1 0 3 File Edit View Device Tools Help Pee Search Assign IP Upgrade ME E a Lantronix Devices 1 devi
22. col TCP 9 Connect Mode Passive Connection Email Trigger 1 Trigger 2 Trigger 3 Configurable Pins Password Required C Yes No Password Apply Settings Apply Factory Defaults Py External Browser V6 1 0 0 MAC Address 00 20 4A 93 F6 86 Firmware Version Connection Settings Active Connection Accept Incoming Yes Active Connect None Start Character oad in Hex Modem Mode None Mdm Esc Seq Pass Thru Yes No Endpoint Configuration Local Port 10001 Remote Port I Auto increment for active connect Remote Host Common Options Telnet Mode Disable Terminal Name Connect Response None Use Hostlist C Yes No LED Blink gt Disconnect Mode On Mdm_Ctrl_In Drop C Yes No Check EOT Ctr D C Yes No Hard Disconnect Yes No Inactivity Timeout lo o mins secs Click the Apply Settings button The XPort Ethernet device should now be correctly configured to work with the AH401D picoammeter If you need to change any other XPort parameter please refer to the XPort user s guide AH401D User s Manual 4 I O Connectors This chapter describes the I O c nnectors their corresponding pinout and the purposes of each signal 4 1 Power Connector The input power connector is shown in Figure 3 with its corresponding pinout The input voltage range is rated at 9V with a maximum
23. correct values in any of the below fields can make it impossible For your device to communicate and can cause network disruption IP address 192 166 10 200 Subnet mask Default gateway o 0 0 0 Configuration information is not available For this device The subnet mask and default gateway will not be able to be set After the IP Address has been set successfully then return to this Assign IP Address wizard to set the subnet mask and default gateway e Click the Assign button o Assign IP Address e Wait for the assignment procedure to end then click Finish The new module IP address should now be already assigned and the success of the operation can be verified on the Devicelnstaller window 34 O AH401D User s Manual 3 1 2 Ethernet Module Software Configuration After assigning the IP address the user must configure some other parameters on the XPort device There are two possible ways to configure such parameters e the web server interface e a telnet connection In this manual only the web interface procedure is described if you need to configure the module using a telnet connection please refer to the XPort user guide Follow the next instructions to properly setup your AH401D communication module e Select the Web Configuration tab and then click on the Go button Be sure to disable the proxy server option in your Internet Options appli
24. ct metallic box that can be placed as close as possible to the current source detector in order to reduce cable lengths and minimize possible noise pick up during the propagation of very low intensity analog signals It is specially suited for applications where multi channel simultaneous acquisitions are required a typical application being the currents readout from 4 quadrant photodiodes used to monitor X ray beam displacements Low temperature drifts good linearity and the very low intrinsic noise of the AH401D allow obtaining very high precision current measurements The AH401D with its standard Ethernet communication capability allows the users to easily control the instrument with different types of programming languages and or operating systems The efficient integration realized in the AH410D of the whole acquisition counting and digitization chain in a single compact element allows simplifying and streamlining to a great extent the task to read out at high speed and with extremely low noise X ray detectors while also greatly enhancing the price performance ratio and its user friendliness o AH401D User s Manual 1 2 The AH401D at a Glance The AH401D picoammeter and its I O connections can be easily seen in Figure 1 front and Figure 2 rear Q CAENar Mod AH401p 4 CHA ANNEL CHARGE INTEGRATING PICOAMMETER Input Channels Figure 1 the AH401D front panel and its I O connections Analog BNC current input conn
25. ectors are placed on the front panel of the device while the other available connections 1 e power input communication socket trigger input conversion output and ground connection are placed on the rear panel The reset button accessible only with a thin pen tip or a needle and the status LED are also accessible from the rear panel of the instrument Ground connection Power Connector RESET STATUS CONV OUT TRG IN ETHERNET Hardware Reset CONV output TRIGGER Communication Status LED input Interface Figure 2 the AH401D rear panel and its I O connections AH401D User s Manual 1 3 Features The AH401D input stage is based on a typical charge integrator topology thus the instrument really measures the charge integrated during the selected integration time Eight full scale capacitor ranges are available as reported in Table 1 Please note that the AH401D respect to its predecessors AH401 and AH401B has the capability to handle different gain ranges between couples of channels 1 e gain of channel 1 and 2 can be different from the one of channel 3 and 4 Full Scale RNG 0 2 nC RNG1 50pC RNG2 100pC RNG3 150pC RNG4 200pC RNG5 250pC RNG6 _300pC RNG7 350pC Table 1 Full scale ranges The integration time finr can be varied between Ims and 1s in incremental steps of 100 us 0 1 ms In order to convert the input data from integrated charge to current the following formula must be
26. gn IP Upgrade Ex Lantronix Devices 1 device s Device Details Web Configuration Telnet Configuration ae Local 4rea Connection 140 105 8 160 ee Port on Property Name Group Comments Device Family Port Type Port 03 ID x5 Hardware Address 00 20 44 93 F6 86 Firmware Version 6 10 Extended Firmware Version 6 1 0 0 e Click on the Assign IP icon S Lantronix Devicelnstaller 4 1 0 3 File Edit Jem Device Tools Help a Larrea Devices 1 device s Device Details Web Configuration Telnet Configuration z ae Local Area Connection 140 105 8 160 a C2 Port om ES XPort 03 firmware v6 1 0 0 lt EE per Name Group Comments Device Family Port Type Port 03 ID x5 Hardware Address 00 20 44 93 F6 86 Firmware Version 6 10 Extended Firmware Version 6 1 0 0 33 AH401D User s Manual e Select Assign a specific IP address and then click Next Assign IP Address Assignment Method would you like to specify the IP address or should the unit get its settings from a server out on the network Obtain an IP address automatically Assign a specific IP address TCP IP Tutorial lt Baci e Set the IP address Click Next S Assign IP Address IP Settings Please fill in the IP address subnet and gateway to assign the device The subnet will be filled in automatically as you type but please verify it For accuracy In
27. input current of 350mA The connector type is a 6 pin DIN Pin Signal 2 GND oD 9V 4 6 not connected Figure 3 Power Connector 4 2 Auxiliary Connectors The AH401D has two LEMO coaxial connectors for the CONV output signal and the TRIGGER input signal as shown in Figure 4 Signal levels are 5V TTL and CMOS compatible The maximum rated output current is 24mA lt m 5 N TTL input 1 ta signal ITL output CONV OUT TRG IN signal Figure 4 I O Interface Connector Se AH401D User s Manual 4 2 1 The TRIGGER Signal The purpose of the TRIGGER signal is to synchronize the acquisition of the AH401D with external events e g laser pulses It works in combination with the TRG command please refer to TRG Command paragraph for more details When the trigger mode is enabled by software a falling edge signal on the TRIGGER input starts the acquisition of the picoammeter As soon as a new TRIGGER signal is received on the corresponding input the acquisition stops and no data is sent to the host This behaviour continues until the trigger mode 1s disabled by software The input voltage level is SV TTL and CMOS compatible Ground TRIGGER input TTL signal Figure 5 Trigger input connector 4 2 2 The CONV Signal The CONV signal is a copy of the internal Integration Time signal For example with an Integration Time of 100ms the CONV output will be a square wave with the half period equ
28. inuous sequence of 12 bytes three bytes for each channel see ACQ Command paragraph for details Examples BIN ON example BIN ON ACK r n BIN example BIN r BIN OFF 17 AH401D User s Manual 2 2 4 GET and Command The purpose of the GET command is to read back a single snapshot of the four channels values The command is a useful shortcut fully equivalent to the GET command The format of the returned values depends on the binary mode setting refer to BIN Command paragraph Examples GET example with ASCII data GET r 8232 43567 9803 7996V n example with ASCII data Ar _ i 8232 43567 9803 7996 n GET example with binary data GET e r example with binary data Nr Ox020xFA0x590x020xFA0x590x020xFA0x590x020xFA0x59 ES C ae AH401D User s Manual 2 2 5 HLF Command The purpose of the HLF command is to select whether to process data from both integrator circuits 1 e maximum speed or only from one integrator circuit 1 e best noise performance of the AH401D In order to explain the functionality of the HLF command it is useful to describe how the integrator input stage operates A basic feature of the AH401D is that each input channel consists of two parallel integrators A and B so that the current to voltage integration can be performed continuously in time when one of the integrators 1 e A
29. nalyzer to characterize the vibrational properties of the X ray beam The FFT can extend up to 250 Hz fully covering the critical 0 100 Hz range where most of the beamlines require extreme stability in order not to spoil the science data acquisition AH401D User s Manual 1 4 Data Format Since the AH401D works in charge integrator mode the data output values depend on the range and integration time selected For this reason it is important to properly set these parameters in order to avoid input stage saturation and the corresponding data clipping to 0 or to 1048575 the latter being the upper limit before saturation for the AH401D in raw digital data in the output values Moreover as an output offset has been built into the instrument to allow for the measurements of input signals near and below zero this data offset must be taken into account for proper data conversion For this reason an offset calibration procedure must be performed before using the AH401D The correspondence between the read value and the full scale range is reported in Table 3 Data Value Input Signal 1048575 Full Scale 4096 0 0 0 4 Full Scale Table 3 digital code and input signal correspondence The data read from the AH401D are the raw values of the 20 bit ADC converter thus the data conversion from the read values to the corresponding current values must be performed by the user applying the following formula FSR za Value Offset
30. ow the current is integrated on integrator A for the integration time i e 100ms then the value is digitized and sent to the host During the following integration time i e 100ms no data is digitized the value on the integrator B is discarded and then the sequence repeats itself Therefore a set of data is sent to the host every two integration times i e 200ms The drawback of this mode is that only half sampled values are sent to the host and hence the sampling rate 1s halved Please note that the data rate throughput is directly related to the integration time and the half mode selection For example setting the integration time to 10ms and the half mode to disabled HLF OFF generates a data stream at 100Hz Whereas setting the integration time to 10ms and the half mode to enabled HLF ON generates a data stream at 50Hz 19 AH401D User s Manual Examples HLF ON example HLF ON r ACK 1 HLF example HLF r HLF ON n AH401D User s Manual 2 2 6 ITM Command The purpose of the ITM command is to set the integration time of the AH401D The parameter field is time expressed in hundreds of microseconds i e if a 100ms integration time is needed the parameter must be set to 1000 The range of the integration time spans from Ims to Is so the parameter range goes from 10 to 10000 At power up the AH401D integration time is set to 100ms ITM 1000 default by default
31. raph and hence to get a single channel value representing the summed samples This function has to be used in combination with the NAQ command refer to NAQ Command paragraph The format of the returned values depends on the binary mode setting refer to BIN Command paragraph When in BIN ON mode the command returns 4 bytes for each channel 1 e 16 bytes total In order to avoid data overflow the AH401D unit does not accept the SUM ON command Le it replies with a non acknowledgment whenever the number of acquisitions set via the NAQ command is larger than 4096 Examples SUM example with 4 samples configured NAQ 4 r ACK n SUM ON r ACK n ACQ ON example with ASCII data ACQ ONv ACK n 12124 40001 43122 12400V n SUM example SUM r SUM ON n SUM example with 5500 samples configured larger than 4096 NAQ 5500 r ACK r n SUM ON r NAK n 25 AH401D User s Manual 2 2 10 TRG Command The purpose of the TRG command is to enable disable the trigger mode of the AH401D The trigger mode when enabled TRG ON allows synchronizing the picoammeter data acquisition with an external event for instance laser pulses The trigger mode operation is described in the next paragraph As soon as the TRG ON command is received the AH401D stops data acquisition and waits to receive on the corresponding TRIGGER pin see I O Connectors
32. tion 3 1 1 IP Address Assignement The module is shipped with a default IP address Factory settings are IP address 192 168 0 10 port 10001 Before assigning a new IP address it is required to install on the host PC the Devicelnstaller software that can be downloaded from the Lantronix website www lantronix com Even if the AH401D can be connected to the global LAN a point to point Ethernet connection is strongly recommended in order to obtain minimum delay maximum speed performance and to avoid possible communication problems This implies that the host PC and the AH401D should reside on the same Ethernet subnet e g Host PC address 192 168 10 100 AH401D address 192 168 10 200 Please note that for a point to point direct connection a twisted Ethernet cable must be used AH401D User s Manual The next few steps must be followed in order to assign a new IP address to the module e Connect the host PC and the AH401D with a twisted Ethernet cable e Switch on the AH401D e Verify that the Link LED on the RJ45 connector is turned on amber for a 10Mbps connection or green for a 100Mbps connection and the corresponding Network Connection 1s active on the host PC The Link LED e Launch the Devicelnstaller program e Select the XPort device where you want to change the IP address S Lantronix Devicelnstaller 4 1 0 3 File Edit View Device Tools Help Pe Search Assi
33. tion Having the AH401D the availability to have different ranges on couples of channels 1 e channels 1 2 can have a different gain than channels 3 4 the RNG command syntax is slightly different please refer to RNG Command section for further details The RNG command is still supported and changes simultaneously range for all the four channels while the replies from the device toa RNG command are in the format RNG XY r where X is the actual measuring range for channels 1 2 and Y the one for channels 3 4 11 AH401D User s Manual 2 Software Commands This chapter describes the software commands used to tune and read the AH401D picoammeter 2 1 Command Syntax The command syntax used by the AH401D protocol is described in the following paragraphs The commands are sent in ASCII format and are composed by two fields the command field and the parameter field separated by a space Instructions are not case sensitive and therefore the command string can freely use either uppercase or lowercase Each instruction is terminated with a carriage return character V or OxOD in hexadecimal notation e g BIN ON AR Commandfield Space Parameter field Termination character There are two types of software commands configuration commands and query commands The query commands usually have the same command field as the configuration commands with a in
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