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1. this html ubbify original_text De ubbi bind mouseout HUME CO ey Shis HeMmLS thisi attr Orieinabhext ji S rthis attr Or ieinallext 7 Hele DE Listing 3 ubbi css ubbi hover font style italic border 0 5px dashed 000 background color cc9999 mouse over a piece of text it is transformed into Ubbi Dubbi Prubetty cubo ubol rubight Making a Plugin This JavaScript works just fine However perhaps there is a general need for Ubbi Dubbi translators that are active when the mouse hovers over text It would be nice if someone simply could make every paragraph in a document automatically Ubbified with document ready function p J ubbifyO J In order to do this let s create a jQuery plugin The plugin when incorporated will add a new function to the jQuery object This means that instead of our ubbify function being in the global namespace and instead of being invoked from within an event handler we will define a function in the jQuery namespace and it will www linuxjournal com april 2009 23 COLUMNS AT THE FORGE Normally the text looks as you would expect But when you move your mouse over a piece of text it is transformed into Ubbi Dubbi be invoked by handlers that also are defined in that namespace To make this happen we need to restructure things a bit First we need to rename our JavaScript file because every plugin needs to be
2. presented with the following menu options sing party tools and quit If you want to jump right into the action choose sing Enter your player name select your difficulty level and then you ll be taken to your song selection Here you will find what are quite trankly gorgeous graphics and an interface that should be familiar with users of programs such as iTunes and the like Left and right arrows scroll through available tracks and Enter starts playing a track If you look at the bottom of the screen there s a guide to further controls for better naviga tion and setting up a playlist Once the track is playing a number of cues will guide you quite easily through things such as timing and pitch and anyone mildly familiar with karaoke should have no problems here Under party mode you can choose trom a number of innovative playing modes such as the classic one on one with Duell Blind Mode removes pitch cues leaving you to sing purely by feel Until 5000 mode is where each player races to get 5 000 points and the first one there wins Once you ve played tor a while it s worth checking what s available under tools as there are options to tweak microphone settings change the graphics resolution and change the in game theme among many others If you aren t getting anything from your microphone check that it s work ing properly back in desktop land It s probably a good idea to try to record a small amount
3. Linux Journal topical RSS feeds NOW AVAILABLE http www linuxjournal com rss feeds COLUMNS WORK THE SHELL 4 Y b ke ON DAVE TAYLOR More Fun with Word and Letter Counts Determine the frequency of letters within a document and become unbeatable at Hangman If you can remember back a month you ll recall that I d received a blessed e mail from someone hint hint asking Dear Dave seek an edge when next play Hangman or other word games want to know what words are most common in the English language and what letters are most common in written material too If you can show how to do that as a shell script it d be useful for your column but if not can you point me to an on line resource Thanks Mike R grabbed three books from the Project Gutenberg archive gutenberg org to analyze and use as test input Dracula by Bram Stoker History of the United States by Charles A Beard and Mary Ritter Beard and Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen The obvious way to analyze these text files is with the wc command which reveals that combined we re looking at 497 663 words 2 9 million characters We used the following to identify the most common words cat txt tr 4012 14 tr upper lower tr d punct grep v a z sort uniq c sort rn head The results were sufficient to reveal that the top ten words that appear in our
4. NEW PROJECTS python setup py install This built straight off for me and it probably will give you little hassle provided you have wx installed Usage Once it had compiled entered the command editra That worked straightaway and it even prompted me about an available update It didn t work but that s beside the point That s some cool coding for something this early on in the development cycle If you re read ing along and have made it this far you obviously don t need me to tell you how to use a text editor However let me draw attention to the cool features that sets Editra apart from other editors First it s very lightweight and snap py There s no bulkiness to put you off and it probably would run nicely on old systems Second opening up extra files splits each one into tabs like Opera Konqueror Firefox and so on Third it color codes sections of text depending on the language and syntax used It rec ognizes a large number of languages too threw the following Tile types at it and it knew Python C Pascal heck it even handled my configuration file for the X Window System It also has the extremely useful abili ty to open other character sets that are non UTF 8 and it even suggests which encoding to choose to view the text you E setup py fleuihomeinhopsre Editra 0 4 40 setup py Editre wO 3 15 Ble EGR Yew Formet Settings JF x JES be X Oo 3 amp setup py x 3 A 2
5. zpoolQ1 zones red zone root var log red zone install 1119 log Query the zones status changed to installed g zone zoneadm list cv ID NAME STATUS PATH BRAND IP 0 global running native shared red zone installed zpool01l zones red zone lx shared 70 april 2009 www linuxjournal com means it is defined only metadata created and saved Two properties in the example can be used to illustrate updating properties of an already defined zone zonepath and the network attributes Each of them can be changed while the zone is halted not running If a zone has been installed and the zonepath is changed the operator is required to move the physical location of the old zonepath to the location of the new zonepath manu ally In the next example Listing 2 the directory red zone needs to be renamed to red zone x under the zpool01 zones directory to complete the property update Install a Defined Zone We now have a defined zone Use the zoneadm command to complete the OS installation into the zone named red zone The sub functions of zoneadm are related to the execution status of a zone The install process of an Ix branded zone requires Linux media The media can be provided in a physical form and loaded into the system s CD ROM drive or you can use the green method and provide the image as one or more ISO files Boot the Zone Once the zone installation is complete it s time to boot it Create two shells and run
6. Google Microsoft and other companies own theirs as well These are open in the sense that most services are substitutable which makes them utilities If you don t like storing your data at Amazon s 3 you can park it elsewhere The documents you create and keep at Google Docs can be put elsewhere as well Elastic computing is more tricky but it should be substitutable as well In a way all these data centers are available to the public as a utility service They are an important trend in computing comprising the growth of a vast open SLA service level agreement infrastructure for computing resources spread across the Net Nicholas G Carr wrote about all this in his book The Big Switch Rewiring the World from Edison to Google visited the topic in The Bigger Switch my EOF column in the May 2008 issue of Linux Journal But why should The Cloud consist only of proprietary back ends How about building our own cloud services Our Own way ucalyptus was pleased to find an answer from colleagues at UCSB where I m a fellow at the Center for Information Technology amp Society namely Rich Wolski and his merry band of computer scientists in the Computer Science Department There they have created EUCALYPTUS Elastic Utility Computing Architecture for Linking Your Programs To Useful Systems It s what they call an open source software infrastructure for implementing Elastic Utility Cloud computing using computing
7. R a S aoe G 8 a a 0 0 SPSSRESESSSHRRSSURNKREENEYSEUEST ORE Se ewan vee Column 0 Editra brings a whole bunch of cool and sensible features into one snappy multiplatform package www linuxjournal com april 2009 47 NEW PROJECTS Projects at a Glance media hive In Browser Multimedia Player Widelands Real Time Strategy Game www mhive org xoops widelands org Wa x tor people Although Pan ar a who want RTS games E to enjoy are generally wn music and not my nee e lt videos on favorite i the go genre ao media hive Widelands aie ea ee draws its am iaese program for inspiration o playing from such E multimedia venerable media hive from any classics as where within your browser It works across multiple plat Widelands the Settlers forms has a number of different interface modes lets you series and rate the content of what you play and allows you to modify appears to have some pretty solid gameplay and impressive your playlist in your browser while it s streaming It s also darn graphics for a free game Hopefully can get it compiled and pretty to boot working and bring you an in depth review in the future need handy when jumping between systems and foreign countries What really impressed me was the ability to ON THE WEB ARTICLES TALK fold paragraphs of text Next to the The promise of zero or near zero latency audio is a huge asset
8. So there you have it The example here shows building a simple scene adding a moving character and a spinning cube You even can walk around and explore this simple world or fly around and explore it from above or below all this in less than 100 lines of code As powerful as Irrlicht is it s not without its weaknesses I ve not had much success with Irrlicht s support of materials other than UV mapped materials desperately tried to get the ground to resemble actual grass but couldn t seem to get it to work On the other hand UV mapping a complex model is a daunting challenge also noticed some of the tools used to create or export the models behaved strangely Sometimes the resulting models would look okay Other times they d need to be rotated or scaled in order to look right Of course most of Did you know Linux Journal maintains a mailing list where list members discuss all things Linux Join LJ s linux list today http lists2 linuxjournal com mailman listinfo linux list 76 april 2009 www linuxjournal com these problems are problems with the 3 D modeling tools used to create content for Irrlicht and not with Irrlicht itself I ve also discovered that writing a 3 D game is more about artwork than code work This simple demonstration has all the major elements of an FPS game But the scene is still quite simple and not very realistic However by merely changing the models and textures this scene could
9. Step 3 Start HOME bin sudo hack sh in the background HOME bin sudo hack sh amp Now you can use sudo without getting a password prompt regardless of how long it s been since the last time you ran sudo Note there are most certainly security implications related to using this procedure of course that s also true of using NOPASSWD in the sudoers Tile PIETER DE RIJK Grassroots Linux Gathering Exhibits of all flavors Presentations of all levels Prizes Atter parties FREE Admission amp Parking FREE Open Source Software Bring the whole tami ly April 25 26 2009 Bellingham WA schedules event plan ait nasties ot Linuxfest North a Washington State Non Profit Orgar NEW PRODUCTS SystemBase s Eddy Series Embedded CPU Modules Hot and fresh from SystemBase s ovens are the new Eddy v2 1 Series embedded CPU modules for high speed serial communication with real time Linux These small Linux ready 32 bit ARM9 based modules support high speed RS 232 RS 422 and RS 485 serial interfaces at up to 921 6Kb s tolerate an extended temperature range from 40 C to 85 C and are equipped with Ethernet and wireless interfaces SystemBase says that developers can set up their designs on the Eddy DK v2 1 hardware development kit and the software development environment LemonlIDE for Lemonix Lemonix is an embedded real time Linux operating system that has been revised to support real time capabilit
10. tt installed a base Windows system just fine but it didn t install any of the drivers nor any of the patches to the operating system realized just how spoiled am by Ubuntu s driver coverage and update manager but slogged ahead and continued to work to refine the system so that the driver and Listing 1 Example pxelinux cfg default file default 1 serial 0 9600n8 timeout 300 prompt 1 DISPLAY pxemenu msg F1 pxemenu msg PABESI ASA COMPUTERS Want your business to be more productive The ASA Servers powered by the Intel Xeon Processor provide the quality and dependability to keep up with your growing business Hardware Systems for the Open Source Community Since 1989 Linux FreeBSD NetBSD OpenBSD Solaris MS etc 1U Server ASA1401i 1TB Storage Installed Max 3TB Intel Dual core 5030 CPU Qty 1 Max 2 CPUs 1GB 667MGZ F BDIMMs Installed Supports 16GB FBDIMM 4X250GB htswap SATA II Drives Installed 4 port SATA II RAID controller 2X 10 100 1000 LAN onboard 2U Server ASA2121i 4TB Storage Installed Max 12 TB Intel Dual core 5050 CPU 1GB 667 MGZ FBDIMMs Installed Supports 16GB FBDIMM 16 port SATA II RAID controller 16X250GB htswap SATA II Drives Installed 2X10 100 1000 LAN onboard 800w Red PS 3U Server ASA3161i 4TB Storage Installed Max 12TB Intel Dual core 5050 CPU 1GB 667MGZ F BDIMMs Installed _ Supports
11. wait You use Mutt Hey Kyle 1989 called they want their VT 100 back KYLE RANKIN BILL CHILDERS KYLE Who needs to talk to an MTA directly when every Linux system has its own mail server A local mail server will handle delivering my mail much better and stabler than any client could What ever happened to Do one thing and do it well BILL That s arguable but beyond the scope of this column Besides Mutt has other things that drive me batty like the user interface It drives me insane It s hyper pedantic Gotta mark all messages as read Ctrl Alt D infinity sign or something It s so much easier to right click on the Inbox and say Mark all as read in Thunderbird KYLE Yeah easier up front and slower for the rest of time Sure Mutt uses keybindings familiar ones if you have ever used vim but the learning curve pays off big time as you blow through your mail can launch Mutt read through all my new mail and close it before Bills Thunderbird process finishes loading BILL But then lose a valuable caffeine break click on Thunderbird have a sip of Coke Zero and take a quick peek at the latest LOLcats while it loads no bother at all What about mail delivery to Mutt It doesn t support IMAP IDLE does it If you re all about speed you d want that feature seem to remember being more on top of e mail than you were back when we sat across from each other KYLE The only syste
12. FrontPage Using DriverPacks with Unattended ubertechnique com unattended BTS_Driver_Packs Unattended Script Archive ubertechnique com unattended Scripts How can mobile solutions help us increase revenue How will cloud computing help us do more with less What technologies will help us cut costs quickly How can virtualization make a o our business more efficient Will unified communications help us improve customer responsiveness INTER d LAS VEGAS MAY 17 21 Mandalay Bay Convention Center Get the information you need to build your competitive edge at IT s most comprehensive Conference and Expo See all the latest innovations including virtualization mobility and cloud computing that will help you increase efficiency drive revenue and cut costs Attend 200 sessions and see 400 exhibitors at the leading business technology event Register with priority code CMXZNLO5 by April 17 to save up to 500 on conference passes or reserve your free expo pass www interop com lv fechweb 2009 TechWeb a division of United Business Media LLC J Division of United Business Media LLC EF reeBboo an Open Architecture tor Network Dual Boot Using FreeBoo you can restore and boot different operating systems across a network and replace proprietary solutions such as Rembo CRISTINA BARRADO AND SEBASTIAN GALIANO 56 april 2009 www linuxjournal com Image Restoring and Dual Boot Many IT
13. In line 41 position the camera at a location described by the vector 30 10 30 Lines 42 45 are where add my first mesh to the scene Think of a mesh as just a bunch of triangles and rectangles that are put together to form the shape of an object In this case I m adding a simple rectangle shape to form the ground in my demonstration First call getWMesh to read a mesh from an external file Then call addMeshSceneNode to convert that mesh into a local representation and add it to my scene This function returns an object that gives me access to that representation Using this object allows me to use the setPosition and setScale methods to move the mesh around and set Its size in my scene Finally use the setMaterial method to tell Irrlicht that this object mapping that is considerably more complex than the box created for the houses earlier This material is used as a skin tor the sydney md2 Quake model In line 57 you can see that this is an animated mesh which is different from the meshes discussed so far An animated mesh contains several meshes that can be used in turn to create animations In this case Sydney has various death scene animations She also has a running animation Sometimes at one point swear she s doing the Macarena The rest of the code block is devoted to scaling positioning and rotating the model to our liking Now things get a little psychedelic In lines 62 66 create a cube t
14. Size 980mb 5 2008120 s 20016990 22025109 chs 1023 254 63 1023 254 63 d 1246 0 1 1370 254 58 r Primary partition 3 type 131 0x83 Linux ext2 filesystem Size 20463mb 5 41909120 s 22025115 63934234 chs 1023 254 63 1023 254 63 d 1371 0 1 3979 184 8 r Primary partition 4 type 000 0x00 unused size Omb 5 0 s 0 0 chs 0 0 0 0 0 0 d 0 0 0 0 0 0 r To hammer home the point about how easy it is to back up the MBR now I have an extra backup of my laptop partition table in this magazine As you can see it correctly identified the two primary partitions and home and the swap partition on my laptop and noted that the fourth primary partition was unused Now after reviewing this if decided that wanted gpart to write Its data to the drive would run www linuxjournal com april 2009 41 COLUMNS HACK AND sudo gpart W dev sda dev sda That isn t a typo the W argument tells gpart to which disk to write the partition table but you still need to tell it which drive to scan gpart potentially could scan one drive and write the partition table to another Once you specify the W option gpart gives you some warnings to accept but it also prompts you to edit the results from within gpart itself Personally I ve always found it a bit more difficult to do it that way than it needs to be so skip the editor have it write to the disk and then use a tool like fdi
15. Why not monitor data of personal interest or data of interest to your colleagues PATRICIA JUNG he long term monitoring tool Munin was T developed in Norway and its name is derived trom Norse mythology One of the two ravens who report the news of the world to the god Odin is called Munin and the other is named Hugin Munin is memory and Hugin is thought The cool thing about the Munin long term monitoring suite is that it s not restricted to supervising only typical system and network parameters For example you easily could do your colleagues from the marketing department a favor and monitor product sales for them All you need to do is to write a script or program in the 62 april 2009 www linuxjournal com language of your choice that returns the current value of the monitored parameter in the form lt parameter gt value lt value gt ending with a newline character on the standard output It s a little less trivial to understand how Munin actually works This is because older parts of the official documentation including the source code written in Perl claim that Munin was a client server application which has caused much confusion More recently the Munin developers have referred to it as having a master node architecture which is far more appropriate A Master to Collect Store and Present Data To use the monitoring software you need a machine that hosts a Web server and has Tobias Oetike
16. lt 20 gy i r 7 Z F the behavior of other objects safely and JUnit testing support for more Web application frameworks JUnit test generation now supports most popular frameworks including Spring Struts and Enterprise Java Beans www instantiations com Shai Vaingast s Beginning Python Visualization Apress Although the title of Shai Vaingast s new book Beginning Python Visualization tells you something the subtitle Crafting Visual Transformation Scripts perhaps tells you even more Author Vaingast says that we are visual animals whose brains must sort organize and transform data into images before we can see the world in its true splendor Part of Apress Beginning Series Beginning Python Visualization illustrates how to turn many types of small data sources into useful visual data Learning Python is simply an added bonus Readers will learn to set up and use an open source environment as an alternative to Excel for data visualization The book is for IT personnel programmers engineers hobbyists and others who are interested in acquiring and displaying data from sources such as the Internet sensors economic trends astronomical sources and more Crafting Visual Transformation Scripts Www apress com Victor Kane s Leveraging Drupal Wrox Thanks to past efforts of LJ founder Phil Hughes Drupal holds a special place in the hearts of our editors Thus will preach the good Drupal word by informing
17. or at least in the circles frequent 1 abolitionists What would really be great for Hangman would 1 accommodation be to apply the letter trequency rule further so that 1 accommodations you extract the infrequently occurring words then 1 accomplishing come up with a sum value for the frequency of 1 accomplishments each letter in the word I d assign E 1 T 2 1 accountability A 3 O 4 for example and identify the longest 1 achievements words with the highest scores Those will be your 1 acknowledging very best Hangman words 1 acknowledgments But I m out of space and last checked was sup 1 acquaintanceship posed to be writing about different variable reference 1 administrative formats in shell scripts anyway swear next column 1 advertisement I ll get back to that Unless you hint hint write me a note with a puzzle or scripting challenge to solve m That gives us long words that occur infrequently in the English language or at least only once in Dave Taylor has been involved with UNIX since he first logged in to the ARPAnet the 500 000 word corpus we ve been analyzing in 1980 That means yes he s coming up to the 30 year mark now You can find True confession simply added more and more him just about everywhere on line but start here www DavelaylorOnline com 7th Annual 2009 HIGH PERFORMANCE LINUX ON WALL STREET Show and Conference April 6 2009 MonDay Roosevelt Hotel NYC Madison
18. restore Its saved copy If the user selects a direct boot FreeBoo Skips directly to phase three Otherwise FreeBoo proceeds first to transfer the OS image to the client The menu provides two image restoring policies complete or full restoring and partial or fast restoring Complete restoring transfers all of the image to the client computer using partimage Partial restoring transfers only the modified data using rsync Depending on the differences with the 58 april 2009 www linuxjournal com bttp 147 83 118 176 OS DEPLOYMENT SYSTEM Figure 3 Boot Menu current image one solution is faster than the other We have found that for partial restoring the checksum computation was especially time consuming for large files But both solutions achieve the same goal to deploy a clean and secure OS image on the client In addition to configuring Apache and setting the boot menu page as the user s initial page you also need to start the rsyncd and the partimaged d mons on the server rsyncd for partial restoring uses virtual names for the OS images Its configuration file etc rsyncd conf assigns each virtual name to a path in the filesystem You should create a disk partition tor each OS image because rsync is filesystem sensitive Specifically you need an NTFS filesystem and the FUSE ntts 3g mount command for writing the MS Windows image on the client We recommend excluding the big and unneeded MS Windows virtu
19. the abbreviation for Munich Airport and start it from the directory where it is located it might for example produce the following output muc config graph_title Departures Munich Airport graph _vlabel Number graph_args base 1000 lower limit 0 graph_category Departures calling label Calling calling draw AREA boarding label Boarding boarding draw STACK departed label Departed departed draw STACK planned label Late planned draw LINE2 Advertiser Index CHECK OUT OUR NEW BUYER S GUIDE ON LINE Go to www linuxjournal com buyersguide where you can learn more about our advertisers or link directly to their Web sites Thank you as always for supporting our advertisers by buying their products Advertiser Advertiser 1 amp 1 INTERNET INC www oneandone com LoGIC SUPPLY INC www logicsupply com ABERDEEN LLC www aberdeeninc com MIcROWAY INC www microway com ASA COMPUTERS INC www asacomputers com O REILLY RAILSCONF www railsconf com CARI NET www cari net O REILLY WHERE 2 0 conferences oreilly com where COMMUNITY ONE communityone PENGUICON www penguicon org CORAID INC www coraid com POLYWELL COMPUTERS INC www polywell com COSSFEST www cossfest ca RACKSPACE MANAGED HOSTING www rackspace com EMAC INC www emacinc com SERVERS DIRECT www serversdirect com EMPERORLINUX ww
20. zone template g zone zonecfg z red zone red zone No such zone configured Use create to begin a new zone configuration zonecfg red zone gt create t SUNWLx zonecfg red zone gt set zonepath zpool01 zones red zone zonecfg red zone gt add net zonecfg red zone net gt set address 192 168 1 10 zonecfg red zone net gt set physical el1000g0 zonecfg red zone net gt end zonecfg red zone gt commit redundant zonecfg red zone gt exit List defined configured and running zones g zone zoneadm list cv ID NAME STATUS PATH BRAND P global running native shared red zone configured zpool01 zones red zone Lx shared Listing 2 Changing Properties of a Defined Zone We determined the network address is incorrect and that it needs to be updated and we want a different storage location g zoner zonecfg z red zone zonecfg red zone gt set zonepath zpool01 zone red zone x zonecfg red zone gt select net address 192 168 1 10 zonecfg red zone net gt set address 192 168 2 10 zonecfg red zone net gt end ZOnNecTs fed zone gt exit Use zonecfg s info sub command to list the zone s definition e zoner zonecfg z red zone info zonename red zone zonepath zpool01 zone red zone x brand 1x autoboot false bootargs pool Llimitpriv scheduling class ip type shared net address 1927 166 2710 physical e1000g0 The zone definition can be deleted B zoner zoncig z red zone delete F www linuxjourna
21. zonecfg z red eye delete F 72 april 2009 www linuxjournal com Listing 7 Zone Definition Using zonetool pl sudo zonetool pl debug Create zonename green zone brand SUNWLx server zonepath zpoolOl zones N autoboot true false clone red zone media path to ISOs network e1000g0 192 168 1 10 and therefore places limits on kernel modules and drivers Because zones are not full VMs the Linux distributions that can be installed in an Ix branded zone are limited Support tor other Linux releases is possible and further interest in this technology will inspire continued development and support for additional Linux distributions Review the Resources section of this article for more information on this and related topics m Victor Burns is married to his awesome wife Lisa of 25 years and they have six children Victor has been employed at Texas Instruments for 24 years He enjoys working with the Boy Scouts and is an Eagle Scout from his youth He thanks his family for its support Resources Location of brandz installation extensions and other helpful items opensolaris org os community brandz downloads and opensolaris org os community brandz todo linux_2_6 kernel 2 6 support Solaris Ix branded zone information docs sun com app docs doc 819 2450 gchhk a view everything docs sun com app docs doc 819 2450 gcwwm a view planning docs sun com app docs doc 819
22. 0 Host Ports amp 1 Device Port r s e 4 10 Bit A Ds amp 6 16 Bit Timer Counters Microsoft imn 2 58 gt Se pm maky h L EMAC 2008 i l paee ill Ti 2 6 KERNEL Uiilatelsl vied he SoM 9G20 uses the same small SODIMM form factor utilized by other EMAC SoM modules and is the idealiprocessor engine for your next design All of the ARM9 processor core is included on this tiny board including Flash Memory Serial Ports Ethernet 12S Audio Interface PWMs Timer Counters A D digital I O lines Clock Calendar and more Like other modules in EMAC s SoM product line the SoM 9G20 is designed to plug into a custom or off the shelf Carrier board containing all the connectors and any additional I O components that may be required The SoM approach provides the flexibility of a fully customized product at a greatly reduced cost Single unit pricing starts at 150 http www emacinc com som som9G20 htm Since 1985 a n 24 Aw Inc YEARS OF soturions EQUIPMENT MONITOR AND Cone Phone 618 529 4525 e Fax 618 457 0110 e Web www emacinc com www linuxjournal com april 2009 67 INDEPTH Solaris Zones Linux IT Marbles Get a New Bag Solaris Zones provides the ability to run Linux and Solaris on the same machine without all the overhead of full virtualization VICTOR BURNS Seldom is a data center asked to do less More often It s asked to do more with less fewer computers and less power consumptio
23. 16GB FBDIMM 16 port SATA II RAID controller 16X250GB htswap SATA II Drives Installed 2X10 100 1000 LAN onboard 800w Red PS SU Server ASA5241i GTB Storage Installed Max 18TB Intel Dual core 5050 CPU 4GB 667 MGZ FBDIMMs Installed Supports 16GB FBDIMM 24X250GB htswap SATA II Drives Installed 24 port SATA II RAID CARD BBU 2X 104100471000 LAN onboard 930w Red PS 8U Server ASA8421i 10TB Storage Installed Max 30TB Intel Dual core 5050 CPU Quantity 42 Installed 1GB 667MGZ FBDIMMs Supports 32GB FBDIMM 40X250 GB htswap SATA II Drives Installed 2X12 Port SATA II Multilane RAID controller 1X16 Port SATA II Multilane RAID controller 1 2X10 100 1000 LAN onboard 1300 W Red Ps All systems installed and tested with user s choice of Linux distribution free ASA Collocation 75 per month 2354 Calle Del Mundo Santa Clara CA 95054 Wwww asacomputers com Xe O n LABEL 2 Email sales asacomputers com inside KERNEL unat P 1 800 REAL PCS FAX 408 654 2910 APPENDS ini trdSUnatine img z user g estizpassword guest Intel Intel Xeon Intel Inside Intel Itanium and the Powerful gt o Intel Inside logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Z_pa th 192 168 1 20 install Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States and other countries Eff C i e n t Prices and availability subject to change without notice
24. 7 Color TFT LCD Touch Screen a 800x480 customizable video core a Dedicated framebuffer 8MB RAM a Audio codec with speaker a Boots Linux 2 6 in about 1 second a Unbrickable boots from SD or NAND a Runs X Windows GUI applications Runs Eclipse IDE out of the box Our engineers can customize for your LCD a Over 20 years in business a Never discontinued a product a Engineers on Tech Support a Open Source Vision a Custom configurations excellent pricing and turr Most products ship See our website for our complete product line chnologic TEMS We use our stuff visit our TS 7800 powered website at www embeddedARM com 480 837 5200 EOF Exchanging Exchange On progress toward dislodging Microsoft s biggest enterprise lock in DOC SEARLS More than five years ago Linux friendly IT execu tives told me www linuxjournal com article 7414 there was one Microsoft product that was not only highly entrenched but appealing as well Exchange Server We can easily see our way to replacing Microsoft Office and even Microsoft Windows one executive told me But we can t get along without Exchange If you re looking for Microsoft s real lock in with enterprise customers Exchange is it That was then but what about now Recently asked readers on the Linux Journal Web site how they d replace Exchange Zimbra came up big Mm Zimbra is open source t
25. Ave and 45th St next to Grand Central Station Low Latency Data Centers featured igh volatility and increased volume are creating more pressure on IT departments to seek out technology to lower budgets and increase agility and productivity Keynote Speakers Our Show is in the 2nd quarter of 2009 and many economists anticipate a turn around in our US economy with President Obama and the 111th Congress mandating recovery legislation Wall Street and the financial markets will be looking for cost saving alternatives including High Performance Linux Open Source Virtualization Cloud Computing Grid Blade among other technologies Wim Coekaerts Inna Kuznetsova Our Show provides an efficient one day demonstration showcase and networking Ga kengineering D Linux Strategy opportunity for the New York financial markets in the heart of New York City pe oS oS oo WM O je gt n je n Microsoft intel ORACLE E redhat Conference Producer A TEAMGROUP Enigmatec LINUX Novell C5 ee IK Show Management Software Initiative iiia QLOGIC Flagg Management Inc 353 Lexington Ave Visit www linuxonwallstreet com New York NY10016 212 286 0333 flaggmgmt msn com The Straight Talk People 9 9 I SINCE 1 ABERDEEN VMWARE CERTIFIED SOLUTIONS a 2 is ef a mo 1 eT Pape MU pifi n a 1U Dual Xeon VMware Certified Server e Up to two Dual Core or Quad Core Intel Xeon proces
26. Backups This is the part of the column where repeat some 40 april 2009 www linuxjournal com of the best disaster recovery advice know make backups In this case we are talking about MBR disasters so here are a few ways to back up your MBR After all it s only 512 bytes there s no reason why you can t afford to back it up Heck it s small enough to tattoo on your arm except guarantee once you do you ll end up migrating to a new system or changing the partition layout The best tool to back up the MBR is coinci dentally the best tool at destroying it more on that later dd In fact dd is one of those ancient powerful and blunt UNIX tools that blindly does whatever you tell it to and it s adept at destroy ing all sorts of valuable data more precisely It s adept at following your explicit orders to destroy your valuable data The following command backs up the MBR on the dev sda disk to a file named mbr_backup sudo dd if dev sda of mbr_backup bs 512 count 1 Basically this tells dd to read from dev sda 512 bytes at a time and output the result into mbr_backup but to do only one 512 byte read Now you can copy mbr_backup to another system or print it out and do the tattoo thing mentioned before Later on if you were to wipe out your MBR you could restore it likely from some sort of rescue disk with a slight twist on the above command Simply swap the input and output sources sudo dd if m
27. For a guy who drives a Honda you re sure obsessed with speed KYLE I m more obsessed with effi ciency than speed in both my car and my mail client What it ultimately comes down to is efficiency in the user interface and RAM footprint along with the fact that can tweak just about any setting don t like E mail is just one of the many things deal with in a day so like to get in get out and get on with my work The fact that can access the same mail client on any computer and even use it on each of my servers is a bonus In conclusion it has vi keybindings Enough said m Kyle Rankin is a Senior Systems Administrator in the San Francisco Bay Area and the author of a number of books includ ing Knoppix Hacks and Ubuntu Hacks for O Reilly Media He is currently the president of the North Bay Linux Users Group Bill Childers is an IT Manager in Silicon Valley where he lives with his wife and two children He enjoys Linux far too much and he probably should get more sun from time to time In his spare time he does work with the Gilroy Garlic Festival but he does not smell like garlic 7 Touch Panel Computer for embedded GUI HMI applications quantity 1 pricing starts at 449 Powered by a 200 MHz ARMY CPU a Low power Industrial Quality Design a Mountable aluminum frame a 64MB SDRAM 128MB opt a 512MB Flash w Debian Linux a Programmable FPGA 5K LUT a
28. Pe Also featuring live singing tesla coil concerts and a steampunk masquerade Register today for a discounted fate http www penguicon com May 1 3 2009 cience Fiction and Open Source Software Convention Romulus MI 60 april 2009 www linuxjournal com six alternatives in the user s menu These files are located on the server but we need them to execute on the client In the menu s HTML code the links to the scripts are localhost reterences for example lt a href http localhost scritps startLinux sh gt so the Web browser will try to connect to a local Web server But we have not installed any Web server on the client image because we wanted a light and fast kernel Instead we have included two additional scripts in FreeBoo to provide a local Web server Both scripts are initiated by etc init d freeboo Below are the complete freeboostart sh and the new mini_webapp_s sh scripts Initial treeboostart sh script bin sh scripts freeboostart sh FreeBoo script that starts a very simple http server with script execution capacity in parallel with a web browser mini _webapp_s sh amp Links2 g YOUR _SERVER_IP The mini_webapp_s sh script bin sh scripts mini_webapp_s sh FreeBoo script that parsers the incoming browser request gets the script path name and executes it locally torun nc l p 80 s 127 0 0 1 awk HTTP print 2 exit urldecoder s
29. Power Supply e Supermicro Server Board w Intel 5400 Chipset e Support Dual Intel 64 bit Xeon Quad Core or Dual Core e Support up to 64GB SDRAM Fully Buffered DIMM FB DIMM e 42 x 3 5 Internal SATA Drives Trays e Dual port Gigabit Ethernet Controller Xeon inside CONTENTS Issue 180 ADMINISTRATION FEATURES PXE NOT JUST FOR SERVER NETWORKS ANYMORE Build a Windows install server using Linux Bill Childers FREEBOO AN OPEN ARCHITECTURE FOR NETWORK DUAL BOOT Open source network restore and boot Cristina Barrado and Sebastian Galiano MUNIN THE RAVEN REPORTS Monitor anything not just system parameters Patricia Jung ON THE COVER Run Linux and Solaris on One Machine p 68 Build an Unattended Network Based OS Installer with PXE p 50 Use FreeBoo to Restore and Boot p 56 Build a Secure Squid Web Proxy p 36 Program 3 D Graphics with Irrlicht p 73 Monitor Anything with Munin p 62 How to Bring Back a Master Boot Record p 40 Point Counterpoint Mutt vs Thunderbird p 77 Systems Xeon inside ZT Systems delivers something different a unique Powerful B A L A N C E Efficient of world class server performance and cost advantage joined with extensive flexibility in delivery and support From the small office to the mega datacenter ZT Systems provides dependable energy efficient server and client solutions that max
30. Red Hat and Windows We run clients on Windows Mac and yes Linux And the pricing is so very affordable Mm used to work for a multinational 100 000 employees consumer goods company who used Notes Domino then was moved to Big 80 april 2009 www linuxjournal com Blue who also used Notes Domino now work for a much smaller bank 6 000 employees that uses Outlook Exchange Experience has shown that larger companies with massive user bases tend to use Domino as it just scales bet ter than Exchange used to Microsoft has put a lot of effort into making sure Exchange is more robust and that it scales better Having used both my preference is for the Notes Domino combination as miss having my workspace Citadel got props Mm you really want to take a look at Citadel Although it looks nothing like Exchange it solves many of the same problems e mail calendars address books and some new ones instant messenger chat forums and more and it does so in a way that is more intuitive Many who try it soon find that they can t live without it mM We use www citadel org It is open source free rock solid and well supported Now we have 50 accounts but 40GB of indexed mail Scalix along with some of the others in some cases got mixed reviews M used Scalix at the last company worked for and liked it a lot M Scalix is not open source and the Community version is se
31. S WORK THE SHELL More Fun with Word and Letter Counts 36 MICK BAUER S PARANOID PENGUIN Building a Secure Squid Web Proxy Part 40 KYLE RANKIN S HACK AND When Disaster Strikes Scratching the Master Boot Record 77 KYLE RANKIN AND BILL CHILDER S POINT COUNTERPOINT Mutt vs Thunderbird 80 DOC SEARLS EOF Exchanging Exchange INDEPTH 68 SOLARIS ZONES LINUX IT MARBLES GET A NEW BAG Run Linux and Solaris on the same machine Victor Burns 73 3 D GRAPHICS PROGRAMMING WITH IRRLICHT 3 D graphics programming not just for geniuses anymore Mike Diehl IN EVERY ISSUE 10 FROMTHE EDITOR 12 LETTERS 16 UPFRONT 44 NEW PRODUCTS 46 NEW PROJECTS 65 ADVERTISERS INDEX g setu pP py flex homemhop src Editre 0 4 40 setup py Editre vO 3 15 file G t yem Format Settings Jools Heip N URERENTEUTRESECoS 3 o8 _ D B 0 mary Used for building the editra distribution files and installations 46 NEW PROJECTS EDITRA Next Month COOL PROJECTS Here at LJ we hardly even get excited anymore when somebody mentions a new project that uses Linux but that s not the case with these Cool Projects We ve got Linux running an un manned submarine and rocket and if that doesn t get your BP up you may already be dead If it s all too much for you don t worry we ve got articles for the weak heart types also articles on setting up home control and home sur
32. SDRAM e Up to 8 x 1TB 8 0TB Hot Swap SATA Hard Drives e Up to 6 x Full Height Expansion Slots e Pre installed VMware ESXi on Disk on Module e 800W High efficiency Redundant Power Supply e 5 Year Warranty Starting at pg 4U Quad Xeon MP VMware Certified Server e Up to four Quad Core or Six Core Intel Xeon MP processors e Quad Six Core allows for 24 processor cores in 4U e Up to 192GB 667 533MHz Fully Buffered ECC DDR2 SDRAM e Up to 5 x Hot Swap SATA or SAS Hard Drives e Pre installed VMware ESXi on Disk on Module e 1200W High efficiency Redundant Power Supply e 5 Year Warranty Starting at intel Xeon inside Powerful Efficient 888 297 7409 www aberdeeninc com lj029 COLUMNS PARANOID PENGUIN Building a Secure Squid Web Proxy Part I MICK BAUER Nurture your inner control freak with Squid Consider the venerable Web proxy back when an FTP Proxy Where does the time go A quick the Internet was new to most of us setting up a definition therefore is in order Web proxy was a convenient way to grant users The concept of a Web proxy is simple Rather of an otherwise non Internet connected network than allowing client systems to interact directly with access to the World Wide Web The proxy also Web servers a Web proxy impersonates the server provided a convenient point to log outbound Web to the client while simultaneously opening a second requests to maintain whi
33. a 2U system JBODs are also available for uncomplicated scalability With a starting configuration price below 3650 it s no wonder Jon has noticed the rising popularity of these servers e T When you partner with Silicon Mechanics you get more than great performance at affordable prices you get an expert like Jon od Silicon Mechanics and the Silicon Mechanics logo are registered trademarks of Silicon Mechanics Inc Intel sSILICOM MECHANICS Pictured here are a few of our most popular Intel Xeon processor based storage servers from top to bottom the Storform iServ R506 R505 and R503 the Intel logo Xeon and Xeon Inside are trademarks For more information about the or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation in the US Storform iServ line of storage servers visit and other countries www siliconmechanics com Storform 3 COLUMNS COOKING WITH LINUX GadminAsync 0 1 0 a ay ys Run selected backup Cancelbackup Help About Quit information rsync version 3 0 4 Status Backup Is not running Backup settings Backup progress Disc Server settings Source Gadmin Async 0 1 0 Create new backup New Backup settings The name of the new backup c ookingWithLinud Coler selec Cancel Create new backup f Save backup 4Show backup log Schedule this backup to run at specific days via cron Monday Figure 3 GAdmin Rsync lets you define numerous backup configur
34. a machine is PXE booted to an Unattended install is a little convoluted but it allows for great flexibility Basically the machine boots to a Linux kernel and shell where some scripts provided by Unattended step in The script parti tions the system s disk and creates a basic FAT filesystem and then it walks you through some menus where you can make choices as to the OS type if you ve set up Unattended with different Microsoft OS flavors installation options and optional software you may have packaged You re asked all the questions for a particular installation up front including the CD Key User Name workgroup or domain to join and administrative users The Unattended scripts automatically digest all of this and create an unattend txt file which is dropped on the newly created FAT filesystem Then a FreeDOS session is started and the Windows installer and OS bits are copied from a Samba share on the Unattended server and then the installer is launched using the unattend txt file At this point the installation is hands off and proceeds without administrator intervention The Unattended team has even gone so far as to create custom scripts that can install other pieces of software you may want to add to your configuration automated VPN or Microsoft Office for example Because there Is no packaged install for Unattended and the install process is quite different from the standard configure amp amp make install sat down f
35. are two directo ries the install scripts and install tools directories The scripts directory contains Windows batch Tiles bat that are used to do automated installation of various software packages as well as some basic updates The tools directory contains a set of scripts that will look at your Unattended server s current configuration and scripts directory and then compare it to the CVS tree maintained by the Unattended team The scripts then will grab the latest bat files and drop them in the correct 54 april 2009 www linuxjournal com place in the scripts directory At that point the next Windows install that s done with the Unattended system will get all the patches and install them automagically The system even will reboot at the appropriate times then pick up the next patch in the series and install it To update the Unattended system s patch repository it s as simple as running a script update check prepare trom the install tools directory under the Unattended root The CVS archive of scripts as well as the script archive on the wiki proved to be invaluable Those resources allowed me to finish the complete automation of my install and now have a configuration that meets my company s needs for Windows After about 30 seconds of typing the machine specific information at the beginning of the installation now can walk away and know that Windows Office the Cisco VPN client Symantec Anti Virus and
36. as a near perfect example of a company that brings the principles of open source to business Its site is inventive and fancy as you d expect a clothing retailer to be but not a tri umph of design over utility What s more it s fast can check Web site responsive ness with some confidence because our little apartment near Boston has 20Mb s symmetrical service from Verizon FiOS that s fiber and pretty cheap consider ing and the speeds get at the office share at Harvard are more than twice that So decided to see what they were running that site on by checking with Netcraft com s What s that site running service The answer was Linux Zappos itself is in an Akamai Netblock and of the 13 other results all foo zappos com the results for OS were Linux or unknown Then decided to look beyond Zappos to other on line retailers Here are the results for the top ten as listed by InternetRetailer com with sales volume numbers in parentheses Results for companyname com are first and other results for each company are summarized in text Netcraft gives results in lowercase 1 Amazon com Inc 14 8 billion linux Staples Inc 5 6 billion linux through akamal Office Depot Inc 4 9 billion the top result is linux for www officedepot com but officedepot com without the dubs is windows server 2003 Other foo officedepot com sites are a mix of the two and unknown Del
37. critical reasons for restricting their users Web access A blacklist is a list of forbidden URLs and name domains A good blacklist allows you to choose trom different categories of URLs to block such as social networking sports pornography known Spyware propagators and so on Note that not all blacklist categories necessarily involve restricting personal freedom per se some blacklists provide categories of known evil sites that regardless of whatever content they re actually advertising are known to try to infect users with spyware or adware or otherwise attack unsuspecting visitors And think a lot of Web site visitors do tend to be unsuspecting The classic malware vector is the e mail attachment an image or executable binary that you trick the recipient into double clicking on But what if you could execute code on users systems without having to trick them into doing anything but visit a Web page In the post Web 2 0 world Web pages nearly always contain some sort of executable code Java JavaScript ActiveX NET PHP and so on and even if your victim is running the best antivirus software with the latest signatures it won t examine any of that code let alone identify evil behavior in it So sure enough the hostile Web site has become the cutting edge in malware propagation and identity theft Phishing Web sites typically depend on DNS redirection usually through cache poisoning which involv
38. cues and the like from an accompanying text file As the text file is raw ASCII and the format is well documented it leaves the entire process open to fans syncing up their own lyrical cues to any track they like from any band The game also comes with an editor built in which will save hours of headache inducing raw text editing ultrastar Q song selection i Joshua Morin Although I ve got it set up with only one song you can see how clean and colorful the interface is What if sey fm not like the others 0 24 The guys from Ultrastar have put up a great YouTube video of their program in action Here s someone rockin out to the Foo Fighters Installation Installing U trastar can be a pain without someone holding your hand but luckily there s a quick Start guide available that s well worth a look The guide to installing it quickly under Ubuntu is very good and it s probably the best guide for many other distributions too if it doesn t work right away or your distro doesn t use apt at least the package names should help I ve chopped the Ubuntu guide down to the bare essentials that worked for me but if you need more information see the installation guide on line ultrastardeluxe xtremeweb hosting net wiki doku php id development compile First you need to satisfy Ul trastar s dependencies Open a shell and enter 46 april 2009 www linuxjournal com the following sud
39. email for companies large and small e Hosted Microsoft Exchange e POP IMAP email with Outlook capabilities e Mobile access e Wireless device synchronization e Managed by email specialists at all times Managed Cloud and Email Hosting solutions whatever your need and budget the world s leader in hosting has the answer you want Not to mention the nonstop Fanatical Support you deserve SIR iana Microsoft D amp E cisco O r vmware Pci HOSTING PARTNER rackspace HOSTING rackspace com linuxjournal 888 571 8976 experience fanatical support GPU Computing More GFLOPS Fewer Watts Clusters with Tesla 1070 4 GPU Servers gees Da gt 36 GPUs 36 CPUs 24 TB in 24U 4 lt lt 40 Gbps FasTree InfiniBand z InfiniScope Network Monitoring Ee i QS 3 er a9 caret kt WhisperStation with 1 to 4 Tesla GPUs e ne e a Tesla C1060 GPU Performance PP pe a a A Shigeltracae Bye 6 gt 4 GB DDR3 per GPU 6 gt 102 GB Sec Bandwidth A NVIDIA PARTNERFORCE MEMBER TECHNOLOGY FireStream Workstations amp Servers WhisperStation FS AMD FireStream 9250 with FireStream 9250 Stream Processors Stream Processor Performance gt 1 TFLOPS gt 1 GB DDR3 Single Wide Card 150 Watts ma Double Precision Floating Point Hardware Stream SDK Brook Open Source Compiler b ACML and CAL Math Libraries
40. had to travel and it wasn t so nice to carry nor was it usable on an airplane so bought a small Sony with an 11 monitor It was nice to have eight hours of battery lite but at the end of the day was tired and my head hurt because of the effort to read all the tiny letters The keyboard was too small and soent much time using delete and backspace to correct my errors while programming or writing documentation So bought a 13 display laptop once again from Sony an SZ series Right now l m the happi est man in the world with my laptop It s light 1 5kg fast has 2 0MHz dual core and 4GB of RAM It has a nice hybrid dual video card one Intel for extreme endurance on battery and one NVIDIA for games and so on Nowadays think we can have both worlds being light and small and at the same time powerful and functional On another subject some weeks ago had a problem with my subscription tor Linux Journal and didn t get my favorite magazine contacted LJ Support and they were great In a week had the missing issues and live in Portugal Here s something we all love 12 april 2009 www linuxjournal com real support when you need it and as with Linux LJ gives you the best support Keep up the excellent work Pedro Pedro glad you liked Kyle and Bill s new Point Counterpoint column see page 77 of this issue for more bickering Ed Reducing Keystrokes Further to Antoine s
41. install your system If not check your installation disks or simply pick it up from your distribution s repositories Before explain how to rsync your data to your own per sonal cloud let me show you how easy it is to create a synchronized backup of your data from one directory to another or one drive to another rsync av important _stuff is backup In the above example rsync copies everything in the directory important_stuff into another directory or folder called is_backup Most of you will have tigured out that the v means verbose copy The a option hides some amount of complexity in that it is the same as using the rlptgoD flags In order this means that rsync should do a recursive copy copy symbolic links preserve permissions modification times and group and owner information and with the final D copy special files device and block When you press Enter files go scrolling by after which you see something like this sending incremental file list of CookingJul08 tgz CookingJul2008 albums odt CookingJul2008 albums txt igal_page png montage png shalbum png zenphoto_comment png zenphoto_go png zenphoto_login png zenphoto_makepass png zenphoto_setup png zenphoto_theming comment png zenphoto_upload_photos png zenphoto_view_album png sent 46059880 bytes received 2753 bytes 6141684 40 bytes sec total size is 46044132 speedup is 1 00 One other thing that rsync should be able to do in order t
42. many other things my Windows users need will be done my way automagically without requiring myself or another staff member to babysit it In closing thanks to the efforts of the Ubuntu and LTSP teams now have an environment that lets my users do some kind of work even when their systems may have some kind of issue And thanks to the Unattended team don t have to sit at a Windows machine physically to install it nor do have to mess with half baked images or other strange packaging solutions I m already getting other ideas on how to extend this system even further m Bill Childers is an IT Manager in Silicon Valley where he lives with his wife and two children He enjoys Linux far too much and probably should get more sun from time to time In his spare time he does work with the Gilroy Garlic Festival but he does not smell like garlic Resources PXE Magic Flexible Network Booting with Menus by Kyle Rankin April 2008 issue of L www linuxjournal com article 9963 Ubuntu WikiLTSP Installation https help ubuntu com community UbuntuLTSP LTSPQuickinstall Active Directory Authentication in Ubuntu 8 04 and 8 10 anothersysadmin wordpress com 2008 04 06 howto active directory authentication in ubuntu 804 Unattended a Windows Deployment System unattended sourceforge net Unattended Step by Step Instructions unattended sourceforge net step by step php Unattended Wiki ubertechnique com unattended
43. other marks and names mentioned herein may be trademarks of their respective companies Everything you need for Limited Time Offer Get 50 off and more for the first 6 months when you sign up for a 1 year plan Visit www 1and1 com for details MEMBER OF 1 877 GO 1AND1 a successful website DOMAIN NAMES Register your business website and save Protect your personal information private domain registration is included for FREE 8 997Vvear WEB HOSTING gj 7 The 1 amp 1 Business Package gives you everything A l you need for a professional website 3 domains ee tet site building tool 2 500 e mail accounts k search advertising vouchers and more 9 99 nonth Designed specifically for high performance needs these top of the line AMD processors feature energy ji efficient technology reducing costs and environmental impact with increased performance per watt 1 amp 1 matches 100 of the energy consumed in our data center with Renewable Energy Certificates 199 99 month E COMMERCE SOLUTIONS Set up your online store and start selling Integration with eBay Shopzilla Google Product Search and Shopping com included 24 99 month Now accepting PayPal Offers valid for a limited time only Setup fee minimum contract term and other terms and conditions may apply Visit www 1and1 com for full promo
44. plugins for others m Reuven M Lerner a longtime Web database developer and consultant is a PhD candidate in learning sciences at Northwestern University studying on line learning communities He recently returned with his wife and three children to their home in Modi in Israel after four years in the Chicago area Listing 5 ubbi2 html lt DOCTYPE html PUBLIC W3C DTD XHTML 1 0 Transitional EN http www w3 org TR xhtm11 DTD xhtml1 transitional dtd gt lt html xmins http www w3 org 1999 xhtmL xml lang en Lang en gt lt head gt lt script type text javascript src jquery js gt lt script gt lt script type text javascript src jquery ubbi js gt lt script gt lt script type text javascript gt document ready function S ubbi uobi O DE lt script gt lt link rel stylesheet type text css media screen href ubbi css gt lt titlLe gt Ubb1 Dubb1 lt title gt lt head gt lt body gt lt h1l gt Ubbi Dubbi lt h1 gt lt p class ubbi gt This is not in Ubbi Dubbi lt p gt lt p class ubbi gt Today we will learn how to make cereal First pour the cereal into a bowl hen pour milk onto tie cereal Finally eat the cereal with a spoon Delicious lt p gt lt body gt lt html gt Resources There are many resources on JavaScript and jQuery both in print and on line From Packt Press enjoyed Learning jQuery by Jonathan Chaffer and Karl Sweeb
45. root filesystem to avoid the initial RAM filesystem transfer done by most thin client solutions The NFS option is slower for individual access but faster for an initial deployment more on using rsync and partimage in the next section To get a nice user interface we also add the framebuftfer driver Gensplash Gentoo s bootsplash software and the Links2 browser compiled with direct framebuffer support The Links2 text browser and Gensplash text images for tramebuftfer let you avoid the cost of the X Window System and its configuration problems while achieving some graphical capacities Image Selection and Restoration Phase The second phase consists of presenting a boot menu to the end user and if required executing the image restoration This FreeBoo phase starts when the client PC is running the Linux thin client You should configure it to execute the Links2 text Web browser initially Simply add this init d file to your thin client filesystem located in the server s drive and accessed via NFS etc init d freeboo depends after gpm after local depends local Start 4 scripts freeboostart sh eend 0 The freeboostart sh script executes the Web browser bin sh Part of the scripts freeboostart sh file Links2 g server_IP The Apache Web server responds with an HTML file that contains the end user menu Figure 3 shows the available boot options The user can choose to boot a given OS directly or to
46. sudo mkdir mnt sdal sudo mount dev sdal mnt sdal sudo chroot mnt sdal usr sbin grub install w recheck dev sda If the chrooted grub install doesn t work you typically can use your rescue disk s grub install with the root directory option sudo usr sbin grub install recheck root directory mnt sdal dev sda Well hopefully if you didn t have a profound respect for those 512 bytes at the beginning of your hard drive you do now The MBR is like many things in lite that you don t miss until they are gone but at least in this case when it s gone you might be able to bring it back m Kyle Rankin is a Senior Systems Administrator in the San Francisco Bay Area and the author of a number of books including Knoppix Hacks and Ubuntu Hacks for O Reilly Media He is currently the president of the North Bay Linux Users Group If you get tired of typing your password for sudo but you don t want or don t have permissions to put NOPASSWD in your sudoers file you can use the following procedure to update the sudo password timestamp and avoid typing your password Step 1 Create HOME bin sudo hack sh bin bash while true do sudo u root bin true gt dev null 2 gt dev null Sleep 60 done Step 2 Do an initial run of sudo to set Its password timestamp 42 april 2009 www linuxjournal com e al Stop Telling sudo Your Password sudo u root bin true Pas SWOrdi etnies
47. that say where the partitions begin and end So if you make a partitioning mistake your data is fine You just have to reconstruct that partition table It would figure that the first time really destroyed my MBR it was through the second less common way mistakes with bootloaders In my case it was a number of years ago and was strug gling to get an early version of GRUB installed on a disk After the standard command line commands didn t work had the bright idea that maybe could use the GRUB boot floppy image After all it was 512 bytes and so was my MBR right Well it sort of worked GRUB did appear however what didn t realize was that in addition to writing GRUB over the first 446 bytes of my MBR also wrote over the last 66 bytes my partition table So although GRUB worked it didn t see any partitions on the drive Guessing Games Fix a Partition Table had at least used Linux long enough that after made my mistake realized my actual data was still there and that there must be some way to restore the partition table This was when first came across the wonderful tool called gpart gpart is short for Guess Partition and that is exactly what it does When you run the gpart com mand it scans through a disk looking for signs of partitions If it finds what appears to be the begin ning of a Windows FAT32 partition for instance it jots it down and continues until eventually it sees what appears
48. the features I ve discussed here require add on utilities for Squid for example blacklisting requires SquidGuard Web Proxy Architecture Suppose you find all of this very convincing and want to use a Web proxy to enforce blacklists and conserve Internet bandwidth Where in your 38 april 2009 www linuxjournal com network topology should the proxy go Unlike a firewall a Web proxy doesn t need to be nor should it be placed in line as a choke point between your LAN and your Internet s uplink although it is a good idea to place it in a DMZ net work If you have no default route you can force all Web traffic to exit via the proxy by a combination of firewall rules router ACLs and end user Web browser configuration settings Consider the network shown in Figure 2 In Figure 2 Firewall 1 allows all outbound traffic to reach TCP port 3128 on the proxy in the DMZ It does not allow any outbound traffic directly trom the LAN to the Internet It passes only packets explicitly addressed to the proxy Firewall 2 allows all outbound traffic on TCP 80 and 443 from the proxy and only from the proxy to the entire Internet Because the proxy is connected to a switch or router in the DMZ if some emergency occurs in which the proxy malfunctions but outbound Web traffic must still be passed a simple firewall rule change can accommodate this The proxy is only a logical control point not a physical one Note also that this ar
49. tieieari a STATEA d 508 746 7341 E ede Contract Number microway com ey EN Technology you can count on
50. to be the end Once the tool has scanned the entire drive it outputs its results to the screen for you to check and edit It also optionally can write this reconstructed partition table back to the disk gpart has been around for quite some time and is packaged by all of the major distributions so you should be able to install it with your standard pack age manager Don t confuse it with gparted which is a graphical partitioning tool Of course if your main system is the one with the problem you need to find a rescue disk that has it Knoppix and a number of other rescue focused disks all include gpart out of the box To use gpart run it with root privileges and give it the disk device to scan as an argument Here s gpart s output from a scan of my laptop s drive greenfly minimus sudo gpart dev sda Begin scan Possible partition Linux ext2 size 9773mb offset Omb Possible partition Linux swap size 980mb offset 9773mb Possible partition SGI XFS filesystem size 20463mb offset 10754mb End scan Checking partitions Partition Linux ext2 filesystem primary Partition Linux swap or Solaris x86 primary Partition Linux ext2 filesystem primary Ok Guessed primary partition table Primary partition 1 type 131 0x83 Linux ext2 filesystem Size 9773mb 5 20016920 s 63 20016982 chs 0 1 1 1023 254 63 d 0 1 1 1245 254 56 r Primary partition 2 type 130 0x82 Linux swap or Solaris x86
51. unfettered sudo access within that zone without concern for security and stability of the global zone and other non global zones The Ix branded zone does have its limitations Much of the zone s power comes from securely shared resources with the global zone The zone shares a kernel with the global zone 4 Proven technology Proven reliability When you can t afford to take chances with your business data or productivity rely on a GS 1245 Server powered by the Intel Xeon Processors Ideal for high density clustering in standard 1U form factor Upto 16 Cores for high CPU needs Easy to configure failover nodes Features 1U rack optimized chassis 1 75in Up to 2 Quad Core Intel Xeon Woodcrest per Node with 1600 MHz system bus Up to 16 Woodcrest Cores Per 1U rackspace Up to 64GB DDR2 667 amp 533 SDRAM Fully Buffered DIMM FB DIMM Per Node Dual port Gigabit Ethernet Per Node 2 SATA Removable HDD Per Node 1 x8 PCI_Express Per Node Servers 780 Montague Express 604 San Jose CA 95131 Www genstor com Email sales genstor com Phone 1 877 25 SERVER or 1 408 383 0120 INDEPTH Listing 6 Zone Administration By default a zone will not auto boot when the system boots g zone zonecfg z red zone set autoboot true Reboot stop a zone gracefully g zone zlogin C e red zone Login then use a normal Linux command examples r zone reboot r zone sh
52. you GAdmin Rsync goes further though If you take a look down at the bottom of the win dow on the Backup settings tab you ll notice the words Schedule this backup to run at specific days via cron and a check box Figure 6 Check the box then scroll down to choose the days you want the backup to run A little further down you can specify the time as well Well mes amis closing time has caught up to us and at least for now time is one thing we can t back up Despite the hour am quite sure we can convince Francois to refill our glasses one final time before we go our separate ways Please mes amis raise your glasses and let us all drink to one another s health A votre sant Bon app tit Marcel Gagn is an award winning writer living in Waterloo Ontario He is the author of the Moving to Linux series of books from Addison Wesley Marcel is also a pilot a past Top 40 disc jockey writes science fiction and fantasy and folds a mean Origami T Rex He can be reached via e mail at marcel marcelgagne com You can discover lots of other things including great Wine links from his Web sites at www marcelgagne com and www cookingwithlinux com Resources GAdmin Rsync gadmintools flippedweb com grsync www opbyte it grsync rsync rsync samba org Marcel s Web Site www marcelgagne com Cooking with Linux www cookingwithlinux com WFTL Bytes wftlbytes com JOURNAL Linux News and Headlines Delivered O You
53. you of Victor Kane s new book Leveraging Drupal Getting Your Site Done Right Publisher Wrox calls Leveraging Drupal much more than a tutorial and a nuts and bolts living mentor and guide that explains how to do what is really required to build a site that works Kane s book covers Drupal topics such as theming customization and best practices in Web development while including videos and code and theme samples at every step Advanced topics include views panels and content creation WWW wrox com 44 april 2009 www linuxjournal com NEW PRODUCTS VittuallQ Control Center ee r ToutVirtual s VirtuallQ Pro Wta Dashboard virtualIQ Dashboard Timeframe Curent z ee nel The company ToutVirtual bills itself elegantly as an emerging leader in er entra ret rete virtualization based on its product VirtuallQ Pro Now in Version 3 the product l a am is a single platform agnostic management and automation console for aioe hia virtualization deployment says the company VirtuallQ installs on Linux and PAA Windows and provides features such as server virtualization assessment CPU Usage Hemery ape O D A asset management performance management capacity management and reporting together in one product Users can support Xen Citrix Microsoft Sikei hanina ikae Oracle and VMware virtualization platforms from one console New features on maea E f 3 gt s s 8 jn vers
54. 00 xfer 25 to check 20 7 Feb screem_prefs_wrap png drop down dialog and enter a name for your backup 33667 100 88 14kB s 0 00 00 xfer 26 to check 19 You can define many different rsync backups here Feb screem_sidebar png i i i 5 o A x and then launch them again at a later time Clicking i a i the Browse button brings up the standard Gtk2 file m browser window from which you can select your local and destination folders Unfortunately you can t browse remote systems but if you ve already set up an rsync server have no fear You can When you are happy with the various options enter it manually in the format showed you click Execute If you only think you are happy earlier for example thevault marcel click the Simulation button Chef Marcel loves a Expert included Jon is one of the most experienced sales experts on the Silicon Mechanics team but he s noticed something new lately Storform Storage by Silicon Mechanics is becoming very popular Jon knows that his customers need to get the most for their money They recognize real value in the storage servers and JBODs that he has to offer Xeon inside Powerful Efficient Storform Storage servers from Silicon Mechanics feature Intel Xeon Processsor 5400 Series CPUs for fast reliable compute power They also offer build to fit options like 12 or 24 3 5 inch hot swap drives in a 2U or 4U system or 24 2 5 inch hot swap drives in
55. 07 34 10 Google s Linux served YouTube rank as a US on line video property 1 11 Billions of YouTube videos viewed in November 2008 5 1 12 Google Sites again ranked the top US video property with nearly 5 1 billion videos 13 YouTube percentage of all videos viewed in November 2008 40 14 YouTube share of Google video properties 98 15 Millions of US Internet viewers in November 2008 147 16 Average number of videos users watched by US viewers in November 2008 87 17 Duration in minutes of the average on line video 3 1 18 Duration in minutes of the average on line video viewed at Linux served via Akamai Hulu com 11 9 19 Number of results in a search for Linux at AMD com US 1 281 20 Number of results in a search for Linux at Freescale com 1 445 Sources 1 Nine Inch Nails 2 3 Amazon com 4 Sheila s Wheels a UK insurance company citing a 2007 YouGov survey of 754 female drivers 5 ArsTechnica citing Journal of Consumer Research 6 CRM Today 7 9 and 11 17 MarketingVOX sourcing comScore s Video Metrix Marketing Charts 10 18 SearchDNS Netcraftcom 19 AMD 20 Freescale UPFRONT EUCALYPTUS a Tree Growing in the Cloud From the Linux and Linux Journal perspective there s an issue with clouds those back end Web services that compose Utility Computing They re proprietary Amazon owns AWS Amazon Web Services 3 EC2 and a growing number of others
56. 2450 gdajn a view config docs sun com app docs doc 819 2450 gdbki a view about docs sun com app docs doc 819 2450 gdduh a view install boot and so forth and docs sun com app docs doc 819 2450 gdqnv a view moving and migrating zonetool pl Listing 8 ftp linuxjournal com pub lj listings issue180 10268 tgz zonetool pl was inspired by an early version by M Kiefer www sun com bigadmin scripts submittedScripts zonetool txt Dtrace information www sun com bigadmin content dtrace wikis sun com display DTrace Documentation and docs sun com app docs doc 819 5488 l en ZFS information docs sun com app docs doc 817 2271 l en INDEPTH 3 D Graphics Programming with Irrlicht Stone obelisks a purple spinning cube and a Babe in Black all this in less than 100 lines of code MIKE DIEHL There s something about 3 D graphics that just draws you in Even though I have a degree in Mathematics I ve always had the impression that programming in 3 D would be diffi cult I ve recently discovered though that it s really not very hard In fact it s almost easy and a lot of ftun thanks to the Irrlicht 3 D graphics engine The Irrlicht 3 D graphics engine is written in C and allows you to get impressive results without a whole lot of code as you ll see later in this article With Irrlicht you can write programs that will run under Linux or Windows and take advantage of OpenGL or DirectX Irrli
57. 4 Status Backup is not running Backup setting GAdminfisync 0 1 0 destination server selection Source server Supply destination server information Remote server thevault Include pat Remote path medlajbigdrive oackups marcel Remote port Remote user root Remote password CEREREA Selected back Key length gt Forward oP Create new bi w Save bi Show backup log Schedule this backup to run at specific days via cron Monday Figure 5 For remote backups GAdmin Rsync uses SSH SCP for secure transfers tor that very information Figure 4 By default local backup is checked To back up to a remote server select Local to remote backup Because you can swap source and destination easily when using rsync there s that third option routinely use a remote to local backup for my Web sites and remote systems Click Forward to continue Assuming you chose to back up to your cloud your next step is to enter the server information Figure 5 This includes the backup path on your networked server as well as your SSH key type and length When you have entered this information click Forward Now you re ready to start the rsync backup Click 13 mil 3 Resetting the Root Password The following methods can be used for resetting the root password if the root password is unknown If you use GRUB for booting select the system to be booted and add 1 to the end of the kernel boot command If you re not p
58. 500 000 word sample are in order the of and to in a i was that and it Now let s go in a different direction and analyze letter frequency Then we ll go back to finding interesting and unusual words Calculating Letter Frequency The question underlying calculating letter frequency is this how do you break down a word into indi vidual letters so that you have one letter per line It turns out that the handy Linux tool fold can do exactly what we want echo hello fold w1 h e 32 april 2009 www linuxjournal com Neatly done Note that you can t use fmt or similar commands because even if you specify w1 for width it works with words not characters It s an easy leap trom there to make fold break down every single word in a text file sort the results and use our power duo of uniq c sort rnto get the results we seek fold w1 lt dracula txt sort uniq c sort rn head 157559 78409 56524 51608 50568 43453 41749 38150 37950 35001 s Nn DT DB OOY et oo A blank is the most common but we can skip that visually rather than complicate our pipe with yet another process As I said in the beginning E is the most common letter but it s a surprise to see T as the second most common frankly Maybe it s because we re not compensating for upper lowercase Let s try again fold w1 lt dracula txt sort tr lower upper uniq c sort rn head 5 1575
59. 59 78409 E 56524 T 51608 A 50568 0 Wait a minute We shouldn t get the same result Hmmm can you see what I ve done wrong Hint look at the order of commands in the pipe Got it The tr needs to appear before the first sort command or it transforms the output but after tr lowers upper sort it already has been sorted separately We also should tr d punct unig c strip out punctuation which can be done with the tr sort rn head command as well Here s a better attempt 468727 273409 E fold w1 lt dracula txt 201726 T tr lower iupper sort 175637 A tr d punct uniq c 169836 0 sort rn head 158561 N 157559 155910 I 79011 E keee 58618 T 133927 R 53146 A 127716 H 51122 0 43975 N Same result In order of frequency the letters 43501 H appear in text in the following sequence ET AON 43423 I ISRHDLCUMFWGPYBVKXJQZ I ma 39296 S bit surprised that J shows up so infrequently 35607 R You now know what order to guess letters in Hangman if nothing else Will this ordering change if we use all three of our books rather than just Dracula Let s try it Speaking of Hangman Before we wrap this up let s go back through the cat txt fold wl words in our corpus and find just those that are at MAYBE ONE DAY SECURITY WILL BE EASY UNTIL THEN THERES 0 OU i Black Hat is a community that brings together security professionals and visionari
60. 6 directory from the CD to the install os winxp share on the server Now my Unattended server was in theory ready to install a system except there was no way to select the Unattended install trom a boot menu Here s where Kyle s article helped out again What needed was a PXE boot menu and thanks to his article was able to whip up one in fairly short order had to take the bzlmage and initrd tiles out of the tftpboot directory in the linuxboot zip file on the Unattended site and place them in the var lib tttpboot Itsp i386 directory I renamed the bzlmage to unat and the intird to unatin img to help distinguish them better Then created a var lib tftpboot Itsp i386 pxelinux ctg default file Listing 1 on the server containing a combination of the syslinux boot arguments from the LTSP server and the Unattended server s configurations Note the DISPLAY and LABEL directives The DISPLAY directive states that when the machine boots you see the file pxemenu msg displayed on the screen This contains the text of the menu The LABEL directive is what you type to boot a particular menu option In this case if type 1 get the Ubuntu LTSP session this is also the default and if type 2 get the Unattended Windows install Now when booted a PXE client got a choice as to whether to go to the Ubuntu LTSP session or the Unattended install At this point tested the Unattended installation and it sort of worked
61. AN with a System Architecture Gensplash Links z Figure 1 Global View of the FreeBoo Components Server INE Phase 1 Thin client User selection time ask for an os image Client Phase 2 Image selection Figure 2 FreeBoo Phases remote non accessible server room using a PXE compliant NIC The desktops boot in three phases as shown in Figure 2 The first phase is similar to a thin client boot In the second phase the user selects a boot option and the necessary image data Is sent to the client Finally in the third phase the client computer boots the user selected OS Thin Client Boot Phase To build a FreeBoo system you first need to configure your client s BIOS to boot from the network and to dedicate a server for PXE You must start the DHCP and TFTP deemons on your server and use the Pxelinux 0 file as the PXE www linuxjournal com april 2009 57 FEATURE FreeBoo primary bootstrap The main consideration regarding your thin client con figuration is the actual image properties Because It is only a temporary image let s configure a small embedded Gentoo Linux with generic drivers less than 6Mb We will add the FUSE drivers the kexec system call introduced in the 2 6 kernel and NFS rsync and partimage client utilities FUSE is required because we need write access to the NTFS partition during image restoration kexec is used for the hot boot The thin client uses an NFS
62. CT CAN HELP YOU CONFIGURE YOUR NEXT HIGH PERFORMANCE SERVER SYSTEM CALL US TODAY Our flexible on line products configurator allows you to source a custom solution or call and our product experts are standing by to help you assemble systems that require a little extra Servers Direct your direct SDR 4302 T02 899 e 4U Rackmount Server with 600W Power Supply e Supermicro Server Board w Intel 5100 Chipset e Support Dual Intel 64 bit Xeon Quad Core or Dual Core e Support up to 48GB 667 533MHZ DDR2 ECC Reg e 3 x 3 5 Internal SATA Drives Trays e Dual port Gigabit Ethernet Controller source for scalable cost effective server solutions 1 877 727 7887 www ServersDirect com Intel Intel logo Intel Inside Intel Inside logo Intel Centrino Intel Centrino logo Celeron Intel Xeon Intel SpeedStep Itanium Pentium and Pentium Ill Xeon are trademarks of Intel Corporation or it s subsidiaries in the United States and other countries GO STRAIGHT TO THE SOURCE 1 877 121 1887 www serversDirect com SDR 2301 T06 999 e 2U Rackmount Server with 460W Power Supply e Supermicro Server Board w Intel 5100 Chipset e Support Dual Intel 64 bit Xeon Quad Core or Dual Core e Support up to 48GB 667 533MHZ DDR2 ECC Reg e 6x 3 5 Hot swap SATA Drive Bay e Intel 82573V amp 82573L Gigabit Ethernet Controller Me deeeee eres ILLIA IIIT SDR A8301 T42 9 4 799 e 8U Chassis with 1350W Redundant
63. Fish Java MySQL NetBeans and microsystems OpenSolaris are trademarks or registered trademarks of Sun Microsystems Inc or its subsidiaries in the United States and other countries Information subject to change without notice CommunityOne 999 Skyway Road Suite 300 San Carlos CA 94070 diff u WHAT S NEW IN KERNEL DEVELOPMENT The kernel boot process is one of the strangest parts of the whole operating system One aspect of it is initramfs where the kernel must first boot up in a RAM based root filesystem before it can mount the disk based filesystems and transition the kernel to consider those the root filesystem Initramfs traditionally has not been part of the official kernel so each Linux distribution has come to maintain its own unique implementation In general this means the sequence of events in the boot process of each distribution is different This can affect the way hardware is initialized and the state it s in when the user finally sees a login prompt Jeremy Katz recently announced Dracut a new distribution indepen dent implementation of initramfs inspired by discussions at the most recent Kernel Summit The project s goal is to simplify and standardize the boot process and move the initramfs implementation into the official kernel tree Each Linux distribution then would boot up identically but would be able to layer any additional func tionality on top of the main initramfs implementation
64. Jeremy s work is based on the Red Hat initramfs Hannes Reinecke is working on his own implementation based on OpenSUSE It s likely the two projects will merge at some point The project will need to bear several issues in mind As Neil Horman explained some systems elect to stay in the RAM based filesys tem for stability reasons and never transition to a disk based root filesystem Any successful initramfs would have to support that feature in order to work with various embed ded system projects Keeping track of what goes into the kernel is THIS IS THE FIRST TIME I CAN RECALL US HAVING LAYOFFS MR BALLMER always pretty tough Each new version could contain thousands of patches There are various ways to track them all including using git or one of the git repository browsers John Hawley recently set up a new method at patchwork kernel org This page keeps track of all patches sent to a variety of kernel related mailing lists including the main one linux kernel It presents the patches in color and is nicely formatted and it lets folks change the status of each patch so it s clear which have been accepted Although a variety of git documen tation exists some of it is fairly involved For folks who d rather just learn what they need to know David Howells has written The Git Hater s Guide To The Galaxy and submitted it for inclusion in the kernel source tree Its not the most in depth git doc
65. Not responsible for typographic errors KERNEL vmlinuz APPEND ro initrd initrd img quiet splash FEATURE PXE perre TITIES aie a Figure 3 Choosing What Software Goes on the Machine Remote Console Devices H fs Windows Collecting information Your computer will be faster and EAEE Dynamic Update Windows XP Professional not only starts faster than any previous version of Windows bul it abo runs your programis more quickly and re ably than ever If a program becomes unstable you can close it without having to shut down Windows or inse any of your work Preparing installation Finskzing installation h Setup will complete in approximately 39 minutes ee ab pur ress COLES ee Figure 4 Windows installing Faster and more reliable that s debatable update installation happened without my intervention It turns out didn t have to re invent the wheel as the driver issue and the update issue both have been addressed by the Unattended team As far as the driver stuff goes there is a method to integrate DriverPacks which are large compressed archives of drivers into the Unattended system It s a little bit too involved for the scope of this article but see the DriverPack link in the Resources section for more information With respect to automatic update installation the method the Unattended folks use is very Linux like in its resourceful ness Under the Unattended root path there
66. P request contains the scripts syncroWindows sh filename The pipeline extracts this name and the next line executes it on the client The links2 browser which is executing in parallel is waiting tor the HTTP response from our local Web server Because we don t need any more interaction with the user instead of sending back a response we have included a line to kill the links2 process in each of the six menu scripts first line of start syncro restore Linux Windows sh scripts killall links2 Conclusion The BP Batch Project started at the Geneve University by Marc V Stuckelberg and David Clerc became a popular open implementation of the thin client This approach evolved into the commercial Rembo suite which is used in many labs with a significant licensing cost FreeBoo uses a combination of existing open source technologies including BP Batch to provide the main features of Rembo The hardware requirements for installing FreeBoo are just a dedicated server connected to client desktops by a LAN Desktops need to have only boot on LAN capacities and local disk drives All the software used is open source Future extensions of FreeBoo include the use of this technology for server software deployment the development of a Web based interface for easy administration of images including database management evaluation of the performance of the OS restoration process to improve it and to select the best option automaticall
67. Query is the fact that it accepts any number of arguments thanks to CSS selectors now invoked on this the jQuery version of the current element Finally our ubbity function is defined privately within the fn ubbi definition Our ubbify function is available to any and all users within our definition of fn ubbi which is admittedly a very small number of functions for now With our plugin in place all we have to do is tell our HTML file to load the plugin and to invoke it in the right way lt script type text javascript src jquery ubbi js gt lt script gt lt script type text javascript gt document ready function ubbi ubbi DE lt script gt Notice that jquery js must be loaded before any plugins are loaded We can apply our ubbi plugin to all of the paragraphs on a page with the following oC p UBILI With our Ubbi plugin plubugubin in place it now has become that much easier to provide peo ple with Ubbi Dubbi translations Thanks to jQuery s plugin mechanism we can distribute our plugin for others to use too without having to read or under stand the code Our modified simple HTML file is shown in Listing 5 Conclusion jQuery is an amazing JavaScript library but one of its particularly impressive features is support for plugins Now that you have seen how easy it is to write a plugin try to think of ways you can provide value to the community by publishing one or more
68. Squid FreeBoo N Solaris Zones Run Linux and Solaris on One Machine Build an Unattended Network Based OS Installer with PXE Use FreeBoo to Restore and Boot APRIL 2009 ISSUE 180 Build a Secure Squid Web Proxy ADMINISTRATION Program 3 D Graphics with Irrlicht Monitor Anything with Munin How to Bring Back a Master Boot Record www www linuxjournal com com PLUS Mutt vs Thunderbird Gibigasdcse MM UBIOUIT NETWORKS Ihe Embeddeq Wireless Dream Vlachine 680MHz CPU 64MB RAM 16MB Flash USB 3 mini PCI slots 5A power supply for multiple hi power radios and enhanced temperature performance and ESD protection for carrier applications Full Linux SDK a and a 59 USD MSRP RouterStation a re E ete amp iagg sea if a eea g a nn ee ee ee ee ee ee ee Sa Ye SHANSYSONDHANNUDSUNDUNDUDNDNDADDIDNTINDNID r wI Po l ti ie SONILLIS Oldd Ff NOILVLS 83LNOY oat an me t l 7 E Z SNid LNNHS 68r AS Sl YMd XNV Z SNid LNMHS 6st 11NV430 J9 Z08 30d SNOILdO YIMOd N O aaaea aaran se 8007 L gt p rt n g BR a FP we wes Je HNH vep OSPLIGINH urre eee 3 sopli m Ma ph THE B i i Hi gt 6180 IIe Routerstation Ul CHALLENG CASH PRIZE 200000 www ubnt com challenge AN Www ubnt com RouterStation UI Challenge For Contest Details Visit www ubnt com cha
69. What do you mean you are doing what asked you to do Mon Dieu When asked you to back up the restaurant s machines to our cloud didn t mean actual clouds A cloud is just a fancy word for somebody else s network or network resources More accurately a cloud is a kind of marketing term to describe computing or storage resources provided by a vendor over the Internet was using the term in jest partly because people seem rather obsessed with running their operating systems in the cloud backing up their servers to the cloud and so on The restaurant s network isn t on par with Google or Amazon but we have plenty of storage space mon ami see our guests arriving Vite Francois Inside Good evening everyone and welcome to Chez Marcel where exquisite wines are paired with the finest in Linux and open source software Please take your seats and make yourselves comfortable while Francois cleans up his model rockets We have a lovely 2006 Kim Crawford SP Flowers Sauvignon Blanc trom New Zealand a full bodied dry white with intense flavor and a long finish untorgettable Francois take those rockets to the cellar and return with the wine Merci mon ami While my faithful waiter fetches the wine probably should tell you that all those model rockets were an attempt at a cloud backup solution There are of course numerous backup solutions you can use from the simple and free to the complex and expensive as well as ev
70. ad and install Thunderbird configure it and then pay for another hour at the Internet caf BILL No that s when use my BlackBerry If that s your speed use case l Il put my quickdraw BlackBerry up against your mini laptop anytime Black Bart KYLE Certainly sounds like Thunderbird is great since you have to supplement it with one or two other mail clients BILL Man my grandmother gets Thunderbird put Mutt in front of her and may as well have asked her to prove Ohm s Law using calculus KYLE Ohm s Law eh Well not everyone shows such resistance pun intended to Mutt Another thing Mutt got right is configurability Just about anything you would want to configure you can contigure in Mutt At first soent some time get ting things just right but ultimately Mutt is like a finely tailored suit you do a few tweaks here and there and then it fits you perfectly These days almost never change any settings BILL Thunderbird has tons of contigurabilty It s a Mozilla soawned app not a GNOME spawned app And who spends a lot of time configuring a mail client Set it up point it at your mailbox and 78 april 2009 www linuxjournal com you re done Fire and forget guess pedantic people would tweak their mail settings periodically so they d want a pedantic client KYLE know mentioned vi keybindings but that bears repeating there s nothing quite like being able to man
71. age the entire e mail program strictly from the keyboard and even have it do all the really heavy lifting for me There are configurable hooks for everything So if want a particular signature for my LUG e mails and a different one tor my friends Mutt takes care of it for me BILL Vi keybindings yeah yeah just showed my wife Kelly what Mutt looks like She said Mutt looks like something I d use on the Commodore 64 Kyle uses that What s that about KYLE That s because it probably could run on a Commodore 64 Thunderbird s RAM footprint couldn t even be stored on one BILL come back to your speed argument again just timed Thunderbird starting up checking mail in all folders and shutting down and it took six seconds this time That s not get up and go to the bathroom time that s barely a couple blinks KYLE No that happens if you ever want to do something like use Thunderbird with local maildirs The entire thing goes down the crapper BILL And why would you want to do that Store it all on the server IMAP for the win KYLE Hey if your laptop is always on line why not use Gmail For me like to be able to reference archived e mail no matter what connection have Mutt can handle just about any e mail source you can throw at it BILL If that s an issue just set Thunderbird to cache e mail locally then Configurability KYLE Then there s the mailing list support It s hard
72. al memory file pagefile sys and the hibernate tile in the rsync recovery command flag exclude from We also recommend deleting any user created Tiles on the client flag delete Additionally add the flags a maintain permissions ownership and timestamps r recursive and v verbose Below is the code for the syncroLinux sh and syncroWindows sh scripts They differ only in the mount command and image and partition names bin sh script syncroWindows sh and script syncroLinux sh FreeBoo scripts for partial image restoring INSERT the correct mount command for Linux mount dev hda2 mnt linux for MS Windows ntfs 3g dev hdal mnt windows o force ntfs 3g dev hdal mnt windows o force INSERT the correct rsync command rsync avr delete exclude from rsync exclude SERVER_IP SYNC_NAME DEST FOLDER rsync avr delete exclude from rsync exclude 192 168 1 1 windows mnt windows continues with kexec commands Full Image Restoring For full image restoration we use partimage partimage is much simpler than rsync because it is not filesystem dependent You simply need to create a directory on the server to store the partimage chunk files Chunks are just data that can be stored in any ext3 filesystem Because the client gives the Tull path to the image chunks you don t need any special configura tion for partimaged The flags to add are f3 quit when finished b batch
73. all2 Proxy Network OO ED Firewall LAN internal network Figure 2 Web Proxy Architecture an admittedly primitive approach Therefore in addition to blacklists it makes sense to do some sort of content filtering as well that is automated inspection of actual Web content in practice mainly text to determine its nature and manage it accordingly DansGuardian is an open source Web content filter that even has antivirus capabilities What if you need to limit use of your Web proxy but for some reason can t use a simple source IP address based Access Control List ACL One way to do this is by having your Web proxy authenticate users Squid supports authentication via a number of methods including LDAP SMB and PAM However I m probably not going to cover Web proxy authentication here any time soon 802 1x is a better way to authenticate users and devices at the network level Route limiting logging blacklisting and authen ticating are all security functions of Web proxies l d be remiss however not to mention the main reason many organizations deploy Web proxies even though it isn t directly security related performance By caching commonly accessed files and Web sites a Web proxy can reduce an organization s Internet bandwidth usage significantly while simultaneously speeding up end users sessions Fast and effective caching is in fact the primary design goal for Squid which is why some of
74. at when the time does come most of the devices will be running the Linux kernel If we practice now perhaps we ll be ready if the time comes sooner than expect Or if we get visited in a time travel episode Admittedly though the latter is probably unlikely m Shawn Powers is the Associate Editor for Linux Journal He s also the Gadget Guy for LinuxJournal com and he has an interesting collection of vintage Garfield coffee mugs Don t let his silly hairdo fool you he s a pretty ordinary guy and can be reached via e mail at shawn linuxjournal com Or swing by the linuxjournal IRC channel on Freenode net Polywell Linux Solutions More Choices Excellent Service Great Value Serving the Industry for More Than 20 Years Netd isk B000V The new generation of energy efficient 45W AMD Athlon X2 dual core processors with Cool n Quiet Qu et Perfo rmance NAS Sto rage technology are designed to enable quiet performance T ATB 1 399 STB 2 399 12TB 2 999 Dual Gigabit LAN RAID 5 0 1 10 Silent Eco Green PC Hot Swap Hot Spare Based on the new 45W AMD Linux Windows Mac Athlon X2 dual core processor E mail Notification is energy efficient quiet and has lt Tower or Rackmount Plenty of power starts at 199 Fanless Silent ITX PC 1G DDR2 80GB Hard Drive starts at 299 AMD processor Low profile Add on Available Small 1U Server for Data Center ISP AMD Phenom proce
75. aterial house_node gt setRotation vector3df 0 90 0 material setTexture 0 driver gt getTexture graph sydney bmp avatar smgr gt getMesh graph sydney md2 avatar_node smgr gt addAnimatedMeshSceneNode avatar avatar mode setseale vectorsdt i 1 1 avatar_node gt setPosition vector3df 5 2 5 5 avatar_node gt setRotation vector3df 0 270 0 avatar_node gt getMaterial 0 material cube smgr gt addCubeSceneNode 1 0f 0 1 vectors di COMPA Vectonsdi 45 0 0 0 Vectorsdt 1 0 1 01 LOT cube gt setMaterialTexture 0 driver gt getTexture graph purple jpg cube gt addAnimator smgr gt createRotationAnimator vector3df 1 5 25 while device gt run driver gt beginScene true true video SColor 255 100 101 140 smgr gt drawAll driver gt endScene driver gt drop return case it s safe to think Red Green and Blue Lines 40 and 41 are probably the most important Without them still would not see anything nor would be able to walk around in my scene In line 40 add a First Person Shooter FPS camera to the scene It s this camera that deter mines what see It s also this camera that move around with the arrow keys and mouse The FPS camera is my eyes into the game The Irrlicht engine supports various other camera types but the FPS camera is the most intuitive because it mimics the FPS games everyone s familiar with
76. ations each with its own identifier program with a sense of humor When you do click Execute the program switches to a progress window Figure 2 so you can see where you are in the process The next item on our rsync menu is Magnus Loet s GAdmin Rsync GAdmin Rsync makes every aspect of creating an rsync backup a matter of fill ing in the blanks What s more the program creates backups using SSH by default which means you can set up rsync backups to any machine to which you have secure shell access This also means you don t actually need to have an rsync d mon run ning on the remote machine If you have SSH access Let me show you how it works When you start the program for the first time you ll be asked for a name to give your new backup Figure 3 You could back up the entire system or select specific folders of filesystems Choose a name that makes sense to you based on what you want to back up Enter a name then click Apply to continue As you saw when we did this at the command line rsync backups can be local to a remote system or trom a remote system The next window looks GAdmin Rsync 0 1 0 backup selection Backup type selection Local backup Local to remote backup Remote to local backup p Quit Forward Figure 4 Your next step is to define the location of the backup GadminAsyne 0 1 0 ae a Run selected backup Cancelbackup Help About Quit information rsync version 3 0
77. ays is an industry first The product also introduces backup and restore of complete virtual machine environments permitting both traditional and virtual machine platforms to be protected with the Same consistent process The Arkeia Virtual Appliance delivers Arkeia Network Backup as a system image for a VMware virtual machine Other features in v8 0 include an improved graphical user interface expanded reporting capabilities and integrated help system www arkeia com Location Based Technologies PocketFinder From the I wish had thought of that department comes Location Based Technologies PocketFinder a GPS based personal locator system The combination device and service allows users to check the real time location of a PocketFinder device carried by a person pet or suitcase at any time via the Internet teleohone or smartphone The company calls its product the smallest known single board GSM GPS device Advanced features include tracking of vehicle soeeds and designation of customizable alert areas whereby a notification is sent when a device enters or leaves a specified zone The PocketFinder is also integrated into the iPhone and Google Android platforms www pocketfinder com Please send information about releases of Linux related products to newproducts linuxjournal com or New Products c o Linux Journal PO Box 980985 Houston TX 77098 Submissions are edited for length and content www linuxjournal co
78. be made to look like a row of realistic houses with doors and windows perhaps a street and sidewalk complete with grassy lawns and a newspaper sitting on the porch no code changes required simply could have used an existing Quake or Doom level instead but I m kind of tired of the Gothic atmosphere of most of those games I d like to see a new crop of brighter more tamiliar looking FPS or MPORPG games While researching this article exam ined some of the competing 3 D graphics libraries Ogre seems to be the leading contender in my opinion From reading the user s manual formed the impres sion that Ogre had a more intuitive API but that I d have to write much more code to get the same results that do with Irrlicht also was put off by the fact that Ogre supports only a single mesh format although exporters are available for converting other formats As you might have guessed I m writing a 3 D game using Irrlicht However started this project as an excuse to learn C When started really thought the stumbling block would be writing the code needed to make the game functional I ve discovered that the hard part of writing any 3 D game is in the artwork Creating compelling scenes and realistic landscapes with trees and shrubs is hard Coding is relatively easy thanks to advanced libraries like Irrlicht The example in this article doesn t even begin to scratch the surface of what Irrlicht can do Indeed I
79. ber which is good for Web developers who have experience in another language already perhaps even JavaScript It reviews many of the different types of functionality that a JavaScript programmer can accomplish using jQuery David Flanagan s JavaScript The Definitive Guide continues to be an excellent resource although I will admit that having jQuery has cut down significantly on what need to know in the underlying JavaScript There are similarly many blog postings that might be helpful including www learningjquery com 2007 10 a plugin development pattern tkramar blogspot com 2008 02 improve your jquery fu write plugins html and www bennadel com blog 800 My First jQuery Plugin htm www linuxjournal com april 2009 25 COLUMNS MARCEL GAGNE COOKING WITH LINUX Clouds Backing Up to the Enough with the cloud nonsense Sure you can buy in to some big commercial cloud but odds are you ve already got one of your own Why not take advantage of it and get yourself backed up safely Our guests will be here any moment Francois What have you done with all the tables and chairs on the patio Yes guessed you moved them to make room which brings me to my second ques tion What are all these model rockets doing out here on the patio Wait a minute Are those USB Flash drives see taped to the rocket bodies Why in the name of all that is free and open are you planning to launch all those Flash drives Quoi
80. bify function implementation goes here Another solution is to wrap the entire function definition inside a closure that is a function with State giving the closure the jQuery object as an environment with variable bindings fn ubbify function implementation goes here ae Now that we have gotten this out of the way we can define our function inside its new plugin home Listing 4 contains jquery ubbi js a jQuery plugin that does everything we did before but within the context of a plugin One of the most interesting things about jQuery is the fact that it accepts any number of arguments thanks to CSS selectors A function might be called for a single paragraph identified via a DOM ID Or it might be invoked on many tags or on tags with a certain class Our func tion needs to handle any or all of these and when it s done our function must then return the jQuery object so that its use can be chained to another set of instructions We do this by iterating over each argument and by returning the results as follows return this each function ae jQuery defines each to be an iterator that oper ates on each element of the object that invoked it In this case we take each of the submitted ele ments and pass them to a function The function of course assigns the event handlers mouseover and mouseout Notice how the functions are One of the most interesting things about j
81. br_backup of dev sda bs 512 count 1 More than One Way to Skin an MBR There are a number of elaborate ways you can destroy some or all of your MBR Please be careful with this first command It actually deletes your MBR at the very least and with a typo it potentially could delete the entire disk so step lightly Let s start with the most blunt dd sudo dd if dev zero of dev sda bs 512 count 1 This command basically blanks out your MBR by overwriting it with zeros Now unless you are masochistic or you are like me and used this in a demonstration of MBR recovery tools you probably wouldn t ever run this command Most people end up destroying part of their MBR in one of two ways mistakes with bootloaders and mistakes with fdisk or other partitioning tools Mistakes with partitioning tools probably are the most common way people break their MBRs or more specitically their partition tables It could be that you ran fdisk on sda when you meant to run it on sdb It could be that you just made a mistake when resizing a partition and after a reboot it wouldn t mount The important thing to keep in mind is that when you use partitioning tools they typically update only the partition table on the drive Even if you resize a drive unless you tell a partitioning tool to reformat the drive with a fresh filesystem the actual data on the drive doesn t change All that has changed are those 64 bytes at the beginning of the drive
82. chitecture could work with transparent proxying as well if Firewall 1 is configured to redirect all outbound Web transactions to the Web proxy and Firewall 2 is configured to redirect all inbound replies to Web transactions to the proxy You may be wondering why does the Web proxy need to reside in a DMZ Technically it doesn t You could put it on your LAN and have essentially identical rules on Firewalls 1 and 2 that allow outbound Web transactions only if they originate from the proxy But what if some server side attacker some how manages to get at your Web proxy via some sort of reverse channel attack that for example uses an unusually large HTTP response to execute a bufter overflow attack against Squid If the Web proxy is in a DMZ the attacker will be able to attack systems on your LAN only through additional reverse channel attacks that somehow exploit user initiated outbound connections because Firewall 1 allows no DMZ originated inbound transactions It allows only LAN originated outbound transactions In contrast if the Web proxy resides on your LAN the attacker needs to get lucky with a reverse channel attack only once and can scan for and execute more conventional attacks against your internal systems For this reason think Web proxies are ideally situated in DMZ networks although acknowledge that the probability of a well configured well patched Squid server being compromised via firewall restricte
83. cht directly supports 3 D models in various formats including Maya ob COLLADA dae Quake 3 levels bsp Quake 2 models md2 and Microsoft DirectX X among others This means there are plenty of ready made models available for download on the Internet that can be used with Irrlicht Also many tools are available for creating models and textures to use with Irrlicht When I was evaluating some other 3 D engines chose Irrlicht because it seemed to be the easiest to wrap my head around while at the same time it had all the features wanted Irrlicht supports both mesh based animation as well as a skeletal animation system With Irrlicht materials can be layered to pro duce stunning effects And most important Irrlicht is extremely well documented with tutorials on line as well as a very responsive on line forum Oh and It s free And it s open source Listing 1 shows a sample program wrote in order to demonstrate a few of Irrlicht s features The first 18 lines of code are pretty easy to follow They include the trrlicht h header file which contains all the declara tions I ll need Then define a few namespaces and variables for later use in the program The main function begins on line 19 On line 23 ask Irrlicht to set up my display window Here tell it to use the OpenGL render engine and to use a 640x480 display resolution I ve included comments in lines 20 22 that show what values to use to select from t
84. clusters and or workstation farms It is interface compatible with Amazon s EC2 the de facto standard for elastic cloud computing and designed tor modification and extension as needed for you name it client side interfaces Most important tor Linux Journal readers EUCALYPTUS is implemented using commonly available Linux tools and basic Web service technology making it easy to install and maintain they say The issue for IT folks is a range of choices that should include DIY as well as commercial back ends Rich Wolski puts it this way Cloud computing permits self service IT independently of whether the provider is an external company or an internal IT organization Part of what makes IT onerous these days is that the infrastructure organization also must be a customer service organization Cloud computing really streamlines customer service for IT in the same way that Web based e commerce streamlined customer service for retail It doesn t eliminate the need entirely you still can get someone on the phone even when a company has an e commerce site but it does improve the business efficiency considerably As write this version 1 5 is coming along Version 1 0 was released in June 2008 And there are ambitious plans For more information check out eucalyptus cs ucsb edu DOcC SEARLS www linuxjournal com april 2009 17 UPFRONT SHOPPING ON PENGUINS was pointed recently to Zappos www zappos com
85. d Web transactions is probably low Yet to Come in This Series I ve explained at a high level how Web proxies work described some of their security benefits and shown how they might fit into one s perimeter network architecture What exactly will we be doing in subsequent articles First we ll obtain and install Squid and create a basic configuration file Next we ll harden Squid so that only our intended users can proxy connections through it Once all that is working we ll add SquidGuard tor blacklisting and DansGuardian for content filter ing I ll at least give pointers on using other add on tools for Squid administration log analysis and other useful functions Next month therefore we ll roll up our sleeves and plunge right in to the guts of Squid configuration and administration Until then be sate m Mick Bauer darth elmo wiremonkeys org is Network Security Architect for one of the US s largest banks He is the author of the O Reilly book Linux Server Security 2nd edition formerly called Building Secure Servers With Linux an occasional presenter at information security conferences and composer of the Network Engineering Polka Resources Configuring and Using an FTP Proxy by Mick Bauer LJ December 2002 www linuxjournal com article 6333 The Squid home page where you can obtain the latest source code and binaries for Squid www squid cache org The Squid User s Guide ww
86. d is one that personalizes search results from a dataset of more than ten million products using a custom built recommendation engine It also has a mature data tier shared across 100 MySQL databases in order to handle its scalability requirements Given that StyleFeeder is 20 april 2009 www linuxjournal com concentrated his report on a single application music Without a doubt the device that attracts the most attention from guests visiting my house is the Slim Devices Squeezebox sitting in the living room They usually don t notice it at first but there s always that double take moment when change the music using my laptop or my iPod Touch store my music in the basement on a Dell machine run ning Ubuntu with a bunch of FireWire disks attached for media Tiles This server runs Slim Devices GPL licensed SqueezeCenter software which is a daemon that is mostly written in Perl surprisingly enough happen to know Perl quite well as programmed with it on a full time basis for many years so was actually quite reluctant to buy this device when first saw it What desperately wanted to MPlayer wasn t as abusive to the CPU One thing really like about it is that have a plugin installed that keeps a log of everything that gets played which means that could actually tell you what was playing at 8 14pm last Thursday One of my forthcoming weekend projects is to syndicate this onto my personal Web
87. departments efforts are dedicated to the time consuming task of repairing end user desktops For this task most IT systems use open source imaging systems that exist today such as Systemlmager partimage FileZilla clonezilla Frisbee rsync rdiff backup ADIOS and so on or their commercial equivalents including Norton Ghost Active True Image and Image All these tools create a com pressed image of a client s hard drive data and save it in case a future data recovery is necessary An image is the complete copy of a filesystem and it usually is stored on a backup server When image changes are small incremental backup is used to improve performance Imaging systems use well known IETF protocols to transfer data from client to server or vice versa They also include many functionalities for image management with easy to use GUls IT departments in charge of large installations also use them to clone OS images onto several identical computers and to update systems with new patches In general this software requires a high level of expertise works basically on demand and runs with a client program This last feature is very important because It assumes that the client computer is executing with specific conditions Typically this means the client always executes the same operating system At our university computer labs can boot either MS Windows or Linux operating systems and students select the desired partition using Re
88. e Druckman webmistress linuxjournal com Candy Beauchamp acct linuxjournal com Linux Journal is published by and is a registered trade name of Belltown Media Inc PO Box 980985 Houston TX 77098 USA Reader Advisory Panel Brad Abram Baillio e Nick Baronian Hari Boukis Caleb S Cullen Steve Case Kalyana Krishna Chadalavada Keir Davis e Adam M Dutko e Michael Eager Nick Faltys e Ken Firestone Dennis Franklin Frey Victor Gregorio Kristian Erik e Hermansen e Philip Jacob Jay Kruizenga David A Lane Steve Marquez Dave McAllister e Craig Oda Rob Orsini Jeffrey D Parent Wayne D Powel e Shawn Powers Mike Roberts Draciron Smith e Chris D Stark Patrick Swartz Editorial Advisory Board Daniel Frye Director IBM Linux Technology Center Jon maddog Hall President Linux International Lawrence Lessig Professor of Law Stanford University Ransom Love Director of Strategic Relationships Family and Church History Department Church of Jesus Christ of Latter day Saints Sam Ockman Bruce Perens Bdale Garbee Linux CTO HP Danese Cooper Open Source Diva Intel Corporation Advertising E MAIL ads linuxjournal com URL www linuxjournal com advertising PHONE 1 713 344 1956 ext 2 Subscriptions E MAIL subs linuxjournal com URL www linuxjournal com subscribe PHONE 1 818 487 2089 FAX 1 818 487 4550 TOLL FREE 1 888 66 LINUX MAIL PO Box 16476 North Hollywood CA 91615 9911 USA Please all
89. e can check whether all is well Let s see if our contig method works telnet localhost 4949 ere config muc graph_title Departures Munich Airport graph _vlabel Number Lane cancelled label Cancelled cancelled draw LINE2 If we can do this by hand the Munin master should generate some nice little graphs and present them via the Web as shown in Figure 3 Overview Airport localhost localdomain s muc a UNI Departures Munich Airport b a gt S a a a B Cal Max B Goa Max B Dep Maxi B Late Max B Car Max x Bsisksgetess ast update Fri Jan 2 22 25 00 artures Munich Airport by month Figure 3 Munin creates daily weekly monthly and annual graphs If you want to preserve them for later comparison you can write a cron job that archives the relevant PNGs and or RRD databases at certain points of time Drawbacks The simple way to write and integrate custom plugins is one of the huge advantages of Munin even the more complex wild card plugins are no big deal Unfortunately simple sometimes also means simplistic Although it is possible to include Munin generated diagrams in customized Web pages Munin does not provide any func tionality to customize the Web pages generated by the Munin master Especially on sites with many hosts and plugins to monitor the simple approach that combines all daily and weekly graphs in one page results in an extremely slow loading overview page Anoth
90. e is very similar to that of a full VM in flexibility but like a chroot environment it sheds the overhead of a full VM It is important to understand that a zone is not a full virtual machine in the sense that you would see with Xen or VMware or VirtualBox A zone is an emulation layer more akin to Wine perhaps but at a more fundamental level This for example means that an Ix branded zone does not contain its own Linux kernel rather the kernel calls are redirected by the zone s emulation layer to the underlying Solaris kernel The zone provides security through isolation Each zone has its own root account and password The superuser within a zone has no special privileges to gain access to objects outside the zone No account has rights to exit the zone or examine processes and files outside the zone Advanced resource management is enabled when control of memory and CPU resources by zone is important Resource management keeps zones from being harmed by others including but not limited to CPU and memory starvation Note the primary Solaris OS and the physical platform on which it executes are also Known as a zone It is defined as the global zone and continues to look and feel as it always has All other zones are created from the global zone Created zones suoneoddy UOZ NJEN Z U0Z BAI EN m al Solaris 10 OS Hardware Figure 1 Relationships between Zones and VMs are called sub or non global zones Non g
91. e the prospect of losing valuable data or the idea that your only computer won t boot to motivate you to learn more about your system In this month s installment of When Disaster Strikes discuss a surprisingly small part of your computer that plays a surprisingly large role in booting and using it the Master Boot Record or MBR for short cover some of my favorite ways to destroy an MBR and a few ways to restore It once you have Before you can fully understand how to restore the MBR you should have a good idea of what it actually is The MBR comprises the first 512 bytes of a hard drive Now that s bytes not megabytes or even kilobytes In our terabyte age it s hard to appreciate how very small that is but to give you an idea at this point in the column I ve already written about three MBRs worth of text This 512 byte space then is split up into two smaller sections The first 446 bytes of the MBR contain the boot code code like the first stage of GRUB that allows you to load an operating system The final 66 bytes contain a 64 byte partition table and a 2 byte signature at the very end That parti tion table is full of information about the primary and extended partitions on a disk such as at which cylinder they start at which cylinder they end what type of partition they are and other useful data you typically don t think much about after a disk Is set up at least until it s gone A Routine Lecture on
92. eat point Forrest Since have limited space in my column tend to write short solutions rather than more complicated ones You re right that something like tempname tmp appname RANDOM works better than just a simple applica tion of in terms of making it harder for a hacker to game your temporary files and potentially alter the execution and results of system shell scripts Lots of Security In my opinion the January 2009 Security issue was one of the best issues put out in a while not that the magazine isn t good but you really outdid yourselves this time in keeping the articles on focus with the focus of the issue The one thing would have liked to see is if Cooking with Linux could have talked about setting up home surveillance cameras in keeping with the Security theme or something of the like Although always enjoy Marcel Gagn s articles l d like to see him focus on some small to medium projects too instead of just games Mike Laptop Sizes and Great LJ Subscription Service In the January 2009 issue you have a nice article Small Laptops vs Large Laptops by Kyle Rankin and Bill Childers Well I ve worked for several years as a consultant and travel a lot so can understand the need for a big laptop and also can understand the need and usefulness of a small laptop But why not have the best of both worlds First had a big 15 or 17 laptop and it was great but then
93. eed to activate them first To do this symlink them into the plugins directory etc munin plugins on Debian Ubuntu on the node machine and restart the daemon using its init script The command munin node configure shell will show you link commands tor some of the plugins provided with the distribution Wild Card and autoconf Plugins There are two types of plugins For plugins that are indepen dent of additional parameters the link name equals the plugin name Sometimes however a plugin can monitor several items of the same type for example several network interfaces such as ethO and eth1 In this case it would be stupid to hard code the interface name into the plugin Instead you provide this information in the name of the symlink Plugins capable of this are called wild card plugins and their names end with an underscore If you for example want to monitor the ethO interface with the wild card plugin if_ the link pointing to the if_ plugin would be if_ethO ls al etc munin plugins if_eth Llrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 28 2008 06 27 23 53 gt etc munin plugins if_eth gt usr share munin plugins if_ Llrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 28 2008 06 27 23 53 w etc munin plugins if_ethl gt usr share munin plugins if_ Almost all plugins provided with the Munin distribution belong to the plugin family auto and can be run with the autoconf argument In this case they check whether they are able to provide meaningful results For exa
94. er example of a rigid approach in the Munin architecture is the fixed resolution of data Not all data changes fast enough that the five minute interval is appropriate Unfortunately a configuration option for individual plugins remains an item on the wish list On the other hand Munin allows quite powerful configuration for plugins by means of environment variables set in the etc munin plugin cont d directory Because the documentation could be more extensive and because the code isn t well commented the English and German users mailing lists remain helpful resources m Patricia Jung trish lj trish de works as a freelance technical writer editor community manager and system administrator specializing in open source topics from Munich Germany Resources Munin munin projects linpro no Integration with Nagios munin projects linpro no wiki HowToContactNagios RRDtool oss oetiker ch rrdtool Munin Exchange muninexchange projects linpro no rrdgraph man page oss oetiker ch rrdtool doc rrdgraph en html System on Module Internet PPR angine e Atmel ARM9 400Mhz CPU fE re lt sfopni T gt e e 6 Serial Ports amp 2 SPIs fea e Up to 60 Digital GPIOs e 10 100 BaseT Ethernet ii e SODIMM Bus Expansion mar gemana ATI Ir e SSC I2S Audio Interface te f pou Babe ae e Linuxwwith Eclipse IDE e Real Time Clock Calendar e SD MMC Flash Card Interface e Up to 512 MB Flash amp 64 MB RAM e 2 USB 2
95. erything in between The technology behind most backup systems however tends to be much more limited Using classic tools such as tar and gzip to back up and compress is still very common under the surface of much more 26 april 2009 www linuxjournal com complex tools This is true even when using net work resources In the end you are backing up trom one machine to another Many people know including those with small businesses do this for their regular backups Machine A backs to machine B which backs to C which backs to A The machines and their drives are all part of a network Hey instant cloud and you probably didn t know you had one This is where rsync another popular backup tool shows its worth As the name implies rsyncs keep a backup copy of your data in sync with the original It can do it locally from one physical drive to another or across your network Because only those Tiles that have been modified are transferred the process can be very quick You can do this with single files whole directories and subdirectories while maintaining file ownership and permissions links symbolic links and so on rsync has its own transport or you can use OpenSSH to secure the transfer and of course there are some great front end graphical tools to make the process a little slicker You can find rsync at rsync samba org but you probably don t even have to look that far Many distributions load it when you
96. es from everywhere government academia corporate security and the underground We exist to promote and improve information security by facilitating the timely sharing of accurate actionable security knowledge Black Hat Join us for a full slate of hands on training sessions and four BRIEFINGS AND TANNE exciting tracks of presentations from the best minds in the information security space all with a special focus on the needs ee of government and infrastructure security BLACK HAT DC 2009 FEBRUARY 16 19 ARLINGTON VIRGINIA REGISTER NOW AT BLACKHAT COM USE CODE BHDC9LJMAG TO SAVE 100 ON BRIEFINGS REGISTRATION NORTHROP GRUMMAN Ber BlackBerry GIGAMON l Active ji Looking Glass SYSTEMS Microsoft BE COMPREHENSIVE COMPUTER SECURITY SERVICES e norman SAIN splunk gt amp stillSecure TRUSTED wm COLUMNS WORK THE SHELL least ten letters long and occur infrequently Here s dots to the grep regular expression until weeded how l Il do that out almost all of the results could also have used 10 to get ten character or longer matches t coe ir T ero 4 Some of these words obviously are more common tr upper lower in everyday parlance than in these particular books tr d punct tr d 0 9 however such as advertisement which I m sure sort uniq c sort n occurs more than once every 500 000 words in nor D SE 4 us sdavnxaracenres head mal conversation
97. es redirecting a egitimate URL to an attacker s IP address rather than that site s real IP so they re difficult to protect against in URL or domain black lists At any rate none of the free blacklists I ve looked at include a phishing category Spyware however is a common blacklist category and a good blacklist contains thousands of sites known to propagate client side code you almost certainly don t want executed on your users systems Obviously no URL blacklist ever can cover more than a tiny fraction of the actual number of hostile Web sites active at any given moment The real solution to the problem of hostile Web sites is some combination of client endpoint security controls better Web browser and operating system design and in advancing the antivirus software industry beyond its reliance on virus signatures hashes of known evil files which it s been stuck on for decades Nevertheless at this very early stage in our awareness of and ability to mitigate this type of risk blacklists add some measure of protection where presently there s very little else So regardless of whether you need to restrict user activity per se blocking access to porn and so forth a blacklist with a well maintained spyware category may be all the justification you need to add blacklisting capabilities to your Web proxy SquidGuard can be used to add blacklists to the Squid Web proxy If you re serious about blocking access to site
98. eturn 1 driver device gt getVideoDriver Smgr device gt getSceneManager smgr gt addSkyBoxSceneNode dbiver gerlextureC 2raphy itrlicht2 up jog driver gerlextupe 2 e2raph itrlient2 dn jog driver gerlextupe eraphy itrlicht2 lf jog OFIVE Seriexcuhet ErEDn irr Licht2 Gtejoe OriVer sevlexcuhe eraphy ihr licht2 TE JOE or iver gt getlextUre l Jeren Ihr licht2 lk Joge s smgr gt addLightSceneNode 0 vector3df 0 100 0 video S Coroni Of 1201 OO OCORRE smgr gt setAmbientLight video SColorf 255 0 255 0 255 0 74 april 2009 www linuxjournal com 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 Syl 52 56 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 13 74 75 camera smgr gt addCameraSceneNodeFPS 0 30 0f 90 0f 1 0 0 false 0 0f camera gt setPosition vector3df 30 10 30 ground smgr gt getMesh graph grass obj ground_node smgr gt addMeshSceneNode ground ground_node gt setScale vector3df 1000 1 1000 ground_node gt setMaterialFlag EMF_LIGHTING false material setTexture 0 driver gt getTexture graph building tga house smgr gt getMesh graph building obj for nt 1 0 145 i 4 house_node smgr gt addMeshSceneNode house NGUSemnoge seilocdile VECLOrsal 5 re Nousenmode SeLPosit ion Vectorsdt 30 145 60 30 house_node gt getMaterial Q m
99. ext thing you know he ll be complaining because he can t embed his PowerPoint presentation into the body of his Thunderbird e mail BILL Hey even you dug the data center calculator spreadsheet came up with Fear my OpenOffice org mojo seem to remember you wanting to learn the formula fu for that one KYLE Heh don t remember that part I d be too scared I d wake up the next morning with pointy hair BILL You have to have hair long enough to be pointy KYLE Back on topic man Another great thing about Mutt is that it makes it easy to check local mail on any server in your environment It s much better than installing X libs or firing up less on var spool mail BILL Now that is a point will concede which is why do maintain a Mutt instance on my colo d server to access via ssh But use it only about once a year And every time do feel the pain of the interface Reminds me of the first time tried to use Debian s dselect program KYLE Do you remember when you had too many messages in your INBOX to delete and Thunderbird choked remember you asking me about my mutt fu then too BILL No that was Exchange s IMAP support choking not Thunderbird have more messages in my Zimbra mail and it handles mass deletes just fine KYLE Ahh yet another mail pro gram eh Right All know is how quickly Mutt churned through all of those e mail messages BILL Back to speed again
100. gure 2 Departures from Munich Airport January 2 2009 The graph_args variable allows the plugin to forward argu ments to the RRDtool graphing routine see the rrdgraph man page Forwarding the option base 1000 the muc plugin ensures that a k kilo unit prefix as displayed in the graph equals 1000 not 1024 The lower limit 0 influences RRDtool s autoscaling It makes sure that the displayed y axis always will range at least from O The graph_category tells the Munin master in which category Figure 1 the relevant diagrams are to be displayed This allows you to group diagrams in a logical way The diagrams of plugins that do not specify the graph_category variable can be found in the Other category The muc data will be presented in our own new category titled Departures How Individual Parameters Are Displayed In addition to these variables related to the entire graph you also can specify details for each parameter the plugin monitors so in the case of the muc plugin calling boarding departed planned and cancelled The lt parameter gt label variable sets the legend entry for lt parameter gt lt parameter gt draw specifies the type of diagram the lt parameter gt data is to be presented as AREA asks the Munin master to draw the relevant curve and fill the entire area between the x axis and data point with color Parameter data of the drawing type STACK will be stacked on top of this basic area This way we sum u
101. h torun The first script starts the links2 Web browser mentioned previously But it also starts the mini_webapp_s sh script in parallel to act as a very simple Web server with application execution capacities This second script executes the output of a pipeline command composed of netcat awk and urldecoder which extracts the filename of the script to execute Netcat nc is a very simple command Like the traditional cat command netcat simply copies data from an input stream to an output stream the only difference is that these streams can be network data The l flag listen mode specifies that netcat s input comes from the network The p 80 and s 127 0 0 1 options indicate that the input will come on port 80 the HTTP default port from IP address 127 0 0 1 localhost Netcat s function is to redirect any HTTP request like the one below to the awk filter GET scripts syncroWindows sh HTTP 1 1 Host localhost User Agent etc The awk command extracts the script filename found on the HTTP GET line and passes it to the urldecoder sh script through a second pipe urldecoder sh is a well known script used to convert a URL with special characters such as blank spaces to a valid filename The parser pipeline finishes when the HTTP of the GET line is found Then the variable torun is set with its output and immediately executed In the example above the user has selected the MS Windows fast restore and the HTT
102. hat appears to be floating just above the ground also apply a purple skin to it Sure purple floating cubes are one thing but on line 67 make it rotate in space To add to the visual effect specify that the cube revolves once per second around the X axis while revolving around the Y axis twice a second and finally it revolves around the Z axis three times a second The result is a cube that floats in space and spins around in an apparently random fashion Lines 68 72 are the main run loop The run method returns true until users press the Esc key indicating they want to end the game If this game needed to move objects around does not emit light on its own At this point have a sky some light to see by a camera to see with and some ground to stand on But it gets better put in a few background objects in lines 46 54 In this block of code create my first material by reading in an external texture file This material then will be applied to the meshes as add them to my scene On line 47 read in the mesh that eventually will be used to add a row of stone houses to my scene Inside the loop add them to the scene scale them position them in a row and turn them around a bit Finally on line 52 apply the material that created on line 46 Figure 1 shows what s inside building tga it s what might happen if you thought of the house as simply a box and unfolded it so all of its sides f
103. he various other render engines that Irrlicht supports In line 26 check to make sure the call to createDevice was successful If it wasn t successful its Game Over literally Lines 27 and 28 initialize a few objects that I ll use throughout the rest of the code The driver object allows me to change various aspects of how the window is rendered l Il use this object in the next code block The smgr object is the scene manager object and is the object use to add objects to my scene such as cameras lights and other objects In lines 29 35 set up what s known as a skybox A skybox is exactly what it sounds like Imagine a giant box that Is set down over a scene each face of the box having a different mural on It So if you were to look to the west you would see the mural on the western face of that skybox And if that mural were a picture of a sunset it would present the illusion that you were looking at a real sunset In my example here use the skybox textures that came with the Irrlicht tutorials A common mistake that first time Irrlicht users make is building up their scene by adding all kinds of models and various types of objects but when they go to display their creation they don t see anything but black You can t see anything without light add a light object as well as some ambient light in lines 37 39 At this point in the code get my first introduction to what s known as a vector A vector is simply an ob
104. hough not free software and has a feature set that is on par with and sometimes even exceeds Exchange If you are not running an MS only shop Zimbra is the best alternative E Zimbra is extremely good though not light on resources and It requires a dedicated server to run It does work flawlessly with free clients like Thunderbird and Evolution while having good support for Outlook The downside is that it is not completely free the YPL is open source but entirely free mM Zimbra hands down If you re looking for an open source alternative to Exchange one of the most important things to look at is the community The Zimbra community on the forums is awesome and the Zimbra Staff really pay attention to what we as the community say M also have used Zimbra free for my other gigs and it has worked well but the pack aging of Zimbra is not very desirable mM love Zimbra as it has a cohesive PIM suite that simply and seamlessly syncs with my mobile devices M We switched to the Zimbra Open Source version and it is working quite well There was some initial resistance from users but that has largely dissipated over a couple months of use E Zimbra Network Edition not the free OSS edition gives full Outlook integration and prob ably works just as good as Exchange function ality wise Unfortunately for my customers very small business Zimbra s pricing is not up to pa
105. hout a console which creates a tty and invokes login Any active zone service also can be used such as XDM SSH and FTP to allow other forms of login Listing 5 Log In to a Zone Connect to zone s console g zone zlogin C e red zone Login without a console must always be root g zone Zlogin red zone r zone zonename red zone We now have a zone defined installed and running The examples presented here illustrate some of the administrative tasks associated with zones reboot shutdown halt and deletion of an Ix branded zone Pay close attention to the shell prompts to identify the zone in which each command is run The zone creation steps are straightforward and simple The process may take only a few steps but they are manual and error prone The zonetool pl utility see Resources automates the zone creation process and includes detailed POD docu mentation Run zonetool p without arguments or with the help option to display usage details Listing 7 shows an example of using zonetool pl With relatively small amounts of disk and memory resources a single physical server can host hundreds of zones Each zone is usable by any number of users and a single user zone provides extreme flexibility A single user can create more than one zone to test both server and client environments and the applica tions will believe they are on unique physical hosts A zone user may have use of the zone s unique root password or
106. i Level 21 30 21 30 12 T2 departed boarding The Web page lists five flight states calling boarding departed planned which means delayed and cancelled We will count them for the current time interval and return them on the standard output like this calling value 0 boarding value 1 departed value 1 planned value 0 cancelled value 0 To determine the current time we could use the following date command date H M 21 30 and grep for this string in the links dump Unfortunately mat ters are a bit more complicated The airport s departure timetable lists all flights in five minute slots But even though the cron job on the Munin master is configured to run at zero five ten and SO On minutes past the hour we can t be sure it will run exactly on time That s why our plugin uses a modulo operation executed by bc to round down the current minutes accordingly and combine hour and minutes in a case construction TIME date H MIN echo date M 5 5 bc case MIN in 0 TIME TIME 00 5 TIME TIME 05 TIME TIME MIN esac Now the TIME variable contains only hour minute pairs in which the minutes are a multiple of five Stop interpolating There s another complication when the Munin master stores the values retrieved from the plugin in the relevant RRDs at a point in time deviating from the exact planned time that RRDtool interpolates the
107. ics online configuration tools to order your server you receive exactly what you specified correctly configured and ready to perform Johnny sized up the new 1U server from Silicon Mechanics the Rackform nServ A108 and he s excited about its energy efficiency and cost effectiveness The AMD Opteron 1000 Series processors available with this server are offered in low power consumption models and the A108 boasts an 86 efficient power supply With a starting configuration price below 750 the Rackform nServ A108 makes an outstanding entry level server When you partner with Silicon Mechanics you get more than an energy efficient and cost effective server configured just the way you want it you get an expert like Johnny Amecuanics 7 mechanics For more information about the Rackform nServ A108 visit www siliconmechanics com A108 Silicon Mechanics and the Silicon Mechanics logo are registered trademarks of Silicon Mechanics Inc AMD the AMD Arrow logo AMD Opteron and combinations thereof are trademarks of Advanced Micro Devices ne COLUMNS AT THE FORGE write your own jQuery plugins REUVEN M LERNER The past two months this column has looked at the jQuery library for JavaScript programming jQuery is one of several popular libraries like Prototype YUI and Dojo that have sprouted up in the last few years making it possible to use JavaScript in ways that make the Web more satisfying a
108. ies while retaining the stable traits and merits of the Linux kernel 2 6 x www sysbase com E E J DranchingCode java J Samples java IJ Money java fi similar Code Compar gt H C d P A X 3 gt CodePro mere Evaluation a 7 CodePro Analytix Evaluation n sta n ti ati O n S O e ro n a yt EF com instantiations example miscellaneous fP com instantiations example miscellaneous J DranchingCode line 10 J DranchingCode line 10 a P BranchingCode ine 54 3 BranchingCode ine 54 If Java s your gig take note of the latest v6 0 release of Instantiations CodePro Analytix a code review tool for Eclipse Java Instantiations asserts A I h H else 1f x 7 else af x 7 that CodePro Analytix s new product features will help developers ra decrease potential code security vulnerabilities early in the software devel return 11002 return 110902 r i are E at ay nae opment life cycle improve Java code quality and reduce development costs a rer through increased developer productivity Core product features include Saaie Ue aee iR code audit metrics automated unit tests and team collaboration New i i eise i eise i features include 25 new OWASP based rules two new audit rule categories it 2 gt 20 it BB gt 20 i f l i return 11009 return 11009 Web services and threads and synchronization mock objects to simulate elee if B lt 20 else if EE
109. imize productivity and optimize your IT budget An established manufacturer celebrating our 15th anniversary ZT combines individualized attention to your requirements with the experience and scalability you demand All ZT Systems are assembled and serviced in the USA Choose ZT Systems and get e Custom Configurations e Professional Grade Quality e Personalized Account Service e Superior Value ZT Reliant SC1256i 40 mall Business Server Entry level Single Socket Solution Starting at Only 749 ZT SC1256i 40 ZT Systems 1105Ri 82 1U Rack Server Entry level file web email Server Solution Starting at Only 949 ZT 1105Ri 82 C000001 ZT Systems 1213Ri 84 1U Rack Server Data Center Network Infrastructure and Cluster Solution Starting at Only 4 249 ZT 1213Ri 84 C000001 ZT Systems 4202Ci 84 4U Tower Rack Server Convertible Tower Rack SMB Solution Starting at Only 4 649 ZT 4202Ci 84 C000001 e Intel Core 2 Quad Processor Q8200 4GB DDR2 800MHz SDRAM 2 x 2GB e 2 1 5TB SATAII 32MB Hotswap Hard Drives Max 4 e 16X DVD ROM Drive Intel Xeon Processor X3220 4GB DDR2 800MHz ECC Unbuffered SDRAM 2 x 2GB e 2 500GB SATA Enterprise Hard Drives Max 4 e 16X DVD ROM Drive e Single Intel Xeon Processor E5410 dual capable 4GB DDR2 ECC REG SDRAM 2 x 2GB e 2 500GB SATAII 32MB Hotswap Hard Drives Ma
110. in by creating a basic JavaScript program using jQuery that turns text into Ubbi Dubbi when the mouse cursor hovers over It Let s start with a simple HTML file called ubbi html Listing 1 As you can see there is no JavaScript in this file Rather we will use the unobtrusive style that jQuery encourages writing our JavaScript in a separate file ubbi js Listing 2 which we then include by means of a lt script gt tag The HTML itself is not very surprising or exciting We have two paragraphs of text each of which has the class ubbi assigned to it In the JavaScript file we use the ubbi selector to set handlers for the mouseover and mouseout events This is where the magic really happens When the mouse hovers over the specified paragraph the text is transformed into Ubbi Dubbi When the mouse moves away the text returns to its original form The translation depends on our ubbify function There are plugins for almost any type of functionality you can imagine from GUI widgets to navigational aids to textual transformations which is defined as follows function ubbify text return text replace aeiou gi ub 1 The above JavaScript function takes a single textual argument It replaces any vowel with the string ub followed by the letter that was replaced Admittedly there s a bug here related to capitalized words that begin with a vowel Fixing that is left as an exercise for the reader Our mou
111. ing Metallica trust me If were an enthusiast setting up at home and didn t mind scouting around for text files or spending some hours making your own I d use this program If were going into the karaoke business myself I d probably still use this program given the amount of control you have and the ability to play original sound files With the gorgeous graphics and well thought out interface for karaoke this is probably your best bet Editra Advanced Text Editor editra org For those looking for an advanced text editor that runs across the main three plattorms of Linux Windows and Mac OS without being too bulky this might be for you According to the Web site Editra is a general extensible multiplat form text editor with an implementation that focuses on creating a clean and easy to use Interface with features that aid in code development Currently it Supports syntax highlighting and a variety of other useful features for more than 60 programming languages Installation didn t run into any weird dependencies with this one but it does require wxPython 2 8 3 or higher which already had installed Although there are binary packages available only tor Windows and Mac OS there Is a source package for Linux and compiling Editra is pretty painless Head to the Web site grab the latest tarball and extract it Open a terminal in the folder and enter the following command either as root or sudo
112. ion 3 include an updated UI physical and virtual asset and inventory discovery a physical to virtual migration analyzer and virtualization analytics A free version supporting up to five CPU sockets or 25 virtual machines is available for download from ToutVirtual s Web site www toutvirtual com V Trusted ones Rus Blancco Kit That Linux is the ideal OS for safeguarding data is logical Meanwhile the Blancco Kit from Blancco Ltd deploys Linux for exactly the opposite to erase data safely from PCs The recently upgraded Blancco Kit is a portable tool for performing data erasure at multiple sites such as at dispersed warehouses storing obsolete computers Blancco claims that in a single day just one engineer can erase 160 computers and share detailed reporting to meet compliance requirements as well as label the machines for resale or redeployment The kit consists of a laptop PC with the Blancco Management Console and supporting applications as well as a manual and label printer The stylish aluminum case meets airline regulations as carry on baggage www blancco com a lt Arkeia Network Backup The new version 8 0 of Arkeia Network Backup is a backup and disaster recovery solution dedicated to supporting virtualized server environments Version 8 0 extends Arkeia s deployment support for physical backup appliances and traditional software to support for virtual backup appliances which the firm s
113. is Zones combined with the power of Linux opens a huge new frontier of development freedom trom the enterprise environment to the single desktop With Solaris Zones it s easy to define create install and execute Linux Ix branded zones This article introduces x branded zones and presents the necessary tools for each step of the zone management process Readers should have some understanding of a chroot environment and the basic concepts of virtual machines VMs and the features they provide Knowledge of these concepts is not required but it will help in conveying what a zone Is and create a better platform for understanding Zones Simplified So what is a zone A zone provides security and virtualization in a unique way The Solaris Zone has its own filesystem with a root directory system files and so on like that of the primary environment of the physical system The private root Tilesys tem one per zone gives it the ability to be fully configurable 68 april 2009 www linuxjournal com and flexible A zone provides nearly the same experience as the main OS In this regard it is like a VM without the VM hardware emulation layer The zone is provided with an operating environment but without a private dedicated kernel The lack of a dedicated kernel is a huge performance enhancement when you expe rience the boot process you will see how fast it is compared to a normal boot User and administrator experience within the zon
114. it flat on a piece of paper then added a slate texture and a label to each face When apply this material to the mesh in line 52 the faces trom building tga are wrapped around the model to form an object that appears to be made of stone This process is known as UV mapping Lines 55 61 expose as much com plexity as you re going to see in this short example Here reuse the material variable which is probably bad form but this is only meant to be a quick demon stration This time I m reading in a UV Gigabit ports MULTI Gig options High capacity bandwidth plans including www CARI NET LJ 888 221 5902 3000 GB month for 200 5000 GB month for 375 10000 GB month for 800 Custom clusters with private VLANs Flexible storage and RAID options Intel Premium Partner intel Numerous OS choices Linux or Windows FREE 24x7 6 Star support carinet Better Servers Better Service www linuxjournal com april 2009 75 INDEPTH Figure 2 The Completed Scene such as flying missiles or attacking bad guys those game updates would take place between the call to beginScene and the call to drawAll Finally when users press the Esc key release some resources in line 73 and the program returns to the oper ating system can compile the program with a command that resembles this one g 1lj cpp LIrrlicht 1GL LXxf86vm 1LXext 1X11 lenet Ljpeg lpng o game See Figure 2
115. ity 4 N 4 fi 7 Ned maa y y l q j g y E F 7D A f May 4 7 2009 Las Vegas Hilton www railsconf com REGISTER NOW AND SAVE 15 Use discount code RCO9LJ O a a iai A hmi f a amp e RAILSCONF Co presented by and Ruby Central Inc O Reilly Media Inc v Becoming location aware conferences oreilly com where REGISTER NOW amp SAVE I5 Not Just for Server Networks Anymore Using a combination of open source technologies you can build an unattended network based OS installer that can save you huge amounts of time and even can install Windows BILL CHILDERS n the April 2008 issue of Linux Journal Kyle Rankin s article PXE Magic explains how PXE Preboot eXecution Environment works and how you can install your own PXE server and inte grate rescue tools like Knoppix along with a PXE capable Kickstart installation I ve used much of Kyle s PXE Magic before he and worked together in a previous life but recently found myself managing not only a network of Linux servers but also the entire LAN encompassing Ubuntu laptops desktops and servers along with Windows laptops 50 april 2009 www linuxjournal com desktops and servers found myself imagineering a PXE server that would not only allow me to kickstart servers and boot rescue tools off the network but that also could provide a te
116. ject that has more than one numerical component In this case it s a vector3df object which simply means it s composed of three floating point components You can think of these components as X Y and Z or perhaps up down left right and forward backward Essentially a vector allows you to store a location in 3 D space The SColor vector in line 39 also has three elements In this Figure 1 3 D Texture Represented in Two Dimensions www linuxjournal com april 2009 73 INDEPTH Listing 1 Irrlicht Sample Program 1 nu A WwW 10 11 l2 i 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 3il 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 FINncLUGe lt Thhy LIGhity Ihr lient ie include unistd h using namespace irr using namespace irr core using namespace irr video using namespace std IrrlichtDevice device video IVideoDriver driver scene SceneManager smgr scene CameraSceneNode camera scene AnimatedMesh ground scene IMeshSceneNode ground_node scene AnimatedMesh house seene IMeshseenecNode house_node scene AnimatedMesh avatar scene I AnimatedMeshSceneNode avatar_node video SMaterial material scene ISceneNode cube int main video EDT_SOFTWARE 7video EDI INUEL video EDT_OPENGL device createDevice video EDT OPENGL dimension2d lt s32 gt 640 480 16 false true if device 0 r
117. kexec l and finally they execute the new OS kernel with kexec e The OS kernel must be an ELF executable SESAMI EFFICIENT COMPUTERS WITH PRE INSTALLED UB GS Lo8 Fanless Pico ITX System Ultra Compact Full Featured Computer Excellent for Industrial Applications 3677 Intel Core 2 Duo Mobile Syster Range of Intel Based Mainboards Available Excellent for Mobile amp Desktop Computing DISCOVER THE ADVANTAGE OF MINI ITX Bel ile Mm SUPPLY solution va www logicsupply com For Linux this is the kernel file directly but for MS Windows we use the GRUB bootloader you should replace the NTLR default bootloader with the GRUB bootloader before saving the client MS Windows image on the server Finally you need a GRUB bootloader such as Grub4dos with built in BIOS disk emulation and an ATAPI CD ROM driver This is needed because the thin client execution overwrites the BIOS and most MS Windows versions still rely on some BIOS interrupts for video timers and disk related hardware I O Script Execution The final consideration to get FreeBoo working is in respect to the execution of the script Tiles We have one script file for each of the Robinson gt on ae podcaster Luke Ski Tom Smith elite filkers faming Quest Jane Ma gt vse oa Alternate ric et Rasmus Lerdorf trics Raymond 4 reator of piip spokes i tack ofionor Candufab org p prints 3D sculptures made of sugar
118. king Listing 1 shows how to define a network interface for use by an Ix branded zone With zonecfg you can create a minimal zone definition set the zone s name set its installation path and type and include a network interface A minimum definition requires only the branding zone name and the installation path The zonecfg command must be executed as the superuser In the examples here the shell prompt is used to illustrate from which zone a command is run The initial example below indicates the shell is within the global zone and ready to define a non global zone by the use of the zonecfg command Note ZFS denoted or hinted at by path names is used for performance however it is not required Feel tree to use any appropriate directory path to build one or more zones Adjust the paths accordingly to match your local environment Items to consider are zonepath and network values Change these to match available storage local network requirements and available network interface The first command shows that execution is in the global zone The zonecfg command defines the name of the zone the installation path and network attributes The final command lists all configured and running zones Once a zone is defined use the zonecfg INDEPTH Listing 1 Defining an lx Zone List the name of the current zone g zone zonename global Start the zone definition action and define it as 1x SUNWLX is the Sun provided lx
119. l operating systems even Windows by using a remote booted Linux kernel Once you understand the nuances of PXE booting it s amazing the things you can do without even a local boot device Add to that Christina Barrado and Sebastian Galiano s article on FreeBoo and you ll be able to install restore and dual boot in no time or at least in less time than with conventional methods FreeBoo is an open source alternative to programs like Rembo Using PXE and FreeBoo will make booting and restoring multiple operating systems much easier than ever before Once your systems are up and running it s the system administrator s job to keep them that way Applications such as Munin can keep track of long term trends In fact Munin can keep track of more than just system logs and Patricia Jung tells us all about it Whether you use Munin or you just grep system logs when the inevitable problem comes along it s important to know what to do And Kyle Rankin explains how to salvage a hard drive when the mysterious Master Boot Record fails Thankfully he goes into a little more detail than the standard Windows answer Sometimes fdisk mbr isn t enough GRUB is a bit more robust than that thank 10 april 2009 www linuxjournal com you very much Victor Burns shows us an intriguing new method for dual booting between Linux and Solaris No I m not talking about full virtualization or standard dual booting I m talking about runni
120. l Inc 4 2 billion f5 big ip though dell com Dell laptops is linux and a couple of foo dell com sites are unknown HP Home amp Home Office Store 3 4 billion hp ux OfficeMax Inc 3 2 billion f5 big ip with a mix of solaris windows server 2003 linux and unknown among other officemax sites Apple Inc 2 7 billion unknown but the company uses linux through akamal for a number of foo apple com sites Sears Holding Corp 2 6 billion includes Sears com and Kmart com for sears com linux plus some unknown solaris t5 big ip and windows server 2003 for sears com mx For kmart com linux through akamal plus linux with and without akamai for various foo sears com sites Kmart com au Is windows 2000 Most of the rest are linux plus a couple unknown and one f5 big ip 9 CDW Corp 2 4 billion the top result is linux for www cdw com through akamai cdw com sans dubs is f5 big ip The rest are a mix of linux and f5 big ip with one windows server 2003 10 Newegg windows server 2003 though linux shows up in five out of the nine foo newegg com results Although that summation is far from a complete picture or even a completely accu rate one for this Top Ten it s clear that the picture can t be painted without linux as the most primary color DOC SEARLS Even More Videos on LinuxJournal com We love Web videos We especia
121. l com april 2009 69 INDEPTH command to update or delete a zone configuration Note that not all properties can be updated or added after a zone has been installed Generally properties with this restriction are ones related to native zone definitions not Ix branded zones For properties that can be changed after a zone is installed the zone should be in a halted State or rebooted to make the change active The first example shows the red zone as configured This Listing 3 Install a Zone List the zone definition from Listing 1 g zone zonecfg z red zone info zonename red zone zonepath zpool01 zones red zone brand 1x autoboot false bootargs pool Limitpriv scheduling class jip type shared net address 192 168 1 10 physical e1000g0 7 une sO Tiles g zone ls zpool01 rh media rhel30 AS U6 phel s U6 13986 daS disel S0 rnel 3 U6 1306 aS d1se3 11s rhel 3 u6 1386 as disc2 1so frhel 3 u6 1386 as disc4 iso Install Linux desktop distribution g zone zoneadm z red zone install d Zpool01 rh media rhel30 AS U6 desktop Installing distribution Red Hat Enterprise Linux 3 Update 6 Installing cluster desktop Installing miniroot for zone red zone Attempting to locate 30 packages Installing 1 miniroot package Attempting to locate 29 packages Installing 29 miniroot packages Installation of zone red zone completed successfully Details saved to log file
122. llenge Cash Prize 200000 Two hundred Thousand USD User Interface development based on OpenWrt Linux firmware OpenWrt is a registered trademark of OpenWrt Ga ga performance and accomplish more in less time SDR S1208 T00 559 e Supermicro Mini 1U Rackmount Server with 260W Power Supply e Supermicro Server Board w Intel 946GZ Chipset e Support up to a Dual Core Intel Xeon 3000 Series processor TPM Support 1x 3 5 Internal Drive Bay e 2x Intel 82573 PCl e Gigabit LAN Port a a erve PSP olRSacr h meni BETTER SERVICE GUARANTEED YOUR HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING HAS ARRIVED The ServersDirect Systems with the Intel Xeon Processor helps you simplify computing operations accelerate SUN Sailer STORAQE SDP sai 00 T00 SUT POU Choe HATET SDR C1303 T02 899 e 1U Rackmount Server with 400W Power Supply e Supermicro Server Board w Intel 5100 Chipset e Support Dual Intel 64 bit Xeon Quad Core or Dual Core e Support up to 48GB 667 533MHZ DDR2 ECC Reg e 2x 3 5 Hot swap SATA Drive Bay e Intel 82573V amp 82573L Gigabit Ethernet Controller SDR C3301 T16 1 359 e 3U Rackmount Server with 650W Power Supply e Supermicro Server Board w Intel 5100 Chipset e Dual Intel 64 bit Xeon Quad Core or Dual Core e Support up to 48GB 667 533MHZ DDR2 ECC Reg e 16 x 3 5 Hot swap SATA Drives Trays e Dual port Gigabit Ethernet Controller SERVERS DIRE
123. lly love Ble Eda videos that teach us new quick and easy tricks so we ve been cooking up some more videos over in the LinuxJournal com kitchen We ll have several short video tips per week in the Tech Tip of the Day section Visit us often to see some fun tricks to make your life just a little better Here s one spowers iwx v Jemna Tabs Helg To reattach a screen session Type screen r 2 ustream linuxjournal That s what it s called found out about it when a pal sent a link under the subject line Hell hath frozen over Look up the above on Google and you ll find it Blogspot Netcraft tells us is in the Google Inc of my favorites www linuxjournal com video transfer your terminal screen 18 april 2009 www linuxjournal com KATHERINE DRUCKMAN netblock and running on Linux DOC SEARLS If computers of the kind have advocated become the computers of the future then computation may someday be organized as a public utility We can envisage computing service companies whose subscribers are connected to them by telephone lines The system could develop commercially in fairly interesting ways Certain subscribers might offer services to other subscribers One example is weather prediction A weather predicting company that is a subscriber to the central computer predicts the weather but keeps the predictions in its private files If you subscribe to its se
124. lobal zones cannot create zones within themselves Figure 1 illustrates the relationship between the global zone non global zones and possible VMs Zone Branding Solaris Zones became available with the release of Solaris 10 later Open Solaris With these early releases only a native Solaris zone could be defined installed and executed With the August 2007 release Solaris Zones includes support for zone branding to allow Linux installation and execution By default a zone is defined as native unless it s defined explicitly as a Linux Ix branded zone Once a zone is branded Ix only Linux can be installed into that zone Commands The zone experience is defined by a simple command set Each command is used to manage one of the logical divisions of the zone maintenance process The primary divisions of zone admin istration are define install and execute The zone experience is very simple it involves only a few commands Two of the com mands provide support for the definition installation and setup of zones and the other two are used for a running zone mM zonectg define a zone metadata only E zoneadm install uninstall boot and query E zlogin log in to a zone or connect to its console E zonename prints the name of the zone executed within Define a Zone Use the zonecfg command to define a zone Although it is possible to define a zone without networking all examples presented here define zones with networ
125. m This way the database rarely contains the integer values our plugin returns but slightly deviating floating point values The good news is that RRDtool accepts time value pairs In this case it will refrain from interpolation The time must be given in seconds since January 1 1970 00 00 00 UTC as a prefix of the value A colon is used as the delimiter as in the following example plugin output calling value 1230841800 0 boarding value 1230841800 1 departed value 1230841800 1 planned value 1230841800 0 cancelled value 1230841800 0 1230841800 equals January 1 2009 21 30 Note that Munin versions before 1 3 4 were unable to handle plugin output using this extended format This means the following plugin code won t be compatible with older Munin versions links dump DEP_URL grep TIME gt TMP FILE UNIXTIME date d TIME 00 s echo calling value UNIXTIME grep calling TMP_FILE we 1 echo boarding value UNIXTIME grep boarding TMP_FILE wc 1 echo departed value UNIXTIME grep departed TMP_FILE wc 1 echo planned value UNIXTIME grep planned TMP FILE wc 1 echo cancelled value UNIXTIME grep cancelled TMP_FILE wc 1 The config Method Apart from the output to be generated when the plugin Is run without further arguments all plugins are required to imple ment a contig method which is executed when the plugin is run with the contig string as an argument If we name our script muc
126. m april 2009 45 NEW PROJECTS Fresh from the Labs Ultrastar Deluxe Home Karaoke Game www ultrastardeluxe org This project really caught my eye when browsing through SourceForge this month and not being a big karaoke guy this well established project more than 12 million users strong has somehow passed me by all this time For any others not in the know Ultrastar Deluxe is A free and open source karaoke game inspired by the Singstar game available on the PlayStation It allows up to six players to sing along with music using micro phones in order to score points depending on the pitch of the voice and the rhythm of singing U trastar Deluxe also runs on Linux Windows and Mac OS X Ultrastar Deluxe brings you an amazing karaoke program with gorgeous graphics The most impressive feature found was the ability to use pretty much any kind of video you want in the background including MPEG DivX YouTube flv whatever you like An extremely impres sive and professional demonstration is available on YouTube au youtube com watch v uvBSeme34bE where you can see the program in action with karaoke cues taking place on top of videos from artists such as the Foo Fighters and Tenacious D Ul trastar isn t limited only to videos though Standard gameplay generally takes place with an MP3 playing with a possible artist s picture in the back ground while the program takes information such as timing
127. mbo Other PC compatible dual boot options include Norton BootMagic OSL2000 or the MSTBOOT commercial systems and the GRUB open source software solu tion But none of these tools can dual boot from the network Rembo is the only existing tool that provides the option of restoring any of the computer s saved images And very important once the image is recovered the computer boots it directly Rembo is a commercial evolution of the open source BP Batch Project recently integrated into the IBM Tivoli suite Rembo introduces local disk caches for fast image restoration is able to use multicast messages and can be programmed using the Rembo C scripting language FreeBoo Architecture FreeBoo is proposed as an open source alternative solution to Rembo Instead of open source software FreeBoo is an archi tecture built from many existing open source programs In fact the number of new lines of code is insignificant We have written only eight simple scripts and have used the urldecoder script authored by Heiner Steven Figure 1 shows the global picture The open protocols used include TFTP DHCP HTTP and NFS And the open source code running either on the server or client includes PXELinux rsync partimage Apache Netcat links2 and gensplash In Figure 1 you can see which program is executed at each computer site client or server To illustrate the use of FreeBoo let s assume the following scenario ten or more desktops connected by L
128. mode and for performance Issues z level of compression Below is the code that restores full images the restoreLinux sh and restoreWindows sh scripts bin sh scripts restoreLinux sh and scripts restoreWindows sh FreeBoo scripts for full image restoring H INSERT the correct partimage command partimage f3 b s SERVER_IP restore DEST_DEVICE IMAGE partimage f3 b s 192 168 1 1 restore dev hda2 root fileImage linux continues with kexec commands Hot Boot Phase The third and most challenging FreeBoo phase is the image hot boot When we started working on FreeBoo our first idea was to enter into the Linux kernel code to write the hot boot function But while examining the code we discovered the kexec system call and its related shell commands The following two scripts are able to hot boot an OS image installed on a local drive Linux hot boot script bin sh scripts startLinux sh FreeBoo script for Linux hot boot mount dev hda2 mnt images linux kexec l1 mnt images linux vmlinuz append root dev hda2 ro quiet splash initrd mnt images lLinux boot initrd img 2 6 15 23 386 kexec e MS Windows hot boot script bin sh scripts startWindows sh FreeBoo script for Windows hot boot ntfs 3g dev hdal mnt images windows o nonempty kexec l mnt images windows grub exe kexec e Both scripts first mount the partition of the OS image then they execute
129. mple running a monitoring plugin for the Exim MTA makes sense only if you re running the Exim mail server If your system does not fulfill the prerequisites to run a specific autocont enabled plugin it will provide you with meaningful hints usr share munin plugins exim_mailqueue autoconf no exim not found To get an overview of all preinstalled plugins that implement the autoconf method simply run munin node configure suggest Plugin Used Suggestions ge eee eae eee aaa Penal exim_mailqueue no exim not found seca Ti yes eee 64 april 2009 www linuxjournal com If you want to share your own plugins with others for example at the Munin Exchange platform we recommend you have a look at the officially provided plugins to see how the autoconf method is implemented But to get started with your own plugins don t complicate your life unnecessarily Fly Away As an example let s monitor the departures at Munich Airport in five minute intervals as that is the default for the Munin cron job The departure timetable is available from a Web page and we can use a shell script and the Links text browser to dump it into a temporary file bin sh SITE http www munich airport de DEP_URL SITE en consumer fluginfo abflug index jsp viewlype t TMP_FILE tmp muc_flights links dump DEP_URL gt TMP_FILE This file now contains lines like these LH 3464 Budapest LH 726 Shangha
130. mporary environment for my users in the event that their computers broke In my mind the Holy Grail of this PXE server even would be able to install Windows machines via the network After a fair amount of trial and error finally figured out the recipe and in a strange twist was able to automate a network based Windows installation by bootstrapping Linux first Setting Up an Ubuntu Terminal Server knew one of my goals for this system would be to give the users of my network an environment they could PXE boot to in a pinch something that would appear familiar to them as well as allow them the ability to perform basic tasks like check e mail surf the Web instant message and so on Luckily much of our staff here runs Ubuntu on the desktop so the decision to implement an Ubuntu Terminal Server using the Linux Terminal Server Project LTSP was a simple one Like any PXE implementation the LTSP server requires a TFTP server a properly configured DHCP server and the syslinux software In a nutshell the client boots the PXE code in the network adapter runs the machine gets a DHCP address and the address of a server to grab the syslinux code via TFTP and then it actually runs a TFTP client and downloads that code and executes it starting the boot process Thanks to the hard work of the Ubuntu LTSP maintainers setting up the server was fast and easy There are two paths you can take to install an LTSP server normal or s
131. ms I ve ever noticed any IMAP issues on were ones back ended on Exchange Mutt always has gotten fast notifications from my Linux based IMAP servers BILL And Exchange is perhaps the most popular mail server in corporate environments KYLE What about the RAM footprint wanted to get some metrics for this column from top but www linuxjournal com april 2009 77 POINT COUNTERPOINT when launched it and sorted by RAM Mutt didn t even show up on the console had to stretch my terminal until it filled the entire screen before could tind the Mutt process BILL My Thunderbird process shows it eating mean using 128MB of RAM don t mind have 4 gigs in this thing What about calendar integration Thunderbird offers a plugin called Lightning to integrate my Google Calendar in one interface Try that with Mutt KYLE Oh that s right you have a Sport Utility Laptop with 4GB of RAM In any case never under Stood checking your calendar with your e mail pro gram It always seemed like two unrelated things unless guess you were born and raised on Outlook BILL Here s a clue most of the world was born and raised on Outlook KYLE My magic eight ball says Outlook not so good Anyway another great thing about Mutt is that can check my e mail from any system in the world provided can get access to putty if its Windows or a Linux terminal to ssh into my server Bill has to downlo
132. n One significant industry discussion for the past few years has been regarding a reduction in the number of physical servers and an increase in the application to server ratio to maximize server utilization Often this increase is done via virtualization At Texas Instruments TI we have numerous data centers and design environments that thrive on the use of Linux and Solaris Typically each OS is installed on individual systems stacked high and aligned in rows throughout the data center Linux applications run on Linux Solaris applications run on Solaris Recently a new virtualization solution has emerged that enables IT professionals to combine Linux and Solaris together within one physical environment This solution reduces the number of physical systems in the computer environment and increases server work with greater efficiency One of the Solaris virtualization environments is called Solaris Zones also known as Solaris Containers Through the development of Open Solaris Solaris Zones has been expanded to support zone branding Solaris Zones now enables the creation of Ix branded zones The Ix branded zone supports the installation and execution of the Linux OS and its applications When Ix branded zones are used in conjunction with the ZFS Zeta byte File System Linux environments are able to do more faster Linux always has been about technical developers and enthusiasts doing whatever moves them The security of Solar
133. n Name FQDN Munin automatically will present this machine as a member of a group named after the given domain part If you prefer to use your own groups add the relevant group name in front of the machine name in brackets here Airport the result is shown in Figure 1 Make sure you use a semicolon as the delimiter without any whitespaces before and after and decide on the group name before you start monitoring This will make life easier for you as Munin uses the group name as the name of the directory that contains the round robin databases and the diagrams in our example on an Ubuntu system Nvar www munin Airport a Overview UNI e Airport o localhost localdomain Amazon Departures Disk Network Postfix Processes System This page was generated by Munin version 1 2 4 at 2009 01 04 T 21 05 16 Figure 1 Munin s main page presents all plugins ordered by group and within a group by hostname Categories available for each host are presented in brackets The filenames of the databases and diagrams contain the hostname given in brackets If you change the content of the brackets afterward make sure to change file and directory names accordingly and before the next five minute interval is over oth erwise Munin will use new empty RRDs and you may lose data From Where to Obtain Data Use the address parameter to specify the Internet address trom which the Munin master obtains the relevant data This allows y
134. n even faster but my reflexes are slowing in my old age In fact Mutt starts up so fast that unlike other programs on my desktop cough Firefox cough don t have to leave it open just press a hotkey and launch it when have new e mail BILL just timed Thunderbird and it took about ten seconds to start up and be done checking mail Thunderbird may take ten seconds to launch and check mail in all my folders but it s not like ten seconds is a large amount of time Once it s open leave it open until l m done with the computer so it s a ten second hit once There s more to life than raw speed Good luck with LDAP lookups for corporate address books using Mutt KYLE Oh yes ten seconds sure sounds a lot like 0 8 seconds And yes LDAP lookups guess that would be a problem if Mutt weren t so extensi ble Because you can make its query command anything you want you can point to any script The Internet was kind enough to provide an LDAP query script for me and other people have queried Gmail and other contact databases BILL Whatever You need Postfix or some other MTA to send e mail What kind of ridiculousness is that Yeah another server process on my aptop to maintain and troubleshoot That sounds like a great idea Thunderbird can talk SMTP and even SMTP over TLS shocking though it may seem natively Even Eudora has enough brains to talk to an SMTP server natively and that was back in 1994 Oh
135. nd David S Miller who felt that the approach Thomas and Ingo had taken was not likely to meet the needs of real systems The debate does not seem anywhere near over and certainly Thomas and Ingo will produce some code to prove their points Probably something excel lent will come out of all this but currently the two sides have not had much of a meeting of the minds Paul has said there s no way to track a process effectively without stopping it and Thomas and Ingo say yes it can be done Time will tell ZACK BROWN LINUX JOURNAL EDITION YOU KNOW THAT THING THAT S MAKING US LOSE MONEY THE ECONOMY YEAH THAT S IT April 2009 Lowest legal price in dollars of the Ghosts I IV album by Nine Inch Nails O Price in dollars charged for Ghosts I IV at Amazon com 5 Position of Ghosts I IV among Amazon s top selling albums for 2008 1 Millions of female drivers in the UK who are putting themselves and other drivers at risk by wearing the wrong footwear when behind the wheel 11 5 Preference percentage for a higher resolution photo that isn t in a choice between two actually identical pictures 75 Billions of dollars spent annually on Internet advertising by 2011 106 Percentage of US Internet audience that viewed on line video in November 2008 77 Billions of on line videos viewed by US Internet users 12 7 Percentage increase of above over the same period in 20
136. nd responsive by incorporating desktop like behavior Part of the reason for jQuery s popularity is the huge library of plugins available for it There are plugins for almost any type of functionality you can imagine from GUI widgets to navigational aids to textual transformations Plugins make it possible to isolate and reuse certain behaviors achieving a goal known in the Ruby world as DRY don t repeat yourself As showed last month using a plugin is generally quite easy Download the plugin install any CSS and JavaScript files that come with it and then incorporate the JavaScript file into one or more HTML pages on your site using a standard lt script gt tag Listing 1 ubbi html lt DOCTYPE html PUBLIC W3C DTD XHTML 1 0 Transitional EN http www w3 org TR xhtml1 DTD xhtm11 transitional dtd gt lt html xmlns http www w3 org 1999 xhtml xml lang en Lang en gt lt head gt lt script type text javascript src jquery js gt lt script gt lt script type text javascript src ubbi js gt lt script gt lt link rel stylesheet type text css media screen href ubbi css gt lt title gt Ubbi Dubbi lt title gt lt head gt lt body gt lt h1 gt Ubbi Dubbi lt h1 gt lt p class wubb gt This is im Ubbi Dubbi lt p gt lt p class ubbi gt Today we will learn how to make cereal First pour the cereal into a bowl Then pour milk onto the cereal Finally eat the cereal with a
137. ne is one pixel thick a LINE2 line is two pixels and a LINE3 line is three pixels Cancelled flights won t reappear in the time schedule but as they will never depart we also draw them as a separate line of two pixels thick All this plugin output is written to the standard output The final version of our muc script is shown in Listing 1 Each time the Munin master asks the Munin node d mon to run a plugin using the fetch command as presented in the Telnet session above it also executes the contig method in order to find out how it should display the data in the diagram In this example the graph should be titled Departures Munich Airport Figure 2 and the y axis should be labeled Number Departures Munich Airport by month Listing 1 muc Munin Plugin Script SITE http www munich airport de DEP_URL SITE en consumer fluginfo abflug index jsp viewlype t Week 49 Week 50 Week 51 Week 52 Week 0l TMP_FILE tmp muc_flights B Calling Cur 6 60 Min Avg 6 60 Max 6 00 E Boarding 1 62 Min Avg 763 41m if test 1 contig then Max 8 00 E Departed 83 33m Min Avg 89 65m echo graph_title Departures Munich Airport Plax B Late flax B Cancelled Max 83 33m 0 00 Min Min Avg Avg 2 60 59 22m 3 00 3 43m 1 00 echo echo echo graph_vlabel Number graph_args base 1000 lower limit 0 graph_category Departures Last update Fri Jan 2 17 35 06 2009 Fi
138. network solution EtherDrive Call 1 877 548 7200 or visit our website at www coraid com International 1 706 548 7200 Fibre Channel speeds at Ethernet prices CORAID E vmware EtherDrive SAN solutions use the open ATA over Ethernet AoE lightweight network storage protocol Simple Easy to understand Easy to use AoE uses Ethernet to transport ATA disk commands without the burden of TCP IP overhead thereby enabling disk drives to become AoE devices connected directly to an Ethernet network An AoE device can be a single physical disk or a logical device made up of multiple disks An EtherDrive SAN appliance is an AoE target device Finally an affordable fast storage area network solution for your VMware ESX 3 5 installation The EtherDrive VMware ESX Host Bus Adapter empowers ESX with AoE technology to deliver EtherDrive SAN solutions for your VMware ESX 3 5 installation Shipping EtherDrive RAID solutions since 2004 Coraid boasts thousands of satisfied customers spanning a broad spectrum of the market including enterprise government educational institutions and hosting service providers Call today to order your EtherDrive solution and join the ranks of our thousands of satisfied customers technology alliance PARTNER ESX 3 5 compatible EtherDrive HBA 2009 Coraid Inc VMware is a registered trademark or trademark of VMware Inc in the United States and or other jurisdictions All
139. ng both at the same time With Solaris Zones you really can have the best of both worlds Speaking of both worlds Bill and Kyle hash it out again this month This time it s with e mail clients won t say Bill is GUI but he sure prefers it in an e mail client If you add our regular cast of columnists to this issue you ll see it s quite a great month to be a Linux Journal subscriber Mick Bauer shows us how to set up the Squid Web proxy securely Dave Taylor hones our scripting skills and Marcel Gagn shows us one of the most important things a system administrator can do back up If you re not a sysadmin don t worry about being left out this month Even though we all need to administer our own systems to some degree we ve also got information that will appeal to those readers without racks of servers to manage Mike Diehl teaches us how to program using Irrlicht to get some awesome 3 D graphics in our programs Reuven M Lerner shows us how to write plugins for jQuery Plus we have tech tips new product information and news from the Linux industry that is bound to tickle the fancy of any Penguin fan Perhaps none of us might be around when it s time to do tech support for Galaxy class starships Its unlikely we ll be able to debug code for a holodeck any time soon And to be honest don t expect to get a call requesting my help in program ming any interstellar guidance systems think it s a fair guess however th
140. ngs First Hayward compares the energy consumption of two very different machines one whose energy consumption isn t readily apparent the server to one that is more publicized the vehicle Second he shows that servers consume more energy than their compact size belies Hayward s metric of energy consumption Is the carbon footprint which is simply the quantity of carbon dioxide created by the burning of fossil fuels in energy genera tion pretty straightforward stuff can only speculate why you had such a strong emotional reaction to Hayward s quote My best guess is because it is hard for us human beings to accept that our actions are directly and gravely degrading the health of our planet It s tough news to hear Tip This is in reference to David Sinck s Tech Tip in the December 2008 issue find the following code a little simpler and also insensitive to file extensions As an aside if one is looking to open the files in an editor vim makes it easy by opening zip files in various formats Mayuresh Warunjikar PHOTO OF THE MONTH Have a photo you d like to share with LJ readers Send your submission to publisher linuxjournal com If we run yours in the magazine we ll send you a free T shirt Photo submitted by Brenton Leanhardt I made this when was in Colorado for Christmas 14 april 2009 www linuxjournal com JOURNAL At Your Service PRINT SUBSCRIPTIONS Renewing your s
141. o apt get install fp compiler fp units base fp units misc fp units fcl fp units 1386 fp utils lLibsd1l1 2 dev Libsdl imagel 2 dev portaudio19 dev lLibsqlite3 dev libfreetype6 dev Libavcodec dev libavformat dev libswscale dev You can download the source either by SVN or wget but for the sake of space we ll just run with SVN here If you don t have SVN grab it with the following command sudo apt get install subversion Open a terminal where you want to save the U trastar source and enter this command svn co https ultrastardx svn sourceforge net svnroot wultrastardx trunk usdx source SVN will save the contents to the directory usdx source Enter that directory with this command cd usdx source And compile it with these commands configure make sudo make install You can run Ultrastar Deluxe now but found with the SVN download there weren t any songs added along with it hence nothing to load up and sing along to If you check the project s Web site there are some free songs to download provided by the community Download a song s zip file and extract the contents somewhere locally Then with root or superuser permission copy the files to the tolder usr local share ultrastardx songs Once those are in place you should be good to go Usage After all that you now should be able to run the program with this command Ultrastardx Once you re in the game you ll be
142. o be completely useful is delete files If you are mirroring files and directories it stands to reason that you want the mirror to represent exactly what Is on the original If files have been deleted you want them deleted on the backup server as well This is where the delete parameter comes into play Using the earlier example let s delete that tgz Tile from the original then relaunch the command rsync av delete important_stuff is backup sending incremental file list aa deleting CookingJul08 tgz sent 4164 bytes received 25 bytes 8378 00 bytes sec total size is 41911050 speedup is 10005 03 From here on both directories will always be in sync When doing network backups this magic synchronization of files and directories is done using a client and server setup At least one machine must play the role of server although nothing is stopping you from running an rsync d mon on every one of Powerful Rhino Rhino M6400 E6500 e Dell Precision M6400 Latitude E6500 e 2 2 3 0 GHz Core 2 Duo or 2 5 GHz Core 2 Quad e Up to 17 WUXGA LCD w X 1920x1200 e NVidia Quadro FX 3700M Tablet Raven Raven X200 Tablet e ThinkPad X200 tablet by Lenovo e 12 1 WXGA w X 1280x800 e 1 2 1 86 GHz Core 2 Duo e Up to 4 GB RAM e 80 320 GB hard drive 128 GB SSD e Pen stylus input to screen e Dynamic screen rotation e 80 320 GB hard drive e Starts at 2365 e Up to 16 GB RAM e DVD RW or Blu ray e 802 11a g n e S
143. of audio under a basic recording program and play it back to make sure everything s in order and sounding decent Anyone who has the Singstar microphone from the PlayStation game should be able to use this too according to the instructions don t have either the original game or mic so can t verity this Back in the game there are settings to tweak the number of channels you can use including the number of players and even a party option with up to 12 players with three teams but don t have nearly enough space to cover that here Honestly checking out the rest of the Web site is well worth it as there s a bundle of themes available including one that will make U trastar resemble the Nintendo Wii quite appropriate given you also can use a Wii controller The links section of the Web site has instructions for a number of tools such as the in game editor and its syntax plus there s a community board for requesting songs exchanging help and so on Not only is U trastar Deluxe a great program for karaoke enthusiasts it s also a great place for musicians to get their music out there to the public for tree while having adoring teenagers singing along Proprietary solutions may be better for getting famous songs on hand straightaway but you would have to pay quite a premium for this and the last time tried karaoke one of these machines was using a very lame midi soundtrack which sounds awful when play
144. of the format jquery PLUGIN Js In this case will call it jquery ubbi js Next we need to define our ubbify function such that the global jQuery object will recognize it To do this we define ubbify inside the jQuery namespace fn ubbify function implementation goes here Listing 4 jquery ubbi js function fn ubbi function options Private function function ubbify text return text replace aeiou gi ub 1 Return the results of iterating over our inputs recurn chis eachi FUME CTIONC 4 this bind mouseover runcetTionO 4 var original_text this html this attr originalText original_text this html ubbify original_text DE this bind mouseout function this html this attr originalText SeS aa Oea TE DE P p CGOuery 24 april 2009 www linuxjournal com Wait a second what is this fn that we are defining inside of It turns out that if we want to define a global method for the jQuery object normally aliased to we must assign that function to the fn object But wait again it is possible to redefine so that it is no longer an alias to the function That allows jQuery to play nicely with JavaScript libraries such as Prototype which also uses but in a very different way For this reason many JQuery plugin tutorials tell you not to use but rather the full JQuery object like so jQuery fn ub
145. of the server s name The result should be something like this assuming a server called thevault rsync thevault website All our websites francois Files for the waiter marcel Backup area for Marcel Now pretend am on the server where my Web site Tiles live Using the following command can launch rsync to back up this entire area rsync av var www thevault website building file List The format of the rsync command is rsync options source destination which means also could start the command from thevault assuming my Web site machine also was running an rsync daemon The result would look more like this rsync av lLocalbackupdir websitemachine dom websites All this work at the command line is great but there are some tools for making the process easier particularly if you will be creating a number of rsync backups or if you want to get into more complex requirements such as scheduled backups A friendly graphical front end on your desktop also may be a greater incentive to perform regular backups or take a Grsync CookingWithLinux 2 File Sessions Help Source and Destination directories need a trailing E Browse nome writing Marcel Cooking 2009 E Browse Basic options Advanced options Extra options Preserve time Preserve permissions thevault marcel 4 4 v v Preserve owner Preserve group Delete on destination Do not leave files
146. or a bit and read the documen tation on the site Basically the Unattended system leverages PXE and Linux as stated above plus Samba for the distribution of the installation bits and a bunch of Perl shell and batch scripts to do a lot of the installation magic The documentation asks that you have a working DHCP and DNS server as well as a Samba server had the DHCP and DNS figured out for the LTSP server so as per the step by step documentation a sudo apt get install samba got the Samba server installed Next downloaded the Unattended distribution from the Web site and unpacked it in opt unattended Then created a CNAME record on our DNS server that pointed ntinstall to the real hostname of the installation server then configured the Samba server with the following share informa tion in etc samba smb conft global guest account guest unix extensions off install comment Unattended writable no locking no path path to unattended install guest ok yes Finally it was time to populate the OS distribution point with the Windows bits This is done by creating a directory under the lt unattended root gt install os directory for whatever flavor of Windows you choose to install In my case created an opt unattended install os winxp directory and mounted that directory via Samba on my desktop Then dropped the Windows installation media into the CD drive on my desktop and copied the i38
147. ou to use an intermediate slave machine to gather data trom the actual target machines without giving misleading information in the Munin Web interface What seems to complicate matters at first glance is actually a very useful feature as it allows you to restrict the plain text communication of the Munin protocol to trusted machines In addition you do not always have the opportunity to install the Munin node software on the actual target machine This is for example the case if a Munin node gathers data via SNMP In this case you must set the use_node_name parameter to no On each machine given as the value for an address param eter you need to install the Munin node software otherwise the Web pages generated by the Munin master will remain empty On Debian Ubuntu systems the relevant package is called munin node The Munin node consists of a daemon that on request from the Munin master starts the plugins responsible for collecting their specific type of data Its configuration file munin node conf is stored in the same directory as the munin cont don t confuse the two if your Munin master runs on a machine that also acts as a node munin node cont defines among other things the log file and log level the port to be used usually 4949 and most impor tant the machines that are allowed to connect to the d mon allow 127 0 0 1 In this case the regular expression 127 0 0 1 restricts access to the Munin master r
148. out there but it covers a lot of the stuff David himself uses it for on a daily basis and it may be more accessible than the more detailed docs out there One problem with running dzemons is that the init process loses track of the relationship between the d mon process and the parent pro cesses that spawned it As Scott James Remnant has discovered there doesn t seem to be any straightforward way in Linux for init to know by which process a given d mon was spawned USER FRIENDLY by J D IIliad Frazer Ji YES COPYRIGHT 2008 J D Iiliad Frazer HTTP WWW USERFRIENDLY ORG 16 april 2009 www linuxjournal com INTOLERABLE IF IT WASN T FOR THAT DAMNED LINUX WATCHAMACALLIT WE D BE GOLD LINUX WATCHAMACALLIT That information is currently lost by the spawning procedure Scott has coded up support for some new signals to carry this informa tion into the kernel If accepted into the main tree this code will allow system logs to track effectively the activities of the application that spawns any demons along with the demons it soawns Among other things this will improve debugging efforts for any applications that soawn daemons Most modern CPUs have special registers for tracking performance Things like perfmon use these but recently Thomas Gleixner and Ingo Molnar took a shot at designing something better Their initial effort actually has met with fierce resistance trom Paul Mackerras a
149. ow 4 6 weeks for processing address changes and orders PRINTED IN USA LINUX is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds PRINTED WITH SOY INK EtherDrive Network Storage The AFFORDABLE he AK A Is your budget shrinking while your network storage needs are growing Are you suffering from sticker shock induced by expensive Fibre Channel and iSCSI storage area network solutions EtherDrive SAN solutions offer Fibre Channel speeds at Ethernet prices Starting at just 1 995 for a 4TB system EtherDrive is the affordable storage area network solution With sustained access speeds from 200MBytes sec to over 600MBytes sec EtherDrive SAN solutions are fast From a 4TB single storage appliance to multi PetaByte system by simply adding more storage appliances EtherDrive SAN solutions are scalable From a single storage appliance to a network of sophisticated virtualized storage LUNs EtherDrive SAN solutions embrace virtualization Coupling Ethernet technology with SATA hard disk drives EtherDrive SAN solutions exploit commodity components to deliver affordable fast storage area network solutions that keep more green in your wallet Whether you use your own SATA compliant disk drives or our certified enterprise class disk drives you are in control EtherDrive SAN solutions accept standard SATA hard disk drives Ethernet and SATA disk drives two proven technologies in one affordable fast storage area
150. ows the minority that run Linux are the most successful non Windows non Macintosh consumer PCs in the industry in terms of penetration Forrester Analyst J P Gownder Wwww vnunet com vnunet news 2233381 netbooks sales driving linux UPFRONT FREESCALE Freescale may be the first semiconductor company to associate itself aggressively with portable Linux devices The former Motorola semiconductor division is sharply targeting the low priced Linux based Netbook market which is hot in the world market and just starting to get warm in the US Early this year Freescale launched a new processor called the 1 MX515 Cortex A8 Netbook Processor Company literature positions the part for low power gigahertz performance Netbooks at sub 200 price points According to CNET Glen Burchers director of global marketing for Freescale s consumer products group says Because the primary function of a Netbook is accessing the Internet Linux and Firefox are a good operating system and application for that purpose Freescale is developing a reference design with ASUS subsidiary Pegatron It will feature the 1GHz i MX51 processor Ubuntu Linux Adobe s Flash Player a new power management chip and the SGTL5000 ultra low power audio codec Some data E The i MX515 is a 65nm CPU based on an ARM11 Cortex A8 blueprint m Clocks from 600MHz to 1GHz E Includes the SGTL5000 ultra low power audio codec E OpenVG and OpenGL graphic
151. p all flights that in the current five minute interval are labeled calling boarding and departed The airport timetable won t correct their departure time later they all count as dispatched at this point of time 66 april 2009 www linuxjournal com echo calling label Calling echo calling draw AREA echo boarding label Boarding echo boarding draw STACK echo departed label Departed echo departed draw STACK echo planned label Late echo planned draw LINE2 echo cancelled label Cancelled echo cancelled draw LINE2 elise TIME date H MIN echo date M 5 5 bc case MIN in TIME TIME 00 5 TIME TIME 05 TIME 00ME2 HIN ESeallC TMP_FILE TMP_FILE TIME links dump DEP_URL grep TIME gt TMP_FILE UNIXTIME date d TIME 00 s echo calling value SUNIXTIME grep calling TMP_FILE wc 1 echo boarding value UNIXTIME grep boarding TMP_FILE wc 1 echo departed value UNIXTIME grep departed TMP_FILE wc 1 echo planned value UNIXTIME grep planned TMP_FILE wc 1 echo cancelled value UNIXTIME grep cancelled TMP_FILE wc 1 rm TMP_FILE fi To activate the muc plugin we simply create a symlink in the plugins directory and restart the Munin d mon In s lt path to gt muc etc munin plugins etc init d munin node restart By Telnetting from the Munin master machine to port 4949 of the node machine on which we have activated the muc plugin w
152. r s RRDtool installed On this computer you run your Munin central the Munin master Debian and Ubuntu users will find it in the munin package It consists of a set of Perl scripts to be run by the cron daemon in five minute intervals These scripts collect data from several Munin nodes archive them in round robin databases RRDs generate diagrams and update the Web pages that present them One of them dubbed munin limits also warns about values that violate limits if configured accordingly RRDs have the advantage of never changing size As time goes by older data is squashed and stored in less detail until it finally phases out completely Munin uses RRDs that store the data trom the past 48 hours in five minute resolution Average values for the past ten days are stored with a resolu tion of half an hour average values for the past 46 days are stored with a resolution of two hours and average values for the past 449 days are stored with a resolution of one day The Munin master reads the munin conf configuration tile usually placed in etc under Debian Ubuntu etc munin munin conf to find out where to ask for data and under which host name it should appear in the Web interface A typical configuration entry looks like this Airport Localhost localdomain address 127 0 0 1 use_node_name yes In brackets you put the name of the machine to be moni tored here localhost localdomain If you use a Fully Qualified Domai
153. r and compared to Windows SBS pricing even way too expensive But guess for enter prise environments it s a very good option E Zimbra is probably the best open source enterprise e mail collaboration product on the market There was some support for Google Apps E Google Apps does not have the high degree of client seamlessness that Zimbra has Web complete Outlook PIM Filters GAL etc Zimbra Desktop iPhone WAP OTA ActiveSync and so on mM We re small 20 person software company but we dropped Exchange about two years ago in favor of Google Apps We lost seamless con tact and calendar sync on some mobile phones in the office but we gained a bunch of time from our IT administrator that was otherwise spent administering Exchange We gained a great deal of stability and reliability and we gained all the benefits of Google Mail E Google uses Gmail Doesn t everybody E just throw away Exchange and use Google Apps Docs Mail as many businesses do Google Apps are so much better M Our university including our medical school and hospital went with Google and it has been a big success IBM Lotus Domino Notes was endorsed for big enterprises but not without respect for Exchange E We ve installed IBM Lotus Domino Notes at a dozen small 10 100 users businesses Its versatility is awesome It s so much more than e mail It s rock solid We run servers on SUSE
154. r types of gateways for the non Web traffic you need to route outward or if the only outbound Internet traffic you need to deal with is Web traffic My point is a Web proxy can be a very useful tool in controlling outbound Internet traffic Proxy opens opens connection to Server forwards Server s responses back to Client through Connection 1 Figure 1 How Web Proxies Work 36 april 2009 www linuxjournal com What if your organization is in a regulated industry in which it s sometimes necessary to track some users Web access You can do that on your firewall of course but generally speaking it s a bad idea to make a Tirewall log more than you have to tor forensics purposes This is because logging is O intensive and too much of it can impact negatively the firewall s ability to fulfill its primary function assessing and dealing with network transactions Accordingly its common practice mainly to log deny reject actions on firewalls and not to log allowed traffic except when troubleshooting A Web proxy therefore provides a better place to capture and record logs of Web activity than on firewalls or network devices Another important security function of Web proxies is blacklisting This is an unpleasant topic it didn t believe in personal choice and freedom wouldn t have been writing about open source software since 2000 but the fact is that many organizations have legitimate often
155. rcel website francois and so on The chief bits of information there include the path to the disk area and some kind of comment Notice that specified read only no but could just as easily have added that to the top section the one without a name in square brack ets That s the global section Anything put up there applies to all other sections but it can be overridden Pay particular attention to the gid and uid values these are the group ID and user ID to which the file transfer takes place The default is nobody but you need to make sure that Is correct for your system One of my servers does not have a nobody group but has a nogroup group instead The hosts allow section identities my local subnet as being the only set of addresses trom which trans ters can take place The log file line identities a Tile to log information from the daemon You also can specify a maximum number of connections specific users who are allowed to transfer files auth users and a whole lot more Run man rsyncd conf for the full details When your configuration is set you can launch the rsync d mon which interestingly enough is exactly the same program as the rsync command itself Just do the following rsync daemon That s it Now it s time to put this setup to use You might want to test your rsync connection by issuing the command rsync remote_host 28 april 2009 www linuxjournal com Note the double colon at the end
156. resented with an edit box to add boot parameters try using GRUB s edit command the letter e The 1 tells the kernel to boot to single user mode The system now should boot to a root prompt At this point simply use the passwd command to change the root password Another option is to boot a rescue CD or an installation CD that lets you get to the command line Once you re at 30 april 2009 www linuxjournal com a command prompt mount the system s root directory If it s not already mounted mkdir mnt system mount dev sdal mnt system Now do a chroot and reset the password chroot mnt system passwd DASHAMIR HOXHA O Gadmin Rsync 0 1 0 Run selected backup Cancelbackup Help About Qult Information rsync version 3 0 4 Status Backup is not running Backup settings Backup progress Disc Server settings wp Create new backup f Save backup gh Show backup log Schedule this backup to run at specific days via cron Y Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday Schedule this backup to run al a specific lime via cron V Hour 3 Minute 0 Figure 6 GAdmin Rsync also provides an easy way to schedule your backups with cron the Backup Progress tab to watch all the action What is nice about this program is that you can as with grsync store a number of backup definitions so you can choose to back up your documents music or digital photographs when it suits
157. riously broken no CalDAV etc E OX Scalix Zimbra are bloated and pretend to be open source Others Kolab Dovecot Gordano Bynari Postfix dovecot chandler server Axigen Communigate Mailtrust Novell Groupwise OpenExchange Zafara Sun suites There was no mention of Scalable OpenGroupware org which Francis Lachapelle and Ludovic Marcotte reviewed in April 2008 So the challenge remains Any bets on how long it will take to finish the job mi Doc Searls is Senior Editor of Linux Journal He is also a fellow with the Berkman Center for Internet and Society at Harvard University and the Center for Information Technology and Society at UC Santa Barbara YOUR RETURN ON INVESTMENT AND INFORMATION BY SQUEEZING ALL YOU CAN OUT OF EVERY GIGABYTE TERABYTE AND PENNY MANAGED HOSTING CLOUD HOSTING Starting at 20 month Pay as you grow solutions for sites apps and email Starting at 299 month Fully customized and dedicated server configurations e Customization of configurations Full OS environment control e Server storage security and network devices Dedicated Support Team built around you e Managed by certified experts 24x7x365 e Load and go websites e On demand virtual Linux servers e Fast inexpensive web storage e Easy deployment scaling and online administration e Round the clock management of infrastructure EMAIL HOSTING Starting at 3 mailbox per month Business class
158. rough this exercise repeatedly in the tech industry the lesson of history is clear closed systems have their place and time at the beginning of a new layer when users need simplicity over everything else they serve as training wheels when everyone is a newbie Eventually we grow out of the need to have our hands held and the freedom of open systems becomes attractive and we jump Dave Winer www scripting com stories 2009 01 03 helpingFriendfeed html Nobody will doubt the value of openness for the mobile industry anymore Sean Moss Pultz article gmane org gmane comp handhelds openmoko community 33625 as a thank you to our fans for your continued support we are giving away the new nine inch nails album one hundred percent free exclusively via nin com the music is available in a variety of formats including high quality MP3 FLAC or M4A lossless at CD quality and even higher than CD quality 24 96 WAVE your link will include all options all free all downloads include a PDF with artwork and credits for those of you interested in physical products fear not we plan to make a version of this release available on CD and vinyl in july details coming soon Nine Inch Nails dl nin com theslip While Linux based netbooks have not gained much consumer acceptance in the US their success varies greatly by geographical market In develop ing countries Linux based Eee PCs have fared better Even if a majority of netbooks run Wind
159. rver It was close but not quite what wanted as the ideal setup would allow anyone on our Windows domain to log in to an LTSP session Fixing this would have meant integrating the server with our corporate Active Directory That used to be a major chore unto itself but with Ubuntu 8 04 and higher it s just an apt get and a couple commands away The package that makes all this magic happen is called likewise open First ran sudo apt get install likewise open to get the likewise package After that had to get the Ubuntu server to join the Windows domain did this by running sudo domainjoin cli join lt fqdn mydomain com gt lt DomainAdminUID gt wanted likewise to run when the machine boots so issued a www linuxjournal com april 2009 51 FEATURE PXE sudo update rc d lLikewise open defaults also wanted the logins to be checked against the default domain so added the following line to the etc samba Iwiauthd cont file winbind use default domain yes Finally started the likewise open d mon using sudo etc init d lLikewise open start Now my PXE LTSP clients could authenticate against the corporate Active Directory Step one of the mission was complete Remote Console Devices Gi tense een n ee ennome ae 3 Applications Places System E Bill Childers a Thu jan 8 4 59 PM _ m Se o G To grab input press Cti G ee Figure 2 The Ubunt
160. rvice your programs can gain access to those files You may even have weather predicting programs run for your benefit to answer your own particular questions Other subscribers might furnish economic predictions The computing utility could become the basis for a new and important industry John McCarthy in 1961 At present a newspaper magazine or book is a package produced by a large organization With the information utility the physical production and distribution disappears allowing a much smaller organization to put out the same packages of text and pictures Moreover the user does not face a one shot decision to buy Time or Newsweek He will be able to read the cover or table of contents of each read such items as strike his fancy and the system will bill him for what he reads from each source In fact since the cost of keeping a file of information in the computer and making it publicly available will be small even a high school student could compete with the New Yorker if he could write well enough and if word of mouth and mention by reviewers brought him to public attention John McCarthy in the 1970s www theregister co uk 2005 11 10 gates_ozzie_memos print html and www formal stanford edu jmc future hoter1 html Does anyone really think that a company owned platform is going to win here that it won t be swamped by an open federated system of servers that peer like e mail If so I d like to hear why We went th
161. s that are inappropriate for your users blacklisting Is Just How Intelligent Is a Web Proxy You should be aware of two important limitations in Web proxies First Web proxies generally aren t very smart about detecting evil Web content Pretty much anything in the payloads of RFC compliant HTTP and HTTP packets will be copied verbatim from client proxy transactions to proxy server transactions and vice versa Blacklists can somewhat reduce the chance of your users visiting evil sites in the first place and content filters can check for inappropriate content and perhaps for viruses But hostile Web content attacks such as invisible iframes that tell an attacker s evil Web application which sites you ve visited typically will not be detected or blocked by Squid or other mainstream Web proxies Note that enforcing RFC compliance is nothing to sneeze at It constitutes a type of input validation that could mitigate the risk of certain types of buffer overflow and other unexpected server response attacks But nonetheless it s true that many many types of server side evil can be perpetrated well within the bounds of RFC compliant HTTP messages Second encrypted HTTPS SSL or TLS sessions aren t truly proxied They re tunneled through the Web proxy The contents of HTTPS sessions are in practical terms completely opaque to the Web proxy www linuxjournal com april 2009 37 COLUMNS PARANOID PENGUIN a Firew
162. s cores are available m Up to eight hours battery life with displays up to 8 9 m Memory interface supports both DDR2 and mobile DDR1 m MC13982 power management integrated circuit for reduced size and weight and more battery life The company is working first with Tier 1 OEMs so watch for ASUS units and expects products to start hitting the market in Q2 of this year in other words about now DOC SEARLS www linuxjournal com april 2009 19 UPFRONT What They re Using first met Phil Jacob on a consulting gig yes got paid only six people they ve done a lot with a little during the but that was a long time ago and quickly discovered that past two years Phil also is a technology advisor to PRX a he was one of our most careful readers Subsequently he nonprofit licensing and distribution platform for public also became one of our most constructive critics in the radio content He s also married to a well known food best sense of the word blogger Beatrice Peltre who runs La Tartine Gourmande Phil is a born connoisseur He applies that nature as www latartinegourmande com so at least he eats well founder and CTO of StyleFeeder www stylefeeder com When asked him to share some of what he s using he a startup with a personal shopping engine that combines machine learning techniques and social data to provide users with a richer shopping experience Among the features under StyleFeeder s hoo
163. s even more opportunity to grow your language skills You can e Connect with developers from more than 70 countries e Hear from expert speakers on the hot topics you care about most e Choose from a wide variety of targeted tracks labs and BOFs e Get tips and best practices from JavaOne conference Rock Stars and Java technology creators and evangelists e Experience JavaFX RIAs and other groundbreaking technologies hands on in our Pavilion Nowadays money s tight That s why it s more important than ever to attend the one conference that delivers everything you Save S 200 want to see learn and experience all under one big roof And that s the JavaOne conference on Conference registration l Save Your Spot Register Today Register by April 22 at java Sun com javao ne Cosponsors Media Cosponsors INTERSYSTEMS Q Sony Ericsson Pe se Q THE CODE PROJECT PRENTICE Wesley HALL Media Partners Extension Media SourceForge net Application Linux Journal Toolbox com Development Trends Slashdot org 2009 All rights reserved Sun Sun Microsystems the Sun logo Java JavaFX and JavaOne are trademarks or registered trademarks of Sun Microsystems Inc or its subsidiaries in the United States and other countries Information subject to change without notice LETTERS stacked on journalism incompetence Jim Leuba James Gray replies personally find Hayward s quote ingenious which does two thi
164. s in 2U e Up to 192GB 667 533MHz Fully Buffered ECC DDR2 SDRAM e Up to 6 x Hot Swap SATA or SAS Hard Drives e Pre installed VMware ESXi on Disk on Module e 1200W High efficiency Redundant Power Supply e 5 Year Warranty Starting at ABERDEEN FIBRE XDAS DAS VMware Certified Expandable Storage e IP SAN Solution e Single or Redundant Controller e Expandable up to 64TB in a single array e 2U 12 Bay and 3U 16 Bay Models available e SAS or SATA Hard Drive Support e Fault tolerant Modular Hardware Design e 5 Year Warranty Starting at DAS VMware Certified Expandable Storage e Hardware RAID5 and RAID6 engine by dedicated ASIC400 e Single or Redundant Controller e Expandable up to 64TB in a single array e 2U 12 Bay and 3U 16 Bay Models available e SAS or SATA Hard Drive Support e Fault tolerant Modular Hardware Design e 5 Year Warranty Starting at Intel Intel Logo Intel Inside Intel Inside Logo Pentium Xeon and Xeon Inside are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States and other countries VMware is a registered trademark or trademark of VMware Inc in the United States and or other jurisdictions For terms and conditions please see www aberdeeninc com abpoly abterms htm 1j029 ABERDEEN STIRLING 428T ee m r oe 4U Dual Xeon VMware Certified Server e Up to two Dual Core or Quad Core Intel Xeon processors e Up to 64GB 667 533MHz Fully Buffered ECC DDR2
165. seover handler is defined as follows ubbi bind mouseover function var original_text this htm1 this attr originalText original_text this html ubbify original _text 5 This works by using jQuery s bind function which invokes a function when a particular event fires on an HTML element or collection of elements So in this particular case we tell JavaScript that every HTML element with a class of ubbi should invoke our function when the mouse cursor hovers over it The function itselt grabs the original text puts it into an attribute named originalText and then replaces the original text with the ubbitied text The mouseout handler is similar doing roughly the reverse but without the ubbification ubbi bind mouseout function this html this attr originalText this attr originalText yi To add a bit of pizzazz and styling we also have ubbi css which uses the ubbi hover pseudo selector to colorize and italicize the text when the mouse Is hovering over it Listing 3 The combination of the CSS and JavaScript is fun and a bit exciting Normally the text looks as you would expect But when you move your Listing 2 ubbi js function ubbify text return text replace aeiou gi ub 1 document ready function ubbi bind mouseover function var original_text this html this attr originalText original_text
166. site probably with a programming language that I m looking to learn OCaml is near the top of my list these days access the music on my basement server when l m at work by port forwarding HTTP connections on my router to either Apache or to the SqueezeCenter s built in streaming capabilities depending on what want to do My router runs dd wrt a Linux based firmware that runs on various types of home routers It s very stable and provides a bunch of cool features that will appeal to power users avoid was a situation that required work just to get my music playing And imagine a dinner party going silent because of a segfault in your own code Asked for last words on the subject Phil adds We run RHEL and CentOS at StyleFeeder some on EC2 and some at Contegix in St Louis We run behind Apache and nginx on the Web tier We own zero servers and run dd wrt on our office LAN as well Typing one handed with a baby in the other Babies are a new hack for Phil DOC SEARLS did however end up making a few changes to the software which was only possible due to the open nature of it at one point had reconfigured it to use MPlayer internally rather than LAME because Expert included Johnny is a team leader in our hardware production facility and he s responsible for operating system installations and validation testing He is one of the experts who makes certain that when you use the Silicon Mechan
167. sk or cfdisk to examine the drive afterward and make tweaks If necessary gpart Limitations gpart is a great tool and has saved me a number of times but it does have some limitations For one although gpart works very well with primary partitions it is much more difficult for it to locate extended partitions depending on which tool actually created them Second take gpart results with a grain of salt It does its best to reconstruct drives but you always should give its results a sanity check For instance I ve seen where it has identified the end of a partition one or two megabytes short from the actual end Typically when we partition drives we put one partition Immediately after another so these sorts of errors are pretty easy to find Reload the Boot Code Now if you have destroyed only the partition table you hopefully should be restored at this point If you managed to destroy the boot code as well you need to restore it too These days most Linux distributions use GRUB so with your restored partition table if you are currently booted into the affected system run sudo grub install recheck dev sda Replace dev sda with the path to your primary boot device If you use an Ubuntu system you optionally could use the update grub tool instead If you are currently booted In to a rescue disk you first need to mount your root partition at say mnt sda1 and then use chroot to run grub install within it
168. sors e Up to 32GB 667 533MHz Fully Buffered ECC DDR2 SDRAM e Up to 4 x Hot Swap SATA or SAS Hard Drives e Universal 0 allows for 3 expansion cards in 1U e Pre installed VMware ESXi on Disk on Module e 650W High efficiency Redundant Power Supply e 5 Year Warranty Starting at ABERDEEN STIRLING 132T je i t 1U Twin Node VMware Certified Server e Up to two Dual Core or Quad Core Intel Xeon processors node e Twin Nodes allows for up to 4 processors amp 16 cores in 1U e Up to 64GB 800 667 533MHz Fully Buffered ECC DDR2 node e Up to 2 x 1TB Hot Swap SATA Hard Drives per node e Pre installed VMware ESXi on Disk on Module e 980W High efficiency Power Supply e 5 Year Warranty Starting at ABERDEEN ISCSI XDAS ABERDEEN STIRLING 123 ABERDEEN STIRLING 229 ead ETT ae 4a oo PP tae Terres FFFS LLT rr re ee Fe FPS TT 2U Dual Xeon VMware Certified Server e Up to two Dual Core or Quad Core Intel Xeon processors e Up to 128GB 800 667 533MHz Fully Buffered ECC DDR2 SDRAM e Up to 8 x 1TB 8 0TB Hot Swap SATA Hard Drives e Up to 7 x Low Profile Expansion Slots e Pre installed VMware ESXi on Disk on Module e 700W High efficiency Redundant Power Supply e 5 Year Warranty Starting at tt rer ABERDEEN STIRLING 24 ABERDEEN STIRLING 444 2U Quad Xeon MP VMware Certified Server e Up to four Quad Core or Six Core Intel Xeon MP processors e Quad Six Core allows for 24 processor core
169. spoon Delicious lt p gt lt body gt lt html gt 22 april 2009 www linuxjournal com Writing jQuery Plugins If youre using jQuery you already know JavaScript so now it s time to Finally attach the plugin to one or more elements on the page using jQuery s event handling functions typically inserted into document ready If you use jQuery and you find yourself repeating the same JavaScript patterns over and over you might want to consider writing your own plugin Whether you distribute that plugin to the rest of the jQuery community depends on a number of factors but by making it a plugin you make it possible for all of your applications to load and use the library in a similar way Hubellubo Wuborld A jQuery plugin is a packaging mechanism for your JavaScript code This means in order to create your plugin you first must have some JavaScript that needs packaging So as an example this month I ve decided to create a simple translator into Ubbi Dubbi Ubbi Dubbi as some of you may know is a Secret language for children that was popularized in the United States by the public TV show Zoom in the 1970s when watched it and then again in the 1990s The rules for Ubbi Dubbi are simple Every vowel a e i O and u is prefixed with the letters ub So hello becomes hubellubo It s not very hard to teach yourself to soeak Ubbi Dubbi and it sounds hilarious Give it a try In any event let s beg
170. ssor 4 to 8GB DDR2 800 2 x 500GB RAID HD Linux Server Starts at 499 4U 24Bay Storage Server 2 AMD Opteron Processors 36TB RAID 6 128GB RAM 4 x GigaLAN Polywell OEM Services Your Virtual Manufacturer m isfacti IyW col 20 Years of Customer Satisfaction 888 765 9686 Prototype Development with Linux FreeBSD Support m 5 Year Warranty Industry s Longest Small Scale to Mass Production Manufacturing E First Class Customer Service linuxsales polywell con mmm Fulfillment Shipping and RMA Repairs www polywell com us LX m Polywell Computers INC 1461 San Mateo Ave South San Francisco CA 94080 650 583 7222 Fax 650 583 1974 POLYWELL AMD AMD Athlon Phenom Opteron Cool n Quiet and combinations thereof are trademarks of Advanced Micro Devices Inc Other names are for informational purposes only and may be trademarks of their respective owners letters jQuery Google Web Toolkit Dojo Ruby on Rails Samba DELL INSPIRON MINI 9 ARCHOS 5 AT ae DEVELOPING WEB SITES 7 VIRTUAL Where s the Security was surprised in a Linux Journal issue January 2009 specifically targeting security that the shell script article by Dave Taylor didn t suggest a more secure method of creating temporary filenames other than just using the variable Adding a little RANDOM to the temp directory name and filename perhaps Maybe he s going to address that in a later article Forrest Hudspeth Dave Taylor replies Gr
171. suggestion to Dave Taylor on reducing keystrokes see Letters in the January 2009 issue of LJ note that pickline RANDOM 250 1 can be further simplified to be It seems that all bash environment variables are expanded within the scope of Black Jack Shellac More Love for Kyle and Bill Just wanted to drop y all a line to voice my appreciation for Point Counterpoint While Kyle vs Bill did smack of a rap battle in a few places it was excellent nonetheless Keep up the great work guys Samuel Ouch The Go Green Save Green with Linux article by James Gray in the April 2008 issue of LJ carelessly misquotes an incompetently uttered sound bite of Springboard Research an average sized server has the same carbon foot print as a mid sized 4wd taking 17 litres of fuel to travel 100km said Bob Hayward Research Vice President for Springboard Research His comment says nothing Is he comparing a server to 17 liters of fuel or a 4wd Or 100km walking flying driving Linux Journal butchered this incomprehensible Statement into the ludicrous saying a server has the same footprint as a 4WD vehicle This is business incompetence The JavaOne conference brings together developers technology enthusiasts and industry luminaries from around the world It s your chance to learn grow and network with the vast and growing technology community This year s JavaOne conference offer
172. tandalone A normal LTSP installation assumes you have a pre existing DHCP server on your network and a standalone LTSP install assumes no DHCP server and it will install the DHCP infrastructure and integrate it with the LTSP server automatically There already was a DHCP server on our corporate LAN so elected to do the normal LTSP installation and integrate it with our existing Microsoft Windows DHCP server began the installation by installing a standard Ubuntu 8 04 desktop on a Dell 1950 server as the LTSP server will have to act as a GNOME desktop for anyone who would be logging in to it After that assigned the server a static IP on our LAN on the same subnet as the desktops and laptops Installing the LTSP server was a piece of cake a simple sudo apt get install ltsp server openssh server at the GNOME terminal and that task was complete The final step on the LTSP server was to build the thin client environment Simply running sudo 1ltsp build client at the GNOME terminal fired off the remaining configuration steps and built the LTSP chroot Now that the LTSP server itself was ready had to DHCP Notes mentioned integrating the LTSP server with a Microsoft Windows DHCP server but it s not difficult to get the server to work with other DHCP servers If you are running the standard ISC dhcpd server see Kyle s PXE Magic article listed in Resources He includes example configuration options along wi
173. tarts at 1360 i Rugged Tarantula Tarantula CF 30 e Panasonic Toughbook CF 30 e Fully rugged MIL SPEC 810F tested drops dust moisture amp more e 13 3 XGA TouchScreen e 1 6 GHz Core 2 Duo e Up to 4 GB RAM e 80 320 GB hard drive e Call for quote e High performance NVidia 3 D on a WUXGA widescreen e High performance Core 2 Quad 16 GB RAM e Ultimate configurability choose your laptop s features e One year Linux tech support phone and email e Three year manufacturer s on site warranty e Choice of pre installed Linux distribution JDR E CK www EmperorLinux com 1 888 651 6686 EmperorLinux where Linux amp laptops converge Model specifications and availability may vary COLUMNS COOKING WITH LINUX your machines The server gets its information about who can access what from a configuration tile called rsyncd conf You ll find that it probably lives in the etc directory The following partial listing is from one of my rsync servers hosts allow 192 168 1 0 24 use chroot no max connections 10 log file var log rsyncd log gid nogroup uid nobody marcel path media bigdrive backups marcel read only no comment Marcel s files francois path media bigdrive backups francois read only no comment Files for the waiter This configuration file is quite simple once you get the hang of It Backup areas are identified by a name in square brackets ma
174. telists of allowed sites or connection to the Web server on the client s behalf blacklists of forbidden sites and to enforce an extra and impersonating the client to that server This is layer of authentication in cases where some but illustrated in Figure 1 not all of your users had Internet privileges Because Web proxies have been so common for Nowadays of course Internet access is ubiquitous so long all major Web browsers can be configured The eclipsing of proprietary LAN protocols by TCP IP to communicate directly through Web proxies in a combined with the technique of Network Address oroxy aware fashion Alternatively many Web Translation NAT has made it easy to grant direct proxies support transparent operation in which access from internal corporate and organizational Web clients are unaware of the proxy s presence networks to Internet sites So the whole idea of a but their traffic is diverted to the proxy via firewall Web proxy is sort of obsolete right rules or router policies Actually no After last month s editorial we return to technical Why Proxy matters specitically to the venerable but assuredly Just because nowadays it s easy to interconnect not obsolete Web proxy This month describe in TCP IP networks directly doesn t mean you always depth the security benefits of proxying your outbound should If a nasty worm infects systems on your Web traffic and some architectural and design internal ne
175. th excellent explanations as to how they work If you are running dnsmasq popular in OpenWRT and other embedded or lightweight Linux distributions the dhcp option 66 lt ltsp_ip address gt and dhcp option pxe 67 pxelinux 0 in the dnsmasq conf file should be what you need I run this configuration at my home enable our network for PXE booting and this meant mess ing with the Windows DHCP server It took a little bit of trial and error but much like in the DHCP server contig that Kyle mentions in his article there were only two con figuration options that needed to be added to the DHCP scope In Microsoft ese these were Option 066 Boot Server Host Name which set to the IP address assigned to the LTSP server and Option 067 Boottile Name which set to Itsp i386 pxelinux 0 The last DHCP option seemed a little obscure until realized that the Ubuntu TFTP server s root directory was var lib tftpboot If you re running some other DHCP server see the DHCP Notes sidebar or refer to your DHCP server s documentation on adding options to the DHCP scope To grab input press Cti G SG 2 ee ee Figure 1 The Ubuntu LTSP GDM Login Screen At this point could boot a PC on our LAN press F12 select Onboard NIC as the boot device and in about 30 seconds got a GDM login screen could log in to an LTSP session at this point but had to do it as one of the users that already was on the Ubuntu se
176. the automotive industry WhisperStation Pro incorporates two AMD Opteron or Intel Xeon quad core processors and high efficiency power supplies Ultra quiet fans and internal sound proofing produce a powerful but silent computational platform WhisperStation Pro configured with one Quad core processor 4 GB high speed memory 250 GB drive dual GigE NVIDIA Quadro FX570 graphics and 20 LCD starts at 1995 You can have it configured to your exact needs with NVIDIA GeForce or Quadro graphics adapters including SLI NVIDIA Tesla GPU any Linux distribution or Windows dual boot Also there is plenty of room for RAID storage expansion From a home based workstation for financial wizards to a superior gaming or design station WhisperStation Pro fits the bill and your budget Visit www microway com for more technical information Hear Yourself Think Again Call our technical sales team at 508 746 7341 and customize your WhisperStation Pro today NVIDIA penne ace PREMIER icrowa Technology you can count on JOURNAL Since 1994 The Original Magazine of the Linux Community Digital Edition Now Available Read it first Get the latest issue before it hits the newsstand Keyword searchable Find a topic or name in seconds Paperless archives Download to your computer for convenient offline reading Same great magazine Read each issue in high quality PDF Try a Sample Issue www lin
177. the commands shown in Listing 4 Connect to the zone console first then boot the zone in the second shell to get the full console experience it s very fast you ll not want to miss it The example zlogin connects to the Listing 4 Boot a Zone Connect to the red zone console and watch it boot g zone 1 zlogin C e red zone Boot the red zone in a second window g zone 2 zoneadm z red zone boot example console output Trom Tirst window Connected to zone red zone console NOTICE Zone booting up INIT version 2 85 booting Welcome to Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS Press I to enter interactive startup Configuring kernel parameters OK setting clock Mon Sep 29 20 20 56 ED 2008 OK Setting hostname red zone OK Starting atd OK Starting firstboot OK Rotating KDC list OK Reds iidesEnLenpG Ise Linx As shelease ss Tao Ooae Kernel 2 4 21 on an 1686 red zone Login zone s console device and configures the escape exit the Zlogin as the pound sign then period key sequence This key sequence should be unique and avoid issues that the default sequence of tilde then period can cause when connectivity to the global zone is remote A non global zone has nearly the same abilities as the global zone to provide services login connections are not limited to text or console logins The use of zlogin with no options only the zone name connects to the zone wit
178. ting opportunities by visiting us on line www linuxjournal com advertising Contact us directly for further information ads linuxjournal com or 1 713 344 1956 ext 2 WEB SITE Read exclusive on line only content on Linux Journal s Web site www linuxjournal com Also select articles from the print magazine are available on line Magazine subscribers digital or print receive full access to issue archives please contact Customer Service for further information subs linuxjournal com FREE e NEWSLETTERS Each week Linux Journal editors will tell you what s hot in the world of Linux Receive late breaking news technical tips and tricks and links to in depth stories featured on www linuxjournal com Subscribe for free today www linuxjournal com enewsletters CommunityOne An open developer conference june 1 3 moscone center one heavyweight geek fest Tim Bray 2008 speaker Virtualization OK the economy is bad but your development choices don t have to follow suit Whether you re focused on creating robust Web apps building a scalable infrastructure or thinking about cloud computing you ll find sessions on proven free and open source software FOSS technologies and tools This is stuff you can really get excited about Register Today developers sun com events communityone By R SUN 2009 Sun Microsystems Inc All rights reserved Sun Sun Microsystems the Sun logo Glass
179. tional offer details Program and pricing specifications availability and prices subject to change without notice 1 amp 1 and the 1 amp 1 logo are trademarks of 1 amp 1 Internet AG all other trademarks are the property of their respective owners 2009 1 amp 1 Internet Inc All rights reserved www land1 com Current_Issue tar gz SHAWN POWERS Fixing Starships Transporters and Even Computers s a system administrator it reassures me A when see the computer systems break in Star Trek episodes The reason it brings me peace of mind is that know if perfect human cloning and mind transfer my sysadmin skills still will be useful in a few thousand years Also I m fairly certain Data the android Lieutenant must be running some sort of embedded Linux so my particular skill set will be very much in demand I m getting a little ahead of myself however Although I m sure system administration will be a popular topic in future millennia with this issue of Linux Journal you hold the future in your hands right now Cheesy anecdotes aside this month we have tons of articles and columns to help you keep the packets flowing Because most system administration begins with installing an operating system it seems appropriate to start there We ve got a couple really interesting articles this month that deal with both system installing and system restoring Bill Childers tells us how to leverage PXE network booting to instal
180. to beat Mutt for managing multiple folders of mailing lists It makes it easy to sort through threads without thinking every IMAP folder is for a mailing list BILL Thunderbird has a threaded reader mode KYLE Must be fun to set that every time BILL It s a couple clicks What do you have against a mouse KYLE can type at almost 100 words per minute don t even know how to manage mouse speed but know it s slower Back to configurability managing PGP is a breeze with Mutt You even can have it sign and encrypt replies to encrypted messages automatically or have it always encrypt messages to particular people BILL Managing PGP Is easy with Thunderbird too simply add the Enigmail plugin and configure it It has all those features you mention KYLE All of this support is built in didn t have to grab any plugins and it still doesn t take up much RAM BILL And it still looks like a Commodore 64 application and is deliberately obtuse KYLE Turn in your geek card now All the geeks know think looking like a Commodore 64 application is a bonus especially on my green on black terminal BILL Having a geek card is for geeks man You ll learn this when you Surpass system architect and become an IT Manager And told you 1989 called they want their VT 100 back KYLE Ahhh see what happened One step into management and Bill Started pointing and clicking at every thing N
181. to the line numbers another handy feature It the Linux operating system Sometimes achieving super low latency groups text into specific bodies that are audio is tricky but not if your kernel is hard real time capable Cut collapsible and expandable with that your latency to less than 3ms with this tutorial little box with a minus sign in it which www linuxjournal com video hyper low latency audio real time kernel turns into a plus sign when collapsed It s very handy for wrapping your head around lots of intricate code and keep ing things organized with the bonus that it also encourages clean coding Editra has way more features available than what I ve mentioned here so check the Web site if you want to see the whole list If you want an advanced text editor you could do a lot worse than this But if you also want something that works across all of your systems meaning you have to use only one interface this might be the one m John Knight is a 24 year old drumming and climbing obsessed maniac from the world s most isolated city Perth Western Australia He can usually be found either buried in an po Audacity screen or thrashing a kick drum beyond recognition N l P JOU ANAL be _ O03 79 33 a Brewing something fresh innovative or mind bending Send e mail to newprojects linuxjournal com 48 april 2009 www linuxjournal com The Official Event of the Ruby on Rails Commun
182. twork do you want to deal with the considerations involved with doing so In subsequent ramifications of the infection spreading outward for columns l Il show you how to build a secure Web example to some critical business partner with proxy using Squid the most popular open source Web whom your users communicate over the Internet proxy package plus a couple of adjunct programs that In many organizations network engineers take it add key security functionality to Squid tor granted that all connected systems will use a default route that provides a path out to the What Exactly Is a Web Proxy Internet In other organizations however it s The last time discussed proxies in this soace was in considered much less risky to direct all Web traffic my December 2002 article Configuring and Using out through a controlled Web proxy to which routes are internally published and to use no default route whatsoever at the LAN level Web Web Web This has the effect of allowing users to reach Client Proxy Server the Internet via the Web proxy that is to surf the Bl a Connection 2 Web but not to use the Internet for non Web applications such as IRC on line gaming and so forth It follows that what end users can t do neither can whatever malware that manages to infect their systems Connection 1 Client opens connection Proxy intercepts it and impersonates Server Obviously this technique works only if you ve got othe
183. u desktop it s working Setting Up Unattended Windows Installs via PXE The next step in my PXE adventures came when I was told needed to refresh about 30 laptops with fresh builds of Windows The method the previous Windows staff used to install Windows was through imaging the machine Unfortunately could not locate the image files that had been used previously Due to the issues and time constraints involved with trying to redevelop valid images for each hard ware platform we had elected to do unattended installations of Windows knew Windows included Remote Installation Service RIS WITH RESPECT TO AUTOMATIC UPDATE INSTALLATION THE METHOD THE UNATTENDED FOLKS USE IS VERY LINUX LIKE IN ITS RESOURCEFULNESS 52 april 2009 www linuxjournal com but because was in a time crunch was reluctant to learn a completely new technology However there was another option Unattended an open source project I d found the Unattended project about a year earlier and although l d dabbled with it in my home lab I d never tried it in a corpo rate environment Like many Linux administrators hear Windows and cringe but because was tasked with this figured I d do my best to make sense of the Windows install process as well as get some repeatability and understanding out of it Unattended relies on the fact that the first step of the Windows 2000 XP installer is essentially a DOS program What happens when
184. ubscription changing your address paying your invoice viewing your account details or other subscription inquiries can instantly be done on line www linuxjournal com subs Alternatively within the U S and Canada you may call us toll free 1 888 66 LINUX 54689 or internationally 1 818 487 2089 E mail us at subs linuxjournal com or reach us via postal mail Linux Journal PO Box 16476 North Hollywood CA 91615 9911 USA Please remember to include your complete name and address when contacting us DIGITAL SUBSCRIPTIONS Digital subscriptions of Linux Journal are now available and delivered as PDFs anywhere in the world for one low cost Visit www linuxjournal com digital for more information or use the contact information above for any digital magazine customer service inquiries LETTERS TO THE EDITOR We welcome your letters and encourage you to submit them at www linuxjournal com contact or mail them to Linux Journal PO Box 980985 Houston TX 77098 USA Letters may be edited for space and clarity WRITING FOR US We always are looking for contributed articles tutorials and real world stories for the magazine An author s guide a list of topics and due dates can be found on line www linuxjournal com author ADVERTISING Linux Journal is a great resource for readers and advertisers alike Request a media kit view our current editorial calendar and advertising due dates or learn more about other advertising and marke
185. unning on the same machine localhost First Contact via Telnet Installing the Munin node from a distribution package usually will activate a range of plugins that can be configured auto matically In this case Telnetting to port 4949 of the node machine will give you an overview telnet localhost 4949 Trying 127 0 0 1 Connected to localhost localdomain Escape character is munin node at extrablatt trish de help Unknown command Try list nodes config fetch version or quit List open_inodes If err ethe irqstats entropy processes postfix_mailqueue if_ethO df netstat interrupts Swap load cpu df_inode if ethl if_err_eth1 postfix_mailvolume forks iostat open_files memory vmstat fetch open_inodes used value 67839 max value 68094 Connection closed by foreign host www linuxjournal com april 2009 63 FEATURE Munin The list command returns the names of all activated plugins on this particular node The fetch command with the name of the plugin you want to run as an argument returns the values of the parameters in this case used and max the plugin monitors As long as you don t change the timeout directive in munin node cont for example to 20 seconds timeout 20 you have to be fast to type in your commands as the d mon will close the connection after a default of ten seconds If the list command does not list any plugins which might be the case after a source code installation you n
186. utdown r now r zone telinit 6 r zone telinit once halted boot it from global zone Bring down a zone hard stop all execution now g zone zoneadm z red zone halt Same as halt and boot hard stop then boot g zone zoneadm z red zone reboot Uninstall the OS from a zone still defined g zone zoneadm z red zone halt g zone zoneadm z red zone uninstall F Clone an installed zone s OS into another defined zone when the source is on ZFS the clone takes seconds to install the new zone otherwise may take many minutes g zone zonecfg z red eye create t red zone g zone zonecfg z red eye set zonepath zpool01 zones red eye g zone zonecfg z red eye zonecfg red eye gt select net address 192 168 1 10 zonecfg red eye net gt set address 192 168 1 11 zonecfg red eye net gt end zonect ned eye gt exit g zone zoneadm list cv ID NAME STATUS PATH BRAND IP global running native shared red zone installed zpool01 zones red zone lx shared red eye configured zpool01 zones red eye 1x shared g zone zoneadm z red eye clone red zone Cloning zonepath zpool01 zones red zone g zone zoneadm list cv ID NAME STATUS PATH BRAND IP global running native shared red zone installed zpool01 zones red zone ix shared red eye installed zpool01 zones red eye 1x shared Remove a zone No undo g zone zoneadm z red eye halt g zone zoneadm z red eye uninstall F g zone
187. uxjournal com digital Linu 0 ha Small Satellite Sa ie wi abieebebebebDAbi ie 5 LAERDAL ie oo coe oe T _ Tr Vv Y y x Yy p Ues on SS p F ie gt in iS Executive Editor Senior Editor Associate Editor Associate Editor Art Director Products Editor Editor Emeritus Technical Editor Senior Columnist Chef Fran ais Security Editor Hack Editor JOURNAL Jill Franklin jill linuxjournal com Doc Searls doc linuxjournal com Shawn Powers shawn linuxjournal com Mitch Frazier mitch linuxjournal com Garrick Antikajian garrick linuxjournal com James Gray newproducts linuxjournal com Don Marti dmarti linuxjournal com Michael Baxter mab cruzio com Reuven Lerner reuven lerner co il Marcel Gagn mggagne salmar com Mick Bauer mick visi com Kyle Rankin greenfly net Contributing Editors David A Bandel e Ibrahim Haddad Robert Love e Zack Brown Dave Phillips e Marco Fioretti Ludovic Marcotte Paul Barry e Paul McKenney Dave Taylor e Dirk Elmendorf Proofreader Geri Gale Publisher General Manager Sales Manager Sales and Marketing Coordinator Associate Publisher Webmistress Accountant Carlie Fairchild publisher linuxjournal com Rebecca Cassity rebecca linuxjournal com Joseph Krack joseph linuxjournal com Tracy Manford tracy linuxjournal com Mark Irgang mark linuxjournal com Katherin
188. ve not even begun to scratch the surface in my programming efforts m Mike Diehl is a self employed computer consultant and lives in Albuquerque New Mexico with his wife and three sons He can be reached at mdiehl diehlnet com Resources Irrlicht Home Page irrlicht sourceforge net Description of Quake 2 model files md2 tfc duke free fr coding md2 specs en html Irrlicht Support Forum irrlicht sourceforge net phpBB2 index php POINT COUNTERPOINT Mutt vs Thunderbird Kyle and Bill face off on mail client software In our argument mean in our last column we discussed the pros and cons of owning a large laptop versus a small one This month we delve into something a little more personal choice of mail client software and why one would want to use a text based mail client over one that s graphical BILL I m a Thunderbird user and Kyle prefers the retro exoticism of Mutt I ll let Kyle kick off the conver sation as l m sure he ll have something pithy to say about what an amazing and cool mail program Mutt is KYLE For starters let s talk about startup times Because Mutt is so lightweight don t even notice the startup times For instance just timed how long it took me to start Mutt and have it open the INBOX and then exit as fast as could greenfly minimus time mutt Mailbox is unchanged real Om0 782s user Om0 096s sys Om0 036s That s right 0 8 seconds could have bee
189. veillance systems Plus one on converting your old 8mm movies so that you can sit back and reminisce about the days when you weren t almost dead If you still have doubts about the ultimate success of Linux and open source don t miss our upcoming interview with Neuros Technology CEO and founder Joe Born Find out how open source concepts transformed his company If his statements don t convince you you definitely are already dead USPS LINUX JOURNAL ISSN 1075 3583 USPS 12854 is published monthly by Belltown Media Inc 2211 Norfolk Ste 514 Houston TX 77098 USA Periodicals postage paid at Houston Texas and at additional mail ing offices Cover price is 5 99 US Subscription rate is 29 50 year in the United States 39 50 in Canada and Mexico 69 50 elsewhere POSTMASTER Please send address changes to Linux Journal PO Box 16476 North Hollywood CA 91615 Subscriptions start with the next issue Canada Post Publications Mail Agreement 41549519 Canada Returns to be sent to Bleuchip International PO Box 25542 London ON N6C 6B2 4 april 2009 www linuxjournal com Experience Eightning Withoutsihe thunder 1 TERAFLOP IN A COOL FAST RELIABLE PLATFORM Whether it s Wall Street Main Street or Your Street Microway s new Nvidia powered WhisperStation Pro is energy efficient designed for superior performance and best of all QUIET Originally designed for a group of power hungry demanding engineers in
190. w deckle co za squid users guide Main_Page The SquidGuard home page SquidGuard allows you to enforce blacklists with Squid www squidguard org The DansGuardian home page a free content filtering engine that can be used in conjunction with Squid dansguardian org METRO TORONTO CONVEN T ION CE NTRE F A P Fri y HER f MY di I S F IN COOPERATION WITH PRESENTING ASTERISK AND W OPEN TELEPHONY CIO CIO Executive Council Leaders Shaping the Future of Business CONFERENCE CANADA z te MAXIMIZE YOUR BUSINESS SUCCESS MEDIA ASTERISK amp OPEN MEDIA PARTNER SOURCE TELEPHONY SPONSOR CONFERENCE SPONSOR Ck Cit t World Canada digium LINUX IDG CANADA COLUMNS HACK AND KYLE RANKIN When Disaster Strikes Restoring a Master Boot Record The Master Boot Record is an amazing little section of disk that you almost never notice until its gone When that happens read below to find out how to bring it back The following is a continuation of a series of columns on Linux disasters and how to recover from them inspired in part by a Halloween Linux Journal Live episode titled Horror Stories You can watch the original episode at www linuxjournal com video linux journal live horror stories have to admit I ve learned more about how Linux works by breaking it and fixing it than have by any other method There really is nothing quite lik
191. w emperorlinux com SILICON MECHANICS www siliconmechanics com GENSTOR SYSTEMS INC www genstor com SUN JAVA ONE CONF java sun com javaone index jsp IT360 www it360 ca TECHNOLOGIC SYSTEMS www embeddedx86 com INTEROP www interop com TecHweB Live Events BLACKHAT www blackhat com LINUX FEST NORTHWEST www linuxfestnorthwest org UBIQUITI NETWORKS INC www ubnt com LINUX ON WALL STREET www linuxonwallstreet com ZT GROUP INTERNATIONAL www ztgroup com ATTENTION ADVERTISERS July 2009 Issue 183 Deadlines Space Close April 27 Material Close May 5 Theme Mobile Linux BONUS DISTRIBUTIONS USENIX Annual Technical Conference DC PHP Red Hat Summit O Reilly Velocity Call Joseph Krack to reserve your space 1 713 344 1956 ext 118 e mail joseph linuxjournal com www linuxjournal com april 2009 65 FEATURE Munin cancelled label Cancelled canceLled draw LINE2 Flights tagged as planned and cancelled behave differently For delayed flights the Munich Airport authorities will issue a new departure time later This way the plugin will see planned flights twice as planned within their time slot according to schedule and as calling boarding or departed at their actual time interval of departure That s why we draw delayed flights in a separate line of the type LINE2 The number denotes the thickness of the line in pixels A LINE1 li
192. x 4 e Slim DVD ROM Optional e Single Intel Xeon Processor X5410 dual capable e 8GB DDR2 ECC REG SDRAM 4 x 2GB Dual Rank e 3 1TB SATAII 32MB Hotswap Hard Drives Max 8 e 16x DVD ROM amp 1 44MB e RedHat Enterprise 5 Floppy Drive e RedHat Enterprise 5 Trial Version e RedHat Enterprise 5 R e RedHat Enterprise 5 Trial Version e 3 Year Limited Warranty and Trial Vor ag Trial Version e 3 Year Limited Warranty and 24x7 Telephone support e 3 Year Limited Warranty and 3 Year Limited Warranty and 24x7 Telephone support 24x7 Telephone support 24x7 Telephone support Sca able ustom Server Solutions Contact Us to Learn More 866 984 7687 corpsales ztsystems com Intel the Intel logo Xeon Intel Core Xeon Inside and Core Inside are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation in the U S and other countries CONTENT APRIL 2009 Issue 180 COLUMNS 10 SHAWN POWERS CURRENT_ISSUE TAR GZ Fixing Starships Transporters and Even Computers 22 REUVEN M LERNER S AT THE FORGE Writing jQuery Plugins 26 MARCEL GAGNE S COOKING WITH LINUX Backing Up to the Clouds Status Backup is not running Backup settings Backup progress Oise Server settings gt Create new backup Sawe backup Show backup log Schedule this backup to run at specific days Wa cron Y Schedule this backup to run at specific time vis cron W n B 32 DAVE TAYLOR
193. y instead of having the user decide between the fast or Tull options the insertion of multicast image recovery and finally the use of Wake on LAN capabilities to deploy secure images to desktops at preprogrammed times FreeBoo is only the initial step in building an open source boot environment for system administrators that allows you to fix deploy and execute OS images on large installations of desktops The scripts and other files related to FreeBoo can be found at ftp linuxjournal com pub j listings issue180 10203 tgz m Cristina Barrado is an Assistant Professor at the Technical University of Catalonia in Castelldefels Spain She has been teaching operating systems since 1990 and has advised a large number of Master s theses on Linux and Linux development Her PhD was focused on automatic extraction of low level parallelism in loops at compile time Currently she belongs to the Icarus Research Group whose target is research on avionics systems for Unmanned Aerial Systems Sebastian Galiano is a Telematic Engineer with extensive 0S and network services knowledge Currently he is working at UPCnet as project engineer in the Internet and middleware area ty Programming System Administration e Design Calgary Alberta Application Training Socialize Canada www cosstfest ca April 17th amp 18th 2009 the Raven Reports Long term monitoring with Munin is not restricted to system parameters
194. ystem Verbose Show transfer progress Ignore existing Size only A Skip newer Windows compatibility Quit 9 Simulation Execute Figure 1 grsync provides an easy to use interface with every rsync option you could want quick backup when you ve added important data rayne ee Figure 2 Once anda right now backup is desirable The first tool your grsync want to show you is Piero Orsoni s grsync Figure 1 aici aaa backup begins While providing a great front end to rsync it switches to grsync also works as a teaching tool for the Global progress a progress command line version of the program or at least it one Litemaining report view helps as a memory aid Almost any command line option available to rsync is covered in one of these MER VCP ege Tannin y prig PETEN me three tabs Basic options Advanced options and bes Cami 0 00 01 xfer 21 to check 244 Extra options What makes it a learning tool is that if 90622 100 2 98MB s 0 00 00 xfer 22 to check 23 l Feb cookingFebO09 tgz TIU PE ear nn of those check boxes with aad 982350 100 2 80MB s 0 00 00 xter 23 to check 22 mouse a tooltip appears showing the command line Feb htmipage_view png nti 29132 100 84 67kB s 0 00 00 xfer 24 to check 21 option with a briet description of its function Pecan eana arcana To start click the Add button next to the session 97991 100 260 75kB s 0 00

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