Home

simulator oriented control of power in bluetooth wireless sensor

1. 1 4 2 3 Problems In these installations which initially seem simple we have found many problems e Difficulty in finding some libraries xorg x11 Incompatibility of libraries from different operating systems e Slow Installation e Need to set many environment variables Incompatible UCBT and ns versions e Little intuitive graphical interface 1 4 3 Basic Procedure of Work In this section the working method of the NS2 simulator is listed briefly exhibited chronologically e Establishment of to scheduler e Make a model its programming in TCL Tool Command Language and OTCL Object Tool Command Language e Links between nodes and queues Protocols e Applications e Events e Track events monitoring statistics e View and process of results III BACKGROUND CHAPTER 1 THEORETICAL CONTEXT 1 4 3 1 Post processing For post processing are used to scripts of PERL practical extraction and report language or utilities like awk that extract the desired results generally the time and the value of the parameter from trace file 1 4 3 2 View of results Ns allinone includes two utilities display nam and xgraph NAM No need to do a trace of the post processing Xgraph It is necessary make a post processing of the traces Other options for viewing the files through the use of any tool representing tables for example gnu plot or even MS Access 1 4 3 3 Source Code TCL Example Sstartcb
2. Graphical configuration 4 Energy puc Figure 34 Windows Graphic General explanation of the window Window for visualize different values of variables of the nodes along the time The variables of different nodes or multiple variables of a node or whole of the two things can be compared It is used mainly for the comparison of events because the modification of a variable can modify other For example could be compared the flux of data with the consumption of power III BACKGROUND CHAPTER 3 MAIN FUNCTIONS Explanation of specific things gt To select the variables that we want to visualize we must put in the square of text the number of node and the symbol close to the selected variable For example O Energy represents the energy along the time of the node 0 gt Select start and end time that you want to represent in the graph to mark a specific space of the time in milliseconds There is not minimum or maximum stretch the selection of interval is represented by the same provided margin fixed space so you can have an overview or look at a brief time frame gt The scale of values and times are updated depending on the maximum and minimum values represented As the physical value of the cell depend on each case gt Every time you want to update the graph must be pressed Draw Graphic Beta version In this version you can only show Energy feature because this was the only implemen
3. NS2 with the extension of Bluetooth Ns is a discrete event simulator targeted at networking research Ns provides substantial support for simulation of TCP routing and multicast protocols over wired and wireless local and satellite networks Ns were built in C and provide a simulation interface through OTcl an object oriented dialect of Tcl The user describes a network topology by writing OTcl scripts and then the main ns program simulates that topology with specified parameters The NS2 makes use of flat earth model in which it assumes that the environment is flat without any elevations or depressions However the real world does have geographical features like valleys and mountains NS2 fails to capture this model in it Ns began as a variant of the REAL network simulator in 1989 and have evolved substantially over the past few years Ns has always included substantial contributions from other researchers including wireless code from the UCB Daedelus and CMU Monarch projects and Sun Microsystems 1 III BACKGROUND CHAPTER 1 THEORETICAL CONTEXT 1 3 5 1 Ns2 extension UCBT UCBT stands for University of Cincinnati BlueTooth is a ns 2 based Bluetooth network module which simulates the Bluetooth network operations in great details Most specifications at Baseband and above like LMP L2CAP BNEP have been simulated in UCBT including frequency hopping scheme device discovery connection set up Hold Sniff and Park mode
4. While that in the two following chapters their functions are studied in depth so much their functions forms of handling of its internal structure and flux of code The chapter four studies the possible enlargements of the program and future works by explaining possible enlargements of interest and the form of implement The last chapter is a brief conclusion III BACKGROUND CHAPTER 1 THEORETICAL CONTEXT IIl BACKGROUND This briefing paper contains a description and justification of the work done It is divided into six chapters with their corresponding entries From reading the report gives a clear idea of the project that it represents CHAPTER 1 THEORETICAL CONTEXT The theoretical approach adopted in this project is structured around the specification of Bluetooth and Wireless sensor networks 1 1 Theory about Wireless Sensor Networks In this section the theory is described to understand the necessary concepts of Bluetooth technology 1 1 1 Introduction Wireless Network Wireless networks are based on the IEEE 802 11 standards A basic wireless network consists of multiple stations communicating with radios that broadcast in either the 2 4GHz or 5GHz band though this varies according to the locale and is also changing to enable communication in the 2 3 GHz and 4 9 GHz ranges 802 11 networks are organized in two ways in a BSS one station acts as a master with all the other stations associating to it this is term
5. A A A 91 Pisure 4s Java File JDK O Updat 12 ucc n nat repe t a cem ovr EES 91 EE Pile E EE 92 Figure 50 Java File Download ira A Vedan sten ue oeil ds 92 PELS Sl Java File E A A 92 LIisure 52 Java Fil CO A adl ade bo edet inae 92 Figure 53 Java File Process Installation EE 93 Fig re54 Java Fil ee 94 Fig re55Java Fil Vance OPIO ir A ie 94 Lisure 56 Java Fil eebe ebe Ee 95 Ligure 57 Bxecutable DIE a A std MNT eT d EU 96 Index of Tables Table 1 Buncions of Freunde 75 Table 2 Functions of Simulator Wireless Sensor Network AAA 76 Table 3 Material Costs Dy Laboratoby sis disce osten posa esas ENREL has pup oca 84 Table 4 Material Costs by SOIDWAFe alias 84 Table 5S Costs by TIME c T 85 Table 6 Total Cost Material of Budget BXeCUEOR so ss is oseicssssesascerssoassosesaasannsonannceassassniatersaseancnannss 86 Table 7 Contractual Costs Tor Implementation micras inviertan 86 Table Costs Lot aiii 87 LABSTRACT I Abstract This project develops a simulator capable of calculate the variables of a net of sensor called nodes these are transmitting data to a central computer through a distribution by piconet where the nodes are classified by master or slaves The system is based on the millisecond update of the qualities of the nodes using a pleasant graphical environment that gives sensation to interact with the network in real time Thus we know the state battery of the nodes in all the instant of the simulation can test a
6. Class Nodes and Event 6 d as 8 Class Characteristic 4 dias 9 Class Characteristic nodes and Tables 5 d as Class Graphic 5 dias 1 Run Routing 7 dias Tests 4 d as 17 Writing the thesis 20 dias Figure 42 Grantt Project developed along 5 months approximately 120 days Function N of hours hour Total Engineering 800 60 48000 Typescript 150 12 1800 Subtotal 49800 Table 5 Costs by Time VI BUDGET 1 3 Total cost of budget of material execution Concept Total Cost for laboratory equipment 110 Cost for software equipment 200 Cost for employee time 49800 Subtotal 50110 TOTAL BUDGET COST OF MATERIAL EXECUTION 50110 Table 6 Total Cost Material of Budget Execution 2 Overheads and benefit industrialist The overheads and industrial benefit are the obligated expenses that are derivate from the use of the work installations amortizations and etcetera adding industrial benefit to them The established percentage in these concepts is 2296 on the budget of material execution OVERHEADS AND INDUSTRIAL BENEFIT 11024 2 3 Budget of execution for contract Concept Total Budget of material execution 50110 Overheads and benefit industrialist 11024 2 Subtotal 61134 2 Table 7 Contractual Costs for Implementation VI BUDGET 4 Fees of writing These are calculated as 7
7. browsers interchangeably you will need to have both 32 bit and 64 bit JRE s installed on your machine www aprendeinformaticaconmigo com Select Platform and Language for your download Platform Select Language Gare Linux x64 r Solaris SPARC l agree Solaris x64 Solaris x86 lopment Kit B License Agreement Windows x64 Figure 49 Java File Platform It shows us the files that are about to flow and the size of the same thing Download Java SE Development Kit 6u12 for Windows Multi language Download Information and Files Instructions Select the files you want then click the Download Selected with Sun Download Manager SDM button below to automatically install and use SDM learn more Alternately click directly on file names to download with your browser Use of SDM is recommended but not required Required Files www aprendeinformaticaconmigo com B ile Descr a Sle M Java SE Development Kit 6u12 jdk Bu12 windows i586 p exe 73 08 MB Figure 50 Java File Download Kit Click on the j dk 6u12 Windows i586 link p exe and the window that we see in Figure 51 appears Abriendo jdk 6u12 windows i586 p exe x EIER www aprendeinformaticaconmigo com 77 idk 6u12 windows i586 p exe el cual es un Binary File de http cds esd sun com Cancelar Figure 51 Java File Save Save file have to be pressed and selected the place where our equipment wants to l
8. dedicated to defining the future work and possible improvements it is divided into a brief explanation and a comment of the improvements of efficiency and new possibly function In this section will be explained more directly the enlargements that could be made by the general simulator that would increase its efficacy and performance or that would introduce new features These enlargements are easy to introduce to the program because from the beginning was thought about creating a constructed code modulate and easily comprehension for it These enlargements were created to be developed for other programmers perhaps in other degree project Direct contact with the new programmer would facilitate the understanding of the program 5 1 Improvements of efficiency These efficiencies are extensions for better performance of the program improving the current characteristics without changing the functionality 5 1 1 Better graphic environment The most direct improvement is a better graphical environment that is more pleasant and more explanatory with what is represented So the icon of node or nodoO computer can be given new more clear forms The battery of Characteristic nodes can have a more specific form of what it is and multiple drawings that can be more specific that what they represent 5 1 2 Better accessibility The program accesses to multiple external files with different names and extensions can improved the accessibility o
9. every sniff period Tun for a Nsnifr attempt number of times If the slave receives a packet in one of the Nr attempt RX slots it should continue listening as long as it receives packets to its own AM ADDR Once it stops receiving packets it should continue listening for N timeout RX slots or remaining of the Num attempt number of RX slots whichever is greater 14 Tom is programmable and depends on the application unconnected standby connecting state Active states low power modes release MAC adress Figure 19 State Bluetooth III BACKGROUND CHAPTER 1 THEORETICAL CONTEXT 1 5 4 8 Interconnection of piconets Bluetooth has been designed to give chance to have tenth of piconets operating in the same area without reducing the performance To this whole of piconets are known as scatternet This is possible thanks to that Bluetooth uses a communication based on packet transmission on linking slotted A station can take part in several piconets but in an instant of certain time only can communicate in one however the station can be jumping from piconet in piconet by fitting the parameters of the canal identification of the master and clock of the master A station can change the role when a piconet passes to another therefore can be enslaved in a piconet and master in another but never can be master in two different piconets The mechanism of selection of the leap in frequencies has been designed to permit t
10. rate of maximum transmission that is obtained in links asynchronous is of 3 Mbps removing heads and the other data that are not of the user The field of dates of the user is variable In links synchronous only there are packages of a slot and the field of data of user is fixed The synchronous links support link full duplex with rates of transmission of 64 kbps in both senses III BACKGROUND CHAPTER 1 THEORETICAL CONTEXT 1 5 4 4 Physical connections They define it two types of physical links Link synchronous oriented to the connection SCO It is a link point to point between a master and an unique slave The link settles by reserve of duplex slots at regular intervals Link asynchronous without connection ACL The ACL link is a link point multipoint between the master and all slaves of the piconet This link uses all the slots of the canal that not be used for links SCO The traffic for this type of links is promoted by the master The structure in the slots of the canal of a piconet permits to mix synchronous links and asynchronous 1 5 4 5 Establishment of the connection In Bluetooth the stations can be in diverse manners of functioning for the establishment of the connection and for the economy of the energy For the establishment of the connection are defined three states scan it pays and inquiry A station is in mode idler when wants to keep the maximum of energy it is as asleep However this station
11. system32 cmd exe FP NO HOST C NO NUMBER OF P 1 os Windows NT Path C WINDOWS system32 C WINDOWS x Nueva Modificar Eliminar _ _ WWW aprendeinformaticacomnigo com gt Figure 55 Java File Advance Option VII USER MANUAL We can distinguish two sections One of Variables of user and other of Variables of system If you put attention to the Variables of system will be able to see a variable with the Path name This is she who has to modify We select this variable and we play the change button The Path variable contains a series of routes of directories of our system to the ones that the same thing will be about to search for a file when execute it To include our directory of java us positioned in the Valor lodge of the variable we go us to the end and we add our route The directories are separate one of other HA zx www aprendeinformaticaconmigo com by means of the symbol of semicolon with nombre de variable CS which to the positioned at the end of the list Valor de variable rchivos de programalJavaljdk1 6 0_121bin where folder has the executable of our recently Figure 56 Java File Variable of User introduce a semicolon After this introduce the installed JDK which in my case is C Archivos of program Vava jdk1 6 0_12 bin You have to keep in mind that always is the bin directory in the jdk Then it add that r
12. that a piconet cannot have more than seven connections This piconet can be created by infinite forms and taking into account different characteristics of the network To search that Routing is the least consumed is a laborious work finding the most optimal routing algorithm Therefore only one routing was created based solely on the position of the nodes In this routing algorithm the piconets are formed taking into account only the proximity between them This function can be easily replaced by another function that simulates the algorithms since the running program or a priori from the code The function Routing generates the connections for this the function changes the Type the Pad and the Near of the nodes then the connections of the nodes are sufficiently defined with these three parameters Note that in this simulator all the information goes to the node 0 III BACKGROUND CHAPTER 4 AUXILIARY FUNCTIONS IN DEPTH Outline of functioning diagram of flux les the number of nodes per piconet and the piconet approxi d according to the distance between nodes which correspond to the ng a piconet each node will be more focused and that the n net has a slave of the piconet O slave siave or master slave to communicate with the node 0 the Figure 39 Routing III BACKGROUND CHAPTER 4 AUXILIARY FUNCTIONS IN DEPTH 4 5 DrawNodes This function paints the window graphical environment of Caract
13. will have to be awaked and see every certain time if there is some station that wants to communicate with it To establish a connection is necessary to know the identification of the unit with that we want to connect If this information is not known then a broadcast message will have to be sent and the receivers will have to answer with its direction identification and information of the clock The units in idle mode also listen the broadcast messages 1 5 4 6 Administration of the energy This is an important point in the design of all system that is fed by a battery because of the consumption of this is possible minor For the economy of energy Bluetooth defines a series of states where the stations go in and go out In the idle mode the single station scans the net during 10 MS each t seconds where t can be between 1 28 3 84 seconds III BACKGROUND CHAPTER 1 THEORETICAL CONTEXT Also is defined a mode parked PARK where the rank of t is a bit shorter However this mode only can be applied when a piconet have been established Only the slaves can be put in this mode The slave only has to listen to the code of access and the head of the package to be synchromesh with the other of stations of the net Other mode of below consumption during the connection is the SNIFF mode In this mode the slaves do not accede to the net in the whole slot master to enslaved In periods of long silent the master has to send for the can
14. 5 2 Improvements in performance and features 80 5 21 Movement in die HOdes esito Ci ona 80 225 Consumption TOP e dE ele ORE o EAM rat 80 52535 Mor temporal econ tn E EE ER 80 CHAPIERGCONCLUSIGONIS a E dal 6 1 DISCUSSION PU E EE E EE E E RE E AE 81 PV E V SPECIBICATIONS EE le SOLEW ALCS T E S 83 2 AOR ate cote Fatal dina Uia Gn dod tU DER IAS 83 VE ER E 1 C sts of m terral execuli n 84 COS OE EMpPlIOYES TIM ANA O 85 1 3 Total cost of budget of material execution eeeeeeeeceeeeceeeesteeesseeesaeeeteeeenees 86 2 Overheads and benefit imdustrialist ueeo ser tete taa 86 3 Budget of EECH 86 See EE 87 5 Import total of the budget 5i eee A 87 VIL USER MANUA Diete dtt eti ne d EEE EA EEKE EE aeaii TINGED CANIS EE 88 2 Java TE 91 dy D CUAD MR MM 96 VIH Biblobtaphig5 sitet ep a d tendu deir tesi i ueteri D Index of images Fig re 1 SU OU de a 13 Fig re2 Method or Simulador 18 Figure 3 Witeless INSUR ss 22 Pour Wueless sensor Nero eene 23 Figure 5 Ee E aias 24 Figure Er Discrete SUELO rta land 26 Figure 7 OMNe Ty Simulator ir m 28 Figute 8 Bluetooth Stack UCB T sssini eege Eege 30 Figure 9 All in One Folder SIMCO ri 32 Figure 10 Tins be MAA PP tiem iaaaanguntennlays 33 Figure 11 Installation Run of NS2 Allione 2 29 cc ssssaseccsoegesstvancsacsoinsaiveanssuunsvstenicanones dnsaadebonsksstonsns 33 Figure 12 NS Installation PIMs T 34 Figure 13 UCBT Inst
15. 5 microseconds corresponds with a slot times To simplify the implementation the communications full duplex carry out applying double division in the time TDD This wants say that an unit transmits and receives alternately The separation between the transmission and the reception prevents effectively the crosstalk between the operations of transmission and reception of the transmitter of radius Since the transmission and the reception carry out in different slot times also use bearing different 1 5 4 3 Communication based on packet transmission Bluetooth uses a system of transmission based on packet transmission the flux of information is fragmented in packages In each slot only can be send an unique package All packages have the same format beginning with a code of access followed for the head of the package and finally the field of data of user The package only is accepted in the case III BACKGROUND CHAPTER TL THEORETICAL CONTEXT of the access code coincides with the identification code of the master of the piconet This prevents that packages are accepted by a false piconet that uses the same canal for the transmission In a canal with slot has been defined so much link synchronous as asynchronous as you can see in the following section The performance of the type of package is different to link synchronous already asynchronous In link asynchronous the packages can be of a slot three slots or five slots The
16. 9 tc18 4 11 xgraph 12 1 install otcl 1 11 telel 1 17 zlib 1 2 3 nam 1 11 sgb tk8 4 11 yquin detected ote Cygwin install is still considered EXPERIMENTAL hecking Cygwin version is gt 1 3 12 1 5 19 Cshould be ok Figure 11 Installation Run of NS2 Allione 2 29 III BACKGROUND CHAPTER 1 THEORETICAL CONTEXT Installing is finished and we have to configure system variables and library paths 1 gt You MUST put usr local ns allinone 2 2 2 ns allinone 2 29 otcl 1 11 usr local ns allinone 2 2 2 ns allinone 2 29 1ib into your LD_LIBRARY_PATH environment variable If it complains about amp libraries add path to your amp Libraries into LD_LIBRARY_PATH If you are using csh you can set it like setenv LD_LIBRARY_PATH lt paths gt If you are using sh you can set it like export LD_LIBRARY_PATH lt paths gt 2 gt You MUST put usr local ns allinone 2 2 2 ns allinone 2 29 tc18 4 11 librar y into your TCL_LIBRARY environmental variable Otherwise ns nam will complain during startup lt 3 OPTIONAL To save disk space you can now delete directories tc18 4 11 and tk8 4 11 They are now installed under usr local ns allinone 2 29 2 ns allinone 2 29 lt bin include lib gt After these steps you can now run the ns validation suite with cd ns 2 29 validate Figure 12 NS Installation Finished Once installed ns2 follow these steps to install the library specific UCBT Bluetooth cd
17. ILIARY FUNCTIONS IN DEPTH Outline of functioning diagram of flux DrawGraphic Get variables to paint and seeking their initial values that will be considered as the maximum sie number of varnables Size 0 Figure 37 Draw Graphic III BACKGROUND CHAPTER 4 AUXILIARY FUNCTIONS IN DEPTH 4 3 DrawNetwork This function paints the nodes and their connections in the main window The DrawNetwor is activated for the timer of the main function to paint in each cycle to repaint if there are variations in the characteristics of the network The nodes are drawn according to their position taking into account the position of the node furthest from the origin point 0 0 That is the network wide node depends on the farthest node So all nodes will be always able to represent regardless of the distances The color of the node depends of its Type Master red Slave cyan MasterSlave pink SlaveSlave blue and WithoutBattery gray The color of the interconnection between nodes depends of its State Idle gray Connect red Sniff light gray Emitting green Receiving orange and WithoutBattery gray III BACKGROUND CHAPTER 4 AUXILIARY FUNCTIONS IN DEPTH Outline of functioning diagram of flux DrawMetwork III BACKGROUND CHAPTER 4 AUXILIARY FUNCTIONS IN DEPTH 4 4 Routing Routing is a function that creates the connections between nodes The nodes are connected in piconet the program takes into account
18. MALARDALEN HOGSKOLA UNIVERSITY School of Innovation Design and Engineering MA M LARDALENS H GSKOLA WAS ESKILSTUNA V STER S Thesis work SIMULATOR ORIENTED CONTROL OF POWER IN BLUETOOTH WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS Manuel Garc a Plaza Francisco Javier Chicharro Martin 2009 MALARDALEN HOGSKOLA UNIVERSITY School of Innovation Design and Engineering Thesis work SIMULATOR ORIENTED CONTROL OF POWER IN BLUETOOTH WIRELES SENSOR NETWORKS Students MANUEL GARC A PLAZA FRANCISCO JAVIER CHICHARRO MARTIN Supervisor Martin Ekstr m martin ekstrom mdh se Mikael Ekstr m mikael ekstrom mdh se RRE e IRC GENERAL INDEX CENERALINDEA as Index of ifa ES 8 dex al Tao ND 11 LADA a M ee AAA O i enu AA o o A 13 2 Specific objectives or the DPOIECE an 15 PAESI A 15 KA Redi eint ELT E E a e ea ea Eai a iS 15 Se Descrption of the WOT AAPP 17 4 Methodology and plain of E 18 5 Structure of the document aida 19 M BACKGROUND cia CHAPTER 1 THEORETICAL CONTEXT rca ae Ll Theory about Wireless Sensor NetWOFKS sies ninia 20 1 1 1 Introduction Wireless Network 1e cei errtea uten rtt b ta ab rta ER Rond ber dene 20 1 1 2 EE 23 L2 Theory simulation E 25 1 2 1 Characteristics and simulation models iiir ettet pha o y EFER PER nA EX APPARE 25 1 2 2 When itis proper to late sssssicscssirisiisiisssincrsiisrrriririorssrs
19. a cds 45 1 5 4 8 Interconnection of piconets eege dio a a 47 1 5 5 Standardization of BIuetOOlli soie tete eic ete dee tov alate dois 47 1 20 Version 2 0FEDR ope e E aaa 48 CHAPTER 2 PROPERTIES OF THE PROGRAM s eeeeeeeeeeseeeete nete teen nete trahe nenne 2 15 ThE simulator a eren pate e n eii edes idu bien ouf ced idu inest e sertis 49 2 5 DIDUCLUCG OF INES atadas 51 2 Errors E SU AO a E e aa E a aE aS 52 JE E 52 2 5 Premises Or the simulator dias 53 CHAPTER 3 MAIN ELE ee 3 1 Help of Simulator Wireless Sensor Network eese 54 EE Ebene iua 57 3 3 Release 59 34 Help Ol Een in 6l 3 3 Help of ET E 63 315 Help or KN 65 3 6 Help or Characteristic Node epe etes tnt bubo predi e beoe DE Lie eia ue 67 CHAPTER 4 AUXILIARY FUNCTIONS IN DEPTH eeeeeseeeeeee terne entente LENITER 69 4 2 DrawGraphic sist ET 69 4 3 Draw INE E 71 e 13 AD Draw Node a A EEN 75 AO Functions or E 75 4 7 Simulator Wireless Sensor Network main function eese 75 AS INV AIT T T1 CHAPTER 5 BETA VERSION AND FUTURE WORKS AA 5 1 Improvements of efficiency uat Ee Ae 78 5 1 1 Better graphic ETH c sn eoe eer eee tei eic terunt e 78 2 12 Better Acces eii pie Der torre eed ii na estie od du eege 78 5 1 3 Major Capac CAN CG aos os st cs clades aia 79 SILA Higher quality graphs eege oro eee hp atc dag desiit stash 79 SLS Mor thana TOC ie id 79
20. al to all slaves in order that these can resynchronize their clocks During several operations of transmission and reception an unit check the access code at the beginning of the slot of reception If is received the code of access the head is decoded since it means that the package can be for it If the 3 bits of the direction of the slave are not the same that the 3 bits of the receiver then the slave stops to decode and turns to sleep 1 5 4 7 Sniff mode Sniff mode is a low consumption mode of Bluetooth On the sniff mode the devices have a reduced participation on the traffic of messages and packets On the sniff mode this occurs only at sniff intervals at this mode the device also listens to broadcast messages A Bluetooth module in the Sniff mode stays synchronized in the piconet It listens to the piconet at regular intervals Tr for a short instant This enables it to re synchronize itself with the piconet and to be able to make use of this Sniff window to send or receive data The consumption is as low as the Tan is large compared to the Sniff window If Tsnife 18 in the region of a second and the duration of Sniff Twin is in the region of several ms the consumption will be about 1 to 5 of the maximum transmission consumption average consumption of 1mA to 5mA approximately III BACKGROUND CHAPTER 1 THEORETICAL CONTEXT The Bluetooth Specification in section 10 8 2 states The slave has to listen at Dsniff slot
21. allation Praderas di 34 Fig re 14 Installing WE 35 Figure CN e PT 37 Figure 1G Nee IN ait T 38 Figure 7 Xgraph ERI T 38 Figure 18 1 Collector Node Connected to the Computer ssssssesessesseesrsressesrreresreesesrrrseereeseseresenee 40 Figure 18 2 Prototype Sensor Node iii 40 Figure 18 3 Final Version of the Sensor Node with BT 2 0 EDR class 1 with Battery 43 How 19 State Blood 46 Fig re 20 A Sniffer PrODO suelas 48 Figure 21 Simulator Wireless Network C 49 Picture 22 PONCE C 21 A A A A 51 POU 25 Fable EEES A A ule A AAA 51 RIUS 24 Fable NOE sedo east utbs slo K REE EE A ege eR ual indere 51 Bi SUS ZO OUU quM T tala is 52 Figure 26 Mesa EE 52 ET EE 52 Figure 29 Button of Help EE 53 Figure 30 Windows Simulator Wireless Sensor Network 54 Figure ST Windows INOS td e 27 Ligure 32 Windows CharacteristiC ita 59 Ligure 33 Windows EVE a E a Aan a a Aae EA TaT 6l Figure 34 Windows CVO INC scuto superno ai A E N 63 ET Table WM 65 Figure 36 Window E Ee 67 bisure 37 Draw Graphic Ee EE 70 Figure 25 Draw E 12 bis5ure A AAA O E O a araa a eat 74 EUA A AA T ipu AS dE S 85 Figure 43 Installer of NetBeans dee Ee 89 Figure 44 Installer of Netbeans JDK Route vaina ti doi 89 Figure 45 Installer of Netbeans Completed ergeet 90 Figure46Jav File S n ooo A AA A AAA A AA 91 Lisured7 Java File Sun DOLO A
22. ates of our net must be introduced in the windows that spreads out the area of Characteristic of sensor network nodes characteristics and events then through the Draw network button will be able to have the graphic representation of our net in the Network area gt Event current shows the time in milliseconds and second in which we are in the simulation the instant in which the external event is activated and in the square of text Out the changes of the variables due to the simulation For example Cycle 315 Node 1 variable 3 it fence linkeds 34 Being the variables Node 0 PositionX 1 PositionY 2 Energy 3 TypeNode 4 State 5 Near 6 Path 7 Queue 8 Count 9 gt The area of Information buttons shows the current characteristics of the simulation time of our network Therefore some windows will be inaccessible until to be defined the characteristics of the network gt The three buttons of Run are Play to start the simulation from the beginning or since the last cycle pause Stop to stop the complete simulation And pause for storing simulation data of the current situation in order to restart the simulation gt Finally we have the most wide area that consists in the space where is shown our nodes and their connections denominated Network area An important point consists in the auto scaling of its space that depending of the distances between the nodes the scaling will be done bigger or smaller in orde
23. be easily broken and is now rarely used except to discourage transient users from joining networks Current security practice is given by the IEEE 802 11i specification which defines new cryptographic ciphers and an additional protocol to authenticate stations to an access point and exchange keys for doing data communication Further cryptographic keys are periodically refreshed and there are mechanisms for detecting intrusion attempts and for countering intrusion attempts Another security protocol specification commonly used in wireless networks is termed WPA This was a precursor to 802 11i defined by an industry group as an interim measure while waiting for 802 11i to be ratified WPA specifies a subset of the requirements found in 802 11i and is designed for implementation on legacy hardware Specifically WPA defines the TKIP protocol that is derived from the original WEP protocol 802 11i permits use of TKIP but most stations will instead use the AES cipher for encrypting data a cipher that is too computationally costly to be implemented on legacy hardware III BACKGROUND CHAPTER 1 THEORETICAL CONTEXT Other than the above protocol standards the other important standard to be aware of is 802 11e This defines protocols for deploying multi media applications such as streaming video and voice over IP VoIP in an 802 11 network Like 802 111 802 11e also has a precursor specification termed WME and now WMM that has been defined by a
24. conet by defining their route until the receiving node The program will detect if one of the nodes does not have energy and will proceed to execute a new routing without this node You can stop the simulation to analyze the network at any instant by mean the main window or whatever of the applications We can reactivate it from the instant of the pause or returns to begin from the beginning The program provides all the dates that are wanted in several different formats as graphic codes Excel documents III BACKGROUND CHAPTER 2 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PROGRAM 2 2 Structure of files In order that our program will be of easily access to the characteristics of the built net in such a way that the program gathers the dates of some simple Excel tables Figure 23 So to modify or create these single dates is necessary to have a program with access to xIs tables For the introduction of the characteristics of the net that we want to build we have EventTables and NodeTables But for an enlargement of the program or to modify the energy quantities of consumption we have the DatasTables tables in which is stored the Excel with the empiric data of the energy consumptions of the nodes according to their state or type de build Lo DataTables SI CreateConnection de dist BI IdleMasterDefault e EventTables Ed IdleSlaveSniff e nbproject Gl Receive J NodeTables Ed SendDefault OutTables SendMasterQOS de src Ed SendMasterS
25. de inventario de SunConnection El registro es GRATUITO Figure 45 Installer of Netbeans Completed And later click in finishing In this way it has already been installed in our NetBeans 6 5 equipment in Spanish 12 VII USER MANUAL 2 Java Files Tutorial Java JDK 6 installation Update 12 in Windows XP Firstly Java SE Development Kit must be installed For this some captures have carried out of the steps that are necessary to follow to carry out it correctly It is somewhat truly simple that everybody can follow It accedes to the SUN page in Spanish who wants can make it in the official page in English language Innovando en Sun Voces de la comunidad C mo Comprar Iniciar Sesi n Y Espa a Cambiar Espa ol amp AY in Descargas Productos Servicios y Soluciones Soporte Formaci n Acerca de o com Figure 46 Java File Sun www aprendeinformaticacor In the Download menu Java 2 Standard Edition is selected dar BSS us Des ament 2 IGI s Innovando en Sun Voces de la comunidad C mo Comprar Iniciar Sesi n Espa a Cambiar Espa ol amp Sun Descargas Productos Servicios y Soluciones Soporte Formaci n Acerca de lt 4 gt 33 m s IR aprendeinformaticaconmigo com Figure 47 Java File Sun Dowload Now a list of software appears in order to run it JDK 6 Update 12 is selected by pressing the download button that is to
26. defined as master and the other as slaves The speed for an asymmetric canal of data can reach to 721 Kbit s in a sense and 57 6 Kbit s in the other or 432 6 Kbit s in both senses if the link is symmetrical This is for Bluetooth version 1 2 we are using 2 04 EDR that implies that the transmission speed is up to 3Mbit s III BACKGROUND CHAPTER 1 THEORETICAL CONTEXT 1 5 4 Architecture of Bluetooth This is the section where we study the most important features of Bluetooth technology It is needed for our future simulator 1 5 4 1 Specter of frequencies The election of the spectrum was decided in base of two fundamental considerations Firstly it must be of public access without need of licenses Secondly it must be validated universally Therefore Bluetooth operates around a band with frequency ISM 2 4 GHz 1 5 4 2 Outline of multiple access In the band ISM of 2 4 GHz are defined a whole of 79 leaps of bearing with 1 MHz of separation The time between leaps is of 625 microseconds The sequence of specific leap is determinate for the unit that controls the FH canal called master The clock of this unit defines also the phase in the sequence of leap The other units called slaves use the identity of the master to select the same sequence of leap and add times of stopped to its clocks to synchronize the frequency of leap In the dominion of the time the canal is divided in slot times The minimum time between leaps of 62
27. e analyze different versions available of ns2 the most useful the version known as all in one these versions have different applications to perform the simulations ns2 tcl otcl nam xgraph etcetera That discussed later Currently available versions ns allinone 2 28 and ns allinone 2 29 in which we can see its folder structure The installation will be done in a Windows XP machine A cweb de gt itm de nam 1 11 de ns 2 29 de otcl 1 11 de sgb de tc18 4 11 de tclcl 147 DEER de xgraph 12 1 de zlib 1 2 3 J install J INSTALL WIN32 README Figure 9 All in One Folder Structure III BACKGROUND CHAPTER 1 THEORETICAL CONTEXT 1 4 2 1 Cygwin Initially we prepare to install ns2 all in one 2 29 through Cygwin For this we install Cygwin and all associated libraries is shown in Figure 10 99 Cygwin Setup Progress This page displays the progress of the download or installation gt Running No package etc postinstall xorg 811 100 sh Progress 080 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total T Disk CO Cancel Figure 10 Installing Cygwin Copy ns allinone 2 29 2 tar to directory c cygwin usr local Unzip ns allinone 2 29 2 tar Click on desktop icon Cygwin Find the install exe file and Start to run the installation install usr local ns allinone 2 29 2 ns allinone 2 29 XB ES INSTALL WIN32 gt itm ns 2 2
28. eave it The result of leaving it in the desktop is shown in Figure 52 VII USER MANUAL Now that the file of installation is in our equipment it is executed and it follows the steps that it is beginning to indicate us java TM SE Development Kit 6 Update 11 Welcome to the Installation Wizard for Java TM SE Development Kit 6 Update 11 Java TM SE Development Kit 6 Update 11 Setup is preparing the Installation Wizard which will guide you through the program setup process Please wait www aprendeinformaticaconr Back Next gt Custom Setup Si Select the program Features you want installed un Select optional features to install from the list below You can change your choice of features after installation by using the Add Remove Programs utility in the Control Panel Feature Description EE as E Ig e Demos and Samples 6 Update 11 This will require Source Code 300MB on your hard drive Public JRE Java DB Install to C Archivos de programalJavaljdk1 6 0 11V Change www aprendeinformaticaconmigo com Back i Java Setup Destination Folder Destination Folder S Click Change to install Java to a different folder S un Install to C jArchivos de programalJavaljre6l www aprendeinformaticaconmi Cancel Java TM SE Development Kit 6 Update 1 Java TM SE Development Kit 6 Update 11 License License Agr
29. ed infrastructure mode and the master station is termed an access point AP In BSS mode all communication passes through the AP even when one station wants to communicate with another wireless station messages must go through the AP In the second form of network there is no master and stations communicate directly This form of network is termed an IBSS and is commonly known as an adhoc network III BACKGROUND CHAPTER 1 THEORETICAL CONTEXT 802 11 networks were first created in the 2 4GHz band using protocols defined by the IEEE 802 11b standard These specifications include the operating frequencies MAC layer characteristics including framing and transmission rates communication can be done at various rates Later the 802 11a standard defined operation in the 5GHz band including different signaling mechanisms and higher transmission rates Still later the 802 11g standard was defined to enable use of 802 11a signaling and transmission mechanisms in the 2 4GHz band in such a way as to be backwards compatible with 802 11b networks Separate from the underlying transmission techniques 802 11 networks have a variety of security mechanisms The original 802 11 specifications defined a simple security protocol called WEP This protocol uses a fixed pre shared key and the RC4 cryptographic cipher to encode data transmitted on a network Stations must all agree on the identity of the fixed key in order to communicate This scheme was shown to
30. eement amp Sun Please read the Following license agreement carefully Sun Microsystems Inc Binary Code License Agreement for the JAVA SE DEVELOPMENT KIT JDK VERSION 6 SUN MICROSYSTEMS INC SUN IS WILLING TO LICENSE THE SOFTWARE IDENTIFIED BELOW TO YOU ONLY UPON THE CONDITION THAT YOU ACCEPT ALL OF THE TERMS CONTAINED IN THIS BINARY CODE LICENSE AGREEMENT AND SUPPLEMENTAL LICENSE TERMS COLLECTIVELY AGREEMENT PLEASE READ THE AGREEMENT CAREFULLY BY DOWNLOADING OR INSTALLING THIS SOFTWARE YOU ACCEPT THE TERMS OF THE AGREEMENT INDICATE ACCEPTANCE BY SELECTING THE ACCEPT BUTTON AT THE BOTTOM OF THE AGREEMENT IF YOU ARE NOT WILLING TO BE BOUND BY ALL THE TERMS SELECT THE DECLINE BUTTON T www aprendeinformaticaconmigo com Ini x Mi Installing m Sun The program features you selected are being installed NS i Java TM SE Development Kit 6 Update 11 Progress Java Please wait while the Install Wizard installs Java TM SE Development Kit 6 Update 11 This may take several minutes Status www aprendeinformaticaconmigo com va Setup Progress J Installing Java d Sun j This may take a few minutes Sege ava Status Now you can have a full featured office suite that s compatible with Microsoft Office for free Powerful integrated set of word processing adsheet presentation drawin and See i rus ES i Reads edits and saves Microso
31. ents Figure 24 Table Nodes III BACKGROUND CHAPTER 2 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PROGRAM A file to keep in mind is the out txt in which are stored all variations of the variables of the nodes for which permits deal with that information in our simulator is used for the graphic application The line comes with the numeric data that correspond with Cycle outNode outNumVariablet outNew Value Variable Archivo Edici n Formato Ver 2513324 Line Figure 26 out txt 2 3 Errors in the simulation We keep in mind all possible errors when we introduce the dates and it finds out for screen of which has been the error in order that it can correct it Mensaje A Mensaje xs Initializes the table node Caracteristic of the sensor network Nodes Number of nodes is incorrect Figure 28 Message 1 Figure 27 Message 2 2 4 Help To explain the functioning and the peculiarities of the windows of our simulator we will use a tool of the own simulator the help application by exposing in this thesis what is put directly In each window in the top right corner we find the interrogative sign that give us an informative window with a detailed explanation of the window of our discussion Figure 29 III BACKGROUND CHAPTER 2 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PROGRAM All windows of help are constructed in three depart general explanation of the window explanation of specific things and beta ve
32. eristicNode DrawNode makes a representation by state and type with colors Also the function makes a nice representation of the battery which changes its size depending of the current load of the nodes These graphical representations such as updating tables are repainted every second for not to saturate the program 4 6 Functions of the tables These functions allow that the program works directly with data found in Excel tables These functions are generic and can work with any type of table Thus the program allows that the user creates their tables for the use of the simulation Or when a programmer wants an improvement of the program this will be easy to implement new structures of tables EventTable TableException NodeTable TableSearch Table 1 Functions of Boards 4 7 Simulator Wireless Sensor Network main function This function has three distinct parts The first part of the function initializes all variables that were used throughout the simulation The second part works in the graphical environment of the main function from which the user interacts with the network This part was explained in detail in the section of main functions The last part of the function is responsible of the calculation of consumption of the nodes and of changing their characteristics in response of events III BACKGROUND CHAPTER A AUXILIARY FUNCTIONS IN DEPTH It does so through nine auxiliary functions implemented thi
33. erministic or stochastic e Discrete or continuous III BACKGROUND CHAPTER 1 THEORETICAL CONTEXT In discrete event simulation the operation of a system is represented as a chronological sequence of events Each event occurs at an instant in time and marks a change of state in the system Discrete Simulation tz Start Simulation t simulation time Next event Update States characteristics t end simulation End time Simulation Figure 6 Discrete Simulation III BACKGROUND CHAPTER TL THEORETICAL CONTEXT 1 2 2 When itis proper to simulate Simulation is not always an appropriate technique to solve the problem there are other methods of analysis analytical solutions of mathematical models experimenting with physical models testing the system on real It can be applied to other simulation methods when the costs exceed the budget or time if the resource is not available where the behavior of a system is so complex that it cannot be defined and so on 1 2 3 Uses of network simulators Network simulators serve a variety of needs Compared to the cost and time involved in setting up an entire test bed containing multiple networked computers routers and data links network simulators are relatively fast and inexpensive They allow engineers to test scenarios that might be particularly difficult or expensive to emulate using real hardware for instance simulating the effects of a sudden burst
34. erms of the accord of license are accepted click in following and the following window appears Instalaci n de NetBeans IDE 6 5 RC2 Elja la carpeta de instalaci n y JOK Instalar NetBeans IDE en C Archivos de programs NetBeans 6 5 RC JOK para NetBeans IDE OD Mechreos de programa Jovalx 60 07 Figure 44 Installer of Netbeans JDK Route VII USER MANUAL The route which is about to install NetBeans is selected and then the JDK route which will work NetBeans Click in following and later click in installing Haga cick en Terminar para terminar la inst also n de NetBeans IDE Se complet satisfactoriamente la instalaci n 7 Apove al proyecto NetBeans proporcionando datos de uso anonimamente Si acepta participar el IDE mantendr un seguimiento de las caracter st ns que m s usa La recolecci n an mina de datos ser n erniados a la base de datos de estadisticas de uso en el servidor netbeans org Las estadisticas de uso ayudar n a entender mejor los requerimientos de usuario y priorizar las mejoras en futuras versiones No hay absolut mente ninguna manera de invertir la ingenier a de la recogida de datos para encontre detalles sobre sus proyectos Ver para m s n semari n Al registrarse usted recibe los siguientes beneficios Ofertas especiales en productos de desarrollo de Sun servicios y entrenamiento Permite hacer seguimiento y admirisrtar sus productos registrados en el sitio
35. ess sensor network in environmental applications 3 Figure 5 Environmental Applications III BACKGROUND CHAPTER 1 THEORETICAL CONTEXT 1 2 Theory simulation of networks Explanation of different methods of simulating Simulation is the imitation of the real operation of a system during a time interval it works Define a simplified mathematical model of the real system Numerically represents the evolution of the model for a certain period of time Estimate the characteristics of the system from data collected in the previous step Changes in a real system can be simulated in order to predict the impact on it then it is necessary to use a complex computer program 1 2 1 Characteristics and simulation models The simulation is characterized by Allow more complex models than analytical methods Substitute for experimentation with the real system when it is impossible or very expensive Produce estimates not exact solutions The behavior of the simulation is determined by the simulation model A simulation model is a set of assumptions concerning the operation of the real system These assumptions are expressed through mathematical and logical relationships between entities Using the model we define the structure processes queues node types energies resources attributes of each element events that can alter the state of the system over time Simulation models are classified as e Static or dynamic e Det
36. ess sensor networks The simulator will permit define it Bluetooth net node number characteristics of each node energy state etcetera Perform the simulation and get the results on file for its study The programming of the simulator so much the functionality as the graphic environment will be in Java language The program will be totally modulate and enlargeable with any characteristic that want develop Initial will be a prototype with different tools functioning correctly and other to develop in improvements of the program II INTRODUCTION 4 Creation of a guide for the simulator a Use b Form to develop new characteristics Explanatory note Th degr project is part of a major project within the MDH University therefore a lot of documentation and empiric data reals have been provided by the tutors for accuracy in the simulations II INTRODUCTION 3 Description of the work After studying well thoroughly the NS2 program and its library it is seen that this somewhat obsolete and that is very ambiguous for to use and its language is difficult of described Moreover the documentation on the Web is not very intense especially in the subject of Bluetooth and its energy efficiency After several weeks by studying the characteristics of the communication for Bluetooth and of the Wireless Sensor Networks nets and the different existent simulators at present is feasible and necessary create an own simulator mo
37. etooth technology Also was possible to put into practice the knowledge of programming in Java and power control It is necessary to depth in studies of the department to implement these concepts in the thesis done Finally thank you for the very big support from the tutors who are always ready to help IV CODE IV Code The chapter Code has been annexed because of its large volume over 200 pages which would complicate the easy and quick reading of the document This annex is the code of all Java classes developed in the program This annex is divided by function starting by the name of the function Caracteristic java CaracteristicNodes java Datas java DrawGraphic java DrawNetwork java DrawNodes java Event java Graphic java Main java Nodes java Routing java Simulator WirelessSensorNetwork java Table java Event table java Node Table java TableException java TableSearch java V SPICIFICATION V SPECIFICATIONS For the manufacture of the project will be necessary 1 Software Microsoft Windows XP Professional Microsoft Office XP NetBeans IDE 6 5 1 Java JDK 6 Update 12 Java SE Development Kit Java XLS component Library to be accustomed file Excel in java Eclipse optional VVVVVV 2 Hardware gt Laptop Dell 1 8GHz or similar VI BUDGET 1 Costs of material execution VI BUDGET The costs of execution include all costs associa
38. f these as if this will be an Office application As the input values can be small or very large would be interesting to the possibility of indicate the measurement units III BACKGROUND CHAPTER 5 BETA VERSION AND FUTURE WORKS 5 1 3 Major capacitance As it is explained earlier in the premises the program is configured with variables type int these limit the capabilities An improvement could be exchanged for variables with more capacity or with possibility of decimal values Taking into account that the values of the variables are often used by several different applications all these applications should be prepared for this new type of variable 5 1 4 Higher quality graphs A program with more powerful graphics and more features such as bar graphs with the energy of the nodes An improvement would be the possible to get Excel files with the desired data to be used in other programs what is very interesting because it uses the power through other programs More applications for representing the total consumption of the nodes through tables or graphics 5 1 5 More than a receiver A possible improvement is more than one receiver node of information The user could choose the node that the program sends the information to and the number of recipients of all information III BACKGROUND CHAPTER 5 BETA VERSION AND FUTURE WORKS 5 2 Improvements in performance and features Some features of the program have some shortcom
39. ft Office files Supports over 70 languages and Solaris Windows Linux and Mac operating systems Uses industrystandard open file format OpenDocument as its default file format Builtin one click PDF export B BH BR B BH opt Winer Ge men Se Ow Mah rg www aprendeinformaticaconmigo com omplete x Java TM SE Development Kit 6 Update 11 Successfully Installed Product Registration is FREE and includes many benefits Notification of new versions patches and updates Special offers on Sun products services and training Access to early releases and documentation When you click Finish product and system data will be collected and the JDK product registration Form will be presented If you do not register none of this information Java AE For more information on what data Registration collects and how it is managed and used see the Product Registration Information Page E sun Product Registration Information www aprendeinformaticaconmigo com es Figure 53 Java File Process Installation VII USER MANUAL This does not have any difficulty Now already we have installed the necessary software to compile java programs but before putting with it and it considers executed this tutorial have to comment you that we must include in the path of Windows the directory bin of our new JDK The more simple form to make it is to include this path in the variables of environment of Windows in orde
40. hat will permit develop the simulation The characteristics to define for the user are Node PositionX Position Y and Energy It can be defined in the moment to open the window and save the characteristics of the nodes in an Excel type file for using later or can be loaded directly in an Excel table already saved In this way we can have a complex net of nodes already defined and make multiple simulations in different moments without to have to define the net again III BACKGROUND CHAPTER 3 MAIN FUNCTIONS Explanation of specific things gt To define a new net can be made directly from our simulator or from an Excel table that have been already predefined If it is done from our simulator the first step is to write the number of nodes that the net has and fill their data by keeping in mind the peculiarities of the node 0 If it is done from the Excel table simply modifies from one of the tables already defined gt If we want to open one of the Excel tables already defined simply we write the name of the desired table and that is found in the Node Tables folder and press the open button If we want to save the data we put the desired name and press save the table is save in the Node Tables folder It is not necessary to write the extension xls gt To finish in any of the cases we must press the button load to load the net gt To use the Excel tables we need to use auxiliary functions created for us These classes a
41. he communication between different piconets In Bluetooth has be defined a HOLD mode to permit to a station gives up temporarily a piconet and visit other HOLD also can be used as an additional mode of below consumption 1 5 5 Standardization of Bluetooth At the beginning of 1998 was formed the Bluetooth Special Interest Group to promote the concepts of Bluetooth and to establish standard for the industry The SIG was promoted for manufacturers of the industry of the mobile communications of the industry of portable computers and of the industry of integration of chips Ericsson Nokia IBM Toshiba and Intel In July 1999 was published the version 1 0 of the specification Nowadays this standard follows in evolution since appear new applications base on Bluetooth and only must add more specifications to the pile of protocols III BACKGROUND CHAPTER 1 THEORETICAL CONTEXT 1 5 6 Version 2 0 EDR In most of the cases the effective range of class 2 Version Data Rate devices is extended if they connect to a class 1 Version 1 2 1 Mbps transceiver compared to a pure class 2 network This is accomplished by the higher sensitivity and transmission Version 2 0 EDR 3 Mbps power of Class 1 devices The nominal rate of EDR is about 3 megabits per second although the practical data transfer rate is 2 1 megabits per second The additional throughput is obtained by using a different radio technology for tra
42. in traffic or a DoS attack on a network service Networking simulators are particularly useful in allowing designers to test new networking protocols or changes to existing protocols in a controlled and reproducible environment Network simulators as the name suggests are used by researchers developers and QA to design various kinds of networks simulate and then analyze the effect of various parameters on the network performance A typical network simulator encompasses a wide range of networking technologies and helps the users to build complex networks from basic building blocks like variety of nodes and links With the help of simulators one can design hierarchical networks using various types of nodes like computers hubs bridges routers optical cross connects multicast routers mobile units MSAUS etc 11 III BACKGROUND CHAPTER 1 THEORETICAL CONTEXT 1 3 Existing Simulators In the following paragraphs various simulators and computer networks are explained for an overview of existing methods 1 3 1 OMNeT OMNeT is a public source component based modular and open architecture simulation environment with strong GUI support and an embeddable simulation kernel Its primary application area is the simulation of communication networks and because of its generic and flexible architecture it has been successfully used in other areas like the simulation of IT systems queuing networks hardware architectures and business
43. infinite types Only one type has been defined by the inherent complexity of programming and this is called Beta Version This version creates the connections between nodes considering its position in the network and that all nodes can communicate This feature can load the routing without to load all the features if you just want to visualize the connections between nodes While the Load button also loads the routing The function that is defined in the algorithm that creates the piconet the unions between them and the node 0 and which is used as an auxiliary to the routing through the window is Routing Beta version This is one of the most enlargeable windows we can enlarge as empiric data it has collections and that depend of the characteristics of the net Simply once we have more data must be can selected it and depending of that selection data are loaded of energy different consumptions III BACKGROUND CHAPTER 3 MAIN FUNCTIONS 3 4 Help of Events Properties of events 0 100 53 3598 14 4 8 99 3 3 9 3 Alo Figure 33 Windows Event General explanation of the window We define the external events those which answer to the net We define these events by filling the characteristics from the window of our simulator or from the templates of the Excel table The characteristics to define for the user are Event Type Start Sender node Packages Size a
44. ing from hundreds of dollars to a few cents depending on the size of the sensor network and the complexity required of individual sensor nodes Size and cost constraints on sensor nodes result in corresponding constraints on resources such as energy memory computational speed and bandwidth 2 eerste TEE Wi A Wi PEET PS ED nn wer ES r III BACKGROUND CHAPTER 1 THEORETICAL CONTEXT Due to limited battery life the nodes are built taking into account energy conservation and generally spend much time at sleep mode with low power consumption A sensor network normally constitutes a wireless ad hoc network meaning that each sensor supports a multi hop routing algorithm several nodes may forward data packets to the base station Moreover WSN has restoration capacity i e if a node fails the network will find new ways to route data packets In this way the network will survive as a whole even if individual nodes that lose power or be destroyed The development of wireless sensor networks was originally motivated by military applications such as battlefield surveillance However wireless sensor networks are now used in many industrial and civilian application areas including industrial process monitoring and control machine health monitoring environment and habitat monitoring healthcare applications home automation and traffic control The next image shows the use of wirel
45. ings that can be improved by changing certain properties and developing the program The chapter explains the features that would be more interesting to expand and the way to do it 5 2 1 Movement in the nodes The program is already prepared to make simulations with nodes that change the position but in the simulator is not done this possibility Simply some things of the graphic environment must be changed to introduce events with this variation of position of the node Also is important when a node moves perhaps must be made a new routing if the structures of the piconet varies a simple call to the routing function with its corresponding consumption 5 2 2 Consumption for distances About the previous enlargement the simulator could keep in mind the distances in the consumption simply introducing the appropriate algorithm when the energy is discounted 5 2 3 Major temporal efficiency Some of the bigger deficiencies of the program are the duration of the process of simulation to represent a second of a normal net takes ten seconds a relation one ten That means that a long simulation of hours is a loser of time This latency of results is must principally due to that for each millisecond of simulation are update all values of the graphic environment all results for all types are extracted of out files and it turns to paint the net It is normal that takes time in processing all The solution is simple it must have the option
46. irectory VIII BIBLIOGRAPHIC VIII Bibliographic All websites were accessed on the date of May 2009 Theory about Wireless Sensor Networks 1 http www freebsdmall com loader en_US ISO8859 1 articles wireless article html 2 http library abb com GLOBAL SCOT scot27 1 nsf VerityDisplay A019E9833DCF281 9C1257199004E5 DD2 File 39 42 202M631_SPA72dpi pdf 3 http dialnet unirioja es servlet articulo codigo 2027 180 Theory simulation of networks cygwin http hpds ee ncku edu tw smallko ns2 ns229 pdf 1 http nsnam isi edu nsnam 2 http www omnetpp org 3 http minnie tuhs org REAL 4 http bioeng washington edu jsim 5 http nsl csie nctu edu twNCTUnsReferences memoria pdf 6 http www diatel upm es http sindocumentos blogsome com 2006 06 08 instalacion de ns 2 network simulator 7 http nms les mit edu projects Blueware software 8 http www cs uc edu cdmc ucbt ucbt html 9 http www bluehoc com 10 http ftp sunsite dk projects wipsim www htdocs index html old 11 http en wikipedia org wiki Network simulator VIII BIBLIOGRAPHIC 12 http es debugmodeon com articulo instalar netbeans ide 6 5 espanol en windows xp 13 http www aprendeinformaticaconmigo com tutorial instalacion java jdk 6 update 1 2 e n windows xp 14 http www palowireless com
47. llow horizontal bars that change size depending on the energy they have When the bars are full correspond with the total of energy and the maximum of energy with the node that has more energy The total area of the bar has an auto scaling of the maximum power gt The code responsible for painting the window graphic environment is the function DrawNode Beta version One improvement would be a better graphical environment III BACKGROUND CHAPTER 4 AUXILIARY FUNCTIONS IN DEPTH CHAPTER 4 AUXILIARY FUNCTIONS IN DEPTH In this chapter is explained the auxiliary methods used internally by the program in the main functions 4 1 Dates Function where are storing data that are used for most windows and for that must be accessible in order to read and to write Tables where we can find the characteristics of the net that are stored and tables in which are stored the energy consumptions that are going to be used or varied with the same functionality 4 2 DrawGraphic This function paints the graphics in the Graphic window It takes the data that needs from the file out txt and paints the graphic according to the split that calculates previously The signals are painted with a characteristic color depending of the order in which it starts to paint That order corresponds with the order of the following list blue magenta orange green red dark gray pink cyan yellow and the rest black III BACKGROUND CHAPTER 4 AUX
48. mplete and complex simulator in which in a same program can be visualized the characteristics and events of a net and can be visualized the energy processes and other characteristics in a direct way and several ways through different complements Simulator Wireless Network e m EX 12 E E E Caracteristic Nodes Figure 21 Simulator Wireless Network III BACKGROUND CHAPTER 2 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PROGRAM A built simulator to be enlargeable modular and of open code in such a way that any expert in the matter can be capable of develop new complements for the simulator or improve the already existent For that a great effort have been done in explaining with detail each function and algorithm in order that these can be modified and improved without major complication In different places we can find the beta version expression that wants to express the desire that this single code is the beginning of a great program with multiple features Once loaded all the necessary dates for simulation simply giving click in the play button the simulator began to keep in mind all consumptions by updating the data of the nodes wireless sensors with Bluetooth communication We can see all the characteristics in real time by keeping in mind the latency by means of the graphic environment The program executes all programmed event by beginning for the routing commissioned function to organize to the nodes for pi
49. n industry group as a subset of 802 11e that can be implemented now to enable multi media applications while waiting for the final ratification of 802 11e The most important thing to understand about 802 11e and WME WMM is that it enables prioritized traffic use of a wireless network through Quality of Service QoS protocols and enhanced media access protocols Proper implementation of these protocols enable high speed bursting of data and prioritized traffic flow 1 Modem a lt Desktop D xdi Notebook Router Printer WW VEM A Typical Wireless Network Figure 3 Wireless Network III BACKGROUND CHAPTER 1 THEORETICAL CONTEXT 1 1 2 Wireless Sensor Network A wireless sensor network WSN is a wireless network consisting of spatially distributed autonomous devices using sensors to cooperatively monitor physical or environmental conditions such as temperature sound vibration pressure motion or pollutants at different locations In addition to one or more sensors each node in a sensor network is typically equipped with a radio transceiver or other wireless communications device a small microcontroller and an energy source usually a battery The envisaged size of a single sensor node can vary from shoebox sized nodes down to devices the size of grain of dust although functioning motes of genuine microscopic dimensions have yet to be created The cost of sensor nodes is similarly variable rang
50. n illness that produced him this coloration in his set of teeth This king unified the kingdoms of Scandinavia Bluetooth unifies the different technologies by means of an universal device for the interconnection of all kind of peripheral The devices that incorporate Bluetooth recognize and it is communicated in such a way that the canal remains open and not requires not the direct intervention and constant of the user whenever wants to send somewhat The specification sprang up at the beginning of 1998 through the collaboration of several leading undertakings of the industry of the wireless technologies Ericsson Nokia Intel IBM Toshiba Motorola and more late 3Com Palm which formed the SIG Special Interest Group These undertakings have adopted this technology to develop it with their own products which began to work out to the market to ends of the year 2000 Each new member company of the SIG graduates as the other a license to implant the specification 1 0 gives birth of royalties The Ericsson undertakings Sweden and Nokia Finland are of all previous the main Bluetooth promoters as an open specification for the industry of the computer science and of the telecommunications by using a wireless connection of stop reach that is not in need of direct sight between the connected devices The technology counts with the support of this type on purpose unlike other as DECT or IrDA that present some problems on time to unload informa
51. nd N of packages We can save these data for using later III BACKGROUND CHAPTER 3 MAIN FUNCTIONS Explanation of specific things Events are successes of the node Node Sender that at a certain moment Start in milliseconds want to send a number of number of packets N of packages of a certain size Packages Size The characteristics of the events are used mainly for defining the transport of information between nodes The number of the event Event is irrelevant unless the event O as is explained above since it is the only type Type 0 all other events that are sending data are Type 1 gt The total time of simulation must be defined in which the simulator stop automatically This parameter is Timer of Simulator and must be in milliseconds gt To define the tables of events follow the same processes that to define the table of nodes gt As in any of the windows of loading data if you want proceed with the simulation must be pressed Load to load the events gt To use the Excel tables is necessary the auxiliary functions that were created in this project These are called Event Table NodeTable TableException TableSearch Beta version The program just has two types of RoutingO or Sender events while that it can have much more such as out node or movement of a node III BACKGROUND CHAPTER 3 MAIN FUNCTIONS 3 5 Help of Graphic 6 Graphic lt cer
52. nd simulate algorithms or distributions of energy savings II INTRODUCTION II Introduction Introduction is a brief explanation of the theoretical background initial thoughts of the objectives and working 1 Context A net of sensors is the collection of a big whole of sensors nodes spread out in a specifically region The nets of sensors Ad Hoc considerate highly distributed are constituted for small nodes wireless and with light weight that is spread out in a specific area Its function is to decide a substructure of wireless communication to see something specific temperature pressure movement of objects etcetera While that an individual node has a region of sensing a power of processing and a limited energy having a great sensors number it increases the robustness reliability and precision in the given area of cover of the net If the net has more sensors nodes that cooperate and collaborate among themselves in a certain region the acquisition of the information is more extensive It gives more security in the sensing and reaffirms the good acting of the net As seen in Figure 1 the architecture of a scatter net is depicted O Cluster head O Cluster node e O Base station Cluster eem Figure 1 Network II INTRODUCTION As for the energy many of the current devices that have feeding based on batteries whose period of life depends on the time they are active but in any case it will require the pre
53. niff Ji test BI SendSlaveQOS build Ed SendSlaveSniff _ manifest mf outEvents Figure 23 Files inicio Insertar Dise o de pagina F rmulas Datos Revisar Vista 7 X NT Figure 22 Folders x LET I EN in F rmulas Datos Revisar Vista 7 X A Aral RIDE SCH hi a T E e A Ariat SIE Wy A ENR Kei TT CR Ga Noa s A w m S SH eis ero le ilos sar Pegar P Les S ce ar Pegar o gt A EEIE N mero Estilos Eo Portapa ol j Modificar Portapa E Fuente 7 Alineaci n 5 E Modificar E C25 O f al IS G HE Is D E Lg G H ei Event Type Start Node Zen Package EN of packages 1 Node PositionX PositionY Energy Ka 0 0 0 0 2 0 1000 3 1 1 300 1 2 1000 3 1 400 400 1000 EN 2 1 500 1 2 250 ER 2 800 743 1000 5 3 1 200 1 2 400 5 3 100 600 1000 6 4 1 200 1 2 5000 6 4 900 922 1000 7 1 5 298 470 1000 EN M8 6 700 288 1000 9 9 7 660 711 1000 10 10 8 666 566 1000 11 Ja 9 900 100 1000 1 12 32 10 300 390 1000 3 13 13 11 500 1000 1000 14 14 12 488 500 1000 15 KE 13 440 621 1000 16 16 14 770 578 1000 117 47 15 789 660 1000 I 18 18 16 198 900 1000 19 19 17 100 189 1000 LE d 20 18 300 765 1000 LE V 21 19 657 100 1000 i221 22 123 23 24 24 25 mmm en A E i2 xls 23 Wel H Listo Ez fran slk 2 Figure 25 Table Ev
54. ns allinone 2 xx ns 2 xx tar zxvf ucbt xx tgz cd ucbt xx install bt with option t or d to enable debug cd test Run some examples ns xxx tcl xxx out cd tools make Use the modified setdest to generate mobile scenario Qv UL de NS If the process is followed correctly the message appeared on the screen is showing in Figure 13 UCBT was installed sucessfully You can try some example in test If you make changes to the source code type make to recompile it Enjoy Figure 13 UCBT Installation Finished III BACKGROUND CHAPTER 1 THEORETICAL CONTEXT 1 4 2 2 Virtual Machine Due to NS2 is developed for Unix systems we try to install it on a virtual machine we use for it VMWare T VMware Workstation File Edit View VM Power Snapshot Windows Help a ud ja EdSnapshot EgjRever ET R24 E Home x BU Linux 4 0 Fedora Core 2 x E vmware Starting Press F2 to enter SETUP F12 for Netuc Figure 14 Installing VMware Once installed ns2 follow these steps to install the library specific UCBT Bluetooth E Get ns2 get ucbt xx tgz tar zxvf ns allinone 2 xx tar gz cd ns allinone 2 xx ns 2 xx tar zxvf ucbt xx tgz cd ucbt xx install bt with option t or d to enable debug cd test Run some examples ns xxx tcl gt xxx out SS Ei cL GN LOA UA fo cd tools make III BACKGROUND CHAPTER 1 THEORETICAL CONTEXT
55. nsmission of the data Standard or Basic Rate transmission uses Gaussian Frequency Shift Keying GFSK modulation of the radio signal with a gross air data rate of 1Mbit s EDR uses a combination of GFSK and Phase Shift Keying modulation PSK with two variants 1 4 DQPSK and 8DPSK These have gross air data rates of 2 and 3 Mbit s respectively According to the 2 0 specification EDR provides the following benefits e Reduced complexity of multiple simultaneous connections due to additional bandwidth Lower power consumption through a reduced duty cycle The Bluetooth Special Interest Group SIG published the specification as Bluetooth 2 0 EDR which implies that EDR is an optional feature Aside from EDR there are other minor improvements to the 2 0 specification and products may claim compliance to Bluetooth 2 0 without supporting the higher data rate At least one commercial device the HTC TyTN Pocket PC phone states Bluetooth 2 0 without EDR on its data sheet Figure 20 A Sniffer Probe The Figure 20 is of a sniffer probe used to listen and record the communication over a link it is not an ordinary Bluetooth dongle III BACKGROUND CHAPTER 2 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PROGRAM CHAPTER 2 PROPERTIES OF THE PROGRAM In this section we define the general features of the program such as folder structure errors help tool the assumptions of the simulator and a brief introduction 2 1 The simulator It is a co
56. nt therefore we must be careful with introducing those values in order to do not pass the maximum rank that allows one int or the consequences can be a functioning not expected of the simulator III BACKGROUND CHAPTER 3 MAIN FUNCTIONS CHAPTER 3 MAIN FUNCTIONS In this chapter is explained all the windows available in the program giving a general explanation of the window specific characteristics and ways of improving 3 1 Help of Simulator Wireless Sensor Network 2 Simulator Wireless Network min mim Caracteristic of sensor Network 8 x Network Y Event 3 on in time 200milisecond Event 4 on in time 200milisecond Event 1 on in time 300milisecond Out Cycle 385 Node 1 Variable 3 Value 614 Jaj Cycle 386 Node 1 Variable 3 Value 613 Cycle 387 Node 1 Variable 3 Value 612 Cycle 388 Node 1 Variable 3 Value 611 e Information RSR Caracteristic Nodes Run ee Figure 30 Windows Simulator Wireless Sensor Network General explanation of the window Main window where we can find five different areas The areas are Characteristic of sensor network Event current amp Out Information Run and space called Network The distribution of these areas in the window is not random the areas are placed for the order that must be attended III BACKGROUND CHAPTER 3 MAIN FUNCTIONS Explanation of specific things gt Firstly the d
57. of the budget of material execution FEES OF WRITING 3507 7 5 Import total of the budget Concept Total Budget of execution for contract 611342 Fees of writing 3507 7 Total 64641 9 16 IVA 74984 6 Table 8 Costs Total The total amount of the budget sums 74984 6 VII USER MANUAL VII USER MANUAL Brief description of how to install the software that has been used to program development NetBeans and java files are necessary also the executable must be installed as provided 1 NetBeans Minimum requests of hardware Microsoft Windows XP Professional SP3 Processor 800MHz Intel Pentium III or equivalent Memory 512MB Space in disk 750MB of free space in disk Requests of software Java SE Development Kit JDK 6 Link direct to the JSE version NetBeans 6 5 Java SE Instalador para Windows Espafiol es This package only brings the plug in for the development in J2SE because we can add what we want by the administration of plugins or component If you want to see the other packages http bits netbeans org netbeans 6 5 community latest ml VII USER MANUAL Installation When the installer is executed will appear this window Bienvenido al instalador de NetBeans IDE 6 5 RC2 El asistente instalar NetBeans IDE con el paquete Java SE Tama o de la iratalaci n 144 7 MB Coo Cem Figure 43 Installer of NetBeans Click in following The t
58. oute to the list of folders and it play accept In order that this has effect it is necessary to restart the computer If we want to not restart the computer or cannot have the option to add the route that it have commented before but this time through the console of commands of the form path path C Archivos of program Vava jdk1 6 0_12 bin In this way will have available the executable of this folder in the path at this time but this single solution serves us until restarting the computer for that one time restarted this information that we have just introduce won t be available In order that is somewhat durable will have to configure the variables of environment of Windows 13 VII USER MANUAL 3 Executable The program was developed in Java and then the simulator does not have Exe file since it would lose the independence that Java offers It is necessary to run Java Virtual Machine JVM Once the JVM is installed we can directly click on simulator bat or GraphicInterface jar and begin to operate the simulator The folder structure is what is shown in the Figure 57 the directory containing the Excel data tables and results and the libraries necessary for a proper operating of the simulator DataTables EventTables NodeTables EE simulator Ar lotes MS DOS elo c OutTables GraphicInterface ecutable Jar OutEvents File de texto e Euuu Execul 218 KB OKB Figure 57 Executable D
59. processes OMNeT lt THE OPEN SIMULATOR Figure 7 OMNeT Simulator 1 3 2 Realistic and Large Network Simulator Real REAL is a simulator for studying the dynamic behavior of flow and congestion control schemes in packet switch data networks It provides users with a way of specifying such networks and to observe their behavior Source code is provided so that interested users can modify the simulator to their own purposes It was written by S Keshav 3 1 3 3 Java Simulator Simulator developed by NSF DARPA CISCO and Illinois University and Ohio University JSim is a Java based simulation system for building quantitative numeric models and analyzing them with respect to experimental reference data JSim models may intermix ODEs PDEs implicit equations integrals summations discrete events and procedural code as appropriate Jim s model compiler can automatically insert conversion factors for compatible physical units as well as detect and reject unit unbalanced equations 4 III BACKGROUND CHAPTER 1 THEORETICAL CONTEXT 1 3 4 Wireless IP Simulator WIPSIM The WIPSim is an event driven simulator that has been developed by Martijn Kuipers and Gerben Kuijpers PhD students at the Center for PersonKommunikation CPK at Aalborg University Denmark The simulator is used as a tool to investigate issues in ad hoc networking Personal Area Networking PAN routing QoS and mobility in IP networks 10 1 3 5
60. r that is available whenever to start the computer and have to put the path again For this go us to start configuration panel of control system is the same thing that if we click with the right button of the mouse in my Pc and select properties propiedades det sistema ca es Restaurar sistema Actualizaciones autom ticas Remoto General Membredeequipo Hardware pciones avanzadas Debe iniciar la sesi n como un Administrador para hacer la mayor a de los cambios Rendimiento Efectos visuales programaci n del procesador uso de memoria y memoria virtual Configuraci n M Perfiles de usuario Configuraci n del escritorio relacionada con su inicio de sesi n Configuraci n Inicio y recuperaci n Inicio de sistema error de sistema e informaci n de depuraci n Configuraci n i Informe de errores www aprendeinformaticaconmigo com Aceptar Cancelar Aplicar Figure 54 Java File Configuration Advanced Options and it play in the Variables button of environment Must appear somewhat similar to the following capture Variables de entorno AS variables de usuario para Administrador WMSDK MTPPK12 Responder C Documents and Settings Administrad TMP C Documents and Settings Administrad Nueva Modificar Eliminar M Variables del sistema Variable Valor ComSpec C WINDOWS
61. r to all the nodes can go in even if we have the possibility of mobile nodes the space of scaling would change continuously in order to all nodes entere in the delimited area for the representation of the net Nodes and their connections are shown with different colors so can be distinguee easily some of their characteristics The color of the node defines its type Master red Slave cyan MasterSlave pink SlaveSlave blue and central node white The color of the connection defines the state Idle gray Connect red Sniff gray Emitting green Receiving orange and Without battery black III BACKGROUND CHAPTER 3 MAIN FUNCTIONS The central node is considered that is connected directly with the computer that will process the information of the nodes and this is the only one with a circle surrounding all of its slave nodes As clarification we must consider that the origin point 0 0 is found on the top left gt DrawNetwork class contains the algorithm that draws the network Beta version Although this window is already sufficient to have a complete simulator its enlargements are multiple as the improvement of the graphic quality of the represented net III BACKGROUND CHAPTER 3 MAIN FUNCTIONS 3 2 Help of Nodes l Node Properties of nodes Position X Position Y 0 Figure 31 Windows Nodes General explanation of the window In this window are defined the characteristics of the nodes t
62. rRV use rng startcbrRNG Topology Nodes and links set set set set set set set ns ns ns ns ns SourceVideo ns node EdgeS Video ns node SourceFTP ns node EdgeS FIP ns node Core ns node EdgeD Sns node Dest Sns node duplex link SSourceVideo SEdgeS Video 15Mb 0 0ims DropTail simplex link SEdgeS Video Core 15Mb 0 ims DropTail simplex link Core EdgeS Video 15Mb 0 ims DropTail duplex link SourceFIP SEdgeS FIP 15Mb 0 01ms DropTail simplex link SEdgeS FTP Core 15Mb 0 ims DropTail Figure 15 Source Code TCL III BACKGROUND CHAPTER 1 THEORETICAL CONTEXT 1 4 3 4 Out Nam Example e kes a 8 nam out nam ZS RN File Views Analysis 4 gt Der id DTE PU lol Figure 16 Out Nam 1 4 3 5 X Graph Example TO X Graph i thCcBRns 10 0000 9 0000 g 8 0000 e 7 0000 E i i i H 0 0000 2 0000 4 0000 6 0000 8 0000 10 0000 Figure 17 Xgraph Out III BACKGROUND CHAPTER 1 THEORETICAL CONTEXT 1 5 Study Bluetooth wireless sensor network technology In this section we study the Bluetooth technology its features models and operation 1 5 1 Introduction Bluetooth The Bluetooth technology was designed in 1994 for the Sven Mattisson and Jaap Haartsen two employees of Ericsson Telephone Co To select the name of this technology they based on the Harald II Viking king of Denmark nicknamed blue azure tooth Bluetooth due to a
63. re Event Table NodeTable TableException TableSearch Beta version gt As improvements could be proposed to define more characteristics of the nodes and to make easier to select the folder where to save the Excel tables III BACKGROUND CHAPTER 3 MAIN FUNCTIONS 3 3 Help of Characteristic js Caracteristic_ Routing Algorithms Version era zl Create connections Figure 32 Windows Characteristic General explanation of the window This window defines own characteristics of the net as the type of communication between nodes or the type of routing that they must have III BACKGROUND CHAPTER 3 MAIN FUNCTIONS Explanation of specific things gt In the most of the cases it is only possible to choose one option this is because the program is in beta version and is built in such a way that is easy to extend with other features that we have not considered Specially the choice of these properties is to know what data in the tables of energy costs should be taken Hence the choice of the properties is mainly limited by the number of data in tables that we have and that have been gathered empirically gt As in the case of any load data windows until you press the button does not become effective load selection gt A prominent feature is the type of Routing Algorithms This is how the program will connect the nodes in the network this question affects to the energy consumption and may have
64. re easy to program and that it is an all in one in which when is inserted the characteristics the program will serve the desired data The entire program in an universal and modular language the language Java The simulator will be more oriented to the Bluetooth network and its energy characteristics Totally open to give a chance to be enlarged with bigger tools that the developed thing in this project It thinks about it develops other simulator above all to correct the deficiencies and limitations of the UCBT library through NS2 The characteristics of the nodes are visible of in every moment of the simulation and it can exchange in real time of simulation thus a perfection of the results is taken at every instant II INTRODUCTION 4 Methodology and plain of work This is the workflow that it is able to develop any kind of algorithm or function The next step in this workflow could be the construction of the pseudo code which is broadly expressed in all sections of the code s Verification of the mode a Figure 2 Method of Simulation II INTRODUCTION Structure of the document The memory of the project has organized in the following six chapters The first chapter is a theoretically context by making an introduction to the net of sensors the programs for simulate it and the theory of Bluetooth In the second chapter it gets into to the general characteristics and the initial assumptions of the program
65. rsion The beta version part shows that this simulator is built with some features that are minims and sufficient for the functioning but that is enlargeable in boosting in this section is shown more direct those enlargements than could do it Figure 29 Button of Help 2 5 Premises of the simulator To create the simulator some premises were studied which facilitated us the creation of the simulator Can be considered limitations therefore those can be one of the things to improve in later versions The simulator considers that all nodes have infinite coverage all nodes can speak among themselves In the consumption of the nodes do not keep in mind the distances then all of them consummate the same energy although the nodes broadcast to a long distance All information must reach to the same place a computer that will be the one which promotes the information The node 0 is the computer or the node connected directly to the computer therefore has a different type In order to shape the net must keep in mind the peculiarity of this node This version just allows two types of events the emission of data and the Routing event That is because the routing process moment is important for the consumption For the routing is reserved the event 0 and it begins in the start instant If we do not want to consider the energy consumption before the routing simply we must put 0 in the star time OM The whole program works with value i
66. s 2 Most of the original code of Bluehoc has been re written and re designed In addition a significant amount of new code has been added In particular Blueware provides an easy to program interface to various scatter net formation and link scheduling schemes Along with the simulator the implementations of a scatter net formation algorithm TSF and a link scheduling algorithm LCS are also provided The Bluetooth simulator part of Blueware is licensed under the IBM Public License whereas the scatter net formation and link scheduling protocols such as TSF and LCS modules are licensed under the General Public License 7 III BACKGROUND CHAPTER 1 THEORETICAL CONTEXT 1 4 Study ofthe simulator currently used more NS2 Study of the NS2 simulator the simulator is mostly used at present for the simulation of networks Based on its characteristics we developed our simulator focusing on properties in our network 1 4 1 Introduction Probably NS2 is the network simulator open source most used in both research purposes and for teach so we chose to install and test the simulator for more information about the existing simulators Ns2 is event simulator where the advance of time depends on the timing of events which are maintained by a scheduler 1 4 2 Installation and Problems Ns2 is mainly developed for UNIX systems such as BSD Linux Solaris etcetera It could also run on win32 but supported by Cygwin First w
67. s function Nodo0WithoutBattery Lineal WritelOut PopQueue EnergyMicro UpdateQueue ViewOfNode EnergyConnect Table 2 Functions of Simulator Wireless Sensor Network These functions have a specific function explained above of the code They work as a tool for the global system But the Timer is directly responsible of the calculations and procedures this function is executed every millisecond Because the code is extensive the program is unable to fulfill its commitment of a millisecond and then the simulator has latency approximate of 1 10 milliseconds Taking into account the events the function loads the data to be transmitted transmits them changes the corresponding variables of the nodes calculates the expended energy by the nodes depending on their states and finally decreases the energy consumed III BACKGROUND CHAPTER 4 AUXILIARY FUNCTIONS IN DEPTH Outline of functioning diagram of flux Timer afresh the tails of the data because of the even check the status of the nodes and change i Refresh Graphical interface Figure 40 Timer 4 8 Main This function is used for the structure of the program Main is the one that starts with the beginning and its function is to initialize Wireless Sensor Network Simulator since this is really the main window III BACKGROUND CHAPTER 5 BETA VERSION AND FUTURE WORKS CHAPTER 5 BETA VERSION AND FUTURE WORKS Chapter
68. s management role switch and multi slot packet type negotiation SCO voice connection etc There is a provision to constitute a cluster of Bluetooth devices and such formation with up to 8 Bluetooth devices is known as a piconet It also allows a number of piconets to be connected together using bridge nodes and such a large network is usually referred to as a scatter net 8 L3 E BNEP i i BT device L1 Figure 8 Bluetooth Stack UCBT III BACKGROUND CHAPTER 1 THEORETICAL CONTEXT 1 3 5 2 Ns2 extension BlueHoc BlueHoc is an open source Bluetooth technology simulator It simulates the baseband and link layers of the Bluetooth specifications It is capable of simulating an ad hoc environment with several Bluetooth devices operating in an indoor wireless canal It uses the TCP IP simulations of ns to enable performance evaluation of TCP IP based applications over Bluetooth It also provides an insight into the performance of device discovery and paging protocols specified in the Bluetooth baseband specifications It provides a platform for evaluating proposals for improving performance of Bluetooth based systems 9 1 3 5 3 Ns2 extension BlueWare The Blueware software module contains implementations of a Bluetooth simulator which closely follows the Bluetooth Specifications 1 1 and the scatter net formation and link scheduling schemes The simulator implementation is based on the BlueHoc extension to n
69. sence of to replace the batteries when they are exhausted or are regarded as useless to the sensor In any case one of the areas of active investigation in nets of sensors are the development of algorithms of efficient routing in energy terms to increase the time of autonomy of the net A prevision of the duration of the net of sensors is needed and it visualizes the possible improvements through the different methods of routing For which it is necessary a simulator of this type of nets In our specific case a simulator with nodes that communicate with Bluetooth technology II INTRODUCTION 2 Specific objectives of the project Description of the objectives originally proposed for considering that the program achieves its purposes 2 1 Objective From of the study of the wireless nets Bluetooth the objective is to create a specific simulator to obtain the efficiency of the available energy 2 2 Specification The project will be divided in 4 stages l 3 Study of the Bluetooth technology in short the Bluetooth 2 0 specification EDR Enhanced Data Rate By focusing the study in the characteristics of communication and in the consumption of energy Study of the different technologies of existent simulation for the nets of Bluetooth sensors NS2 with the extension of Bluetooth UCBT BlueWare and BlueHoc From the Bluetooth 2 0 EDR specification and the empiric results creation of a new simulator oriented wirel
70. sessiscistreaenisiains 27 1 2 3 Uses E EE 27 1 3 Existing Simulators e 28 LA OMN iecere aoristia eee eee e e aeii aa 28 1 3 2 Realistic and Large Network Simulator Real 28 1 3 4 Wireless IP Simulator WIDSIM enne 29 1 3 5 NS2 with the extension of Bluetooth 29 13 5 NSZ extensiot UC BT ote tq ad tala vede fa ettet aie 30 1 352 NSZ extensibti B ET 3l Le NSZ extensiom B TUE Wale taa 3l 1 4 Study of the simulator currently used more NS 32 E a E E a E R 32 1 4 2 Installation and Problems 1 32 E II CCVEWVIIS 5a heise tete ulta dies 33 1422 Virtual ET 35 1 12 A e bdocduiqitu nodal aie a pM Ire iecie ated 36 1 4 3 Basic Procedure of WORK s ee das 36 ADAL POSEDIOCOSSIDD EE 37 1253 5 View TE 37 1 4 3 3 Source Code TCL Exaile sao oi SH bea putet enee e 37 EA utN din EX amples saut ea OMA cM hd Haare Sto CU iae Bids 38 LAIA Graph TI 38 1 5 Study Bluetooth wireless sensor network technology 39 1 5 1 Introduction Blerootkz reese a dequensaeaeees 39 1 5 3 Basic TUnC ODD eege sese DE dq auda 40 1 5 4 Architecture of Bluetootli Aa Pesba e Res 42 1 544 1 Specter e Ee 42 1 52452 Ouitline of multiple access dee eor Re bles ee 42 1 5 4 3 Communication based on packet transmission eese 42 Lt Ph sical connections seisoo rri a AA 44 1 5 4 5 Establishment of the Ge eege SAS 44 1 5 4 6 Administration of the energy ui ii a 44 1 34 20 S mibi ides doit A eee eluate orc
71. ted to include more variables simply should be checked the available variables In future versions could be improved graphic staffs selecting the color for each variable or that could be seen the real value of a cycle with a single click III BACKGROUND CHAPTER 3 MAIN FUNCTIONS 3 5 Help of Table L sy oe Current Values of Node Table Node Geer Position Y Energy State Near Queue Count 0 110 300 E 1 eae 1 1 1 x 418 350 i 1 3 32410 410 1 1 Ss a a 32410 1 ec 32410 o A 234 150 n8 444 499 3 34132419 E 3 Figure 35 Table Window General explanation of the window A window where you can see all the current features of the nodes and events the defined characteristics by the user and the assigned characteristics by the simulation The window can be accessed only if the nodes are defined and events III BACKGROUND CHAPTER 3 MAIN FUNCTIONS Explanation of specific things gt The properties of the nodes are Node number Position X Position Y Energy Type State Near Path Queue and Count Type decides what role has Master 0 Slave 1 MasterSlave 2 and SlaveSlave 3 State determines how the node is working Idle 0 Connect 1 mode saves Sniff 2 Sending 3 and Receiving 4 Near are the nodes with those who shares piconet Path is the node that issues the information you want to send to node 0 Queue and Count decide the tail of the packages to send and the energ
72. ted to material of laboratory software and time used for the development of the project 1 1 Costs for material electronics Below are the costs associated with each prototype made separately Costs for laboratory equipment Equipment Price Amortization Use Total Portable computer Dell 1 8GHz 1050 4 years 5 months 110 Subtotal 110 Table 3 Material Costs by Laboratory Costs for software equipment Software Price Amortization Total Microsoft Windows XP Professional 1000 2096 200 Microsoft Office XP Subtotal 200 Table 4 Material Costs by Software VI BUDGET 1 2 Cost for employee time The Gantt diagram of the developed project graphic tool whose objective is to show the time of dedication for the different tasks or activities along a total certain time It is composed of a vertical axis in which the thesis is constituted and a horizontal axis that shows in a calendar the duration of every one of them dl in Duraci n Tog feb 09 23feb 09 09 mar09 23mar 9 06abr S 20abro9 04mayU9 18 may 0 AAA ee 4 sIxIo s tIvIu sIxTIo s t vIuIsIxIo s t v wu s Tx o 2 t v Study of the Network Simulator 2 12 dias 2 Theory about Bluetooth specification 2 0 EDR 14 dias 3 Design of Simulator 10 d as 4 Programming code 45 d as comino code 5 Class Simulator Network 11 dias 8 Table Excel 3 d as 7
73. the right of the same thing JRE 6 Update 12 RES This release provides a new Java Plug in that combines features of applet and Java Web Start technologies a new Direct3D pipeline for Microsoft Docs platforms an updated documentation bundle Learn more JDK 6 Update 12 ITE This JDK includes the JRE and command line development tools that are useful for developing applets and applications Learn more Docs www aprendeinformaticaconmigo com JDK 6 Update 11 with Java EE This distribution of the JDK is included in the Java EE 5 SDK which contains the GlassFish application server and provides web services component model management and communications APIs that make it the industry standard for implementing enterprise class service oriented architecture SOA and Web 2 0 applications Learn more JDK 6 Update 12 with NetBeans 6 5 Download This distribution of the JDK includes the NetBeans IDE CT which is a powerful integrated development environment for developing applications on the Java platform Learn more Y Figure 48 Java File JDK 6 Update 12 VII USER MANUAL Now the platform is selected which is about to install In this case will be Windows Java SE Development Kit 6u12 Provide Information then Continue to Download Please note that the 64 bit JRE only works with the 64 bit browser plug in while the 32 bit JRE only works with 32 bit browser plug in If you use both 32 bit and 64 bit
74. tion from the PC to the mobile telephone between other The below price that is to wait reach these products do that its inclusion in any device supposes a reasonable cost for the manufacturer and the user Some esteem speaks of a superior number 1000 millions of Bluetooth units for the year 2005 III BACKGROUND CHAPTER 1 THEORETICAL CONTEXT 1 5 3 Basic functioning Each Bluetooth has a microchip transceiver that transmits and receives in the frequency of 2 4 GHz Besides of the canals of dates are available three canals of voice to 64 Kbit s Each device has a unique direction of 48 bits based on the standard IEEE 802 11 for LAN wireless The connections are one by one with a maximum rank of 10 meters although by using amplifiers it can arrive until the 100 meters it introduces distortion Bluetooth has been designed to operate in an environment multi user Figure 18 2 Prototype Sensor Node III BACKGROUND CHAPTER TL THEORETICAL CONTEXT The devices can be qualified to communicate among themselves and interchange dates of a transparent form to the user Although each link is codified and protected against interferences and loss of link Bluetooth cannot be considered as a secure wireless net but some techniques to level of application can be used to increase it The topology that is used in a net can be or point to point or multipoint Once connected all devices have similar opportunity of access but there is one that is
75. to select in how much time do update the exits so if is selected for example several second the simulator will calculate the consumptions and will change the opportune variables in that second and will represented it long simulations III MEMORY CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSIONS CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSIONS Since the proposal to create a simulator of nets was launched insisting on the energy consumption was known that it is a work that needs a lot of study and work along a lot of time and that the improvements are also necessary along the years This present project tries to be the first link of many in the construction of a program capable of be truthful and sincere with the net that simulates At the same time easy to use and manageable with a pleasant graphical environment It took a lot of effort in that the program in order to be easily understandable and enlargeable with an extensive data of its operation and implementation with the desire that other program directors work from it It hopes to be able to help these program directors in order to make the adaptation of the program easier In conclusion the program has gotten all its objectives Having a pleasant approximation of the nets that simulates and their consumptions seeing rapidly all its applications in prevention and optimization of consumption 6 1 Discussion part This project was very interesting Working on it were learnt many theoretical concepts on sensor networks and Blu
76. y quantities to remove for millisecond gt The properties that you can see of the event table are Event Type Start Node Sender Package Size N of packages Enable and N of packages Present Enable decides if the event is active in the current instant and N of packages Present the packages they remain to be send Beta version From this table it could be shown more tables with other properties of the net III BACKGROUND CHAPTER 3 MAIN FUNCTIONS 3 6 Help of Characteristic Node E rias AS UA Se Current Values of Node Table 2 Graphic Type Graphic State Battery Node Position X Position Y Energy Type State 0 0 110 300 EI 1 1 620 418 350 H 1 2 310 560 200 H 4 3 400 234 150 1 4 566 444 400 1 Figure 36 Window Characteristic Nodes General explanation of the window In this window we can see all properties of the nodes as in the window Table but with more visual information for the graphic environment Explanation of specific things gt The colors that define the type and the state of the node are the same as in the visualization of the network Type Master red Slave cyan MasterSlave pink SlaveSlave blue and central node white State Idle gray Connect red Sniff gray Emitting green Receiving orange and Without battery black III BACKGROUND CHAPTER 3 MAIN FUNCTIONS gt To view the status of energy stores the node is made through ye

simulator oriented control of power in bluetooth wireless sensor

Contents

Download Pdf Manuals

Related Search

Related Contents