Home

Parameter input - Cervenka Consulting

1. Axis label Loads Unit MN v Name Coefficient In this box it is possible to select if the graph will show also iterative changes or only the final converged results at the end of the steps E Apply aa Cancel Figure 103 The window for editing graph parameters with the description of some of its important features The selected diagram can be printed in the same manner as it was described on page 82 The numerical values of the monitored quantities can be obtained from the text output that is described in Section 5 4 ATENA Engineering 3D Tutorial 83 5 4 Text Output This section describes another form of output from the program ATENA 3D The text output can be used to obtain numerical data at finite element nodes elements integration points or monitoring points The text output is selected from the menu item Files Print text This selection opens the window that is shown in Figure 104 The window is composed of two main sub windows The left hand window contains a tree structure of the available data types and load steps The requested data should be checked n this tree and then by selecting those data an alpha numerical output will be automatically created in the right hand window The contents of this window can be printed saved to a file or copied to another program using the system clipboard C users Z p manualy ShearBeam3Dqqq cc3 Atena 3D documents Document Edi
2. 1 200E 01 Section ee 9 000E 00 7 500E 00 undefined F 6 000E 00 View wy 4 500E 00 Activity 3 000E 00 1 500E 00 1 004E 01 Concrete beam Structure Abs min Abs max ja 3D Layer outline x ne EL Results 3D LayerO Cracks Evolution 1D Scalars Vectors Tensors Scalars in nodes Principal Stress pa Min od Automatic scale Figure 101 Display of minimal principal stresses on the activity Concrete beam ATENA Engineering 3D Tutorial 81 After the activity definition it is possible to return to the post processor by selecting the button Preprocessor The Figure 101 shows the program display if the previously defined activity Concrete beam is selected as well as the display of minimal principal stresses It can be clearly seen that the new display is much more representative and gives a better understanding about stress distribution in the structure The active post processing window can be printed from the menu item File Print graphic or copied to the clipboard from Edit Copy The copied picture can be for instance pasted to a Microsoft Word document It is possible to modify some parameters controlling the display on the screen or on paper with the help of the dialog Options Display and Options Settings 5 3 Load displacement Diagrams The important information about the structural behavior can be obtained from the data colle
3. Figure 30 The table of join s coordinates which can be used in the case the grid is not displayed correctly 24 3 4 3 Lines Definition The next step is to connect these joints via lines The line input is activated by the item in the Input data tree Entities Lines Add in the Input data tree on left side of the program window Each boundary line is defined by first selecting the beginning joint and then the end joint It does not matter in which order are the joints selected however for subsequent definition of surfaces it 1s important that the created lines form a closed surface The process of line definition is shown in Figure 31 and the Figure 32 depicts the program display after all boundary lines are created Altogether 5 lines need to be created to form a closed surface Naturally the next step is to create the surface that will represent the cross section of the loading plate New macroelements Topology Properties Ra UL offset 0 0000 A Z Joints Line Individual Add Acquire Edit f Remove 8 8 Selected Remove Safes First select the beginning joint and then select the end joint O Simple objects O Extrusion O Arcs amp circles v Macroelement joints v Macroelement lines v Macroelement surfaces Global joints v Global lines Global surfaces eloa i iz ocal coord 5 oein m ajal Joints Local CS E add Select s
4. Actual Load case LC 2 Prescribed defo gt Activity all active Input data tree Add analysis steps Properties O Analysis information O Materials Load cases 1 2 O activity Construction case a Construction case 1 7 Sol params My N R parameters BAJ El O Construction cases Analysis step mult 1 000 Macroelements Contacts H Reinforcement bars External cables Number of added load steps 40 E Add End Joint springs Line springs Surface springs O Load cases 3 In this dialog the step parameters are specified Lines Surfaces OOO BH amp z EJ O Solution parameters o sie 1 Select the item Run 2 Click the Add button to Analysis steps start load step definition lt gt View Joints Line Surfaces Contacts Reinforcement External cables v Springs in Coefficient Load cases Construction Lase Analysis steps oading v Refinement v Figure 75 Load steps are specified using the button Add from the table of Analysis steps This table appears in the table window after highlighting the Run Analysis steps item in the Input data tree 60 Parameter input Load cases Number of added load steps Load cases Construction Parameters case 1 Construction case 1 My N R parameters ees ET F Insert 1 Construct
5. vectors Tensors Scalars in nodes X Stress 7 Sigma xx v Figure 97 Iso areas of xx component of stresses ATENA Engineering 3D Tutorial 79 The Figure 96 and Figure 97 show that there exist a large stress concentration at the loading and support steel plates It is understandable but this affects the color scale that is automatically selected such that it covers the whole stress range 1n the current figure Very often this 1s not desirable since it would be more interesting to learn about the stress distribution in the beam With this scale setting it is not possible since almost the whole beam 1s covered by a single color There are two ways how to resolve this problem and obtain a better color distribution One method 1s to deactivate the automatic color scale and define a new color scale see Figure 98 that can be for instance saved for future use Cracks Evolution 10 Scalars vectors Tensors 1 This button overrides the automatic color scale Scalars 2 When automatic scale s deactivated this button opens a dialog for manual definition of a user scale 3 These buttons and boxes can be used to save the Automatic seas gt created color scale for future use Figure 98 The boxes at the bottom ofthe Result toolbar can be used to create a user defined color scale Another method for changing the color scale is to activate the display of only certain parts of the structure Then the a
6. zaead BSaA9 as 8s Ale t ti BE Sm V Actual Load case U EEEE 1 The load case 2 4 Select the joint ae should be selected for load application nput data tree a O Materials a here O Activity El O Construction cas Macroelements 2 H Contacts Reinforcement b External cables Joint springs Line springs Surface springs Support in Xa ES O Load cases Joints Prototype of prescribed deformation joints x Prescribed deformation Support in Yg free oin R Individual Support in Zg fixed Ral 1 000E 04 m Coordinate system Global z ok X Cancel 3 Specify condition To 2 Select the item attributes support in z A ar Loading Joints Add W 0 0001 and click Surf be ar OK button View Joints l Macroel Support and prescribed def in direction Coordinate system ress BE pint Y m Z m support Wadd a Er v Reinforcement 2 el v a cables 3 Ramove gt ed v k Number 0 1 Figure 70 The definition of the prescribed displacement at the top steel plate in load case 2 Parameter input Support in Za fixed Wza 0 0001 m 3 8 Loading History and Solution Parameters This section describes the definition of loading history for the analysis of Leonhard s shear beam The loading history consists of load steps Each load step is defined as a combination of load cases which had
7. Be 3 3 Selected E Remove support in x and cont 4 click OK button see _ Joints El Macro GC Reinfi Figure 66 Au 8 Support and prescribed def in direction Line _ inforcement bars Surfaces amber 7 SUTSCE m Z m W Contacts M Reinforcement External cables Springs Loading Refinement WIFE mesh M Monitoring points Prescribed deformat Figure 65 The definition of the horizontal support at the right side of the beam Support SUPPOFE in Ag Support in Yg free hd Support in Za free Coordinate system Global OK Cancel Figure 66 The definition of the symmetric boundary condition 52 3 Select this surface to apply the boundary Coordinate system support Number 0 0 D si amp amp Be Actual T Load case LC 2 Prescribed deformafii 1 Select Loading Lines Add A et ts Ds et ER TE 2 In this dialog the Activity item in the In ree cE te the Input data tree attributes for the required Input data tree 2 boundary condition are to A A q Prototype of prescribed deformation lines be specified support n y O Load cas s Prescribed deformation and Z directions Then i en click OK see Figure 68 R Individual Support in Yq fixed v ww Support in Zg fixed Wzg 0 000E 00 m Remove Coordinate system
8. General Line Search Conditional break criteria Solution method With iterations Unbalanced energy limit 0 800 Limit of line search iterations 2 Line search limit min 0 010 Line search limit max 1 000 Number 3 E Add Quit Figure 72 The second property sheet for the new set of solution parameters for Leonhardt s beam analysis Parameter input Break after step a Displacement error Displacement error multiple 10000 0 10 0 4 mu Itiple 1 0 Residual error multiple 100 10 0 H Residual error Abs residual error multiple 10000 0 10 0 4 mu ti ol e 1 0 Energy error multiple 1000000 0 1000 0 4 General Line Search Conditional break criteria Abs residual error multiple 10 Energy error multiple 1000 ol OK cance Figure 73 The third property sheet Conditional break criteria can be set to stop the computation if an error exceeds the prescribed tolerance multiplied by the prescribed factor during the iterations or at the end of an analysis step 58 After the required solution properties are prescribed the Add button will include the new solution properties into the list of all solution properties of this problem as is shown in Figure 74 Solution parameters name 1 Standard Newton Raphson 2 Standard Arc Length b3 MY N R parameters Figure 74 The table with the newly created solution par
9. Tutorial 23 3 4 2 Joints Definition Now it s time to define the support plate cross section by creating joints and by directly clicking into the appropriate grid locations The joint definition starts in the Input data tree Entities Joints Add As you can see in Figure 30 it is necessary to create 5 joints The middle joint will be used for application of load New macroelements Topology Properties Ra le 11 offset 0 0000 Z 2 Joints The middle point will be used Le Individual r later for load application Edit Remove 8 8 Selected Remove Line Surfaces Openings O Simple objects O Extrusion O Arcs amp circles v Macroelement joints v Macroelement lines v Macroelement surfaces Global joints v Global lines Global surfaces Local CS I es Local coord s of joints A joint is created at the cross location i Azimuth zenith Add by clicking the right mouse button Local coord s of lines Local coord s of surfaces Local coord s of macroeleme i Edit Coordinate X J J J 1650 0000 Remove S Coordinate Y a N N N 5 Number 0 5 Coordinate 2 Local coordinate system Azimuth 0 00 Zenith 0 00 EE Calculate Macroelement type standard M Table joints Information Coordinate Number joints Table 5 02150 00000 0 3200
10. 20 22 23 24 25 27 29 31 32 34 38 42 42 46 49 56 62 67 67 67 9 9 1 9 2 9 3 5 4 5 5 6 7 8 POST PROCESSING Introduction Post processing Window Load displacement Diagrams Text Output Analysis Log Files CONCLUSIONS PROGRAM DISTRIBUTORS AND DEVELOPERS LITERATURE 73 73 73 82 84 85 87 89 90 1 INTRODUCTION This tutorial provides a basic introduction to the usage of the program ATENA 3D and it is specifically targeted for ATENA 3D beginners This tutorial contains a step by step explanation how to perform a non linear analysis on an example problem of a reinforced beam without smeared reinforcement The geometrical and material properties correspond to the experimental setup by Leonhard in 1962 More details about the problem or experiment can be also obtained from the original report 5 or from the program developer or distributor The step by step demonstration is performed on an example of simply supported beam which is loaded by two loads as it 1s shown n Figure 1 The problem is symmetric around its vertical axis therefore only one symmetric half of the beam will be analyzed The steps necessary for the data preparation non linear analysis and post processing are depicted on subsequent figures which show the computer screen for each step and user action There is always also a short description for each figure In the post processing stage
11. 3200 y Number 0 10 Local coordinate system Azimuth 0 00 Zenith 0 00 TA Calculate Macroelement type standard 2 Figure 69 Addition of a new joint to the macro element 2 vI OK Cancel Number Parameter input Coordinate X 0 165 m Y 0 095 m Z 0 350 m Recommended Method ALTERNATIVE METHOD Sometimes in the case of too coarse grid the program cannot automatically recognize that the Joint lies on the line The Joint has to be part of the all contour lines of the macroelement Therefore it is necessary to add joint in a different way It is done by removing the line surfaces will be automatically removed with the line lying on the top loading plate and then add the new joint lines and surfaces again This is accomplished by selection the item Topology Macroelements Edit in the Input data tree Then the macro element 2 should be selected and press button Edit This brings up the window for macro element editing that is shown in Figure 69 In this window the line is removed by selection the item Entities Line Remove in the input data tree and then by selected line Neighboring surfaces will be removed automatically with the removed line ATENA Engineering 3D Tutorial 55 At this point it is possible to proceed with the definition of the prescribed deformation in the load case 2 This process is schematically depicted in Figure 70 m ax Do be amp B amp
12. Global 0m 8 8 Selected Nile 7 OK X Cancel a JE a gi v ne JOURE U Joints 1 Support and prescribed def in direction Coordinate system ee s Number i x m Y m Z m support Bad sli 3 6 free fixed 0 0006 00 fixed 0 000E 00 Global Ei v Reinforcement 2 v External cables 5 v Springs 3 Remove Loading A Y Refinement B FE mesh u v Monitoring points a Number 0 1 Figure 67 The definition of vertical support along the bottom steel plate If necessary the button can be used to rotate the structure Prototype of a support lines x Support SUPPOFE in a Support in Yg Fixed k fixed Coordinate system Global OK Cancel Figure 68 The definition of the vertical support condition support in a It should be noted that the support steel plate is fixed also in the y direction in order to prevent any rig1d body displacements Next the second load case should be activated in a similar manner to the first one as 1t was shown in Figure 64 Now it would be advantageous to apply the prescribed displacement to ATENA Engineering 3D Tutorial 53 a s ngle node rather than to a l ne as t was done in the case of the bottom support plate see Figure 67 If the prescribed displacement s applied to a single node it is possible to monitor the reaction forces at this node They will be directly equivalent to the half of the loading forces necessary
13. Remove Loading VI Refinement FE mesh 5 Monitoring points s Number 0 1 Figure 25 The program display after the definition of the first macro element ATENA Engineering 3D Tutorial 21 3 4 Steel Plates The next steps will be to define macro elements for modeling the loading and supporting steel plates In nonlinear analysis it s often necessary to avoid any unrealistic stress concentration as this may cause premature failure or cracking in these locations If the support conditions or loads are applied at single nodes this may create strong stress concentrations affecting the analysis results It should be considered that in most cases such a stress concentration very seldom exists in reality as the supports or loads are usually applied over a certain area and never at single points This 1s also the case in our example which corresponds to an experimental setup where loading and supports were realized using small steel plates A different modeling approach will be used to define the support plates to demonstrate the other modeling methods in ATENA 3D First a plate cross section will be created which will be later extruded to create a three dimensional model To start the definition of new macro elements again select the button Topology Macroelements Add in the Input data tree on left side of the program window This action opens the macro element definition window see Figure 26 in which the previously def
14. Z axis wy TE View n the View 1n the View 1n the View 1n the direction of direction of direction of direction of the X axis the X axis the Y axis the Y axis Viewing parameters toolbar Bm View the View the Set the grid model full model direction of illumination 3 1 2 Definition of the Geometrical Model After examination of the user interface layout it s possible to start with the definition of the geometrical model of the analyzed structure It is a good practice to provide a short description of the problem to be analyzed In ATENA 3D this can be done by selecting the General data Analysis information item in the Input data tree Atena 3D Pre processor no name aaa Fie Edit Input Data Show Settings Help EA Run Postprocesor Dee Ske A o BABEJ BE A BI V Le Li ee eo RE Actual Load case none Activity all active Input data tree o Analysis information O Materials O Activity Select this item to define global problem O Construction cases Macroelements Contacts Reinforcement bars External cables Joint springs Line springs Surface springs m y attributes Load cases O Solution parameters O Analysis steps O Monitoring points View oe Joints V Line Global structural parameters Paw ne
15. been defined previously Each load step contains also a definition of solution parameters which define solution methods that are to be used during the load steps ATENA 3D contains a standard set of solution parameters The standard solution parameters can be examined in the table of Solution parameters This table appears in the table window after highlighting the Run Solution Parameters item in the Input data tree 56 The new set of solution parameters can be defined by selecting the button Add on the right s de of this table In this example a new set of solution parameters called My N R parameters will be created as depicted in Figure 71 Figure 72 Figure 74 and Figure 75 New solution parameters General Line Search Conditional break criteria Title My M F parameters Solution method Newton Raphson Line search Optimize node numbers Sloan Update stiffness Each iteration hi Stiffness type Tangent z Iteration limit For one analysis step 40 Displacement error tolerance 0 010000 Residual error tolerance 0 010000 Absolute residual error tolerance 0 010000 Energy error tolerance 000100 Add Quit Figure 71 The first property sheet for the new set of solution parameters for Leonhardt s beam analysis Parameter input Title My N R parameters Solution Method Newton Raphson ATENA Engineering 3D Tutorial 57 New solution parameters
16. concrete would not be perfect as well 40 At this point it is possible to generate the finite element mesh by selection the button Generate This button is visible from the main mesh generation window that is accessible by selecting the FE Mesh Generation in the Input data tree Note on ATENA Demo version limitations If you are working on this tutorial example using ATENA Engineering 3D Demo license only please take the following steps not to exceed the limited number of finite elements 1 set the global mesh size to 0 2m instead of 0 05m 2 add absolute mesh refinement to 0 05m on all 4 vertical edges and the 4 long edges 1 e all edges of the concrete macroelement except those in Y direction beam width 3 generate the mesh Atena 3D Pre processor D Users Jc Work Tutorial Data Shear beam 3D v5 cc3 File Edit Input Data Show Settings Help man amp Postprocesor Dee SY z aeQd BE BB Hay Ze LHRH EE B m Actual er Load case LC 2 Prescribed defor v s act Activate the main mesh all active A matar _ 4 generation window below by nn selection the item FE Mesh O Construction casi 2 Swacrosemens 1 Generation Reinforcement b T s lees External cables Ba _ om Joint springs z o e on F en TI f Line springs te
17. crit 4 I Number Name Magnitude Unit l Message Output Error Parameters Progress C1 Conveerit1 u AE OR C2 Conv crit 2 C3 Conv crit 3 C4 Cony crit 4 View Various messages about the analysis progress are shown here Monitoring points Protocols Figure 81 The interactive window for monitoring the progress of non linear analysis The graph window on left part of the screen shows the development of monitoring point values By default this window shows the evolution of convergence criteria of the non linear solution algorithm In most cases 1t 1s desirable to modify this window such that it can also show the graphical evolution of a load displacement diagram Such a diagram usually plots deflection on the horizontal axis and loads on the vertical axis In the pre processing stage two additional monitors had been defined one for monitoring deflections and the other one for monitoring reactions It is useful to modify the graph on the left side of the run time window such that it shows the development of these monitoring points during the analysis 68 The contents of the graph w ndow can be modified by pressing the button above the graph window This action opens a dialog window that is shown in Figure 82 Here it 1s possible to select the monitoring data that are to be displayed on the horizontal and vertical axis The deflection monitor should be sel
18. m Edit v Reinforcement g Load Value at node Reactions Component 3 Macroelement 2 point 0 1650 0 0950 0 3500 m v External cables m a v Springs 5 Remove Loading O 2 Number 0 2 lt Refinement Figure 80 The program display after the definition of monitoring points ATENA Engineering 3D Tutorial 65 66 4 FE NON LINEAR ANALYSIS 4 1 Introduction This section describes the process of running a non linear finite element analysis of the Leonhardt beam using the data that have been prepared in the previous sections of this tutorial Before finite element analysis it may be useful to save the data This is done by selecting the menu item File Save at top part of the main program window The finite element analysis 1s started using the button in the top right part After clicking this button the program will start to generate the input files for each step of the non linear analysis This process 1s indicated by a progress bar showing the status of this operation These input files are stored only the program memory and will not appear in the current working directory 4 2 Interactive Window After the button is selected and all input files for all steps are created the program enters the interactive mode for monitoring the analysis progress The content of this window is shown in Figure 81 The analysis can be started now by pressing the Calculate button in the top right part of this window On
19. only some basic post processing methods are described ATENA offers many options for viewing results from FE non linear analysis These options can be easily accessed from the post processing window by self explanatory buttons and toolbars For more details it 1s recommended to consult the ATENA 3D user s manual or the hotline desk at the program distributor or developer P steel plate 30 100 ie THICKNESS 190 mm A z 1060 mm 320 KWK eU __ At steel plates 30 100 Figure 1 Geometry of the structure ATENA Engineering 3D Tutorial 1 2 STARTING PROGRAM The s mulation system ATENA 3D can be started by executing the program ATENA3D 1 EN EXE from the directory where the ATENA system 1s installed It is however more convenient to started the program from Start Programs menu on your computer desktop ATENA Engineering 3D Tutorial 3 3 PRE PROCESSING 3 1 Introduction This chapter explains the basic steps which are to be performed in order to define a complete geometrical and then a finite element model for non linear FE analysis by ATENA 3D The purpose of the geometrical model is to describe the geometry of the structure its material properties and boundary conditions The analytical model for the finite element analysis will be created during the pre processing with the help of the fully automated mesh generator The geometrical model is composed of three dimensional solid regions called macro eleme
20. predefined cut There are many possible displays of results in ATENA the user is encouraged to explore the available menus in ATENA post processor or to consult the ATENA User s Manual for more details The subsequent figures summarize some of the possible methods for displaying the results from ATENA analysis ATENA Engineering 3D Tutorial 77 Atena 3D Postprocesor D Users Jc Work Tutorial Data Shear beam 3D v6 cc3 Files Edit Data Graphs Options Windows Help Pre processor m Run OSH SY AL OBA V LO Ye L AREY EE e o 4 Dae View Settings manager Step Step40 Section undefined View Activity lt all gt Structure 1 Je Basic m 1D LayerO v ja SD LayerO v surface mesh z s EG Results ol 1D LayerO m 3D Layer S Scalars Vectors Tensors Cracks Evolution 10 Cracks elements v lt 3 000E 04 ZI Mut vor HS Figure 94 The display of un deformed mesh outline and element cracks in the interior of the structure The crack filter of 0 3 mm is used Atena 3D Postprocesor D Users Jc Work Tutorial Data Shear beam 3D v6 cc3 Files Edit Data Graphs Options Windows Help u Pre processor run OSH SY QAAQHAGHA ag Laer et amp Ue lt ron gt alle View Settings manager tep IStepao 3 Section undefined I l A IE A ba m 3D LayerO v
21. surface mesh rA 7 A 4 14 PE un a res m 3D Layer a Cracks Evolution 1D Scalars Vectors Tensors Vectors b isplacements ba Mult 2 06 01 H Figure 95 Un deformed mesh outline with displacement vectors at finite element nodes 78 Atena 3D Postprocesor D Users Jc Work Tutorial Data Shear beam 3D v6 cc3 Files Edit Data Graphs Options Windows Help pre processor W Run OSH SS QQQ HGH Hay o LH ewe Ze View1 Settings manager Step Step40 E Section undefined View Activity lt all gt Structure Basic ja 1D LayerO ja 3D LayerO outline a s EL Results 1D LayerO m 3D LayerO Cracks Evolution 1D Scalars Vectors Tensors Tensors show x in integ points b Principal Stress Files Edit Data Graphs Options Windows Help pre processor amp Run DSH SS QQQNSGEHQ V Hay Ce LARUE a View 1 Settings manager 7 684E 01 Step 7 000E 01 6 300E 01 Step40 v 5 600E 01 4 900E 01 Section 4 200E 01 3 500E 01 undefined 2 800E 01 2 100E 01 1 400E 01 Activity lt N 7 000E 00 0 000E 00 lt all gt SS 1 109E 00 View Structure Abs min Abs max 21 zel Basic 1D LayerO ja SD LayerO outline ie u EL Results 1D Layer E 3D LayerO Cracks Evolution 1D Scalars
22. was reached or not Monitoring points can be defined by highlighting the Run Monitoring points item in the Input data tree This action again changes the content of the bottom window that now shows the list of currently defined monitoring points This list is currently empty and monitoring points can be added by selecting the Add button on the right side of this table For this example the first monitoring should be located at the middle of the beam near its bottom surface where the largest vertical displacements can be expected The deflections will be monitored at this location The beam deflection corresponds to displacement in the z direction i e the third displacement component The monitor definition is shown in Figure 77 and the detailed description of the selected parameters is depicted in the subsequent Figure 78 During the analysis the program will find the closest location to the prescribed monitoring coordinates where the specified data are available and the results from this location will be monitored throughout the analysis p Im aa Do fd amp amp B o Flaaa EBA 80 s LH nt ee Actual Load case LC 2 Prescribed defor v Activity all active 1 Select Run Monitoring points Input data tree O Analysis information O Materials O Activity E O Construction cases 3 Define parameters for this monitor according to this dialog see Figure 78 Macro
23. 1 Number 2 0 000 1 225 0 050 0 050 0 050 New reinforcement bars Topology Properties Zeh HRM EE Y Input data tree R 98 Selected Remove Segments O Polyline O Arcs amp circles View Reinforcemen t joints Reinforcement lines Glo i Global macroelements outlin bal macroelements filled Y v Y v Number 0 2 Table joints 0 9650 0 0000 0 1900 Add Figure 52 The program view after the definition of the two reinforcement joints ATENA Engineering 3D Tutorial 43 After the two joints are defined it 1s possible to proceed and connect these points using the item Entities Segments Add in the Input data tree on the left Then the first point and the second bar point should be selected as shown Figure 53 After the definition of the bar geometry the next step is define the other bar properties such as material and cross sectional area This information is accessible from the Properties tab as described in Figure 54 The Properties window is shown in Figure 55 New reinforcement bars Topology Properties ed offset 0 0000 Z Ze LEI BB Oe 9 Input data tree Joints J Segments Individual Add Edit 2 Remove 8 8 Selected f Remove O Polyline O Arcs amp circles v Reinforcement joints v Reinforcement lines v Global reinforcement v Global macroelements out
24. 2 1 65E 02 1 10E 02 5 50E 03 0 00E 00 Redraw graph F A SS a un I Apply wI Ok 0 00E 00 1 50E 03 3 00E 03 4 206 03 Redraw after load step h Displacements m Cancel C Load z l i Figure 86 The graph display when monitoring after steps is selected After the analysis is completed it is possible to return to the pre processor for making any necessary changes such as for instance adding more load steps or proceed to the post processing stage of the analysis by clicking the post processing button in the top right corner NOTE In order to eliminate a loss of data in case of computer crash it is useful to automatically safe data by each step It can be done by selecting the checkbox Save all data after completing each step This checkbox is located in the top right corner below the Calculate button 72 5 POST PROCESSING 5 1 Introduction After the finite element analysis is completed or terminated it 1s possible to click the post processing button Post processor The selection of this button is meaningful only after the analysis has been performed otherwise there would be no results to visualize 5 2 Post processing Window The layout of the post processing window is shown in Figure 87 The menu and the toolbar along the top part of the window can be used for typical operations such as saving or opening data files or various rotation or shift operations The user is encouraged to consult the ATE
25. 3 i DER s 7 Surface springs ao Os a Zj 4 O Load cases i Joints a 1 Zeon I I Generation A Joints U Line Ni H Surfaces 1 Teo 4 O oun prane Start automatic mesh generation by O Analysis steps O Monitoring pont clicking the Generate button View Joints A v Line I Global element size v v Contacts v Reinforcement 0 0500 m Edit Number of 3D elements 714 Generate State Generator Elements Macroelement list gt 1 JO so Generated T3D linear 1 600 Erz O no Generated T3D linear v l2 56 Generated linear External cables v Springs v Loading Refinement FE mesh generation lt Figure 49 FE mesh generation The close examination of the mesh that was created at the contacts of the steel plates with the concrete beam clearly shows that the meshes in the neighboring regions are not compatible This is due to the fact that we have not enforced this compatibility as it was discussed in the previous paragraphs The incompatible meshes should be used with great care since the results close to these regions have lower level of accuracy The program internally applies certain special constraint conditions to enforce a proper connection of these regions but such a connection is less accurate than in the case of compatible meshes ATENA Engineering 3D Tutorial 41 3 6 Bar reinforcement In the next step reinforcing bars will be defin
26. 4 8 842E 06 20 1 0 0014 0 013 0 016 1 9e 005 NR 2 Be Sem 22 1 0 0013 0 0161 0 0251 2 1e2005 NR l l le NR u2 Load 4 889E 02 MN i as Lisl 23 1 0 0013 0 013 0 018 1 7e 005 NR 5 24 1 0 0011 0 0079 0 0054 8 8e 006 NR a cm te Be SS a eS ee ee eee AA 5 5 T g dob e kog endi RA o Values at step 40 iteration 24 x Figure 84 The run time window after the completion of all 40 steps and selecting a crack filter of 0 1 mm Normally the program displays all cracks even very small cracks that are normally no visible A somewhat cleaner display of the main crack can be obtained by introducing a proper crack filter A crack filter can be introduced by selecting the button in the toolbar to the left of the main run time window see Figure 85 Often an appropriate minimal crack width to be displayed s 0 0001 m 1 e 0 1 mm Cracks lt 1 000E 04 F Mult 1 000E 00 Figure 85 Crack filter toolbar ATENA Engineering 3D Tutorial 71 Graph parameters x lt none gt Z Z 3 7502 X axis 5 8 25E 02 Axis label Displacements Range automatic Z 5 7 70E 02 Value 7 15E 02 Deflection ef 6 60E 02 6 05E 02 Multiplier 1 000 v Switch axis orientation 5 50E 02 Y axis 4 95E 02 Axis label Loads Range automatic v 4 40E 02 3 85E 02 Unit MN v 3 30E 02 Name Coefficient Color 275602 v 1 000 Tv Ea v Switch axis orientation 2 20E 0
27. 9 m Now all the reinforcement 1s generated Later on when the analysis 1s started the program will decompose each reinforcement bar into individual truss finite elements which will be embedded into the solid elements In this way the bar stiffness will be included into the numerical analysis This process is however fully automatic and the user does not have to deal with 1t The automatically created individual truss elements will be visible in the post processing phase of the analysis 48 3 7 Supports and Actions This section describes the definition of supports and loads for th s example problem The analyzed beam 1s supported at the bottom steel plate in the vertical direction Since we are analyzing only a symmetric half of the beam it is necessary to enforce the axis of symmetry along the right side of the beam This means that the horizontal x displacements along this side should be equal to zero The beam is loaded at the top steel plate We are interested in determining the maximal load carrying capacity of the beam which means we want to be able to trace the structural response also n the post peak regime The easiest method to accomplish this is by loading the beam by prescribed displacements at the top steel plate It s also possible to apply the loading by vertical forces which will be increased in each load step In order to be able to go into post peak advanced non linear solution strategies such as Arc length method
28. C3DElastIsotropic Edit Reinforcement CCReinforcement Concrete CC3DNonLinCementitious2 Remove Number 0 3 Materials Figure 19 The three materials which were defined previously can be viewed or modified from the Materials table window at the bottom part of the ATENA 3D window ATENA Engineering 3D Tutorial 15 3 3 Concrete Beam Next step n the Input data preparation should be the definition of problem geometry The geometry s created by defining individual solid regions In ATENA 3D these regions are called Macro elements The macro element definition is activated by selecting Topology Macroelements Add in the Input data tree on the left side of ATENA 3D window Input data tree E Analysis information Materials Activity HI O Lonstruction cases Be Macroelements Individual Add Edit Remove 228 Selected Remove Sal Copy a Move contacts Reinforcement bars External cables Joint springs Line springs Surface springs H H H H OH H This action opens a new window that 1s to be used for the definition of joints lines and surfaces composing the new macro element Each macro element has ts own set of joints lines and surfaces The window layout is shown n Figure 20 A new macro element can be created by several approaches The simplest one but the most time consuming method 1s to define individual joints Then connect them to lines which are later connec
29. CERVENKA CONSULTING C ervenka Consulting s ro Na Hrebenkach 55 150 00 Prague Czech Republic Phone 420 220 610 018 E mail cervenka cervenka cz Web http www cervenka cz ATENA Program Documentation Part 4 2 Tutorial for Program ATENA 3D Written by Jan ervenka Zdenka Proch zkov Prague August 19 2015 Trademarks ATENA is registered trademark of Vladimir Cervenka Microsoft and Microsoft Windows are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners Copyright 2000 2015 by Cervenka Consulting s r o CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION 2 STARTING PROGRAM 3 PRE PROCESSING 3 1 Introduction 3 1 1 Introduction of The Graphical User Interface 3 1 2 Definition of the Geometrical Model 3 1 3 Saving of Data 3 2 Material Parameters 3 2 1 Steel Plates 3 2 2 Reinforcement 3 2 3 Concrete Beam 3 3 Concrete Beam 3 3 1 Geometry Definition 3 3 2 Material Definition 3 4 Steel Plates 3 4 1 Grid Setting 3 4 2 Joints Definition 3 4 3 Lines Definition 3 44 Surface Definition 3 4 5 Extrusion 3 4 6 Material Definition 3 4 7 Copy 3 4 8 Move 3 5 Mesh Generation 3 6 Bar reinforcement 3 6 1 First Bar 3 6 2 Second Bar 3 7 Supports and Actions 3 8 Loading History and Solution Parameters 3 9 Monitoring Points 4 FE NON LINEAR ANALYSIS 4 1 4 2 Introduction Interactive Window ATENA Engineering 3D Tutorial O 0 on U 11 12 13 16 18
30. Input data tree ncitie Joints Line Surfaces Openings z eneration 6 Simple objects panaon Zoom extend button to fit the structure into the window v Macroelement joints v Macroelement lines Macroelement surfaces Global joints v Global lines Global surfaces gt 3 x ae Mar FE Local coord s of joints The type and other parameters can be defined in the window New object The object is created by clicking the button Generate Local coord s of lines Local coord s of surfaces Local coord s of macroeleme New object Entity type columnjbeam coordinate system global reference point placement 0 0000 0 0000 0 0000 reference point is in the brick s corner size Yx 1 2750 Vy 0 1900 Vz 0 3200 Information b Generate Local coordinate system Azimuth 0 00 Zenith 0 00 EA Calculate Macroelement type standard SE Figure 22 Preview of the specified parametric entity before it is created In some cases the previewed structure may be very small in the middle of the screen The display can be fitted to the whole window by selecting the Zoom extend button Ei N The preview in this case shows that the beam geometry is correct so it is possible to finalize the beam definition by clicking the Generate button in the right part of the generation window The resulting display is shown in Figure 23 New mac
31. NA User s Manual for detailed understanding of the available options At this point t may be important to mention the rotation button S If this button is selected it is possible to rotate the structure by placing the cursor inside the main graphical window holding down the left mouse button and moving the cursor This action will start to rotate the structure inside the graphical window Other important button is the move button If this button is selected and the cursor is inside the main graphical window and the left mouse button is pressed the structure follows the mouse movements The button activates the zoom The zoom area is selected by pressing the left mouse button once selecting the desired area and the zooming operation is performed by again pressing the left mouse button Any zoom operation can be cancelled by selecting the zoom extent button Ed which changes the view such that the whole structure fits into the main window The first step in post processing is to select the analysis step 1 e load step from which the results are requested The program loads the data for the requested load step into the computer memory and fills in appropriately the lists of available output quantities The type of analysis and used material models determine the available output data The process of selecting a display showing the deformed shape with contour areas of maximal principal strain is depicted in Figure 87 In the case of re
32. Number 0 2 Figure 39 Main window after the definition of the loading plate Then it remains to create the support plate on the left side of the beam Since the geometry of this plate is identical to the loading plate that we have just created it should be advantageous to exploit the copy and rotate options of ATENA 3D ATENA Engineering 3D Tutorial 31 3 4 7 Copy This operation is started by selecting the macro element to be copied This can be accomplished by selecting the item Macroelements in the Input data tree on the left side of the program main window This opens a table listing the existing macro elements in the model This table appears along the bottom part of the program window see Figure 40 In this table the macro element 2 is to be selected This macro element represents the loading plate and the correct selection is highlighted by green color of the selected macro element Also the corresponding line in the macro element list changes to blue color If the correct macro element is selected as indicated in Figure 40 it is possible to proceed to the actual copy operation The copy operation starts by selecting the Topology Macroelements Selected Copy item in the Input data tree This action changes the content of the bottom window as shown in Figure 41 where the parameters of this operation are to be specified Each parameter can be modified by clicking the highlighted items The selected macro element i
33. Options Windows Help v Pre processor i Run Dee SS QQQ MAHA HRS Zeh IKK HE ale Settings manager E The best crack visualization is obtained by turning of the 4000 03 6 000E 03 deformed shape ae 1 200E 02 Step Step4o undefined Ude re 1 600E 02 View sees 1 S00E 02 DOOE 02 200E 02 2 329E 02 Abs min Abs max jy 3D LayerO Si outline s ENG Results ee The crack display can be selected here It 1s recommended to E 30 Layer filter out the smallest cracks lt 0 1 mm Cracks can be displayed Scalars Vectors Tens rs en on the element level or integration point level The recommended Cracks method for solid elements is the element level for plate shell EES elements it is the integration point level zi Mut 1 0E6 00 Figure 88 Filtered crack display along with the contour areas of maximal principal strains 74 1D LayerO m 3L Layer Evolution 10 In order to visualize reinforcement EJ 1D Layero 3D layer 1s to be deactivated m 3L LayerO Cracks Scalars The distribution of scalar quantities can be displayed using different colors Scalars Vectors Tensors Cracks Evolution 1D Evolution 1D in nodes k Stress Sigma HE E Automatic scale olsnone gt J Figure 89 The display of reinforcement bar stresses act
34. Reinforcement Bar diameter 0 026 m Number of bars 1 ATENA Engineering 3D Tutorial 45 3 6 2 Second Bar The second bar will be created by exploiting the copy feature of ATENA This feature is accessible only from the main ATENA window However before exiting the reinforcement bar definition window it is important to add the created bar into the model This is accomplished by selecting the Add button in the most right bottom corner of this program window see Figure 56 Then the neighboring Quit button could be used to return to the main program window New reinforcement bars Topology Properties the ote LL 1 Offset 0 0000 ZI Ze Lowe Re Input data tree j E Joints Segments Le Individual Add Edit f Remove 8 Selected f Remove O Polyline O Arcs amp circles This button must be selected to include v Reinforcement joints the created bar into the global model v Reinforcement lines v Global reinforcement v Global macroelements outlin z i f Global macroelements filled f i l A J i Body Number Origin End Add hit au Edit 2x Remove Number 0 1 Table segments E Add Quit Figure 56 Before exiting the bar definition window it is important to add the created bar into the global model After the return into the main program window it is recommended to deactivate the display of surfaces and the FE mesh in order
35. aces Add in the Input data tree This activates the interactive surface definition The surface is defined by selecting the lines that form its boundary see Figure 33 In this case it s not necessary to select all the boundary lines forming the surface since the program immediately recognizes that in this special case only one solution is possible to create a closed surface and automatically includes the other lines into the surface definition New macroelements Topology Properties Rye od LL offset 0 0000 A Z Joints Line J Surfaces Le Individual add Acquire Edit f Remove 858 Selected f Remove Openings O Simple objects O Extrusion O Arcs circles v Macroelement joints v Macroelement lines v Macroelement surfaces Global joints v Global lines Global surfaces z Local coord s of joints Boundary lines Local C5 I Select lines by clicking to definea Local coord s of lines Angle Add surface A new surface is created v Local coord s of surfaces Local coord s of macroeleme Outer boundaries 1 Number 0 0 0 1937 0 0000 0 3527 Local coordinate system Azimuth 0 00 7 Zenith 0 00 d Calculate Macroelement type standard Sal Number 2 Add Quit Figure 33 Surface definition Table surfaces Information ATENA Engineering 3D Tutorial 27 New macroelements Topology Pr
36. ameters Remove Number 0 3 Solution paramet _ ATENA Engineering 3D Tutorial 59 Now it is possible to prescribe the loading history for the given problem The objective is to keep increasing the load up to failure Very often before an analysis is started it 1s difficult to estimate the required loading level that would lead to failure The maximal load level however can be often estimated either by simple hand calculation or by performing an initial analysis with a very small load level Then from the resulting stresses it is possible to estimate how much the load must be increased to fail the structure In this example it s known from the experimental results that the beam should fail at the deflection of about 0 003 m In load case 2 we have defined a prescribed displacement of 0 0001 m This means that approximately 30 load steps would be needed to reach the failure Base on this assumption 40 load steps will be specified in this demonstration example The loading history is prescribed by selecting the item Run Analysis steps in the Input data tree This changes the content of the bottom part of the program window see Figure 75 It shows the table of the prescribed loading history No history is currently defined so the table is empty Individual load steps can be now added to the table by pressing the button Add on the right side of this table e 7 444 A QQQ HHA a lea LH BEN HI Hl ame
37. arbitrary plane and display results on this plane The option is activated by selecting the IZ button below in the Section toolbar This opens a window showing a list of currently defined cuts see Figure 91 There are no cuts now but a new one can be created by selecting the Add button This opens another window that is shown in Figure 92 for cut definition Atena 3D Postprocesor D Users Jc Work Tutorial Data Shear beam 3D v6 cc3 DU 6 BAG HHA P ES Ze LARUE 12 Z _ Views Settings manager lo Z Cut definition is started by clicking this button in Section z the Section toolbar undefined view Activity lt all gt Mrz This opens a window listing the current cut definitions Structure Basic ja 1D LayerO m 3D LayerO v outline 2 s EL Results ol 1D LayerO m N S Beer Des us The Add button is Cracks Evolution 1D used for defining Scalars Vectors Tensors Scalars new cuts Close Adding cut Cut name Title Cut 1 It is possible to name each cut for future usage and identification SY SO QAQQHGTHAAe es L HRB EE Z a The highlighted items are clickable and can be used to specify the desired cut Press Add button to add Sat definition the cut definition to the Cut definition typeplane and offset li St PlaneyZ Offset fr
38. bar it is possible to Woz ag e e 2 000E 01 7 006 02 J 10e le modify the run time display 0 0006 00 6 50E 2 000E 01 6 50E 02 1D 2D 3D 4 000E 01 6 00E 02 Results 6 000E 01 5 50E 02 1D 2D 3D 8 000E 01 1 000E 02 5 00E 02 Cewe A A 1 200E 02 a al cracks In this dialog a quantity can be P2 Mult i 406 02 S selected for contour area display oe Abs max 3 50E 02 Stress Sigma xx oz 3 00E 02 Edit data list 2 50E 02 Automatic scale 2 00E 02 e3 T Here quantities can be selected 006 2 for which the run time display is e b e e FETT er rg available If too many quantities fs Displacements rn gt E A are 3 are selected considerable increase Number Name Magnitude Unit Message output Error Param I I b Ci Omwarta 5 2006 021 1 in the analysis time can be C2 Conw crit 2 1 536E 02 C3 Conv crit 3 4 671E 03 1 expected C4 Conw crit 4 8 115E 04 Job Log start Ui Deflection 1 6816 05 rr A O OT are ee T za la Step 19 Elapsed CPU sec 3247 23 E OOO ee o Iter Eta Disp Err Resid Err Res Abs E Energy Err NR 5 5 Iter Eta Unbalanced Energy Ratio Current Required LS 8 Values at step 19 iteration 1 E Figure 83 The run time window showing the iterative changes of the load displacement diagram and the contour plot of o stresses 70 When the specified load steps are completed the content of the run time w ndow Figure 84 shows t
39. ce this button is selected the analysis starts and the progress of various tasks 1s shown by a progress bar in the top right part of the run time window see Figure 81 ATENA Engineering 3D Tutorial 67 This window Calculate These buttons are used to shows the pre buton starts the switch to pre processing defined load steps analysis or post processing modes Results saving can be selected here Atena 3D Atena D Users Jc Work Tutorial Data Shear bean 3D v5 cc3 x File Settings Help 3 pre processor 8 Postprocesor I Number State Perform Save I step analysis analysis data Start the analysis with the button Calculate gt 1 Not analysed Yes Yes A _ faa Not analysed Yes Yes calculate 107 Not analysed Yes Yes 5 ak Tol van TA van 2 Save all data after completing each step a Analysis steps Results saving Convergence v ZI S a a Anann L 1 I TE HO 12 z Activity all active Z Structure The monitoring ee data can be 2 M 1D M 2D M 3D graphically cracks displayed here on ne and their numerical values are listed in the 4 11 1 1 1 000E 00 This windows shows the analyzed model x Edit data list Automatic scale je Visualization of results during the analysis can be selected here o Step Iteration conv crit 1 Cony crit 2 cony cit 3 cony
40. cted during the analysis at the monitoring points In this case the force at the point of load application and the maximal vertical displacement were monitored The load displacement diagram can be displayed as another post processing window from the menu item Graphs By default convergence characteristics are displayed in the graph window Il Z By Print Close SE B 9 8 10E 02 7 656 02 Select the previously 7 206 02 created LD diagram 6 75E 02 6 30E 02 5 85E 02 5 40E 02 4 95E 02 4 50E 02 4 05E 02 This button can be used to modify the graph content 3 60E 02 3 15E 02 2 70E 02 2 25E 02 1 80E 02 New graph definitions can 1 35602 be saved for future use by 9 00E 03 selecting this buton 4 50E 03 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 3 50E 04 7 00E 04 1 05E 05 1 40E 03 1 5E 03 2 10E 03 2 45E 03 2 80E 03 3 15E 03 3 50E 03 3 85E 03 4 20E 03 Displacements m Load Figure 102 Load displacement graph in the post processing Previously during the analysis execution a new graph had been created This graph was named LD and it is possible to select it in the list box at the top part of this window The 82 properties of the graph display can be modified by selecting the button as can be seen in Figure 103 Graph parameters This button switches the positive and oe ERREEEEEER negative orientation of each axis Value Deflection Multiplier 1 000 Y axis
41. e none Activity all active Input data tree O Macroelements Contacts Reinforcement bars External cables Joint springs Line springs Surface springs E Loading O Load cases _ Joints Line Move selectionmacroelements fia Move Surfaces Operationmirror global coordinate system lt ae Based onx plane shifted to 2 0 1600 m External cables Springs Loading Refinement FE mesh Monitoring points is Move macroelements Figure 44 The bottom view of the beam with the support plate 36 At th s point all geometry s defined The program automat cally recognizes all possible contacts among the existing macro elements It 1s possible to visualize the recognized contacts by selecting the item Topology Contacts in the Input data tree In order to properly see the generated contacts it is recommended to deactivate the display of surfaces in the View window at the bottom left corner of the program screen see Figure 45 By editing the contacts it 1s possible to specify special contact conditions such as for instance nonlinear interface behavior In this problem perfect connection 1s assumed which 1s the default contact setting so no editing 1s necessary Atena 3D Pre processor D Users Jc Work Tutorial Data Shear beam 3D v4 cc3 File Edit Input Data Show Settings Help marn amp Postprocesor De Hy o A QQQ EB EJ AH A O Be 1 TH aE m Actual F
42. e TZ ep F Actual Load case none Active load case selection Prescribed deformation Input data tree E A O Analysis informa O Materials O Activity O Construction casi Macroelements Contacts Reinforcement b External cables Joint springs Line springs Surface springs Load cases El O Generation m Joints b Line 2 2 Surfaces gt Macroelements ce Contacts z O Solution parame lt gt View v Line a E Add Surfaces a v Contacts Supports Supports Edit v Reinforcement Prescribed deformation Prescribed deformation 1 000 External cables v Springs Remove v Loading 3 v Refinement a5 Number 0 2 Figure 64 An appropriate active load case must be selected prior to the support definition Supports should be in the load case 1 ATENA Engineering 3D Tutorial 51 Atena 3D Pre processor E users Zp manualy ShearBeam3D cc 3 File Edit Input I view Options Help eC eee 1 Select lt none f Loading Surfaces Add item in the input data tree Actual condition Prescribed deformation TERNA Weg 0 000E 00 m O Load cases Joints Lines Surfaces Individual sl 2 Define the correct Edit ze S Remove condition attributes
43. e will contain the horizontal and vertical supports Mew load cases Properties Code Prescribed deformation Multiplier 1 000 Body Force Porce rescribed deformation LE 2 W Auto Supports Frescribed deformation Temperature Shrinkage Fre stressing Number i Add Guit Figure 62 The second load case will contain the prescribed deformation at the top steel plate 50 The table along the bottom part of the program window shows the list of created load cases see Figure 63 Each of them can be edited or deleted by selection the appropriate buttons on the right side of this table The active load case is selected using the Load case dialog above the Input data tree see Figure 64 At first the load case Supports should be selected When the load case is active it 1s possible to start defining its boundary conditions The definition of the symmetric boundary condition is described in Figure 65 and the application of the vertical support at the bottom steel plate 1s shown n Figure 67 I LC name LC code Coefficient E E ac 1 Supports Supports Edit Prescribed deformation Prescribed deformation 1 000 m 2 Remove u 5 Number 0 2 Figure 63 The list of created load cases in the Load cases table Atena 3D Pre processor D Users Jc Work Tutorial Data Shear beam 3D v5 cc3 File Edit Input Data Show Settings Help marn amp Postprocesor DEN RR Ze L eh i o
44. econd joint Local coord s of lines Origin End Angle Local coord s of surfaces Local coord s of macroeleme Joint beg 4 Joint end Number 0 0 Table line Information 0 1657 0 0000 0 3839 Local coordinate system Azimuth 0 00 Zenith 0 00 TA Calculate Macroelement type standard 7 Number 2 E Add Quit Figure 31 Definition of boundary lines ATENA Engineering 3D Tutorial 25 New macroelements Topology Properties SE onan mlm E E Giese af gt J ota 0 0000 A 7 Input data tree O Entities Joints CI ii Individual Add E Acquire Edit Remove 858 Selected Remove Surfaces Openings Generation O Simple objects O Extrusion O Arcs amp circles v Macroelement joints v Macroelement lines v Macroelement surfaces Global joints v Global lines Global surfaces m 0 Local coord s of joints i Con ee RER 5 Add Local coord s of lines Origin Angle Local coord s of surfaces A Local coord s of macroeleme Edit Remove bm Number 0 5 Table line Local coordinate system Azimuth 0 00 Zenith 0 00 Macroelement type standard Add X Quit Figure 32 Program display after the definition of boundary lines for the loading plate cross section 26 3 4 4 Surface Definition The surface definition starts in a similar manner by selecting the item Entities Surf
45. ected for the horizontal axis Then for the vertical axis it 1s necessary to first select the units The reactions have the units of force i e MN When a proper unit is selected the contents of the bottom part of this dialog changes and it is possible to select the monitor Load Here the label can be specified eg for the horizontal axis Graph parameters s axis Axis label Displacement Zr automatic Value Here the monitor Deflection should be selected Multiplier 1 000 i Switch axis orientation Y axis Axis label Load Range automatic Label for the vertical AXIS Unit MM Name Coefficient Color Load 1 000 W black Here the units for the vertical ax s can be selected W Switch axis orientation Monitor selection from the list of available monitors Redraw graph Use OK Redraw after iteration Z Cancel Figure 82 The dialog for modifying the graph display in the left part of the run time window Parameter input X axis Axis label Displacement Value Deflection Switch axis orientation Y axis Axis label Load Value MN Switch axis orientation ATENA Engineering 3D Tutorial 69 Since the prescribed beam deformation is negative it can be expected that the monitored values of deflection and load will also be negative Therefore it 1s useful to switch the orientation of both horizontal and vertical axis by selecting the appropriate check b
46. ed It should be noted that reinforcement bars can be defined any time during the input data preparation It is not necessary to wait till the macro elements are defined and mesh is generated 3 6 1 First Bar The reinforcement bar definition starts by highlighting the Topology Reinforcement bars Add item in the Input data tree This opens a new program window which is similar to the one that was used to define macro elements Figure 51 In this window it 1s again possible to define the bar geometry by mouse or by numerical values There are several methods for the bar definition Either it is possible to start by defining individual bar joints which will be later used to define the individual segments 1 e parts of the reinforcement The item Polyline can be used to directly define the reinforcement by clicking in the graphical window When the entities are defined in an interactive manner using the mouse it is advantageous to utilize the grid option analogically to the description in Section 0 during macro element 2 definition The item Arcs amp circles can be used to define reinforcement bars whose parts or formed by arcs or circles New reinforcement bars Topology Properties the ote 1 1 Offset 0 0000 Z Zeh TE ET 12 9 OE Use these buttons for graphical input and editing Le Individual Edit Remove 33 Selected Remove Segments O Polyline O Arcs amp circles This bu
47. elements Contacts Reinforcement bars External cables Joint springs Line springs Surface springs 4 Press Add and a new monitoring point will appear O Load cases Joints Lines Surfaces O Solution parameters oem O Analysis steps Add rn onitoring Monitoring points Monitpr definition 2 Press Add button itle Monitor 2 j to define a monitor Type Value at node lt gt Value Displacements 1 Component 3 view Monitor location Joints a vi Line l Topological data Macroelements Macroelement 1 i Surfaces as r Saas ee 0 0000 i 0 0050 a 0 0000 111 Macroelement 1 point 0 0000 0 0950 0 0000 m Number 2 F Add End Remove Number 0 1 Location Contacts v Reinforcement External cables Edit v Springs v Loading v Refinement v Monitoring points Figure 77 The definition of the first monitoring point 62 Monitor s name for easy identification Monitor type In this case a nodal displacement will be monitored that is closest to the coordinates that are provided below Add monitoring Monitor definition ff Here it is possible to select a data type Title Deflection Lo available for the given monitoring type Type Value at node Value Displacements E Iter Component 3 a ESET Here the tem that 1s to be monitored O Macroc
48. ernal cables v Springs v Loadini b Generate Elements roelement list Atena 3D Pre processor D Users Jc Work Tutorial Data Shear beam 3D v5 cc3 File Edit Input Data Show Settings Help mrn amp Postprocesor DEU be amp AQ Qi BAH BB amp Zu LH BB oie TZ em F Actual LC 2 en 7 ee 1 Select the item Topology Reinforcements This Iputdata gt brings up the list of currently defined reinforcement in the table i O Analysis informa below O Materials O Activity O Construction casi Macroelements Contacts Reinforcement b R Individual Add Edit a 2 Select the reinforcement 1 The selected reinforcement Bo will be highlighted in green color Gal Copy Fal Move External cable Joint springs Line springs Surface springs O Load cases Free aa A Joints K Lines s B Macros 3 Select the item Topology 4 Reinforcement Selected Copy Surfaces a v Contacts ar SEJ Description Number isos somons att Reinforcement External cables Bar reinf 1 1 Edit v Springs v Loading Refinement FE mesh vi Monitoring points v Remove Number 1 1 Reinforcement bars Figure 58 The selection of the reinforcement bar 1 for copying ATENA Engineering 3D Tutorial 4 I
49. erties Basic material SSS ee i ie Materia SEES Select this tab to switch to the definition of RE macroelement properties such as material or i smeared reinforcement Figure 24 The material type for the generated beam is specified by clicking the Properties button in top left corner of the macro element definition window In this case Concrete 1s the correct material for the created beam In this window 1t 1s also possible to specify smeared reinforcement This 1s one of the two possible methods for reinforcement modeling that are implemented in ATENA Reinforcement can be modeled either by modeling each individual bar or n an average sense by reinforcing a macro element in certain directions by specifying an appropriate reinforcement ratio This type of reinforcement model is called smeared reinforcement in ATENA and it can be inserted into each macro element by selecting the me Add button in the smeared reinforcement section of this window The smeared reinforcement feature is useful especially for modeling reinforcement mats or stirrups The analyzed beam however is without stirrups so the smeared reinforcement feature will not be used and therefore the smeared reinforcement list should be left empty 20 After the definition of material model for the created beam it is possible to finalize the macro element definition by returning back to the Topology tab and by selecting the Add button in the mo
50. erties Material set a Basic Materials Material Er Elastic Isotropic AD Elastic Isotropic 1D Elastic Isotropic 30 Nonlinear Cementitious 2 30 Variable Nonlinear Cementitious 2 30 Nonlinear Cementitious 2 User Microplane M4 30 Drucker Prager Plasticity 30 InterFace Reinforcement Cycling Reinforcement Bond For Reinforcement 30 Bilinear Steel Yon Mises Spring Figure 9 Selection of elastic isotropic material for the steel plates New material 3D Elastic Isotropic Material name aad Title Steel plates mj aR Basic Miscellaneous Elastic modulus E 2 100E 05 MPa Stress stram Law Poisson s ratio 4 0 300 Number i Previous Finish Cancel Figure 10 The dialog for the definition of material properties for the steel plates ATENA Engineering 3D Tutorial 11 3 2 2 Reinforcement Material type Properties Material set cc Basic Materials Y Material Reinforcement Title Basic Miscellaneous Type Bilinear 7 Elastic modulus E 2 080E 05 MPa Ty 560 000 MPa m Active In Compression 1 OK X Cancel Figure 12 The dialog for the definition of reinforcement material parameters The bi linear elastic perfectly plastic stress strain diagram is selected for this problem Parameter input Type Bilinear Elastic modulus 208 000 MPa Oy 560 MPa 12 3 2 3 Concrete Beam Material type Properties Material s
51. ess can be started from the Input data tree item Generation Extrusion When this item is selected a window appears along the bottom part of the macro element definition window in which the extrusion parameters can be specified see Figure 35 Extrusion parameters Surfacenumber 1 direction global Y axis size 0 1900 m b Generate Select the surface or opening for extrusion Other parameters can be specified in the window Extrusion parameters The extrusion is created using the button Generate original surface keep Information Figure 35 Extrusion parameters Parameter input Surface number Direction global Y axis Size 0 190 m Each extrusion parameter can be modified by clicking the highlighted fields The modifications are saved by hitting the Enter key or by clicking the button ZL Immediately after a meaningful set of extrusion parameters is specified a preview of the generated region can be seen in the main window If needed the rotation button amp can be used to rotate the structure slightly to get a better view of the new entity New macroelements Topology properties By Bs ie 2 Jal oe 0003 Z z e ES Bl ot LI BER IHRE BB V Input data tree Joints Line Surfaces Openings O Simple objects Extrusion O Arcs amp circles View v Macroelement joints v Macroelement lines v Macroelement surfaces Global joints v Global li
52. et a Basic Materials Material 30 Nonlinear Sementitic IWS Z Previous Next X Cancel Figure 13 Selection of 3D Nonlinear Cementitious 2 material model for the concrete beam 3D Nonlinear Cementitious EJ Parameter in Generation parameters a a ete put Cubic Fey 33 5 MPa Cu bic fa 33 5 MPa Previous Next Cancel Figure 14 Default values of material parameters are generated based on the cube strength of concrete For this case the cube strength should be 33 5 MPa NOTE There are predefined parameters in dialog windows for the definitions of parameters The table named Parameter input shows the parameters which should be changed ATENA Engineering 3D Tutorial 13 New material 3D Nonlinear Cementitious 2 Material name Load Title Comerete HS 4 Save Basic Tensile Compressive Miscellaneous Elastic modulus E 3 172E 04 MPa stress strain Law Biaxial Failure Law 172 Poisson s ratio u 0 200 Tensile strength Fr 1 640E 00 MPa Compressive strength Fo 2 045E 01 MPa Hurmber 3 Figure 15 The dialog window for the definition of basic properties for the cementitious material The parameters were generated based on the concrete cube strength The tensile strength should be edited to 1 64 MPa for the Leonhard s beam as well as it is proposed to change the default name of the material type to Concrete Param
53. eter input Tensile strength f 1 64 MPa tar Load Concrete Save Basic Tensile Compressive Shear Miscellaneous Specific fracture energy GF 5 500E 05 MN m msn k OK X Cancel Figure 16 The dialog window for the tensile properties for the concrete material Parameter input Specific fracture energy Gr 5 5e 5 MN m New material 3D Nonlinear Cementitious 2 Material name Load Title nerete a Save Basic Tensile Compressive Miscellaneous Critical compressive displacement vy 5 OO0E 04 Compressive ductility Plastic strain at compressive strength p 6 976E 04 Reduction of comp strength due to cracks 0 8 Number 3 Previous Finish Cancel Figure 17 The dialog window for the compressive properties of concrete material New material 3D Nonlinear Cementitious 2 Material name Gee Load Title te Basic Tensile Compressive Miscellaneous Fail surface excentricity 0 520 Crack opening law Multiplier For the plastic Flow dir 6 ooon g protated Specific material weight g 2 3006 02 mm3 M Coefficient of thermal expansion d 1 200E 05 1 K Fixed crack model coefficient 1 000 Number a Figure 18 The dialog window for the miscellaneous properties of concrete material In this window it is recommended to verify that the fixed crack model coefficient is set to 1 0 er Steel plates C
54. f joints Select the surface or opening for extrusion Other parameters can be specified in the window Extrusion parameters The extrusion is created using the button n Local coord s of lines Generate Local coord s of surfaces Local coord s of macroeleme Extrusion parameters Surface or opening not defined direction alobal Y axis size 0 1900 m openings extrude original surface keep No surface is selected for extrusion Local coordinate system Azimuth 0 00 Zenith 0 00 EA Calculate Macroelement type standard Information E Add X Quit Figure 37 Program display after generating the extruded entity 30 3 4 6 Material Definition The next step is to assign material properties to the newly created entity This s accomplished by switching to the Properties tab of the macro element definition see Figure 38 Here the previously created material Steel plates is to be selected New macroelements Topology Properties m Basic material Material 1 Steel plates Smeared reinforcement po Matern RA Reinf dir Figure 38 Material definition for the loading plate macro element Now the macro element for the modeling of the loading plate s fully defined and it s possible to include it into the global model by clicking the dd button in the most bottom right corner of the macro element definition window At this time it is possible to exit the macro element defin
55. he button for the manual specification of grid properties and set the grid specifications according to Figure 28 The plate cross section should be defined in the plane XZ and since the plate dimensions are 0 03x0 10 the following values for dx 0 05 and dz 0 03 should be used see Figure 28 Edit grid Parameter input Origin Step X 0 165 X 0 050 Y 0 000 Y 0 500 Grid Origin Step 0 1650 m 0 0500 m 0 0000 m 0 5000 m 0 3200 m 0 0300 m w Show grid w Snap to grid can be temporarily turned off by Ctrl Z 0 320 Z 0 030 Working plane XZ Working plane EaP Offset 0 0000 m Cancel Figure 28 Grid settings for the support plate definition The grid origin should be moved to 0 165 0 0 32 in order to place the grid origin into the center of bottom part of the loading steel plate At this point it is more convenient to modify the view of the structure in order to start defining the support plate geometry First let s change the view such that the structure is viewed from the negative Y axis by selecting the button CI This view is perpendicular to the beam geometry as well as the grid plane By selecting the zoom extend buttonEd the display of the whole beam appears It is also more convenient to switch to parallel view by clicking the button If the parallel projection is selected the exact projection of the beam geometry into the X Z plane 1s obtained ATENA Engineering 3D
56. he deformed shape of the structure along with the current level or cracking The graph window clearly indicates that the structure is failing by a diagonal shear crack that s shown in the run time window Atena 3D Atena D Users Jc Work Tutorial Data Shear beam 3D v5 cc3 File Settings Help pre processor Postprocesor State Perfo au All analysis steps have been completed analysis analysis To view analysis results switch to postprocessor gt il Analysed and saved _ o 2 Analysed and saved 5 E 3 analysed and saved o nalial ande Save all data after completing each step Results saving g a a I eo Z HF QQ DER Le Li DE EE A BB g 9 15E 02 Activity g 8 80E 02 all active 8 25E 02 Structure 7 70E 02 Ey 5 000E 01 7156 02 1D 2D 3D Results 6 60E 02 1D 2D 3D 6 05E 02 Cracks EELE lt 1 000E 04 F Seam Mult 1 0005 00 H 4 40E 02 Scalars 3 85E 02 no graphics 3 30E 02 2 75E 02 E Automatic scale 2 20E 02 1 65E 02 1 10E 02 7 25E 03 as ee een a ere NE 1 03E 04 1 50E 03 3 00E 03 4 20E 03 m 4 5 Displacements m z 5 L Load 2 j Number Name Magnitude Unit j Message Output Error Parameters Progress Sa ll 17 1 0 002 0 014 0 012 2 9e 005 NR A C2__ Conv crit 2 7 931E 03 18 1 0 0018 0 0131 0 01 2 3e 005 NR C3 Cony crit 3 5 433E 03 19 1 0 0016 0 012 0 01 1 9e 005 NR c4 Conv crit
57. hich macroelement the monitor s located In this case the first monitor 1s located in macroelement 2 64 Parameter input Title Load Type Value at node Value Reactions Item Component 3 Macroelement 2 Closest to the point X 0 1650 m Y 0 0950 m Z 0 3500 m These two monitoring points will allow us to monitor the load displacement curve during the non linear finite element analysis It makes it possible to see the changes of actions and displacement at each load step and even at each iteration The program display after the definition of the monitoring points 1s shown n Figure 80 Atena 3D Pre processor D Users Jc Work Tutorial Data Shear beam 3D v5 cc3 File Edit Input Data Show Settings Help mrn amp Postprocesor DEN RR A AABG HOBBI AB Has Ze LHBEK HH RE eo 9 Actual Load case LC 2 Prescribed defor v Activity all active Input data tree O Analysis information O Materials O Activity O Construction cases Macroelements Contacts Reinforcement bars External cables Joint springs Line springs Surface springs a H O Load cases Joints Lines Surfaces O Solution parameters O Analysis steps Monitoring points v Line E Add Surfaces Contacts g Deflection Yalue at node Displacements Component 3 Macroelement 1 point 0 0000 0 0950 0 0000
58. ined macro elements are shown in a very schematic way New macroelements Ry Ba de offset 0 0000 Z ZB ABB HB Les LH TH EB BY Input data tree Joints Line Surfaces Openings Simple objects ta O Extrusion x O Arcs amp circles View v Macroelement joints v Macroelement lines v Macroelement surfaces Global joints v Global lines Global surfaces Id The type and other parameters can be defined in the window New object The object is created by clicking the button Generate Local coord s of joints Local coord s of lines Local coord s of surfaces Local coord s of macroeleme New object Entity type column beam coordinate system global reference point placement 0 0000 0 0000 0 0000 reference point is in the brick s corner size Yx 0 0000 Yy 0 0000 Yz 0 0000 The column brick height cannot be zero Generate Local coordinate system Azimuth 0 00 Zenith 0 00 EA Calculate Macroelement type standard Information Number 2 Add Quit Figure 26 The beginning of support plate definition 22 3 4 1 Grid Setting When defining two dimensional macro element cross section it is advantageous to utilize the working plane grid The grid settings are controlled by the toolbar shown in Figure 27 tit i de o A offset 0 0000 4 Z Figure 27 The toolbar controlling the grid settings Select t
59. inforced concrete structures it 1s often important to display result quantities along the reinforcement bars Reinforcement data can be visualized by deselecting 3D results as it is described in Figure 89 and Figure 90 There it is possible to see the two available methods for visualizing reinforcement data either by using different colors or 2D diagrams ATENA Engineering 3D Tutorial 73 Atena 3D Postprocesor D Users Jc Work Tutorial Data Shear beam 3D v6 cc3 Files Edit Data Graphs Options Windows Help Tv Pre processor ud Run Settings manager x g 2 2 000E 4 000E Step4o at section oe t 1 200E x 1 4005 2 The deformed shape can be activated here and nu sety scaling factor can be specified Sate 2 329E undefined View Abs min Abs max Undefor m Defor med shape 1D LayerO Be 3D Layer Bat U 1D Layero 3 Before any results can be displayed 3D results must be selected Cracks Evolution 1D Scalars vectors Tensors Scalars liso areas ag awe 4 Select scalar data for rendering contour areas or iso lines Max Figure 87 The post processing window containing contour areas of maximal principal strain cracks and deformed shape for the last load step 40 Atena 3D Postprocesor D Users Jc Work Tutorial Data Shear beam 3D v6 cc3 Files Edit Data Graphs
60. ion case 1 My N R parameters 1 1 Construction case 1 My N R parameters 4 Edit 1 Construction case 1 My N R parameters 1 Construction case 1 My N R parameters A Remove Figure 76 The Analysis steps table after the definition of 40 load steps with the above parameters It 1s possible to add more load steps later during the analysis Analysis steps For each analysis step it 1s necessary to select the load cases which should be applied solution parameters and a multiplier that s used to scale all forces or prescribed displacements for the given step Load case numbers should be separated by comas or dashes A dash means that all load cases between the given numbers are to be applied in this step It is always possible to add insert or remove steps from this table However once a step 1s inserted before a step that had been already analyzed the results for analysis steps after the inserted step will be lost If an analysis shows that a required load level or failure had not been reached it 1s possible to add more load steps and continue with the analysis up to failure ATENA Engineering 3D Tutorial 61 3 9 Monitoring Points During non linear analysis it is useful to monitor forces displacements or stresses in the model The monitored data can provide important information about the state of the structure For instance from monitoring of applied forces or reactions it is possible to determine 1f the maximal load
61. ion parameters O analysis steps O Monitoring points Selection of visible View Joints Construction case name Y Line fi Add v Surfaces Y Contacts bi Construction case1 LNN case 1 T Insert v Reinforcement u v External cables vl s v Springs Edit Loading s v Refinement 3 Remove v FE mesh a v Monitoring points 3 Number 0 1 Figure 2 Graphical user interface of ATENA 2D pre processor ATENA 3D contains seven main toolbars File toolbar New Graphical problem output Free Zoom out Zoom Zoom rotat on at mouse window extend locat on to view Translat on and rotat on and Scale toolbars 7 7 ama hd ea a GB Ea Ef Move Zoom Zoom in Zoom in Zoom out in out at mouse around around location center center Select by crossing Selection toolbar Invert selection all objects of the Select b gt selected type skewed rectangle add remove invert r i Stelle ae E Select Part al Deselect by selection all items of clicking on off selected type Select by Select all objects of selected type rectangle ATENA Engineering 3D Tutorial Pictures toolbar Save the Selection of Listing in Picture current saved pictures manager picture pictures Handling 3D view toolbar Axonometric Perspective Predefined View in the View in the view view default 3D direction of direction of view the Z axis the
62. irror operation Atena 3D Pre processor E users Zp manualy ShearBeam3D cc3 File Edit Input Data View Options Help Run a Post processor D a gt Gl Se BB ua Ae A o Ala a BI EJ BE Ale Celle L HB KH RE Gq F Actual Noe Load case none Activity fal active Input data tree Wo O Macroelements A Individual Add Edit Remove 32 Selected Remove a Copy fal Move Contacts Reinforcement bars External cables Joint springs Line springs Surface springs Bee eee E O Load cases A v view oe Joints I V Line amp Move selectionmacroelements Ea Move Surfaces Operationmirror global coordinate system v Contacts n i A Reinforcement Based onx plane shifted to 2 0 1600 m v External cables Z v Springs E v Loading 5 v Refinement z v FE mesh v m v Monitoring points Figure 43 Mirror operation for moving the support plate macro element into the correct position Parameter input Operation mirror Shifted to Z 0 16m ATENA Engineering 3D Tutorial 35 Now the geometry of the whole structure is created It is possible to rotate and zoom the structure using the buttons and EJ respectively in order to verify that the support plate is positioned correctly at the bottom part ofthe beam see Figure 44 Atena 3D Pre processor E users Zp manualy ShearBeam3D cc3 File Edit Input Data View Options Help J Run Post processor leel
63. is step Analysis step 1 Analysed and saved Input Output Message Error Parameters Progress e Reinforced beam 3D e Beam without shear reinforceme is file was automatically created by Atena pre processor A3 se be cautios when making any modifications Figure 105 The step information window contains the input and output files from the finite element analysis It is possible to view the contents of the various data streams for each analysis step which can be selected from the pull down list at the top of the window The content of each data stream can be examined by selecting an appropriate tab at the top part of the window The input stream contains the commands that were passed from the pre processor to the analysis module In the first step it contains the definition of the numerical model In the subsequent load steps it contains the definition of supports loads and solution parameters The format of this file 1s described in the ATENA Input File Format manual 4 The advanced users can modify the contents of this file by copying and pasting it into an external editor Then such an input file it 1s recommended to use the extension inp for these files can be loaded into the ATENA 3D pre processor using the command File Open other Analysis control file Only users experienced with the program ATENA and the format of this file should modify the input file otherwise they can damage thei
64. ition window and return to the main program window by selecting the amp Sut button This button is also located at the bottom right corner Atena 3D Pre processor C users jc Work Atena DataXTutorial problem 3D Shear beam 3D cc3 File Edit Input Data Show Settings Help Run S Postprocesor F TIE T1 S af A gt Be p 47 Teaser lee DSR BBB Oo lt vlaj elejlaaalnanal ele 9 4 Html oslel Es Pee Actual Load case none Activity call active u Input data tree T General data O Analysis information O Materials O Activity O Topology O Construction cases J Macroelements Te Individual Add Edit Remove 322 Selected Remove Copy fa Move Contacts Reinforcement bars External cables Joint springs Line springs Surface springs Loading O Load cases 1 Joints Macroelements O Reinforcement bars 2 al cal FE mesh Run O Solution parameters O Analysis steps O Monitoring points View L Joints Description Number Local C5 on aces Number joints lines surfaces Azimuth Zenith Add M Contacts El Macroelement 1 12 6 Edit u Reinforcement Macroelement 2 15 7 v External cables a M Springs Remove M Loadin M Refinement 3 M Monitoring points E
65. ivated by clicking an appropriate labels and check boxes in the toolbar along the left side of the program window The evolution of 1D guantity can be in nodes 7 also d splayed as 2D graphs along Stress E the reinforcement Sigma HR ig Mult 2 0E 03 lt Atena 3D Postprocesor D Users Jc Work Tutorial Data Shear beam 3D v cc3 Files Edit Data Graphs Options Windows Help v Pre processor ud Run OZE RBR AABGAHLBOB 9 Hay 8 LH TRH RE 28 2 118E 01 2 400E 01 3 000E 01 3 600E 01 4 200E 01 4 800E 01 5 400E 01 6 000E 01 6 600E 01 7 200E 01 7 800E 01 8 400E 01 ja 1D LayerO Ta 9 059E 01 3D Layer Scalars vectors Tensors Cracks Evolution 1D Abs min Abs max y GN V fi st f V A F LO S png PIESO a iaaa joppes y NO L0 4897 1 10 3651 6 3 l Evolution 1D ci 2558339008 J 37 110 firn nodes Bere ERE Cees sek G lt 7 684E 01 9 059E 01 gt MP Glob struct limits Max x Y 2 1 275 0 190 0 350 Scalars areaiso areas Automatic scale G lt 7 684E 01 9 059E 01 gt MF Evolution 1D Figure 90 The post processing window with color rendering and evolution of stresses along the reinforcement bars ATENA Engineering 3D Tutorial 75 Another important feature is the possibility to cut the analyzed structure by an
66. lement model will be created in such a manner that a finite element node will be created at the same location Any loading or boundary conditions attached to the new geometrical joint will automatically propagate to the associated finite element node The OK button should be selected to accept the changes to the macro element 2 The operation erased the finite element mesh in the macro element 2 It is necessary to generate it again see the Section 3 5 54 fm z Topology Properties By Ea gt ABER 9 xef tx Tye Y s 8 G ES Qige amp AE The button Add allows the manual Input data tree rg m z specification of the coordinates for the new J int e e e e e onts ps oint in the middle top of the loading steel Individual Add Acquire plate Edit Remove meee New joints X H M 2 Selected j as ee Coordinate Line x 0 1650 0 0950 2 0 35 m v ar ee Ger ee O Surfaces v a ls A View Number 11 Add Quit ae a ae en en A rr Local coordinate system s a AE ae A oe 220 7 4 Azimuth 0 00 Zenith 0 00 obal joints Ks a Be AE i v Global lines LER EN RE Ra EEE Sl nr Pen WERE Local coord s of lines x m Y m z m Azimuth 7 Zenith add Local coord s of surfaces 0 1150 0 0000 0 3200 s N Ea Edit Local coord s of macroeleme 0 1150 0 0000 0 3500 0 1650 0 0000 0 3500 Remove 3 0 2150 0 0000 0 3500 5 0 2150 0 0000 0
67. lements ml le er 17 has to be selected For z displacement 4 99 Closest to the point x 0 0000 Y 0 0355 Zi 0 0000 m A the Component 3 1s to be selected Number 1 Add Quit The program will search for the closes node in this macro element whose displacements will be monitored Here the entity for the monitoring is defined such as macro element reinforcement etc Figure 78 The explanation of individual monitoring parameters It is important to specify in which macroelement the monitor is located In this case the first monitor is located 1n macroelement 1 Parameter input Title Deflection Type Value at node Value Displacement ltem Component 3 Macroelement 1 Closest to the point X 0 0000 m Y 0 0950 m Z 0 0000 m ATENA Engineering 3D Tutorial 63 The second monitoring point should be added near the joint where the prescribed displacements are applied The third component i e z direction of nodal reactions should be monitored at this point see Figure 79 Add monitoring Monitor definition Title Load Type Value at node bi Walle Reactions Item Component 3 u Monitor location Topological data Macraelements Macroelement 2 Closest to the point x 01650 v 0 0950 z 0350 m Number 2 i Add Quit Figure 79 The definition of the second monitoring point for modeling reactions i e loads It is important to specify in w
68. lin Global macroelements filled ajajaj Body Origin End un At 7 an un A m r Number 0 0 0 1657 0 0000 0 0505 ad Bat Figure 53 The creation of the first reinforcement bar by selection of the first and second bar joint 44 New reinforcement bars Topology Properties td 1 1 Offset 0 0000 H Z SEPA Input data tree 5 en _ 1 When the geometry of the first bar is defined N Indi gt the Properties tab should be selected to specify the remaining properties 82 Selected i i i Remove O Polyline O Arcs amp circles v Reinforcement joints v Reinforcement lines v Global reinforcement v Global macroelements outlin Global macroelements filled Origin End Add mal Remove Table segments Number 0 1 Number 1 E Add Quit Figure 54 The first reinforcement bar New reinforcement bars Calculate reinforcement area EJ Topology Properties Material fe Reinforcement b Area Reinforcement bond Number of bars and bar diameter Bar diameter 0 0260 m Number of bars 1 07 OK Cancel 2 Bi fa xi Figure 55 The reinforcement bar properties The cross sectional area can be comfortably calculated by using the available area calculator Bond model perfect connection Parameter input Material 2
69. mmediately after a meaningful set of copy parameters is defined a preview of the copied bar appears in the main graphical window This preview is denoted by dashed line see Figure 59 The new bar is created by pressing the Copy button on the right side of the program window Atena 3D Pre processor D Users Jc Work Tutorial Data Shear beam 3D v5 cc3 File Edit Input Data Show Settings Help mrn amp Postprocesor De By By EB o A BABBHBEB GB Le 8 LH IZ Sem Actual Load case c 2 Prescribed defor gt Activity all active Input data tree El A O Analysis informa O Materials O Activity El O Construction casi Macroelements Contacts J Reinforcement b RR Individual add Edit Remove 2 Selected f Remove Gal Copy fal Move External cables Joint springs Line springs Surface springs O Load cases J Joints 2 b Lines y o i Surfaces 47 v lt gt View a Surfaces a Contacts I Copy selectionreinforcement bars c Copy Reinforcement 5 Operationshift global coordinate system External cables v Springs 5 Dir Y axis shift valud Aezl ln v x v Loading Numbercopies1 loadingcopy v Refinement FE mesh o v Monitoring points Figure 59 The copying of the reinforcement bar Parameter input Operation shift Dir Y axis Shift value 0 0
70. nded set of parameters Once a valid set of parameters is selected a preview of the new macro element appears in the main graphical window If the preview shows that the new macro element has been created at the correct position see Figure 41 it 1s possible to click the button Copy at the right bottom corner of the program window This action will actually create the new macro element at the specified location It should be noted that no new macro element 1s created if the Copy button 1s not selected Atena 3D Pre processor D Users Jc Work Tutorial Data Shear beam 3D v2 cc3 File Edit Input Data Show Settings Help mrn amp Postprocesor Do amp amp ell to e PAB A LA GAP BE HRS Ze LI BEH RE eo 9 Actual Load case none In order to better see the coordinate ax s along which the shift is to be performed it 1s useful to deactivate the surface Activity all active Input data tree El A O Analysis informa O Materials O Activity E O Construction casi O Macroelements Individual Add Edit Remove 2 Selected f Remove Gal Copy fal Move Contacts Reinforcement ip External cables Joint springs Line springs Surface springs Load cases Copy parameters are specified by clicking the highlighted items Copy selectionmacroelements al Copy Operationshift global coordinate system en 5 Di
71. nes Global surfaces Local coord s of joints Local coord s of lines Local coord s of surfaces Local coord s of macroeleme Extrusion parameters Surfacenumber 1 direction alobal axis size 0 1900 m original surface keep I Select the surface or opening for extrusion Other parameters can be specified in the window Extrusion parameters The extrusion is created using the button Information Local coordinate system Azimuth 0 00 Zenith 0 00 EA Calculate Macroelement type standard Add Quit Figure 36 Preview of the new entity for the modeling of the loading plate ATENA Engineering 3D Tutorial 29 If the preview indicates that the new entity has a correct shape the Generate button has to be selected in order to actually create this entity It is important not to forget to click the Generate button otherwise this new entity could be lost After the Generate button is selected it is possible to note that the entity display has also changed in the main window see Figure 37 New macroelements Topology Properties By Ea the te Alg offset 00000 Z Bes A HR RO EE OG V Input data tree Joints Line Surfaces Openings HO amp H G O Simple objects Extrusion O Arcs amp circles v Macroelement joints v Macroelement lines v Macroelement surfaces Global joints v Global lines Global surfaces i j T ae gt E i aa x Local coord s o
72. nt b External cables Joint springs Line springs oe Parameter input om Global element size 0 05m Generation Joints Line Surfaces Macroelements Contacts O Solution parame O analysis steps O Monitoring points v View Joints A v Line I Global element size 0 0500 m b Generate Elements Edit Number of 3D elements 0 Generator v Surfaces v Contacts v Reinforcement v External cables v Springs Loading v Refinement Generate Elements Macroelement list linear linear linear FE mesh generation lt Figure 46 The main mesh generation parameters 38 The table n th s w ndow shows three items one for each macro element Figure 46 There it is possible to select for which macro elements the automated mesh generator is to be started which generator is to be used currently only one generator T3D 1s available and what kind of elements are to be generated linear or quadratic Linear elements are low order elements with nodes at each element corner Quadratic elements usually have additional nodes on each element edge Some quadratic elements may have even nodes in the middle of element sides or inside the element In this case linear elements will be used and 1t 1s recommended t
73. nts Each macro element is defined separately and 1t is composed of joints lines and surfaces In ATENA 3D each macro element has its own joints lines and surfaces This means that no joint line or surface can be shared by two macro elements It 1s possible to use previously defined entities 1 e joints lines or surfaces for the definition of a new macro element but every time this is done a new copy of the entity 1s created with identical geometry but different 1d Macro element definition starts with the creation of geometrical joints These joints are later connected into boundary lines The current version of the program supports only straight lines Curved lines can be approximated by several linear segments The program includes tools for automatic generation of such piecewise linear segments for arcs and circles The subsequent step in the macro element definition is the creation of surfaces The current version 1s limited to planar surfaces Curved surfaces must be approximated by several planar surfaces Alternatively the program supports also the import of existing finite element meshes Such a mesh can be created by an external program and imported into ATENA for definition of ATENA specific features The surfaces are composed of the previously defined lines The program contains also tools for direct generation of simple geometrical objects such as prisms multi sided prisms or pyramids When two macro elements touch each other p
74. o use only brick elements whenever possible The close examination of the existing macro elements clearly shows that only the first macro element i e the beam can be meshed with brick elements For the steel plates the tetrahedral elements will have to be used Even though the linear tetrahedral elements are generally not recommended for stress analysis they can be used in this case for modeling the steel plates since an accurate modeling of stresses and deformations n these areas is not as important as the modeling of the concrete beam itself The meshing parameters for the beam macro element are modified by selecting the item FE Mesh Macroelements Add in the Input data tree This again changes the bottom table window and opens the dialog that is shown in Figure 47 for defining a prototype of macro element mesh properties Here the brick mesh type should be selected After clicking OK button this prototype can be assigned to the macro element representing the concrete beam see Figure 48 Mesh parameters prototype macroelements Mesh refinement Refinement typ relative size Magnitude 1 000 Mesh type Brick S Brick Brick and tetra Figure 47 The prototype of macro element mesh parameters Notes on meshing The finite element mesh quality has a very important influence on the quality of the analysis results the speed and memory requirements Refining only the important parts can save a lot of process
75. oad cases 2 Select the macroelement 3 FE mesh H Run O Solution parame O Analysis steps O Monitoring point v ww L Joints a l ta 1 Description Number Local CS Z ae joints lines surfaces Azimuth 2 Zenith 2 E Add V Contacts 4 Macrpetefnent 1 8 12 6 4 g Edit v Reinforcement 5 jacroelement 2 10 15 7 External cables Macroelement 3 10 15 7 z Srna al Sremo Loading 5 K V Refinement 3 ae Figure 42 The next step is to move the new macro element 3 such that it occupies the correct location along the bottom edge of the beam Move Mirror operation is used to accomplish that 34 This action again changes the content of the bottom window which now contains the parameters for the move operation There are several possible move methods shift rotation and mirror In this case it is advantageous to use the mirror method The mirroring should occur with respect to the XY plane that should be shifted by 0 16 m along the Z axis from the origin The correct definition of the move parameters is shown in Figure 43 which also shows the display of the main graphical window after the above set of parameters is used The graphical window also shows the preview of the new location of the macro element 3 If the correct position is verified it 1s possible to press the Move button to actually perform the m
76. oelement Ines ssd standard solid macroelements d 2 4 p v Macroelement surfaces 2 ee 2 O ects an CO move Global joints special shell plate macroelemg ae PY Global surfaces EIER a EN er Aine Local coord s of joints The type and other parameters can be defied in the window New object The object is created by clicking the button Generate Local coord s of lines Local coord s of surfaces Local coord s of macroeleshe New object Entity type columnjbeam coordinate system global reference point placement 0 0000 0 0000 0 0000 reference point is in the brick s corner size Yx 0 0000 Vy 0 0000 Yz 0 0000 The column brick height cannot be zero Rz Local coordinate system Azimuth 0 00 Zenith 0 00 EA Calculate Macroelement type standard z Number 71 Add Quit Figure 20 Layout of the ATENA window for macro element definition Information ATENA Engineering 3D Tutorial 17 3 3 1 Geometry Definition The analyzed structure is symmetrical so it is possible to analyze only the symmetrical half The first task would be to define the concrete beam Subsequently the steel plates for loading and supports will be created The concrete beam is a prism and therefore it is advantageous to generate its geometry using the parametric definition of simple entities This can be accomplished by selecting the item Generation Simple objects in the Input data tree This activates the gene
77. om the origind 500 m Rotation along local Z axis 0 00 Number 1 E Add End Figure 92 Cut definition window A cut parallel to YZ plane is selected with origin at 0 5 m and named Cut 1 76 In this window see Figure 92 1t is possible to see the cut plane as it 1s intersecting the structure After the cut is created and saved using the Add button it is possible to select it in the list box in the Section toolbar This hides the whole structure and shows the selected output quantity only on the predefined cut plane as it s shown n Figure 93 Atena 3D Postprocesor D Users Jc Work Tutorial Data Shear beam 3D v6 cc3 Files Edit Data Graphs Options Windows Help v Pre processor i Run OZEH SS QQQ BERN Hay Le LH BB H RE Fe View OX Settings manager Se Scale z 1 558E 06 Step 2 000E 03 4 000E 03 Sera Z After the cut definition 1t 1s possible to activate ee 1 000E 02 its d splay by selecting the appropriate cut name 1 2008 02 aE 6006 0 vow CD in the list box in the Section toolbar Leone oe Activity 2 000E 02 2 200E 02 E v 2 329E 02 Structure Section Abs min Abs max 7 je Basic of 3D LayerO outline Results o BS Cracks Evolution 1D Scalars vectors Tensors Scalars iso areas 3 in nodes Principal Strain x Max x Figure 93 The display of maximal principal strains on the
78. operties By tht ote LL 1 Offset 0 0000 4 A Joints Line J Surfaces Le Individual Add Acquire Edit eg I l Table for the manual surface S Remove ee Openings 05 definition Use the Add button to O Simple objects 001 manually specify the surface O Extrusion O Arcs amp circles i boundary v Macroelement joints v Macroelement lines v Macroelement surfaces Global joints v Global lines Global surfaces s Local coord s of joints I Boundary lines Local CS pra I Select lines by clicking to definea Local coord s of lines Angle 7 Add surface A new surface is created w localcoord sof sufeces oi fs Local coord s of macroeleme Edit Outer boundaries f Remove Number 0 1 0 1477 0 0000 0 2525 Local coordinate system Azimuth 0 00 zenith 0 00 7 E Calculate Macroelement type standard A Table surfaces Information Add X Quit Figure 34 The final display after the first surface definition At this point it should be also noted that a surface could be also defined manually by specifying the ID numbers of each line forming the surface The manual input 1s always activated from the table in the bottom of the macro element definition window 28 3 4 5 Extrusion The macro element for the loading plate can be now created by extruding this surface in the Y direction over the beam thickness 1 e 0 19 m The extrusion proc
79. or time and disk space A bad mesh like a single layer of volume elements in a region where bending plays a s gnificant role can produce very wrong results see the Mesh Study example in the ATENA Engineering Example Manual A minimum of 4 6 elements per thickness 1s recommended for at least qualitative results n bending Alternatively shell elements may be used see section Shell Macroelements n the User s Manual for ATENA 3D ATENA Engineering 3D Tutorial 39 Atena 3D Pre processor D Users Jc Work Tutorial Data Shear beam 3D v4 cc3 File Edit Input Data Show Settings Help 1d RUn E Postprocesor Cee YY A a ed BEHA V Ze LHR RE B m Actual Load case none Activity all active Input data tree A O Construction casi Macroelements Contacts Reinforcement b External cables Joint springs Line springs Surface springs O Load cases O Generation Joints Line Surfaces J Macroelements Individual Add Edit f Remove 22 Selected E Remove Contacts fi e e To SS SSE SE hc mh LLY lt Joints A Line a v Surfaces v Contacts Reinforcement 8 lacroelemer Refinement type Length m Mesh type Coefficient E Add 1 1 000 ick Edit Remo
80. ossible only for macro elements that have six boundary surfaces For other macro elements that do not fulfill this requirement tetrahedral or mixed meshes can be created In the case of mixed meshes the program attempts to create a uniform brick mesh in the interior or the model The remaining regions close to the boundary are then meshed with pyramid and tetrahedral elements This method works satisfactory only if the selected mesh size is sufficiently small If the specified elements are too big the program fails to create the uniform brick mesh in the interior of the macro element and only tetrahedral elements are created The mesh generation parameters can be specified by accessing the FE Mesh Generation item in the Input data tree When this button is selected the window along the bottom part of the program window changes its content as shown in Figure 46 It shows the main mesh generation parameters In the top part of this window there is a global default mesh size that can be modified by clicking the Edit button next to it For this case the value of 0 05 m should be used see Figure 46 Atena 3D Pre processor D Users Jc Work Tutorial Data Shear beam 3D v4 cc3 File Edit Input Data Show Settings Help m RUn Postprocesor Dee SS o A QQQ BHA Has Zeh i TH a SO F Actual Load case none Activity all active Input data tree O Activity a O Construction casi Macroelements Contacts Reinforceme
81. oxes At the bottom of this dialog a list box exists where it is possible to select how the graph is assembled It is possible to display all iterative changes 1 e see how the monitoring values change during iterations or to specify a display based on values at the end of each increment The effect of this parameter can be easily seen by close examination of Figure 83 and Figure 86 When the OK or Apply button is selected the content of the graph window changes as is shown in Figure 83 It is useful to save these graphs settings by clicking the button above the graph window and name it LD This enables the saving of the current graph settings under a user defined name The saved graph settings are accessible from the list box above the graph window and they become available every time the same input file 1s opened Atena 3D Atena D Users Jc Work Tutorial Data Shear beam 3D v5 cc3 File Settings Help oa Perform I Step 19 Assembling Stiffness Matrix analysis analysis Pdi Anatysed and saved A Iteration 2 DENENENEERERERERENERERENEREREHERENENEENEEE a Analysed and saved m Interrupt m Pause 1 Analysed and saved 5 EEE I rd Save all data after completing each step fe Results saving k Z ip YyEaaLa b r S EJ P Z 8 04E 02 Activity 6 948E 01 an 4 all active b b 6 000E 01 er k z ciz In this tool
82. provide the user with basic understanding of the program behavior and usage For more information the user should consult the user s manual 2 or contact the program distributor or developer Our team is ready to answer your questions and help you to resolve your problems The theoretical derivations and formulations that are used in the program are described in the theory manual 1 The experienced users can also find useful information in the manual for the analysis module only 4 ATENA Engineering 3D Tutorial 87 88 7 PROGRAM DISTRIBUTORS AND DEVELOPERS Program developer ervenka Consulting s r o Na Hrebenkach 55 150 00 Prague 5 Czech Republic phone 420 220 610 018 fax 420 220 612 227 www cervenka cz email cervenka cervenka cz The current list of our distributors can be found on our website http www cervenka cz company distributors ATENA Engineering 3D Tutorial 89 8 LITERATURE 1 ATENA Program Documentation Part 1 ATENA Theory Manual CERVENKA CONSULTING 2000 2014 2 ATENA Program Documentation Part 2 ATENA 2D User s Manual CERVENKA CONSULTING 2000 2014 3 ATENA Program Documentation Part 3 1 ATENA Engineering Example Manual CERVENKA CONSULTING 2000 2010 4 ATENA Program Documentation Part 6 ATENA Input File Format CERVENKA CONSULTING 2000 2014 5 Leonhardt and Walther Schubversuche an einfeldringen Stahlbetonbalken mit und Ohne Schubbewehrung Deutscher Ausschu
83. r Load case none 7 Activity all active FR nz Automatically recognized two My ff t nn contacts between the beam and s O Materials Sr two steel plates O Construction cases Macroelements J Contacts Individual Edit 02 Selected Reinforcement bars External cables i a Joint springs Line springs Surface springs EJ O Load cases In order to see the contacts 1t 1s O Solution parameters O analysis steps O Monitoring points recommended to turn off the display of surfaces lt gt view Joints I Macroelement 1 Makcoelement 2 Connection type x Macroel Area Macroel Area full partia Edit v Contacts v Reinforcement v External cables v Springs v Loading v Refinement v 3 2 1 2 2 1 Contacts Number 0 2 Figure 45 The program automatically recognizes existing contacts among the created macro elements ATENA Engineering 3D Tutorial 37 3 5 Mesh Generation After the definition of macro elements s completed t s possible to proceed to the next step in the definition of the numerical model that is the automatic mesh generation In ATENA 3D each macro element can be meshed independently Three main options exist for the macro element mesh generation It is possible to create a structured mesh that consists of only brick elements Such a method is p
84. r Xcaxis shift uU 1x v External cables 5 Numbercopies1 loadingcopy springs copy v Springs g v Loading v Refinement v 8 Figure 41 Shifting the copy of the loading plate along the x axis by the distance of 0 810 m Parameter input shift value 0 810 m ATENA Engineering 3D Tutorial 33 3 4 8 Move After the new macro element is created it is easy to see that 1t does not occupy the correct location at the bottom edge of the beam At this point it is advantageous to utilize the move mirror operation of ATENA 3D First 1t 1s necessary to deselect macro element 2 and select the macro element 3 whose position will be changed by the mirror operation When the correct macro element 1s highlighted in the main graphical window it is possible to select the item Topology Macroelements Selected Move in the Input data tree Atena 3D Pre processor D Users Jc Work Tutorial Data Shear beam 3D v3 cc3 File Edit Input Data Show Settings Help d RUN Postprocesor ID SH Sells Balm A A Actual Load case none m 3 Select Input data tree Move item O Construction casi A BB Macroelements Individual Add Edit Remove 2 Selected E Remo Gal Cop Contacts Reinforcement b 1 Deselect the macroelement 2 External cables Joint springs Line springs Surface springs Loading O L
85. r data which may then become unusable The output stream contains the output from the analysis module Normally this stream 1s empty since it is used later when text output 1s requested The message stream contains the information about the analysis progress as they appeared also in the interactive window during the non linear analysis The error stream contains error and warning messages from the analysis modules This stream should be examined for errors that might have occurred during the numerical calculations ATENA Engineering 3D Tutorial 85 86 6 CONCLUSIONS This tutorial provided a step by step introduction to the usage of ATENA 3D on an example of a reinforced concrete beam without shear reinforcement Although this example is relatively simple from geometrical and topological point of view it 1s not a simple problem from the numerical point of view Due to the missing shear reinforcement the beam fails by a diagonal shear crack which is very difficult to capture using smeared crack approach This example demonstrates the powerful simulation capabilities of ATENA for modeling the brittle failure of concrete structures Even with a rather coarse mesh which was used n this demonstration example the diagonal shear crack was successfully captured Further improvement of the results can be achieved by decreasing the finite element size to for instance 8 elements over the beam height The objective of this tutorial is to
86. ration window along the bottom edge of the macro element window In this window the following data should be specified see Figure 21 The input of numerical quantities such as coordinates or beam sizes must be completed by clicking the check box Hl or by pressing the Enter key on your keyboard Otherwise the numerical value 1s not accepted I The type and other parameters can be defined in the window New objectt The object is created by clicking the button Generate r New object Entity type column beam coordinate system global reference point placement 0 0000 0 0000 0 0000 reference point is in the brick s corner size Vx 1 2750 Vy 0 1900 Vz x Local coordinate system Azimuth 0 00 Zenith 0 00 Figure 21 The parameters for the entity generation can be modified by clicking the highlighted items The numerical input is finalized by clicking the Hi checkbox button Information Parameter input Entity type column beam Coordinate system global Reference point 0 0 0 Size Vx 1 275 V 0 190 Vz 0 320 Immediately after all parameters for the beam are specified the preview of the beam geometry 1s visible in the main window In some cases it 1s necessary to zoom in to see clearly the beam geometry This can be accomplished by selecting the Zoom extend button E41 New macroelements Topology Properties By Ea ERBE th ide lOffset 0 0000 A EIQ Le Li ste TH HB V
87. rk Tutorial Data Shear beam 3D v6 cc3 BEJE x D gH amp amp Bs A aeQ AERA e Lol A KT TT T a TZ Actual Load case Activity name lic 2 Prescribed defor v Title Activity call active J Macro elements Input data tree au ned Of La Contacts O Analysis information O Materials Oni Activity On O Construction cases EN 3 In this input field an activity name Can be specified Macroelements O n 2 Contacts Reinforcement bars N External cables Joint springs Line springs Surface springs Fa 71a eee Load cases Joints 4 Appropriate check boxes should be de wares selected to define the activity contents JHA AO O Solution parameters oer 2 Select Add button to create a new activity lt gt View Number 1 E Add End v Line Add z Contacts v Reinforcement v External cables v Springs v Loading v Refinement v if Number 0 0 Activity Figure 100 Activity definition inthe ATENA 3D pre processor Atena 3D Postprocesor D Users Jc Work Tutorial Data Shear beam 3D v6 cc3 View1 E Files Edit Data Graphs Options Windows Help v Pre processor m Run x De SSF QQQ HEH HABS Bw Li sik MU RE Ze Settings manager a Scale 53 o z 1 798E 01 Step m 1 650E 01 1 500E 01 Step40 1 350E 01
88. roelements x Topology Properties By Input data tree ll Z Z offset 0 0000 Z nitie Joints Line Surfaces Openings Simple objects O Extrusion O Arcs amp circles View v Macroelement joints v Macroelement lines v Macroelement surfaces Global joints v Global lines Global surfaces Local coord s of joints U The type and other parameters can be defined in the window New object The object is created by clicking the button Generate Local coord s of lines Local coord s of surfaces Local coord s of macroeleme New object Entity type column beam coordinate system global reference point placement 0 0000 0 0000 0 0000 reference point is in the brick s corner size Vx 1 2750 Vy 0 1900 Vz 0 3200 Information Local coordinate system Azimuth 0 00 Zenith 0 00 EA Calculate Macroelement type standard Number 1 add amp Quit Figure 23 Program display after the generation of the parameterized beam element ATENA Engineering 3D Tutorial 19 3 3 2 Material Definition The next step is to specify an appropriate material for the generated beam The property window appears if the Properties tab is selected The resulting window is shown in Figure 24 In this window an appropriate material type can be assigned to the macro element New macroelements Topology Prop
89. rogram automatically detects this condition and creates contacts at the appropriate locations These contacts can be later modified to simulate perfect connection gaps or other interface types ATENA Engineering 3D Tutorial 5 3 1 1 Introduction of The Graphical User Interface Before starting the definition of the geometrical model it is a good idea to introduce the graphical user interface of ATENA 3D pre processor The pre processing window is shown in the subsequent Figure 2 Main Menu Atena 3D Pre processor no name Ek File Edit Input Data Show Settings Help EA Run amp Postproces DEU RLRRE A FYOV QQQ HDEAA SB 9 de Lh ete eu eI Actual Load case none Selection of active load Miscellaneous Switch to case Toolbars solution post Activity all active Input data tree processing Analysis informat O Materials O Activity fee Macroelements Contacts Reinforcement bars External cables Joint sNings Line sprigs Surface sfkings Selection of active part of structure HH HO G amp Main view window containing the created geometrical and FE model Load cases DE O Generation Joints Line Surfaces Macroelements Contacts Input data tree for data definition HHO Tables for data input and modification Table for the active item in the data access tree is shown E O Solut
90. s to be copied and shifted along the x axis by the distance of 0 810 m Only one copy is necessary and since there are no forces or springs attached to the source macro element 1t does not matter what 1s selected for the last two parameters Atena 3D Pre processor D Users Jc Work Tutorial Data Shear beam 3D v2 cc3 File Edit Input Data Show Settings Help mpun V Postprocesor Dee FA eanan Le LH RMU FE mi Actual Load case none Me 1 First select the item all active Macroelements Input data tree A O Analysis informa O Materials O Activity O Construction cas J Macroelements Individual 3 Then select the item Macroelements Selected Copy Reinforcement b External cables Joint springs Line springs Surface springs O Load cases 2 Then highlight the macroelement 2 Joints Description Number Local CS joints lines surfaces Azimuth 2 Zenith 2 E Add ie Z Contacts a nu Ei v Reinforcement 2 en 2 7 External cables Remove Number 1 2 lt wo O 5 uj 77 Macroelements Refinement v Figure 40 Selection of loading plate macroelement for copy operation to create a similar macroelement for support plate 32 The Figure 41 shows the recomme
91. ss fuer Stahlbeton Heft 51 Berlin 1962 Ernst amp Sohn 90
92. st bottom right corner of the macro element definition window Please note that this is a different button than the one used for the definition of smeared reinforcement that was discussed before At this point the created beam is added to the model and it is possible to start defining other macro elements It is possible to look at the so far created model by selecting the Quit button at the most bottom right part of the macro element definition window to return to the main program view Figure 25 Atena 3D Pre processor C users jc Work Atena Data Tutorial problem 3D Shear beam 3D cc3 File Edit Input Data Show Settings Help Run 8 Postprocesor D S E RYB 0 m Actual BE S Load case none v Activity feal active v Input data tree er E General data O Analysis information O Materials O Activity S Topology oO Construction cases O Macroelements gt Individual Add Edit f Remove 8 Selected Remove Gal Copy fu Move Contacts Reinforcement bars External cables Joint springs Line springs Surface springs ading Load cases OHHHHHH oj m 01000000 esh D E 5 sun O Solution parameters O Analysis steps O Monitoring points Joints Description Number Local CS Li 7 Bree joints lines surfaces Azimuth Zenith 2 Add v Contacts Mecroclement DO ed sl co jahre W Reinforcement Ei External cables v Springs 2
93. t View Page Gl Document lt all data gt v Scheme color aaa Tr Editor O step 1 O step 2 LI Step 3 O step 4 L steps Description Reinforced beam 3D Unit system ar Note Beam without shear reinforcement ep O step 8 O step 3 O step 10 MONITORING POINTS AFTER LOAD STEP O Step 11 LI step 12 MONITOR C1 O Step 13 O Step 14 Name Conv crit 1 O Step 15 CO Step 16 CO Step 17 O Step 18 CO step 19 CO Step 20 U Step 21 O Step 22 m o O Step 23 O Step 24 O Step 25 O Step 26 O Step 27 U Step 28 O Step 29 O Step 30 LI Step 31 U Step 32 O Step 33 O Step 34 O Step 35 CO Step 36 O Step 37 LI Step 38 O Step 39 C Step 40 LI Monitoring points at each iteration Monitoring points after load step 0 31 U A U N a gp Document matches its setting A 1 6 16 a4 21 0 x 29 7 cm Figure 104 The program window for the definition of alpha numerical output 84 5 5 Analysis Log Files The program ATENA 3D consists of several modules The two main modules are the graphical user interface GUI and the analysis module These two modules communicate with each other through the Microsoft component object model COM interfaces and also through four file streams The contents of these streams for each analysis step can be examined using the menu item Data Analysis progress information This action opens the following window on your computer screen Analysis progress information Analys
94. ted to form surfaces Surfaces can be used directly to define a solid or the extrusion feature can be used to create a new solid by extruding a surface along a predefined vector The easiest method is to create a solid using the parametric definition from simple entities such as columns beams or pyramids Some of these approaches will be used in this tutorial example The user 1s encouraged to explore the various items in the Input data tree in the window that is shown in Figure 20 This can provide the user with an overview of the various features available in ATENA for three dimensional solid modeling The current version of the program supports only straight lines Curved lines can be approximated by several linear segments The program includes tools for automatic generation of such piecewise linear segments for arcs and circles New macroelements ld LL LL Offset 0 0000 7 Re ST 5 w E EE Oe V Input data tree i a ves Vis 2 Ty PA Grid toolbar can be used to Joints Line modify the work plane and Surfaces Wes Openings ialog ZA grid settings 8 Simple objects O Extrusion O Ares crco Input data access tree activates This toolbar s used for definition of various entities HE selection of perspective isoparametric projection or fe quick view changes n Window for entities tables v Macroelement joints m u e pi eneration of s m le A Macr
95. ters v Surfaces Description v Contacts ur fy ae Global v Reinforcement nit system Metric V External cables 43 Global sol params Solution v Springs 5 Solver type standard Loading Solution geometrically nonlinear v Refinement wi v FE mesh Monitoring points Figure 3 Definition of global analysis attributes In this tutorial problem the Input for global structural parameters as well as solution parameters is shown 1n Figure 4 and Figure 5 Global structural parameters Information about the structure Description Reinforced beam 30 Moke Beam without shear reinforcement Unit system System Metric Decimal digits 4 Cancel Figure 4 Input of global structural parameters ATENA Engineering 3D Tutorial 9 Global solution parameters Parameters Solver type standard ae W Geometrically nonlinear analysis i Cancel Figure 5 Input of global solution parameters 3 13 Saving of Data At this point it is also recommended to save the new data under a new file into the working directory Use the menu item File Save as to locate an appropriate directory and save the new data for instance under the name Shear beam 3D C Tutorial problem 3D El Shear beam 3D cc3 D My Network File name Shear beam 3D cc3 Places Atena3D files ce3 Figure 6 Saving data using the File Save as menu item 3 2 Material Parame
96. ters Next step should be the definition of material groups and material properties Selecting the item Materials from the Input data tree opens the General data Materials table in the bottom right part of the program screen I Material name Material type Usage of the material Add Materials Number 0 0 Figure 7 The Materials table from which new materials can be added or existing materials can be modified or removed Clicking the Add button on the material table window creates a new material For the current problem 1t 1s necessary to define three material types one elastic material for the steel plates at support and loading points concrete material for the beam and reinforcement material There exist three methods for creating new materials see Figure 8 A new material can be defined directly using var ous ATENA material models or a previously saved material definition can be used The third method is to use a material definition from the available catalogue of materials The catalogue contains various material definitions based on the various national or international standards For the purpose of this tutorial let s use the direct definition 3 2 1 Steel Plates Material definition m EJ Material definition method Load From a File m Nest Cancel Figure 8 After selecting the Add button it is possible to specify how the new material will be created Material type Prop
97. to break the beam If the prescribed displacement is applied to a line it will be necessary to sum all the reactions at these nodes n order to obtain the total loading force This is of course also possible but in this example for demonstration purposes the prescribed deformation will be applied to a single node to simplify the monitoring of the results ATENA supports the application of load or boundary conditions only for geometrical entities The close examination of the top loading steel plate shows that there are no geometrical joints in the middle of the plate that could be used for the application of the prescribed deformation It is not possible to apply the prescribed deformation to the joints at the steel plate corners since this would result in un symmetric deformations with respect to the XZ plane Therefore it is necessary to include one more geometrical joint on the top of the loading steel plate Old Method NOT recommended in general This is accomplished by selection the item Topology Macroelements Edit in the Input data tree Then the macro element 2 should be selected This brings up the window for macro element editing that is shown n Figure 69 In this window the new joint can be added by manually defining its coordinates 0 165 0 095 0 35 The new joint is added to the geometry of the macro element 2 The program automatically recognizes that the joint lies on one of its lines During the mesh generation a finite e
98. to see the reinforcement in the interior see Figure 57 The next step is to select the reinforcement bar for copying This process is described step by step in Figure 58 If the three steps that are described in this figure are performed the appearance of the bottom window changes and it can be used now to define the parameters necessary for the copy operation This process as well as the copy parameters to be used are shown in Figure 59 46 Atena 3D Pre processor D Users Jc Work Tutorial Data Shear beam 3D v5 cc3 File Edit Input Data Show Settings Help mpun I Postprocesor De el Be z aeg HHA Hay Pe LH KB H FE Sp F Actual Load case LC 2 Prescribed defor v Activity all active Input data tree The new reinforcement bar s here O activity A O Construction casi Macroelements Contacts Reinforcement b External cables Joint springs Line springs Surface springs H O Load cases Joints Lines Surfaces Generation Joints Line Surfaces Macroelements Contacts O Solution parame O Analysis steps O Monitoring points v In order to see the reinforcement in the interior of the model the display of surfaces and FE mesh should be deactivated here urfaces a v Contacts Reinforcement v Ext
99. tton starts the numerical input of reinforcing bars This button will Yw be used for the definition of the two v Reinforcement joints v Reinforcement lines joints of the first bar v Global reinforcement v Global macroelements outlin Global macroelements filled Coordinate x Im v m z m Add Number 0 0 Table joints Add Quit Figure 50 The program window at the beginning of the reinforcement bar definition 42 In this example there are two reinforcing bars along the bottom side of the beam with diameter 26 mm The bar distance from the beam bottom surface is 0 05 m In this case the bar definition will start by defining the first bar which will be then copied to create the second one The definition of the first bar will start by direct numerical definition of the coordinates for the bar beginning and end The numerical definition is activated by selecting the Add button on the right from the Table of joints along the bottom part of the screen This opens a dialog that is shown in Figure 51 into which the coordinates of the two joints should be specified The first joint should have the coordinates 0 0 0 05 0 05 and the second one 1 225 0 05 0 05 New points Coordinate 0 0500 m 0 0500 m Quit Quit Figure 51 The coordinates of the first and second joint The Add button should be selected after the definition of each joint Parameter input Number
100. utomatic color scale is adjusted based on the maximal and minimal values of the active part of the analyzed structure In this case for instance it would be desirable to display only the concrete beam without the steel plates This feature is called activity in ATENA 3D and an activity can be selected n the Activity toolbar in the toolbar window on the left The activity list 1s currently empty since no activities have been defined so far New activities can be selected only in the pre processor List box for activity selection IT Manager for activity list modifications Figure 99 Activity toolbar Activity It is possible to return to the pre processing part of the program by selecting the button Preprocessor jn the top right corner of the post processing window This operation does not delete any of the calculated results The results can be however deleted automatically by the program if certain editing operations are performed n the post processor However the user is always notified and warned if certain operation can result in the loss of calculated results At any time it 1s possible to return to the post processor and continue with the post processing of the analysis results Once the pre processor 1s selected and ATENA changes to the pre processing mode a new activity can be defined by selecting the Activity item in the Input data tree on the left see Figure 100 80 Atena 3D Pre processor D Users Jc Wo
101. ve Number 0 1 v External cables v Springs v Loading Refinement v Mesh parameters Figure 48 Specification of mesh properties for macro element 1 Other items in the FE Mesh section of the Input data tree allow the user to define similar mesh parameters for joints lines surfaces or contacts They can be used to specify certain areas with mesh refinement However if areas with mesh refinement are selected it 1s often impossible to mesh the adjacent regions with hexahedral elements 1 e brick elements and tetrahedral finite elements must be used instead In the case of contacts it 1s possible to enforce compatible meshes on both side of the contact In general case ATENA supports contacts with incompatible meshes but this feature should not be used if it is important to properly model stresses and deformation in the contact area In the analyzed case the contact regions between concrete beam and steel plates should not have a great influence on the beam behavior so it is not necessary to enforce the full mesh compatibility on the two contacts Due to this assumption it is also possible to mesh the beam with brick elements and the plates with tetras This greatly simplifies the model definition but it 1s necessary to understand that this will result in certain incompatibilities in the displacement field on these contacts In this case it is not a big problem since in reality the connection among the steel plates and
102. would be necessary Such techniques are available in ATENA 3D but they will not be used in this example where Newton Raphson method and displacement load control 1s sufficient and will provide more robust results A loading history in ATENA 3D 1s defined in analogy to previous versions ATENA 2D and SBETA This means that first load cases are defined and then they are combined together to form a loading history for an analyzed structure In ATENA each loading step then represents a loading increment which 1s added to the previous loading history The load case definition starts by highlighting the Loading Load cases item in the Input data tree and clicking the Add button in the Load cases tables Figure 60 Atena 3D Pre processor D Users Jc Work Tutorial Data Shear beam 3D v5 cc3 File Edit Input Data Show Settings Help mrn amp Postprocesor Desi BB o A AB BE EB HB Ze LE 7 TZ Sam F Input data tree Figure 60 The load case definition ATENA Engineering 3D Tutorial 49 For this example two load cases are needed one containing the vertical and horizontal supports and second with the prescribed deformations at the top steel plate see Figure 61 and Figure 62 Mew load cases Properties Code Supports W Auto Prescribed deformation Temperature Shrinkage Pre stressing Number Figure 61 The first load cas

Parameter input - Cervenka Consulting

Contents

Download Pdf Manuals

Related Search

Related Contents