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Bode 100 User Manual

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1. Co py fram oom 9 Set the reference resistance Default 50 Q Measurement i l Reference Resistance 50 00 2 The reference resistance is used to calculate the reflection coefficient and the VSWR 10 Calibrate the measurement setup as described in 7 6 Calibration in the Frequency Sweep External Coupler Mode on page 91 Hint Due to the strongly varying parameters of directional couplers a calibration is mandatory before performing a measurement If you start a measurement in the Frequency Sweep External Coupler mode without calibration the following dialog box appears Calibration a No calibration data available for this measurement mode 2 User Calibration TX Probe Calibration Cancel 69 Bode 100 User Manual l In this case select the User Calibration or the Probe Calibration and then proceed as described in 7 6 Calibration in the Frequency Sweep External Coupler Mode on page 91 11 Connect the IF Filter to the Bode 100 and the 50 Q load to the output of the IF filter as shown below IF Filter 5 fd Hi i bs LU Vl OM sare Cerra al Ce 5 h S juartz Filter WE p Dipa a 0S 12 Activate both traces and set the parameters as shown below W Trace TR1 Color i Measurement Reflection gt Display Data Format Vow mas TEN min po Data gt Memory W Trace 2 TRZ Color E Measurement Impedance Displ
2. Advanced Functions To get back a predefined number of measurement points select the corresponding entry in the Number of Points list Figure 9 18 Selecting a predefined number of OMICRON Lab Bode Analyzer Suite NewBodeMeasurement Bode measurement points Fie Measurement Configuration Calibration Tools Help D GHSS DM a o 2 User Calibration GAIN ON 1P OFF 2b Probe Calibration GAIN OFF IMP OFF Sweep Trace 1 11 997361 MHz 0 833 dB Start Frequency 11 980 MHz 12 023239 MHz Diss Stop Frequency 12 040 MHz Center Frequency 12 010 MHz Span 60 000 kHz Sweep Mode Linear x Number of Points Configuration Attenuator CH1 16501 Attenuator CH2 20 dB Receiver Bandwidth fi kHz Measurement Reference Resistance 50 00 Q 11 990 12 000 12 010 12 020 12 030 fiMHz TR1 Mag Gain 119 Bode 100 User Manual 9 3 Level Shaping Figure 9 19 Select the Shaped Level function Figure 9 20 Open the Shaped Level window 120 By using the Shaped Level function available in the Frequency Sweep and Frequency Sweep External Coupler modes you can vary the Bode 100 output level within the frequency sweep range Possible applications for this functionality include e Avoiding nonlinearities during Control Circle analysis e g of DC DC converters e Reduction of noise or avoiding overloads for circuits showing a high dynamic variation of gain
3. The measurement period is automatically updated When using the same number of measurement points as before the sweep time is now much longer sweep time 13 06 ms 401 frequency points 5 23 s Hint Set the DUT s delay to zero after your measurement is completed to ensure the shortest sweep time possible for next measurements 117 Bode 100 User Manual Number of Measurement Points Figure 9 17 Entering the number of measurement points 118 Sometimes a very specific number of measurement points is required With the Bode 100 you can set any number of measurement points in the range 10 16501 To set the number of measurement points click in the Number of Points box and then enter the number of points you wish to use for your measurement OMICRON Lab Bode Analyzer Suite NewBodeMeasurement Bode File Measurement Configuration Calibration Tools Help IGH SB RA M alo Aas 2 User Calibration IMPOFF ON Probe Calibration SAIN OFF IMP OFF Sweep 11 997361 MHz 0 837 dB Start Frequency Han Cusor2 12023239 MHz 84 395 dB Stop Frequency 12040MHz Center Frequency 12010MHz Span 80 000 kHz Sweep Mode liner Number of Points 1100 Copy from Zoom Configuration Level 0 00 dBm Attenuator CH1 og x Attenuator CH2 ET Receiver Bandwidth ik Measurement 11 990 12 000 12 010 12 020 12 030 MHz Reference Resistance 50 00 Q TR1 Mag Gain
4. Frequency Sweep Mode Figure 5 1 Frequency Sweep mode window 5 Frequency Sweep Mode Sweep settings Set frequency sweep See Figure 5 2 Sweep settings on page 44 Cursor settings Set cursors and view measurement results See Figure 5 3 Cursor settings on page 44 OMICRON Lab Bode Analyzer Suite NewBodeMeasurement Bode Fie Measurement Configuration D GaS S D a IMP OFf 2 User Calibration AIN Sweep Start Frequency 9950MHz Stop Frequency 11 450 MHz Center Frequency 10 700 MHz Span 1 500 MHz Sweep Mode liner Number of Points fier Calibration M Configuration Level 0 00 dBm Attenuator CH1 ET Attenuator CH2 og gt Receiver Bandwidth ikHz x m Measurement Reference Resistance 50 00 Q Diagram setup See Figure 5 5 Diagram setup on page 46 Tools Help d FAB ON Probe Calibration Frequency Trace 1 10 700 MHz t 11 241866 MHz 10 2 10 4 10 6 10 8 11 0 fiMHz TR1 Mag Gain 10 2 10 4 10 6 10 8 1 0 fiMMHz TR2 Mag Reflection El il Export traces data Trace settings Define measurement format and display options See Figure 5 4 Trace settings on page 45 max Trace1 TR Color E Measurement Gan Display Daa x Format Mag dB v Ymax 21 254B Ymin 110 3748 Data gt Memory M Trace 2 TR2 Color ae Measurement Reflection Display Data Format Magd
5. Measurement ga I period Internal Sil External 265 24 ms reference reference SUN Level 0 00 dem OUTPUT Ok Cancel 84 Calibrating the Bode 100 4 Click ok 5 Choose either the Probe Calibration or the User Calibration and click the respective toolbar button User Calibration Impedance Gain Phase Replace DUT by thru cable Afterwards press Start to perfor Calibration Impedance Connect the corresponding part and perform the calibration by pressing the start button Advanced Ok Cancel Help 6 Connect the cable you want to use for the measurement to the OUTPUT connector of the Bode 100 Plug the BNC straight adapter on the other end of the cable to have the same reference plane for calibration 7 Click the Start button next to Open in the Impedance area of the calibration window After the calibration has been finished the field on the right displays Performed on green background 85 Bode 100 User Manual l 8 Plug the BNC short circuit on the straight adapter connected to the cable Hint If you use a short circuit other than the one delivered with your Bode 100 you can enter the short delay by clicking the symbol next to Advanced and typing the short delay time 9 Click the Start button next to Short in the Impedance area of the calibration window After the calibration has been finished the field on the right displays Performed on green b
6. 10 380 kHz 15 398 dB 392 839 mQ 15 845 Q Measurement Gain x Display Data gt Format Mag dB 7 Ymax 20 00dB Zoom Mode min i 00 00dB Optimize NAP ibg Data Memory Y Axis J to M ataia 7 Trace 2 TR2 Cursor 2 Jump to Min Color Copy 11 990 Copy with Settings Measurement Reflection Display Data TR1 Mag Gain Format Smith Ymax fi 29 Ymin 15 25 Data gt Memory Diagram Setup C Auto Always Two Diagrams TR2 Reflection Export Traces Data BJ074C 53 Bode 100 User Manual 14 To find the parallel resonance frequency of the quartz filter right click the curve in the upper diagram point to Cursor 2 and then click Jump to Min In the marked area of the Frequency Sweep mode window the series and parallel resonance frequencies and the corresponding measurement data are now displayed OMICRON Lab Bode Analyzer Suite NewBodeMeasurement Bode mef File Measurement Configuration Calibration Tools Help ISA SB RA D aoia aAA A2 User Calibration SAIN OFF IMP OFF ON Probe Calibration Ze Frequency Trace 1 Trace 2 W Trace 1 TR1 11 997400 MHz 0 871 dB 65 164 Q 7 483 Q 12 023200 MHz 88 411 dB 30 934 mQ 246 549 Q Color ME 25 800 kHz 87 540 dB 65 195 Q 254 032 Q Measurement Gain Display Data Format MagldB Ymax 20 0048 Ymin 100 00d8 Data gt M
7. 13 Select the Cursor 1 check box to activate the cursor and then set the cursor to the IF filter s center frequency of 10 7 MHz by entering 10 7 MHz in the respective box of the cursor spreadsheet OMICRON Lab Bode Analyzer Suite NewBodeMeasurement Bode mef File Measurement Configuration Calibration Tools Help DEUSAS Ph a BRAS 2 User Calibration GAIN OFF ON Probe Calibration A Frequency Trace 1 Trace 2 PM Trace1 TR1 50 595 Q Color Measurement Reflection 7 Display Data Format sir Ymax 1 10 Yin ho Data gt Memory Trace 2 TR2 Color Ap kaki i i Measurement Impedance x TR1 Vswr Reflection Display Data Format Polar TR2 Ohm Ymax 5 0002 Ymin 5 00 Data gt Memory M Diagram Setup C Auto ob o Kk Gas ki KO Always Two Diagrams TR2 Impedance Export Traces Data Result The VSWR of the IF filter at its center frequency is 1 012 The impedance graph shows an impedance of 50 59 and due to the very small positive phase shift a nearly pure resistive behavior 13 Bode 100 User Manual Sometimes external couplers help to make a match and to enhance the power Congratulation You learned how to use the Frequency Sweep External Coupler mode How to Connect an external coupler Set configuration parameters like the input resistor and bandwidth Calibrate and compensate the con
8. Calibration factor for the Impedance Reflection measurement frequency is calculated by linear interpolation Frequency Sweep Calibrates at the exact Calibrates the complete frequency points used for frequency range the sweep Calibration factors for the Frequency Sweep measurement frequencies External Coupler are calculated by linear interpolation You can activate the User Calibration and the Probe Calibration at the same time as shown below Figure 7 1 Activating User Calibration and 2 User Calibration IMP OFF T2 Probe Calibration IMP OFF Probe Calibration If both the User Calibration and the Probe Calibration are activated the more accurate User Calibration is used If measurement parameters are changed and the User Calibration becomes void the Bode 100 switches automatically to the Probe Calibration the User Calibration remains switched off until the Bode 100 is recalibrated 7 2 Calibration in the Gain Phase Mode Internal Reference Connection For calibrating the Bode 100 in the Gain Phase mode you find a practical example in 3 3 Example Gain Phase Measurement on page 24 Note The Probe Calibration is performed in the same way as the User Calibration 17 Bode 100 User Manual 7 3 Calibration in the Gain Phase Mode External Reference Connection CH1 To compensate for the cable and connection setup effects in the Gain Phase mode proceed as follows 1 Connect the Bode 100 and start
9. 25 J Trace 2 TR2 5 0 7 5 10 0 12 5 15 0 17 5 11 990 12 000 12 010 12 020 TR1 Data Memory Mag Gain BJ074C If the curve is above the 0 dB line the current measured data is higher than the stored measurement data If the curve is below the 0 dB line the currently measured data is lower than the stored measurement data Hint The Data Memory function allows you to detect even smallest differences between different parameters of the same component type e g comparison of two quartz filters of the same type Congratulation You learned how to use the data and memory functions in the Frequency Sweep mode How to e Copy the current measurement data to the trace memory e Compare the frequency responses e Detect even smallest differences between the current and stored measurement data by using the Data Memory display function 115 Bode 100 User Manual 9 2 Single Sweep DUT Delay Measurement Period Figure 9 15 DUT delay and Measurement period fields 116 Advanced Sweep Options In the Frequency Sweep and Frequency Sweep External Coupler modes you can choose between continuous sweep Jk and single sweep Ml measurements In most applications it is recommended to use the continuous sweep measurement since all measurement data is periodically updated You can use the single sweep Hl measurement to capture one time events or to produce a stable curve before using the Copy
10. 6 Replace the BNC short circuit with the BNC 50 Q load 7 For very accurate measurements or if you use a load resistor different from 50 Q click the symbol next to Advanced and then enter the exact resistance of the load resistor H Advanced Load Resistor 50 00 a Short Delay Time 50 00 pis Hint For more information on the advanced calibration settings see 7 4 Calibration in the Impedance Reflection Mode on page 83 8 Click the Start button next to Load in the Impedance area of the calibration window After the calibration has been finished the field on the right displays Performed on green background 59 Bode 100 User Manual 9 After the calibration has been finished the calibration window looks like shown below Probe Calibration Gain Phase Replace DUT by thru cable Afterwards press Start to perforn Calibration Impedance Connect the corresponding part and perform the calibration by pressing the start button H Advanced EEC JJ O a ip BN o cm e Hint The warning symbol indicates that the load resistor and or the short delay time value differ from the factory settings 10 Click k You have done the Impedance calibration in the Frequency Sweep mode 11 Reconnect the quartz filter to the Bode 100 as shown below 60 Frequency Sweep Mode 12 View the calibrated Smith chart OMICRON Lab Bode Analyzer Suite NewBodeMeasurement Bode SE File Measure
11. jImag Y pa KZ Eq 4 10 E p E R Xy a OE R Tey Eq 4 11 If Imag Y lt 0 1 L elma Eq 4 12 If Imag Y gt 0 _ Imag Y C aa Eq 4 13 where R parallel resistance X parallel reactance L parallel inductance C parallel capacitance Y 35 Bode 100 User Manual Figure 4 3 Resistor and inductor symbols according to ANSI Figure 4 4 Resistor and inductor symbols according to IEC 36 Depending on the regional settings of your computer the elements of the serial and parallel equivalent circuits are displayed according to the EC International Electronic Commission or ANS American National Standards Institute standards as shown below Parallel equivalent circuit Rp 8 093 0 d Lp 153 437 nH Q 8 334 Parallel equivalent circuit Fel ssa 0 at Lp 152 725 nH G 3 555 Note Capacitors have the same symbol 4 in both standards Impedance Reflection Mode 41 3 Quality Factor An ideal inductor will be lossless irrespective of the amount of current flowing through the winding An ideal capacitor will be lossless irrespective of the voltage applied to it However real inductors have a winding resistance due to the metal wire forming the coils and real capacitors have a resistance due to the used insulation material These resistances cause a loss of inductive or capacitive quality For serial equivalent circuits the quality factor Q is defined as the r
12. 0 860 dB MCursor2 12 023200 MHz 82 886 dB Color i delta C2 C1 25 800 kHz 82 026 dB Measurement Gain x Display TR1 dB Format MagldB iis Ymax 3 14dB 10 Ki N Ra N min 84 76dB 20 ka ee Data gt Memory 30 TF Trace 2 TR2 K y Measurement Reflection v A 7 Display Data 70 Format Maa dB a Ymax hooo 11 990 12 000 12 010 12 020 min 40 O0dB MERON TR1 Memory Mag Gain 40 50 5 Inthe Display list select Data amp Memory and then touch the housing of the quartz filter with your finger By doing this you shift the parallel resonance frequency of the filter 6 Mark the new parallel resonance frequency with the cursor 1 by using the Jump to Min function Right click the curve point to Cursor 1 and then click Jump to Min Figure 9 14 Setting the cursor 1 to the minimum Zoom Mode Optimize Axis Y axis kh Cursor 1 P Jump to Max il Copy Copy with Settings bd 7 Now you can measure the effect of touching the quartz filter by using the delta C2 C1 function 113 Bode 100 User Manual Hint Use the Zoom Mode function to get a better view The figure below shows a zoomed diagram showing the effect of touching the quartz filter s housing OMICRON Lab Bode Analyzer Suite NewBodeMeasurement Bode SEE Fie Measurement Configuration Calibration Tools Help IGH SB xx S n m O EAE 2 User
13. 4 i Quartz Filter gis e o HI P 8317 Note The IF filter is a two port device To ensure that the impedance of the filter is measured correctly its output must be terminated For measuring a one port device like a capacitor or an inductor no termination resistor is needed 88 17 Read the results OMICRON Lab Bode Analyzer Suite NewBodeMeasurement Bode File Measurement Configuration Calibration Tools Help D3H SA 2X Pi a 2 User Calibration m Source Source Frequency 10 700 MHz M Configuration Level 0 00 dBm Attenuator CH1 20 dB v Attenuator CH2 120 dB v Receiver Bandwidth 10 Hz v M Measurement Reference Resistance 50 00 Q Answers GAIN OFF AN Probe Calibration Impedance Real 51 774 Imag 229 66 Serial equivalent circuit Rs 51 774 9 IN Ls 3 416 nH m Admittance D 4 436 m e The real part of the impedance is 51 8 Q Calibrating the Bode 100 Real 19 314 Imag 85 677 Parallel equivalent circuit Rp 51 7752 gan Lp 173 609 pH D 4 436 m e The magnitude of the reflection coefficient is 35 1 dB M Reflection mox Mag dB 35 100 Phase 7 246 1 00 Your results may differ because every IF filter and measurement setup is slightly different N How to Connect the DUT had my first cable problem whe
14. External Coupler modes you can export the measurement data by clicking the Export Traces Data button In addition to the trace measurement data all equipment settings are exported into a comma separated csv file This file format can be easily processed by standard spread sheet analysis tools such as Excel The csv file always contains the real and the imaginary part of the measured parameter e g gain Additionally the measurement data in the selected output format is included Hint If you have selected Settings from last session the calibration settings of you last session are NOT loaded This is done on purpose since your measurement setup might have changed since you last used the Bode 100 If you want to load measurement settings including the calibration data use the Bode 100 file functions see 8 3 1 Loading and Saving the Equipment Configuration on page 98 However we recommend to recalibrate the Bode 100 each time you start a new work session 99 Bode 100 User Manual Figure 8 5 Displayed CSV file data Qe p p jei et Koi Gata ee e ir a Dad ee o EFL Bs tif EEUN pir a4 te r H i Bam O HG EF GR Cc D 1 Measurement Setup 2 Device Type Bode100 5erial Number BBO63B Date 04 05 2006 Time 11 25 3 Start Frequency 11 980500 MHz Stop Frequency 12039500 MHz Number of Points 401 5weep Mode Linear Reference Re 4 Source
15. Measurement Reflection Display See Data and Memory on Display Data page 111 Select the output format of trace 2 Format Magldb bad measurement results maw 24 deb Set the maximum value on the trace 2 Y axis AG ron 34 0195dE Set the minimum value on trace 2 the Y axis Data gt Memory Data gt Memory See Data and Memory on page 111 Select the check box to activate trace 2 45 Bode 100 User Manual Figure 5 5 Diagram setup Click Auto to display both traces in one diagram if possible Diagram Setup E Auto Always Two Diagrams Click Always Two Diagrams to display the traces in two separate diagrams Note Diagram Setup is only available if both traces are activated 5 1 Example Frequency Sweep Measurement Expected example duration 30 minutes In this example you will learn step by step how to use the Frequency Sweep mode of the Bode 100 How to e Visualize measurement data in a graph e Set configuration parameters like the input resistor and bandwidth e Set sweep parameters like start and stop frequencies e Use cursors to read single measurement points e Calibrate and compensate the cables 46 l Frequency Sweep Mode Let s examine the12 MHz quartz filter on the delivered printed circuit board PCB Questions How does the gain of the quartz filter look if displayed as a function of frequency How does the reflection coefficien
16. 0 135 el AA 13 40 short circuit 13 straight adapter 13 29 58 85 92 T adapter AA a 13 C calibration Gain Phase 29 78 82 Impedance 57 60 83 87 91 94 WEINER 264524044 saraa EErEE tea 75 probe 30 58 75 76 77 80 85 USO agas baa araw 30 76 77 80 85 109 CD ROM 2 aaa 13 15 configuration Frequency Sweep External Coupler mode 65 68 Frequency Sweep mode 47 50 Gain Phase mode 25 28 Impedance Reflection mode 39 40 connector CH 1 INPUT 05 11 CH 21INPUT 2642666 meme na ama biei 11 DC power supply 136 OUTPUT AA AA AA 11 WSE ma paka Ss ew ee eeu na abang pa 15 135 cursor functions 53 54 E equivalent circuit 35 37 external coupler 64 65 91 F filter away 13 24 30 37 41 65 73 83 89 quartz 13 47 61 112 115 frequency range changing arannana 98 133 G group delay 20 47 55 H MOG mpaw sa cheese acc KUA NATAMAAN 139 141 Bode 100 User Manual R IEG 01320 scat de arb ed a kalakhan a 12 receiver bandwidth 18 48 58 72 90 135 IF filter 13 24 30 37 41 65 73 83 89 reference impedance cece eee eee 34 conductance ana dam AY KW ha ees 34 installation gad Nanapak AANO 15 PAN
17. Channel 2 External Probe Hint Set the voltage ratio in the box hi if you use a probe instead of cable connection see 9 2 Advanced Sweep Options on page 116 6 Connect the IF filter to the Bode 100 as shown 2 Bode 100 User Manual 7 Click __ to close the Configuration window and to get back to the Gain Phase mode window 8 For a better view of the Gain Phase vector in the complex plane right click in the diagram and then click Optimize Zoom Mode Optimize Reset Axes Grid Copy Copy with Settings OMICRON Lab Bode Analyzer Suite NewBodeMeasurement Bode mef File Measurement Configuration Calibration Tools Help D GASAL S DM alo ARBs GAIN OFF 2 User Calibration F IMPOFF ZN Probe Calibration Source Result Source Frequency 10 700 MHz Mag dB 31 431 dB Phase 48 456 M Configuration Level 0 00 dBm Attenuator CH1 20 dB Attenuator CH2 20 dB 7 Receiver Bandwidth 10 Hz 0 020 0 010 0 000 0 010 0 020 ocr yf Result The IF filter has a magnitude of 31 43 dB at 10 7 MHZ Your result may differ because each IF filter is slightly different 28 Gain Phase Mode The phase readout of 48 5 is not the value you want to measure because it is the sum of the phase shift of the cables and of the IF filter To get the value of the IF filter only use the Gain Phase calibration to compensate the phase shift of the ca
18. Display list select one of the following Data to display the current measurement data Memory to display the stored measurement data Data Memory to display the difference between the current and the stored measurement data Data amp Memory to display the current and stored measurement data as two curves in the same diagram Hint The Data Memory option is particularly useful to compare two electrical components of the same type because even smallest differences in the frequency behavior can be detected easily Figure 9 13 Selecting Display function OMICRON Lab Bode Analyzer Suite NewBodeMeasurement Bode File Measurement Configuration Calibration Tools Help IA SAX pra HAH 2 User Calibration IMP OFF Frequency Trace 1 A ne ON Probe Calibration Color i Vi delta C2 C1 Measurement Gain Display Data Dat TR1 dB Format fz Pen Data Memory Ymax Data amp Memor Ymin 84 76dB Data 3 Memory pa J Trace 2 TR2 10 20 30 50 60 70 80 11 990 12 010 TR1 Mag Gain BJ074C 111 Bode 100 User Manual Example Using the data and memory functions Example duration 15 minutes In this example you will learn step by step how to use the data and memory display function in the Frequency Sweep mode How to e Copy the current measurement data to the trace memory e Compare the frequency responses e Detect even smallest differences be
19. H f o f phase of H f Tf group delay of H f V Si 2 a izj Eq 3 4 Yo _ Your Eq 3 Hf Eq 3 5 IN where Sf S parameter from port ito port j i j of the DUT H f transfer function of a two port device H f depends on the load of the port where Voyr is measured Vour voltage at the DUT s output V open circuit voltage of the source Vin voltage at the DUT s input Vow voltage at the channel 1 input Ver VOltage at the channel 2 input Z Input impedance of the DUT 00 Q source resistance Assumptions for measuring S f e The source with resistance R 50 Q is connected to port i e 50 Q load receiver resistance at port j measuring Voyy any other ports of the DUT are terminated with 50 Q e Connections are made with 50 cables Gain Phase Mode 3 1 1 Internal Reference Connection The basic formulas for the internal reference connection are summarized below Note In the internal reference connection mode of the Bode 100 the reference voltage for the gain phase measurement is always V 2 Table 3 1 Formulas for Internal Reference Connection Channel 2 Input Resistance a nea V H f CH2 Ven Z Yo S f of the DUT Eq 3 11 If you make a through connection If you make a through connection from the source to CH 2 from the source to CH 2 0 dB gain will be displayed since 6 dB gain will be displayed since Ver Vo 2 Vem
20. Level 8 50 dBm Receiver Bandwidth 1 kHz Reference Signal SourceVoltage Attenuator CH1 20 dB Attenuator CH2 KB 6 Frequency Hz Gain real Gain imag Gain dB T 11980500 0 0033605 0 044214011 27 06348769 8 119806475 0 003412268 0 044464519 27 0142265 9 11980795 0 003450016 0 0447 18488 26 96448491 10 11980942 5 0 003512635 0 044970448 26 91503923 11 11981090 0 003530398 0 045212718 26 86838855 12 11981237 5 0 003565708 0 045473528 26 81820582 13 11981385 000359676 0045713366 26 77233312 14 119815375 O 003614679 O 045994079 26 71923024 15 11981680 0 00367808 0 046268239 26 66698214 16 11981827 5 O 003663753 0 046548772 26 61472144 17 11981975 0 008727988 0 046870267 26 55466301 18 119821275 0 008801775 0047134063 26 5051395 19 11982270 0 003801345 0 047419862 26 45297495 20 119824175 0 003854507 0 047725281 26 39679358 21 11982565 O 0035904268 0 048051872 26 33721707 22 11982712 5 0 00397971 0 048379702 26 2 7818552 23 11982860 0 00397 6066 0 048671556 26 22560887 24 119830075 O 004031143 O 049006873 26 16557402 25 11983155 O 004060755 0 049327867 26 10887089 26 119833075 0 0041 18205 0 049676558 26 047227539 27 11983450 0004155664 0050016135 25 96791954 28 11983597 5 0 004201903 0 050368791 25 92665004 a maa a bada ba ja i To adapt the csv file to your requirements you can choose between different decimal and value separators To select the separators you want to use click Options on the Tools
21. Menu Command Description Opens the NewBodeMeasurement Bode file containing default settings Opens a Bode file containing EF Open saved settings and measurement data IH Save Saves the device configuration measurement settings calibration and measurement Save As data and the graphical display settings i Print a report containing the ca Print diagram measurement results and device configuration data A Print Preview Previews the print report Enables you to exit the Bode Analyzer Suite E Gain Phase Selects the Gain Phase measurement mode Selects the Ed Impedance Reflection Impedance Reflection measurement mode Frequency Swee Selects the Frequency Sweep j 7 p measurement mode Selects the Frequency Sweep External Coupler measurement mode Continuous Starts continuous Measurement measurements Starts a single frequency s Single Measurement 4 sweep measurement Stops measurement The last ui Stop Measurement 1 Only available in the Frequency Sweep modes Measurement i Frequency Sweep External Coupler 96 Common Functions Menu Command Deseripton A Enables you to configure the 4 Device Configuration Bode 100 Shows the connection of the Configuration Connection Setup DUT to the Bode 100 moa Search and Reconnects the Bode 100 with Reconnect Device the computer Starts the User Calibration User Calibration see 7 Calibrating the Bode 100 on page
22. SelectedDevice DeviceSetup Receivers 2 Attenuator Attenuator_dB10 myDocument SelectedDevice DeviceSetup Sources Level 20 20 dBm aren t possible is changed to 13dBm max Level myDocument SelectedDevice DeviceSetup Sources 1 0n True myDocument SelectedDevice DeviceSetup Sources 2 0On False Set mySelectedDevice myDocument SelectedDevice MsgBox Device Id amp mySelectedDevice Deviceld s Serial s mySelectedDevice SerialNumber s selected and ready to use Else No device connected MsgBox No device connected End End If myBodeApp Quit End Sub amp See Also Device Members For a complete description of the Bode Analyzer Automation Interface see the Bode Analyzer Automation Interface Reference To access it 1 On the taskbar click the Start button and then point to Programs 2 Point to Bode Analyzer Suite point to Automation and then click Automation Interface Reference Congratulation You learned e Basics of the Bode Analyzer Automation Interface About the object hierarchy of the used command structure e Where to look for further information on the Bode Analyzer Automation Interface gt Shout OLE to celebrate your new knowledge about the Bode Analyzer Automation Interface 131 Bode 100 User Manual This page intentionally left blank 132 Troubleshooting 11 Troubleshooting 11 1 USB Cable and or Power Supply to the Bode 100 Is Missing If the serial
23. and Impedance Reflection Mode 101 9 1 2 Frequency Sweep and Frequency Sweep External Coupler Mode 104 9 2 Advanced Sweep Options 0 0 00 ccc eee 116 9 3 LEVEL ONAPING Ganahan aa GA TA ALNG by oe DAL AA AA NA Naa SoS 120 OA SING IPIODCS 45 44 ma aa rate es Ho NG ere are ee ee oes 125 10 Automation Interface 0 AA 129 11 Troubleshooting 0 00 cee es 133 11 1 USB Cable and or Power Supply to the Bode 100 Is Missing 133 11 2 Lost Communication aaa 133 11 3 Cannot Select Frequencies Lower Than 10Hz 133 12 Technical Data a 0A AGAD K KAKANAN D O DID D ANNE RE AGA NGA 135 12 1 Bode 100 Specifications Aa 135 12 2 Power Requirements aa 136 12 3 Absolute Maximum Ratings ccc ee eee 136 12 4 Computer Requirements 0 0000 eee eee ees 137 12 5 Environmental Requirements a 137 12 6 Mechanical Data soi eid tate bad NA KAG OES E LHe deat dae eds 137 Contact Information Technical Support 00 cece eee eee 139 Li cetaetc duce recess AA AA ARA 141 Bode 100 User Manual This page intentionally left blank Using This Manual Using This Manual This User Manual provides detailed information on how to use all functions of the Bode 100 vector network analyzer properly and efficiently The Bode 100 User Manual is intended for all users of the Bode 100 providing instructions on the opera
24. menu click the CSV Export tab and then select the decimal and value separators Figure 8 6 Selecting the separators Options Startup Configuration Measurement CSW Export CSW Export Decimal Separator bd Value Separator i k Ok Cancel Help 100 Advanced Functions 9 1 9 1 1 Figure 9 1 Gain Phase and Impedance Reflection mode shortcut menu Advanced Functions The Bode 100 provides additional features extending the Bode Analyzer Suite functionality described in sections 3 to 8 of this User Manual This section describes these advanced functions which will make your daily measurement tasks with the Bode 100 even easier Advanced Display Options In all measurement modes the Bode Analyzer Suite provides several possibilities to visualize the measurement results according to your needs You can control these advanced display options through the shortcut menus and or buttons in the main window Gain Phase and Impedance Reflection Mode The shortcut menu in the Gain Phase and Impedance Reflection mode is shown below To open the shortcut menu right click a diagram in the graphical display Zoom Mode Optimize Reset Axes Polar Copy a Copy with Settings 101 Bode 100 User Manual Optimize The Optimize command allows you to optimize the diagram by scaling both axes so that you can see the complete measurement result in the highest possible resolution Figure 9 2 Diagram w
25. number field in the status bar displays No Device on red background then the Bode Analyzer Suite does not communicate with the Bode 100 ma Solution Connect the USB cable to the computer and the Bode 100 and check the power supply Then click the Search and Reconnect Device toolbar button Z4 to connect the Bode 100 with the computer 11 2 Lost Communication The loss of the power supply and other events can cause loss of communication between the Bode 100 and the computer In this case the serial number field in the status bar displays No Device on red background mog Solution Click the Search and Reconnect Device toolbar button to connect the Bode 100 with the computer 11 3 Cannot Select Frequencies Lower Than 10 Hz To activate the extended frequency range of 1 Hz 40 MHz click Options on the Tools menu click the Measurement tab and then select the Measurement Range 1 Hz 40 MHz option see 8 2 Setting the Measurement Range on page 98 Note The activation of the measurement range of 1 Hz 40 MHz will increase calibration times including the internal calibration performed at the startup and each time you reconnect to the Bode 100 133 Bode 100 User Manual This page intentionally left blank 134 Technical Data 12 Technical Data 12 1 Bode 100 Specifications Table 12 1 Bode 100 specifications Characteristic Frequency range 10 Hz 40 MHz or selectable by the 1 Hz 40 MHz Bode Analyzer Suite ex
26. or Copy with Settings function In the Configuration window you can find the DUT delay and Measurement period boxes Configuration Device Configuration Connection Setup Measurement Gain Phase C Impedance Reflection SOURCE Receiver RECEIVER 1 EG RECEIVER 2 ikh DUT dela 0 00 s Measurement period Internal 3 06 ms reference OUTPUT s OK Cancel The measurement period indicates the time the Bode 100 requires to perform measurement at one frequency point By multiplying this value with the selected number of measurement points you can get an estimate of the expected sweep time Advanced Functions Example Expected sweep time for 401 points and a measurement period of 3 06 ms sweep time 3 06 ms 401 frequency points 1 2 s Some devices under test require a settling time when the input frequency has been changed e g phase locked loops The DUT delay allows setting this waiting time Let s assume our DUT requires a 10 ms settling time each time the input frequency has changed To allow for this waiting time enter 10 ms in the DUT delay box Figure 9 16 Setting the DUT delay Configuration Device Configuration Connection Setup Measurement Gain Phase C Impedance Reflection SOURCE E Receiver RECEMER 1 DUT dela j 0 00 ma Measurement period Internal External 13 06 ms reference reference SUP Stub
27. within the frequency sweep range To activate the Shaped Level function 1 In the Configuration area click the Level arrow and then click Shaped Level Configuration Receiver Bandwidth 1 kHz gt 2 Click the Shaped Level button Configuration maa aco Attenuator CH1 o Attenuator CH2 2008 Receiver Bandwidth ikuz Advanced Functions In the Shaped Level window enter the frequencies and the delta output levels in dB relative to the reference level In the Output Level column the calculated output levels are displayed Figure 9 21 Enter frequencies and delta levels Shaped Level File Tools Help ok Nf cancel c2 Print 0 Print Preview Output Level Reference Level 0 00 dBm D Frequency Delta Level Output Level 20 000 kHz 5 00 dE 5 00 dBm o 100 000 kHz 15 00 dB 15 Do dBm 180 000 kHz 5 00 dE NO The green indicators next to the Output Level column signal that the output level is within the Bode 100 output level range 27 dBm 13 dBm If an entered delta level results in an output level outside the Bode 100 range the output level is limited accordingly The output level limiting is signaled by a red indicator see the following figure 121 Bode 100 User Manual You can shift the output level frequency characteristic up or down by changing the reference level in the Reference Level box Figure 9 22 Change reference level Shaped Leve
28. you can insert the data into all Windows software applications which support the insertion of graphical clipboard content Depending on the chosen Windows application the clipboard content is inserted as a graphic e g Microsoft Paint an editable text e g Microsoft Notepad or a graphic plus the settings in editable text format Microsoft Word 103 Bode 100 User Manual 9 1 2 Frequency Sweep and Frequency Sweep External Coupler Mode The shortcut menu in the Frequency Sweep and Frequency Sweep External Coupler modes is shown below To open the shortcut menu right click the diagram in the graphical display Figure 9 5 Frequency Sweep and Danaea Frequency Sweep Optinis External Coupler a Optimize mode shortcut menu Y Axis d Hg Cursor 1 Cursor 2 Copy Copy with Settings For the Reset Optimize Copy and Copy with Settings commands see 9 1 1 Gain Phase and Impedance Reflection Mode on page 101 104 J Advanced Functions Zoom Mode By using the Zoom Mode command you can select a zoom area for an in depth display of a part of the diagram The zoom function is a nice way to inspect particular parts of the measurement curve without having to change the measurement parameters Figure 9 6 Selecting the zoom area OMICRON Lab Bode Analyzer Suite NewBodeMeasurement Bode File Measurement Configuration Calibration Tools Help DS SB RK Pra eo AAS 2 User Calibration IMP OFF Ais Pro
29. 0 00 p i Measurement l Pa l l period ATIN 2 Internal Estemal 265 24 ms reference reference 2a Level 0 00 dEm OUTPUT 5 Set e SOURCE 10 7 MHz e Receiver bandwidth 10 Hz e Level O dBm 39 Bode 100 User Manual 6 Click the Connection Setup tab Configuration Device Configuration Connection Setup Q Fy i 3 ap F UN OMICRON Bode 100 LAB kad nn Fr an erent 5 BARE remna One Port DUT Channel External Probe Channel 2 External Probe The connection diagram shows how to connect the DUT to the Bode 100 Hint In the Impedance Reflection mode the channel 1 and channel 2 inputs are not used Consequently the External Probe boxes are unavailable 7 Connect the output of the Bode 100 to the input of the IF filter and the BNC 50 Q load to the output of the IF filter as shown IF Filter a 3 bel Ng m TE gt _ pe P Quartz Filter Ko it PI 32 DS 8 Click k to close the Configuration window 40 Impedance Reflection Mode 9 For a better view of the impedance admittance and reflection vectors in the complex plane right click in the respective diagrams and then click Optimize fa T5 Zoom Mode 50 eee optimize 25 Reset Axes o Grid 25 Copy 50 Copy with Settings T5 100 100 50 50 10 View the results OMICRON Lab Bode Analyzer Suite NewBode
30. 0 05 0 10 0 15 0 20 Split bar Drag the split bar to resize the panes Configuration and measurement setup Overload and connection indicators See Figure 3 2 Configuration and See Figure 3 5 Overload and measurement setup on page 18 connection indicators on page 19 Graphical display of measurement results Use the shortcut menu to optimize the display See Figure 3 4 Graphical display of measurement results on page 19 17 Bode 100 User Manual Figure 3 2 Configuration and measurement setup Source Set the output source Source Frequency 12 000 MHz generator frequency Configuration Set the output source Level 0 00 dEr generator level Select the channel 1 Attenuator CH1 i PI dE input attenuation Select the channel 2 Attenuator CHA 20 dB input attenuation Select the receiver bandwidth Il Hecelver Bandwidth 1 kHz Hint A higher receiver bandwidth allows faster measurements a lower receiver bandwidth increases the measurement accuracy Figure 3 3 Gain Phase mode results Select the output format of measurement results Mag dE h 1 545 db Display of measurement results in the selected Phase H 28 607 pama 18 Gain Phase Mode Figure 3 4 Graphical display of measurement results Zoom Mode Optimize Reset Axes Polar Copy Copy with Settings Right click in the diagram to open the shortcut menu Use the shortcu
31. 19 Results Select the result format and get result values See Figure 4 2 Impedance Reflection mode results on page 34 OMICRON Lab Bode Analyzer Suite NewBodeMeasurement Bode SE fie Measurement Configuration Calibration Tools Help D GHSS so RARA a User Calibration SIN OFF IM ON Probe Calibration ource I gt m Admittance Reflection Source Frequency 1 000 MHa Real v 111 102 mMHO Mag dB 36 508 mdB Imag 1 022 MHO Phase 177 784 Configuration Level 0 00 dBm Attenuator CH1 20 dB v Attenuator CH2 20 dB X Receiver Bandwidth 11 kHz v 0 50 0 00 Measurement mhO 0 50 0 00 0 50 Reference Resistance 50 00 Q Parallel equivalent circuit Rp 9 001 Q Rs 105 118 ma Ls 153 903 nH Lp 155 721 nH Q 9 199 Q21 Serial equivalent circuit Equivalent circuits View the equivalent circuits see 4 1 2 Equivalent Circuits on page 35 Reference resistance Overload and connection indicators Set the reference resistance see See Figure 3 5 Overload and 4 1 1 General Formulas on page 34 connection indicators on page 19 Configuration and measurement setup See Figure 3 2 Configuration and measurement setup on page 18 33 Bode 100 User Manual Figure 4 2 Impedance Reflection mode results 34 4 1 4 1 1 Select the output format of the reflection measuremen
32. 2 C Auto 19 Always Two Diagrams A ae v8 TR2 Vswr Reflection Export Traces Data BJ074C Note The window areas and screen elements in the Frequency Sweep External Coupler mode are the same as in the Frequency Sweep mode For their description see Figure 5 1 Frequency Sweep mode window on page 43 63 Bode 100 User Manual fai In the Frequency Sweep External Coupler mode you can perform a sequence of Impedance Reflection measurements by using an external directional coupler only or in combination with an external amplifier For some impedance measurement applications it is beneficial to use external couplers for an optimum adaptation of the Bode 100 to the test object see Figure 6 2 Connecting external coupler below Further on impedance measurements on some test objects such as medium wave antenna systems require higher signal levels than provided by the Bode 100 By using an external coupler it is possible to utilize an external amplifier to boost the Bode 100 source signal to the required output level see Figure 6 3 Connecting external coupler and amplifier below Figure 6 2 Connecting external coupler maa gt nng GC Bode 100 CMICRON H a i oa _ CA aa Figure 6 3 Connecting external coupler and amplifier 64 6 1 Frequency Sweep External Coupler Mode Hint By using an external amplifier and an external coupl
33. 29 Bode 100 User Manual Figure 10 1 Object hierarchy overview 130 Hint You can find a detailed overview of the Bode Analyzer Automation Interface object hierarchy in the Automation subdirectory of the Bode Analyzer Suite directory Figure 10 2 Example of code segment for accessing the Bode Analyzer Automation Interface on page 131 shows a typical code segment used to access functions of the Bode Analyzer Automation Interface In this example a Bode 100 unit is searched for and after a device has been found measurement parameters are set T Automation Interface Figure 10 2 Example of code segment for accessing the Bode Analyzer Public Sub Main Automation Interface Dim myBodeApp As New BodeAnalyzer BodeApplication Dim myDocument As BodeAnalyzer BodeDocument Dim mySelectedDevice As BodeAnalyzer Device B Example Visual Basic Set myDocument myBodeApp Document myDocument Devices ScanForDevices If myDocument Devices Count gt 0 Then select the first device myDocument Devices 1 SelectAndInit set default device settings myDocument SelectedDevice DeviceSetup Bandwidth Bandwidth Hz100 myDocument SelectedDevice DeviceSetup DUTDelay 0 000012 12 ps myDocument SelectedDevice DeviceSetup Channels 2 Terminations500hm True myDocument SelectedDevice DeviceSetup Channels 2 Probe ExternalProbe Probel0tol myDocument SelectedDevice DeviceSetup Receivers 1 Attenuator Attenuator dB0 myDocument
34. 7 1n the lower graph you see the Smith chart showing the reflection coefficient of the quartz filter To display only this chart clear the Trace 1 check box to deactivate trace 1 OMICRON Lab Bode Analyzer Suite NewBodeMeasurement Bode mfx Fie Measurement Configuration Calibration Tools Help IA SAX Pra eHABE 2 User Calibration P OFF OS Probe Calibration Frequency Trace 1 Trace 2 11 997400 MHz 64 147 Q 5 654 Q 12 023200 MHz 22 623 ma 246 740 Q 25 800 kHz 64 124 Q 252 394 Q m Trace 2 TR2 Color D Measurement Reflection Display Daa Format Smith x Ymax NE Ymin 125 Data Memory M Diagram Setup C Aut O Always Two Diagrams TR2 Reflection Export Traces Data Since the output of the DUT quartz filter is connected to the channel 2 input the measured impedance is the quartz impedance plus the 50 92 input impedance of the Bode 100 56 Frequency Sweep Mode For an idle quartz the trace should be nearly symmetrical against the real axis The reason why it is not is as follows We have used a cable to connect the quartz filter to the Bode 100 and therefore we measure a phase shift of the reflected voltage twice the shift of the cable itself We can remove this unwanted phase shift by using the Impedance calibration By calibrating the Bode 100 we move the Impedance Reflection reference plane to the end of the cable connected to the input of the DU
35. 75 Starts the Probe Calibration 8 Probe Calibration see 7 Calibrating the Bode 100 on page 75 Enables you to set the startup configuration see 8 3 1 Loading and Saving the Equipment Configuration on page 98 to select the Tools measurement range see 8 2 Setting the Measurement Range on page 98 and to set the CSV export options see 8 3 File Operations on page 98 Contents aang the Bode Analyzer Suite Calibration Opens the OMICRON Lab Bode 100 Web site Web site www omicron lab com Displays the Bode Analyzer Suite version 97 Bode 100 User Manual Figure 8 3 Setting the 8 2 measurement range 98 8 3 8 3 1 Setting the Measurement Range With the Bode 100 you can perform measurements within 10 Hz 40 MHz default frequency range and 1 Hz 40 MHz extended frequency range To select the measurement range click Options on the Tools menu click the Measurement tab and then select the frequency range for your measurement Options Startup Configuration Measurement Coy Export Measurement o i Measurement Range 10 Hz 40 MHz Measurement Range 1 Hz 40 MHz increased calibration time Cancel Hep File Operations The Bode 100 supports the following file operations Loading and Saving the Equipment Configuration You can store all settings of the Bode 100 including the device configuration measurement settings calibration and me
36. 8 Receiver Bandwidth ik x 11 9955 11 9960 11 9965 11 9970 11 9975 11 9980 11 9985 11 9990 Measurement MHZ Reference Resistance 50 00 Q TR1 Mag Gain me BJ074C 108 Advanced Functions By applying the Copy from Zoom function the frequency span is narrower resulting in a higher resolution of the measured curve Figure 9 11 Measured curve with sweep settings copied OMICRON Lab Bode Analyzer Suite NewBodeMeasurement Bode mef from the zoom area Fie Measurement Configuration Calibration Tools Help D GAUSAS n a o Fae A2 User Calibration IMP OFF OX Probe Calibration Sweep Frequency Trace 1 11 997400 MHz 0 868 dB Start Frequency 11 994999 MHz 7 Cursor 2 12 000042 MHz 16 637 Ab Stop Frequency 12 000043 MHz Center Frequency 11 997521 MHz Span 5 044 kHz Sweep Mode Linear v Number of Points fi 01 M Configuration Level Attenuator CH1 ET Attenuator CH2 ET Receiver Bandwidth ik x Measurement 11 9955 11 9960 11 9965 11 9970 11 9975 11 9980 11 9985 11 9990 fiMHz Reference Resistance 50 00 Q TR1 Mag Gain Eo l m After using the Copy from Zoom function the original sweep settings are lost If used the User Calibration is switched off too Hint Compare the frequency sweep settings before see Figure 9 10 Measured curve with initial sweep settings on page 108 and after applying the Copy from Zoom functio
37. 81 Bode 100 User Manual 10 The calibration is done and you can replace the BNC straight adapter with your DUT as shown below OO O M CG PAT al 82 Calibrating the Bode 100 7 4 Calibration in the Impedance Reflection Mode By calibrating the Bode 100 you can remove the effects of the connection setup on the accuracy of the measurement results in the Impedance Reflection mode Without calibration the reference plane of the impedance measurements is at the BNC connector of the Bode 100 source output Therefore if a DUT is connected through a cable the measured impedance is the combination of the cable s impedance and the DUT s impedance By calibrating the Bode 100 you can move the reference plane for the impedance measurement to the end of the connection cable and fully remove the influence of the cable In the Impedance area of the calibration window you can set the resistance of the load resistor and the short delay time as shown below User Calibration Impedance Gain Phase Replace DUT by thru cable Afterwards press Start to perforn Calibration M Impedance Connect the comesponding part and perform the calibration by pressing the start button Open Start Short Start Load Start ng 7 Enter the exact Enter the delay time of mai a resistance of the load the short circuit used for Lacap a TT used for calibration calibration Short Delay Time 50 00 ps Factory setting 50
38. Bode 100 User Manual Bode 100 User Manual Article Number VESD0661 Manual Version Bode100 AE 3 OMICRON Lab 2008 All rights reserved This User Manual is a publication of OMICRON electronics GmbH This User Manual represents the technical status at the time of printing The product information specifications and all technical data contained within this User Manual are not contractually binding OMICRON electronics reserves the right to make changes at any time to the technology and or configuration without announcement OMICRON electronics is not to be held liable for statements and declarations given in this User Manual The user is responsible for every application described in this User Manual and its results OMICRON electronics explicitly exonerates itself from all liability for mistakes in this manual Please feel free to copy this manual for your needs Windows is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation Excel is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation Visual C is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation MATLAB is a registered trademark of The MathWorks Inc LabVIEW is a registered trademark of National Instruments Contents Using This Manual m0 nG KAAU KGG NAPADAAN ee waa 7 Conventions and Symbols Used 0 0 a 7 Related Documents 0 00 ccc ee ee eee 7 1 INIFOGUGUON a ha KG KEB EMMA cere tee ESSI EARE NEDER seme renee 9 Tt OVO OW eee cae eeceeere bases does hee DADA AYA MLANA N
39. Calibration GAINOFF IMPOFF ON Probe Calibration Frequency Trace 1 F7 Trace 1 TR1 12 024100 MHz 85 869 dB Sursor2 12 023500 MHz 67 604 dB Color delta C2 C1 600 000 Hz 18 265 dB Measurement Gan x Display DatatMeme gt TR1 dB Format MagldB 55 kei Ymar 50 54d8 60 4 Ymin 83 830B 65 3 Data Memory 70 J Trace 2 TR2 pi Measurement Reflection Y 85 H Display Data Format Smith Ymax Tea TR1 Mag Gain Ymin j 25 TR1 Memory Mag Gain 75 80 12 016 12 018 12 020 12 022 12 024 12 026 12 028 Result Touching the quartz housing shifts the parallel resonance frequency by 450 Hz You might measure different values with your quartz filter 8 In the Display list select Data Memory and then touch the filter 114 Advanced Functions 9 Optimize the Y axis The diagram now displays the difference between the actual measurement data and the stored data OMICRON Lab Bode Analyzer Suite NewBodeMeasurement Bode mfx Fie Measurement Configuration Calibration Tools Help IGH SB Ss M alo Rae 2 User Calibration IMP ON Probe Calibration Frequency Trace 1 Trace 2 Trace 1 TR1 12 023650 MHz 15 555 dB Meursor2 12 023200 MHz 10 692 dB Color WI delta C2 C1 450 000 Hz 26 247 dB Measurement Gain 7 Display Data Memc gt TR1 dE Format Magde x 10 0 Ymax 13 11d8 75 Ymin 19 23dB 5 0 25 Data Memory j 0 0
40. G sawa WG AN einer 34 resistance adam La 34 42 50 56 69 reference connection oe Stema aa seam ach ae Bos wow da ae 23 L internal 0 0 ce eee eee ee eee eee 22 reflection coefficient level shaping 120 128 CM 34 37 42 47 56 69 84 89 M S manufacturer address 139 Service measurement range 97 98 133 OMICRON Lab address 139 shaped level 120 128 SIMULA CHAM awan bie ose eed 9 47 61 standard compliance 12 O SUPPON aaah GNG KAPRE a NANG DS ees 139 OMICRON Lab address 139 T technical support 139 polar curve ABAKA ee wae eed Go 71 power supply 13 15 133 136 POWENIN maana GN a taba ein aad acetate 15 U print function a othe see cll seh ancl An NAA MA 96 probe calibration 30 58 75 76 77 80 85 USB 61 8 Ree a eT ee E 13 15 133 CONNMGCION 2 44 n KNA AA hana 15 135 NLC ACE cap eee he baie oS Gals ban 9 12 15 Q specification 00 eee eee 12 l user calibration 30 76 77 80 85 109 QUAILY factor enc tid dea Gh marae deter weed NS 37 quartz filter 13 47 61 112 115 142 VSWR i ctdveresecaes 34 42 50 65 69 73 window Frequency Sweep External Coupler mode 63 Frequency Sweep mode 43 Gain Phase mode 17 Impedance Reflect
41. Level Ea a S a A nn aan O O mme oB TY mois TA TY Ca ATAT paaa aaa The figure shows the output level frequency characteristic after clicking Set as First 124 Advanced Functions 9 4 Using Probes With the Bode 100 you can use measurement probes for input channel 1 and input channel 2 Figure 9 25 Using a probe ry Using the probes is recommended in the following applications e Measurements at points within the DUT circuitry not accessible with BNC cables e Measurements of devices under test which are sensitive to capacitive or resistive influences e g resonant circuits 125 Bode 100 User Manual When using a probe consider the following instructions 1 Always set the correct probe ratio in the Connection Setup tab of the Configuration window You can choose between 1 1 10 1 or 100 1 Figure 9 26 Setting the probe ratio Configuration Device Configuration Connection Setup Thru Cable or Probe One Port DUT Channel 1 External Probe Channel 2 External Probe 10 1 100 1 126 Advanced Functions 2 For correct probe operation switch the input impedance of the channel connected to the probe to high impedance 1 MQ Figure 9 27 Setting high input impedance of channel 2 Configuration Device Configuration Connection Setup Measurement Gain Phase C Impedance Reflection SOURCE Receiver RECEIVER 1 Bandwidth RECEIVER 2 1 kHz ATTN 1 ATTN 2008 7 r
42. M controls the operation of the Bode 100 Install the Bode Analyzer Suite first before you connect the Bode 100 to the computer Put the Bode 100 CD ROM in the CD ROM drive and follow the instructions on the screen Select the 32 bit or 64 bit installation according to your computer s hardware For installation support visit the OMICRON Lab Web site www omicron lab com or contact your nearest support center see Contact Information Technical Support on page 139 Powering the Bode 100 Caution Before powering the Bode 100 using a DC power supply different from the one delivered with the Bode 100 check the polarity of its output voltage see 12 2 Power Requirements on page 136 The Bode 100 is powered with an external wide range AC power adapter Before powering the Bode 100 select the adapter s mains input plug fitting your power outlet Plug the adapter s DC output connector into the Bode 100 DC power input on the rear panel and the mains input plug into the power outlet Alternatively you can power the Bode 100 with any DC power supply meeting the power requirements specified on page 136 Connecting the Bode 100 to the Computer The Bode 100 communicates with the computer through USB interface see 12 4 Computer Requirements on page 137 Connect the Bode 100 USB connector on the rear panel to the USB connector of your computer using the USB cable delivered with your Bode 100 15 Bode 100 User Manual 2 4 How to Pr
43. Measurement Bode File Measurement Configuration Calibration Tools Help Dae se av Palo MHAR M 2 User Calibration SAIN OFF I DN Probe Calibration Source M Impedance Admittance Reflection Source Frequency 10 700 MHz Real 52 734 0 Real 7 18 962 mMHO Mag dB x 31 414 dB i Imag 381 562 mQ Imag 137 201 pMHO Phase x 7 732 mhO Configuration Level 0 00 dBm pra 0 010 Attenuator CH1 20 dB v 0 005 0 010 0 000 Attenuator CH2 20 dB x a 0 005 0 010 0 010 0 000 Receiver Bandwidth 110 Hz pw 0 015 0 020 0 010 0 000 Measurement mhO 0 020 0 000 0 020 Reference Resistance 50 00 Q Serial equivalent circuit Parallel equivalent circuit Rp 52 737 Q Rs 52 734 Q Cs 38 983 nF Cp 2 041 pF Q 7 236 m Q 7 236 m BJ074C Result The measured values of the IF filter at 10 7 MHZ are e Reflection coefficient 31 4 dB e Impedance nearly 50 Q Again your results may differ because every IF filter and measurement setup is slightly different Hint To increase the size of the diagrams make the window larger or hide the left pane by clicking the split bar To restore the left pane click the split bar again 41 Bode 100 User Manual After this example get a glass of water to increase your reflection mode and your attention bandwidth Then try things out and right click and left click to everything that does no
44. N anaes 9 Te BiCCK DIGG 244402 eben ee hha ee he eee AY 10 lao CONG 2 44 ce hchaeundveoneg eee ss vo be bane conte MA AG NAG NG 11 1 4 Standard Compliance 0 0 ce es 12 1 5 Normative Conformity 0 0 0 0 0 ce eee 12 1 6 Test Compliance 0 0 00 ee eens 12 lat DENON chanda eeu me bed ons b der ved ooee ee bed ewe te LEE ue 13 2 GOING EO aah AG ELENA BAET cha eae eee eden A 15 2 1 Installing the Bode Analyzer Suite 0 0 6 06 ees 15 2 2 Powering the Bode 100 00 0 ee 15 2 3 Connecting the Bode 100 to the Computer 15 2 4 Howto Proceed 0 cc eee eee 16 3 Gain Phase Mode cee cee ees 17 Sd BI OS xa GIA INAANO ooe eu eee NANA Gee eee DNA ene bere BEA Ee 20 3 1 1 Internal Reference Connection 0 000 21 3 1 2 External Reference Connection 21 3 2 Choosing the Reference Connection 0 000 eee eee 22 3 3 Example Gain Phase Measurement 00000 eee eee 24 4 Impedance Reflection Mode 00 eee e eee eee 33 ME Je 2oa o8 oeeveshee Gach sent be cou ceseeaone ieee ee 555 vex 34 4 1 1 General Formulas aa 34 4 1 2 Equivalent Circuits 0 cc ee es 35 4 1 3 Quality Factor 0 0 eee 37 4 2 Example Impedance Reflection Measurement 37 Bode 100 User Manual Frequency Sweep Mode 4 nA ne aiden cece weew eee eiiaeias 43 5 1 Example Frequency Sweep M
45. Q Factory setting valid for Sn the short circuit delivered with the Bode 100 50ps MSOMUUUUBUEQUNAN ANAN Ok Cancel Help Hint If the entered values of the load resistor and or the short delay time differ from the factory settings a yellow warning symbol appears after the Advanced area has been collapsed Example Measure the input impedance of the IF filter at the BNC connector of the PCB and not the impedance at the input of the cable connecting the filter Expected example duration 20 minutes In this example you will learn step by step how to use the calibration of the Bode 100 in the Impedance Reflection mode 83 Bode 100 User Manual How to e Eliminate the effect of the cable e Connect the cable in the open short and load condition e Connect the DUT Questions e What is the real part of the impedance in Q e What is the reflection coefficient in dB To find out the answers proceed as follows 1 Click the Impedance Reflection toolbar button FE to switch to the Impedance Reflection mode 2 Click the Device Configuration toolbar button 4 to open the Configuration window 3 Because we want to test the 10 7 MHz IF filter set e SOURCE 10 7 MHz e Receiver bandwidth 10 Hz e Level 0 dB Configuration Device Configuration Connection Setup SENSE Receiver 0 700 MHz RECEIVER 1 Hera RECEIVER 2 110 Hz ATTN 1 EE ATIN ela 2008 7 jos 20dB
46. T 5 2 Impedance Calibration Now we perform the Impedance calibration This type of calibration is also described in 7 4 Calibration in the Impedance Reflection Mode on page 83 1 Click the Probe Calibration toolbar button st Probe calibration to open the calibration window Probe Calibration Gain Phase Replace DUT by thru cable Afterwards press Start to perfom Calibration Impedance Connect the corresponding part and perform the calibration by pressing the start button Advanced a Ok Cancel Help 97 Bode 100 User Manual 2 Connect the cable you want to use for the measurement to the OUTPUT connector of the Bode 100 Plug the BNC straight adapter on the other end of the cable 3 Click the Start button next to Open in the Impedance area of the calibration window After the calibration has been finished the field on the right displays Performed on green background With the measurement settings the calibration may take about 35 seconds Hint You can reduce the calibration time by setting fewer measurement points a wider receiver bandwidth or by choosing the Probe Calibration 4 Plug the BNC short circuit on the straight adapter connected to the cable 58 Frequency Sweep Mode 5 Click the Start button next to Short in the Impedance area of the calibration window After the calibration has been finished the field on the right displays Performed on green background
47. Yo 3 1 2 External Reference Connection Independent of the selected input impedance at the channel 1and channel 2 inputs the following formulas apply Vom Yin Eq 3 14 Vem Your Eq 3 15 V V H f Hf a a Eq 3 16 IN 21 Bode 100 User Manual 3 2 Choosing the Reference Connection Open the Configuration window by clicking Device Configuration on the Configuration menu or the Device Configuration toolbar button 4 see 3 3 Example Gain Phase Measurement on page 24 By default the Device Configuration tab is selected To connect the reference internally set the marked configuration field as shown below Configuration Device Configuration Connection Setup SOURCE Receiver i 2000 MHz O RECEIVER 1 Bagabag RECEIVER 2 1 kHz z DUT dela 0 00 Measurement period 3 06 mg Internal External reference reference Level 0 00 dem OUTPUT Cancel Note The source signal is internally connected to the channel 1 input in front of the 50 source resistor channel 1 voltage Voy V 2 as defined in 3 1 Basics on page 20 22 Gain Phase Mode To connect the reference externally 1 Set the marked configuration field as shown in the following figure Configuration Device Configuration Connection Setup SOURCE Receiver f 3000 MH RECEIVER 1 Bend RECEIVER 2 1 kHz 7 DUT dela 0 00 Measurement period Internal Externa
48. ackground 10 Replace the BNC short circuit with the BNC 50 Q load 11 For very accurate measurements or if you use a load resistor different from 50 Q click the symbol next to Advanced and then enter the exact resistance of the load resistor 86 Calibrating the Bode 100 12 Click the Start button next to Load in the Impedance area of the calibration window After the calibration has been finished the field on the right displays Performed on green background 13 After the calibration has been finished the calibration window looks like shown below User Calibration Impedance Gain Phase Replace DUT by thru cable Aftenvards press Start to perforn Calibration Impedance Connect the corresponding part and perform the calibration by pressing the start button Advanced KG Ke FE GA a Ri a a JEB OK Cancel Help Hint If the entered values of the load resistor and or the short delay time differ from the factory settings a yellow warning symbol appears after the Advanced area has been collapsed 14 Click __ You have done the Impedance calibration 87 Bode 100 User Manual 15 Open the Configuration window by clicking the Device Configuration toolbar button 4 to see how to connect your DUT to the Bode 100 Configuration Device Configuration Connection Setup T i ER One Port DUT Channel 1 External Probe Channel 2 External Probe 16 Connect the test object
49. agram Setup C Auto Always Two Diagrams TR2 Reflection Export Traces Data BJ074C Result The group delay T at the series resonance frequency of the quartz filter is 314 2 us Due to the high attenuation at the parallel resonance frequency it is not possible to measure the group delay at the quartz filter s parallel resonance Your result might be slightly different because even quartz filters show variations in their electrical characteristics 16 For the measurement of the series resistance of the quartz filter we will use the Smith chart The Smith chart displays the reflection coefficient see Eq 4 3 on page 34 in the complex plane The horizontal axis represents the real component and the vertical axis the imaginary component of the DUT s reflection coefficient The central point of the Smith chart corresponds to the 55 Bode 100 User Manual case when the DUT s impedance equals the reference resistance and consequently the reflection coefficient is zero Additionally the Smith chart contains circles with constant resistance R and constant reactance xX This diagram format allows an easy translation of any point of the reflection coefficient curve into the corresponding DUT s impedance The cursor values displayed in the Smith chart format are the real and imaginary components of the corresponding DUT s impedance For more information on the Smith chart refer to the relevant technical literature 1
50. andwidth 10 Hz v 0 020 0 010 0 000 0 010 0 020 ro Em Result The transfer function of the IF filter has a magnitude of 31 49 dB and a phase shift of 61 8 at 10 7 MHz Again your results may differ because every IF filter and measurement setup is slightly different Hint You can toggle between the measurement results with calibration and without calibration by clicking the GAIN ON toolbar button sai on 30 Gain Phase Mode Congratulation You learned how to use the Gain Phase mode How to e Measure the gain and phase shift of a DUT using a sinusoidal signal at a certain frequency e Set the bandwidth attenuators and amplitude of the Bode 100 e Optimize the diagram gt e Compensate the connection cables in the Gain Phase mode As OMIfuzius said Only Go back to the overview chart at 3 Gain Phase Mode on page 17 and try applied knowledge different settings to check out their effect on the measurement changes the world We are responsible to change it to the better 31 Bode 100 User Manual This page intentionally left blank 32 Impedance Reflection Mode 4 Impedance Reflection Mode Figure 4 1 Impedance Reflection For the description of the menu bar Graphical display of measurement results mode window toolbar and calibration bar see Use the shortcut menu to optimize the display 8 Common Functions on page 95 See Figure 3 4 Graphical display of measurement results on page
51. aphical user interface GUI of the Bode Analyzer Suite Beside this very comfortable user interface for laboratory use the Bode 100 provides also an all purpose application programming interface API for interfacing with the Bode 100 The Bode Analyzer Automation Interface supports OLE automation and allows quick access of the Bode 100 using OLE compatible controllers such as Excel or programming languages like Visual C This allows simple integration of the Bode 100 into automated measurement setups Additionally by using the Bode Analyzer Automation Interface you can directly control the Bode 100 with programs such as LabVIEW and MATLAB The Bode Analyzer Automation Interface is automatically installed during the Bode Analyzer Suite installation and is available for use as soon as a Bode 100 unit is connected to your computer You do not need to start the Bode Analyzer Suite to access the Bode Analyzer Automation Interface Figure 10 1 Object hierarchy overview on page 130 shows an overview of the command structure for the Bode Analyzer Automation Interface Note An overview on the measurement functions available through the Bode Analyzer Automation Interface is provided in the Automation Interface Object Hierarchy and in the Automation Interface Reference Both documents are located in the Automation subdirectory in the Bode Analyzer Suite directory You can find detailed information how to access this directory on page 131 1
52. asurement data and the graphical display settings by clicking the Save toolbar button lp see Table 8 1 Menus and commands on page 96 Hint This functionality allows you to store multiple equipment configurations for repetitive measurement tasks With the equipment configurations stored you can load the respective files for each measurement instead of setting the Bode 100 manually A saved file containing the Bode 100 settings has the Bode extension The file is stored in XML format and can be viewed with standard Web browsers or a simple text editor tool Figure 8 4 Common Functions Setting the startup configuration 8 3 2 After loading a Bode file the stored measurement data is displayed To preserve these values the measurement is held the Stop Measurement toolbar button is activated In this state you can change display options and use cursors to read measurement data To continue with your measurement click the Continuous Measurement toolbar button P Hint To ensure that the Bode 100 starts with the same configuration as in your last session click Options on the Tools menu click the Startup Configuration tab and then select Settings from last session Options Startup Configuration Measurement CSW Export Startup Configuration Pag Load Default Settings Settings from last session Ok Cancel Help Exporting Measurement Data In the Frequency Sweep and Frequency Sweep
53. atio of the reactance to the resistance at a given frequency For parallel equivalent circuits the quality factor Q is defined as the ratio of the resistance to the reactance at a given frequency The Q factor is a measure of the inductor s and capacitor s efficiency The higher the Q factor of a capacitor or inductor the closer the capacitor inductor approaches the behavior of an ideal lossless component The Q factor calculated using the serial equivalent circuit is given by _ Imag Z X i Os Real Z 7 R Eq 4 14 and using the parallel equivalent circuit is given by IL _ mag Ph Rp Q Real Y L T Eq 4 15 R 4 2 Example Impedance Reflection Measurement Expected example duration 20 minutes In this example you will learn step by step how to use the Impedance Reflection mode of the Bode 100 How to e Measure the reflection coefficient at a frequency e Set the bandwidth and amplitudes used for the measurement e Connect the DUT for the impedance and reflection measurement e Optimize the diagrams e Work with the serial and parallel equivalent circuits Question What is the reflection coefficient in dB of the delivered IF filter input at 10 7 MHz 3 Bode 100 User Manual To find out the answer proceed as follows 1 Connect the Bode 100 and start the Bode Analyzer Suite Hint If you see the serial number of your Bode 100 on the lower right side of the status bar then your Bode 100 is working properl
54. ay Data Format Polar Ymax 3 510 min EET Data gt Memory 70 Frequency Sweep External Coupler Mode OMICRON Lab Bode Analyzer Suite NewBodeMeasurement Bode mef File Measurement Configuration Calibration Tools Help D aLa pra o BRR 2 User Calibration GAIN OFF me on ON Probe Calibration Sweep Trace 1 M Trace 1 TR1 Start Frequency 8 700 MHz Color ae Stop Frequency 12 700 MHz Measurement Reflection Display Daa x 10 700 MH km il Center Frequency z O o Span 4 000 MHz orm Sweep Mode Linear min 1 00 Number of Points 201 Data Memory Copy from Zoom m W Trace 2 TR2 M Configuration Color 90 95 10 0 105 11 0 11 5 Level z 0 00 dBm fiMMHz Measurement Impedance TR1 Vswr Reflection Display Data E Attenuator CH1 20 dB Format Polar TR2 Ohm Attenuator CH2 20 dB Ymax 5 09 Receiver Bandwidth fi kHz Ymin 5 000 Data 3 Memory Measurement Reference Resistance 50 00 Q Diagram Setup C Auto Pa BR oOo Ooh wo Lp Always Two Diagrams 4 46 48 50 52 54 TR2 Impedance In the upper graph you see the reflection of the IF filter in VSWR format Even outside its passband the VSWR of the filter is quite good this indicates that the input impedance of the filter in the measured frequency range Is very close to 50 Q in general The lower graphs sh
55. basic block diagram of the Bode 100 see Figure 1 1 Block diagram on page 10 The Bode Analyzer Suite runs on a computer connected to the Bode 100 through USB interface Sam Q N O O aa 1 2 Block Diagram Figure 1 1 32J1nos jeubis sqa 19 0J U000 J01 Y 1Nd1Nno 322 J9 UI asn 191809 HO 9av J9 J9AU00 LAdNI L HO dib aon ndul Jamod 9g 491190817 HO Gv 1NdNI 2 HO ons Block diagram 10 Introduction 1 3 Connectors A Figure 1 2 Bode 100 front view Figure 1 3 Bode 100 rear view Caution To avoid damage of the Bode 100 check 12 3 Absolute Maximum Ratings on page 136 for maximum input signals at the CH 1 INPUT and CH 2 INPUT connectors and maximum reverse power at the OUTPUT connector The Bode 100 provides the following connectors e OUTPUT signal source output on the front panel e CH 1 INPUT channel 1 input on the front panel e CH 2 INPUT channel 2 input on the front panel e DC power input on the rear panel e USB connector on the rear panel DC power input 11 Bode 100 User Manual Table 1 1 1 4 Standard compliance Table 1 2 1 5 Conformity documents 1 6 Standard Compliance The Bode 100 complies with the following standards Standard IEC 61326 EMC requirements Class B equipment Performance criterion B Universal Serial Bus USB Specification USB interface Revision 1 1 and R
56. be Calibration SAIN OFF IMP OFF Trace 1 11 997400 MHz 0 862 dB Start Frequency 11 980 MHz ia 19 023200 MHz AAE Stop Frequency 12040MHz Center Frequency 12010MHz Span 60 000 kHz Sweep Mode Liner x Number of Points o Copy from Zoom Sweep M Configuration Level 0 00 dBm Attenuator CH1 og x Attenuator CH2 ET Receiver Bandwidth iku x Measurement 11 990 12 000 12 010 12 020 12 030 Reference Resistance 50 00 2 TR1 Mag Gain fiMHz eo NG 105 Bode 100 User Manual Figure 9 7 Displaying the zoom area OMICRON Lab Bode Analyzer Suite NewBodeMeasurement Bode mef File Measurement Configuration Calibration Tools Help IGA SB 2A M ao a RRNA User Calibration IMP OFF OS Probe Calibration seen Frequency Trace 1 Trace 2 Stop Frequency 12 040 MHz Center Frequency 12 010 MHz Span 60 000 kHz Sweep Mode Linear gt Number of Points 401 x Configuration Level 0 00 dBm Attenuator CH1 20dB Attenuator CH2 20 dB Receiver Bandwidth 1kHz KA 11 993 11 994 11 995 11 996 11 997 11 998 11 999 12 000 fiMHz Reference Resistance 50 002 TRI Mag Gain In the Zoom Mode the measurement is still performed in the whole frequency sweep range span the zoom area applies only to the graphical display Compare the sweep settings in Figure 9 6 Selecting the zoom area and Figure 9 7 Displaying the
57. bles Continue the example and calibrate the Bode 100 to get the phase shift of the IF filter 1 Replace the IF filter with the BNC straight adapter f f 2 Click the User Calibration toolbar button A sr calibration to open the calibration window 3 In the calibration window click Start in the Gain Phase area User Calibration Gain Phase Gain Phase Replace DUT by thru cable Afterwards press Start to perom Calibration Impedance Connect the comesponding part and perform the calibration by pressing the start button Advanced x cm e The calibration takes only a few seconds The Gain Phase mode is now calibrated for the current specific measurement setup 29 Bode 100 User Manual 4 Click 5 Reconnect the IF filter Hint If you change settings you must repeat the User Calibration If you use the Probe Calibration Pete caitratin instead you can change settings without repeating the calibration For more information see 7 Calibrating the Bode 100 on page 75 OMICRON Lab Bode Analyzer Suite NewBodeMeasurement Bode mef File Measurement Configuration Calibration Tools Help D GUSAR DM alo MEAS 2 User Calibration IMP OFF DS Probe Calibration m Source Result Source Frequency 10 700 MHz Mag dB 31 487 dB Phase 61 838 Configuration Level 0 00 dBm Attenuator CH1 20 dB X Attenuator CH2 120 dB 7 Receiver B
58. e v Ymax 24 13dB Ymin 41 68dB Data gt Memory SViagram Setup C Auto Always Two Diagrams Export Traces Data BJOF4C Export traces as CSV file See 8 3 2 Exporting Measurement Data on page 99 Note Only window areas specific for the Frequency Sweep mode are explained For window areas common to other measurement modes see Figure 3 1 Gain Phase mode window on page 17 and Figure 4 1 Impedance Reflection mode window on page 33 43 Bode 100 User Manual Figure 5 2 Sweep settings Figure 5 3 Cursor settings 44 In the Frequency Sweep mode you can perform a sequence of Gain Phase and or Impedance Reflection measurements and examine the results in different types of diagrams Sweep ees c 9950 MHz Set the frequency sweep tart Frequency start frequency l Set the frequency sweep Stop Frequency 11 450 MHz stop frequency C F 10 700 KH Set the frequency sweep enter PeQuerICH Z center frequency l 1 500 MH Set the frequency sweep Span n span Click Linear or l Linear Logarithmic to select 3 WEED Mode Linear ki the respective scale of measurement points Number of Points fi 601 Set the number of Copy trom oom measurement points Copy from Zoom ee Copy from Zoom on page 107 Hint The start frequency stop frequency center frequency and span are mutually dependent After one of them has been changed the others settings are recalc
59. e size of the diagrams OMICRON Lab Bode Analyzer Suite NewBodeMeasurement Bode Fie Measurement Configuration Calibration Tools Help D SULAS S D a BAE 2 User Calibration GAINOFF IMPOFF ON Probe Calibration iced 7 Trace1 TR1 Color ay delta C2 C1 Measurement Gan Display Data x TR1 dB Format Mag dB Ymax 20 0048 pa Ymin 100 008 30 Data Memory W Trace 2 TR2 Color M 11 990 Measurement Reflection gt Display Data TRN Magisan Format Smith Ymax fi 25 Yimin i 25 Data gt Memory m Diagram Setup C Auto Always Two Diagrams TR2 Reflection Export Traces Data In the upper graph you see the gain of the quartz filter You can use the cursors to measure the series and parallel resonance frequencies 12 Select the Cursor 1 and Cursor 2 check boxes to activate the cursors 52 Frequency Sweep Mode 13 To find the series resonance frequency of the quartz filter right click the curve in the upper diagram point to Cursor 1 and then click Jump to Max OMICRON Lab Bode Analyzer Suite NewBodeMeasurement Bode Sle File Measurement Configuration Calibration Tools Help IG SB Rs pn ale FAR A2 User Calibration GAINOFF IMPOFF ON Probe Calibration GAIN OFF IMP OFF Frequency Trace 1 Trace 2 Trace 1 TR1 12 007468 MHz 31 362dB 471 092m 265 663 Q 12 017848 MHz 46 759 dB 78 253MQ 249 818 Q Color M
60. easurement 46 5 2 Impedance Calibration eens 57 Frequency Sweep External Coupler Mode 000008 63 6 1 Example Frequency Sweep External Coupler Measurement 65 Calibrating the Bode 100 00 es 75 TA Calibration MEIN OOS acct cue erence bs avant a ene eae ale eee Sa AKA NGA EL 75 Tl Pi0be Calibra sosterrar NAB RAANG NORA MAAN ANG 75 Talag USEFCAIIDFAIION 44 umaasa che ede exch PNU KA ADE AGAD AKNG 76 7 1 3 Hierarchy of Calibration Methods 77 7 2 Calibration in the Gain Phase Mode Internal Reference Connection n anana a 77 7 3 Calibration in the Gain Phase Mode External Reference Connection CH1 78 7 4 Calibration in the Impedance Reflection Mode 83 7 5 Calibration in the Frequency Sweep Mode 90 7 6 Calibration in the Frequency Sweep External Coupler Mode 91 COMMON FUNCHIONS ei0s ver dedeatendatewniasde KAANAK MD ANNA eee 95 8 1 Toolbars Menus and Commands 0000 eee eee eee 95 8 2 Setting the Measurement Range 0 00 eee eee eee 98 8 5 Tile OPCLAHONS paaa naa an aaa BO Seas eee eee Suwa eae 98 8 3 1 Loading and Saving the Equipment Configuration 98 8 3 2 Exporting Measurement Data AA 99 Advanced Functions a BAGY PAG a hae eva ea at 101 9 1 Advanced Display Options 0 0 a 101 9 1 1 Gain Phase
61. ed at the source frequency In the Frequency Sweep modes the calibration is performed at the exact frequencies specified by the measurement points The User Calibration allows changing the following parameters without the need of recalibrating the Bode 100 e Source level e Attenuator 1 and attenuator 2 e Receiver bandwidth e Zoom without the Copy from Zoom function see Copy from Zoom on page 107 The User Calibration will be switched off automatically if one of the following parameters is changed e Frequency values e Sweep mode linear logarithmic e Number of measurement points in the Frequency Sweep modes e Reference mode internal external reference e Conversion ratio of external probes see 9 4 Using Probes on page 125 e Input resistance of channel 1 and or channel 2 low high impedance e Zoom with the Copy from Zoom function see Copy from Zoom on page 107 Calibrating the Bode 100 Hint Use the User Calibration for the highest accuracy of measurement results or if you want to compensate for highly frequency selective components in your measurement setup such as narrow band measurement probes 7 1 3 Hierarchy of Calibration Methods The following table gives an overview of the Bode 100 calibration methods Table 7 1 Calibration methods Measurement Mode User Calibration Probe Calibration Gain Phase Calibrates at only one Calibrates the complete frequency frequency range measurement frequency
62. emory Trace 2 TR2 Color il 11 990 12 010 Measurement Reflection Display Data 7 MailSee Format Smith Ymax 1 25 Ymin 1 25 Data Memory M Diagram Setup C Auto Always Two Diagrams TR2 Reflection Export Traces Data Results Cursor 1 marks the series resonance frequency of 11 997 MHz and an attenuation at the series resonance frequency of 0 871 dB Cursor 2 marks the parallel resonance frequency of 12 023 MHz and an attenuation at the parallel resonance frequency of 87 725 dB 54 Frequency Sweep Mode 15 To measure the group delay of the quartz filter at its series resonance frequency select Tg in the Format list The following figure shows the group delay measured by Trace 1 at the series resonance frequency marked by cursor 1 OMICRON Lab Bode Analyzer Suite NewBodeMeasurement Bode mfx Fie Measurement Configuration Calibration Tools Help NGH SB 2A M a Rawle 2 User Calibration GAIN OFF IMP OFF ON Probe Calibration Frequency Trace 1 E ea Ma 314 210 ps 63 639 Q 12 023350 MHz 1518ms 232 904 mQ 287 132 Q Color 25 950 kHz 1 203 ms 63406Q 252014Q Measurement Gain gt Display Data hd ei Ymax 389 89ps Ymin a 28ms Data Memory W Trace2 TR2 Color 11 990 12 000 12 010 12 020 Measurement Reflection KI Display Data x Format Smith 7 TR1 Tg Gain Ymax 1 25 min 1 25 Data Memory Di
63. enuator CH2 120 dB v Receiver Bandwidth 1 kHz v Hint If you see the Bode 100 serial number in the status bar on the lower right side of the window then the Bode Analyzer Suite communicates with the Bode 100 Otherwise check whether your Bode 100 is connected and powered properly and then click the Search and Reconnect Device toolbar button A 3 Click the Device Configuration toolbar button 4 to configure the Gain Phase mode 25 Bode 100 User Manual 4 In the Configuration window set Configuration Device Configuration Connection Setup SOURCE i 0 700 MHz RECEIYER 1 Internal reference Level 0 00 dEm OUTPUT External relerence e SOURCE 10 7 MHz e Receiver bandwidth 10 Hz e ATTN 1 channel 1 input attenuator 20 dB e ATTN 2 channel 2 input attenuator 20 dB Receiver Bandwidth 10 Hz DUT dela 0 00 Measurement period 265 24 me e The switch FA before ATTN1 to the internal source as reference aan e Level 0 dBm Hint Setting the receiver bandwidth to 10 Hz makes the readout more stable but also makes the measurement slower 26 Gain Phase Mode 5 Click the Connection Setup tab Configuration Device Configuration Connection Setup a Ng oo OMICRON LL Bode 100 LAB N re i a Te Two Port DUT Channel 1 External Probe Channel 2 External Probe The connection diagram shows how to connect the DUT to the Bode 100
64. er this frequency directly in the frequency box next to the respective cursor O Frequency Trace 1 Trace 2 25 372 dB F 34 897 dB Cursor2 11 241666 MHz 88 824 dE 25 452 dB delta C2 C1 541 566 kHz 53 452 dB 9 416 dE By clicking the _ Copy ftomZoom button you can copy the start and stop frequencies of the zoom area to the sweep settings keeping the number of measurement points constant This function is especially useful to measure a detail of a curve with a higher resolution Note The Copy from Zoom command is available once the Zoom Mode has been activated 107 Bode 100 User Manual The following figure shows a zoom area of an measurement Due to the low number of measurement points within the area the displayed curve is not smooth Figure 9 10 Measured curve with initial sweep settings OMICRON Lab Bode Analyzer Suite NewBodeMeasurement Bode File Measurement Configuration Calibration Tools Help D aSa S Paleo AA User Calibration GAIN ON 1P OFF ON Probe Calibration GAIN OFF IMP OFF Sweep Trace 1 11 997400 MHz 2 051 dB Start Frequency 11 980500 MHz uisor2 12 023200 MHz 74 402 dB Stop Frequency 12039500 MHz Center Frequency 1200MHz Span 59 000 kHz Sweep Mode Linear z Number of Points iow Copy from Zoom Configuration TR1 dB Level gt 0 00 dBm Attenuator CH1 og x Attenuator CH2 20
65. er you can protect the Bode 100 inputs from reverse power emitted by the DUT e g radio waves received by a broadcast antenna Example Frequency Sweep External Coupler Measurement Expected example duration 30 minutes In this example you will learn step by step how to use the Frequency Sweep External Coupler mode of the Bode 100 How to e Connect an external coupler e Set configuration parameters like the input resistor and bandwidth e Calibrate and compensate the connection system e Display reflection in VSWR format e Display impedance in polar format e Remove the effect of noise Let s examine the delivered IF filter when connected to the Bode 100 by a 50 Q directional coupler Questions e What is the VSWR of the IF filter within its passband e How does the impedance of the IF filter look in the polar format e What is the exact impedance and VSWR of the filter at its center frequency of 10 7 MHz To find out the answers proceed as follows 1 Connect the Bode 100 to the computer and start the Bode Analyzer Suite 2 Click the Frequency Sweep External Coupler toolbar button 4 to switch to the Frequency Sweep External Coupler mode 3 Click the Device Configuration toolbar button 4 to configure the Frequency Sweep External Coupler mode 65 Bode 100 User Manual 4 Set e CH1 50 Q9 ON e CH2 50Q9 ON Configuration Device Configuration Connection Setup SOURCE Sweep RECEIYER 1 I
66. es effects of cables and broad band probes If you want to compensate frequency selective probes or if your cable length exceeds 10 m it is recommended to use the User Calibration see 7 1 2 User Calibration on page 76 The Probe Calibration allows changing the following parameters without the need of recalibrating the Bode 100 e Frequency values e Sweep mode linear logarithmic e Number of measurement points in the Frequency Sweep modes e Source level e Attenuator 1 and attenuator 2 e Receiver bandwidth e Zoom with 4 without the Copy from Zoom function see Copy from Zoom on page 107 19 Bode 100 User Manual 76 7 1 2 KI User Calibration The Probe Calibration will be switched off automatically if the following parameters are changed e Reference mode internal external reference e Conversion ratio of external probes see 9 4 Using Probes on page 125 e Input resistance of channel 1 and or channel 2 low high impedance Hint Use the Probe Calibration if measurement parameters have to be changed often during the measurements You will save time because you do not need to recalibrate the Bode 100 each time you changed the parameters User Calibration The User Calibration is the most accurate calibration method available with the Bode 100 The User Calibration is performed directly at the exact measurement frequencies In the Gain Phase and Impedance Reflection measurement modes the Bode 100 is calibrat
67. esistor and bandwidth e Set sweep parameters like start and stop frequencies e Use cursors to read single measurement points e Calibrate and compensate for the cable Frequency sweepers Go back to the Frequency Sweep mode window in 5 Frequency Sweep Mode have an easier time to on page 43 and try things out get the picture 62 Frequency Sweep External Coupler Mode 6 Frequency Sweep External Coupler Mode Figure 6 1 Frequency Sweep External Coupler mode window OMICRON Lab Bode Analyzer Suite NewBodeMeasurement Bode Sele File Measurement Configuration Calibration Tools Help Mee Sa RA Palo RRR 2 User Calibration SAIN OFF ON Probe Calibration Sweep Frequency Trace 1 m Trace 1 TR1 Start Frequency 10 000 Hz Color Pia Stop Frequency 12 000 MHz Measurement Reflection Display Data 6 000005 MH Center Frequency 2 TR1 dB Format MagidB Span 11 999990 MHz Ymax 500d Sweep Mode Linear Ymin 55 00dB Number of Points 401 v Data gt Memory U from Zoom Trace 2 TR2 M Configuration Color ay DO Oo O th O EF x Level 0 00 dBm fiMHz Measurement Reflection A O RF TR1 Mag Reflection Display Data H iii Format VSWR Attenuator CH2 20 dB v T 250 Receiver Bandwidth 100 Hz 7 min 1 00 l 18 Data gt Memory Measurement 1 6 Reference Resistance 50 00 ia Diagram Setup 1
68. evision 2 0 Normative Conformity The Bode 100 conforms to the following normative documents of the EU Document Description tt Poono Ca electrical devices for use of certain voltage limits with changes due to the CE designation standard 93 68 EWG 89 336 EWG About electromagnetic compatibility changed by the standard of the Council from 1991 04 29 91 263 EWG the standard of the Council from 1992 04 28 92 31 EWG and the standard of the Council from 1993 07 22 93 68 EWG Test Compliance The Bode 100 passed the tests according to the EN IEC 61010 1 IEC 61326 Introduction 1 7 Delivery 4 kol Bode 100 multifunctional Wide range AC power vector network analyzer supply including mains input plugs for different national standards Test objects ona PCB USB cable 4 x BNC 50 cable quartz filter IF filter m m BNC short circuit m The delivered items may differ slightly from the picture BNC 50 Q load m Bode 100 User Manual 13 Bode 100 User Manual This page intentionally left blank 2 3 Getting Started Getting Started Caution Before installing the Bode 100 check the environmental and power requirements see 12 Technical Data on page 135 Installing the Bode Analyzer Suite Caution Install the Bode Analyzer Suite from the delivered CD ROM before connecting the Bode 100 to the USB connector of your computer The Bode Analyzer Suite on the delivered CD RO
69. he Sweep area of the Frequency Sweep mode window should now look like below Sweep Start Frequency 11 980 MHz Stop Frequency 12 040 MHz Center Frequency 12 010 MHz Span 60 000 kHz Sweep Mode liner Number of Points ants Hint A setting which results in an out of range frequency for any other parameter will be corrected to ensure that all sweep frequencies start stop center are within the range of 10 Hz 40 MHz or 1 Hz 40 MHz if you selected the extended measurement range see 8 2 Setting the Measurement Range on page 98 Set the reference resistance Default 50 Q Measurement y l Reference Resistance 50 00 63 The reference resistance is used to calculate the reflection coefficient and the VSWR Frequency Sweep Mode 10 Activate both traces and set the parameters as shown below W Trace TR1 Color Measurement Gain Display Data bd Format Mag dB max 20 00dB f min a 00 0006 Data gt Memory W Trace 2 TRZ Color Measurement Display Reflection Data bd Format Smith mas ii 25 min 1 25 Data gt Memory 11 If you have a larger screen you can adjust your window size Move the mouse to the lower right corner of the window 28 and drag the corner 51 Bode 100 User Manual Hint In addition to resizing the window you can click the split bar to hide the left and right panes to increase th
70. ion mode 33 143 Bode 100 User Manual This page intentionally left blank 144
71. ith default settings D 5 D 4 0 3 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 1 O 2 O 3 O 4 0 5 0 5 D4 0 3 0 2 0 1 O0 01 D2 03 04 0 5 Figure 9 3 Diagram after applying Optimize 0 025 D 020 0 015 o 010 0 00S o 000 0 005 0 010 0 015 0 020 0 025 0 020 0 010 o 000 o 010 O 020 Reset Axes The Reset Axes command resets both axes of the diagram to the default values 102 Advanced Functions Zoom Mode Figure 9 4 Selecting zoom area Copy Copy with Settings After clicking Zoom Mode the pointer changes to a magnifying glass when you move it over the diagram Press and hold the left mouse button to select the zoom area After releasing the left mouse button the diagram is rescaled to display the zoomed area 0 025 0 000 0 025 0 050 0 075 0 100 0 125 0 150 0 175 0 050 0 000 0 050 0 100 To switch off the zoom mode right click in the diagram and then click Zoom Mode to cancel the selection To zoom out right click in the diagram and then click Reset Axes To optimize the graphical display right click in the diagram and then click Optimize By clicking Copy you copy the complete agram to the clipboard Thereafter you can insert the diagram into all Windows software applications which support the insertion of graphical clipboard content By clicking Copy with Settings you copy the complete diagram as well as all relevant equipment settings to the clipboard From there
72. l File Tools Help g OK Cancel cs Print 0 Print Preview Output Level Reference Level fa Frequency s Delta Level Output Level 20 000 kHz 5 00 dE 13 00 dBm e 100 000 kHz 15 00 dE 5 00 dE m 180 000 kHz 5 00 dE e o Preview Output Level Hint Based on the entered delta level the calculated output levels at 20 kHz and 180 kHz are outside the level range of the Bode 100 Therefore the values are limited to the maximum possible output level and the red indicators are activated 122 Advanced Functions You can shape very steep slopes by entering two delta levels at the same frequency To select either the rising or falling edge adjust the sequence of the delta levels 1 Click in the respective frequency cell 2 Right click in the selected frequency cell and then click Set as First or Set as Second Figure 9 23 Original characteristic Shaped Level File Tools Help ok Nf cancel css Print 0 Print Preview E Output Level Reference Level 0 00 dEm 11 Frequency Delta Level Output Level a eT 0 O nme TA O e 5mb SBa one SOB dBm O m AA ee The figure shows the output level frequency characteristic before clicking Set as First 123 Bode 100 User Manual Figure 9 24 Characteristic with changed slope Shaped Level File Tools Help ok Nf cancel cs Print Print Preview Output Level Reference Level 0 00 46m a Frequency Delta Level Output
73. l 3 06 ms reference reference Level 0 00 dEm OUTPUT Note The source signal is externally connected to the channel 1 input behind the 50 Q source resistor channel 1 voltage Vey Vy as defined in 3 1 Basics on page 20 2 Connect the reference point of the DUT to the CH 1 INPUT connector using a cable 23 Bode 100 User Manual 3 3 Example Gain Phase Measurement Expected example duration 20 minutes In this example you will learn step by step how to use the Gain Phase mode of the Bode 100 How to e Measure the gain and phase of a DUT with sinusoidal signal at a frequency e Set the bandwidth attenuators and amplitudes of the Bode 100 e Optimize the diagram e Compensate the connection cables in the Gain Phase mode Question What is the magnitude in dB of the delivered IF filter at 10 7 MHz These types of 10 7 MHz filters are used in FM radios 24 Gain Phase Mode To find out the answer proceed as follows 1 Connect the Bode 100 and start the Bode Analyzer Suite 2 Click the Gain Phase toolbar button F OMICRON Lab Bode Analyzer Suite NewBodeMeasurement Bode Sle Fie Measurement Configuration Calibration Tools Help D GHLAS Pi a o 2 User Calibration ON Probe Calibration M Source Result Source Frequency 1 110 MHz Mag dB 94 641 dB Phase 129 926 M Configuration Level 0 00 dBm Attenuator CH1 20 dB v Att
74. ment Configuration Calibration Tools Help IA RA Palo RAB 2 User Calibration GAIN OFF ON Probe Calibration Frequency Trace 2 T Trace 1 TR1 11 997595 MHz 70 01 2 Cursor 2 12 024557 MHz 256 48 Q Color C Td 2 C1 26 962 kHz 186 47 Q Measurement Gan x Display Data X Format Magde v Ymax 20 00dB Ymin E 00 00dB Data gt Memory delta C2 C1 Trace 2 TR2 Color D Measurement Reflection gt Display Daa Format Smith x Ymax fi 25 Yimin AA 25 Data Memory M Diagram Setup kuto KO reales avs T WO Diagrams Reflection Export Traces Data AKOOSA 13 Calculation of the series resistance R at the series resonance frequency To calculate the series resistance of the quartz filter you need to subtract 50 Q from the real part measured with cursor 1 The reason for this is that the reflection measurement circuit sees the quartz filter in series with the 50 Q termination of the channel 2 input The Trace 2 columns of the table display the real and imaginary parts of the measurement results at the frequencies marked by the cursors Result R 70 01 9 50 Q 20 01 Q Your result may slightly differ because every quartz filter and measurement setup is different 61 Bode 100 User Manual Congratulation You learned how to use the Frequency Sweep mode How to e Visualize measurement data in a graph e Set configuration parameters like the input r
75. n was born but luckily the midwife solved that problem e Eliminate the effect of the cable Connect the cable in the open short and load condition Congratulation You learned the calibration of the Bode 100 in the Impedance Reflection mode 89 Bode 100 User Manual 90 7 5 Calibration in the Frequency Sweep Mode In the Frequency Sweep mode you can perform Gain Phase and Impedance Reflection measurements Therefore both the Gain Phase and the Impedance calibration are available The actually performed measurements depend on the measurement type assigned to Trace 1 and Trace 2 m I Trace1 TR1 Display Data j Format Magde 7 Ymax 20 00dB min 100 008 Display Data T Format M agldB Ymax 10 0008 40 00d8 min Data gt Memory To perform the Gain Phase calibration in the Frequency Sweep mode proceed as described in 3 3 Example Gain Phase Measurement on page 24 For the Impedance calibration see 5 2 Impedance Calibration on page 57 Hints The calibration time for the User Calibration depends on the number of measurement points and the selected receiver bandwidth The calibration time required for the Probe Calibration depends only on the selected receiver bandwidth When working with the Bode 100 at frequencies below 10 Hz the calibration can be quite long 7 6 Calibrating the Bode 100 Calibration in the Fre
76. n see Figure 9 11 Measured curve with sweep settings copied from the zoom area above 109 Bode 100 User Manual Special Zoom In the Zoom Mode when moving the pointer over an axis the pointer becomes Function a double headed arrow Then click the left mouse button to zoom in and the right mouse button to zoom out respectively Figure 9 12 Special zoom function applied on Y axis OMICRON Lab Bode Analyzer Suite NewBodeMeasurement Bode File Measurement Configuration Calibration Tools Help Dee SA Ss Pra eHABE AA User Calibration IMP OFF OX Probe Calibration Sweep Trace 1 Start Frequency 11 996 MHz Stop Frequency 12000MHz Center Frequency 11 998 MHz Span 4 000 kHz Sweep Mode Linear x Number of Points ios Lopy from Zoom TR1 dB M Configuration Level 0 00 dBm Attenuator CH1 og x Attenuator CH2 ET Receiver Bandwidth ikuz x Measurement Reference Resistance 50 00 Q 11 9965 11 9970 11 9975 11 9980 11 9985 11 9990 TR1 Mag Gain Edi MG BJO74C Hint This function is also available in the Gain Phase mode and in the Impedance Reflection mode 110 Advanced Functions Data and Memory With the Bode 100 you can copy the current measurement data into the trace memory and display it To store and display the measurement data 1 Click the DatasMemon button to store the current measurement data into the trace memory 2 In the
77. ncel Hep 91 Bode 100 User Manual 92 3 Plug the BNC straight adapter on the end of the cable Click the Start button next to Open in the Impedance area of the calibration window After the calibration has been finished the field on the right displays Performed on green background Plug the BNC short circuit on the straight adapter connected to the cable Click the symbol next to Advanced and then enter the short delay time only if you use a short circuit other than the one delivered with your Bode 100 Click the Start button next to Short in the Impedance area of the calibration window After the calibration has been finished the field on the right displays Performed on green background Calibrating the Bode 100 8 Replace the BNC short circuit with the BNC 50 Q load Ea 3 X ES 9 For very accurate measurements or if you use a load resistor different from 50 Q enter the exact resistance of the load resistor in the respective box in the Advanced area of the calibration window 10 Click the Start button next to Load in the Impedance area of the calibration window After the calibration has been finished the field on the right displays Performed on green background 93 Bode 100 User Manual 11 After the calibration has been finished the calibration window looks like shown below User Calibration External Coupler Gain Phase Replace DUT by thru cable Afterwards press Start t
78. nection system Display reflection in VSWR format Display impedance in polar format Remove the effect of noise Go back to the Frequency Sweep External Coupler window in 6 Frequency Sweep External Coupler Mode on page 63 and try things out 74 Calibrating the Bode 100 7 Calibrating the Bode 100 The Bode 100 can compensate effects of the measurement setup like cables and probes Further on the overall accuracy may be improved by calibrating the Bode 100 e g if the operating temperature is outside the range specified in 12 5 Environmental Requirements on page 137 7 1 Calibration Methods The Bode 100 supports two calibration methods the Probe Calibration optimized for measurements which require frequent changes of measurement settings and the User Calibration for most accurate results Note During startup the Bode 100 executes an Internal Calibration algorithm During this calibration internal attenuators and amplifiers are measured and calibrated 7 1 1 Probe Calibration x probe Calibration The Probe Calibration of the Bode 100 allows you to change several measurement parameters without the need of recalibration During the Probe Calibration calibration factors are determined at factory defined frequencies within the complete frequency range The calibration factors for the frequency points used by the current measurement settings are then obtained by interpolation Hint The Probe Calibration compensat
79. nfigurations The buttons have no impact on the measurements performed by the Bode 100 you select the measurement in the Measurement lists in the Trace 1 and Trace 2 areas see Figure 5 4 Trace settings on page 45 To see the device configuration the Bode 100 uses for the Impedance Reflection measurement just click the Impedance Reflection button Hint With a narrow receiver bandwidth like 30 Hz the measurement is very selective Only little noise will affect the measurement and consequently the measurements will be more stable but the sweep will be slow The receiver bandwidth of 3 kHz will perform the fastest sweep Frequency Sweep Mode 5 Click the Connection Setup tab Configuration Device Configuration Connection Setup Two Port DUT aisi One Port DUT Channel 1 External Probe Channel 2 External Probe fin E The connection diagram shows how to connect the DUT to the Bode 100 Channel 2 External Probe Hint Use the fi box to set the voltage ratio when you use a probe instead of cable connection see 9 4 Using Probes on page 125 6 Connect the quartz filter to the Bode 100 as shown 49 Bode 100 User Manual 50 Click 9k to close the Configuration window and to get back to the Frequency Sweep mode window Set the sweep frequencies Start frequency 11 98 MHz Stop frequency 12 04 MHz Number of points 401 The other settings will be automatically calculated and t
80. nternal reference OUTPUT l Li External reference Receiver Bandwidth RECEMER 2 1 kHz z DUT dela 0 00 Measurement period 3 06 mg Hint To match the impedance of the directional coupler the input resistances of the channel 1 and channel 2 are set to 50 Q 66 Frequency Sweep External Coupler Mode 5 Click the Connection Setup tab Configuration Device Configuration Connection Setup mi Bode 100 Y One Port DUT k g input kQutput e g Antenna Forward Reflected Directional Coupler Channel 1 External Probe Channel 2 External Probe E E The connection diagram shows how to connect the DUT as well as the directional coupler to the Bode 100 67 Bode 100 User Manual 6 Connect the directional coupler to the Bode 100 as shown pr m 7 Click k to close the Configuration window and to get back to the Frequency Sweep External Coupler mode window 68 Frequency Sweep External Coupler Mode 8 Set the sweep frequencies e Start frequency 8 7 MHz e Stop frequency 12 7 MHz e Number of points 201 The other settings will be automatically calculated and the Sweep area of the Frequency Sweep External Coupler mode window should now look like below gt Sweep Start Frequency 8700MHz Stop Frequency 12700MHz Center Frequency 10 700MHz Span 4 000 MHz Sweep Mode Linesa Humber of Points on
81. o perfor Calibration Impedance Connect the corresponding part and perform the calibration by pressing the start button Advanced x cs a Hint A yellow warning symbol displayed close to Advanced indicates that the short delay and or the load resistance entered in the Advanced area differ from the factory settings 12 Click 9k You have done the Impedance calibration in the Frequency Sweep External Coupler mode 94 Common Functions 8 Common Functions In this section you can find the Bode Analyzer Suite basics The section provides an overview of the toolbars menus and commands common to all measurement modes Further on this section explains how to change the measurement range how to export the data and how to store and load configuration files 8 1 Toolbars Menus and Commands Figure 8 1 Toolbar Search and Reconnect Device Frequency Sweep Continuous Measurement Gain Phase New Save wai Measurement Open Print Device Configuration Impedance Reflection Frequency Sweep Print Preview Stop Measurement External Coupler Figure 8 2 Calibration toolbar Start User Calibration Start Probe Calibration Switch Impedance calibration on off 2 User Calibration GAINON IIMPIOFF KN Probe Calibration SAIN OFF IMP OFF Switch Gain Phase calibration on off Switch Gain Phase calibration on off Switch Impedance calibration on off 95 Bode 100 User Manual Table 8 1 Menus and commands eT
82. o use for the measurement as shown below 6 Click k to close the Configuration window 7 Choose either the Probe Calibration or the User Calibration and click the respective toolbar button 80 Calibrating the Bode 100 8 In the respective calibration window click the Start button next to Thru to calibrate the Bode 100 User Calibration Gain Phase Gain Phase Replace DUT by thru cable Afterwards press Start to perfom Calibration Impedance Connect the comesponding part and perform the calibration by pressing the start button Advanced a BJ RA pa Ri a Bp Ok Cancel Note In the Gain Phase mode no Impedance calibration is possible The Gain Phase mode is now calibrated for the current specific measurement setup Refer to 7 1 Calibration Methods on page 75 to learn in which cases you have to repeat the calibration if a parameter is changed 9 Click ok OMICRON Lab Bode Analyzer Suite NewBodeMeasurement Bode File Measurement Configuration Calibration Tools Help IGAN phil HERE 2 User Calibration GAIN ON IMP OFF TX Probe Calibration GAIN OFF IMP OFF Source Result oo Source Frequency 10 700 MHz Mag dE 101 247 pdB Phase 0 007 E Configuration 7 In our case we read 101 udB 0 000101 dB and 0 001 Because we are close to zero your results may differ from this example Nevertheless the displayed values should be very small
83. oceed Now you are ready to work with your Bode 100 You can proceed with Section 3 Gain Phase Mode to make your first measurement with the Bode 100 and then go through the Bode 100 User Manual to learn the capabilities of your Bode 100 by doing practical examples For the Bode Analyzer Suite basics see Section 8 Common Functions Gain Phase Mode 3 Gain Phase Mode Figure 3 1 Gain Phase mode Menu bar window Allows access to all Bode 100 functions See Table 8 1 Menus and commands on page 96 Toolbar Contains shortcuts to the most important Calibration toolbar Bode 100 functions Choose the calibration mode See Figure 8 1 Toolbar on page 95 Switch the calibration on and off Results See Figure 8 2 Calibration toolbar Select the result format and get result values on page 95 See Figure 3 3 Gain Phase mode results on page 18 OMICRON Lab Bode Analyzer Suite NewBodeMe isuremerit Bode Sle File Measurement Configuration Calibration Tools Help a Dee SB A pn pa c2 User Calibration ON Probe Calibration Source Source Frequency 12 000 MHz Pa Mag dB 12 197 dB Phase 148 727 Configuration 0 00 dBm Level ET l Zoom Mode Attenuator CH1 120 dB v Optimize Reset Axes Polar Attenuator CH2 Receiver Bandwidth 1 kHz v 20 dB 7 Copy Copy with Settings 0 20 0 15 0 10 0 05 0 00
84. oe 20dB Measurement period 3 06 mg I LA Internal External reference reference OUTPUT hk Cancel 3 Ensure that your DUT is terminated correctly Hint When using a probe with a DUT which requires a 50 Q termination you can simply connect the BNC 50 Q load delivered with your Bode 100 to the output of the DUT 4 To obtain accurate measurement results calibrate the Bode 100 as follows 5 Connect the ground of the probe with the ground of the DUT and touch the DUT s input with the probe tip 6 Now perform the calibration in the Gain Phase mode as described in 3 3 Example Gain Phase Measurement on page 24 127 Bode 100 User Manual Figure 9 28 Touching the DUT s input with the probe s tip Hint Ensure that the probe s tip is in contact with the DUT s input all the time until the calibration is finished 7 After having calibrated the probe start your measurement at any point of the DUT using the probe Ng Congratulation You learned how to use the advanced functions of the Nf Bode 100 How to e Use the advanced display functions like Zoom and Copy to Clipboard e Use the advanced sweep options e Use the level shaping functionality e Use probes The first time used my measurement probe to Zoom into an electrical circuit will always remain in my memory 128 Automation Interface 10 Automation Interface So far you have worked with the Bode 100 by using the gr
85. ondition Rating O Temperature 35 60 C 31 140 F Relative humidity 20 90 non condensing 20 80 non condensing 12 6 Mechanical Data Table 12 6 Mechanical data Characteristic Pauna E a Dimensions w x h x d 26 x 5 x 26 5 cm 10 25 x 2 x 10 5 Hint You can find more technical data on the OMICRON Lab Web site www omicron lab com 137 Bode 100 User Manual This page intentionally left blank 138 Contact Information Technical Support Contact Information Technical Support E Mail support omicron lab com Web www omicron lab com or contact the following OMICRON electronics customer service centers Europe Africa Middle East OMICRON electronics GmbH Klaus Austria Phone 43 5523 507 333 Fax 43 5523 507 999 Asia Pacific OMICRON electronics Asia Ltd Hong Kong Phone 852 2634 0377 Fax 852 2634 0390 North and South America OMICRON electronics Corp USA Houston Texas Phone 1713 830 4660 or 1 800 OMICRON Fax 1713 830 4661 Alternatively visit our Web site www omicron lab com for customer service centers in your area 139 This page intentionally left blank 140 Index A address manufacturer 0 000 139 admittance 00 0a 34 automation interface 129 131 B basics Bode Analyzer Suite 95 Gain Phase mode 20 Impedance Reflection mode 34 BNC ehe PA 13 connector 0
86. ows the impedance of the IF filter in polar format the so called polar curve 1 Bode 100 User Manual Hint The effect of noise on the measurement results can be reduced by narrowing the receiver bandwidth by using less attenuation in the input channels and by increasing the signal level of the Bode 100 source output OMICRON Lab Bode Analyzer Suite NewBodeMeasurement Bode File Measurement Configuration Calibration Tools Help Ieee Sa RA Pa BER 2 User Calibration GAIN OFF mP on ON Probe Calibration GAIN OFF IMP OFF Sweep Trace 1 M Trace 1 TR1 Start Frequency 8 700 MHz Color ae Stop Frequency 12 700 MHz Measurement Reflection Display Data 10 700 MH Center Frequency 2 Format Vswr Span 4 000 MHz HY CO Sweep Mode Linear min 1 00 Number of Points 201 v Data Memory Copy from Zoom Trace 2 TR2 Configuration Color ay 90 95 10 0 10 5 11 0 11 5 Level 13 00 dBm fiMMHz Measurement Impedance TR1 Yswr Reflection Display Data z Attenuator CH1 10 dB Format Polar 7 TR2 Ohm Attenuator CH2 10 dB Ymax 5 002 Receiver Bandwidth fio Hz Measurement Reference Resistance 50 00 Q Ymin 5 009 Data gt Memory M Diagram Setup C Auto PAAHANLOD ROR Always Two Diagrams 4 46 48 50 52 TR2 Impedance 72 Frequency Sweep External Coupler Mode
87. quency Sweep External Coupler Mode By calibrating the Bode 100 in the Frequency Sweep External Coupler mode you remove the effects of the connection setup including the external coupler and if used the amplifier on the accuracy of the measurement results Due to the strongly varying parameters of directional couplers a calibration is mandatory before performing a measurement In the Frequency Sweep External Coupler mode you can perform only Impedance Reflection measurements Therefore only the Impedance calibration is available in this mode Hint Some directional couplers show nonlinear behavior at the edges of their passband If your measurement frequency range is close to such nonlinearities we recommend to use the User Calibration to remove the nonlinear effects To calibrate the Bode 100 in the Frequency Sweep External Coupler mode 1 Click the Frequency Sweep External Coupler toolbar button 4 to switch to the Frequency Sweep External Coupler mode 2 Click the User Calibration toolbar button lt User Caibration to open the calibration window User Calibration External Coupler Gain Phase Replace DUT by thru cable Afterwards press Start to perfom Calibration 1 j o omo ooo tart Not Performed m Md Ls Impedance Connect the corresponding part and perform the calibration by pressing the start button Load Start Advanced O OK Ca
88. systems video systems and RF equipment e Impedance Reflection measurements The Bode 100 measures the impedance admittance and reflection coefficient of passive and active electronic circuits An internal bridge allows performing measurements by just connecting the device under test DUT to the Bode 100 source e Frequency Sweep measurements In addition to single frequency measurements the Bode 100 performs measurements in the Frequency Sweep mode In this measurement mode the Bode 100 is capable of measuring the complex gain reflection coefficient and impedance of the DUT The results are displayed as a function of the frequency in various display formats such as group delay curves or Smith charts e Frequency Sweep External Coupler measurements In this measurement mode you can measure the complex impedance admittance and reflection coefficient of the DUT by using an external directional coupler or other external measurement bridge Typical application examples include measurements of broadcast antennas and impedance measurements with signal levels above 20 mW The measurement results are available on your computer for processing and or documentation The Bode 100 includes a DDS direct digital synthesis signal source with adjustable level and frequency for excitation of the DUT two receivers processing the DUT s response and a microcontroller A DC power converter generates voltages for powering the circuitry involved For the
89. t move on the screen 42 Hint If you want to display the reflection in VSWR format select the VSWR output format under Reflection as shown below es Reflection Da z Usually the reference resistance of 50 Q is used to calculate the reflection coefficient and the VSWR The Reference Resistance box allows you to enter other reference resistance values if required The parallel and serial equivalent circuits give us an indication of the electrical components that would be required to rebuild the electrical characteristics of your DUT at the measurement frequency In our example you would require a 39 nF capacitor and a 52 7 resistor to build the series equivalent circuit Try it out get yourself the required components and repeat the measurement If the results do not match 100 keep in mind that you are using real components with a Q factor on their own For information on how to calibrate the Bode 100 in the Impedance Reflection mode see 7 4 Calibration in the Impedance Reflection Mode on page 83 Congratulation You learned how to use the Impedance Reflection mode How to e Measure the reflection coefficient at a frequency e Set the bandwidth and amplitudes used for the measurement e Connect the DUT for the impedance and reflection measurement e Optimize the diagrams e Understand serial and parallel equivalent circuits Go back to the overview chart at 4 Impedance Reflection Mode on page 33 and try things out
90. t menu to optimize the diagram select the grid and zoom in the diagram After having zoomed in click Optimize to get back to an optimized diagram Hint Using the Copy and Copy with Settings functions you can easily export your diagram into other Windows applications For more information see 9 1 Advanced Display Options on page 101 Figure 3 5 Overload and Overload indicators for the channel 1 and channel 2 inputs If you see a red bar increase connection indicators the attenuation of the respective channel or reduce the source level to prevent the overload Serial number of the Bode 100 Hint If the serial number field in the status bar displays No Device on red background check whether the Bode 100 is powered and connected to your computer and then click the Search and Reconnect Device toolbar button 2 2 to reconnect the Bode 100 19 Bode 100 User Manual 20 Basics The gain and phase of the DUT is calculated from the measurement data obtained using the reference channel 1 and the measurement channel 2 You can connect the signal source to the reference channel internally or externally as described in 3 2 Choosing the Reference Connection on page 22 The basic definitions and formulas related to the gain phase measurements are summarized below IH f abs H f Eq 3 1 o f arg H f Eq 3 2 _ 1 4yn d f Tf Fn qPw Tate Eq 3 3 where H f displayed gain phase function H A magnitude of
91. t of the quartz filter look in the Smith chart What are the series resonance and the parallel resonance frequencies What is the attenuation of the quartz filter at its series resonance What is the group delay 7 of the quartz filter at its series resonance What is the series resistance R of the quartz filter To find out the answers proceed as follows 1 Connect the Bode 100 to the computer and start the Bode Analyzer Suite Hint If you see the Bode 100 serial number on the lower right side of the status bar then your Bode 100 is working properly Click the Frequency Sweep toolbar button 24 to switch to the Frequency Sweep mode Click the Device Configuration toolbar button 4 to configure the Frequency Sweep mode We want to measure the quartz filter with 50 Q load 47 Bode 100 User Manual 48 4 Set CH2 50 2 ON click the switch as shown Configuration Device Configuration Connection Setup Measurement Gain Phase C Impedance Reflection SOURCE Receiver Bandwidth RECEIWER 2 DUT delay 0 00 5 Measurement period Internal External 28 693 mg reference reference OUTPUT Ok Cancel Hint In the Frequency Sweep mode the Bode 100 can measure the gain phase as well as the impedance reflection of the DUT versus frequency The Gain Phase and Impedance Reflection buttons in the Configuration window are just used to show the respective device co
92. t results Select the output format of the admittance measurement results Select the output format of the impedance measurement results Impedance M Admittance po Reflection Real 109 714 mg Real 119 267 mk HO Mag dE 38 105 mdB Imag bd 952 817 mi Imag 1 036 MHO Phase Jl F 177 olr Display of the respective measurement results in the selected format Basics General Formulas The general formulas related to the Impedance Reflection measurements are summarized below z Eq 4 1 I _ 1 Y 5 3 Eq 4 2 Z R Gp Y 5 Z4R Go Y S vswR EE Eq 4 4 R Eq 4 5 0 Go where V Voltage at the reference plane I current at the reference plane Z lmpedance Y admittance r reflection coefficient VSWR _ voltage standing wave ratio Ro reference resistance Go reference conductance Impedance Reflection Mode Note The reference resistance R can be set in the Measurement area of the Impedance Reflection mode window 4 1 2 Equivalent Circuits The basic formulas for the serial equivalent circuit are Z Real Z jImag Z R jX Eq 4 6 R Real Z Eq 4 7 If Imag Z lt 0 1 C imag Eq 48 If Imag Z gt 0 L Imag 2 Eq 4 9 O where R Series resistance X Series reactance C Series capacitance L Series inductance The basic formulas for the parallel equivalent circuit are Y Real Y
93. tended frequency range Output voltage 0 01 1 Vrms into 50 Q load 27 dBm 13 dBm CH 1 INPUT CH 2 INPUT connectors Input impedance Low or high impedance selectable Low impedance Input impedance 50 Q Input impedance 1 MQ 2 Input capacitance 40 55 pF Receiver bandwidth 1 Hz 3 Hz 10 Hz 30 Hz 100 Hz 300 Hz 1 kHz 3 kHz Input attenuator 0 dB 10 dB 20 dB 30 dB 40 dB 9 215 m 3 olg 3 2 High impedance O O 3 5 D O pama O Mm Input sensitivity 100 mV full scale for input attenuator O dB Dynamic range gt 100 dB at 10 Hz receiver bandwidth G D O 135 Bode 100 User Manual 12 2 Power Requirements Table 12 2 Power requirements Input voltage frequency 12 3 Absolute Maximum Ratings Table 12 3 Absolute maximum DC supply reverse voltage device does not work Maximum AC input signal 50 Vrms for 1 Hz 1 MHz 30 Vrms for 1 MHz 2 MHz 15 Vrms for 2 MHz 5 MHz 10 Vrms for 5 MHz 10 MHz 7 Vrms for 10 MHz 40 MHz 136 Technical Data 12 4 Computer Requirements Table 12 4 Computer requirements Minimum configuration Pentium 500 MHz 256 MB RAM CD ROM drive Recommended configuration Pentium 1 GHz 256 MB RAM CD ROM drive Operating system Windows 2000 Windows XP Windows XP 64 bit Windows Vista Windows Vista 64 bit 12 5 Environmental Requirements Table 12 5 Environmental eauremens Characteristic C
94. the Bode Analyzer Suite Select the Gain Phase mode OMICRON Lab Bode Analyzer Suite NewBodeMeasurement Bode Fie Measurement Configuration Calibration Tools Help IH SB RK DM alo AAR ON Probe Calibration 2 p ca User Calibration Source Result Source Frequency 1 110 MHz Mag dB Z 94 641 dB Phase v 129 926 Level 0 00 dBm Attenuator CH1 20 dB v Attenuator CH2 120 dB v Configuration Receiver Bandwidth 1 kHz v 2 Click the Device Configuration toolbar button 4 to open the Configuration window In the Configuration window set the parameters for your measurement In our example we have chosen the following settings 18 Calibrating the Bode 100 3 Set e SOURCE 10 7 MHz e Receiver bandwidth 10 Hz e ATTN 1 20 dB e ATTN 2 20 dB e Level O dBm Configuration Device Configuration Connection Setup SRE Receiver fi O700 MH RECEIVER 1 Beng RECEIVER 2 10 Hz DUT dela 0 00 Measurement period Internal External 265 24 ms reference reference Level 0 00 dEr OUTPUT OF Cancel 19 Bode 100 User Manual q 4 Click the Connection Setup tab Configuration Device Configuration Connection Setup Thru Cable or Probe Two Port DUT Channel 1 External Probe Channel 2 External Probe E E Cancel The connection diagram shows how to connect the DUT to the Bode 100 5 Connect the cables you want t
95. tion usage and measurement procedures Any user of the Bode 100 should have fundamental working knowledge of basic electronics general measurement techniques and the use of computer based applications running under a Windows environment Conventions and Symbols Used In this manual the following symbol indicates paragraphs with special safety relevant meaning Symbol Description Equipment damage or loss of data A possible Related Documents The following documents complete the information covered in the Bode 100 User Manual Title Description Automation Interface Object Hierarchy Provide detailed information on the and Automation Interface Reference Bode Analyzer Automation Interface available in the Automation subdirectory of the Bode Analyzer Suite directory Bode 100 User Manual This page intentionally left blank Introduction 1 1 Introduction Overview The Bode 100 is a multifunctional test amp measurement instrument designed for professionals such as scientists engineers and teachers engaged in the field of electronics Its concept universal hardware controlled by the Bode Analyzer Suite software running on a computer makes the Bode 100 an efficient and flexible solution for a wide spectrum of applications including e Gain Phase measurements The Bode 100 measures the gain and phase of passive and active electronic circuits as well as complex electronic systems such as closed loop control
96. tween the current and stored measurement data by using the Data Memory display function Question How does touching the housing of the quartz filter on the sample PCB influence the measurement To find out the answer proceed as follows 1 Follow steps 1 to 14 of the example outlined in 5 1 Example Frequency Sweep Measurement on page 46 2 Clear the Trace 2 check box Your screen should now look like this OMICRON Lab Bode Analyzer Suite NewBodeMeasurement Bode mef Fie Measurement Configuration Calibration Tools Help IGA SB Av M a 6 Bae 2 User Calibration IMP OFF 28 Probe Calibration Frequency Trace 1 SE an 11 997400 MHz 0 858 dB Curser2 12 023200 MHz 89 874 dB Color NN delta C2 C1 25 800 kH2 89 016 dB Measurement Gain x Display Data z TR1 dB Format Mag dB v Ymax 3 14dB 10 min 84 76dB 20 Data gt Memory 30 40 T Trace 2 TR2 50 60 Display 70 Format Mag dB Ng 80 11 990 12 020 TR1 Mag Gain BJ074C 112 Advanced Functions 3 Click the Dalas Memo button to store the measurement data 4 In the Display list select Memory The stored data is displayed as a dashed line OMICRON Lab Bode Analyzer Suite NewBodeMeasurement Bode mfx Fie Measurement Configuration Calibration Tools Help IGA SB Ss M a Bae 2 User Calibration IMP OFF 2X Probe Calibration Frequency Trace 1 R Trace 1 TR1 11 997400 MHz
97. ulated by the Bode Analyzer Suite Select the check box Trace 1 measurement result Trace 2 measurement result to activate cursor 1 marked by cursor 1 marked by cursor 1 Frequency marked by cursor 1 Trace 1 measurement result marked by cursor 2 Trace 2 measurement result marked by cursor 2 il race 1 10 700 MHz 25 372 dB 34 997 dB v Cursor 2 11 241866 MHz 88 824 dB 25 492 dB delta C2 01 541 866 kHz 63 452 dB 9 416 dB Frequency marked Difference of cursor Difference of trace 1 Difference of trace 2 by cursor 2 frequencies measurement results measurement results Select the check box to activate cursor 2 Frequency Sweep Mode Figure 5 4 Trace settings Select the check box to activate trace 1 Set the color of trace 1 Trace TAT Click Gain Reflection Impedance or Admittance to select the respective trace 1 measurement Color Measurement Gain Display l See Data and Memory on Display Data page 111 Select the output format of trace 1 Format Magid w measurement results Set the maximum value on max 21 23dB the trace 1 Y axis min 118 45d6 Set the minimum value on the trace 1 Y axis LANA Data gt Memory Data gt Memory See Data and Memory on page 111 Set the color of trace 2 f Trace 2 TR Click Gain Reflection Impedance or Admittance to select the respective trace 2 measurement Color
98. y 2 Click the Impedance Reflection toolbar button FE to switch to the Impedance Reflection mode 3 If necessary adjust your window size Move the mouse to the lower right corner of the window ma By dragging the corner you can adjust the window OMICRON Lab Bode Analyzer Suite NewBodeMeasurement Bode mef File Measurement Configuration Calibration Tools Help Dae aS Bar D a User Calibration GAIN OFF IMP OFF OX Probe Calibration mM Source Impedance m Admittance M Reflection Source Frequency 1 000 MHz Real 6 247 Q Real 536 971 nMHO Mag dB 466 307 pdB imag x 3 411 kQ Imag 293 189 MHO Phase 7 1 680 onfiguration ka mhO Level 0 00 dBm 2 0 0 00020 Attenuator CH1 20 dB v 1 0 0 00010 0 0 0 00000 Attenuator CH2 20 dB v 1 0 0 00010 2 0 E Receiver Bandwidth 1 kHz X 0 00020 3 0 0 00030 2 J 0 00000 m Measurement mhO Reference Resistance 50 00 2 0 50 O00 0 50 Serial equivalent circuit Parallel equivalent circuit Rp 1 862 MQ Rs 6 247 Q Cs 46 663 pF Cp 46 662 pF Q 546 005 Q 546 005 38 Impedance Reflection Mode 4 Click the Device Configuration toolbar button 4 to configure the Impedance Reflection mode Configuration Device Configuration Connection Setup SOURCE Receiver fi O700MHe RECEIVER 1 Bend RECEIVER 2 10 Hz HU DUT dela
99. zoom area above they are identical To optimize the graphical display in both axes right click in the diagram and then click Optimize Alternatively you can reset the axes separately by using the X Axis and Y Axis commands X Axis Y Axis To optimize or reset an axis right click in the diagram point to X Axis or Y Axis and then click the respective command to optimize or to zoom out the selected axis 106 Advanced Functions Cursor 1 Cursor 2 Figure 9 8 Setting the cursor 1 to the maximum Figure 9 9 Setting the cursor 1 to a frequency Copy from Zoom By using the Cursor 1 and Cursor 2 commands you can set the respective cursor to the minimum and the maximum of a curve as follows 1 Right click a curve in the diagram 2 Point to Cursor 1 or Cursor 2 and then click Jump to Max or Jump to Min to set the respective cursor to the maximum or the minimum of the curve Zoom Mode Optimize AXIS H Y AXIS H Cursor H Jump to Max Cursor 2 Jump to Min Copy Copy with Settings Hint If both traces are close together and are displayed in one diagram it might be difficult to select the curve you want to process In this case you can click Always Two Diagrams select the trace in the respective diagram and then set a cursor as described above Then you can switch back to one diagram display by clicking Auto Hint To set the cursor to a specific frequency you can ent

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