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Version 4 User`s Manual - Edison the Multimedia Lab for exploring

1. X KIM WZ Clear the schematic window with the File New command The file name in the top line is set to Noname indicating that a new circuit file is being edited Now start adding components Select the Sources tab below the component icons the icons of the available sources will appear Click on the voltage generator icon then release the mouse button Your cursor will change into the generator symbol Position it using the mouse or pressing the or key for rotation or the key for mirroring somewhere in the middle of the screen then press the right mouse button the schematic editor s popup menu will come up Select Properties The following dialog box will appear Source Voltage Generator x Leave the DC level Signal and the IO state parameters unchanged Note that by accepting INPUT for the IO state parameter you have selected the output of this generator to be the input for the Bode diagram Select the Signal menu line and then press the A button a new dialog box with the graphics icons of available voltage generator signals will appear When you select one of them in this case click on the Sinusoidal button the associated curve comes up with some default parameters In the case of the Sine signal these are 39 Signal Editor LEAVE AE Amplitude V 4 Frequency H2 f T 14f 20 0m Set the Frequency to 150k Click on OK and return to the
2. not used here but set to 20 to be safe U Maximum length of problem questions and answers 1 U determined by longest questions and answers 1 e g Asthe Signal Analyzerfrequency rises what happens tothefilter output use 100 to be safe too tedious to count D Problem definitions problem name 52 _ L Load problem file _ S Speak name of wav file with extension Q Question if it s missing default A 3 possible answers in case of selection type question _ G Good answer in case of list question 1 3 C Score for first attempt To compile go to the DOS prompt in the EDISON directory and type followed by the Enter key PROBLEMS EXE PROBLEMS FILTERS SRP PROBLEMS FILTERS PRB N 20 F 20 W 20 U 100 D Filter L problems p200 cir Q Asthe Signal4Analyzer frequency rises what happenstothefilter output G 2 A rises A falls A rises then falls C 25 D Filter42 L problems p201 cir Q Asthe Signal4Analyzer frequency rises what happenstothe filter output G3 A rises A falls A rises thenfalls C 25 D Filter43 L problems p202 cir Q What voltage willthe Multimeter read at 2kHz C 25 D Filter 4 L problems p203 cir 3 25 Compiling the source file to create the PRB file When the source file for your problem set is ready you must use the program called PROBLEMS EXE to create the PRB file that Edi
3. such as the Signal Analyzer until after she has entered her answer Then she can use the Signal Analyzer to see the circuit performance or pick up a meter from the shelf and wire it in If the problem is a trouble shooting type then the student may operate the Signal Analyzer or pick up a new meter from the shelf and wire it in The student can use these instruments to gain insight into where the fault lies In general the student is not free to pick up parts from the upper left shelf cannot edit the content of sign boards the error status of components etc In other words many commands and tools are masked from the student during problem set mode The student cannot save the circuit file this prevents him from modifying the files Creating a Problem Set Once you ve decided to create a new problem set you must do the following Define the focus and scope of the problem set Define each of the individual problems Create an Edison circuit file CIR for each problem Create a problem set source file SRP Compile the SRP file to create the problem set output file PRB Debug the problems and correct any errors found In defining problems we can choose from three problem formats Selection multiple choice The student must check the box containing the correct answer Asking a value The student must compute and enter the correct value in the answer box Trouble shooting The student must find
4. By default Edison is in the DC AC mode which assumes that all the currents and voltages are either constant or changing sinusoidally Edison presents the DC value of DC currents voltages and the effective or peak values of AC alternating currents voltages Edison has two more modes that are used to simulate circuit operation with arbitrary varying currents e g charging capacitor These modes are set using the control panel shown below e if mae Fir DC AC mode i Single transient mode 13 144 Continuous transient mode Start Stop button DC AC mode Edison calculates the currents and voltages and displays them on the instru ments The animated components lamp motor LED etc will operate according to their actual average voltage or current Single transient mode Pressing the Start Stop button or any switch on the breadboard tells Edison to carry out a single simulation from zero time to the time set in the Edison control panel The actual running time is displayed in the bottom line of the control panel Note that the time set in the Control Panel also affects the actual execution time of the simulation The default simulation time is ls if the speed of the computer allows that For example if the value set in the control panel is 1m then the simulation time of the Ims process will be 1s While the analysis is running the animated components will operate according to their instantaneous currents and
5. Minimum requirements Pentium PC with at least 16 MB of RAM hard disk drive with 20 MB free space printer port 16 bit high color VGA graphics card Mouse MS Windows 95 or higher Recommended hardware Pentium HI computer 64 MB of RAM 100MB free disk space 24 bit true color fast VGA graphics card Sound Blaster Pro or compatible sound card Windows 98 or higher Windows 2000 2 2 How to Install Edison You should use Edison s setup program to install the program on your hard disk Insert the CD into the drive The setup program should run automatically If it does not Select Start Run and type D SETUP Enter where D represents your CD ROM drive The setup program will start Select the language you want if applicable Press the Edison button a new window will appear with demo buttons and an Install button at the bottom of the window Press Install then follow the instructions Keep your CD nearby your computer The program might require your CD In case the program is protected with a hardware protection key place the key into the parallel port LPT1 or LPT2 before starting the program Take care to plug the key into a parallel and not into a serial port of the computer You should plug the side of the protection key with male pins into the computer Naturally you can connect your printer into the other side of the hardware key You must install the Windows MIDI mapper in order to play the el
6. Note the default values of the parallel resistive losses for the capacitor and the series resistive losses of the capacitor Add the Volt Meter chosen from the Meters component group in parallel with the capacitor and accept its default 40 IO state OUTPUT parameter Place a ground below the generator and connect the generator capaci tor and Open circuit as shown in the figure using the Insert Wire command hotkey Space Alternatively you can also use the pen icon or the popup menu to start drawing a wire Finally add the title to the schematic Click the ET icon and the text editor will appear Type in RLC Circuit Click on the icon and set size 12 The editor also lets you choose another font style color etc Now click on OK then position and drop the text on the schematic editor Window Before going on save the circuit with the File Save As command Name the circuit as RLC_NEW SCH the SCH extension is added automatically If you wish you can still change the circuit in many ways Add new components Delete copy or move selected objects using the EditlCut Copy Paste and Delete commands Move rotate or mirror groups of components Select the components one by one holding down the shift key as you click on them You may also use indow selection to identify the group When you ve selected the last component release the left mouse button Then move the cursor over one of the selected components press a
7. Options Use this menu to set several sound drawing and save options 6 3 1 Sound Effects Use this command to turn sound effects on and off 6 3 2 Show Faults Edison can be set to display for a faulty components with a different shape This command serves as a switch in its on state you can recognize the faulty component by its shape in its off state all parts faulty or not are displayed with the shape of good parts Of course if you are in the problem solving trouble shooting mode Edison shows all parts as being good and you can t change the state of this switch 31 6 3 3 Shelf color This enables a standard color selection dialog box that lets you choose the shelf color 6 3 4 Wire Color You can set up the default wire color and width in this menu 6 3 5 Keep wires at move Edison will maintain the wires and their connections and consider them to be flexible wires when parts are moved 6 3 6 Hints above shelves When you move the cursor above a part on the shelves a short hint will be displayed giving the part name 6 3 7 Hints above circuits When you move the cursor above a part in the 3D circuit a short hint will be displayed giving the part name This options displays the value associated with the button when the cursor is above certain buttons or knobs e g a potentiometer knob 6 3 8 Preconnect ICs pins This options applies only when you place an IC on the breadboard It tells the program to displ
8. a color or light background or without shelves If you select a light background the background picture is disabled and will be light grey The color of the shelves will be a slightly darker grey The picture placed on the clipboard shows only the working area not the menu bar and is available for pasting into other applications If you select the no shelves option both the shelves and the background picture will be disabled and the whole background will be white In all options the resolution of the picture will be exactly the resolution of Edison on the screen 29 6 1 9 Print With this command you can print the actual Edison screen with a color or light background or without shelves If you select a light background the background picture is disabled The printed picture shows only the working area not the menu bar If you select the no shelves option both the shelves and the background picture will be disabled and the whole background will be white In all options the size of the picture will be exactly the size of Edison on the screen 6 1 10 Print Setup You can set printer parameters 6 1 11 Exit Exit allows you to end your Edison work session If you have not yet saved your circuit a warning will appear 6 2 Edit This menu allows you to select shelves to modify parameters of the parts to repair all damaged parts and to carry out some supplementary functions of the circuit editor 6 2 1 Select Shelf Y
9. and then edit the file into the new one The latter approach may be easier for first time programmers Before presenting our source file here are some rules and guidelines governing the syntax of this file No line can be more than 80 characters long Experienced programmers know that they must place comment lines in their source files if they are going to be able to debug them later on You can do so by placing two slash characters at the beginning of a line followed by your comments Lines beginning with will be ignored by the compiler program You are not allowed to use a space in experiment titles you must use the caret character instead There are six commands known to the compiler Three of them are global that is they apply to the entire file and should be placed only once at the beginning of the experiment file The global commands are as follows N the maximum length of experiment names 1 This allocates memory that will hold experiment names Count characters and the caret characters and add 1 Or just estimate a maximum length that you re sure won t be exceeded F the maximum length of file names 1 This allocates memory that will hold file names Include the subdirectories in the path give the path relative to the directory in which the EDISON EXE file resides slashes dots file name and file extension and add 1 An example expments serial cir would be length 20 Or just estimate a max
10. different name After finishing a macro you can attach hints to it These appear in yellow bubbles on the circuits First create a text file for the hint which uses the same name as the macro but uses an MTX extension See the examples which come with Edison This text file should contain the hints in sequence that you want to include Each hint should be on a new line Empty lines are not allowed Note that later control information will be added to this text file by the program Save the text file in the same directory where the macro is located Then load the macro in Edison as usual Select the Edit Macro Modify hints command which will start to replay the macro whilst allowing you to use the mouse Click the left mouse button where and when you want the hint to appear Clicking the right mouse button anywhere will remove the hint or 30 clicking the left mouse button again will bring up the next hint NB Do not place the hint above an area of the circuit which will change in any way during the life of the hint If you are not satisfied with the result you can repeat the Modify hints command Do not forget to save your macro with the Edit Macro Save command Use the Auto repeat feature if you want the macro repeated automatically during playing Use the Minimize at the end feature if you want Edison to become minimized after playing the macro Set these options before saving the macro or set them each time before startin
11. displayed time The time parameter applies to both the A and B channels Other parameters which are not visible in the screen can be displayed by using the direct set buttons or by double clicking on the part You can get a detailed results diagram in a separate window by right clicking on the part and selecting diagram from the popup menu The oscilloscope is designed so that you can change the most important parameters directly from the front panel By using the increasing decreasing buttons you can increase or decrease parameters in steps while you can use the direct set buttons like the Time button to directly enter the numeric value of the following parameters A channel amplitude A channel origin move position the trace baseline vertically B channel amplitude B channel origin move position the trace baseline vertically Total displayed period time 25 These parameters can be changed also through the Edit Modify Parameters command or by double clicking on the part When the Auto button is depressed Edison automatically sets the displayed amplitude origin and time of both channels for a good presentation 5 18 Signal Analyzer The signal analyzer is used to obtain the AC transfer characteristics of a circuit It generates a series of sinusoidal test signals from the start frequency to the stop frequency at the specified signal amplitude The number of frequency steps is set by the specified number of samples You sh
12. drop components to make the schematic neater and easier to follow If you wish to make a presentation of your circuit you can change the appearance of the IC to a more realistic form While you are moving the cursor on the right side of the IC the cursor will highlight a small yellow button Pressing the left mouse button there changes the height of the IC 21 5 THE PARTS Here is a list and description of the parts available for building circuits in Edison Most parts except connectors and boards have an error status parameter and can be in an operational or in a faulty state as noted below 5 1 Connector Use a connector to join wires Each connector permits an unlimited number of connec tions i e you can connect an arbitrary number of wires to a connector A connector has no electrical effect on a circuit and has no error status 5 2 Simple Switches The simple switch functions as a single pole single throw switch SPST with push on push off action Move the cursor to the vicinity of the switch button When the hand symbol appears press the left mouse button to change the switch setting Take care not to position the cursor on the switch terminals you ll see the little wiring circle or you will jump to the wiring function If this happens press Esc If you want to select a switch left click on a neutral part of its shape usually located on the bottom of the switch Error status None Open 5 3 Pus
13. of a sound file wav file extension is required to be played when the student opens the problem You can use this for a musical signature to liven things up or for a speech file perhaps containing a short spoken introduction to the problem Omit the line altogether if there is no sound file to be played Q the question If this line is omitted Edison provides the question What is the value to be displayed as a default Omit this line if the problem type is trouble shooting A the three possible answers in case of a selection type problem omit these lines unless the question is a selection type G the number of the good answer 1 3 used with A omit unless the question is a selection type C your score if the student answered correctly or found the faulty component on his first attempt SRP file Example Here s the source file for FILTERS PRB complete with extra comments Filename FILTERS SRP EDISON DesignSoft LTD 2000 Contains problem items and their file names Il 1l 1I 1I 1l 1l 1l 1l 1l 1l 1l N Maximum length of problem names 1 N determined by longest problem title e g Filter 8 1 9 use 20 to be safe F Maximum length of file names 1 F determined by longest path problem file name 1 e g PROBLEMS P200 CIR 17 1 18 use 20 to be safe W Maximum length of wav file names 1 W determined by longest path wave file name 1
14. of the generator and observe how this affects the results 4 4 AC characteristic To see the AC characteristic of the same RC circuit load EXAMPLES RCSIGAN CIR To obtain the circuit frequency response frequency characteristic click the Signal Analyzer Run button and move the cursor over the Signal Analyzer When the cursor turns into a press the right 18 Edison RcAC CIR File Edit Options Repair Experiments Problems Help File Edit Insert View Analysis T 34V 70 11 mouse button From the popup menu that appears select diagram a detailed diagram showing the same results as the signal analyzer appears in a new window You can also get the formulas describing the diagram by selecting Formulas from the menu You can Copy and Paste the formulas into either the diagram or into the schematic diagram window 19 4 5 Building a circuit using a breadboard Let s build a circuit using the breadboard shown in the figure below Note that you can find this circuit in the EXAMPLES directory EXAMPLES NOTGATE CIR Select the File New menu Tick the breadboard checkbox and leave the number of lines and columns at 1 Select a 4 5V battery on the shelf Press Ctrl to rotate the battery by 90 degrees Press the Shift key if you want to change the brand of the battery Edison Notgate1 cir _ fol lt Schematic Analyser ioj x File Edit Options Repair Experiments Problems Help File E
15. previous dialog box Enter Source as label text and Click on OK The program will automatically place the label near the component and you will be able to position and place the component and the label together If the default label position is not satisfactory you ll be able to drag the label to the desired position later on When the component is where you want it press the left mouse button to drop it This completes the placement of the generator Now click on the Basic tab and choose the Resistor icon your cursor will automatically change when you are over the tabs or the icons After the symbol of a resistor has appeared in the schematic window press the right button of the mouse and then select Properties from the popup menu The following dialog box appears Label e ill cece Lave Module Name Resistance Ohm Faut S OK X Cancel Heb Change the Resistance to 100 then move over the line Label and type in R 100 Note You can copy the resistance value in this case 100 into the label field by pressing F9 or using the popup menu while you are in the value field After setting all parameters click OK Your cursor will turn into the resistor with the frame of the label Position it as required and press the left mouse button to drop it Continue circuit entry with the L and C components as indicated in the figure above Set the parameters to L 1m and C 1n Enter L m and C n Labels respectively
16. since you are in the EDISON directory where EXPMENTS EXE resides you need to precede the SRE and EXP file names with the path subdirectory where these files are to be found EXPMENTS lt path input file name sre gt lt path output file name exp gt In our case we type EXPMENTS EXPMENTS LAMPS SRE EXPMENTS LAMPS EXP and follow it by pressing the ENTER key The program EXPMENTS EXE reads the source file and creates the problem file LAMPS EXP You should now be able to run Edison select File Open Experiment Set and open up the EXP file you created The next step is to open each experiment to make sure they are all working as expected 8 2 The Problem Set Compiler A problem set is a group of Edison circuit files that focus on a particular area of circuit problem solving They are used in learning situations as homework tests or lab exercises The circuit files are bound together by the problem set source file so that the student can open them as a group and thread through them using the Problem menu Although a circuit file is loaded for each problem when in problem set mode Edison does not allow the student the same full range of tools and commands as are available when the circuit file is loaded directly as a circuit File Open Here are some of the tools and command differences of the problem set mode If the problem is a selection multiple choice or asking a value type then the student cannot operate any instruments
17. to the entire file and should be placed only once at the beginning of the problem file The global commands are as follows N the maximum length of problem names 1 This allocates memory that will hold problem names Count characters and the caret characters and add 1 Or just estimate a maximum length that you re sure won t be exceeded F the maximum length of file names 1 This allocates memory that will hold file names Include the subdirectories in the path give the path relative to the directory in which the EDISON EXE file resides slashes dots file name and file extension and add 1 An example problems p200 cir would be length 18 Or just estimate a maximum length that you re sure won t be exceeded W_ the maximum length of wav file names 1 Include the subdirectories in the path give the path relative to the directory that the Edison EXE file resides in slashes dots and file name and file extension and add 1 An example problems horn wav would be length 18 U the maximum length of questions and answers 1 Count characters and the caret characters and add 1 Or just estimate a maximum length that you re sure won t be exceeded You use the remaining seven commands to define a single problem When you have finished the definition of the problem use the two point characters command as a terminator The commands are D problem title L problem file name S the name
18. 6 THE COMMANDS This chapter presents Edison s commands in detail organized according to the menu titles and menu items 6 1 File Use this menu to open and save your circuit files select experiment and problem sets print your circuits and exit from Edison 6 1 1 New This command will clear the working area so you can build your own circuit If the previous circuit has not yet been saved a warning message appears In this dialog you determine whether or not to use breadboards If your design is large and you need several breadboards you can determine how many rows and columns of breadboards will be placed 6 1 2 Open This command lets you load previously saved circuits The extension of circuit files is CIR You can use a dialog box to select the appropriate directory and or file name 6 1 3 Save Use this command to save circuits which have already been named i e have been previously saved or loaded 6 1 4 Save As Similar to the Save command but asks you for a new file name under which to save the circuit 6 1 5 Open Experiment Set You can open experiments sets on different topics using this command After opening a set you can load in a particular experiment using the Experiments menu 6 1 6 Open Problem Set This allows you to open problem sets Edison will switch into a special problem solving mode Then you can load in a particular problem using the Problems menu 6 1 7 Export With this command
19. C Bodet Amplil AAC Nyquist AAC Bodel ATR resulti As expected the RLC circuit exhibits a response of damped oscillation Exact input output data pairs can be read by enabling the a and or b graphic cursors Now select Analysis Symbolic or Analysis Semi symbolic Transient from the menu The closed form expression of the circuit response appears in the Equation Editor window Click on the Copy icon of the Equation Editor Window then switch to the Schematic window and select the Paste icon The frame of the formula will appear Move the frame to the desired location and press the left mouse button to place the formula Note that you can reposition it by dragging to any position and you can edit it by double clicking on it 7 7 3 Analyzing a Digital Circuit Let s test a digital circuit Open the file EXAMPLES HALF_ADD SCH Start the Analysis Digital Step by Step command A control panel will appear and you can examine the behavior of the circuit step by step by pressing the Step Forward button Press the Play button for free running mode At each node a small box will indicate the logic level Red for High Blue for Low Green for High Z Black for undefined as the circuit is clocked The picture bellow shows an intermediate state of the display 44 atc Meters Sources Semiconductors Gates Fipflops Mined mode Lose ICs j ne toma S S S Sw Control Panel x Now let s examine the transient behav
20. EDISOM Multimedia Lab for Exploring Electricity and Electronics Version 4 User s Manual DesignSoft EDISOM Multimedia Lab for Exploring Electricity and Electronics Version 4 User s Manual Copyright 1994 2000 DesignSoft Inc All rights reserved DesignSoft www edisonlab com 6 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION Ryna opaan ile ie hea lesa a a aul ities be 5 INSTALLATION reeeo aenea a AOE EEEO E TRE a ESERE EO NEER TREE 2 1 Hardware and Software Requirements a 2 2 How to Install Edisonen sinsk Ri USING THE EDITOR ooe tAire erTi TEER ANE EEEE ARER 8 3 l The Serem Dayout osre a e owned cvesesss vovesdssospuseceecicasotoveudatesssanbeteuduasdsiueteessonsetenses 8 32i PALS arra eei a NAER E TE e R EEO RES 8 3 3 Placing the Parts in the Working Area s e ssssessssssrsssestsrssrsrsesteresrnsrntsrestnresrnrnrerenrnes 9 3 4 Using the Plug in Breadboard m e e T SHELVES E E E E TE 11 3 6 Adding Deleting and Modifying Wires ssessssssssssssessesessrsessssrsrsrrsesenenssnesrnrsrenereseneee 12 3 7 Selecting Moving and Deleting Parts in the Working Area 12 3 8 The Edison Control Panel occ eeeeeeeeeseeeeeeeeeees 13 3 9 Drawing Diagrams 14 3 10 Deriving Formulas i in u RR n ERA ANE AENEA N 14 GETTING STARTED serioa tiiis ii iiion suits iK EEEa ana AE a AEAEE a AAEE ERATE ANSE 16 4 1 Building and Analyzing Circuits sssssesesseseessssssteseesetsesstsreresestrssssrsrssentntssnsrsre
21. PPPPPPLPPPEPPPPPEDEE FAPPPPPPEPPLEPLPPEPPPEEPPEPEDEE COPPA POPPE LOPE E PEEL DARAS CAAA DARRE DERAS PERRA BEEEE 10 When you have a breadboard you can place parts either on the breadboard or on the worktable The appearance of certain components batteries switches meters etc is the same on the breadboard and the worktable Other components which have plug in terminals resistors capacitors transistors ICs etc change their form when moved above a breadboard The terminals of these parts are automatically connected to the respective connectors in the holes on the breadboard While moving such a part above the breadboard its connection wires follow the body of the component and they jump from hole to hole If you want to take control and plug the terminals into positions different from the automatic ones press the Space bar Then you can freely move one terminal with the mouse to specify the final connection of that terminal By pressing the Space bar again you can place all terminals one by one or you can go back to moving the whole component When all terminals are in the position you want press the left mouse button to place the component There are parts mainly ICs which do not allow moving their terminals individually because these terminals are in fixed locations just as with real parts A very convenient feature of Edison is that if you need to move a component or terminal wire already plugged into the breadboar
22. Signal generator Oscilloscope Signal analyzer Speaker Bipolar transistors NPN PNP Enhancement type transistors NMOS PMOS Diode LED Logic gates AND OR NAND NOR NOT XOR Ground Operational Amplifier 741 Timer 555 Flip flops D JK Latch Note that we use the words component and part interchangeably 8 3 3 Placing the Parts in the Working Area Most Edison commands are carried out with the mouse The left button of the mouse play a confirming role For example you use the left button to pick up parts change switch settings select a component or move a control bar The right button serves to interrupt an action or pop up a local menu on components You can pick up a part from a shelf by positioning the cursor over the part and pressing the left mouse button Move the part anywhere in the working area and place it by pressing the left button again Note that it is not necessary to hold down the left button while moving the part although this drag and drop technique also works Parts can be rotated by pressing the Ctrl key or the key on the numeric keyboard while the parts are being moved Also an alternative part can be selected by pressing the Shift key or the key on the numeric keyboard while the part is being moved For example for 9V batteries Duracell Varta and GP are available while for 1 5 V pencil batteries a battery holder can be selected Users of noteb
23. TNA 28 GoD I AAT r T TE 28 GLI NEW inina erii eae e E EA R A A AT E 28 GAD OPEN aran RA E EAA EA 28 A ES SAVE EETA EAT E AE T 28 E EE ES E D ERTA E A E E A E EE E T 28 ae 8 6 1 5 6 1 6 6 1 7 6 1 8 6 1 9 6 1 10 Print Setup pa CSTN L DA ON E Si E OEE EEE EE EEE EEEE 6 2 1 Select Shelf 6 2 2 Background picture 6 2 3 Macio eoeta e 6 24 Modify Parameters asesi iyeseoereie iyaa oaensseaueesBecssedsaesovecesccneuasveneseseushsbeee 31 i229 Deleter E EE EEEE EE AE EE OTE E 6 2 6 Repair All s 6 2 1 Repantans eoe E E E E GE 6 3 lt OPtOMs Pirenei EE S EE E E E N a E eee 6 3 1 Sound Effects 6 3 2 Show Faults 6 3 3 Shelf Color a 634 Wire COlOE isnin go onie Er EEE EEEE EEEE EEEE Er EEEE E 6 3 5 Keep Wires at Move 6 3 6 Hints above Shelves eee 6 3 T Hints above Circuit sec cessissvececes cassinecee den E EEEE E EERE 6 3 8 Preconnect ICs Pins 6 3 9 Hidden Circuit Connections seses noie sesei EEN EE NEE E 32 6 3 10 Hidden Breadboard Connections c ccccccccccsscessesseseeeseeseeeseeseeeceseesecseeeseeeseseeeeseees 32 6 3 11 Save Schematics ess 6 3 12 Save Options On ExitsrccssveccscesssavecessercsssyvasesccusnsoneneseauessBecnscecanrovenedcaneuavensseseuspeues 32 GA Repais linet e ET Gal ie es een E adi Mae la a lias 6 5 Experiments 6 6 Problems 6 7 Help ie GF Combe nts recasisivasrsessis EE E E EE E EEST EE 6 1 2 Topic Seati eneco e ir iE E E E E T E E et
24. at the bottom of the screen provides short explanations of items pointed to by the cursor 37 7 6 Placing the Circuit Components Components are selected from the Component bar and their symbols are moved by the mouse to the required position When you click the left mouse button the program locks the pins of the component symbol to the nearest grid dots Components can be positioned vertically or horizontally and rotated by 90 degree steps in a clockwise direction by pressing the key or in a counterclockwise direction with the key In addition some components like transistors can also be mirrored around their vertical axis by using the key on the numeric keypad You can also use the icons or the popup menu right mouse button to position components After a component symbol has been selected and positioned you may double click on it to enable a dialog window where you can enter parameter values and a label When entering numeric values abbreviations of integral powers from 10 2 to 10 2 can be used as indicated in Section 4 1 For example 1k is understood as 1 000 Note If you do not wish to run the analysis later on in the Tolerance mode you can ignore the tolerance parameters The Schematic Analyzer encourages you to enter a label for each component you place on the schematic Unless you are working in a great hurry and just want a quick answer or have created an extremely simple circuit entering labels
25. automatic setting of displayed amplitude Other parameters can be changed through the Edit Modify Parameters command or by double clicking on the part The signal analyzer always waits for the circuit to settle after each change of frequency before measuring the circuit output The signal analyzer always waits the specified gap time between samples However if the fast mode is enabled the signal analyzer does not wait between samples Furthermore in the fast mode Edison holds off the display of changes in the circuit measurements intensity of the bulbs sounds etc until the process finishes 5 19 Speaker The speaker transforms the AC voltage presented to its terminals into sound By default like a piezoelectric speaker Edison s speaker has a high resistance 1M Of course just like a real speaker it is able to play back multiple frequencies at the same time To get such an effect connect two signal generators in series with the speaker or build two independent circuits each with its own speakers This is a good way to demonstrate the phenomenon of beating Set up two signal generators whose frequencies differ only by 1 or 2 Hz and connect them to a speaker Note that the Speaker operates in DC AC mode only 26 5 20 Semiconductor Components Edison 4 offers a large range of semiconductor components diodes LEDs bipolar and MOS transistors logic gates flip flops operational amplifiers and timers are al
26. ay rubber lines connecting each terminal to one of the breadboard pins into which the terminals would be connected at the moment This option requires a fast computer so pay attention to how quickly your screen updates are made when it is engaged 6 3 9 Hidden circuit connections The breadboards contain several internal connections When you place components on the breadboard so that one or more of their terminals are connected within the breadboard the program will always automatically recognise and make the connections With this option Edison not only recognises the hidden connections but also displays them by drawing thin lines between the connected pins These lines stay visible even when the mouse is not near them 6 3 10 Hidden breadboard connections The breadboard contains several internal connections If this option is checked these hidden connections will appear as you move the cursor above the pins 6 3 11 Save schematics You can not only edit in the left 3D panel but you can also make adjustments in the schematic right panel This option tells Edison whether you want to save the right panel also Doing so means that when you next open the file everything will look as it did before saving Disabling this option is useful when you have made some mistaken adjustments on the right side and you want to undo them 6 3 12 Save Options on Exit This command serves as a switch In its On state the program will save the options
27. buttons od A To change the voltage in large steps 1 V as default click on the left button Clicking on the left or on the right side of a button specifies whether the power supply will decrease or increase its value This is shown by the small or signs above the buttons Hold down the mouse button and the voltage will continuously changing until you release it To change the voltage in small steps click on the right button in the same way You can change the power supply voltage limits increments etc through the Edit Modify Pa rameters command or by double clicking on the component on a neutral part of the shape Error status None Open 5 8 Resistors Gm GU Edison offers two resistors each operating the same way but differing in appearance The color coded resistor indicates its actual value with stan dard color coding The printed resistor has its resistance printed on it Note that the Shift bar changes the basic color of the color coded resistor You can change the resistance through the Edit Modify Parameters command or by double clicking on the part When you have set a new resistance value the default resistance value will change to this value If you then pick up another resistor from the shelf its value will be the new default value Error status None Open 5 9 Potentiometer Variable Resistor A potentiometer is a variable resistor with three termi nals There are two kinds of potentiometers a
28. circuits and simultaneously see the corresponding circuit schematic Edison also comes with over 100 experiments and problems that teachers and students can use immediately Select lifelike batteries resistors diodes LEDs transistors logic gates flip flops and even integrated circuits all easily available on the shelves of your multimedia lab Pick and drag components onto your worktable or plug them into the realistic virtual breadboard where you can even see the hidden internal connections Wire the parts together with the mouse and your circuit begins working immediately so you can test and troubleshoot it with virtual instruments In addition Edison automatically prepares a standard schematic diagram and displays it simultaneously File Edit Options Repair Experiments Problems Help File Edit Insert View Analysis Tools Help z Fr ma el Once you have become familiar with schematic diagrams you can use Edison s schematic editor and circuit analyzer compatible with the more advanced TINA circuit analysis program In addition to its virtual instruments which show results in small realistic instrument displays Edison presents data in a sophisticated analysis results window of desktop publishing quality Using the results window you can present circuit analyzes with full control over axes line style color and fonts You can even print these diagrams directly from Edison or cut and paste them into your favorite word pr
29. d you can do so by dragging and dropping Press the left mouse button on the component body or at the end of a terminal wire plugged into the breadboard hold the mouse button while moving and release the button when you have reached the desired place Slow and small movements will maintain connections and just modify the rubber terminal wires of the component Fast and large movements will tear out the component from the breadboard the rubber wires will go away and you can move and place the component again just like a new one In the same way by dragging and dropping you can move the end point of a wire already plugged into a breadboard hole When the cursor is in a position to drag the endpoint of a wire it changes to es symbol To drag the endpoint simply hold down the left mouse button and drag it to another position You can also modify the route of the wire by dragging any of its internal handles When the cursor is in a position to drag an internal point of a wire it changes to a E hand symbol Modifying an internal point of a wire will also modify the neighborhood of the point to keep the wire route smooth There are a few options for the use of the breadboards in the Options menu Check these options and try them out as they can significantly improve the efficiency and speed of your editing Preconnect IC pins If this option is on the program will show IC connections as rubber lines while moving the IC This is a de
30. dit Insert View Analysis 1 Control Pane z z FA m e fio s t O 0 Now select the shelf of the logic gates by repeatedly pressing the left or the right mouse button on an empty place on a shelf Click on the NOT gate and start moving it Place this part on the middle row of the breadboard Note that ICs should not be placed on any other location on a breadboard because their output terminals would be connected shorted by the hidden breadboard connections Drag and drop an alternate switch according to the figure Note that normal switches and alternate switches are located on separate shelves Now let s connect the battery to the IC The positive terminal of the battery should be connected to the Vcc pin of the IC Before starting the wire one should locate which terminal of the IC will be connected This can be done in two ways One can read the labels of the IC on the right side schematic diagram or the same labels can be read on the left side by moving the cursor close to the terminals of the IC Once Vcc is located start a wire at the upper terminal of the battery The end point of this wire should be one of those terminals of the breadboard which are internally connected to the Vcc terminal of the IC If the Hidden breadboard connections option is allowed one can easily locate which connections are built in the breadboard Now connect the terminal of the battery to the left most hole of the five inte
31. dow as described above 42 Using the Schematic Analyzer s graphic facilities you can add more useful information to your diagram As an example let s add markers a special annotation and the circuit schematic itself to the diagram To add markers to a curve move the cursor over the curve find a position when the cursor changes into a shape and click on the curve at this position When the curve becomes selected it turns red Now you can either doubleclick on it or press the right button of the mouse and select Properties on the popup menu A dialog box will appear and you can set the curve s parameters Color Line width Marker Select Marker Type Square and click on OK To add some text click on the E text icon When the Text editor appears type in Resonance Note that using the font icon of the editor you can select any font style size and color Click on OK and place the text in the neighborhood of the resonance peak Now click on the pointer icon then on the text and finally on the peak of the curve Note the your cursor will turn into a when you are at the right position You have just entered a line and arrow that will always point from the text to the curve even if you drag the text into another position or make other changes Now place the schematic itself on your diagram Click the schematic editor Window and select Edit Select All Copy this selection into the clipboard by selecting Edit Copy or clickin
32. e 6 7 3 How to Use Help ii hA Getting Startede iones eoir ee ir ese EE Eei E E T E EEE GSP Se ADOUE See ee alee ie eral a a walla sla A a uuu dtaa idles THE SCHEMATIC ANALYZER serhan ea E E in 34 7 1 What is the Schematic Analyzer sussies iii 34 7 2 Experimenting with Example Circuits 0 cccececcssesceseeecseeseeeeeeeseeeeeeaeeaeeeesesaeeeeeeeee 34 7 3 Schematic Editing Using the Mouse 34 7 4 Measurement Units oe rele 7 5 The Basic Screen Format 36 7 6 Placing the Circuit Component 00 0 cece es ceeseeescseeeceeseeseesaeseceeasseseeesseseeeeaees 38 TET E A E E E IE E O EE EE E E E A 39 7 7 Editing a Circuit Schematic i TAD Running an Analysis ieiet a yii r AE E EEE R F1 3 Analyzing a Digital Circuit areren serea EEE NEAT 44 7 7 4 Testing your circuit in interactive mode essseesesseeeseseeesesresstsrstsrsrsrsrsrsrsrsrersrsessses 47 COMPILING SETS OF EXPERIMENTS AND PROBLEMS sssssessesesesressrrssrsrerees 48 8 1 The Experiment Set Compiler ccccccsssesssessssesesssesecsosssssssssseosssesssevessassessssseoeesonss 48 8 2 The Problem Set Compiletic s senenstaeneanesieni nse E ERE ate aan ae 50 1 INTRODUCTION Edison provides a unique new environment for learning electricity and electronics Teachers students and electronics enthusiasts can use digitally scanned photorealistic components a solderless breadboard virtual instruments sound and animation to create test and safely repair lifelike 3D
33. e Reconnect to place or remove a connecting dot However it is better drafting practice to never make a connection at a wire crossing as this avoids ambiguity about the presence or absence of a dot Block or symbol copying After a block or symbol has been selected you may copy it by pressing Crtl C Then click outside the block or symbol to release it and press Crtl V You will see a copy of the block which you can place as you wish If the schematic window doesn t show enough room for the copy press Alt to zoom out Once you ve located the block click the left mouse button once to anchor it and a second time to deselect the moved block 7 4 Measurement Units When setting parameters for electronic components or specifying numerical values you may use standard electronic abbreviations For example you can enter 1k ohm for 1000 ohm The multiplicative factor abbreviations should follow the numeric value e g 2 7k 3 0M lu etc The following characters indicate multiplication factors p pico 10 2 T tera 1012 n nano 10 9 G giga 109 u micro 10 6 M mega 106 m milli 10 3 k kilo 103 Note Upper and lower cases must be carefully distinguished e g Mm and the selected letter must follow the numeric characters without a space e g Ik or 5 1G or the Schematic Analyzer will indicate an error 35 7 5 The Basic Screen Format After start up the following screen appears
34. e sign board with the hint The circuit should be series resonant Find the faulty part We have used EDIT MODIFY PARAMETER Error Status to set the capacitor to Shorted When the student attempts to solve a trouble shooting problem he may use the instruments on the board to help find the fault before using the repair tool In this problem the student might rewire the Signal Analyzer input so that its input is across the capacitor This would show a signal level less than 100dB as the Signal Analyser runs a sweep identifying the capacitor as shorted Note that at present Edison only supports the error statuses Open Shorted run down and Burnt out The others are reserved for future use by the developers of Edison Creating the problem set source file Having created the four problem circuits we next create the problem set source file FILTERS SRP You must use a text editor such as Notepad or Microsoft Word that can create and save files as pure ASCII text only This is a source file for Edison s problem compiler PROBLEMS EXE in the EDISON directory Before presenting our source file here are some rules and guidelines governing the syntax of this file No line can be more than 80 characters long You are not allowed to use a space in problem titles questions or answers you must use the caret character instead 51 There are eleven commands known to the compiler Four of them are global that is they apply
35. e will use later on Filter 1 as that title The second problem will present a bandpass filter with an LCR circuit We will ask the selection multiple choice question As the Signal Analyzer frequency rises what happens to the filter output The possible answers are rises falls or rises then falls We again create a new CIR file wiring the Signal Analyzer inductor capacitor and resistor together We will name our second problem circuit file P201 CIR and will store it in the directory EDISON PROBLEMS We will use Filter 2 later as the problem title The third problem will present a high pass filter and will ask for a value What will the output voltage be at 2kHz We will call this Filter 3 We will build the circuit naming the file P202 CIR and will place a Multimeter set to read AC volts 0 to peak We won t need to give the correct numerical value in our SRP file when we create it because Edison will compare the student s answer with the hidden value read by the Multimeter and will give credit if they match Edison will accept the answer if it is within 1 of the correct value The fourth problem will require the student to trouble shoot a circuit and find the faulty component We will call this problem Filter 4 and name its file P203 CIR The circuit is supposed to be series resonant at 1kHz and the student must find the fault that prevents it from being so In creating the CIR file we place a whit
36. ectric motor s sound properly on your sound card 3 USING THE EDITOR 3 1 The Screen Layout Edison 4 has a double panel screen layout The left main window shows a 3 D perspective view of the working area with component shelves on both sides You can pick up parts from the shelves by clicking on them with the left button of the mouse Move them to the working area and drop them into place by left clicking the mouse again When you move a component over the plug in breadboard it will change to a plug in type component if available The right panel presents the same parts using standard schematic symbols You can maximize the left window containing the 3D parts if you do not need the schematics Once you have become familiar with schematic symbols you may want to run just Edison s Schematic Analyzer available by pressing the Schematic Analyzer button in the demo starts the demo only or from the Edison folder of the start menu Both the left and right panels can be scrolled by dragging the scroll buttons at the right and bottom side 3 2 Parts These are the parts available in Edison Solderless breadboard Connector Simple switches Push button Alternative switches lt Relay Batteries DC power supply Resistor color coded or labeled Potentiometer variable resistor lt Electric bulbs Electric motor Capacitor Coil Meters voltmeter ammeter ohmmeter and multimeter
37. en computing AC Transfer curves and functions For even greater flexibility inputs or outputs can be established at nearly any location by using the Insert Input and Insert Output commands Note that you can define the input parameter for parameter sweeping only through the Insert Input command To insert an input or output move the cursor over the icon on the Tool bar click release and drag the input or output to the schematic node that it should define Then click the mouse button and hold it while you drag the input or output in the direction of the other node usually a ground reference node When the input or output has been extended to the second node release the mouse button Since an input reference can be established in so many ways it is important to remember that only one input at a time can be defined within a circuit Similarly in some of the Schematic Analyzer s analysis methods only one output can be defined within a circuit These methods include the Symbolic Analysis methods 38 7 7 Exercises 7 7 1 Editing a Circuit Schematic Create the circuit diagram of a series RLC network as shown in the next figure 3 RLC_1 Schematic Editor ioj x File Edit Insert View Analysis Tools Help pacad AN fo fo amp fe ae eae pe PET Il Basic Meters ASources 4 Semiconductors 4 Gates AFlip flops AMixed mode ALogic ICs Nodal Voltages Meters x L Out 1 0V_ 36 0m
38. f a component s connection terminals until the cursor changes into a small circle Press the left mouse button and start to draw the wire You can draw along any curve and Edison will create a smooth path You end a wire by moving the cursor to the second terminal and clicking the left mouse button The starting or ending terminal of a wire can also be any unoccupied terminal of a breadboard When the mouse is above the breadboard the cursor does not change to a circle although you can start or end a wire here If you need to connect three or more wires together into a node it may be neater to place a connector nearby and use it to terminate the additional wires You will find a connector on the shelf with the switches If a wire route is not right press the right mouse button to go back step by step You can also cancel the whole wire by pressing the escape key Esc To remove a wire you must first select it Position the pick up cursor over the wire at any point and click the left mouse button The wire will turn green and you may press the Delete button to delete the wire If you want to deselect a selected wire press any mouse button or Esc Deletion of a wire can also be managed by right clicking on the wire A popup menu appears and you choose the Delete option You can also modify routing of the wires Press the left mouse button when you see the hand symbol BY similar to the pick up cursor and hold the button down while freely movi
39. g on the Copy icon or using the Ctrl C hotkey Click on the Diagram Window and use Edit Paste or click on the Paste icon or use the Ctrl V hotkey The frame of the circuit diagram will appear Position and drop it at the left corner of your diagram Now you can still modify this picture by dragging or doubleclicking on it and changing its size frame or background za Noname AC Amplil Of x File Edit View Process Help AC transfer function Resonance 20 00 1 ws 10 00 1 R Cs CL s g 0 00 niet o oO 10 00 RLC Circuit NS R100 Lim 20 00 A 30 00 t a 40 00 10k 100k iM Frequency Hz Now perform a transient analysis First make sure your cursor is the selection arrow then doubleclick on the voltage generator and change the waveform to the default unit step After selecting Analysis Transient Analysis the following dialog box appears 43 Transient Analysis x St ey End display is Calculate operating point M Draw excitation M Integration method C Euler Gear Change the End display parameter J 0u to 30u then press OK In a separate window the transient response will appear Noname TR result olx File Edit View Help he BEEZRRSORS 2 00 TR result v t 1 1 001 e 510 c08 9 987 10 t 182 866 y eft Voltage V 0 00 T 1 T 1 T 1 0 00 10 00u 20 00u 30 00u Time s AC Amplit AC Nyquist A
40. g the print command while in the respective window 4 1 Building and analyzing circuits Let s build the RC circuit shown in the figure below Note that you can find this circuit in the EXAMPLES directory EXAMPLES RCTRAN CIR Click the 4 5 V battery on the shelf The cursor will assume the shape of a battery which you can move anywhere on the left side table Note that the schematic symbol of the battery will appear at the same time in the right window Now press the Ctrl key or key on the numeric keypad to rotate the battery by 90 degrees 16 Edison Retran cir nematic Analyser File Edit Options Repair Experiments Problems Help Edit Insert View Analysis H Control Pane A Fm wm el 4 gt 10 0m s t 0 eN v 45 To access more parts click anywhere on the background of the upper left side shelf containing the battery A new shelf will appear containing the resistor and capacitor we need Let s add the resistor and from the right bottom shelf the switch Before dropping them into place check the schematic diagram in the right window and make sure that the parts are on the same horizontal line Now let s change the value of the resistor by default the first resistor entered is set to 100 Ohms Double click on the resistor in the left window to get the RESISTOR dialog box Click in the Resistance field and change the value to 1k Now pick up a capacitor rotate it with the Ctrl key and drop it int
41. g to play the macro Start recording with the appropriate menu command or F5 Stop recording with the appropriate menu command or F8 Start replay with the appropriate menu command or F6 Interrupt playing with the Esc button 6 2 4 Modify Parameters Most Edison parts have one or more parameters that you can modify e g voltage resistance or error status If you set the error status you can simulate several possible part faults You can modify the parameters of a part by double clicking on the part in the editor However the error status cannot be altered in this way Note that in some cases the program will set the error status automatically while you are experimenting with a circuit For example if you overload a bulb it will blow up and its error status will be set to faulty In this case you can use the Repair or Repair All commands to fix the faulty parts The error status is also used in the problems provided with Edison where you have to find the faulty part 6 2 5 Delete The delete command allows you to delete the previously selected components or wires Note that you can also simply press the Delete key 6 2 6 Repair All This command will repair all faulty components at once If you use this during a problem solving trouble shooting session Edison will take into account that you have done so and you won t get any points for your solution 6 2 7 Repaint Use Repaint to repaint redraw the screen 6 3
42. ground disables the background picture and replaces it with light gray color The colored background preserves the background picture as seen on the Edison screen at export Include shelves This property sets whether Edison shelves containing the parts will be included in the picture Wire smoothness 1 10 Smoothness 1 corresponds to the smoothness of wires as seen on screen In a high resolution picture however much better smoothness can be achieved by increasing this parameter Wire width You can make exported wires thicker or thinner than their original width on screen Select a ratio greater than 100 for thicker lines or less than 100 for thinner lines If the wire width is big enough Edison will draw three dimensional cylindrical wires Wire color The program can export the wires in their original color or in black or in white Export to Windows metafile WMF is a compound file format This is why an WMF picture can be easily resized while maintaining its maximum resolution The resolution of a WMF export depends on the resolution of the individual bitmaps parts In Edison the resolution of the bitmaps is 300 DPI or better Scale As described above in the WMF format the resolution of the included pictures is always maximum The scale however determines the resolution of wire parts on the picture The greater the scale the smoother the wires Scale also determines the default size of the picture The greater the scale
43. h Button This part is similar to the simple switch except that its switching action is momentary the terminals will be connected only while you are holding down the left mouse button Error status None Open 5 4 Alternative Switches This switch is a single pole double throw switch SPDT and has three terminals Depending on the position of the button the middle terminal often called the wiper or common terminal is con nected to one of the terminals on the sides Error status None Open 5 5 Relay A relay is a controlled switch Edison s relay has three terminals arranged as in an alternate switch When the current in its coil reaches a certain value 35mA by default it changes the connection of the three terminals just like the alternate switch 5 6 Batteries Edison offers several batteries as DC sources 4 5 V battery 9 V battery 22 4 5 V battery from three 1 5 V pencil batteries connected in series These batteries are similar to typical low voltage batteries The batteries have an internal resistance parameter which can be zero default or user defined You can specify the internal resistance by using the Edit Modify Parameters command or double clicking on the part Error status None Run down 5 7 Power Supply This part is like a typical lab variable DC power supply with a digital voltage TF display You can quickly make voltage adjustments with the front panel
44. imum length that you re sure won t be exceeded W the maximum length of wav file names 1 Include the subdirectories in the path give the path relative to the directory that the Edison EXE file resides in slashes dots and file name and file extension and add 1 An example expments serial wav would be length 20 You use the remaining three commands to define a single experiment When you have finished the definition of the experiment use the two point characters command as a terminator The commands are D experiment title L experiment file name S the name of a sound file wav file extension is required to be played when the student opens the experiment You can use this for a musical signature to liven things up or for a speech file perhaps containing a short spoken introduction to the experiment SRE file Example Global definitions N 40 F 22 W 13 Experiment definitions D Serial lamps L EXPMENTS SERIAL CIR S EXPMENTS SERIAL WAV D Parallel lamps L EXPMENTS PARALLEL CIR There is no sound in this experiment D 3 experiment L EXPMENTS MIXED CIR E 49 Compiling the source file to create the EXP file When the source file for your experiment set is ready you must use the program called EXPMENTS EXE to create the EXP file that Edison can open and use Use Windows to access a DOS prompt and change to the EDISON directory likely to be C EDISON Notice that
45. ions menu Inductance values are typically expressed in H Henries mH or uH Edison offers a coil component inductor whose value its inductance is visible on the You can change the value through the Edit Modify Parameters command or by double clicking on the part Error status None Open Shorted 5 14 Meters Edison offers volt meters ammeters and ohmmeters all with digital dis play The red ter minal represents the positive input and the white terminal the negative They are considered ideal meters Error status None Open There is also a multimeter with five different functions It can work as Direct current voltage meter Alternating current voltage meter Resistance meter ohmmeter Direct current ampere meter Alternating current ampere meter 24 To select a function click on the appropriate label which will turn the main switch of the multimeter to the required position Some functions are not available on the front panel and can be reached by doubleclicking the multimeter at a neutral place When measuring alternating current voltage or current you can choose to measure the zero to peak value or the root mean square rms value through the Edit Modify Parameters command or by double clicking on the part 5 15 Using the Increasing Decreasing Buttons Edison offers increasing decreasing arrow buttons for the signal generator oscilloscope and signal analyzer The step size between values is a functi
46. ions menu is on 3 7 Selecting Moving and Deleting Parts in the Working Area To select a part move the cursor over the part find a place where the cursor is either its default arrow form or changes into a symbol then press the left mouse button When a part is selected a green frame appears around it 12 Note that for some components especially those which have buttons or displays left clicking has a second function when over some areas of the part e g at a switch s button Depending upon the kind of part left clicking at a given place will change a switch setting turn a potentiometer increase a parameter etc When you are above such areas the cursor will turn into a hand ty symbol In the following text we refer to such areas as active areas Other areas where the cursor is either its default arrow form or turns into a we will call neutral areas because a simple click just results a selection The form cursor means that the component has further parameters which you can see and change by double clicking the component Multiple selection Hold down Ctrl button while you are selecting the components one by one If you want to delete one or more parts select them in the above way then press Delete All selected components will be deleted When you delete a part all its connecting wires will also be deleted no unconnected wires can remain on the worktable To move a part to a new
47. ior of the circuit Selecting the Analysis Digital Timing Analysis command brings up this menu Digital Timing Analysis 45 The result is shown on the timing diagram below Noname DTR result OO x File Edit View Help P Sis NIOMSY Hh Input_A E Sum L H Ae Carry L 0 00 250 00u 500 00u 750 00u 1 00m Time s DTR resulti You could also select Transient instead of Digital Timing Analysis in which case the program would carry out an analog analysis giving the detailed continuous waveforms and voltages instead of idealized logic levels Note that circuits which contain only digital components can be analyzed by both digital and analog methods Circuits containing both analog and digital components on the other hand can only be analyzed by the analog method Next load the file EXAMPLES HALFADMX SCH Because this circuit has two passive parts a resistor and a capacitor The Schematic Analyzer must use analog or mixed mode Transient analysis The result is the time response below Noname TR result2 Of x File Edit View Help ale It7 VICI GED 0 00 250 00u 500 00u 750 00u 1 00m Time s TR result2 46 Notes You can set the order of the curves by simply appending a colon character and a number to the output name This is particularly important when presenting the results of digital analysis where each output is displayed as a separate diagra
48. l available as 3D components from Edison s shelves Note that if you want to place an IC on the breadboard you must place it in the middle strip because in any other position the breadboard s internal connections would short IC pins together Further semiconductor components e g logic ICs are available in Edison s Schematic Analyzer In Edison s 3D Lab only the forward current gain 8 of bipolar transistors and the threshold voltage of MOS transistors can be changed by double clicking on the part All model parameters of any semiconductor device are available in Edison s Schematic Analyzer where you can also select components using standard part numbers 5 21 Fuse The fuse automatically breaks the circuit and remains open if the current exceeds its maximum current While open it has an error status None Open The parameters can be changed through the Edit Modify Parameters command or by double clicking on the part If the fuse burns out you can repair it using the Repair command on the main menu Z Edison offers a fuse which can be placed both on the worktable or on the breadboard 5 22 Boards There are four different boards available with which you can add text information to experiments They are available only through the Edit Select Shelf menu To add text to a board already placed in the working area double click on it A small text editor window will appear where you can type in the desired text 27
49. location place the cursor over the selection area of the component and hold down the left mouse button By holding down the left button you can drag the part and drop it in a new location Note that in Edison when a part is dragged all wires connected will be moved accordingly but only if the Keep wires at move switch is on in the Option menu Another way to move a part is to press the right mouse button which will pop up a small menu containing the Move command Clicking on Move you can move the part without holding down a mouse button To drop the part at the new location press the left mouse button This popup menu also contains the Delete command so you can delete a part without having selected it A very convenient feature of Edison is that if you need to move a component or terminal wire already plugged into the breadboard you can do so by dragging and dropping Press the left mouse button on the component body or at the end of a terminal wire plugged into the breadboard hold the mouse button while moving and release the button when you have reached the desired place Slow and small movements will maintain connections and just modify the rubber terminal wires of the component Fast and large movements will tear out the component from the breadboard the rubber wires will go away and you can move and place the component again just like a new one 3 8 The Edison Control Panel Edison has three different modes of operation
50. lty component If you have found the faulty component Edison will reward you with applause and you will get the highest score if you are wrong you ll hear a disapproving sound In this case you can go on repairing the components one by one but each wrong attempt will reduce your score If the program prompts you to type in a value a value which would be displayed by a meter if there were no fault and you are right on the first trial Edison will applaud you and give you the highest score Edison will play an unpleasant sound if you are wrong Although Edison always applauds you when you give the right answer it reduces your score or sets it to zero after multiple trials 6 7 Help You can activate Edison s help system with this command 6 7 1 Contents By selecting this menu item or by pressing F1 you will jump to the help system Any time you are lost in the program or don t know how to proceed just press F1 and you will find detailed information about menus hotkeys commands etc 6 7 2 Topic search This leads you to the topic search window of the help system 6 7 3 How to use help Edison s help system is implemented as a standard Windows help system If you would like to learn about Windows help systems select this option 6 7 4 Getting started This help file contains the Getting started section of this material 6 7 5 About Use this command to obtain information about DesignSoft the version number of the p
51. m For example if you have outputs named OutA OutB Carry and Sum you can ensure that they will be displayed in the order given by using the labels OutA 1 OutB 2 Carry 3 and Sum 4 The results of a purely analog analysis normally appear in one diagram however you can force the Schematic Analyzer to display the results as separate diagrams in the order you desire by using the labeling method described above You must use the View Separate Curves command in the Diagrams window to separate the curves If you don t use this labeling method the Schematic Analyzer presents the curves in alphabetical order 7 7 4 Testing your circuit in interactive mode When everything is in order the ultimate test of your circuit is to try it in a real life situation using its interactive controls such as keypads and switches and watching its displays or other indicators You can carry out such a test using the Schematic Analyzer s interactive mode Not only can you play with the controls but you can also change component values and even add or delete components while the analysis is in progress You can activate the interactive mode with the and H buttons located on the right side of the toolbar First select the interactive mode required DC AC Transient or Digital with the H button then press the button Now the displays and indicators in your schematic will reflect whatever you do with the controls In addition to displays the Sche
52. manding graphics task so you will need a fast computer and graphics card to exploit it This feature is disabled by default Hidden circuit connections The program will show the internal breadboard connections in use This helps to check if your parts are plugged into the proper place Hidden breadboard connections While moving with the mouse above the breadboard Edison will show the internal breadboard connections under the mouse While this option is useful during circuit creation or editing it sometimes is disturbing e g during demonstrations In that case you can disable it 3 5 Selecting Shelves The components available in Edison are grouped on so called shelves at the upper left and lower right corners of the 3D window You can switch among the component shelves by clicking on the shelf s background Left clicking switches the shelves forward right clicking switches the shelves backward 11 Note that the sign board shelf boards of various sizes used for entering text can only be activated from the Edit Select shelf menu To help identify a component move the mouse over it and see a hint giving the component name This hint can be enabled or disabled though the Hints above shelves command in the Options menu 3 6 Adding Deleting and Modifying Wires After you have placed the parts in the working area or on the breadboard it is time to connect them with wires To start a wire run move the cursor toward one o
53. many groups of connection points with internal connections All you have to do is plug in the components and add wires to complete your circuit Edison s virtual breadboard makes building circuits extremely easy since it can show the internal connections whenever you need them and can also show how the parts already placed are connected The startup screen of Edison 4 does not contain the breadboard As described in the previous section you can drag and drop parts to your worktable and connect them with wire using the mouse This technique is easier to follow and perhaps even better for explaining circuit operation However if you wanted to assemble a real circuit on your workbench you would need a soldering iron and special connectors to connect the parts and wires It is much easier to assemble a real circuit using a breadboard which can be perfectly simulated in Edison s virtual breadboard To place a breadboard on the worktable use the File New command and enable the breadboard with the Use breadboard checkbox You can also set the size of the breadboard here to a multiple of the basic breadboard liol x CAAA POPPE PEPE E PEEP E DEARA AAAPP POPPE DAGAS DAGGER GAARAA FOAAAPAPPLAPEPPPLPEPEPPPPPPPEEE COOP PPAPPEPPPPPPPLEPPPEPPEE CAPA APPPPPPAPPPPPDPPPPPPPPPPDE FAPPPPPPPPLPPPPEPPDEPEDPPDEOE PFAPPPPPPPPPPPAAEDAAAAPEPEPEEE SAP PPPPPPLPPPPPPAPPPAPAPPEEEDE PAAPPLPAPPPPPPPPPAPDPEPAPEPEEE FOPPPPPAPPPPPPEPPEPEPPPEPEEEE FAPPPPPPP
54. matic Analyzer has special multimedia components light bulb motor LED switch etc which respond with light motion and sound To try out the interactive mode load the DISPKEY SCH circuit from the EXAMPLES folder The circuit is shown below Select the Digital mode using the H button and then press the button the button will turn red Now you can play with the keypad and watch as the 7 segment display shows the setting of the keypad If you have a soundcard on your PC you will even hear the key clicks of the pad You can find further multimedia examples in the EXAMPLES directory DISPKEY Schematic Editor File Edit Insert A a Tools 47 8 COMPILING SETS OF EXPERIMENTS AND PROBLEMS Edison is greatly enhanced by the inclusion of two utility programs with which you can create sets of experiments and problems optimized for your teaching circumstances These programs run under DOS and are not Windows programs furthermore they are command line driven no menus and use ASCII source files You will need a simple text editor to create modify the input files 8 1 The Experiment Set Compiler An experiment set is a group of Edison circuit files that emulate the DC AC circuits lab experience and focus on a particular aspect of circuit fundamentals They are used in learning situations such as homework or lab exercises The circuit files are bound together as an experiment set so that the student can open them as a grou
55. nd evaluate the results Keep in mind that every command may be aborted by pressing the Esc key or clicking on the Cancel button 7 3 Schematic Editing Using the Mouse Here are some basic mouse techniques to help you edit schematics Using the right mouse button If you press the right button of the mouse at any time a popup menu appears Using this menu you can Cancel Mode Exit from the last operation e g moving a component drawing a wire Last Component Return to the last component and reposition it Wire Switch to wire drawing mode In this mode the cursor turns into a pen Place a wire by holding down the left key of the mouse and dragging the pen Delete Delete selected component s Rotate Left Rotate Right Mirror Rotate or mirror the component currently selected or being moved Properties Use this command to edit the properties value label of the component currently selected or being moved From the Properties menu you can set all parameter of a component while it is still unplaced This lets you place multiple copies of the component all with the properties just entered While you are in the component property editor the right mouse button has another function When you are editing the field of any component parameter other than the label field you can copy that field to the label field by pressing the right mouse button and then selecting the Copy to Label command You can accomplish the same thing by simpl
56. nd hold down the left mouse button and drag the selected parts with the mouse While dragging you can use the and keys to rotate and mirror components Move any component label separately by clicking on it and dragging Modify component parameter value s and labels of the component by double clicking on it Of course if you want to keep these changes you must save the circuit again 7 7 2 Running an Analysis The Schematic Analyzer has a variety of analysis modes and options The analysis method is analog when a circuit contains only analog components then the components are modeled with their analog models The analysis method is mixed when a circuit contains both analog and digital components then the components are modeled with their analog models The analysis method is digital mode when a circuit contains only digital components then the components are modeled with their fast digital models Now execute AC and transient analyses on the RLC circuit you have just entered 41 J RLC_1 Schematic Editor File Edit Insert View Analysis T amp M Tools Help panAno Ga Makah Basic Meters Sources Semiconductors G ates Flip flops Logic ICs Analog Control RLC Circuit a R 100 L m A eae 7 Source r C in T Vou L g First perform an AC nodal analysis Select Analysis AC analysis Calculate nodal voltages Now your cursor will turn into a te
57. ng the mouse See how Edison will at first just refine the wire path or will create a new path if you lead your mouse over a new path You can also change the connection points the two ends of a wire using the drag and drop feature When the cursor is in position to drag the endpoint of a wire it changes to va Note that unless the wire connects to the breadboard you must select the wire first by clicking on an internal point of the wire If you don t clicking on the end of a wire would initiate starting a new wire from the same terminal If you drop the end point of a wire at a point which is not a connection point the operation will be undone When drawing wires in Edison 4 keep in mind that the wires in the schematic diagram are also being generated at the same time Edison tries to make neat right angled wires from the freehand wires you draw Keep an eye on the schematic and check that the schematic wire is acceptable If not go to the right side and modify the path of the wire as you wish To do this first select the wire then drag and drop any part of the wire using its anchor points You can also modify the color and the width of a freehand wire Double click on a wire and set the parameters appearing in the dialog box Note that the hidden connections in use in a breadboard are automatically shown in the schematic diagram and can be also shown on the breadboard if the Hidden circuit connections switch in the Opt
58. ng the scroll bars at the right and bottom of the screen When selecting the New command on the File menu the system automatically aligns the origin of the editor window with the center of the entire editor drawing area The same is true when an existing circuit file is loaded as this is the default window position You can think of the schematic as existing on several layers In addition to the primary layer that holds components wires and text there are two other drawing layers which you can turn on or off individually It is generally convenient to have these two layers on View Pin Markers On Off Displays hides component pin ends A grid of closely spaced dots covering the entire drawing area may be made visible or invisible in the schematic window depending on the current state of the grid button of the Grid On Off switch on the View menu At some schematic zoom levels you will not see the dots of the grid nevertheless all component pins and connecting wires will be on grid These dots represent the only available interconnecting points Component symbols are positioned on the drawing area horizontally and vertically These symbols are rigid patterns with predefined pin positions and are handled as single units This permits the software to unambiguously recognize the network nodes View Grid On Off Displays hides the grid The Tool bar You can select most of the editor commands e g select zoom wire etc from this to
59. nt mode To see how the capacitor acquires charge click the Set single transient mode button of the control panel window and set the analysis time to 10m Click on the switch button This will start the transient analysis and draw the result on the oscilloscope File Edit Options Repair Experiments Problems Help Eile Edit Insert View Analysis 1 Control Pane O i alio m el gt 10 0m s t 10 0m To get a more accurate picture of the charging curve with greater detail and easier to read values move the cursor over the oscilloscope When the cursor changes to a press the right mouse button From the popup menu that appears select diagram and a detailed diagram appears in a new window You can print this diagram on a printer export it WMF format or copy and paste it into your word processor Before using the diagram in these ways you can add text and markers change line style customize axes etc Check for further information in the Diagram Window s Help screens and in the introduction to the Schematic Analyzer in the next chapter 4 3 AC analysis To demonstrate Edison s AC analysis capabilities load the circuit EXAMPLES RCAC CIR In this circuit the sinusoidal input and output voltages of an RC circuit are shown The 3D voltmeter displays the output amplitude while the schematic voltmeter displays the phase You can also see the amplitude and phase difference on the oscilloscope Change the frequency
60. o place once again taking care to maintain horizontal alignment in the schematic diagram Change the value of the capacitor to lu To access the voltmeter and the oscilloscope click anywhere on the bottom shelf and on the upper shelf Note that you can select prior shelves by clicking the left mouse button Now drop the oscilloscope and the voltmeter as shown above Double click on the oscilloscope and set the B channel amplitude to 5 and the Time interval to 10m Note that you can also set these values by clicking the control buttons Finally let s connect the parts with wire When you position the cursor over the terminal of a part the cursor changes to a small circle Click the left mouse button and use the mouse to trace the wire When the wiring cursor reaches the target terminal the cursor once more changes to a small circle Click the left mouse button to end the wire While extending the wire pay attention to the schematic window and try to make the wiring neat With a little practice you will be able to create professional looking schematics and neat easy to read wiring diagrams at the same time After you have placed a wire you can still edit it on both sides of the screen If you edit the wire on the left 3D screen it will effect both the 3D and the schematic views If you want to just edit a wire on the schematic diagram click the wire to select it and then drag it using the anchors displayed after selection 17 4 2 Transie
61. ocessor One of the most intriguing and innovative features of the new Edison is that it can not only calculate voltages and currents but also for linear circuits show how these results are derived or mathematically described For example you can learn how to use Ohm s law how the output of a filter varies with frequency and how the voltage of a charging capacitor varies as a function of time You can see read hear and experiment with a wide assortment of scenarios using the electrical and electronics experiments included with Edison You can also use the problems included with Edison to practice trouble shooting Edison comes with the tools you need to create your own experiments and problems Edison bridges the gap between games and serious design Students and electronics enthusiasts will love playing with Edison as they learn the basics of electronics and take their first steps towards real circuit design Edison runs under Windows 95 98 Windows ME Windows NT or Windows 2000 and requires a computer with at least a Pentium processor The faster your computer and your video card are the more exciting Edison s graphics will be A Pentium II or Pentium III computer is highly recommended When you have a question or need help refer not only to this manual but also to the on line help system Some information can be found only in the on line help system 2 INSTALLATION 2 1 Hardware and Software Requirements
62. of the form R4 10k is good practice The first part of the label R4 is required for any of the symbolic analysis modes other than the semi symbolic modes The numeric part of the label 10k is only for visual schematic documentation During symbolic analysis the Schematic Analyzer will use the numeric value in the value field not the one in the label Wire A wire establishes a simple short zero ohm connection between two component pins To place a wire select the Insert Wire command hotkey Space move to the beginning point press and hold the left mouse button drag the connecting wire to the end point and then release the mouse button Wire segments are always vertical or horizontal Be sure not to leave any component nodes unconnected When you have completed wiring use the popup menu press the right mouse button or press the Esc key to terminate the wiring mode Input and Output Certain types of analysis DC Transfer characteristic Bode diagram Nyquist diagram Group delay Transfer function cannot be executed until both input and output have been selected These establish where the excitation is applied and where the circuit response is taken The output s chosen also determine which curve s will be displayed in the chosen analysis mode Sources and generators can be configured as inputs while meters can be configured as outputs However meters can also serve to determine the location of the input quantity that will be used wh
63. ol bar The Component bar Components are arranged in groups named by the tabs on the Component bar Once you have selected a group the available component symbols appear above the tabs When you click on the desired component and release the button the cursor changes to that component symbol and you can move it anywhere in the drawing area You can also rotate the component by pressing the or keys on your computer s numeric keypad or mirror it by pressing the asterisk key also on your computer s numeric keypad Once you have selected the part s position and orientation press the left button of the mouse to lock the symbol in place The Task bar The Task bar appears at the bottom of the screen and provides speed buttons for the various tools or T amp M instruments currently in use Each tool or instrument operates in its own window and can be made active by clicking on its speed button icon of the tool Once the cursor is over the speed button a brief hint appears Note that the first button furthest to the left the Lock schematic button has a special function When the Lock schematic button is pressed the schematic window is locked in place as a background behind other windows so that it can never cover a diagram or virtual instruments When the schematic window is not locked and it is currently selected you will always see the entire schematic window with any other windows hidden behind The Help line The Help line
64. on is finished When a single or continuous simulation run is finished the Start Stop button pops out move the cursor over a voltmeter ammeter or oscilloscope and click the right mouse button Then select Diagram in the popup menu 3 10 Deriving Formulas One of the most innovative features of Edison is that it can not only calculate voltages and currents but can also for linear circuits show how these results are derived or mathematically described In DC AC mode this means that the program will give you a detailed solution showing how the numerical result was derived Position the cursor over a voltmeter or ammeter press the right mouse button and select Formulas To get AC formulas you must select Formulas above a multimeter in AC mode Note that this is only possible for linear circuits containing resistors capacitors coils and batteries Nonlinear components such as transistors diodes and ICs are not allowed In most of these nonlinear components it is simply not possible to describe the result with formulas However you can still use simplified linear models for semiconductors and derive formulas for them in the Schematic Analyzer included in the system There are two more ways to derive formulas in Edison 14 Clicking above a Signal Analyzer you can get the transfer characteristic of linear circuits functions describing the circuit s amplification or attenuation as a function of the complex frequency s jw F
65. on of the present setting of the total range If you hold a button down the value will continuously increase or decrease If you hold the button down for a longer time the step size will be increased 10 times allowing you to quickly cover a bigger range 5 16 Signal Generator The signal generator generates an alternating voltage at the displayed frequency amplitude and phase The signal is always a sine wave The signal generator is designed so that you can quickly change the most important parameters directly from the front panel By using the increasing decreasing buttons you can increase or decrease a parameter this is a fine setting Clicking on the rotary knobs turns them in big steps You can also hold down the mouse button on a knob to get a continuous change Front panel knobs are available for Frequency Amplitude Phase Other parameters can be changed through the Edit Modify Parameters command or by double clicking on the generator at a neutral place Error status None Open 5 17 Oscilloscope The oscilloscope can display two channels simultaneously Channel A data appears in a red curve and channel B in blue Terminal A and terminal B represent the positive input of the respective channel The ground is common for both channels Below the scope s screen there are numerical displays The first shows the A channel maximum amplitude the second shows the B channel maximum amplitude and the third shows the total
66. on your monitor E Noname Schematic Editor BEE Edit Insert View Analysis Tools Help SBEIEEI of o T A Eos Ground OES SES ie es ee Basic Meters Sources Semiconductors Gates Flip flops Mixed mode Logic ICs X242 Y 145 The screen consists of these principal elements 1 The Menu bar 2 The Cursor or pointer This is used to select commands and to edit schematics You can move the cursor only with the mouse Depending on the mode of operation the cursor assumes one of the following forms An arrow when a command selection is required in the edit window A component symbol accompanied by an arrow and small box when inserting that component onto the circuit in the schematic window Until the position of the component on the schematic is chosen its movement is controlled by the mouse A pen when defining the endpoint of a wire An elastic line when defining the endpoint of a wire or the second node of an input or output An elastic box when defining a block after fixing its first corner A dashed line box when positioning a component label or a text block A magnifying glass when defining a zoom window 36 3 4 5 6 7 The Schematic window This shows the circuit schematic currently being edited or analyzed The schematic window is actually a window onto a larger drawing area You can move the screen window over the full drawing area usi
67. ook computers where there often is no numeric keypad will appreciate that the Ctrl key has the same function as the numeric key and the Shift key as the numeric key If you have already placed a part and want to rotate it or change it to an equivalent part click on it press the right mouse button and select Move on the popup menu Now you can rotate it or select an alternative part and place it again To cancel the placement of a part press the right mouse button or the Esc key You cannot place one part over another When placing a component on the left side its schematic version is also placed on the right side You can freely move the schematic symbol or wire on the right schematic side by clicking and dragging This will not affect its original placement on the left side and its original connections will be kept You can use this technique to make the automatically generated schematic diagrams neater and more readable 3 4 Using the Plug in Breadboard eee ee eewnee eee eee s eeee eee s s eee s s s SPP ee ee SPE ee One of the most significant innovations of Edison 4 is the virtual breadboard Breadboards or plug boards or white boards as they are sometimes called are used for testing and experimenting with electronic circuits They are very convenient since they provide
68. or example you can get the frequency response of a filter Clicking above an Oscilloscope voltmeter or ammeter you can get the time response in the form of a formula describing the selected voltage or current as a function of time For example you can get the voltage or current of a charging capacitor as a function of time 15 4 GETTING STARTED To start Edison click the Start button select the Edison 4 folder and click on Edison From the File menu at the left hand side of the screen select the Open command From the list that appears select EXAMPLES MEVDIV CIR File Edit Options Repair Experiments Problems Help File Edit Insert View Analysis Tools Help z FA mj e fio s t 0 R1 100 0 pa SE v 45 R2100 Move the cursor over the switch and see it change into a a hand symbol click the switch to see the output voltage go on and off Then leaving the switch on move the cursor over the voltmeter in the left window and click the right mouse button The following pop up menu will appear Diagram Formulas Delete Move Select Formulas and note the dialog box that appears giving the solution and showing how the voltage was calculated Copy the formulas to the clipboard with Edit Copy or Ctrl C and paste them into the schematic diagram using Edit Paste in the right window or clicking on the right window and then pressing Ctrl V You can print the left or right side windows by usin
69. ou can switch between shelves by clicking on the grey background of a shelf see Using the Editor Selecting Shelves paragraph Note however that the shelf containing boards where you can place text is only accessible from the Edit Select Shelf command 6 2 2 Background picture Using this command you can select your own background picture for the working area The picture s bitmap should be of maximum 128x128 points with the same width and depth You can use bitmaps given with Edison or others copied to the same Edison subdirectory If you select Link background to files Edison will load and set the background picture together with the circuit files 6 2 3 Macro Use the macro functions if you want to record and replay a specific sequence of actions in Edison to create a demonstration Almost all menu commands can be recorded in a macro and you can record all events on the shelves and the working area When creating a macro place an Open or New command at the beginning Edison cannot put a new part on top of an existing one After finishing recording you can save a macro and load it later with the appropriate menu commands There is also a special menu item that you can use to concatenate a previously saved macro with the macro currently existing in memory To create a chain of macros first load the starting macro then concatenate the following macros one by one After the last macro save the result as a combined macro under a
70. ould connect the signal analyzer Out terminals to the input terminals of the circuit to be tested Next connect the In terminal of the Signal Analyzer to the output of the circuit being tested The ground is common for both the Out and In terminals and must be connected to the circuit Push the Run button to start the signal analyzer s sweep You can get a detailed diagram in a separate window by right clicking on the Signal Analyzer and selecting diagram from the popup menu The signal analyzer places the most important parameters directly on the front panel so they are easy to change You can increase and decrease the start and stop frequencies in decade steps The startand stop frequencies are displayed to the left and right of the analyzer s message line Press the Mode button to change the display mode to linear V displays the output in volts linear amplification displays the ratio of the output to the input in volts volt and logarithmic displays the ratio of the output to the input in dB modes The active display mode is shown in the message line of the signal analyzer By using the increasing decreasing buttons you can increase or decrease parameters in steps while by using the direct set buttons you can directly enter the numeric value of the following parameters Displayed maximum amplitude Displayed minimum amplitude Signal amplitude The auto button is used for
71. p and thread through them using the Experiment menu Although a circuit file is loaded for each experiment when in experiment set mode Edison does not allow the student to save the circuit file this prevents him from modifying the files In general though the student has most of the tools and commands available to him while in experiment set mode Creating an Experiment Set Once you ve decided to create a new experiment set you must do the following Define the focus and scope of the experiment set Define each of the individual experiments Create an Edison circuit file CIR for each experiment Create an experiment set source file SRE Compile the SRE file to create the experiment set output file EXP Debug the experiments and correct any errors found Example Let s make an experiment set consisting of three experiments using light bulbs and focused on series parallel circuits We ll call the problem set LAMPS EXP Creating the CIR experiment files In the first experiment file SERIAL CIR we might take three or four light bulbs and several ammeters and wire them together in series Finally we could wire the series circuit back through a switch to a power supply The ammeters will demonstrate that the current is the same in all parts of the circuit We could add voltmeters across each bulb so that the student could see that the sum of the voltage drops equals the power supply voltage We could al
72. reneseere 16 4 2 Transient Mode we 18 4 3 AC analysis 18 4 4 AC characteristic seess 18 4 5 Building a Circuit Using a Breadboard o00 ccc ceceeeescseeeeeeseseeesseseeeeeesesseecaesaeees 20 THE PARTS 722 5 1 Connector 22 D2 SIPI S WINES i o a AA E RaR AA RA A A TE A 22 5 3 Pushy Button kesrin reei eei E EEE AERE re TO EEE ERSTES EEEo SPO EE ER ETE E ER iE SE eiS 22 5 4 Alternative Switches 22 So Relay rnap EEE a ER AAA EE EE 22 5 6 Batteries cic cccsscsssesstccseveistsadecessztsuasiashecseatcagangecsbounstacsevahshgadeveensiodesdsleasgovbouetdtectbveesbaceetslebaa 22 5 7 Power Supply z293 58 RESISTOTS inisieer iisip istreni 723 5 9 Potentiometer Variable Resistor 23 5 10 Blectiric Bulbs orestis pesitos iterii iosia EE aesa TREERE sotssatscas tees neasasieeresssonseeaaadieeaae 24 5 11 24 5 12 24 5 13 24 5 14 24 5 15 Using the Increasing Decreasing Buttons s se ssssssessssssersistsrestseresrerestesssrsrereneersresre 25 5 16 Signal Generator sorserion istos riaan Ees Eaa EA O a RETEA S EEES 25 5 17 Oscilloscope 25 5 18 Signal AHA YZEL oroi Eri T EE E EA T E N 26 5 19 Speaker ian uaa a a EE TE EAN EA ARA 26 5 20 Semiconductor Components 27 S21 USC cis sicectstesvseeceveasechtetyaeeets 27 922 BOATS save scsusvisecessdacuesavagequsesescescesetssaegedecadasussedeciasivisvelsodasseavatvataa TAE 27 THE COMMAND S s zis sesyscochSacatut cies su E E EEEE IEAA EEE EEESC E
73. rnally connected holes at the bottom of the breadboard Then connect the second hole with a wire to the Ground pin of the IC using a vertically placed internal connection of the breadboard 20 Now connect the terminals of the alternate switch to the battery and to the Al pin of the IC according to the figure Note that real logic ICs always contain several gates In this case the IC contains 6 NOT gates which can be used separately In this presentation we will use only gate 1 The LED should now be placed on the breadboard Let s first simply drop it somewhere near its position in the figure Once it is placed we can easily adjust its position on the breadboard Click on the body of the LED and drag it slowly to final position Now drag its left terminal to one of those terminals of the breadboard which is internally connected to the Y1 pin of the IC Similarly connect the other LED terminal to the position shown in the figure Finally place the resistor on the breadboard and connect it to the LED as shown in the figure Double click on the resistor and set its value to 220 Ohms You can easily check the connections by looking at the right hand panel Now we can test the circuit If every connection has been made correctly the NOT gate will function properly the LED will light when Ground is connected to the Al input of the gate and vice versa To finish the circuit you may want to make some adjustments on the right side Drag and
74. rogram copy you are running as well as certain other details 33 7 THE SCHEMATIC ANALYZER 7 1 What is the Schematic Analyzer Once you become familiar with schematic diagrams you can use Edison s Schematic Analyzer to simulate complicated analog and digital circuits In addition to the components in the Edison 3D Lab you can select parts from a catalog based on real analog and digital ICs You can examine analog circuits using DC AC and transient analysis and digital circuits through step by step or complete timing diagram analysis Derive transfer functions or time responses check your homework or draw poles and zeros with the Schematic Analyzer s unique symbolic analysis You can refer to any circuit parameter either by symbolic name or by value on a component by component basis This helps you not only develop an in depth understanding of circuit operation but also saves hours of work deriving or checking formulas 7 2 Experimenting with Example Circuits Start the program and click the File menu item in the top line of the screen to roll down the File menu Now select the Open command and the standard open dialog box appears with SCH indicating that a file name with SCH extension is requested Select the EXAMPLES subdirectory and a list of files with SCH extensions appears After selecting one of the files the circuit schematic will appear Now you can execute an analysis modify or expand the network a
75. set in the menus before exiting so that after program restart the menus will be in the previously saved state 6 4 Repair Use this command to repair faulty parts After selecting this command the cursor assumes the shape of a screwdriver that you can use to point to the faulty component In normal editing and experimenting mode Edison will remove the error in the part and restore its shape to normal In problem solving mode Edison will applaud you when you find a faulty component and laugh mercilessly at you when you try to repair a good part 32 6 5 Experiments Use this command to see hear and experiment with the electrical scenarios included in the pro gram If you have already opened a set of experiments File Open Experiment Set you can choose a particular experiment from several topics Once an experiment is selected Edison will load the appropriate circuit and sound file Then you can follow the audible instructions or the on screen comments or just start experimenting on your own 6 6 Problems Use this command to solve problems and trouble shoot circuits provided with the program If you have already opened a problem set File Open Problem Set you can choose from several tasks Generally you have to find the faulty component or type in the correct value When you think you have found the faulty component you can repair it by activating the Repair command Use the screwdriver to point to the presumably fau
76. so sprinkle a few sign boards around with helpful comments and suggestions for experimentation We use File New to create the CIR file Typically circuit files for experiments are named something like E60 CIR Use a program such as File Manager or Explorer to display the file names in the directory EDISON EXPMENTS and make sure that the file name you are using is not already taken We will name our first problem circuit file SERIAL CIR and will store it in the directory EDISON EXPMENTS We will also need an experiment title for the SRE file and we will use later on Serial lamps as that title As an added touch we have created a sound file SERIAL WAV that we want Edison to play when the student opens this experiment In the same fashion we create the other two circuits PARALLEL CIR and MIXED CIR Creating the experiment set source file Having created the three experiment circuits we next create the experiment set source file LAMPS SRE You must use a text editor such as Notepad or Microsoft Word choose Save As Text Only that can create and save files as pure ASCII text only This is a source file for Edison s experiment set compiler EXPMENT EXE in the EDISON directory so you are actually creating a little computer program and must strictly obey the conventions of Edison s programming language 48 Some people start a source file from scratch while others take an existing file copy it rename it
77. son can open and use Use Windows to access a DOS prompt and change to the EDISON directory likely to be C EDISON Notice that since you are in the EDISON directory where PROBLEMS EXE resides you need to precede the SRP and PRB file names with path subdirectory where these files are to be found 53 PROBLEMS lt path input file name SRP gt lt path output file name PRB gt In our case we type PROBLEMS PROBLEMS FILTERS SRP PROBLEMS FILTERS PRB and follow it by pressing the ENTER key The program PROBLEMS EXE reads the source file and creates the problem file FILTERS PRB You should now be able to run Edison select File Open Problem Set and open up the PRB file you created The next step is to open each problem to make sure they are all working as expected 54
78. st probe which you can connect to any node In a separate window the nodal voltages will be displayed If you have placed any meters on the schematic clicking on them with the probe will present detailed information from that instrument Note that you can acquire DC nodal voltages in a similar fashion through DC Analysis Now select AC Analysis AC Transfer Characteristic from the main menu The following dialog box appears AC Transfer Characteristic x Diagn By default Amplitude amp Phase will be calculated Select Amplitude and Nyquist in stat Pl SEVES ta addition Modify the Start End frequency Hz frequency to 10k and then press Number of points OK A progress bar will appear while the program is calculating M Sweep type C Linear Logaithmic After the calculations are finished the Bode amplitude characteristic will appear in the fc hE Diagram Window You can easily T Phase T Group Delay switch to Nyquist or IV Amplitude amp Phase Amplitude amp Phase diagrams by using the Tabs at the bottom of the Diagram Window You can read exact input output values by enabling one or more of the cursors Note that in any representation you can get and place the formula of the transfer function using Symbolic Analysis and selecting AC Transfer or Semi Symbolic AC Transfer The formula will appear in the Equation Editor Window and you can place it either on the Diagram or the Schematic win
79. the faulty component only one allowed and may use meters and switches to do so Once she thinks she has found the faulty component she can click on it with the repair tool and find out if she was right 50 Example Let s make a problem set focusing on basic audio filters and consisting of four problems We ll call the problem set FILTER PRB Creating the CIR problem files The first problem will present a Signal Analyzer and an RC low pass filter We expect the student to be able to analyze the filter circuit and predict the circuit response We will ask the multiple choice question As the Signal Analyzer frequency rises what happens to the filter output The possible answers are rises falls or rises then falls The circuit features the signal analyzer and a capacitor and resistor in series We use File New to create the CIR file and place the Signal Analyzer R and C components on the board After setting the desired R and C values and wiring the components together we save the circuit with a unique name Typically circuit files for problems are named something like P60 CIR Use a program such as File Manager or Explorer to display the file names in the directory EDISON PROBLEMS and make sure that the file name you are using is not already taken We will name our first problem circuit file P200 CIR and will store it in the directory EDISON PROBLEMS We will also need a problem title for the SRP file and w
80. the greater the default size However the picture can always be resized without any loss Include shelves This property sets whether the EDISON shelves will be included in the picture Background You can select three options here The white background disables the background picture and replaces it with pure white color The light gray background disables the background picture and replaces it with light gray color The colored background preserves the background picture as seen on the Edison screen at export Wire smoothness 1 10 Smoothness 1 corresponds to the smoothness of wires as seen on screen In a high resolution picture however much better smoothness can be achieved by increasing this parameter Wire width You can make exported wires thicker or thinner than their original width on screen Select a ratio greater than 100 for thicker lines or less than 100 for thinner lines If the wire width is big enough Edison will draw three dimensional cylindrical wires Wire color The program can export the wires in their original color or in black or in white Transparent bitmaps Because some programs are not able to read Edison s WMF output properly if it contains transparent bitmaps Edison allows you to export the parts without transparency You can manage transparency manually in a DTP desktop publishing program 6 1 8 Copy to clipboard With this command you can copy the actual Edison screen to the Windows clipboard with
81. ulb holders You can select an alternative bulb by pressing the Shift key or the numeric key while moving To change the direction of the lamps press the Ctrl key or the key on the numeric keypad By default they are all of the same nominal voltage and power The higher the power the lower the bulb resistance These parameters can be changed with the Edit Modify Parameters command or by double clicking on the part Error status None Burnt out 5 11 Electric Motor The electric motor accepts either DC or AC power and will turn faster or slower depending on the applied voltage When supplied with DC voltage the direction of rotation will depend on the polarity of the voltage Like the electric bulb the motor has power and voltage parameters which can be changed with the Edit Modify Parameters command or by double clicking on the part Error status None Open Shorted 5 12 Capacitor You can change the value through the Edit Modify Parameters command or by double clicking on the part Error status None Open Shorted The capacitor s value its capacitance is visible on the right panel but can also be displayed by moving the cursor over the capacitor if Hints above circuits is enabled in the Options menu Capacitance values are typically expressed in F farads uF nF and pF 5 13 Coil right panel but can also be displayed by moving the cursor on the coil if Hints above circuits is enabled in the Opt
82. vailable in Edison One is controlled by a slider the other by a rotary knob The sliding contact slider linearly di vides the total resistance between left and right connec tions The slider can be dragged and dropped to the desired position There are also two buttons one for decreasing and one for increasing the setting To activate these move the cursor on the left and the right side of the potentiometer respectively The potentiometer with the rotary knob also divides the resistance between the two end terminals If you click on the left side or on the right side of the knob it will turn it in the corresponding direction If you move the cursor to the middle of the part a triangular graphic appears that you can use to set the potentiometer by clicking on the triangle The total resistance end to end is 50 ohms by default but this and the actual division can be changed with the Edit Modify Parameters command or by double clicking on the part It is important that you double click only at a neutral place where clicking will not induce other actions The actual settings of a potentiometer can also be seen by moving the cursor above it if Hints above circuits is enabled in the Options menu Error status None Open 23 5 10 Electric Bulbs The bulb lamp will burn brighter or dimmer depending on the applied voltage If the voltage is too high the bulb will burn out Bulbs are available in several sizes and b
83. voltages An important use of this mode is to obtain a diagram or formula of the simulated process When the simulation is finished the Start Stop button pops out move the cursor over a voltmeter ammeter or oscilloscope Click the right mouse button and select Diagram in the popup menu Similarly you can get the mathematical formula describing the process linear circuits only by selecting Formulas Continuous transient mode Pressing the Start Stop button or any switch on the breadboard tells Edison to carry out a continuous simulation The speed of the analysis depends on the time value set in the Edison control panel The larger this value the faster the simulation time While the analysis is running the animated components will operate according to their instantaneous currents and voltages Pressing the Start Stop button will not stop the simulation immediately simulation will only stop when the next integer multiple of the time value set at the control panel is reached If you need to stop the simulation immediately press the DC AC button To see a diagram of the last analysis covering the period indicated by the analysis time set at the bottom of the Edison control panel move the cursor above an instrument or oscilloscope and press the right mouse button 3 9 Drawing Diagrams In addition to the oscilloscope that presents the time function in real time during the simulation you can get high quality diagrams after the simulati
84. y pressing F9 Using the left mouse button In the descriptions below clicking always refers to the left mouse button 34 Selection Clicking on an object will select the desired object and de select all other objects Multiple selection Clicking while holding down the Shift key will add the object under the cursor to the group of currently selected objects If the object under the cursor is already in the currently selected group clicking will remove it from the group Block selection To select a block of objects all at once first make sure there is no object under the cursor Then press and hold down the left button while moving the mouse dragging This will create a rectangular block and all objects within the block will be selected Selection of all objects Press Ctrl A to select all objects Moving objects A single object can be moved by dragging it Position the cursor on the object press and hold the left button and move the mouse Multiple objects can be moved by first selecting them see above then clicking the left button while the cursor is over one of the selected objects holding the left button down and dragging Parameter modification Double clicking on an object will bring up its parameter menu so that you can modify its parameters if it has any Crossing wires The crossing of two wires does not result in a connection at the crossing unless you deliberately choose there to be one Use Edit Hid
85. you can export the actual Edison screen to a high resolution Windows bitmap BMP Windows metafile WMF or JPEG JPG image The exported pictures show only the working area not the menu bar This command brings up a standard save dialog box in which you must specify the path and the file name for the picture Before you enter the file name you can specify the format you wish to use for export After completing and accepting the save dialog items a new dialog appears which contains output specific parameters explained below Export to BMP and JPEG format Image The Windows bitmap and the JPEG compressed bitmap formats have only one parameter the bitmap size in pixels By increasing the width or height of the bitmap the picture resolution increases If you double the pixel width and height the picture resolution will also double The DPI dot per inch parameter helps you manage the size and resolution of the bitmap however take note that the final result will match the specified DPI only if the target size of the picture is exactly the same width and height as was specified at export For example if you wish to produce a 300 DPI picture on a full A4 size page you must ensure that DPI is set to 300 and that the width is set to about 200 mm Edison always maintains the aspect ratio 28 Background You can select three options here The white background disables the background picture and replaces it with pure white The light gray back

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