Home

Graphical Output for the Verilog Product Family

1. 0000005 66 Core dump occurs when Graphics memory is increased more than once 66 Incorrect display when gr addwaves follows a gr waves not at time 0 67 Incorrect data display after Graphics history deleted 67 Fatal error in routine gr deleted regs cell 0 cece eee 67 Overlap of WAVES and REGS windows 6 es 67 BARS graphics drawn in WAVES or REGS window 67 Support for Sunview version in OPENLOOK cee eee 67 Segmentation fault occurs if ps waves is issued without a prior gr waves 67 Compilation terminates when max height is 0 000 eee eee eee 68 Fatal error occurs when defining group name 6 ee 68 Outstanding BWOS 4 9 disastro Mas A he dA RAI Ae ca ae a ets aed 68 Monitoring a signal with a zero delay loop n nananana 68 Clicking in the Graphics window during simulation Sunview only 68 Limit on simulation time range available for window Ls 68 Blank transition fields on bus values ww ee 69 Thick lines appear in the window 1 ee eens 69 February 1993 7 Product Version 1 2c Graphical Output for the Verilog Product Family February 1993 8 Product Version 1 2c Graphical Output for the Verilog Product Family Introduction This chapter contains the following sections m Who Should Read This Manual m WhatThis Manual C
2. eee DAD TIMES s sois ica rador bk A CEA E ERU ERES ER e e ERN Support for New Windows Behavior llllllleeel een X Windows Performance Enhancements l l Overlap in Multi Page Plots sexes ste ern e tee ee ee teks E Eee Rot Faster Refresh of the WAVES Window eee eee Change in Definition of gr waves memsize eere Change in Initial WAVES Window Scale Factor lllllsssn Improved Scroll Buttons in WAVES and REGS Windows Groups can support more signals uec obs ESREEUG ERI xx SERE E EISE Default size WAVES window displays 21 signals 0000 eee eee eee Limited support for save and restart 2 0 eee 2 Waveform Output 0 000 2 Setting Up the Display v5 A A Resizing the WAVES Window 2 2 cee eee Interrupting WAVES Window Drawing 0 cece eee Positioning and Sizing Windows with a System Task Customizing Colors with a System Task es Understanding the Default Colors 6 tt eee X Window Colormap Allocation Problems eee eee eee Selecting OMS Eure deh creo ot DEED X meis ad Scaling DUETO ROMS aise acta heels RRA u uen February 1993 3 Product Version 1 2c Graphical Output for the Verilog Product Family Learning a New Mouse Behavior sit EX eR R
3. The register output mechanism is implemented by the gr_regs system task The display it produces is useful for viewing the contents of registers in a page oriented form String and data arguments are specified in a manner similar to that used with Sdisplay and monitor but the output stays in a stationary position in the Graphical Output window instead of scrolling The register display feature is described in Chapter 3 REGS Window Output The Bar Graph output mechanism is implemented by the gr_bars system task The display it produces is useful for viewing data when relative magnitude is important A set of charts is defined each consisting of one or more bars Several charts can be displayed at once The bar graph feature is described in Chapter 4 Bar Graph Output Each of these output mechanisms creates its own Graphical Output window These windows can be manipulated moved resized etc using the window commands of the host machine The idiosyncrasies of each machine are described in Chapter 8 Limitations All of the product specific operations performed in the Graphical Output windows are recorded in the standard Verilog key file and are performed if the simulation is replayed using the key file as a command input file The system window operations moving resizing etc are independent of the application and are not saved in the key file Thus they will not be performed automatically during a replay The gr v
4. however larger fonts than those suggested above are not recommended since distortions can occur The environment variable VGR_FONT is recognized under both X Windows and Apollo GPR Since the size of a displayed wave is proportional to the size of the font you can fit more signals on the screen by selecting a smaller font This is true for all systems Under X Windows if this environment variable is not set Graphical Output first searches for the font 8x13 if this is not found it uses the font named fixed usually a 6x10 font Fonts larger than 8x13 can cause distortions The fonts available under X Windows can be found in usr lib X11 fonts Under Apollo GPR if this environment variable is not set Graphics searches for the font 5x9 The fonts available under GPR can be found in sys dm fonts Scaling Due to Fonts Changing the selected font can alter scaling within the Graphical Output windows For example if the font is made smaller more waves fit in the WAVES window February 1993 23 Product Version 1 2c Graphical Output for the Verilog Product Family Waveform Output All the buttons in the windows rescale when fonts change To accommodate this feature the Group buttons have been modified The default Group button labels now appear on one line as GP number for example GP 5 When a group name is assigned to the button using define group waves the Graphical Output software replaces the entire Group button l
5. Dkq3 d dl maxseek sl d2 maxseek sl d3 maxseek sl d4 maxseek sl mean cpu time disk q maxlwt 1 disk q maxlwt 3 El num_terms record search time Dpchq d Dkq2 d Dkq4 d 0 Stime jobcount disk q max disk q max maxsearch maxsearch maxsearch maxsearch user del dispatch q maxlwt lay lwt 2 lwt 4 The previous example shows how to specify formats to gr_regs The resulting output can be found in Figure 3 1 on page 42 Note that zero one or more expressions can follow a string as long as the number of expressions equals the number of format specifiers in that string In other words a string should not contain format specifiers if no expressions come after it in the argument list Conversely every string must contain one format specifier for each February 1993 40 Product Version 1 2c Graphical Output for the Verilog Product Family REGS Window Output expression that does follow it The format specifiers are of the form lt format gt where format can be one of the following characters BH b binary numeric o octal numeric d decimal numeric h hexadecimal numeric s string e or E real numeric in exponential format f or F real numeric in decimal format g or G real numeric in exponential or decimal format whichever format results in the shorter printed output BH t time format The format specifiers follow th
6. Limit on simulation time range available for window The Graphics software can maintain simulation history to represent approximately 2 bits of simulation time When this limit is reached the software starts deleting early simulation history February 1993 68 Product Version 1 2c Graphical Output for the Verilog Product Family Bugs Blank transition fields on bus values In the WAVES window the value in the first transition field displayed for a bus is sometimes blank until the window is refreshed As a workaround for this anomaly click on the redraw button RDRW Thick lines appear in the window When scrolling the window during simulation or interactively some lines might appear as double the width of others This is caused by round off differences within the different drawing algorithms To correct the window click on the redraw button RDRW Key file values are incorrect Under certain conditions key file values are not correct for time related commands done interactively using the mouse such as setting the cursor position in either the REGS or the WAVES window This problem shows when the gr waves command is issued at a time other than 0 or when simulation time exceeds 31 bits There is no workaround for this problem February 1993 69 Product Version 1 2c Graphical Output for the Verilog Product Family Bugs February 1993 70 Product Version 1 2c Graphical Output for the Verilog Product Family Index
7. Symbols define group waves 24 to 25 34 61 syntax display 10 17 41 freeze waves 25 syntax 25 gr_addwaves 37 syntax 27 gr_bars 10 47 gr_jumptotime in regs output 44 in waveform output 27 syntax gr_regs syntax 39 gr_regs_memsize 43 syntax 43 gr_remote 57 gr_synchoff 57 gr_synchon 57 gr_waves 9 16 to 17 27 31 37 61 syntax 16 gr_waves_memsize syntax 26 monitor 10 ps_waves 53 to 54 timeformat 31 37 44 to 46 54 effects on regs display 44 with waveform output 28 51 unfreeze_waves syntax 25 A Apollo workstations 55 Apollo specific information 63 Apollo specific limitations 63 B Bar Graph Output 47 BARS example 50 27 10 39 to 46 62 39 February 1993 71 E eorE 41 examples F gr_bars 49 gr_regs 40 gr_waves 17 ps waves 54 multiple calls to gr bars 49 format specifiers G Jhexadecimal 16 41 16 41 16 41 real decimal real exponential eorE 16 34 46 forF 16 34 41 46 forregs 34 41 45 for waves 16 gorG 16 34 41 46 real decimal 16 41 real exponential 16 41 t 34 46 time 16 34 46 34 46 34 46 general limitations 61 gr vlog 10 57 to 58 interacting with REGS display 44 to 45 interacting with waveform display 29 to 34 Introduction 9 to 13 Product Version 1 2c Graphical Output for the Verilog Product Family J setting storage space 26 settin
8. real numeric in decimal format A gorG real numeric in exponential or decimal format whichever format results in the shorter printed output a t time format February 1993 16 Product Version 1 2c Graphical Output for the Verilog Product Family Waveform Output These format specifiers follow the same rules for unknowns and high impedance values as the specifiers in the display system task refer to the Verilog XL Reference Manual To pass format information to gr_waves put one specifier after the signal name in each signal label string argument in the system call This syntax is described in the example below Note that each signal label must be paired with one and only one signal If the signal label contains no format specifier the default n hexadecimal is assumed Example If the following signals are declared reg 15 0 a b wire 31 0 ml_v dv_v add_v real i j ml r dv r add r reg 23 0 fn string integer loopcnt func sel time lpstart the waveforms of the those signals can be monitored by issuing Sgr_waves func s fn string areg Sh a breg b b addv h add v mulv Sa ml v divv dv v i ri Sf dy jo rl e Tu Tari Sf add r morl g ml r d rl g dv r IpST t lpstart breg 0 b 0 As simulation continues these waveforms are updated whenever a signal value changes Figure 2 1 on page 18 contains a sample output of this gr waves example Please
9. use timescale compiler directives only to the precision absolutely necessary Some of the waveform edges and text might appear brighter than the rest There is no significance to this February 1993 61 Product Version 1 2c Graphical Output for the Verilog Product Family Limitations m Ihe gr regsand gr waves windows cannot display formatted values that are more than 256 characters long The number of characters required for display can be calculated based on the number of bits in a value and the format specifier used There are two ways to circumvent this limit a Display the value in a format that requires 256 characters or less b Split the value into multiple pieces by using part selects of a vector for example so that each piece requires no more than 256 characters to display W String arguments that embed double quote characters 1 cannot be passed to Remote Graphics for display in graphics windows This is due to the protocol Remote Graphics uses to exchange data between separate simulation and graphics processes The graphics interface skirts this limitation by automatically converting embedded double quotes to single quotes before passing them to the Remote Graphics process for display For example if you input the following string Sgr_regs problem string s This is a quote gt W The resultant output in the REGS window is the following problem string This is a quote gt Double quote char
10. Jumping to a Specified Time Using the timeformat System Task Interacting with the REGS Window Using 64 Bit Time Values Accepting Real Numbers REG Window Output Quick Reference Setting Up the REGS Window The gr regs task defines the layout of the window and specifies the variables to be displayed with their formats If it does not already exist a special graphics window is created in the upper left hand corner of the window After the gr_regs task is called the mouse becomes active whenever Verilog is waiting for an interactive command Syntax Sgr_regs lt stringl gt optional list of expressions lt string2 gt optional list of expressions lt string lt n gt gt lt optional gt February 1993 39 Product Version 1 2c Graphical Output for the Verilog Product Family REGS Window Output Arguments lt string gt An ASCII string enclosed in double quotes that contains one format specifier for each expression that follows it optional list of expressions A list of general Verilog expressions Example gr regs MULTIPROGRAMMING VIRTUAL STORAGE SYSTEM disks sd cpu use f job count d disk terminal mean user delay terminal mean cpu job time I 2 3 4 track seek times terminal d maximum wait times in queues sl numdisks sl cl totalbusy 100 d d2 ds d4 sl sl sl sl EL sched_q_maxlwt Schq d Dkql d
11. Support In light of this requirement Cadence provides two gr v1og object modules with each Verilog release on Apollo Aegis 9 7 systems one module that supports Remote Graphics and one that does not The Verilog executable file shipped on the Apollo Aegis 9 7 system is linked with the gr_vlog object module that does NOT support Remote Graphics Therefore Apollo Aegis 9 7 users whose systems support UNIX TCP IP and who wish to run Remote Graphics must relink Verilog with the gr v1og object module that does support Remote Graphics The Verilog configuration program Vconfig can be used to reconfigure the Verilog executable module appropriately Please consult the Vconfig User s Manual for details about how to use this program Graphics Window Scrolling Problem on Apollos If you run a Verilog XL simulation on any Apollo have any Graphics window open that is WAVES REGS or BARS and Verilog is stopped at the interactive prompt you cannot scroll the Verilog window backwards without first pressing the HOLD key After reviewing the transcript in the Verilog window press the HOLD key again to release it before continuing Graphical Output Features Not Present in Remote Graphics Remote Graphics does not support the system tasks gr color and gr_position Note that the Graphics software executes any gr_position command on all systems in local mode and only in local mode You can change the window size and position in remote mode
12. Version 1 2c Graphical Output for the Verilog Product Family Timescales The timeformat system task is a Verilog system task that establishes the time unit for delays entered interactively as well as the time unit precision suffix string and minimum field width for time information displayed using the t format specifier The time unit precision suffix string and minimum field width for the cursor marker and A times which appear in the upper right hand corner of the WAVES window are also derived from the t imeformat system task The same is true for the time in the upper right hand corner of the REGS window Please refer to the Verilog XL Reference Manual for the exact syntax and definition of the timeformat system task The timeformat system task can appear in your Verilog source description or it can be entered interactively The most recently executed t imeformat system task formats the times displayed in the upper right hand corner of the WAVES and REGS windows If no timeformat system task has been executed the default time unit is set to the smallest precision argument of the timescale compiler directives in the source description February 1993 51 Product Version 1 2c Graphical Output for the Verilog Product Family Timescales February 1993 52 Product Version 1 2c Graphical Output for the Verilog Product Family Plotting Waveforms The Verilog graphics interface allows you to create a PostScript M format f
13. input Scrolling backward forward is in terms of next value change Scrolling up down is with respect to your view of the data think of a window on the data similar to a text editor The keyboard commands to Verilog XL are to be given in the window in which Verilog XL is running The REGS window is slaved to the time operations performed in the WAVES window but the reverse is not true The time format can be changed by executing a new t imeformat system task Click on REDRAW to cause the time format to update February 1993 46 Product Version 1 2c Graphical Output for the Verilog Product Family Bar Graph Output Verilog provides the capability to view data as dynamically changing bar graphs This chapter describes BARS windows and the system task that allows you to set up charts with multiple bars and to update those bars as simulation progresses This chapter contains the following sections B Setting up a BARS Window Plotting Understanding Bar Values BARS Output Formats Example Calls to gr bars Setting up a BARS Window The system task gr bars creates a window and legends for the bar graphs to be displayed and then asynchronously updates the windows whenever one of the data arguments changes value Syntax gr bars chart name max height bar label lt expr gt lt bar_label gt lt expr gt Arguments lt chart_name gt A string that identifies a group of bars which is displa
14. marker time and the difference between the cursor time and the marker time is displayed as the A time The marker line and the cursor line appears either on the waveforms or on the time bar depending upon their time values Only the cursor line can be placed directly using the February 1993 29 Product Version 1 2c Graphical Output for the Verilog Product Family Waveform Output left mouse button the marker line cannot be placed this way Instead the marker line can be swapped with the cursor line either by clicking on the SWAP button or by pressing the middle mouse button The cursor and marker lines can be used to measure point to point time differences In Figure 2 1 on page 18 to measure the length of time that the signal labeled areg has the value 0543 click the mouse at the point where areg transitions to 05d3 the cursor line moves to that point Then SWAP the cursor and marker lines This moves the marker line to the transition point of areg Finally move the cursor to the following transition of areg The difference in this case 20 nanoseconds is the time between the cursor and marker lines Cursor Time Marker Time and Time The cursor marker and A times are displayed in the upper right hand corner and are all in the format specified by the most recently executed t imeformat task These times change with movement of the cursor and marker lines Current List The signal labels for the waveforms currently displayed on the
15. note that the figure incorporates subsequent examples from this chapter as well Subsequent calls to gr waves during a given simulation use the WAVES window currently in existence Therefore the signals listed in the most recent call to gr waves replace the current list of displayed signals Resizing the WAVES Window Horizontal resizing of the WAVES window causes the waves to expand or contract to fill the width of the window The width of the Time Bar and the Cursor Marker and A Time areas adjust as well Vertical resizing of the WAVES window allows either more or fewer waves to fit on the screen The number of visible Group buttons increases to a maximum of 20 or decreases as a result of resizing The Scroll Up and Scroll Down buttons remain positioned above and below the visible Group buttons as the window height changes The maximum window dimensions that you can obtain depends on the windowing system you use Table 2 1 on page 18 lists these sizes February 1993 17 Product Version 1 2c Graphical Output for the Verilog Product Family Waveform Output Table 2 1 Maximum Dimensions Windowing System Dimensions in pixels X Windows 2048 x 2048 Sunview 1120 x 900 Apollo GPR 1200 x 800 Figure 2 1 Sample WAVES Output WAVES Cursor 5 8888 x18 ns REDRA swap zoon LEFT CENTER RIGHT SELECT Marker 3 8888 x18 ns amp 2 8888 x18 ns E ELLE areg Zh 85d6 Group breg zo MN 000000
16. on the appropriate button at either end of the time bar A pair of scroll buttons appears at each end of the Group buttons One pair sits above the Group buttons the other below them You can scroll the WAVES display vertically by clicking on the appropriate button February 1993 12 Product Version 1 2c Graphical Output for the Verilog Product Family Introduction Groups can support more signals The maximum number of signals that you assign to a group has been increased to 50 up from 20 However the number of useful signals in a group is limited to the size of the Current List that is the number of signals visible in the WAVES window The size of the Current List depends on many factors including the window size and font When you define a group using the SELECT window the number of signals that you assign to a group is limited to those visible in the Current List up to 50 When you define a group using the define group waves system task the maximum number of signals is limited to 50 To view a signal in a selected group that is off the bottom of the WAVES window resize the WAVES window so that it is taller Scrolling the view of the WAVES window down might not cause the desired signal to move into the window however Default size WAVES window displays 21 signals The default size WAVES window now displays 21 signals up from 20 The data structure allows up to 50 signals to display when the window is resized Limite
17. only by manual means You cannot interrupt a redraw in a remote WAVES window by typing Cont ro1 C in the Verilog XL interactive window Clarifications for Use of save and restart with Remote Graphics The next two sections explain some of the ramifications of using save and restart with Remote Graphics February 1993 58 Product Version 1 2c Graphical Output for the Verilog Product Family Remote Graphics Support Setting the Graphics Host The RHOST environment variable simplifies the naming of the remote system that is to receive the output of a Verilog XL simulation You can name the remote host either with the RHOST variable or as an argument to the gr remote system call as explained below B Sgr_remote This defaults the Graphics host to the system specified by the environment variable RHOST If Remote Graphics is not running on that system or RHOST is not defined then the Graphics host defaults to the local system B Sgr_remote xyzzy This defaults the Graphics host to the system named xyzzy If Remote Graphics is not running on that system then the host is selected as described in the previous bullet item The save system task saves the host name specified by gr remote and reassigns this host when restart is executed The preferred method for naming the remote host when using restart is to use the RHOST variable This allows you to change to a different host when restarting after save Saving Window Si
18. waves not at time 0 Waves now displays correctly when gr addwaves is executed following a gr_waves not at time 0 This bug only occurred in version 1 2a only Incorrect data display after Graphics history deleted A window error sometimes caused signals that changed infrequently to show incorrect values after Graphics history was deleted This has been corrected Fatal error in routine gr deleted regs cell An error was issued whenever the Graphics memory manager could not find an appropriately sized memory cell in old Graphics history to overwrite with more recent data This has been corrected by allocating more memory Refer to Change in Definition of gr waves memsize on page 12 for more information Overlap of WAVES and REGS windows Under some windowing environments the default positions of the WAVES and REGS windows overlapped This has been corrected BARS graphics drawn in WAVES or REGS window Calls to gr bars no longer cause pieces of the BARS text and Graphics to be written into the WAVES or REGS window Support for Sunview version in OPENLOOK The Sunview version of Graphical Output is now supported in the OPENLOOK environment Segmentation fault occurs if ps waves is issued without a prior gr waves When a ps waves call was issued with begin and end arguments but without a prior gr waves call the software used to crash with a segmentation fault This has been fixed When ps waves is issued without a p
19. width of the window as well February 1993 42 Product Version 1 2c Graphical Output for the Verilog Product Family REGS Window Output The maximum window dimensions that you can obtain depends on the windowing system you use Table 3 1 on page 43 lists these sizes Table 3 1 Maximum Dimensions Windowing System Dimensions in pixels X Windows 2048 x 2048 Sunview 1120 x 900 Apollo GPR 1200 x 800 If a window shrinks horizontally past the Cursor Time area clipping occurs that is the window layout takes its minimum width and the right edge of the window cuts off some of the display Setting the Storage Space The gr_regs_memsi ze system task informs Verilog of the maximum amount of memory space to be allocated for the register window Syntax gr regs memsize size The size argument is in bytes Memory is requested by the register window as simulation progresses and value changes occur on the variables being displayed When the maximum specified memory space has been allocated and used the oldest data is discarded and its space is reused The minimum amount of space that can be allocated is 300 000 bytes The maximum amount is limited only by the amount of virtual memory space available on the host machine The default amount of space allocated in the absence of a callto gr_regs_memsize is 500 000 bytes This limit is set when gr regs is called A call to gr regs memsize after a call to gr_regs
20. 0001 100000 8geageaaeileoa11 8888888881188110 addy h eseseszs eeseessz Jeeeseszs eseees3s mulv Xd 30224 143136 divv i T 8 a 8 200080 sd 48888 6 8888 x18 ns 88888888884 28 MBAS A Slo SIN 3535 2 G 3 G 4 G 5 G 6 G 7 G 8 6 9 G 1 G 1 G 1 G 1 G 1 G 1 G 1 G N Dje Ole oie 057307037 o o e o 3 February 1993 18 Product Version 1 2c Graphical Output for the Verilog Product Family Waveform Output If a window shrinks horizontally past the Cursor Time area clipping occurs that is the window layout takes its minimum width and the right edge of the window cuts off some of the display If the height of the WAVES window is shorter than ten Group buttons clipping occurs at the bottom edge Interrupting WAVES Window Drawing You can interrupt a redraw of the WAVES window by typing Cont ro1 C in the Verilog XL interactive window Verilog XL must be in interactive mode to recognize this as a redraw interrupt This feature is not currently supported on Apollo platforms under GPR It is supported on Apollo platforms under X Windows Positioning and Sizing Windows with a System Task The gr position system task gives you the ability to specify placement and size of a Graphics window Syntax gr position task gr position window type lt x_origin gt lt y_origin gt lt x_width gt lt y_height gt Arguments window type One of the f
21. 1og object module contains the graphical output mechanism that Verilog uses It is linked with the Verilog executable file and shipped with platforms that support Verilog graphics capability New Features and Enhancements This document describes several new features and enhancements to be found in the Graphical Output for the Verilog product family Some of these new features are described below Real Numbers and Timescales Support for real numbers and timescales has been added to this release This manual has been updated to reflect these changes February 1993 10 Product Version 1 2c Graphical Output for the Verilog Product Family Introduction It is recommended that you become familiar with the real number and timescale features in Verilog XL before reading this document in particular the t imeformat system task and the timescale compiler directive All three forms of graphical output WAVES REGS and BARS support real numbers However only the Waveform and Reg window displays support timescales The Bar Graph output does not support timescales since it is event driven not time driven Additionally the ps waves system task supports both real numbers and timescales 64 bit Times This release provides graphical support for 64 bit times Additionally the waveform graphical representations of partial unknown and high impedance buses have been enhanced Support for New Windows Behavior This release provides enhanced su
22. AUS PREX WES 24 UsINE 04 BI TIMES 25 cance te Arc A epa a OF a CQ UR RA NA ARN 24 Deng reds 3 map od hy ita PE Xo E DEO e dei ed ae We eee 24 Freezinddhe DISplay AS eme ke oem AS uem Ade etu de 25 Setting Ihe Storage Space iios vxLY REL ADS SEEN Cae aby saw S oe ROSES SES 26 Improving Simulator and Graphical Output Performance 0 055 26 Adding SS iuto eee i usen Rs E M Mii dei dem E 26 JUMPING tod Sp cified TIG 1 3 us rer eon CREE Pa A deo OS Ra ee ed 27 Using the timeformat System Task LJ oerte ru adea env El mE eade 28 Interacting with the Waveform Display llle 29 WAVES OGREBEN 7 eot Ad Ds xoa f ote caa al B As 29 TIIe Bal A dad tx ER ri d ha EE Decet i bd tu aes 29 Cursor and Marker Lines e aca deaths Gre a VE VS REI SU x Ci abes Dot 29 Cursor Time Marker Time and D Time es 30 CUFODIE EISE uoo A rH HERE E D oed tic d o A e Sede 30 Interactive Display Buttons 3c ac rd mat A ores ca vea QR RC eni Re 30 SELECT SCREEN erre EA UE or APR A BA TOC nd De 31 BiU Signali coa Ae Gero naut De Coro ar safe Diele d ie bota esa M AR 32 Select Signal i i22 eibar Sie wd esca e od ne pub Bs OY acte auxi arduus api Oo 33 Select Blank scsi eee het Caw as 644 See E Were ret 33 Interactive Display Buttons Ue A 33 Using Rea BIBITIBDBES 743313 957 ud pex rhon a a tales E eee aa 34 WAVES Outp t Eormats o ir ite ve pate ohare ceo deny aver e EE 34 Displaying Partial Unknown and High impe
23. Graphical Output for the Verilog Product Family Product Version 1 2c February 1993 1990 1998 Cadence Design Systems Inc All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America Cadence Design Systems Inc 555 River Oaks Parkway San Jose CA 95134 USA Trademarks Trademarks and service marks of Cadence Design Systems Inc Cadence contained in this document are attributed to Cadence with the appropriate symbol For queries regarding Cadence s trademarks contact the corporate legal department at the address shown above or call 1 800 862 4522 All other trademarks are the property of their respective holders Restricted Print Permission This publication is protected by copyright and any unauthorized use of this publication may violate copyright trademark and other laws Except as specified in this permission statement this publication may not be copied reproduced modified published uploaded posted transmitted or distributed in any way without prior written permission from Cadence This statement grants you permission to print one 1 hard copy of this publication subject to the following conditions 1 The publication may be used solely for personal informational and noncommercial purposes 2 The publication may not be modified in any way 3 Any copy of the publication or portion thereof must include all original copyright trademark and other proprietary notices and this permission statement and 4 Cadence reser
24. N SELECT SCREEN Using Real Numbers WAVES Output Formats WAVES Window Beeps When Using Cursor Graphical Output Windows with Verilog XL in the Background February 1993 15 Product Version 1 2c Graphical Output for the Verilog Product Family Waveform Output m Waveform Output Quick Reference Setting Up the Display The gr waves system task defines the signals to be monitored graphically When gr waves is called a graphics window is created in the upper right hand corner of the screen if it does not already exist Syntax gr waves signal label signal signal label signal Arguments signal label An ASCII string enclosed in double quotes which consists of a label followed by an optional format specifier If a format specifier is used there must be a space between the label and the format specifier The associated signal must be the next argument Note that only the first seven characters of the signal label are used in the display lt signal gt Specifies the signal to be monitored usually a scalar variable vector variable or a general Verilog expression The format specifiers for this signal are of the form lt format gt where lt format gt can be one of the following characters a b binary numeric a o octal numeric a d decimal numeric a h hexadecimal numeric a s string A eorE real numeric in exponential format a forrF
25. REEN and returns back to the WAVES SCREEN Using Real Numbers In addition to the data types previously accepted many of the Graphical Output tasks now accept real number expressions In the WAVES screens to display a signal value as a real number a format specifier should be included in the signal label argument to the gr waves System task Additionally expressions can be displayed in a time format defined by the timeformat Verilog system task The format specifiers are of the form lt format where lt format gt can be one of the following characters BH eorE real numeric in exponential format B forF real numeric in decimal format B gorG real numeric in exponential or decimal format whichever format results in the shorter printed output BH t time format WAVES Output Formats The following system tasks provided to facilitate the waveform display now support the real number format specifiers B Sgr_waves February 1993 34 Product Version 1 2c Graphical Output for the Verilog Product Family Waveform Output B define group waves B Sgr_addwaves Additionally the lt t ime gt argument to the gr_jumptotime system task can now be a real number The t ime value is assumed to be in the unit of the most recently executed Stimeformat system task Displaying Partial Unknown and High impedance Vectors The WAVES output displays partial unknown and partial high impedance vectors see Figure 2 3 on pag
26. T SCREEN are as follows Group 7 Group 8 i_rl f j r Ze areg Zh breg Xb addv Zh mulv d divv i rl f Group 9 Group 18 Group 11 Group 12 Group 13 Group 14 Group 15 Group 16 Group 17 a rl Zf m rl 2g d rl g 1pST Lt breg lpct Xo fns1 Xd j r e a rl f m r1 g d rl g 1pST t breg 8 Ipct Zo fns1 Zd Group 18 Fix Unfix Signal Current List blank selectable A signals Signals on the Current List can be fixed unfixed by clicking the left mouse button while the pointer is on one of them A fixed signal is not overwritten by a selected signal an unfixed February 1993 32 Product Version 1 2c Graphical Output for the Verilog Product Family Waveform Output signal is overwritten The fixed signals are highlighted The default state of the signals in the Current List is unfixed Select Signal Signals in the list of all signals can be selected by moving the mouse so that the pointer is on the signal name and clicking the left mouse button The selected signal replaces the first unfixed signal in the Current List A particular signal can be selected many times resulting in multiple copies of its waveform on the WAVES SCREEN Select Blank Selecting the blank box in the list of all signals replaces the first unfixed signal in the Current List with a blank space resulting in a blank line on the WAVES SCREEN This can be used to separ
27. abel See Defining Groups on page 24 for more information on groups Learning a New Mouse Behavior The right mouse button now has new behavior for the WAVES window If you move the mouse pointer to any position in the window or on the Time bar and then click with the right mouse button the cursor moves to that position in the WAVES display and then the window repaints with the cursor centered in the window This is the functional equivalent of clicking in the window or Time bar with the left mouse button and then clicking the center button CNTR Using 64 Bit Times In this release the WAVES display provides graphical support for 64 bit simulation time values In prior releases of Graphical Output simulation time values could not exceed 32 bits in length even though Verilog XL versions 1 3 and beyond support values to 64 bits The BAR graph output does not need to support 64 bit times since it is event driven not time driven NOTE To use the gr_jumptotime system task to jump to a time greater than 32 bits the time argument must be expressed in the following number format refer to the Lexical Conventions chapter of the Verilog XL Reference Manual for an explanation of this format ss s f nn n For example to jump to time 34 000 000 000 type gr jumptotime 64 d34000000000 Defining Groups The define group waves task provides the ability to group a set of signals together that have already been defined in the gr wa
28. acters do not pose a problem for the normal graphics operation which is part of the same process as the simulation m When the cursor or marker occurs at that edge due to an XOR operation The operations for window manipulations are not stored in the keys file therefore these operations cannot be replayed from the keys file Sun Specific Information The graphics interface on Sun workstations has been integrated with the Suntools package Verilog XL should be invoked from one of the windows inside the Suntools The graphics windows can be moved closed resized exposed hidden or redisplayed using Sunview s window Frame Menu A quit on the window is ignored To get maximum speed and better graphics we recommend that you do not resize the window Sun Specific Limitations M The very first mouse input click is always interpreted as a left mouse button click m When system loading is heavy mouse events sometimes get buffered requiring extra clicks to perform desired operations This can be identified by characteristic symptoms February 1993 62 Product Version 1 2c Graphical Output for the Verilog Product Family Limitations Several clicks produce no response followed by additional clicks whose actions lag noticeably behind their trigger clicks Methods suggested to recover normal mouse function are as follows Q Continue simulation for a few simulation units and try the mouse again Q Click on a button that might not gre
29. al Verilog XL runs 000000 59 Second Verilog XL simulation opens closed window 59 Remote Graphics does not work with Open Windows 60 Crash occurs on mouse click on group defined after gr waves 60 Crash caused by space in group name o occccococoo 60 February 1993 6 Product Version 1 2c Graphical Output for the Verilog Product Family 8 MIA MONS o ences eheu dat obo bee enel ente dotate tac atta 61 General kimitationsS 1223 05 ee tnai ds bss aaa EEE 61 Sun Specific Information AA a Boe A A a dg a Doe OS 62 S n Specific Limitations sarria idos 62 Graphics Under the Bourne Shell on Sun Workstations o o o ooooooo 63 Running Graphics from a UNIX Command File 2 000 e eee 63 Apollo Specific Information udis Eee Ee pero EE setae oe dt ee rni icone 63 Apollo Specific Limitations 252 versam A ed dn die ie 63 9 JU IEEE RT MR eee Seen Cer eRe ON NM 65 BOO FIXES eos aran Sr aia a I us a an a ts 65 Segmentation fault occurs when gr_addwaves follows a gr_waves with no signals 65 Fatal error occurs when simulation time exceeds 31 bits o oooooooooo 65 Control c and other windows related Verilog crashes liliis 66 Initial delta value is incorrect in successive gr waves calls 66 Overlapping display of bus values in WAVES window
30. ate groups or to separate signals within groups Interactive Display Buttons The following interactive display features are provided with the WAVES screen CLEAR Button Clears the current list of selected signals Scroll Buttons TTTT move your view of the unfixed signals up by one position names move down III mowe your view of the unfixed signals down by one position names move up PREV Button Brings in the previous page of signals in the Signals List This is useful if all the signals in the Signals List cannot be displayed on the screen at one time NEXT Button Brings in the next page of signals in the Signals List This is useful if all the signals in the Signals List cannot be displayed on the screen at one time February 1993 33 Product Version 1 2c Graphical Output for the Verilog Product Family Waveform Output REDRAW Button Redraws the current screen Group Buttons The items in the Current List can be grouped together by clicking the left mouse button on one of the Group buttons and then clicking on CLEAR or DONE The defined group associates the signals in the Current List the group can then be exposed in the WAVES window as explained earlier in Group Buttons on page 31 in the WAVES SCREEN section At the same time in the SELECT SCREEN clicking on a button associated with a group defined by define group waves redefines that group to the Current List DONE Button Exits from the SELECT SC
31. atly affect the target operation for example click the middle button to swap cursor and marker Then continue simulation for a few seconds and try the display again Q Ifthe symptoms persist try to avoid clicking ahead of the display Wait for each mouse action to take effect before clicking again m Certain graphics programs such as FrameMaker from Adobe aggravate mouse event buffering In such cases it is often necessary to exit Suntools and then reenter to clear up buffering Graphics Under the Bourne Shell on Sun Workstations You can run Verilog Graphics under the Bourne shell bin sh on Sun workstations Due to a SunOS bug this used to cause all keyboard interrupts to be ignored and interactive input to hang the process Because command scripts are fed to bin sh for processing unless otherwise specified Verilog Graphics could not be started from inside a shell script The SunOS bug still exists but it no longer affects Verilog Graphics Running Graphics from a UNIX Command File You can run Verilog with graphics from a UNIX command file since the interrupt key is now recognized Apollo Specific Information The graphics interface on Apollo workstations has been integrated with the standard window system Verilog can be invoked from any AEGIS window The graphics windows can be moved resized or popped using the standard Apollo commands Apollo Specific Limitations m Only windows that do not have other windows
32. can increase the amount of memory available for the register window but it cannot reduce it February 1993 43 Product Version 1 2c Graphical Output for the Verilog Product Family REGS Window Output Jumping to a Specified Time The gr jumptotime task allows jumping to a particular time in both the WAVES and REGS windows Refer to Jumping to a Specified Time on page 27 for syntax and an explanation of this task Using the timeformat System Task The timeformat system task is a Verilog system task which formats the time displayed in the WAVES and REGS windows and the t format specifier Refer to Using the timeformat System Task on page 28 and to the Verilog XL Heference Manual for a more detailed explanation Interacting with the REGS Window The system task gr regs initializes the Graphics window Mouse interaction for the graphics window is enabled when Verilog is in the interactive mode The Left mouse button is used for input A menu is provided for interaction in the graphics window Positioning the pointer inside the menu item and clicking the left mouse button selects that menu option for the next graphics operation In addition to the data as defined by the parameters of gr_regs the following features are displayed Time Bar A Time baris displayed atthe top of the REGS window to represent the total time period over which the preserved data is available The current time for which data is displayed i
33. d Crash caused by space in group name Remote Graphics used to crash when there was a space in the group name specified for define group waves This has been fixed February 1993 60 Product Version 1 2c Graphical Output for the Verilog Product Family Limitations This chapter describes the general and platform specific functional limitations of the Graphical Output software This chapter contains the following sections General Limitations Sun Specific Information Apollo Specific Information General Limitations The current release of the Graphical Output has the following limitations The Verilog save and restart features are not supported after any of the graphics output mechanisms have been used The maximum length of a line in the REG window is 80 characters The maximum number of bars in a bar chart is 10 The maximum number of charts displayed at one time is 5 When using the define group waves task the signal label character string must match exactly with the s gna1 label character string previously defined including spaces and format specifiers For example if in the Sgr_waves task a signal label is specified as bus d then in the define group waves task the signal label must also be given as bus d not just bus Simulation time values cannot exceed 64 bits in length All simulation time values are stored in most precise timescale compiler directive given in the Verilog code To work around this
34. d q awt dispatch q awt disk q awt 1 disk q awt 2 disk q awt 3 disk q awt 4 gr bars longest wait times currently in queues 50 0 Schq Dpchq Dkql Dkq2 Dkq3 Dkq4 sched q l1wt dispatch q lwt disk q lwt 1 disk q lwt 2 disk q lwt 3 disk q lwt 4 gr bars cpu busy flag and cpu utilization 100 rand bignum busy 100 sl cl cpubusy util s1 cl totalbusy 100 0 time The lt chart_names gt are queue lengths mean arrival times average wait times etc The max height for the first chart is 10 and the strings Schq Dpchq Dkq1 Dkq2 Dkq3 Dkq4 are the bar legends for the bars representing variable sched_q_count in the current scope and variables in scope s1 dispatch_q_count diskq_count 1 diskg_count 2 diskq_count 3 and diskq_count 4 respectively Figure 4 1 on page 50 is a sample output of this example February 1993 49 Product Version 1 2c Graphical Output for the Verilog Product Family Bar Graph Output Figure 4 1 Example BARS Window Output 4 1 Boe e z Schq Dpchq Dkqi Dkq2 queue lengths 24 15 3 2 a a Schq Dpchq Dkqi Dkq2 mean inter arrival times 12 3 14 8 7 Schq Dpchq Dkqi Dkq2 Dkqa average wait times 21 15 B 5 e a d Schq Dpchq Dkqi Dkq2 Dkq3 Dkqa longest wait times currently in queues 1 28e 188 T rand busy util cpu busy flag and cpu utilization February 1993 50 Product
35. d support for save and restart On execution of a save Graphical Output saves the state of the Graphical Output windows for restoration on a subsequent restart However the Graphical Output history is not saved For example any signals being monitored in the WAVES window on execution of a save is restored to a WAVES window on execution of a Srestart from the saved file Any modes such as freeze waves and gr waves memsize are also restored February 1993 13 Product Version 1 2c Graphical Output for the Verilog Product Family Introduction February 1993 14 Product Version 1 2c Graphical Output for the Verilog Product Family Waveform Output Verilog provides an interactive graphics interface to display data as waveforms Using this interface you can continuously monitor the waveforms as the simulation progresses When in the interactive state of Verilog you can perform graphics operations using the mouse device This chapter decribes the waveform displays and the system tasks that are provided to create and facilitate those displays This chapter contains the following sections B Setting Up the Display Learning a New Mouse Behavior Using 64 Bit Times Defining Groups Freezing the Display Setting the Storage Space Improving Simulator and Graphical Output Performance Adding Signals Jumping to a Specified Time Using the timeformat System Task Interacting with the Waveform Display WAVES SCREE
36. dance Vectors 35 Displaying Signal Names 35 29 pete tek pee rabia Bb te ee as 36 February 1993 4 Product Version 1 2c Graphical Output for the Verilog Product Family WAVES Window Beeps When Using Cursor llllsslleelssenns 36 Graphical Output Windows with Verilog XL in the Background 37 Waveform Output Quick Reference 0c eee ee 37 3 REGS Window Output 00000 000 00 ee 39 Setting Up the REGS Window 2 000 eres 39 Resizing the REGS Window 5 9 9 44 oer or pee pea de Cenk tee OS oes 42 Setting th Storage Space uu vex Xr Y uae hace ou Wo Ene Resa daga AR NE agde 43 Jumping to a Specified Time 1 2 ud uer x ERE Seiten RUE dr ERG RES E 44 Using the timeformat System Task 2 552 wa ewe RE wr o Re XR Eun a 44 Interacting with the REGS Window Llllllsselleelslllleeeln 44 Mme Bai ct osi ar se vat ch hee s dut ce hc an M es ei cu RUE dd 44 Interactive Display Buttons 22404408 Cac cerner Reit Dk ba n kem RR eee 44 Using 64 Bit Time Values 15262 98 69 6 vor Ce dete eee Pea dC aD Ai 45 Accepting Real Numbers 12 ve xe XR rod n Geel Se det eo E NER ee aes ae c URN RUN OR 45 REGS OHIpUlL Format used ES EAE Gau eri dx AS aN 46 REG Window Output Quick Reference ccc cee eee 46 4 Bar Graph OUtDUlL scada 47 Setting up a BARS Window pirata Pata ehh eRe aaa qe dE 47 BARS O tp t Formats 32959 6 o bor Dunk
37. e last time to display on the plot Note that the filename passed to ps waves is limited to a literal string This is the only system task with this limitation all others that need a filename can accept a string variable If no ilename argumentis specified then the PostScript description of the plot is placed in the file gr_waves ps If the file specified already exists it is overwritten The header string can be up to 60 characters long If a longer string is specified it is truncated and a warning message is issued To specify a header argument a i 1ename argument must also be specified The endpoints of the plot can either be specified using the begin time and end time arguments or they can be selected using the cursor and marker lines on the WAVES window If no begin time and end time argument pair is given then the lower of the cursor and marker positions is taken as the begin time and the greater of the two is taken as the end time If a begin time argumentis specified then an end time argument must also be specified To specify a begin time and end time argument pair the lt filename gt and header arguments must also be specified Examples ps waves ps waves mycircuit ps ps waves mycircuit ps read cycle ps waves mycircuit ps read cycle 3510 8900 The begin time and end time arguments of the ps waves system task can now be express
38. e 36 In previous versions of WAVES any vector that contained at least one bit that evaluated to unknown X state would appear as a filled solid box any vector that contained at least one bit that evaluated to high impedance Z state would be displayed as a line in the middle of the O and 1 levels These displays made it difficult to determine whether a vector was partially or fully at one of these states In version 2 0 a filled solid box represents a vector where all specified bits are in the X state a vector where all specified bits are in the Z state appears as a line in the middle of the 0 and 1 levels However vectors that are partially in the unknown or high impedance state appear in their specified formats using the following rules B x All bits of the digit are unknown B xX At least one but not all of the bits are unknown B z All bits of the digit are at high impedance m Zz At least one but not all of the bits are at high impedance Vectors in decimal format sd that are partially in the unknown or high impedance state display a single x or Z respectively Vectors in the binary format b display each bit separately using the characters 0 1 x and z February 1993 35 Product Version 1 2c Graphical Output for the Verilog Product Family Waveform Output Figure 2 3 Partial Unknown and High impedance Values Allbits amp e All bits of this At least one but unknown digit are unknown not all o
39. e last 50 transition times Occasionally it will not find an appropriately sized memory cell in earlier history for new data When this occurs the Graphical Output memory manager allocates memory in 1 kbyte units beyond the specified guideline Graphical Output issues a message after every 10 allocations 10 kbytes This message indicates the current amount of allocated Graphical Output memory The following is an example of the allocation message Graphics No proper siz lement found at time 100 gt Increasing waves memory allocation to 320480 If the allocation message appears repeatedly increase the amount of allocated Graphical Output memory using gr waves memsize If after allocating a large amount of memory this message still appears repeatedly check the circuit activity for oscillating signals Change in Initial WAVES Window Scale Factor When a WAVES window is invoked Graphical Output sets the initial scale factor at 1000 simulator time units per window After 50 time units where transitions have occurred on monitored signals Graphical Output recalculates the scale factor to fit these 50 transitions on the window However any scale factor you set manually using ZOOM overrides this recalculation Improved Scroll Buttons in WAVES and REGS Windows A pair of scroll buttons appears at each end of the Time bar on both the WAVES and REGS displays You can move the time you want to view forward or backward by clicking
40. e same rules for unknowns and high impedance values as the specifiers in the display system task Specifiers match expressions in left to right order Each specifier should be placed at the location in the string where you want the expression it formats to be displayed Enough space must be left between format specifiers to allow display of the full width of the registers Note that the width of real numbers is automatically 25 spaces If not enough space is provided the values of the arguments overlap on the window A warning is issued during compilation if this situation is detected The graphics window is updated whenever a value changes for any of the variables defined in gr_regs during simulation A new call to gr_regs clears the current window and sets up the new window as specified by the new parameter list February 1993 41 Product Version 1 2c Graphical Output for the Verilog Product Family REGS Window Output Figure 3 1 REGS Window Output HULTIPROGRAMMING VIRTUAL STORAGE SYSTEM disks ME terminal cpu use EEF job count disk track seek times record search time 1 2 3 A terminal mean user delay terminal mean cpu job time maximum wait times in queues 5c ha ME Dp cha MEN OLDERE MEN Dk c12 E Dk o a E Dk a EET Resizing the REGS Window The REGS window previously supported vertical resizing However horizontal resizing of the REGS window now causes the Time bar to expand or contract to fill the
41. ed as real numbers These values are assumed to be in the units of the most recently executed t imeformat system task Selecting Signals for the Plot Each plot can display up to 20 signals The signals to be plotted are selected by displaying them on the window using the standard waves commands such as the SELECT window and the Group buttons February 1993 54 Product Version 1 2c Graphical Output for the Verilog Product Family Plotting Waveforms Scaling the Plot The scale of the plot that is how close together the edges appear on the paper is selected by scaling the window display using the ZOOM button The closer the edges are on the window the closer they appear on the paper plot Making Multi Page Plots The number of pages in the plot is determined by the begin time end time and scale of the plot There is no limit to the number of pages that can be plotted Performing System Administration for a LaserWriter The printing of waveform plots has been tested from both the Sun and Apollo workstation platforms using an Apple LaserWriter While other devices have not been tried there is every reason to believe that any device capable of printing from a PostScript description can print the output from ps waves We are including instructions for setting up the printer on both workstations for your convenience Sun Workstations To set up the printer on a Sun edit the file etc printcap to have the following e
42. er and A times which appear in the upper right hand corner of the WAVES window are also derived from the t imeformat system task The same is true for the time in the upper right hand corner of the REGS window Please refer to the Verilog XL Reference Manual for the exact syntax and definition for the t imeformat system task The timeformat system task can appear in the Verilog code or it can be entered interactively The most recently executed t imeformat system task formats the times displayed in the upper right hand corner of the WAVES and REGS windows If no Stimeformat system task has been executed the default time unit is set to the smallest precision argument of the timescale compiler directives in the source description When the default time unit is used no suffix string appears with the cursor marker and A times or with any variables using thest format specfier Please refer to the Verilog XL Reference Manual for more information When a timeformat system task is entered interactively the times in the Graphical Output windows do not automatically reflect the change To cause an update to occur the RDRW button must be selected or a command must be executed which causes a redraw of the screen to occur The Graphical Output windows have limited space available for the display of times If a time exceeds the available space it is truncated on the left and preceded by a to indicate that an overflow has occurred Sim
43. er to the Verilog XL Reference Manual for an explanation of this format ss s f nn n For example to jump to time 34 000 000 000 type gr jumptotime 64 d34000000000 Accepting Real Numbers In addition to the data types previously accepted many of the graphics tasks now accept real number expressions In the REGS window to display a signal value as a real number a format specifier should be included in the string argument to the gr_regs system task Additionally expressions can be displayed in a time format which is defined by the Stimeformat Verilog system task The format specifiers are of the form ormat where format can be one of the following characters February 1993 45 Product Version 1 2c Graphical Output for the Verilog Product Family REGS Window Output e or E real numeric in exponential format f or F real numeric in decimal format g or G real numeric in exponential or decimal format whichever format results in the shorter printed output t time format REGS Output Format The gr regs system task supports the real number format specifiers The width of real numbers in the REGS window is automatically 25 spaces As in the WAVES window the gr_jumptotime system task now accept a real number for the t ime argument REG Window Output Quick Reference Interrupting the simulation after the gr_regs system task enables mouse input Use the left mouse button for all graphics
44. f the bits are unknown At least one but not all of the bits are impedance impedance at high impedance All bits of this All bits at high digit are at high Displaying Signal Names The name of a signal used in a gr waves command must be unique within the first seven characters If the format string following the signal name starts within seven characters of the start of the signal name a portion of that string such as b or 5h appears as part of the signal name The extra characters display on the screen as part of the name and are also required by define groups to identify that signal To avoid this problem for short signal names use additional spaces in front of the formatting characters so that they do not fall within seven characters from the start of the signal name The following two examples illustrate the problem and the solution The signal name is CLK b CLK b CLK Sb The signal name is CLK WAVES Window Beeps When Using Cursor The WAVES window beeps when you place the cursor at a time in the WAVES window where there are no REGS value changes at that time This is an intentional notification that the WAVES and REGS cursors are now positioned at different times February 1993 36 Product Version 1 2c Graphical Output for the Verilog Product Family Waveform Output Graphical Output Windows with Verilog XL in the Background If a Verilog XL process that has Graphical Output windows ope
45. g The begin time and end time arguments of the ps waves system task can now be expressed as real numbers These values are assumed to be in the units of the most recently executed t imeformat system task Understanding Bar Values The current value associated with a bar appears above the bar Any bar that monitors a real expression has a real value shown at the top of the bar If the number contains too many digits to fit in the available space it is truncated on the right and a appears to indicate truncation has occurred February 1993 48 Product Version 1 2c Graphical Output for the Verilog Product Family Bar Graph Output When the current value associated with a bar exceeds lt max_height gt the value shown at the top of the bar is correct but the bar is only shown at max height On color windows the bar changes color to indicate this off the scale condition Example Calls to gr bars The following is an example of a multiple calls to gr bars Sgr_bars queue lengths 10 Schq sched q count Dpchq si dispatch q count Dkqli sl diskq count 1 Dkg2 sl diskq count 2 Dkq1 sl diskq count 3 Dkq1 Sl diskq count 4 gr_bars mean inter arrival times 100 Schq Dpchq Dkql Dkq2 Dkq3 Dkq4 sched q mat dispatch q mat disk q mat 1 disk q mat 2 disk q mat 3 disk q mat 4 Sgr_bars average wait times 100 Schq Dpchq Dkql Dkq2 Dkq3 Dkq4 sche
46. g up display 16 to 17 jumping to a specified time 44 ea oe n 28 L limitations 61 to 64 M multi page plots 55 Q quick reference 46 R REG Screen Output 39 remote graphics support 57 to 58 S scaling the plot 55 selecting signals for the plot 54 setting the storage space 43 setting up the display 39 to 41 47 Sun workstations 55 Sun specific information 62 to 63 Sun specific limitations 62 to 63 system administration for LaserWriter 55 U using timeformat system task 44 W waveform output 15 to 38 adding signals to 26 to 27 defining signal groups 24 to 25 freezing the display 25 to 26 jumping to specified time 27 February 1993 72 Product Version 1 2c
47. groups are white The current group is yellow Fixed signals on the SELECT window are gray Selected signals on the SELECT window are blue These colors were selected to improve readability as well as color consistency across all supported platforms X Window Colormap Allocation Problems The Graphical Output software currently tries to allocate 16 colormap entries If these can not be uniquely allocated under X11 the X server returns a pointer to the closest available color A replacement color that is not very close in value to the original color can cause display February 1993 22 Product Version 1 2c Graphical Output for the Verilog Product Family Waveform Output anomalies This colormap allocation problem can occur if other applications are running that require too many colormap entries or if the hardware supports less than 16 colors Selecting Fonts You can specify the font that the graphics display uses by setting the environment variable VGR FONT to the desired font Suggested fonts to use are as follows B screen r 14 default B screen b 12 B cour b 12 E serif r 11 If the VGR FONT environment variable is not set the default font screen r 14 is used For example in a UNIX C shell to set the graphics font to cour 5 12 the following should be entered in the login script or at the prompt setenv VGR FONT cour b 12 Other fonts listed in the directory usr lib fonts fixedwidthfonts can be used
48. he cursor marker and A time formats to update m The ZOOM button zooms the waveforms between the cursor and marker lines m The LEFT CENTER and RIGHT buttons can be used to traverse the Time bar after first positioning the cursor line at the location to which the Current Time window is to be moved February 1993 37 Product Version 1 2c Graphical Output for the Verilog Product Family Waveform Output B The SELECT button can be used to invoke the SELECT SCREEN to select signals and or to define groups m Scrolling backward forward is in terms of the next value change Scrolling up down is with respect to your view of the data think of a window on the data similar to a text editor m Issue keyboard commands to Verilog XL in the window in which Verilog XL is running February 1993 38 Product Version 1 2c Graphical Output for the Verilog Product Family REGS Window Output Verilog provides an interactive graphics interface to display data as a window of text along with formatted values of nets and registers These values are continuously updated as the simulation progresses When in the interactive state of Verilog you can perform graphics operations using the mouse device This chapter describes the REGS window display and the system tasks that are provided to create and facilitate thatdisplay This chapter contains the following sections B Setting Up the REGS Window Resizing the REGS Window Setting the Storage Space
49. his bug is now fixed so that the Graphics software no longer crashes However the Graphics software data structure design still only allows simulation history to span 31 bits worth of simulation time When the number of time units experienced by simulation history approaches 31 bits Graphics starts deleting simulation history from memory At this point it prints the following message Graphics WARNING Discarding value changes at time 3100000000 Waves history would span too large a time value Occasionally the software cannot delete history without fatally impacting the simulation If deleting simulation history so that the elapsed time fits within 32 bits causes less than fifty history units to remain the Graphics software exits with the following messages February 1993 65 Product Version 1 2c Graphical Output for the Verilog Product Family Bugs WARNING at time 3200000000 Too much waves history would be depleted Must keep at least 50 time cells in memory Check memory allocation and circuit activity fatal error in routine gr minimize ds times Can t normalize data structure VVVVVV This situation occurs if you are monitoring signals that change infrequently relative to the passing of simulation time This could require deletion of history resulting in less than 50 time units remaining in memory In this situation the software experiences a fatal error One way to solve this problem is to add monitoring to a signal tha
50. ile from the WAVES window This file can then be sent to a laser printer or any other device that can accept a PostScript description of the image to be plotted The plot can be one or many pages long and the scale of the waveforms on the plot is easily selected using the mouse This chapter explains how to use the Graphics output to plot and print your waveform data This chapter contains the following sections m Using the ps waves System Task Selecting Signals for the Plot Scaling the Plot Making Multi Page Plots Performing System Administration for a LaserWriter Using the ps waves System Task The system task ps waves creates the PostScript file It takes several arguments all of which are optional Syntax ps waves filename lt header gt begin time end time Arguments filename A string enclosed in double quotes that is a valid operating system filename header A string enclosed in double quotes that is printed as a header on each page of the plot February 1993 53 Product Version 1 2c Graphical Output for the Verilog Product Family Plotting Waveforms begin time An integer or real number assumed to be in the units of the most recently executed t imeformat system task that specifies the first time to display on the plot end time An integer or real number assumed to be in the units of the most recently executed t imeformat system task that specifies th
51. ions associated with every update of the signal values Interrupting Verilog refreshes the window to the current status of the monitored signals and you can analyze previous simulation history using the interactive operations The unfreeze waves task reenables the continuous update of the Graphical Output window Syntax freeze waves S unfreeze waves There are also system dependent methods for improving simulation speed that can be used in place of the f reeze waves task On Sun workstations closing the Graphical Output February 1993 25 Product Version 1 2c Graphical Output for the Verilog Product Family Waveform Output windows inhibits drawing for improved performance On Apollo workstations the same effect can be achieved by overlapping other windows on top of the Graphical Output windows Setting the Storage Space The gr waves memsize system task informs Verilog of the maximum amount of memory space to be allocated for the waveform display Syntax gr waves memsize size The size argument is in bytes Memory is requested by the waveform display as simulation progresses and value changes occur on the signals being displayed When the maximum specified memory space has been allocated and used the oldest data is discarded and its space is reused The minimum amount of space that can be allocated is 300 000 bytes The maximum amount is limited only by the amount of virtual memory space available on the h
52. llowing table illustrates the use of these buttons gt gt move forward in time to the next value change lt lt move backward in time to the next value change TTTT move your view of the display up by one signal position signals move down lll move your view of the display down by one signal position signals move up SELECT Button Changes the display to the SELECT SCREEN where you are allowed to revise the current list of signals on the WAVES screen as well as define or redefine signal groups The SELECT SCREEN is described in more detail below Group Buttons If a group is defined it can be exposed by moving the pointer onto the appropriate Group button and clicking the left mouse button SELECT SCREEN The SELECT SCREEN displays the list of signals defined in the gr_waves task along with the current list of signals in the WAVES SCREEN You can redefine the existing groups February 1993 31 Product Version 1 2c Graphical Output for the Verilog Product Family Waveform Output define new groups or just change the current mix of signals on the WAVES SCREEN A portion of the SELECT SCREEN is shown in Figure 2 2 on page 32 Figure 2 2 Portion of SELECT SCREEN fixed signal highlighted unfixed signal WAVES Pennan prev NEXT CLEAR pone Group 5 Group areg h p breg b addy h mulv Xd divv any one OT highlighted Group buttons The operations available from the SELEC
53. ly Remote Graphics Support Remote Graphics allows you to run the Verilog simulator on a remote host and at the same time view and interact with graphics on a local workstation The Remote Graphics system tasks available are B Sgr_remote Connects a simulation process on one machine with a graphics process on another machine B S gr_synchon Synchronizes the simulation and graphics processes with respect to simulation time B Sgr_synchoff Decouples the simulation and graphics processes with respect to simulation time This chapter provides a brief overview of the use of Remote Graphics with Verilog XL and the Graphical Output Please refer to the Hemote Graphics Reference Manual for complete details on the Remote Graphics product and the use of the above system tasks This chapter contains the following sections m Remote Graphics on the Apollo Aegis System Graphics Window Scrolling Problem on Apollos Graphical Output Features Not Present in Remote Graphics Clarifications for Use of save and restart with Remote Graphics Bug Fixes Remote Graphics on the Apollo Aegis System You can run Remote Graphics only on systems that support the UNIX Transmission Control Protocol Internet Protocol TCP IP Consequently a gr_vlog graphics object module that supports Remote Graphics uses UNIX TCP IP for communications February 1993 57 Product Version 1 2c Graphical Output for the Verilog Product Family Remote Graphics
54. n is put in the background with Control z then the Graphical Output windows cannot be closed moved or otherwise manipulated Cont rol z freezes the Graphical Output windows because they are child processes of Verilog XL You cannot perform window operations on them after Cont ro1 z If you want to make Graphical Output window icons do so before pressing Cont rol z Waveform Output Quick Reference B The syntax for the gr waves system task is as follows gr waves sigl label lt sigl gt sig2 label lt sig2 gt lt sig lt n gt _label gt lt sig lt n gt gt m The X state is displayed as a filled solid box while the Z state is displayed as a line in the middle of O and 1 levels m Interrupting the simulation after the Sgr_waves system task enables mouse input Add signals to waves window after calling 59r waves using Sgr_addwaves lt signall_label gt lt signall gt signal2 label lt signal2 gt signal n label lt signal lt n gt gt Use the left mouse button for all Graphical Output input The cursor line is a solid line and the marker line is a dashed line The cursor line can be moved to waveform edges A time is the time interval between the marker and cursor lines The middle mouse button can be used to swap cursor and marker lines The format for the cursor marker and A times can be changed by executing a new Stimeformat system task Click on REDRAW to cause t
55. nd DD bebes ened oe Rae wees 48 A 16a dao mob OPE hanes dA OE etae t opted e quid ades du a eA 48 February 1993 5 Product Version 1 2c Graphical Output for the Verilog Product Family U nd erstanding Bar Values 39 9 4r rU E a etu ini USED ap 48 Example Calls to ar bars l l 49 5 Tiles COIS S Loser haere UA e LR E MEE E A tea lee IE 51 6 Plotting Waveforms uuu 53 Using the ps waves System Task ee eee 53 Selecting Signals Tor the Plot kg 22 4 9 Rte xor E rt pea a a Rut d Go La ed aot 54 Scaling the Plot cds dade duos A OROURCREAL A RO Ute Ene Resa ML av ge DOC RE RU EAR eade 55 Making M ltitPage PIOS ostende TII ERR wee 55 Performing System Administration for a LaserWriter 0 0 0 0 cece eee eee 35 Sun Workstations e ese ero hA Ebene nee aah 55 Apollo Workstations iac sts tarada rior bas da xp Ee IUE 55 7 Remote Graphics Support 0 00000 0000 57 Remote Graphics on the Apollo Aegis System 1 ee 57 Graphics Window Scrolling Problem on Apollos lllsss 58 Graphical Output Features Not Present in Remote Graphics 58 Clarifications for Use of save and restart with Remote Graphics 58 Setting the Graphics Host waste oue ede et sola She t ae dE 59 saving Window Size and Position erro keke sade rra as EROR 59 A ESCORT LR PII TTE 59 Remote Graphics crashes after sever
56. nd underscores interchangeably For example TIME BUBBLE and Time bubble both specify the same object color strings One of the following strings enclosed in double quotes These strings are case insensitive beige black blue brown cyan gray green magenta red white yellow Table 2 2 Custom Coloring Objects with gr color Object String Default Color BG background bars bars divide bars max bars names bars titles bars values bus values buses cursor FG foreground marker regs the box in which values are displayed regs text regs time regs values February 1993 Black Green Cyan Red White Yellow White Green Cyan White White Yellow Yellow Green White Cyan 21 Product Version 1 2c Graphical Output for the Verilog Product Family Waveform Output Table 2 2 Custom Coloring Objects with gr color continued Object String Default Color time bubble Yellow time labels Green time scale Gray time values Cyan wires Green Xs unknown values Red Zs high impedance Brown Example gr color BG gray gray background time scale blue blue timescale Buses yellow yellow buses Understanding the Default Colors In this release some of the brighter colors have been toned down as follows m The Time scrollbar is gray with the currently visible time in yellow Menu buttons are gray Highlighted menu items such as defined
57. ntry LaserWriter on RS232 PortA lw ps postscript PostScript lp dev ttya sd usr spool lw 1f dev console br 9600 rw c 0000374 fs 0000003 xc 0 gt xs 0040040 mx 0 sf ish Create a spooling directory for the LaserWriter such as usr spool 1w All users are able to plot PostScript files by typing lpr Pps postscript_filename For more information see the Sun System amp Network Administration manual Apollo Workstations To set up the printer on an Apollo edit or create a configuration file for a default LaserWriter on serial port one Place this file in sys print printer_config data It must contain the following entries February 1993 55 Product Version 1 2c Graphical Output for the Verilog Product Family Plotting Waveforms bottom margin 0 collate copies on cpi 12 device laserwriter file banners off form feeds 0 interface serial lpi 6 pageno column 72 page headers off page width 78 page reversal on paper size A plot mode on print length 8 print width 5 5 printer name p resolution 300 sio line 1 speed 9600 top margin 0 Start a print server process by typing the following command cps com sh c com prsvr All users are able to plot PostScript files by typing this command prf postscript filename transparent February 1993 56 Product Version 1 2c Graphical Output for the Verilog Product Fami
58. ollowing strings enclosed in double quotes regs waves bars These strings are case insensitive lt x_origin gt The x dimension origin location in pixels of the window specified by lt window_type gt This must be a non negative integer lt y_origin gt The y dimension origin location in pixels of the window specified by lt window_type gt This must be a non negative integer lt x_width gt An optional argument used to define the width in pixels of the window specified by lt window_type gt The minimum width is 50 The maximum width depends on your windowing system as specified in Table 2 1 on page 18 February 1993 19 Product Version 1 2c Graphical Output for the Verilog Product Family Waveform Output y height An optional argument used to define the height in pixels of the window specified by window type The minimum height is 50 The maximum height depends on your windowing system as specified in Table 2 1 on page 18 Both x origin and y origin are required The optional arguments x width and y height must be specified as a pair a placeholder can not be used If the gr position parameters do not provide x width and y height gr position uses the current or default dimensions Under X Windows a Graphics window can be positioned totally on partially on or totally off the screen However under Sunview and Apollo GPR windows must be fully on the screen The
59. ontains m New Features and Enhancements Who Should Read This Manual The Graphical Output tool for the Verilog9 product family requires that you are an advanced Verilog user This manual does not cover any of the Verilog features nor does it instruct you in using Verilog If you are not an advanced and experienced Verilog user we suggest that you familiarize yourself with the Verilog products before attempting to use the Graphical Output tool What This Manual Contains This manual describes the graphical display features of the Verilog product family These features are implemented by a set of system tasks which can be called from within a Verilog description These system tasks create Graphical Output windows where as simulation time progresses the values of the arguments passed to these tasks are monitored The three forms of graphical displays presently available are m Waveform m Bar Graph m Register a page oriented string display The waveform output mechanism is implemented by the gr_waves system task The display it produces is useful for viewing data values with respect to time The formats in which data is displayed include binary octal hexadecimal decimal real and string Additionally X February 1993 9 Product Version 1 2c Graphical Output for the Verilog Product Family Introduction and Z values are represented graphically The waveform display feature is described in Chapter 2 Waveform Output
60. ost machine The default amount of space allocated in the absence of a call to 59r waves memsize is 500 000 bytes This limit is set when gr waves is called A call to gr waves memsize after a call to gr waves can increase the amount of memory available for the waveform display but it cannot reduce it Improving Simulator and Graphical Output Performance You can reduce network traffic by up to a factor of 8 by observing the following rules m Uses freeze waves m Reduce the amount of drawing by taking one of the following steps a Totally obscure a REGS or BARS window by placing it under another window Q Iconize a REGS or BARS window Adding Signals The gr addwaves task adds signals to the waves display February 1993 26 Product Version 1 2c Graphical Output for the Verilog Product Family Waveform Output Syntax Sgr_addwaves lt signal_label gt lt signal gt This task accepts a list of signals in the same format as gr_waves The task gr_waves must be executed before gr_addwaves Example gr addwaves lpct 0 loopent fnsl d func sel As a result of the above gr_addwaves task the signals 1oopcnt and func_sel have been added to the bottom of the list of signals displayed in the waves window see Figure 2 1 on page 18 The values of the signals added are not available in the WAVES display prior to the time they were added If the display is scrolled zoomed or jumped back to a time prior
61. overlapping on top of them have data redisplayed or accept input February 1993 63 Product Version 1 2c Graphical Output for the Verilog Product Family Limitations B The windows can turn black due to moving resizing The data reappears the next time data is written to that particular window but only if the window has no overlapping windows on top of it m Mouse input can be ignored after a window goes blank This problem can be alleviated by popping the graphics windows B Closing the graphics windows into icons on Apollo workstations has the effect of blocking the Verilog process thus stopping the simulation February 1993 64 Product Version 1 2c Graphical Output for the Verilog Product Family Bugs This chapter contains the following sections m Bug Fixes B Outstanding Bugs Bug Fixes The following bug fixes have been made for this final release of the Graphical Output for the Verilog product family Segmentation fault occurs when gr_addwaves follows a gr_waves with no signals Invoking gr waves with no signals at time 0 followed by a gr addwaves very early in the simulation no longer causes a segmentation fault Fatal error occurs when simulation time exceeds 31 bits In version 1 2a both the WAVES and REGS windows supported 64 bit simulation time values However under certain circumstances a fatal error used to occur when the span of time units stored in the simulation history exceeded 31 bits T
62. pport for Graphical Output window resizing and placement as well as improved font support new mouse behavior and a new system task for customizing the colors of graphic objects X Windows Performance Enhancements The X Windows version of Verilog Graphical Output could use an excessive amount of network capacity when running on a high performance platform This has been improved In addition the code no longer issues drawing commands to a window that is an icon or is totally covered Overlap in Multi Page Plots Multi page plots now have a small overlap from one page to the next Scaling of plots is still based on the current scale of the display window Faster Refresh of the WAVES Window To increase window refresh speed Graphical Output now completely draws each wave before proceeding to the next Previously the window was refreshed from right to left February 1993 11 Product Version 1 2c Graphical Output for the Verilog Product Family Introduction Change in Definition of gr waves memsize Previously Graphical Output used the default allocation of 500 000 bytes of memory or any amount specified using gr waves memsize as a maximum amount of memory to be allocated Now the default amount or the amount you specify with g9r waves memsize is used as a guideline for Graphical Output memory management The Graphical Output memory manager attempts to stay within this guideline by deleting earlier Graphical Output history up to th
63. refore under Sunview and GPR the sum of x origin and x width cannot be greater than the x dimension specified in Table 2 1 on page 18 Similarly the sum of y origin and y height cannot be greater than the y dimension If either of these sums exceeds the specified value gr position adjusts the window origin so that the whole window fits within these dimensions Examples gr position regs 10 10 500 500 gr position waves 0 0 The first example places a 500 x 500 pixel REGS window on the screen with its upper lefthand corner at pixel location 10 10 The second example places the WAVES window in the upper lefthand corner of the screen You can schedule the gr position system task to be executed before or after calling a Graphics window Customizing Colors with a System Task The gr color system task assigns new colors to specified graphics objects The parameters consist of a list of one or more object color pairs Syntax gr color task gr color lt pair gt lt lt pair gt gt pair lt object_string gt lt color_string gt Arguments obyect tring One of the strings listed in Table 2 1 on page 21 enclosed in double quotes This table also lists the default colors supplied for February 1993 20 Product Version 1 2c Graphical Output for the Verilog Product Family Waveform Output each of these objects The strings are case insensitive and they accept hyphens a
64. rior gr waves the following error message displays February 1993 67 Product Version 1 2c Graphical Output for the Verilog Product Family Bugs no graphics history available Compilation terminates when max height is 0 Verilog XL compilation no longer terminates when the max height argument to the gr bars system task evaluates to zero Fatal error occurs when defining group name Leaving out the second parameter group name for the system task define group waves no longer causes Verilog XL to crash The compiler now gives a compiler error to identify the omission Outstanding Bugs The following is a list of all known bugs in this final version of the Graphics software along with their known workarounds Monitoring a signal with a zero delay loop Monitoring signals of a Verilog description that does not advance in time may cause excessive warnings and increases in memory allocation to occur after simulating for several minutes If this condition occurs check for a zero delay loop in the Verilog code Allowing this situation to continue might cause all virtual memory to be exhausted causing the computer to hang or crash Clicking in the Graphics window during simulation Sunview only In Sunview clicking the mouse in a Graphics window while Verilog XL simulation is running not in interactive mode may cause the cursor to become invisible However if the mouse is moved to another window the cursor reappears
65. s projected on this bar by a vertical line During the interactive mode one can traverse along the time bar by positioning the pointer at a location and clicking the left mouse button The data values for the corresponding time are then displayed Interactive Display Buttons The following interactive display features are provided with the REGS window February 1993 44 Product Version 1 2c Graphical Output for the Verilog Product Family REGS Window Output REDRAW Button Redraws the current window If a St imeformat system task is entered click on the REDRAW button to update the time format Scrolling Buttons gt gt move forward in time to the next value change lt lt move backward in time to the next value change LINE with arrows above move your view of the window up one line PAGE with arrows above move your view of the window up 1 2 page LINE with arrows below move your view of the window down one line PAGE with arrows below move your view of the window down 1 2 page Using 64 Bit Time Values The REGS window provides graphical support for 64 bit simulation time values In prior releases of Graphical Output simulation time values could not exceed 32 bits in length even though Verilog versions 1 3 and beyond support values to 64 bits NOTE To use the gr_jumptotime system task to jump to a time greater than 32 bits the time argument must be expressed in the following number format ref
66. screen are shown to the left of the waveforms Interactive Display Buttons The following interactive display buttons are provided with the WAVES screen SWAP Button Swaps the cursor and marker lines ZOOM Button Zooms the waveform display so that the data between the marker and the cursor positions fills the entire display ZOOM can be used to both zoom in or zoom out To zoom in place the cursor and marker lines on the waveform display and click on ZOOM To zoom out place one or both of the cursor and marker lines in the time bar outside the range already displayed and click on ZOOM February 1993 30 Product Version 1 2c Graphical Output for the Verilog Product Family Waveform Output LEFT CNTR RGHT Buttons These buttons are used for traversing along the time bar and for pivoting the display around the cursor position Each time you click a button the display moves so that the cursor position is at the left center right of the display RDRW Button Redraws the current screen If a t imeformat system task is entered interactively RDRW can be selected to cause the cursor marker and A time formats to update Scrolling Buttons Clicking on the appropriate arrow at the ends of the Time bar causes the waves screen to move forward gt or backward lt in time to the next value change Clicking on the appropriate arrow above and below the Group buttons moves your view of the display by one signal position The fo
67. t changes more frequently Control c and other windows related Verilog crashes Verilog XL no longer crashes when a user types Cont ro1 c with the Graphics window displayed A bug that allowed window requests to be serviced when the Graphics data structures were incomplete has been fixed Initial delta value is incorrect in successive gr waves calls The WAVES window no longer displays an erroneous initial delta value for successive gr waves calls during the same simulation Overlapping display of bus values in WAVES window There is no longer an overlapping display of bus values in the WAVES window Core dump occurs when Graphics memory is increased more than once A core dump used to occur when REGS or WAVES memory was increased more than once before the window was opened This was fixed so that a second memory allocation now executes correctly When a memory allocation executes the Graphics software displays a confirmation message The following example shows an interactive invocation of gr waves memsize and the resulting message The allocated size total shows how much of the memory available for allocation is currently allocated gt gr waves memsize 600000 Waves memory size 600000 Allocated size 494208 This same form of message would be displayed by 9r regs memsize February 1993 66 Product Version 1 2c Graphical Output for the Verilog Product Family Bugs Incorrect display when gr addwaves follows a gr
68. t screens WAVES SCREEN and SELECT SCREEN are provided by the waveform display Both of these screens accept mouse input WAVES SCREEN The signal waveforms are displayed on this screen and are displayed as timing diagrams The unknown state X state of a scalar or vector is displayed as a filled solid box High impedance is displayed as a horizontal line which is vertically centered between the 0 and 1 levels refer to signals b and add v respectively in Figure 2 1 on page 18 The values for vectors appear in their specified format if enough space is available at the given scale Appropriately adjusting the scale of the display allows these lengthier numbers to appear In addition to the waveforms the WAVES SCREEN displays the following features refer to Figure 2 1 on page 18 Time Bar A Time bar is displayed to represent the total time period over which the preserved data is available The Current Time window is projected onto this Time bar as a filled rectangle Cursor and Marker Lines A cursor line and a marker line are provided to measure time intervals and to define regions for zooming The cursor line can be placed by moving the mouse to a waveform edge or to a location on the time bar and clicking the left mouse button The cursor line moves to the nearest edge for any of the signals defined on the waves screen The corresponding time is displayed as the cursor time The time associated with the marker line is displayed as the
69. to the addition of these signals they are displayed as several horizontal lines one above the other Jumping to a Specified Time The gr jumptotime task allows you to jump to a particular time in both the WAVES and REGS displays The cursor is centered in the WAVES window at the specified time The REGS window also jumps to the specified time and displays the appropriate values Syntax gr jumptotime time Argument time An integer or real expression assumed to be in the units of the currently active timescale as defined by the most recently executed timeformat system task Note To use the gr jumptotime system task to jump to a time greater than 32 bits the time argument must be expressed in the following number format refer to the Lexical Conventions chapter of the Verilog XL Reference Manual for an explanation of this format ss s f nn n For example to jump to time 34 000 000 000 type gr jumptotime 64 d34000000000 February 1993 27 Product Version 1 2c Graphical Output for the Verilog Product Family Waveform Output Using the timeformat System Task The timeformat system task is a Verilog system task which establishes the time unit for delays entered interactively as well as the time unit precision suffix string and minimum field width for time information displayed using the t format specifier The time unit precision suffix string and minimum field width for the cursor mark
70. ulation can continue with the overflow or a timeformat system task can be executed interactively to adjust the time unit to a format which requires a smaller field width Example Stimeformat 8 4 x10 ns 20 In the example shown in Figure 2 1 on page 18 this t imeformat system task was executed at 60 nanoseconds Therefore both the times in the upper right hand corner and the final value of the signal 1pstart which is formatted by c have been formatted by this timeformat example However prior to the time 60 nanoseconds no t imeformat system task was executed Therefore the first two values of 1pstart shown in Figure 2 1 on page 18 are displayed in the time of the simulator In this particular case the time unit is picoseconds since the time of the simulator was determined by the compiler directive February 1993 28 Product Version 1 2c Graphical Output for the Verilog Product Family Waveform Output timescale 1 ns 1 ps Interacting with the Waveform Display The gr waves system task initializes the Graphical Output window Mouse interaction for the Graphical Output window is enabled when Verilog is in the interactive mode The left mouse button is used for input A set of menu buttons along the top of the WAVES window is provided for interaction Positioning the pointer inside a menu button and clicking the left mouse button selects the graphics operation associated with that menu item Two differen
71. ves task and associate a group name to them During a graphics interaction you can select any group for display by clicking the mouse button on the menu item associated with the group Syntax define group waves group no group name lt signal_label gt lt signal_label gt February 1993 24 Product Version 1 2c Graphical Output for the Verilog Product Family Waveform Output Arguments group no An integer value between 1 and 20 group name A string surrounded by double quotes with a maximum of 5 characters signal label A signal label string including the format specifier surrounded by double quotes This string has already been defined under the gr waves task If a signal label does not match any of the labels defined in gr waves then a blank space is inserted in place of that undefined signal Note A maximum of 30 signals can be included in a group Example The following string groups the signals defined in the gr_waves example S define group waves 1 adds areg Sh breg b addv h i rl f j rl set a rl Here group 1 consists of the signals a b add v i j and add r and the label adds appears on the menu button associated with group 1 See Figure 2 1 on page 18 Freezing the Display The f reeze waves system task disables continuous update of the Graphical Output window You can use this task to speed up simulation by avoiding graphics operat
72. ves the right to revoke this authorization at any time and any such use shall be discontinued immediately upon written notice from Cadence Disclaimer Information in this publication is subject to change without notice and does not represent a commitment on the part of Cadence The information contained herein is the proprietary and confidential information of Cadence or its licensors and is supplied subject to and may be used only by Cadence s customer in accordance with a written agreement between Cadence and its customer Except as may be explicitly set forth in such agreement Cadence does not make and expressly disclaims any representations or warranties as to the completeness accuracy or usefulness of the information contained in this document Cadence does not warrant that use of such information will not infringe any third party rights nor does Cadence assume any liability for damages or costs of any kind that may result from use of such information Restricted Rights Use duplication or disclosure by the Government is subject to restrictions as set forth in FAR52 227 14 and DFAR252 227 7013 et seq or its successor Graphical Output for the Verilog Product Family Contents 1 Introduction uoo tr er retra S a d rt ERES Who Should Read This Manual eee What This Manual Contains 2 amp 3 tr qr iuepxd kk eee a New Features and Enhancements llle Real Numbers and Timescales
73. yed side by side The chart name string is displayed beneath the set of bars The maximum length of the chart name string can be 45 characters February 1993 47 Product Version 1 2c Graphical Output for the Verilog Product Family Bar Graph Output max height An integer or real expression which determines the scale of all the bars of a particular chart This argument can be real whether or not any real expressions are monitored bar label An ASCII string enclosed in double quotes maximum six characters which appear beneath the bar in the windows The associated expression expr must by the next argument lt expr gt Any valid integer or real expression that returns a value The most common case is a variable name When gr bars is called it opens a graphics window in the upper right hand corner of the screen This system task should be called once for each group of bars you want to display Multiple groups can be displayed by calling gr bars with different chart names These groups are displayed one above the other in the same window Currently the maximum number of charts that can be displayed is 5 The maximum number of bars in a chart is currently 10 BARS Output Formats The gr bars system task accepts a real expression for the max height argument Additionally any bar which monitors a real expression has a real value shown at the top of the bar No format specifier is necessary Plottin
74. ze and Position The save system task saves the current window size and position only when Graphics is running locally in Sunview When Remote Graphics runs in Sunview or when Graphical Output or Remote Graphics runs under Apollo GPR or X Windows the window size and position revert to the Graphics defaults on execution of restart Bug Fixes The following bug fixes apply specifically to Remote Graphics Remote Graphics crashes after several Verilog XL runs In releases prior to version 1 2a you could run multiple consecutive simulations in communication with Remote Graphics under Sunview In version 1 2a this caused a crash with Sunview running out of windows This has been fixed Second Verilog XL simulation opens closed window Under Sunview a Graphics window that was an icon during one simulation used to open as a window when the next Verilog XL simulation started thereby reducing simulator performance This problem has been fixed February 1993 59 Product Version 1 2c Graphical Output for the Verilog Product Family Remote Graphics Support Remote Graphics does not work with Open Windows Remote Graphics now works with Open Windows Crash occurs on mouse click on group defined after gr waves Remote Graphics used to crash if a group was defined that included signals from a call to gr addwaves if there had been a call to gr bars or gr regs between the calls to gr waves and gr addwaves This problem has been fixe

Graphical Output for the Verilog Product Family

Contents

Download Pdf Manuals

Related Search

Related Contents