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Aerial Triangulation USER MANUAL

1. 37 RACURS Co Ul Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia PHOTOMOD 4 4 3 4 2 2 Tie points measurements window To measure points in the Tie points measurements window select a strip from the list of strips then a stereo pair from the list of the current strip stereo pairs and push the icon on the Actions panel of the Measuring tie points tab Measuring tie points window appears Fig 29 which contains two raster images of the stereo pair and two lenses for the left and right images respectively ea Measuring tie points 679 678 Stereopairs Points Orientation Options ss H p 16 M r 15 13131 000 11424 000 7892 000 11744 000 Ms ar contra Gr control Ei T Tie ce Tie z z Fig 29 Relative orientation Working with raster images is described in the chapter 3 5 Working with raster images This window contains also the following tools e splitter line between images lenses and points list You can drag it up to extend points list e In point s list click the column header along with pressed Ctrl key and the values of the column cells will be sorted in reverse order e You can select and delete group of points on the image using polygon in the following way by mouse clicks along with pressed Shift key after that the measurements of these points will be deleted There is a group of icons at the upper part of the window These icons are used for the following operation
2. Fig 1 Project Properties tab This window contains several tabs corresponding to each processing step Select the corresponding item from the Steps menu or click the corresponding tab to move to the particular processing step If working with a new project it is recommended to execute all 2009 4 AT July 25 2009 steps one by one in their natural order After completing some of necessary steps you can come back to any steps already completed and repeat some operations Possible changes you may do in this case will be saved and take effect to all subsequent steps Different project types are processed in PHOTOMOD AT module in different order Aerial survey projects have to pass the following stages e Project properties step 0 displaying general project information e Interior orientation step 1 interior orientation of block images e Measuring GC points step 2 adding identification and measurements of the GCPs on images of the block e Strip ties step 3 measurements of tie points between adjacent strips e Tie points measurements step 4 measurements of tie points on overlapping images in the strip Workflow provided for scanner images projects differs and is described in the chapter 4 3 Processing of scanner monoblock in PHOTOMOD AT and 4 4 Processing of scanner stereoblock in PHOTOMOD AT 3 1 Project properties At the tab 0 Project properties Fig 1 the project name type an
3. WA PHOTOMOD AT IKONOS Moscow _ O x Steps Help Exit O Project Properties 1 Measuring GC points Measuring tie points 3 Measuring stereo points Measuring stereo points LE Mame Perform orientation fosco Perform orientation Show scheme fo Recompute relative orientation FA Delete tie measurements rat Delete all points measurements et Delete unused points from catalogue Fig 54 Start of measuring points in stereo mode IKONOS stereopair Refer to the chapter 3 4 2 Tie points measurements for details on points measurements After point s measurements and performing of orientation you should go back to PHOTOMOD Montage Desktop and start further processing in other PHOTOMOD modules Solver DTM StereoDraw etc 5 Import of measurements In case of building and adjustment of the block of images by third party software you can load the data coordinates of control and tie points and exterior orientation parameters to the PHOTOMOD system for further processing PAT B and AeroSys formats are used for the data exchange The whole procedure and PAT B files examples are described in details in chapter Import of measurements in PHOTOMOD Montage Desktop User Manual 6 Database tables used by PHOTOMOD AT 6 1 Tables description All PHOTOMOD AT data is stored in the database tables resource with db extension that are described below You can use PHOTOMOD Explorer window see Fig 55 to open the
4. G Software PHOTOMOD 4 4 Module Aerial Triangulation USER MANUAL 1 PHOTOMOD AT data collection for the Aerial Triangulation process 4 Ze Installation and Starting sn cus ean atid essa iieces vines eaa raie Eae aee aH 4 3 Working with PHOTOMOD AT cccececcceceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaseeesaaeeeeeaeeseaa essen sesaaeesoaeseenessonessans 4 Ball PRO CCU PIODEMICS manue Reed et Gi tnt lent is 5 9 2 Nteror onena Massip Ernest tintin care ne nn la 5 3 2 1 GOordinates trahSTOrMatiON nm iesreuaneren mere eee naar Acasa 5 3 2 2 Interior orientation 10032 un marre na ue a 7 3 2 3 Manual measuring of fiducial marks 8 3 2 4 Automatic interior orientation seen 10 3 2 5 Interior orientation using digital camera data 13 3 9 Ground COmtoll DOIMES MP Us ae Ge acces ess dc lees eben dessertes et ec 20 3 3 1 Entering ground control points coordinates cccccseeccceeeeccsaeeceeseeseessseeecsneeeesenes 20 LL GO ECT MI E ER te Gees nn tes Co ean ses 23 3 3 2 Measuring of ground control points 23 2 32 1 RASCH Map SCOLrelercnCe lt csus csmssmeitiaceinesmiecceesehssets aan eeca snare NM ait 26 35 2 2 Measuring points ON Taster TAP sia seunicassounssccadevssussgenenanntuasmanaganse E E db eines 28 3 3 2 3 Measuring points ON vector MAP ei ists Nm Nr nes 31 3 4 AddING Of TS PONS easa a O ain Al Oui a 32 SA TINODES rase demain Los Daelim don
5. Already done z 2 7 F 71 TD 11169664 Already done 11169669 Already done El el a Allow Changing Interior Orientation Allow Interior Orientation for Images With Another Camera Fig 13 Turn the option Allow changing interior orientation on if it is necessary to change coordinate system for selected images strips Turn the option Allow interior orientation for images with another camera on if it is necessary to change interior orientation for the images attached to wrong camera accidentally in general case project could contain images acquired by different cameras pe ns After pushing the button D S Perform orientation digital camera interior orientation results are shown Fig 14 shows the first image of the 4th strip 19 RACURS Co UI Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia PHOTOMOD 4 4 ir BH Y TPeHHee OpKeHTHpoBanve 11170211 Ha tn Metky af eel el 8 il 4076 000 0 000 _ _ J ABTOMATHYECKOe OPHEHTHPOBAHHA E a oe DSS_digital Seca d EN ee 2 Bcero 1 joj a m Head Pasmep o6nactu noucka Fig 14 3 3 Ground control points input Select the Measuring GC points tab of PHOTOMOD AT window to input ground control points Fig 17 At first you should enter catalog of control points coordinates see the chapter 3 3 1 Entering ground control points coordinates and then recognize and measure GCP on the
6. Processing images in PHOTOMOD AT includes interior orientation entering control points coordinates and measuring control points on the images adding tie points in the overlapping areas between strips and adjacent images Once all necessary operations in PHOTOMOD AT are done the block is adjusted in PHOTOMOD Solver module see the corresponding User Manual As a result of block adjustment the exterior orientation parameters are computed and the single stereopairs may be transferred to PHOTOMOD DTM and PHOTOMOD StereoDraw modules for DIM extraction and 3D feature collection 2 Installation and starting PHOTOMOD AT is installed along with the PHOTOMOD system by starting setup exe file from the installation CD See also readme txt file on your CD for the installation instructions PHOTOMOD AT is started for selected project from PHOTOMOD Montage Desktop program see the corresponding User Manual by the icon 3 Working with PHOTOMOD AT Work in PHOTOMOD AT is organized as several steps procedure Fig 1 tW PHOTOMOD AT InfoMap _for_AT Z oO x Steps Help Exit 0 Project Properties 1 Interior Orientation 2 Measuring GC Points 3 Strip Ties 4 Tie Points Measurements Project Properties Name InfoMap for AT Type Block of aerial images Description InfoMap project 2 strips by 3 images Project created 28 June 2006 15 49 27 strips in project Images in project 6 GC points in project 10 More
7. e Semi fixed in this case moving a point on one image or both images of the current pair Causes corresponding moving at the same distance pixels and direction on all images with this point Be careful when working in this mode since a point changes its location on images that currently are not displayed e None points are moved independently and without restrictions on all images Besides menu item Options allows to setup the following measurement parameters Marker opens a window for color shape and size of marker adjustment see the chapter 3 5 3 Marker parameters Correlator used for adjusting of correlation algorithm see the chapter 3 4 2 7 Correlator parameters Zone size allows to adjust the size of areas on stereopair where points are measured automatically see the chapter 3 4 2 5 4 Automatic adding of new points Brightness contrast allows to adjust brightness contrast and gamma correction of left or right image of stereopair See the chapter 3 5 2 Adjusting brightness and contrast Automatic calculations if the option is on relative orientation is recalculated automatically each time after point is measured on image Display styles opens a window to change color or visualization style normal or bold of all types of points overlap boundaries and zones Double click on color cell opens standard color palette of OS Windows to select the color 39 RACURS Co UI Yaroslavskaya 13 A
8. push the button El Points selection mode at the top of the window and click the point To select a group of points draw a rectangle around needed points by mouse dragging Using radio buttons in the Label panel you can show on the scheme names of e all measured points All button e selected points Selected button e nonames None button If the Follow option Follow checkbox in the upper left part of the window is on selection of points images and strips causes selection points images and strips located on them or containing them You can change the scale of the scheme in zoom mode when the button A Zoom mode is pushed or Zoom menu item is selected To change the scheme scale use the following icons of upper button bar or commands from the Zoom menu a Zoom in to zoom in the scheme a Zoom out to zoom out the scheme q Restore original to restore the original scale Besides you can enlarge some part of the block scheme selected be the rectangle drawn by mouse To view changes in block scheme window push the button e refresh block scheme To adjust the marker parameters push the button or select menu command Selection Marker parameters which opens the appropriate window see the chapter 3 5 3 Marker parameters The Show point button is used for viewing the point on images where it is measured Fig 44 Press Esc to close the window showing point on images 57 RACURS Co U
9. with sub pixel accuracy the pixel size depends on the current zoom and the marker moving step is defined by the sensitivity slider located at the bottom of the window Another advantage is that stereocomparator mode is available for adding or transferring tie points 2009 48 AT July 25 2009 both in the stereopair overlapping area see the chapter 3 4 2 Tie points measurements and in the inter strip overlapping area see the chapter 3 4 1 Interstrip ties EEE t gt p 17 M er 127 4896 667 9933 333 1343 111 9521 411 14 502 90 426 89 895 82 855 al MI s A i M s sl sal Point Search ooo ooo 2 m 0 000 0 006 Fig 36 Stereocomparator mode Use the z icon to start stereocomparator mode for transferring selected tie point from one image to another one or the lt 4 icon for adding a new tie point on both images As a result stereocomparator window opens Fig 36 There are 3 groups of arrow buttons at the left middle and right part of the window bottom a The left group is used to move the left image in the direction corresponding to the selected arrow duplicated by Shift arrow keys of the keyboard Right group duplicated by Ctrl arrow keys works in the same way for the right image The middle group is used to move both images together Besides you can change the scale of the right image using an additional buttons on right arrows group zoom in right image scale o
10. 1004 3691 7 612 169559 552 oa 4 E 1006 rarr 90 226 189093 001 OM i E 1007 fool 4 0 1886097 497 06 62 E 1010 Pande 864 188544 30 06 07 E 1011 FASO 762 231131 168 oa 42 1012 r 40095 8605 231150 194 00 99 Imported 0 Import all y Import selected FL Done Fig 16 GCP coordinates import To import points you want select them using the mouse along with pressed Ctrl key or arrow keys along with pressed Shift key Once points are selected click the button Import selected You can also add all points from the file by clicking the button Import all Imported points are added to the end of GCP list and points of the same name as existing ones will be renamed with adding 0 number to the end of their names The icon Export is used to export coordinate values to the selected text file The output file format is described in the chapter 3 3 1 1 GCP file format After deleting control point from the list it is completely deleted if it is measured just on one image and it becomes a tie point if it is measured on more than one image see the chapter 3 4 2 Tie points measurements If you have coordinates of the images projection centers you can use them for block adjustment see PHOTOMOD Solver User Manual Click the icon 4 projection centers to open a window of input or import projection centers coordinates The projection centers window contents is the same as described above for the ground control points The names o
11. 3 0 VVOFKING With raster IMAGCS ersa ania E A Cine anus 62 30 1uUNage VIEW WINDOWS seen ie ee tiens 62 3 5 2 Adjusting brightness and CONWAST iicleccc sets tiennent an Marre lien lente tente adele 63 29 9 IMAIKEr Dalamete lS saintet ann Nico 63 3 5 4 Types of points and their visualization on images 1 ccccceeccccseeeccessseccesaeeeessneseesenes 64 4 PLOIGCL YDES in nn a an et Co Mt eee een 64 4 1 Number of GCP necessary for space images processing in PHOTOMOD 66 4 2 Processing of single central projection images in PHOTOMOD AT 67 4 3 Processing of scanner monoblock in PHOTOMOD AT 67 4 4 Processing of scanner stereoblock in PHOTOMOD AT 69 44 1 GCP inp t and M aSUreMeNt ss annees note ti a e LT 69 4 4 2 Measuring points IN stereo mode 70 5 IMpOrt OF measurements nn E ae cn me 71 6 Database tables used by PHOTOMOD AL cccceteceeeeseeeeeeeeneeeseesneesseneeeseeseeeseaeneesenees 71 AT July 25 2009 6 1 Tables CES CMD OMS dde dan eee meats neon anodes 71 Oa PAIS S COMING PE seuseiennse uulannscamannsatulanncenignneseteliunsanutad ys 15 3 RACURS Co Ul Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia PHOTOMOD 4 4 1 PHOTOMOD AT data collection for the Aerial Triangulation process PHOTOMOD AT Aerial Triangulation is a module of data collection for digital aerial triangulation phototriangulation for the block of images
12. July 25 2009 WA Raster georeference D france_proj France 89 3 4 5 6 img 2543 bmp tif S go A g A QnA aA sss 0 E AAA cu Pw a CEN ES DE ee x AN i v s gt ane tee Pa 2317145 117 5576 000 2513 000 u456567 0 000 0 000 pen 688533 743 2317145117 5576 000 251 3 000 35535 0 000 0 000 eke 688533 743 2317145 117 5576 000 2513 000 hhh 0 000 0 000 688533 743 2317145 117 5576 000 2513 000 Point 4 0 000 0 000 xp 4063 000 Yp 6878 000 Kg 689586 387 Yg 2311233 533 Z Fig 20 Map georeferencing If georeference file in Maplnfo TAB format and with the same name as map file is storing in the same folder as file with scanned map then list of georeference points and their coordinates is opened in Raster map window In this list Xg Yg geodetic coordinates Xp Yp pixel coordinates Name point name Push the button with point number in leftmost column N of the table to visualize point in map window to place marker in point s pixel coordinates Upper menu buttons are intended for the following operations load raster map opens dialogue of raster file selection in TIFF BMP JPG formats and its opening duplicated by hot keys Ctrl O ia load reference map opens dialogue for selection of raster file with map in main raster formats and its opening LA load vector map opens dialogue of vector file selection in TIFF BMP JPG in PHR PHOTOMOD format DXF or
13. La Ta Fig 28 Tie points measurements tab Although the program allows making measurements on stereo pairs in an arbitrary order it is recommended to follow the natural order of stereo pairs in strips Actions panel contains the buttons allowing to perform the following ty Perform orientation Perform orientation opens a window used to make measurements on the current stereopair see the chapter 3 4 2 2 Working in Tie points measurements window show scheme Show scheme to show the strip layout and the position of the measured points see the chapter 3 4 4 Working with block scheme ct Recompte relative orientation e Recompute relative orientation used to recalculate relative orientation for all stereo pairs that got any changes like tie points deletion adding inter strip points etc Be careful since there is no control of the relative orientation in this case 2 Delete tie measurements A aaneres O Delete tie measurements see the chapter 3 4 2 2 Working in Tie points measurements window rast Delete all points measurements e Delete all points measurements ground control and tie See the chapters 3 3 Ground control points input and 3 4 Adding of tie points Delete unused points from catalogue Delete unused points from catalogue used to delete from GCP catalogue points imported from large area projects and located out of current block and thus excluded from further measurements
14. PHOTOMOD Montage Desktop User Manual for information about supported scanner imagery formats Refer to Space Imagery Processing User Manual for detailed description of the whole procedure of space images processing in PHOTOMOD system 4 4 1 GCP input and measurement In case of pushbroom imagery processing use the following PHOTOMOD AT main window tabs The tab Measuring GC points allows ground control and check points coordinates input and their measurement on the images as described in the chapter 3 3 Ground control points input 69 RACURS Co UI Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia PHOTOMOD 4 4 A PHOTOMOD AT IKONOS Moscow OI x Steps Help Exit 0 Project Properties 1 Measuring GC points 2 Measuring tie points 3 Measuring stereo points Measuring GC Points Measured 75 of 75 points SE GC Points Catalog x Fly Measure Point Delete SC points measurements and catalog Fig 53 GCP measurement on scanner stereopair IKONOS If the project consists of several strips you may measure inter strip tie points on the Measuring tie points tab If the project contains the only stereopair you should start tie points measuring see the chapter 4 4 2 Measuring points in stereo mode 4 4 2 Measuring points in stereo mode The tab Measuring stereo points is intended for GCPs CPs and tie points measurement in stereoscopic mode 2009 70 AT July 25 2009
15. X Xc Xo O Y Yce Yc where x y the coordinates of a point in the film coordinate system Xc Yc the coordinates of a point in the digital image coordinate system 5 RACURS Co Ul Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia PHOTOMOD 4 4 X c Yc the coordinates of the principal point in the digital image coordinate system In this case the axes of the film coordinate system are parallel to the axes of the digital image coordinate system If in the process of interior orientation the fiducial marks coordinates were measured the transformation depends on the Fiducial marks data option selected when the camera data were entered In case of the Calibrated distances option the transformation is described by the following equation X Xo k COS Xe SING ye y Y c ky sin Xc COSP Yc where Xe Yo the coordinates of the origin of the film coordinate system in the digital image coordinate system the rotation angle of the film coordinate system relatively of the digital image coordinate system kx Ky the coefficients describing a film deformations along the x y axes If no data about fiducial distances is available Fiducial marks option the transformation is described by the following equation X Xo COS Xe SIND Yc y Y o SIND Xe COS Yeo where x y Xc Yc parameters have the same values as in the previous equation lf Fiducial marks data option is set to Fiducial
16. are input in the window Fig 11 opened by the if in Distortion field the option Radial is selected Radial distortion x Symmetry point zero distortion a 16 6144 Y 16 4063 button 000 6 0000 a 000d 10 0000 Fig 11 Radial distortion Note PHOTOMOD system takes into account a distortion as follows a point position on an ideal free of distortion image is equal to its position on the real image PLUS the value from the distortion table You should input passport data carefully since there is no common rule for distortion signs and they could be opposite for some cameras passports Thus in case of poor results of block adjustment you should try to input distortion coefficients with the opposite sign pe FM Push the button L Perform orientation digital camera to perform interior orientation In the window opened push the icon Auto and the button OK After that you will get the results of interior orientation considering possible images rotations during project creation in PHOTOMOD Montage Desktop module Fig 12 shows by location of coordinate axes on blue icons to the right from images names that images of 4 strip were rotated on 90 degrees and images of 3 strip on 270 17 RACURS Co Ul Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia PHOTOMOD 4 4 W Image Selection for Interior Orientation OI x 1 S lAkl 4 Digital Camera DS5_digital Secs Status Comment
17. e select the point in the list e push the I button 25 RACURS Co Ul Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia PHOTOMOD 4 4 The points measured on other images are indicated in the list by the pink color To move to the image where such point has been measured push the button Go to image If the point is not measured and is located on the image which is not shown in the window push the button Search image on the block and go to the image which contains the point to measure it Such transfer is possible and the button is active if images of the block are matched to each other for example automatically in PHOTOMOD AAT module and also the block scheme is created and saved see the chapter 3 4 4 Working with the block scheme When two new points are measured selecting the third and following points in the list leads to automatic positioning of the marker to the surrounding of selected point Note If during adding an image to scanner project coordinates of the image corners had been also read than the marker is automatically moved to the approximate position of the given point on the images Otherwise preliminary positioning is done after three points have been measured on the image In case the calculated approximate position falls outside the image the marker stays on its previous place You can enter point s name or number to Point search field and appropriate record will be highlight
18. first and then the images Then click the button i Measure points Note The button i is inactive if the same strip is selected twice The window opened Fig 27 contains two main raster windows and two lens windows arranged vertically and displaying of two selected images ie Strip ties 678 673 680 666 664 671 Images Points Options ee elz e Si 8621 000 3001 000 MMAR 02630666 6920 000 11895 000 11 MJ E 8 Gr control 10 Tie 14 Tie z Fig 27 Measurement of points on the adjacent strips images The set of buttons located in the upper part of the window contains e two groups of buttons t E for selection the upper and the lower images w settings button see settings description in the chapter 3 2 3 Manual measuring of fiducial marks fil button for exiting from the measurements procedure Changing correlator parameters procedure is available by selecting the Correlator item from the Options menu see the chapter 3 4 2 7 Correlator parameters Working with GCPs and tie points in the inter strip overlapping area is quite similar to the procedures described in the chapter 3 4 2 5 Measuring of tie points on the stereopair for two overlapping images of the same strip except the automatic procedure of adding and transferring points You can add or transfer tie points in stereomode using the following icons pi Add in stereocomparator for new tie point measurin
19. given example symmetry point with zero distortion coincides with the principal point In Cameras editor window Fig 9 the following values were input 15 RACURS Co Ul Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia PHOTOMOD 4 4 x Camera Calibration date Description D5S_corner_mm 04 08 2006 15 digital carneral Units Focal length Se eS Principal poink coordinates A 15 61 Y 18 49 istortion Ho Formula f Radial 4 directions Fiducial coordinates Son iducial matks data Principal point Fiducial marks Calibrated distances Digital Camera 8 directions Fig 9 Cameras editor e Units mm e Fiducial marks data Principal point e Focal length 55 2205 mm When the option Digital camera is selected push the button l window intended for input of digital camera parameters Digital Camera x Principal point coordinates imm From lower left corner eee 16 61 15 49 Host 01 im Yo im Pixel Size mcm which opens the following ces Fig 10 e Principal point coordinates Xo Xpp pixel size in mm 2068 27 0 009 18 6144 mm Yo pixels number on Y axis Ypp 1 pixel size in mm 2054 26 0 009 18 4883 mm e Symmetry point with zero distortion coordinates are the same as principal points coordinates X 18 6144 mm Y 18 4883 mm 2009 16 AT July 25 2009 e Radial distortion in millimeters
20. left handed coordinate system to the right handed one or vice versa mark the option Swap X Y in opened dialogue WA Measuring GC points R09_586 ejs M am 1 20 M 5289 000 2149 000 6 611 73 080 need d ENE y x 6443649 86 X AY Z 134 13 Y 4970327 76 Ui Y 6444373 22 Z 129 63 Fig 23 GCP collecting on vector map After that vector objects set is opened in Map window You can use it to measure X Y GCP coordinates right in the same way as for raster map see the chapter 3 3 2 2 Measuring points on raster map 31 RACURS Co UI Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia PHOTOMOD 4 4 You can use existing DEM to collect Z coordinates of GCP Load it by pushing the button E load DEM When the DEM is loaded Z coordinate of cursor location is shown in the lower row of the window near X and Y coordinates of Place the cursor to the measured point in the Map window and push the button m map measure in Measuring GC points window The window Point from map opens where you can choose points type ground control or check edit its name and add a comment Then input or edit Z coordinate and edit coordinates weights if necessary After pushing OK points coordinates appear at the end of GCP list in the Measuring GC points window 3 4 Adding of tie points To perform phototriangulation you need to measure a set of tie points on overlapping images in add
21. list of PHOTOMOD AT data tables in the following way right mouse click on the icon in the right lower screen corner and then select the PHOTOMOD Explorer option in popup 11 RACURS Co Ul Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia PHOTOMOD 4 4 menu appeared See PHOTOMOD Overview User Manual for PHOTOMOD Explorer details There are the following names of database fields in PHOTOMOD system Cnn text field of nn length integer 4 bytes N float S short integer 2 bytes D date T time A auto increment 4 bytes integer is automatically increased by 1 whenever a record is added is always primary index Primary indexes are typed by bold Cameras table cameras db CODE_CAM ______ 1 Unique camera index O O CALIBR_DATE D Calibration date MEASURE_CODE Code of measurement units FOCUS Ns Focallength xO ________J N X coordinate of the principal point LYON Y coordinate of the principal point SYM_X______ N __ X coordinate of the point of symmetry Y coordinate of the point of symmetry D1 Coefficient of distortion if distortion is defined by the formula N Coefficient of distortion if distortion is defined by the formula N Coefficient of distortion if distortion is defined by the formula N Coefficient of distortion if distortion is defined by the formula N Coefficient of distortion if distortion is defined by the formula Dist
22. on all of the images Duplicated by Alt M hot keys E to move image center to the point position on all of the images Duplicated by Alt P hot keys add images opens the window for strips and images selecting to open them in the Point editor window Duplicated by Alt A hot keys 2009 60 AT July 25 2009 F Add images lel O x Selected images for addition 0 Cancel Fig 47 Adding images to the Point editor window You can add images to the Point editor window where the point is located but not measured using the Add images list Light green color indicates strips and images which may contain the point and you can add them by the button N Select images automatically To start the work select left and right images by pushing En or R buttons and edit the point using the button bar above the image This button bar is intended for the following operations L and Al left and right stereopair images selection to measure point using stereo comparator or correlator 11 a image zooming center marker put image center to marker position on the image Duplicated by M key center point put image center to point position on the image Duplicated by P key move point to marker position x delete measuring 4 correlate with left at first you should assign one of the images as a left using IE button above it Duplicated by Space key KT m a restore initi
23. on the needed point on each stereopair image Duplicated by Alt S hot keys restore initial measurement of point s coordinates on all images k a delete on all images deletes the point and its measurements on all images relative orientation and triplet check opens a window with correlation results and errors in triplets on the given point in image scale Fig 46 Upper panel of this window 59 RACURS Co Ul Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia PHOTOMOD 4 4 contains the list of stereopairs with selected point and vertical parallax values and also maximal and RMS residuals in it In the lower table there are measurements errors for the point in triplets yo Edit Point 27 ha 2 X 8 KART A LANMNAQATDAX rosy XR MAAaRMMs xX n rose XIL AR HARMMseX em Ross xX Relative Orientation and Triplet Check ET Y Parallax Stereopairs R10_S06 R10 507 Triplet Errors image scale LR AQAA Xn E ROS_S86 ROS_S85 Old 0 003 0 001 R10_505 R10_506 R10_507 Old 0 051 1 536 Fig 46 Relative orientation and triplet check Re settings opens drop down menu allowing to set up the color of marker points errors and correlator parameters as well tl show all images in 1 1 scale Duplicated by Alt 1 hot keys A zoom in images in all windows Duplicated by Alt hot keys al zoom out images in all windows Duplicated by Alt hot keys to move image center to the marker position
24. orientation Og 67 Analog camera men n rc 20 w Perfor orientation Digital cameral i Delete interior orientation for the image Interior orientation report Interior orientation export P Delete interior orientation for all images Fig 2 Interior orientation tab Actions panel contains the buttons allowing to perform the following Perform orientation Analog camera Perform orientation analog camera for the image selected in the list opens a window for manual measuring of fiducial marks see the chapter 3 2 3 Manual measuring of fiducial marks Perform orientation Digital camera 8 Perform orientation digital camera opens a window for interior orientation of the projects with digital camera see the chapter 3 2 5 Interior orientation using digital camera data Be Delete interior orientation for the image Delete interior orientation for the image deletes the results of the interior orientation for the image selected in the Images list on this tab see the chapter 3 2 Interior orientation 5i Interior orientation report Interior orientation report opens dialogue for text file name input where the results of images interior orientation will be saved Interior orientation export e Interior orientation export opens a window for selection a folder and target file name to save interior orientation results RACURS Co Ul Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 12
25. 33 3 4 2 Tie points MeasUrements cccccccecccnsesecccsanseccnseuesensasecssauecensaussensausesesauaesensauesensans 36 3 4 2 1 Tie points measurements tab 36 3 4 2 2 Tie points measurements WIndOW s ries 38 3 4 2 3 Measurements settings and types of tie points fixation ccccccccccceceecceceeeeeeeeeeeseeeeeeeees 39 3 4 2 4 Measuring of tie points On stereopalf cccesssssecccccecceceeccaaseseeeeecceeeceeeeeauauaessseseeseeeeeess 40 DA 2 41 VIC DOULS MCASUTING TOOS necessite 40 FALA 2 TTONSIE FIND OF CMS DOINUS o n EE ET ouiee dw eiie Races eae OH 41 SLD RAGING NEW POTUS AEE nine nine 42 3 4 2 4 4 Automatic adding Of new points 2er den MEE hi eh nat st 42 SD TD CHANING POINT IDC etude tension 45 3 4 2 5 Measuring of points in stereomode seen 46 34 251 Stereo mode WUN MONNE Market sentis eee iw Assesses 47 3 4 2 5 2 Stereocomparator mode fixed Marker ccccccccccccssseecccccceeecaeeeeeeecceeeaaaseeeeceseeeaaaaeseeeees 48 JA20 COn lator parane teisene a E E Si 3 4 3 Relative orientation and accuracy control 52 3 4 3 1 Accuracy control using vertical parallax residual 00 0 0 cccccsssssessesseeeeceeceeeeeeeeeaaeaeeeeeees 52 3 4 3 2 Accuracy control by adjacent models tying in triplets 54 3 4 4 Working with block scheme 55 3 4 5 Point editor WINOOW worservec tere sascxsnecnceancsstvaasitenatssegudansavsenesweeiegnndseeadsaxteceGeaseceioeniei 58
26. 9366 Moscow Russia PHOTOMOD 4 4 P Delete interior orientation for all images e T een on am Delete interior orientation for all images deletes the results of the interior orientation for all of the images in the Images list on this tab The Interior orientation page contains two lists Images and Cameras The Images list shows names of the images and strips The column Int or interior orientation indicates whether the image was oriented or not or shows the result of interior orientation The Cameras list shows the cameras used in the current project You could add cameras to the project from Cameras catalogue see also PHOTOMOD Montage Desktop User manual The buttons above the cameras list are used for the following Add camera opens a dialogue to select camera s database and allows then to select new camera in it After that camera name will be added to camera s list on Interior orientation tab e Delete camera allows to delete camera selected in the Cameras list on Interior orientation tab at that all fiducial marks measurements will be deleted Pr Camera information opens a window to display information about camera selected in the Cameras list on Interior orientation tab 3 2 3 Manual measuring of fiducial marks E Perform orientation i i Analog camera To measure fiducial marks and calculate orientation click the toe i icon on Interior orienta
27. 949259804 380529510552 189662615518 0H oi H g 5 5 a 5 5 5 5 5 5 Fig 56 Database table editing 2009 16
28. AT 2 4 6 image SPOT 1 4 4 6 FORMOSAT 2 4 6 SPOT 5 4 EROS A B 4 6 TERRA ASTER 4 6 KOMPSAT 2 4 6 GCPs per image their SPOT 1 4 4 6 number could be less if tie SPOT 5 4 points measured in triple or TERRA ASTER 4 6 quadruple overlap are used Check 1 2 not less than 5 for block 3 4 in double overlap area if 3 4 in quadruple overlap there is triple or quadruple overlap measure some points there QuickBird 1 4 GeoEye 1 1 4 OrbView 3 1 4 IKONOS 1 4 WorldView 1 1 4 KOMPSAT 2 4 5 Cartosat 1 IRS P5 4 5 ALOS PRISM 1 4 per KOMPSAT 2 4 5 image their number could Cartosat 1 IRS P5 4 5 be less if tie points ALOS PRISM 1 4 measured in quadruple overlap are used block e p ie Landsat 7 ETM Landsat 7 ETM IRS 1C 1D PAN IRS 1C 1D PAN IRS P6 Resourcesat 1 IRS P6 Resourcesat 1 ALOS AVNIR 2 7 10 ALOS AVNIR 2 7 10 minimum with which you can minimum with which you can start adjustment start adjustment a 2009 66 AT July 25 2009 Tie Not necessary to measure Not necessary to measure 4 2 Processing of single central projection images in PHOTOMOD AT For processing of single image in central projection you should just input control points and measure them The minimum number of control points is 3 3 GCPs or 2 GCPs and the projection center Then you also can perform interior orientation Then singl
29. Edit on all images or 1 Show Edit on all images in lower button bar of the Strip 2009 58 AT July 25 2009 ties window see the chapter 3 4 1 Interstrip ties or the Measuring tie points window see the chapter 3 4 2 2 Tie points measurements window You can also open the Edit point window showing selected point on block images from Block scheme window see the chapter 3 4 4 Working with block scheme After that Point editor window showing the point on all images appears herd Edit Point 27 has 2 9xX 88 1199 BE A RFHQAQABEAs t XK 0 Roose XL R1449 TA Xe n Rog sse XL Rasa HOAX um Rosse X i PA X in moss XL RUHAN BHBEA X om mose XIL PRHAA QNQBHBEA X o Ros x Fig 45 Editing the point on all images The window allows to change points location and re measure it on some image manually or automatically using the correlator Use the button bar above each image and common upper button menu for working in this window Upper menu of the window is common for all images and have the following functions iU exit from the window without changing measurement results a exit with results saving ES correlate all images with left one at first you should assign one of the images as a left using the L button above it is duplicated by Ctrl Space hot keys 4 open stereocomparator window see the chapter 3 4 2 6 2 Stereocomparator mode Before launching stereocomparator you should position the cursor
30. GCP necessary for space images processing in PHOTOMOD Note GCP coordinates are given in the coordinate system selected during project creation in PHOTOMOD Montage Desktop module see corresponding User Manual 3 3 1 1 GCP file format A GCP file consists of strings of the following structure Name X Y Z Weight X Weight Y Weight Z Comment where name the name of a point X Y Z ground coordinates of this point Weight X Weight Y Weight Z weight values of each coordinate The following symbols can be used CT AN as delimiters space tab or comma If some coordinates values are unavailable the symbol must be written instead of missing value If a point name contains space symbol the symbol must be used as a delimiter The example of GCP catalogue is shown below Ground control points txt 1244 811 84 724 39348 83 6283 30 815 10 750 39932 36 6180 48 831 81 440 39435 71 5996 73 436 39573 30 6270 77 810 32 748 39753 11 6650 94 117 39556 14 6886 47 822 08 1355 820 12 3 3 2 Measuring of ground control points After GCPs coordinates input you should recognize and measure ground control points on the images The Measuring GC points tab contains two lists Images showing the names of the images with their strips and GC points showing the contents of the GCP catalog The column of the GC points list shows whether a point has been already measured on some im
31. S El 4 11170211 Already done I 11170216 Already done 1 11170221 Already done h 11170226 Already done J 11170230 Already done 00E Already done 11170240 Already done nn Already done Fg 11170250 Already done El 3 11169952 Already done 11169946 Already done 11169941 Already done 11169936 Already done 11169931 Already done 11169926 Already done 444caqcn Alro adu dana Allow Changing Interior Orientation Allow Interior Orientation for Images With Another Camera x one Fig 12 The icons with blue coordinate axes in upper part of the window are used when it is necessary to change coordinate system for some selected images or strips Make selection using standard OS Windows tools left mouse button Shift Ctrl See the example of coordinate system change X and Y axes direction for group of selected images on Fig 13 Please note that in vast majority of cases it is not necessary to change the coordinate system for individual images 2009 18 AT July 25 2009 Image Selection for Interior Orientation O x da HAAA Digital Camera DS5_ digital Sec ee Ee SA 11169941 Already done 11169936 Already done 11169931 Already done 11169926 Already done 11169920 Already done 11169915 Already done 11169903 Already done Era 11169630
32. Shape format FE load XYZ points from file opens dialogue of coordinates file selection in TXT format and opens it as a table below the map window Point s coordinates could be loaded replacing opened coordinates or in addition to them after an appropriate warning save saves georeference file in MapInfo TAB format at that file name is the same as map file name but with TAB extension al 1 al al zoom management duplicated by hot keys usual for PHOTOMOD system Alt 1 Alt Enter fi 22 shows zoom scale in raster map window 27 RACURS Co Ul Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia PHOTOMOD 4 4 w map displaying in grayscale or color mode Tk For more convenient work the map could be rotated in the following ways without rotation amp l turn at 90 degrees LE turn at 180 degrees and Ti turn at 270 degrees At that raster file is not changed and the rotation is executed on the fly clear deletes all points list cleanup B add point measures new point coordinates on the map and adds them to the end of list At that marker pixel coordinates are assigned to point and O value is assigned to geodetic coordinates you can enter them manually in appropriate cell delete point deletes the point selected in list duplicated by hot keys Ctrl Del a re measure replaces pixel coordinates of selected point At that current pixel coordi
33. age If a point has been measured the column displays the corresponding image name Actions panel contains the buttons allowing to perform the following SS GC Points Catalog GC points catalog opens a window to input GCP coordinates see the chapter 3 3 1 Entering ground control points coordinates 23 RACURS Co UI Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia PHOTOMOD 4 4 Projection centers e m Projection centers opens a window to input images projection centers coordinates as ground control points El Measure Point Measure point opens the window Measuring GC points with the image selected in the Images list to measure ground control points there Delete GC points measurements and ee Delete GC points measurements and catalog deletes GC measurements see the chapter 3 3 1 Entering ground control points coordinates 4 PHOTOMOD AT Airborne survey oO x Steps Exit Help 0 Project Properties 1 Interior Orientation 2 Measuring GC Paints 3 Strip Ties 4 Tie Points Measurements Measuring GC Points Measured O of 75 points S 6c Poi GE oints Catalog 1707 1699 1707 1699 Projection centers 1707 1644 1707 1699 1707 1699 x 1707 1699 Ek Measure Point l i sc 70 1707 1699 1707 1699 Delete GC points measurements and OS catalog 1684 1694 1684 1694 1664 1694 16094 1694 1604 1694 1664 1694 1664 1694 1664 1694 1664 1694 Fig 18 Meas
34. ailable when at least one point has been measured on a stereo pair To move the marker use the arrow keys of the keyboard To position the marker to a measured point use double click in the neighbor area of the point in any of the stereo pair images The markers in both stereo pair images will be strictly positioned at the measured point To center an image relatively to the marker position in a main raster window or in a lens click the corresponding MI Marker button When the Shift key is pressed the image in a lens window is centered automatically To scroll a raster image in a window use the scroll bars at the frame of the window To show the scroll bars in a lens window click the corresponding El Scroll button To move the image in the window in panning mode use mouse along with pressed Alt key The current marker coordinates are displayed near the main raster window The coordinates are displayed in real geodetic coordinate system in selected units and in the image coordinate system in pixels below Pressing the Ctrl L Ctri R keys allows to position the lens window approximately in the left right window relatively to the marker position in the right left window 2009 62 AT July 25 2009 3 5 2 Adjusting brightness and contrast When working with a raster image you can adjust its radiometry and change the marker parameters To adjust an image radiometry select the Brightness Contras
35. al position X close image button is located in upper right corner of the image and allows to close the image if there are no measured points 61 RACURS Co UI Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia PHOTOMOD 4 4 3 5 Working with raster images 3 5 1 Image view windows User works with raster images during the following processing steps Interior orientation Measuring of GC points Interstrip ties Tie points measurements When processing a single raster image there are the main raster window and the lens window on the screen When processing a stereo pair two main raster windows and two lens windows are displayed To change a window size drag a window frames by the mouse To zoom in out an image use the or F keys of the keyboard or the slider located near the image To position the marker to some image point click it by the mouse When two markers are positioned simultaneously in both images of a stereo pair the approximate marker stereo positioning is achieved by mouse double click on one of the images In this case the marker is positioned precisely on the point of the image that has been clicked On the other image the marker is automatically positioned on the neighbor area of the point that is the matching point for the one clicked in the first image This function is suitable for measuring tie points using the correlator Note The approximate marker stereo positioning becomes av
36. alue greater than 0 4 or the point is in a poor texture area To transfer the selected point without correlation manually place the marker at another image as precisely as possible and click the iai icon or use the Points Transfer With correlator menu command When one point has been already transferred or measured see below the boundaries of the overlap area are shown on both images When 5 points have been transferred or measured the rest of points can be transferred automatically using the Points Transfer Automatically menu command The icon a Move to marker position is used for moving point to marker position on two current images You can set point position on one image and press Shift spacebar to define its position on the second image automatically by the correlator Moving point to 41 RACURS Co UI Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia PHOTOMOD 4 4 marker position function is basically used for Semi fixed and None points fixation modes see the chapter 3 4 2 4 Measurements settings and types of tie points fixation 3 4 2 4 3 Adding new points Measuring of new tie and targeted points is performed in one of three ways using the Points Add pull down menu commands duplicated by the following icons at the lower left part of the window Add with correlation icon or the Points Add With correlator command or the Space key Add without correlation icon or the Po
37. and Search region size using corresponding sliders As a result the system creates templates for each manually measured fiducial mark The size of template is defined by Mark region size Automatic orientation process searches fiducial marks using these templates on all images inside of selected Search regions Search region size should be big enough to cover fiducial mark area especially in cases of cutting or scanning film differently when corresponding fiducial marks are located at different distances from the image edge Mark region must include the mark completely see Fig 5 Search region and Mask region are displayed by rectangles in the lens window and in the main view window as well Automatic orientation F4 Mark region size El B Search region size Fig 5 Automatic interior orientation parameters When process parameters are selected click an icon Perform automatic orientation Bi and get Automatic interior orientation window open Fig 6 11 RACURS Co UI Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia PHOTOMOD 4 4 Automatic interior orientation x Images in the project A g Original MF Calculate interior orientation Transtormation type Helmert ff Affine Projective Max interior orientation error 0 015 A Search previously found marks Correlation coefficient 0 900 A x Cancel F
38. asily define the opposite strip orientations by special red mark with camera parameters printed in k Or by taking a look of corresponding fiducial marks the 1 fiducial mark is located at the lower right corner on the upper strip of images and at the upper left corner on the lower strip of images Note Image rotation see PHOTOMOD Montage Desktop User Manual makes no influence on the strip orientation 3 2 5 Interior orientation using digital camera data When processing data acquired by digital camera you should input its parameters and remember that all of them principal point coordinates distortion coefficients focal length should be input in the same units either pixels or millimeters There is an appropriate panel in Cameras editor window see PHOTOMOD Montage Desktop User Manual where you can choose proper units In most cases all parameters of calibrated digital cameras included into camera passport are in the same units Otherwise you should recalculate them For instance if pixel size of camera matrix is known you can convert camera focal length from millimeters into pixels 13 RACURS Co UI Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia PHOTOMOD 4 4 Interior orientation of the image acquired by the digital camera means measuring of principal point location regarding to left lower pixel of the image Its coordinates in Camera editor are input as follows X Shift from lower left pixel
39. ation value if the point has been measured using correlation e residual vertical parallax after relative orientation has been calculated 367 0005 35 Tie 0961 0004 The list can be sorted according to values in any of its columns by clicking the column header After any change in the list correlation adding a point the sorting must be repeated since there is no automatic re sorting 3 4 2 4 4 Automatic adding of new points If there is no need to select points on well distinctive details you can measure tie points using automatic measurement procedure For this purpose select the command Points Add Automatically it becomes active when at least 5 points have been measured on the 2009 42 AT July 25 2009 stereo pair to open the window of points search parameters In this case the program measures specified number of points in the Points quantity field in parameters window located either in the special zones the size and position of which you can adjust or distributed in the entire overlap area Searching process is executed using correlation algorithm and you can adjust it by changing the option Correlation threshold the minimal acceptable value of correlation coefficient for tie point to be included to processing ii Measuring tie points R0O9_S86 R09_S85 laj x Stereopairs Points Orientation Options S A k y ae Nos a a Lis KS a y Automatic points s
40. been measured on the previous steps on one of the stereo pair images it is recommended to start measurements with these points To transfer these points to the other image of the stereo pair use either the icons a Transfer with correlation or a Transfer without correlation You can also use the Transfer With correlator or Transfer Without correlator menu commands from the Points pull down menu with the same effect To transfer a point with correlation select it by clicking the corresponding line in the list of points or by double clicking the point in the raster image The marker is positioned precisely at the image on which the point has been measured On the other image the marker is positioned approximately in the neighbor area of the measured point for the first transferred point the approximation may be not very precise After selecting a point click the a Icon or use the Points Transfer With correlator menu command to transfer the selected point The position of the point at another image will be adjusted using correlation The displayed correlation value represents the reliability of the matching made by the correlation procedure Note Measuring GCP in stereo mode is possible after the relative orientation has been made for the given stereo pair Note You may see the message Bad point when transferring a point with correlation which means that the program failed to find matching point with sufficient correlation v
41. block images the chapter 3 3 2 Measuring of ground control points 3 3 1 Entering ground control points coordinates ag Click the icon E GCP catalog to open a window for input GCP coordinates To add a new point to the list click the icon For each point enter a point name Name field its X Y Z coordinates X Y Z fields and optionally weight values for each coordinate Weight X Weight Y Weight Z fields The Type field is used to set the type for a point Control default type or Check Control points are used for the block adjustment and check points are used to check the adjustment accuracy See also PHOTOMOD Solver User Manual Control points may be represented by XY and Z coordinates If some point has no plain X Y or height Z coordinates leave the appropriate field blank At that after export to text file these blank fields will be substituted by symbol see the chapter 3 3 1 1 GCP file format When GCP coordinate values are added you can select the value you need by single mouse click and edit it 2009 20 AT July 25 2009 WGC Points Catalog O x Gr control ford26 420 192897 720 3 370 Gr control robo 7 812 189568 58 09 400 Gr control oo r rU Check raga 4 070 188097 497 ei Gr control F35402 864 188344 307 Gr control P4846 762 231131 168 Gr control 746855 855 231150 194 Gr control 31073 938 186601 147 Gr control 31 990 841 164879 543 Fig 15 GCP
42. button v calculate vertical parallax after that the parallax value is shown in the appropriate cell of the list To search the point in the list enter its name or number in the Point search field and after that the marker moves into this point both in the image and lens windows and its record is highlighted in the points list 3 4 2 Tie points measurements 3 4 2 1 Tie points measurements tab To start the procedure of points tie targeted and ground control measurements click the Tie points measurements tab of the PHOTOMOD AT window Fig 28 The tab contains the list of the block strips and the list of the current strip stereo pairs with the or sign in the column with heading indicates whether measurements have been made on the given stereo pair 2009 36 AT July 25 2009 WA PHOTOMOD AT Budapest_ortho_new z Oj x Steps Exit Help D Project Properties 1 Interior Orientation 2 Measuring GC Points 3 Strip Ties 4 Tie Points Measurements Tie Points Measurements ty Perform orientation 2906 2525 a ec24068 2503 2451 Ec2407 2456 2478 zc2405 Show scheme 2453 2431 ac2409 ec2 410 2553 2531 ac2d1 din JC Recompute relative orientation 2996 2570 sc2412m 2603 2581 ac2d4 din 2506 2327 ac2415 Delete tie measurements eaea sc2416 _ sc2417 ec2416 ec2419 rat Delete all points measurements ae sc2421 5c2422 et Delete unused points from catalogue 202423 scad ad ee
43. coordinates both affine and projective transformations may be applied to transform the point coordinates from the digital image coordinate system to the film coordinate system and correct the systematic errors The affine transformation is more suitable for aerial photo processing while the projective transformation for processing of terrestrial close range photos on the glass plates An affine transformation is described by the following equation X amp a1 Xc t a2 Vo y Do D Xc D2 Yo where aj bi the parameters of the transformation A projective transformation is described by the following equation AiX A2Yc A3 C1Xe Coy 1 BX Boy B3 a C1Xe Coy 1 where B Ci the parameters of the transformation Please remember that you need to measure at least 3 fiducial marks to find affine transformation parameters and at least 4 fiducial marks to find projective transformation parameters If less than 3 fiducial marks have been measured others are not visible the simple Helmert transformation is used 2009 6 AT July 25 2009 3 2 2 Interior orientation tab Select the Interior orientation tab of the PHOTOMOD AT window to execute the interior orientation procedure WA PHOTOMOD AT InfoMap _for_AT 2 oO x Steps Help Exit 0 Project Properties 1 Interior Orientation 2 Measuring GC Paints 3 Strip Ties 4 Tie Points Measurements Interior Orientation Perform
44. coordinates input Besides entering coordinate values from keyboard you can import them from a text file see the chapter 3 3 1 1 GCP file format The icons of upper panel of GCP catalog window are used for the following operations w settings for points ground control and tie numbering opens a window used to setup a rule of numeration of GC and tie points that will be added to project The number input will be added to the beginning of point name import GCP list from txt file e export GCP list to txt file create report opens a window containing results of GCP coordinates input and used for editing printing or saving the catalog to text file s x Swap X and Y values H clear GCP catalog allows to delete all points from catalog e H exit m first record previous record e next record e m last record add point e ___ delete record e v confirm point adding x cancel edit If you have GCP catalog in text file you can import it Click the icon Import and select the file with GCP catalog in the dialog box File format is described in the chapter 3 3 1 1 GCP file format If the GCP file is opened successfully the window with the list of GCP appears 21 RACURS Co UI Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia PHOTOMOD 4 4 Tota records 2054 Search Selected X Fat or 00 2 Ai 1001 rarg2b 42 192897 72 oa ar E
45. d description are displayed Project type may be either Central projection or Scanner survey see the chapter 4 Project types Besides there are some information on the project creation number of strips images and ground control points in it The More button opens a window Project properties containing more details about the project see description of the window in PHOTOMOD Montage Desktop User Manual 3 2 Interior orientation The interior orientation procedure is used to find the position and the orientation of the film coordinate system relatively to the coordinate system of the digital image Besides during interior orientation the parameters describing a systematic film distortion can be found The parameters defined in the process of interior orientation are used to transform measured image point coordinates from the digital image coordinate system to the film coordinate system 3 2 1 Coordinates transformation Five types of transformation from the digital image coordinate system to the film coordinate system are implemented in the PHOTOMOD AT module Which one is to be applied depends on the Fiducial marks data option selected when the camera data were entered see the chapter Catalog of cameras of PHOTOMOD Montage Desktop User Manual If only principal point coordinates were measured during interior orientation Principal point option in camera description the transformation is described by the following equation
46. d in two ways on images stereopair using the residual vertical parallaxes measured while images relative orientation see the chapter 3 4 4 1 Accuracy control using vertical parallax residual at two adjacent models merging calculating the discrepancies in tie points coordinates while tying of two adjacent models see the chapter 3 4 4 2 Accuracy control by adjacent models tying 3 4 3 1 Accuracy control using vertical parallax residual To calculate the relative orientation select the Orientation Calculate menu option or push the ve button in the Measuring tie points window on the appropriate tab of PHOTOMOD AT module Once the relative orientation procedure has been completed the Status window appears 2009 52 AT July 25 2009 Paints On left image ae Common 46 On night image gr Relative onentation parameters Lett image Right image alpha 1 204 alpha 0 893 kappa 10 500 kappa O31 omega 3 369 Errors vertical parallas residual mm Max 0 0219 RMS 0 0050 Fig 39 Relative orientation parameters The Status window shows the number of points on each image of the stereo pair and the number of points common for two images the relative orientation angles RMS and Max error of vertical parallax residuals in mm When 5 or more points have been measured you can use automatic calculations mode by selecting the Automatic calculations item from the Options menu In this mode
47. des you can open the Block scheme from the Measuring tie points tab while processing the project of scanner monoblock type see the chapter 4 2 Processing of scanner monoblock in PHOTOMOD AT The Block Scheme dialog box appears Block Scheme x Overlap 0 Save amp Delete X Cancel Fig 42 Block scheme parameters The Overlap by points option means that for stereo pairs which have the relative orientation procedure done the overlap value is determined using tie points If this option is off or for some stereo pairs without relative orientation the side overlap is equal to the value you can set by shifting the Overlap slider After pushing the Show button the Block scheme window opens Fig 43 55 RACURS Co UI Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia PHOTOMOD 4 4 Block scheme 181 x File view Block Help Sn HiBWAAQiAsolesm M Follow Zf Points Images Strips ee x X RR oe x x x za Selected 1 of 211 Label All P X X x Selected C None x XX C ns EEE x x Ground control pcp5 Fig 43 Block scheme window The Block scheme window contains e the plot of the scheme in the right part of the window e the panel with tabs Points Images and Strips in the left part of the window showing the list of all measured points and images in the upper part of the panel and the list of the points and images currently selected in th
48. dialog 3 4 2 5 Measuring of points in stereomode Sometimes it is convenient to measure GCPs check or tie points in the stereo mode for example when points are located on outstanding objects such as edges of roofs columns etc or on the elements which are visible just on one image in the mono mode like on the bottom of inner corner of the building Once relative orientation is done it becomes possible to use the stereo mode to measure points Stereo measuring is made in the Stereo lens window opened by clicking the button wA working in stereomode with moving stereomarker or the buttons 244 working in stereocomparator mode with moving images and unmoving fixed marker See the description of both stereomodes in the chapters 3 4 2 6 1 Stereomode with moving marker and 3 4 2 6 2 Stereocomparator mode Note that stereocomparator mode is available for measuring points in overlapping areas between adjacent images of the strip as well as in overlapping areas between strips After measuring a point in the stereo mode recalculate the relative orientation by pushing the button J if the Automatic calculations option is set on the relative orientation is recalculated automatically When measuring a point on the first of stereo pairs where it is imaged point fixation type is Fixed you can move this point on any of two images Afterwards when measuring this point on other stereo pairs the point position is fixed on images belo
49. e images of central projection are adjusted in PHOTOMOD Solver see the appropriate User Manual Afterwards you can orthorectify processed central projection image in PHOTOMOD Mosaic module using DEM if available see PHOTOMOD Mosaic and PHOTOMOD Montage Desktop User Manuals 4 3 Processing of scanner monoblock in PHOTOMOD AT Scanner block containing single image or several images without stereo overlap is processed in PHOTOMOD system in projects of Scanner survey Monoblock type This type of projects is processed in PHOTOMOD AT for GCP coordinates input and measuring them on images on Measuring GC points tab see the chapter 3 3 Ground control points input Tie points between strips and images in scanner monoblock are measured on the next step on the Measuring tie points tab shown below WA PHOTOMOD AT Pushbroom Monoblock OI x Steps Help Exit 0 Project Properties 1 Measuring GC points 2 Measuring tie points Measuring tie points Measure points Show scheme es Delete tie measurements po_4317 rgb 000001 po 4318 rgb Oooo ah Delete all points measurements ee Delete unused points from catalogue Fig 51 Measuring tie points tab for scanner monoblock 67 RACURS Co Ul Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia PHOTOMOD 4 4 This page contains two lists of images Strip 1 and Strip 2 Strip names are shown above the top left corner of each lis
50. e lower part The panel contains three tabs Points Images and Strips Each of them shows in upper window the list of points images and strips respectively At that in lower window there is the data about selected images points and strips The objects selected are highlighted by blue color To select images click the Images tab and select the images you want in the list of images The names of the selected images are listed in the lower part of the panel together with the numbers of points measured on them Boundaries of the selected images are shown in blue color on the plot and the points measured on the selected images are marked by small white circles and labeled by their names You can also select images directly in the scheme For this push the button o Images selection mode at the upper button bar and click the image boundary Using radio buttons in the Label panel you can show on the scheme names of e all images All button e selected images Selected button e no names None button Using radio buttons in the Select points panel you can choose on the selected images e all measured points All button e all tie points common for all selected images Tie button 2009 56 AT July 25 2009 e no points None button You can select points and strips from the list on the Points and Strips tabs respectively in the same way as selecting images You can also select points directly in the scheme For this
51. earch Points quantity Correlation threshold Jv Distribute points in zones Parameters Cancel TT ei ER 3 Et Tie point measurement parameters Correlating points Zones Correlator Zone size 60 A lv 5_____lv 6 6229 000 M1 M 2 Cancel Gr control 2 Te os von z xs Fig 31 Adjusting of automatic points measurement If the option Distribute points in zones is off points are measured on the entire stereopair area uniformly If the option Distribute points in zones is on points are measured in zones located in images overlap area Push the Parameters button and adjust parameters of automatic points search in the opened window which includes three tabs To adjust zones of points search use the Zones tab Select zones size in the appropriate field you can also input the size in the window opened by the menu command Options Zone size The Zones tab also contains a scheme of zones from 1 to 6 where you can select any number of zones checking them on the scheme In the same window on the Correlating points tab see Fig 32 you can adjust the following parameters used also for automatic search and measurement of tie points in PHOTOMOD AAT module see the appropriate User Manual 43 RACURS Co UI Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia PHOTOMOD 4 4 Tie point measurement parameters x Correlating points Zones Correlator Enlarge search area
52. ed in the points list To continue measuring points on other images of the block use the following buttons e move to the next previous image of the strip select any image of the block a To view an image under control point there is an option Options Sa Show points If this option is off control points are not displayed Another way to obtain ground control points coordinates is to use scanned and georeferenced map which was created for the same territory as space or airborne imagery More details about raster map georeferencing see in chapter 3 3 2 1 Raster map georeference and about point s coordinates measurements on the map see the chapter 3 3 2 2 Measuring points on raster map 3 3 2 1 Raster map georeference For ground control points coordinates acquisition is helpful to use scanned and georeferenced topographic map on the same terrain where aerial and space images were acquired Scanned map in TIFF BMP JPG formats could be georeferenced using ground control points coordinates in PHOTOMOD Montage Desktop module see an appropriate manual or in raster map window opened in the following way Push the button map georeference in the window Measuring ground control points which is available to open on tab 2 see the chapter 3 3 2 Measuring of ground control points Then the window for raster map loading appears where you can georeference the map using known GCP coordinates 2009 26 AT
53. eg 28 201 20 04 2004 09 28 48 ini images db 18 890 12 04 2004 12 53 57 table geodez mes 474 066 20 04 2004 09 26 52 ini geodez db 286 470 21 04 2004 11 15 55 table fiducial dE 9910 29 03 2004 14 03 21 table distcam db 6130 29 03 2004 14 02 21 table coordcanm db 6162 29 03 2004 14 03 20 table cameras db F003 29 03 2004 14 03 20 table fy projec projec projec projec projec projec projec projec projec projec projec projec projec projec Local foLocal Local Local Local Local Local Local foLocal Local Local Local Local Local Storage qwerty querty qwerty qwerty querty qguerty qwerty qwerty qwerty qwerty qwerty qwerty qurerty qwerty Fig 55 AT data list in PHOTOMOD Explorer Double click the database table db resource to open it for editing Then select some field value by single click and enter a new value 19 RACURS Co Ul Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia PHOTOMOD 4 4 HT TEE 24503901 m 6902984 1120080785 383321604071 206807 45987 2793609 1 1404565902 331161 408385 143994966482 12760435 1 1078716089 7770811148 9939326000 7375651 1 9546373067 198901618211 03333837144 13290834 1674 F094559 149729271188 141079452594 17194695 1 6059671355 134099596425 29672092575 29506259 1 6296090818 167049267299 1156467 79E 5 10461676 160903700445 60704560349 5 7202772264 12768060 1 6
54. elete unused points from catalogue Fig 26 Strip ties tab This page contains two lists of images Strip 1 and Strip 2 Strip names are shown above the top left corner of each list Note To view already measured tie points on the graphical scheme of the block click the JL button see the chapter 3 4 4 Working with block scheme To select strip or image click it by the mouse Actions panel contains the buttons allowing to perform the following Measure points Measure points opens a window Fig 27 to measure interstrip tie points on two images see the description below Show scheme Show scheme opens a window showing the block layout and the position of the measured points see the chapter 3 4 4 Working with block scheme A Delete tie measurements A causant O Delete tie measurements see the chapter 3 4 2 2 Working in Tie points measurements window nae Delete all points measurements e Delete all points measurements ground control and tie See the chapters 3 3 Ground control points input and 3 4 Adding of tie points Delete unused points trom catalogue Delete unused points from catalogue used to delete from GCP catalogue points imported from large area projects and located out of current block and thus excluded from further measurements 2009 34 AT July 25 2009 TO measure inter strip tie points select two images of adjacent strips by selecting the appropriate strips
55. escription in the appropriate User Manual 2009 68 AT July 25 2009 Refer to Space Imagery Processing User Manual for detailed description of the whole procedure of space images processing in PHOTOMOD system 4 4 Processing of scanner stereoblock in PHOTOMOD AT Scanner images with stereo overlap are supposed to be orthorectified and used for orthomosaic creation in PHOTOMOD Mosaic module see appropriate User Manual using DEM and ground control points GCP It is recommended to measure recognize tie points in overlapping areas of stereoblock images that could improve block adjustment results Scanner stereo blocks stereopairs and stereopair blocks are processed in PHOTOMOD system as follows 1 Create project in PHOTOMOD Montage Desktop The project type should be Scanner survey Stereoblock 2 Add images Block forming stage in PHOTOMOD Montage Desktop 3 Switch to Aerial triangulation stage and start PHOTOMOD AT module 4 Enter coordinates of ground control points Measuring GC points tab see the chapter 4 4 1 GCP input and measurement 5 Measure ground control points on the images Measuring GC points tab see the chapter 4 4 1 GCP input and measurement 6 Make relative orientation Measuring tie points tab see the chapter 4 4 2 Measuring points in stereo mode 7 Go back to PHOTOMOD Montage Desktop and start further processing in other PHOTOMOD modules Solver DTM StereoDraw etc Note See
56. f projection centers should be equal to the names of corresponding images W Projection centers lo x b444000 514 905 156 Rog S36 Ro s5 E 506 moso moso 4970249 820 4970633 090 49370604 030 439701 93 364 4969702 373 6443994 961 6443971 368 6443435 310 6443440136 6443446198 908 361 312 916 929 068 925 497 921 427 Fig 17 Projection centers catalogue Tools for projection centers input editing and import are the same as for GCP catalogue You can use projection centers coordinates for relative orientation of images block by pushing the button Make block scheme using projection centers then in the window opened input average height of terrain and push OK The block scheme created is 2009 22 AT July 25 2009 Show scheme shown after pushing the button CS Show scheme on Strip ties and Tie points measurements tabs see the chapter 3 4 4 Working with block scheme Block scheme created is also considered at automatic search and measurement of tie points in PHOTOMOD AAT module see corresponding User Manual Note For airborne images block adjustment minimum acceptable number of ground control points is 3 Every point should be measured on at least 2 images on stages of strip ties and images tie points measurements see the chapters 3 4 1 Interstrip ties u 3 4 2 Tie points measurements About number of GCP for scanner images blocks adjustment see the chapter 4 1 Number of
57. g on images pair Z Transfer in stereocomparator for current tie point transferring to adjacent image 35 RACURS Co Ul Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia PHOTOMOD 4 4 See the chapter 3 4 2 6 2 Stereocomparator mode You can also measure tie points between strips automatically using correlator by selecting menu command Points Add Automatically In the window opened you should indicate the number of interstrip points and correlation threshold which is used for points search 95 by default Advanced users can also change searching and correlation parameters setup by default in the window opened by pushing the Parameters button See parameters description in the chapter 3 4 2 7 Correlator parameters Note Unlike tie points measurements between images described in the chapter 3 4 2 while measuring inter strip ties you do not calculate relative orientation parameters and vertical parallax errors and in the list of the measured points the upper and the lower images are referred to as U and D respectively You can also view add or and edit measured point on all images where it is located pushing accordingly the button 224 or in lower button bar After that you will get the Point Editor window opened which contains the images where this point has been measured see the chapter 3 4 5 Point editor window After adding of tie point to the list you may calculate vertical parallax on it by pushing the
58. h images it can t be moved at all See also the chapter 3 4 2 4 Measurements settings and types of tie points fixation To measure the point in the stereo mode position the stereo marker on the point of relief moving it by arrow keys along X Y coordinates and by lt PageUp gt and lt PageDown gt keys or the H o buttons along Z coordinate To define the color of the stereo marker click the N button and in the pull down menu select the Marker parameters item You can also use the correlation procedure for automatic positioning the point in the right image relatively of its position in the left image If the point is fixed in the right image and it is free in the left image then the point is positioned in the left image relatively of its position in the right image When the point measuring is completed push the B button to save the measurement and close the stereo lens window or the button AL i to exit from stereo lens without saving the changes Note This mode of stereo measurements becomes available after the relative orientation is done at least one time 3 4 2 5 2 Stereocomparator mode fixed marker Unlike the stereomode with moving marker see the chapter 3 4 2 6 1 Stereomode with moving marker the stereocomparator mode allows you to move images while the marker is static and located at the middle of the measuring window The main advantage of this kind of stereo measurements is that you can position the marker
59. hown in brackets above the profile window e show hide profile window rightward from the image Profile window allows to position a marker on the image with high precision You can locate marker horizontally turn on horizontal profile or vertically turn on vertical fil Done to exit from interior orientation procedure The icons in the lower part of the window are used to perform the following operations e Measure to fix the marker position as the measurement of the current fiducial mark Delete to delete the measurement of the current fiducial mark a Move to fix the current marker position as the new measurement of the current fiducial mark Jal ees Perform interior orientation to calculate the parameters of the transformation from film coordinate system to the digital image coordinate system m Scanning resolution to specify scanning resolution of the image It is used if the camera interior orientation parameters were entered as a principal point position see Status opens a window to show the image scanning resolution At the lower right corner of the window there is a panel Automatic orientation used to perform the interior orientation automatically see the chapter 3 2 4 Automatic interior orientation The procedure of fiducial marks measurements and interior orientation calculation During interior orientation the table with the X Y coordinates of the fiduc
60. hreshold identified in Size threshold for corrections field after using auto resizing procedure on previous step It should be noticed that if Geometric corrections option is on it would result in some slowing down of algorithm work The parameters mentioned above are adjusted in the Correlator parameters window opened by menu command Options Correlator Parameters 51 RACURS Co Ul Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia PHOTOMOD 4 4 Correlator parameters x Correlation y A matrix halfsize Y fio A MW Auto resizing Geometric corrections Size threshold For corrections fio t Set default Cancel Fig 38 Correlator parameters In this window you can set the size in pixels of correlation matrix in X and Y directions using numeric fields in the Correlation matrix half size panel set on off the Auto resizing check box this option is useful in case of poor contrast images set on off the Geometric corrections option by marking the appropriate check box and specify the Size threshold for corrections parameter that defines the minimal correlation matrix size at which the geometric correction is applied This option is useful for measuring points located at steep slopes set up the above listed parameters to default ones by pushing the appropriate button 3 4 3 Relative orientation and accuracy control The accuracy control of measured points in PHOTOMOD AT module is provide
61. ial marks are shown at the lower part of the window Fig 3 The or sign in the third column of the table shows whether the given fiducial mark has been already measured or not At the last two columns of the table the residual errors Ex Ey of fiducial marks coordinates are displayed These residuals are calculated using the transformation from the image coordinate system to 9 RACURS Co Ul Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia PHOTOMOD 4 4 the film coordinate system found as a result of interior orientation Ex Ey are calculated and shown only for cameras with known fiducial marks coordinates To measure a fiducial mark select it in the table and position the marker exactly at the measured mark in the Lens window see the chapter 3 5 Working with raster images for details To apply the measurement click the T icon or press the key on the NumPad Once first two or more fiducial marks have been measured the marker is automatically positioned approximately at the 3 d and subsequent fiducial marks when they are selected in the table After that you can use Ctrl F hot keys or the button Find mark in upper window menu to place marker into closest fiducial mark position To get fiducial marks measured click the J button to calculate the transformation The Transformation type dialog box appears where you can select one of the following transformation types e Helmert e Affine e Project
62. ig 6 Automatic interior orientation window Left part of window contains a list of project images Use check boxes at the left side of the image name to select an image to make the interior orientation for icons at the top of window are used to select all select all images in the list which supposed to pass interior orientation automatically using as a sample fiducial marks measured manually select unprocessed select images that are not processed yet amp unselect cancels images selection in the list An image that was oriented manually is a reference image and is marked in the list as Original in the Comment column Marks column displays number of found marks and total number of marks measured on the Original image delimited by slash An option Search previously found marks is used to search all marks including already found ones every time you start the process The system is looking for fiducial marks using a correlation process which compares a mark image with a template The correlation coefficient threshold is set in a Correlation coefficient text field 0 9 by default Use Max interior orientation error parameter to set maximum acceptable error calculated on a mark to consider it as found See the description of transformation types and errors right part of window in the chapter 3 2 3 Manual measuring of fiducial marks After selecting process parameters push OK button to start interi
63. in X axis Y Shift from lower left pixel in Y axis The shifts should be calculated according to camera passport data Symmetry point coordinates used to consider distortion are also input as shift from left lower pixel in X and Y axis Note When importing exterior orientation parameters make sure that the camera X axis direction set in the PHOTOMOD project coincides with the flight direction The example below shows digital camera DSS parameters input and further image interior orientation workflow DSS Camera passport Table 1 Camera Calibrated Parameters 55 2205 Pixel Non squareness Xpp pixels 2068 27 YPP pixels 2036 74 Oo o 02679 XPP mm tt 0 2679 0 0833 Xpp and ypp are measured from image upper left corner image size 4077x4092 see Fig 8 xpp and yPP are measured from image center pixel size 9 microns see Fig 8 Table 2 Radial Lens Distortion Table Radial Distance mm Radial Distortion Pixel Radial Distortion microns 2 Cee 0 1 4 0 Le 1 46 6 moi 4 92 8 AL 29 mecs 10 202 22 40 12 4 44 94 04 14 On 02 Od go 16 Oe oe ey 18 Ne lo AZ I eo 20 Low Oe 0 2 Zee 140 Le 27 2 4 02 SA TAAR 26 0 22 20 04 2009 14 AT July 25 2009 Zeid pe MEEF Cri he wis Remarks X and Y Image Coordinate Frame Right Handed System X and Y Pixel Monitor Coordinate Frame Left Handed System Fig 8 Principal Point Offsets in a DSS Digital Image Note In
64. ints Add Without correlator command or Ctrl A hot keys e Points Add Automatically menu command see the chapter 3 4 2 5 4 Automatic adding of new points Measuring points using the first two ways is applicable if you want to place those points on well distinctive features of an image To measure a point using correlation pose the marker in the left image precisely on the point you want to measure see the chapter 3 5 Working with raster images for details about point selection in raster images and click the icon or select the Points Add With correlator command from the pull down menu After successful measurement the point appears in the list of measured points You can change the point properties by clicking the icon or selecting the Points Properties menu item When measuring points without correlation you need to position markers on both images exactly on the same image terrain feature and click the icon or select the command Points Add Without correlator from the pull down menu Once the point has been measured its name ordinal number by default appears in the list of points in the lower left corner of the window This list contains the following information about points e point number e point type Tie or Gr control e symbol or in the L and R column that indicates whether the point has been measured on the left or the right image correspondingly e correl
65. ith point number in left column To edit coordinate value in table cell you should select the cell and press F2 To end editing and save coordinate press Enter to exit from editing without coordinate save press Esc When georeference is completed push the button S save to save georeference file in Maplnfo format 3 3 2 2 Measuring points on raster map Ground control points coordinates could be obtained from scanned and georeferenced raster map More details about raster map georeference see in the chapter 3 3 2 1 Raster map georeference The button open map opens georeferenced raster map file in TIFF JPEG BMP IMG PNG NTF GIF PIX JP2 DEM format and also georeference data file in Maplnfo TAB 2009 28 AT July 25 2009 format with the same name as map file Then this map is used for additional points recognizing and adding their coordinates to the list of measured points in georeference file located under image in the Measuring ground control points window To add new point with its coordinates place marker on this point in raster map window and push the button Fa map measure then dialogue with point s features appears Point from map x 1nooo i Gr control Check Comment new _ point Coordinates weights a e443649 862 1 00 Y 4970327 759 1 00 Z 134 225 1 00 cos Fig 21 Window for adding points from map The window Point from map opens where you can ch
66. ition to control points Tie points are used to create models from pairs of adjacent images and to create from these models the model of the whole strip or block in the block adjustment procedure If the block adjustment purpose is only calculating the image exterior orientation parameters it is not necessary to select tie points on well distinctive details of a surface because tie points on overlapping images are measured either automatically using the correlation algorithm or stereoscopically by an operator If one of the goals of making phototriangulation is to measure ground coordinates of some points on images which afterwards can be used as ground control points in further photogrammetric processing then tie points should be chosen on well distinctive terrain details Such points are referred to as targeted points below The point type may be changed in the Point properties window see the chapter 3 4 2 Tie points measurements Measuring points means their stereoscopic measuring on both stereo pair images Stereoscopic measuring can be fulfilled in three following ways e by manual positioning of the marker on each of two images e by manual positioning of the marker on one image and transferring the marked point to another image with correlation e by manual positioning of the marker in stereo mode Tie points can be measured in full automatic mode on both stereo pair images using correlation procedure The following tie points posi
67. itioning to open Stereo lens window to measure the point in stereo mode see the chapter 3 4 2 6 1 Stereomode with moving marker 2 Show Edit on all images to open Point Editor window that shows selected point on different images of the block where you can re measure the point on all images where it exists see also the chapter 3 4 5 Point editor window Add Edit on all images to open Point Editor window that allows to add and measure a new point on different images of the block on all images where it exists see also the chapter 3 4 5 Point editor window 2009 40 AT July 25 2009 2 _ Add in Stereocomparator to open Stereocomparator window where you can add a new point in fixed marker mode see the chapter 3 4 2 6 2 Stereocomparator mode fixed marker FT Transfer in Stereocomparator to open Stereocomparator window where you can transfer an existing point on other image in fixed marker mode see the chapter 3 4 2 6 2 Stereocomparator mode fixed marker e LE Edit type to edit the current point properties Name Type Tie Control or Targeted and Comment To search the point in the list enter its name or number in Point search field after that the marker moves into this point both in the image and lens windows and its record is highlighted in the points list 3 4 2 4 2 Transferring of existing points If some tie or ground control points have
68. ive Selecting particular type depends on available fiducial marks data see the beginning of this chapter See also the chapter 3 2 1 Coordinates transformation As a result of interior orientation a window with errors by X and Y axes appears The error units usually mm correspond to the units selected while entering camera parameters Fig 4 Interior orientation errors Once interior orientation for the current image is done you should save the results by pushing the icon in upper button bar of Interior orientation window and move to the next unmeasured image using the icon If calibrated distances were input in camera data the icon va is disabled You can control fiducial marks measuring using a panel with the last results of image interior orientation procedure opened by the H icon When at least one of the block images is processed manually and has interior orientation results you can perform interior orientation for the rest of images automatically see the chapter 3 2 4 Automatic interior orientation 3 2 4 Automatic interior orientation 2009 10 AT July 25 2009 Before starting automatic interior orientation process you must perform the interior orientation manually at least for one image see the chapter 3 2 3 Manual measuring of fiducial marks Click on the x icon in Automatic orientation panel to activate automatic interior orientation mode Then setup 2 parameters Mark region size
69. keys Adjust depth F2 adjusting the stereo image to place stereo marker in the screen plane e Restore depth F3 restoring the previous depth level Reverse phase F11 switching shutter glasses phase N Parameters selecting stereo mode anaglyph interlace or page flipping correlator parameters and stereomarker color 47 RACURS Co Ul Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia PHOTOMOD 4 4 CI CI Correlate measuring a point using correlation procedure i Exit without saving the changes Three buttons at the bottom of the stereo lens are used for following operations Marker down moving the marker from the operator o Marker up moving the marker to the operator M Center marker moving the marker to the center of the image Two groups of 4 buttons each at the left a and the right a lower corners of the stereo lens window are used for moving the stereo lens along the stereo image and moving the stereo marker within the stereo image correspondingly If the right group of buttons is not active it means that the point is fixed at least on one of two stereo pair images If the point is fixed on one image only it can be moved on another image along epipolar line actually along Z by pressing the lt PageUp gt and lt PageDown gt keys or pushing the buttons If the point is fixed on bot
70. l Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia PHOTOMOD 4 4 18 x nn Image 676 x 26 E 27 28 H Selected 1 of 197 Labe ERA a ae KENIJI ne C All os Selected None Type o 5 Ground control pcp5 ss Fig 44 Point measured on several images faa I Measured point could be also viewed or edited on all images where it is shown by pushing the button Edit point on images After that the Edit point window opens where you can see point position on different images of the block see the chapter 3 4 5 Point editor window To save current ties and images overlaps and also to consider them for displaying of the block scheme in PHOTOMOD Montage Desktop module use menu command File Save scheme or the icon Save scheme Menu command File Delete scheme or the icon al causes displaying the block of images in PHOTOMOD Montage Desktop module without taking the overlaps into account Note Block scheme is used also in module of automatic ties measurements PHOTOMOD AAT see corresponding User Manual Push the button fl Close to close block scheme window 3 4 5 Point editor window When you measure points in images or strip overlap working in windows opened from the tabs Strip ties or Tie points measurements you can add or edit them on all images where they exist This procedure is available in the Point editor window opened by the button Add
71. l parallax MINXPAR Minimum value of residual parallel parallax Strips table routes db ROUTE 1 Unique index of strip ROUTE_ORD I Ordinal number of strip ROUTE_NAME DIRECT 1 Direction of images in strip Scanner survey information table values db 6 2 Tables editing user editing is not recommended You can use PHOTOMOD Explorer program to view and edit the database tables see PHOTOMOD Overview User Manual Note that you should understand the database structure and links between tables very well to edit them manually Start PHOTOMOD Explorer select a project and AT data section within database tables to edit it Double click on the database table db resource to open it for editing Now you can select some field value by single mouse click and enter a new value EN PHOTOMOD Explorer a enx na gt Global TIN H Global contours E Mosaic data fobs Preferences E Processing stage dat bo Project images z Solver data 2 E stereoDraw data H Stereopairs l lt Temporary data E Airbome survey 3block H IKONOS single image 4 KONOS StereoMoscow r k Projects gt 3block gt 47 data gt stereo db values db 16 538 29 03 2004 14 03 22 table Git P14 21 04 2004 11 22 35 table 6 028 29 03 2004 14 02 22 table points ries 25 571 2004 2004 09 28 52 ini points db 20 610 21 04 2004 11 22 35 table phat ini 260 03 12 2004 11 42 42 ini images m
72. lected GCP 3000 used for control of object s scale in the window A show vectors hides shows vector objects over the raster map if vector file is opened A show vertices shows hides vertices of vector objects if file with vector objects is opened ay swap X Y allows to swap X and Y coordinates q zoom out duplicated by the key 11 original size 1 1 duplicated by Alt 1 hot keys A zoom in duplicated by hot key 2009 30 AT July 25 2009 al fit to window duplicated by Alt Enter hot keys fi 1 Shows zoom scale in raster map window Pan mode is on when Alt key is pressed down EF For more convenient work you can rotate the map in the following ways without rotation amp l turn at 90 degrees pl turn at 180 degrees and LE turn at 270 degrees At that raster file is not changed and the rotation is executed on the fly 3 3 2 3 Measuring points on vector map If there are vector objects referenced to coordinate system you may open them in Map window and use for measuring of GCP coordinates Open Map window by pushing the button B open map Then load vector objects by pushing the button g load vector map In the dialogue opened select file or several files of vector format PHR PHOTOMOD resource DGN DXF or Shape If you need to swap X and Y coordinates of vector objects vertices during their loading from PHR and Shape formats i e to change
73. mmended to use geometric correction mode when measuring points on steep slopes Size threshold for corrections allows to adjust threshold value for correction and when it is exceeded the geometric correction is applied Default value is 10 Do not use image border area service information area with specified width near the image edge should not be used for correlator work Service area width 2 of image width and height by default should not be less than on the image otherwise a big amount of wrong points would be measured in image service areas See the detailed description of correlator parameters in the chapter 3 4 2 7 Correlator parameters When all parameters are set start the search procedure by pushing the OK button To change the point type to select it in the list and click the 3 4 2 4 5 Changing point type icon or select Points Properties menu option to enter change its type Type field number Name field and comment in the Point properties dialog box 45 RACURS Co Ul Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia PHOTOMOD 4 4 Point properties x Hame 1 Type 0 Tie Targeted Gr control Comment m Coordinates weights ka 1 00 1 00 1 00 Cancel Fig 34 Changing point type If a point s type is changed to Gr control you should enter point ground coordinates and weight values in appropriate text fields of the Point properties
74. n 5 or on 1 along with pressed Shift key al Zoom out right image scale on 5 or on 1 along with pressed Shift key 11 cancel right image zoom 49 RACURS Co UI Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia PHOTOMOD 4 4 The step of moving is set by the Sensitivity slider and can change from 0 1 to 20 of the current screen pixel size which depends on the zoom level You can also use keys 0 1 2 9 for quick selecting the current step value While orienting images you can control the process by viewing the Y parallax value at the top of window Q It is displaying in the camera calibration units usually mm Note that this parameter is available just in case of working in the images overlapping area not for interstrip overlapping area If the left or right group of arrow buttons is not active the tie point is fixed see the chapter 3 4 2 5 Measuring points in the stereomode on the corresponding image and it cannot be moved See also the chapter 3 4 2 4 Measurements settings and types of tie points fixation For stereomode adjusting you can also use special tool for images rotation located in lower part of stereocomparator window 12 E Left steering wheel is intended for both images rotation by clicking on the wheel field or entering rotation angle value into numeric field And right wheel for right image rotation If you would like to restore the initial image position
75. n all images except the one where it was measured first Once a point is deleted you get a message with a list of stereo pairs needed to recalculate the relative orientation for To show the Status window use command Orientation Status or push the icon 3 4 3 2 Accuracy control by adjacent models tying in triplets It is recommended to provide images relative orientation accuracy control by comparing the discrepancies of points measurements on adjacent stereopairs models in overlapping zone of three neighboring images of one strip triplets Such kind of control allows to detect the discrepancies in models even on measuring stage and not to get back to relative orientation after the block adjustment You can perform such accuracy control in PHOTOMOD AT module by merging of two adjacent models into the single model For that select the menu command Orientation Model ties prev model or Orientation Model ties next model or use hot keys Ctrl Alt P and Ctrl Alt N respectively in the Measuring tie points window on the appropriate tab of PHOTOMOD AT module Discrepancies on model ties L x Errors In real cale m 3197 0 002 0 035 0 069 blas 0 07395 0 05753 0 08351 ARS 0 00659 0 03538 0 06866 Total E secluded 641 Errors scale Image f Real pae Fig 41 Errors from adjacent models At the appeared Discrepancies on model ties window the list of all tie points located in overlapping zone is dis
76. nates of marker are assigned to the point and saved in the list nF FT predict places marker to coordinates of point selected in the list Es copy coordinates to clipboard copies coordinates of selected point to clipboard Coordinates are in the following format Xp Yp Xg Yg CE paste coordinates from clipboard pastes selected point coordinates from the clipboard in the following possible formats Xg Yg Xg Yg Zg Xp Yp Xg Yg Xp Yp Zp Xg Yg Zg where Zp equals 0 HA select color opens standard OS Windows palette to choose points symbol color on the map For map georeferencing you should recognize points with known geodetic coordinates on the map Map could be referenced using only one point in that case it is considered that measurement unit is 1 pixel and axis coincide If there are two points then map will be scaled and rotated in case of three points affine transformation will be applied but for accuracy control you should measure not less then 4 points To measure point put marker on point s place on the map and push button is add point After that point s name and pixel coordinates will be added to the list Input geodetic coordinates of the point to appropriate cells manually When fifth point is measured coordinates measurement errors Ex and Ey will be automatically calculated and saved to the last columns To place marker on the measured point on the image you should click on table cell w
77. nd PHOTOMOD Mosaic User Manuals New project x Project name New project Description Block of aerial images Single image Merging projects Scanner survey Monoblock Coordinate system was o4 UTH zone 44M Select e Fig 50 Project type selection Scanner survey project type includes two subtypes Monoblock and Stereoblock More details about projects types and kinds of images for processing see in PHOTOMOD Montage Desktop User Manual If the block images compose valid stereopairs create a project of Stereoblock subtype Project of Monoblock subtype should contain images with some overlap but not allowing to perform stereo processing In case of scanner stereopair or set of stereopairs project type Stereoblock the full photogrammetric processing by all needed PHOTOMOD modules is performed see also the chapter 4 4 Processing of scanner stereoblock in PHOTOMOD AT When processing images monoblock you can measure ground control points and ties see the details in the chapter 4 4 Processing scanner monoblock in PHOTOMOD AT as well as PHOTOMOD Montage Desktop User Manual Adjustment of scanner mono and stereo blocks is executed in PHOTOMOD Solver module see the appropriate User Manual 65 RACURS Co Ul Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia PHOTOMOD 4 4 4 1 Number of GCP necessary for space images processing in PHOTOMOD Rigorous Resurs DK 6 points per KOMPS
78. nged to stereo pairs where this point has been already measured in stereo mode If for example the point has been measured on the stereo pair that contains the left image of the current stereo pair then the point is fixed on this left image while on another image the point can be moved along epipolar line that means moving along Z coordinate To cancel restrictions of points fixation use a mode Options Point fixation type None see the chapter 3 4 2 4 Measurements settings and types of tie points fixation 2009 46 AT July 25 2009 3 4 2 5 1 Stereo mode with moving marker od To measure a point in the stereo mode select the point in the list and push the button l The Stereo lens window opens showing a part of stereo image that contains selected point see figure below A Stereolens 1 1 aaa n mMA8 it j 17 j 17 4896 667 9933 333 1344 969 9503 920 1 1 Mf Gr control Gr control 0000 0 006 Fig 35 Stereo measurements By default the Stereo lens window is located over the left and the right image windows keeping visible the lens of the right and the left images The stereo marker in the stereo lens moves synchronously with the markers in the left and right lenses The a at the top of the Stereo lens window are used for the following operations Exit and save measurements al Zoom in e a Zoom out o 11 Zoom 1 1 duplicated by Alt 1 hot
79. of correlation tries for each point 100 by default Minimal distance between points pix minimal distance in pixels of the initial image between points measured on the image 5 by default You may increase the parameter if it is difficult to adjust the block in PHOTOMOD Solver module please note that this limit is applied only to newly measured points and already measured points will be not filtered The Correlator tab allows to adjust the following parameters of correlator 2009 44 AT July 25 2009 Tie point measurement parameters x Correlating paints Zones Correlator Correlation matrix half size Do not use image border area a fi 0 A Y fi A MW Size adjustment of height 2 A Geometric corrections 4 of width Size threshold for corrections fio A Cancel Fig 33 Parameters of correlator for automatic points searching Correlation matrix half size on X and Y axes setup matrix size in pixels for search of the corresponding points in pixels 10x10 by default In most cases it is not recommended to increase this size due to it causes slowing down the processing Size adjustment of correlation matrix used in case of low terrain contrast on the images Geometric corrections geometric correction mode is used only if correlation matrix size Correlation matrix half size option is more than threshold value Size threshold for corrections option It is also reco
80. office 15 129366 Moscow Russia PHOTOMOD 4 4 Display styles xj Points zz Bold Points in triplet with previous image az W Bold Points in triplet with next image ES W Bold Points in quadraple overlap m W Bold Overlapping area ones Fig 30 Colors and styles settings for objects in Measurements window Show in sub menu opened you may turn on off points overlap areas zones and points in triplets See also the chapter 3 4 2 5 Measuring of tie points on the stereopair and 3 4 2 6 Measuring of points in stereo mode 3 4 2 4 Measuring of tie points on stereopair 3 4 2 4 1 Tie points measuring tools Operations of points measurements are executed using either pull down menu at the top of the window or group of icons located in the lower left part of the window These icons are used for the following operations A Add with correlation to add the point using correlation eP Add without correlation to add the point without correlation LR Transfer with correlation to transfer the point using correlation a Transfer without correlation to transfer the point without correlation a Move to marker position Delete to delete the point a Calculate relative orientation to calculate the relative orientation for the given stereo pair see the chapter 3 4 4 1 Accuracy control using vertical parallax residual Status to show the status information d ae Stereo pos
81. oneS S ZONE Y4 I YcoordinateofzoneS _ _ i CS EE ZONE_X5 X coordinate of zone 6 ZONE _Y5 Y coordinate of zone 6 ZONE_SIZE Fiducial marks coordinates measurements table fiducial db CODE _IM _ Foreignindex S CODE_COORD Foreign index S X N Fiducial mark coordinate in pixels Y TN Fiducial mark coordinate in pixels Ground control points table geodez db X Y TYPE I Type of point S XN Coordinate S Yo IN Coordinate Zo IN Coordinate S WX IN Weight reliability of coordinate WY IN Weight reliability of coordinate COMMENT 7 XC YC ZC IN Weight reliability of coordinate COMMENT XC IN Calculated coordinate _ _ o YC IN Calculated coordinate o ZC IN Calculated coordinate _ _ o Measured points table points db Foreign index number of point Foreign index number of image Foreign index number of image where the point was identified correlated Correlation value Pixel coordinate Pixel coordinate Stereo pairs table stereo db Foreign index number of left image CODE_IML Type of relative orientation CODE _IMR 1 Foreign index number of right image REL_ OR TYPE 2009 74 AT July 25 2009 ROUTE __ Foreign index number of stp _ _ ALFA LEFT N Relative orientation angle MAXPARALLAX Maximum value of residual vertical parallax RMSPARALLAX RMS value of residual vertical parallax MAXXPAR Maximum value of residual paralle
82. oose point s type ground control or check edit its name and add a comment Then input or edit Z coordinate and edit coordinates weights if necessary After pushing OK point s coordinates appear at the end of GCP list in the Measuring GC points window If it is necessary to find the point measured on image in the window with opened map using its coordinates select the point in the lower list of the Measuring GC points window and push the button find on the map Marker in the Map window will be placed to the position of the point selected 29 RACURS Co UI Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia PHOTOMOD 4 4 we Map LE PHOTOMOD data vinnitsa tif EEE 7 tT i Ser are a lacpadise Fis r mm HER kn ie Fig 22 Raster map window Upper button bar contains the following options BI close map closes vector and raster maps opened in this window before a load raster map duplicated by Ctrl O hot keys opens dialogue for file selection in raster formats TIFF JPEG BMP IMG PNG NTF GIF PIX JP2 DEM C load vector map opens a dialogue for selection of vector format file PHR PHOTOMOD resource format DGN DXF or Shape see the chapter 3 3 2 3 Measuring oints on vector ma a load DEM opens a dialogue for selection of PHOTOMOD resource containing DEM see the chapter 3 3 2 3 Measuring points on vector map used for measuring Z coordinate of col
83. or orientation process When calculations are done the window Automatic interior orientation results is opened also opens by clicking the icon on Automatic orientation panel see Fig 5 This window contains a list of images and values of interior orientation errors for each of them There is also a column of correlation coefficient values If you are not satisfied with errors or some fiducial marks are not found you can resize mark and search regions and start the process another time You can also select any image and push the Goto button to make measurements manually 2009 12 AT July 25 2009 You should consider a Strip orientation option Forward or Revert when making the interior orientation automatically Strip orientation is setup in PHOTOMOD Montage Desktop module on Block forming stage see an appropriate User Manual Be INA ECRIRE Block forming xj PT 8 al aoa e m Orientatio Cancel EN Forward C Revert E Main Window Er ES Block scheme E bg Triangulation points H S Raster Info 3 Navigation Qh Main windo 4 gt i r mjs sasajen s o Fig Sample of forward and revert strip orientations Figure 7 shows a sample of forward and revert strip orientations caused by opposite courses of the aircraft In this case the strip orientation should be set as forward for the first strip and revert for the second one or vice versa On this sample you can e
84. ortion table distcam db CODE_DIST Unique table index CODE CAM 1 Foreign index of the table DIST TYPE I Data type Ro 2009 72 AT July 25 2009 Fiducial marks coordinates table coordcam db CODE_ COORD Unique table index coDE _CAM 1 Foreign index of the table X coordinate o aee oo Images information table images db Z CODE_IM A Unique table index ROUTE_ORDER I Ordinal number in the strip __ _ ROUTE __ Foreign index number of the strip PRASTER_TYPE File format rotation _ __ _ IMG_WIDTH__ I Width of the raster image _ _ _ _ IMG_HEIGTH___ I Heightoftherasterimage _ _ _ FILEDATE D File date S FILESIZE I Filesize CODE_CAM __ Foreign index number of the camera MEASURE_CODE 1 Codeofmeasurementunit __ _ _ DISTOR_TYPE Type of distortion S BRIGHT _ Brightness correction for display _ _ CONTRAST I Contrast correction for display _ 13 RACURS Co Ul Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia PHOTOMOD 4 4 GAMMA I Gamma correction for display INVERT ZONE XO Inversion for display 17 Xcoordinateofzonet S ZONE YO _ Ycoordinateofzonet S ZONE X1 I Xcoordinateofzone2 ZONE Y1 I Ycoordinateofzone2 _ _ ZONE X2 I X coordinate ofzone3 S ZONE Y2 I Y coordinate of zone 3 S ZONE X3 I X coordinate of zone 4 S ZONE Y3 I Y coordinate ofzone4 ZONE X4 I Xcoordinateofz
85. played showing the discrepancies Ex Ey Ez in their X Y Z coordinates calculated from two adjacent models The coordinate s discrepancies could be measured in image scale mm or real scale m depending on the option Errors scale The Real scale option is active if you input survey scale factor in PHOTOMOD Montage Desktop module Project Properties Coordinate system Scale field see the appropriate User Manual Mouse click on the selected point line in the list causes marker moving to the point position on images and lenses and also selecting this point line in the lower list in the Measuring tie points window 2009 54 AT July 25 2009 Listed points could be sorted by X Y and Z discrepancies or by point name number using mouse click on the appropriate column header You can exclude any point from the procedure of tying models by setting the corresponding button to the state in the leftward column on the table At that the point is highlighted by red color in the list To delete a point from the current stereo pair select it in the table and push the Delete button 3 4 4 Working with block scheme To make the procedure of measuring points more convenient you can use the scheme that shows the frames of the block images and the locations of the measured points To show the scheme push the button MM on the Actions panel of the Strip ties or Tie points measurements tabs of the PHOTOMOD AT window Besi
86. pping mode to show hide a rectangle sign above the marker in Z axis to define stereo phase 2009 50 AT July 25 2009 When the point measuring is completed the marker is located on the appropriate point of the relief push the button to save the measurement and close the stereocomparator window To exit process without saving the results push the Si icon 3 4 2 6 Correlator parameters In PHOTOMOD system correlation algorithm is used for automatic tie points identical points on images pair search and measurement The algorithm allows to compare the corresponding fragments of images using maximal relative correlation coefficient This maximal value is searching on X and Y axes with sub pixel accuracy The size of image fragment is defined by the parameter Correlation matrix half size and equals 2 X 1 2 Y 1 see Fig 37 For more accurate measurements of pixel coordinates the special algorithm of matrix size reduction is used turned on by the Auto resizing option Left Image Fight Image Fig 37 Images correlation In case if the images are significantly different in geometry due to images relative rotation or mountainous terrain survey for instance see Fig 37 more complicated brightness interpolation is applied to right images which uses affine geometric transformation turn on the Geometric corrections option in this case You should use such a transformation if correlation matrix size is more then the t
87. red on the only one image is shown by the sign i e Points measured on several images are shown by the sign ha Tie e Point measured on the only one image is shown by the sign ha e Points measured on several images are shown by the sign Es Color and thickness of tie points signs is set up in the window opened using menu command Options Display styles in Tie points measurements window see the chapter 3 4 2 4 Measurements settings and types of tie points fixation 4 Project types PHOTOMOD system works with two types of projects based on the source image geometry Central projection images acquired by photo cameras and Scanner images images acquired by scanning devices such as SPOT ASTER IRS IKONOS etc The project type is selected in PHOTOMOD Montage Desktop module while the project creating see the corresponding User Manual While processing central projection images acquired by photo camera PHOTOMOD works with images block Block project subtype or single image project subtype Single image Images block is subject of full photogrammetric processing by all needed PHOTOMOD modules In case of single image it is undergoing the interior orientation georeferencing 2009 64 AT July 25 2009 adjustment and ortho rectification if the external DEM is available see the chapter 4 2 Processing of single central projection images in PHOTOMOD AT and also PHOTOMOD Montage Desktop PHOTOMOD Solver a
88. s el Prev stereo pair to move to the previous stereo pair e Z Select stereo pair to select any of the strip stereo pairs e Next stereo pair to move to the next stereo pair 2009 38 AT July 25 2009 ft Exit to exit points measurements procedure and to close the Measuring tie points window Use menu item Options to adjust image radiometry marker parameters and point fixation type see the chapter 3 4 2 4 Measurements settings and types of tie points fixation 3 4 2 3 Measurements settings and types of tie points fixation While measuring tie points you define their locations on different block images The system put restrictions on points moving in accordance with setting of menu item Options Point fixation type Thus if a point is measured on 1 2 and 3 images and the fixation type is Fixed there is no way to move point on the middle 2 image without its deleting on first or third images see the chapter 3 4 2 5 Measuring of tie points on stereopair To manage point degree of freedom use following options of the menu item Point fixation type e Fixed default mode when measuring a point on the first of stereo pairs where it is imaged you can move this point on any of two images Afterwards when measuring this point on other stereo pairs the point position will be fixed on images belonged to stereo pairs where this point has been already measured
89. t To select strip or image click it in the appropriate list If the same strip and its overlapping images are selected in both lists then tie points are measured in the vertical overlapping area between the images At that the images are located horizontally in window appeared after pushing the button i and you can process them as described in the chapter 3 4 2 2 Tie points measurements window If you selected upper and lower strips in the lists and overlapping images from them then you can measure tie points in the horizontal overlapping area between the images and strips after pushing the button g At that in appeared window the images are shown vertically and are processed as described in the chapter 3 4 1 Interstrip ties Note The B button is inactive if the same strips and images are selected Note To view already measured tie points on the block scheme push the JM button Block scheme 7 18 x File View Block Help NEARNE M Follow z Points Images Strips 4317_18_2401a A 4317_23 2314a 4313 24 2227b 4318 24 2311b 4317_24 2320b 4314 24 2323a X Selected 1 of 182 f ra a 2 C Al Hag 25 2228a Selected A HA Fig 52 Block scheme of scanner images monoblock ties measurement See the chapter 3 4 4 Working with block scheme for the details about work with Block scheme When tie points measurements is complete in PHOTOMOD AT you can start block adjustment in PHOTOMOD Solver module see the d
90. t option from the Options menu or push the N icon Brightness Contrast Gamma Brightness l 19 I eh eee oe I Contrast j 13 I BAD I Gamma correction Oe ee ae ee eee ee COTE EE nnno MW Always apply when showing image Cancel Default Fig 48 Brightness adjustment At the Brightness Contrast Gamma window you can adjust the image brightness contrast and gamma using the corresponding sliders or typing their values in the text boxes To keep the current settings valid for subsequent image appearances mark the check box Always apply when showing image Use the Default button to set all parameters to the default values 3 5 3 Marker parameters To change the marker parameters select the Marker option from the Options menu or push the AY icon to open Marker parameters window Use Marker parameters window for changing color size and shape of the marker 63 RACURS Co UI Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia PHOTOMOD 4 4 Marker parameters x Cancel Cross Sight C Square Circle Fig 49 Marker parameters 3 5 4 Types of points and their visualization on images In PHOTOMOD AT module the following signs are used for different point s types shown and measured on the images Ground control e Point measured on the only one image is shown by the sign ra e Points measured on several images are shown by the sign Check e Point measu
91. the relative orientation is recalculated automatically after measuring each new point To reject points with large vertical parallax residuals select the Rejection command from the Orientation menu or push the button Mark bad in the Status window and in the Point rejection criteria window set the vertical parallax threshold value t is recommended to reject the points with vertical parallax which exceeds image pixel size Fig 40 All points with vertical parallaxes exceeding the defined threshold will be marked by red in the list of measured points Point rejection criteria x Pixel size 0 0280 mm Maximum parallax 0 032 mm Select points with parallax greater than n oz Do not apply Cancel Fig 40 Points rejection To delete all such points select the Delete bad option from the Points menu To delete points one by one select the point in the list and push the button or select the Delete 53 RACURS Co Ul Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia PHOTOMOD 4 4 option from the Points menu or press Ctrl D hot keys If you need to delete control point it is possible if it was measured on only one image After that it becomes a tie point if it was used in the relative orientation Also you can delete points on all images using the command Delete on all images It is available if the selected point belongs to at least two images If the point is control or check it is deleted o
92. tion considered as an optimum tie points are grouped in the special standard zones in the triple images overlap at least 2 3 points in each group Fig 24 2009 32 AT July 25 2009 O image principal point C tie points location zones Fig 24 Interstrip tie points should be located in the side lap areas symmetrically relatively to its midline approximately as shown on Fig 25 Fig 25 Note After entering a tie point in the inter strip overlap area the results of the relative orientation procedure for the images containing this point are rejected so you should enter such points before making orientation of stereo pairs in strips Note Inter strip tie points must be transferred to at least one adjacent image in each strip Otherwise they will not be taken into account in the block adjustment by independent models method 3 4 1 Interstrip ties To measure tie points on the overlapping images of adjacent strips click the Strip Ties tab of the PHOTOMOD AT window The Strip ties page Fig 26 opens 33 RACURS Co UI Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia PHOTOMOD 4 4 WA PHOTOMOD AT Budapest_ortho_new oO x Steps Exit Help O Project Properties 1 Interior Orientation 2 Measuring GC Points 3 Strip Ties 4 Tie Points Measurements strip Ties af prr 2503 2481 2456 2476 2453 2431 2405 2426 2553 2531 2996 2970 2603 2501 2306 2527 2302 2250 D
93. tion tab or double click the name of the image selected in the images list The Interior orientation window appears Fig 3 A Interior orientation sci 707 F 18 x Find Mark B Asle Sj i P21 M 10566 000 440 000 106 000 105 991 m utomatic orientation i Camera RC 20_infomap TRF 1 105 999 106 002 0 001 0 011 sl A Maki z Mark region size 2 106 003 106 005 0 001 0 011 Oo 4 Gil ru mor 3 106 001 106 003 0 001 0 011 PTE Search region size 4 106 004 z m 2009 8 AT July 25 2009 Fig 3 Fiducial marks measuring The icons at the upper part of the window allow to perform the following operations e Save results to save the interior orientation results Prev image gt Next image to switch to the previous or the next image of the strip amp Prev unprocessed image gt Next unprocessed image to switch to the previous or the next unmeasured images of the strip s e Select image to select any of the block images e jai Camera selection to select a camera form the camera database N Options opens a pop down menu allowing to adjust the following parameters e image brightness and contrast see the chapter 3 5 2 Adjusting brightness and contrast e marker parameters see the chapter 3 5 3 Marker parameters e fiducial marks color e show hide fiducial marks of the image e show hide RGB value s
94. uring GCP tab To measure control points select the image in the Images list where you want to measure points Then push the icon ES Measure point to open a window with a selected image 2009 24 AT July 25 2009 ie Measuring GC points 674 els gt Si am fl Sodordas 10339 000 50 266 43 500 E FH Point Search X 25891 78 93 Y 6587072 86 a a j Z 76 Fig 19 Measuring of ground control points Ground control points must be identified and measured on one of the strip images only If a point is imaged on more than one image it can be measured transferred to these images at steps 3 Strip ties and 4 Tie points measurements To measure a point on an image use the marker manipulations described in the chapter 3 5 Working with raster images Note Measuring GCP in the stereo mode becomes available when relative orientation is completed See the chapter 3 4 2 Tie points measurements To measure the ground control point on the image e select the point name in the list in the lower left part of the window using the mouse or arrow keys of the keyboard e position the marker exactly on the ground control point on the image e apply the measurement by pushing the button To re measure the point change its position on the image e select the point in the list e move the marker to a new position e push the al button to apply the change To delete a point that has been already measured
95. use double click on the numeric field The icons above the Stereocomparator window are used for the following operations gl Exit and save measurements Zoom in Zoom out e Reverse phase F11 switching shutter glasses phase amp Settings selecting mode of stereo imaging anaglyph interlace or page flipping correlation parameters and marker colors ate t Correlate measuring a point using automatic correlation procedure at that correlation coefficient value appears in the upper part of the window near Y parallax value Q For more accurate positioning of stereo marker and measuring points in stereo comparator use the following operations To move the image to the specified point by the mouse use Alt Click to center both images in the specified point Shift Click to center only left image Ctrl Click to center only right image To move the image using mouse wheel mouse wheel rotation moves both images Shift Wheel only left image moves Ctrl Wheel only right image moves if the Alt key is pressed along with previous combinations images are moved in Y axis if it is released in X axis Forward mouse wheel rotation is used to move images to the left in X corresponds to move of marker down in Z along with pressed Ctrl key or upward in Y along with pressed Alt key Press the Tab key to turn on off the marker Press the key in anaglyph or page fli
96. when feature matching data available 72 fo pd Search area size when no feature matching data available pix 1000 Contrast point search area prs 100 Tries per point fi n A Minimum distance between points pis Cancel Fig 32 Parameters of automatic points search Enlarge search area when feature matching data available data of automatic features matching is used for preliminary evaluation of search area for correlation algorithm It is necessary to enlarge this area on specified value 50 by default for reliable processing Search area size when no feature matching data available pix size of searching area for correlator when there is no or failed features matching between images of stereopair and there is no evaluation of the searching area You should enlarge this value up to 20 30 of the image size if there are some difficulties with automatic ties measuring Note Refer to the PHOTOMOD AAT User Manual for the description of figures matching procedure Contrast point search area pix default value is 100 The parameter is used for tie points search in areas of maximal contrasts images with clear object s features In some cases it is recommended to measure points in areas with low contrast for example when maximal contrast corresponds to forested areas where correlator errors have high probability The parameter value may be reduced there up to 10 for example Tries per point number

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