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Aerial triangulation

1. Preview file C import export 12 txt kad ass Eel x Y 7 OMEGA_DEG 2 2 0710 737973 885056 259599 602959 2016 807308 0 172572504205 737212 662007 259582 396634 2014 345267 0 734248946965 736466 161351 259560 135248 2017 754100 0 903863657364 2_0712 2_0714 Drag a field name from the list of available fields on a grid column to assign column type Double click on grid column to cancel assignment lt Back Next gt 0 1472103298681 0 141579364114 0 341595107402 KAPPA DEG fi 0 5634334432 0 1453205079 1 01898251502 Fig 86 Exterior orientation import Step 1 3 optional If images names in file and in project are not the same perform one of the following actions e set the Loose matching of image names in file against names in project checkbox The system performs search for common substrings and matches images names For example it searches for common substring 078 02595 in image name RGBI_ 018 02595 in file and image name 078 02595 in project If the Loose matching of image names in file against names in project checkbox is set the image name with file extension is also imported e set the Match by record number checkbox and click the Setup button The Match images by numbers window opens 159 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation gt Match images by numbers Piel EY gt Numbers in the file E Serial numbers of records matching
2. Use current radius table 0 lines max radius 0 0000 mm mean step 0 0000 mm Create new radius table Step mm f Max radius mm fal a Fig 14 Parameters of distortion transformation Radial to input table values of radial distortion by radius vector distance e 4directions to input table values of distortion by directions of image coordin ate axes e 4 directions X to input table values of distortion by diagonal directions e 8 directions to input table values of distortion by directions of image coordinate axes and by diagonals During input of distortion data the point of symmetry coordinates are specified zero distortion in mm and table values of distortion in microns or distortion coefficients formulas To use principal point coordinates as point of symmetry coordinates click the To principal point button Distortion 4 directions x v Point of symmetry zero distortion mm x 0 0080 ut 0 0010 To principal point Romm dRi micron dR2 micron dR3 micron dR4 micron _ p 3 0 600 20 0000 0 600 0 500 0 600 0 100 2 30 0000 0 400 0 300 0 700 0 300 40 0000 0 100 0 300 0 400 0 400 50 0000 0 100 1 000 0 100 0 600 60 0000 0 500 0 800 0 500 0 700 70 0000 0 300 0 800 0 200 0 400 80 0000 0 800 0 100 0 200 0 500 90 0000 0 100 0 300 0 700 0 500 100 0000 0 400 0 500 0 200 0 300 sf xE w 0 Fig 15 A table of distort
3. DEM 5 257161 639711 NASA Blue Marble BMNG Landsat Global Mosaic gt Reproject Auto reproject into project working coordinate system None use coordinate system of the web service Reproject into coordinate system m Coordinate system net set Select es Settings OK Cancel Fig 81 Parameters of web map loading 4 Inthe Source list select a source of georeferenced data of WMS standard 5 optional Define a working area to load a web map 147 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation In the Reproject section define a coordinate system of loaded web map using the following way e Auto automatic transformation to coordinate system of a project e None use coordinate system of the web service e Reproject into coordinate system and specify necessary coordinate system Click OK New vector layer appears in the Layers manager and loaded map is dis played in the Map window working area 7 7 3 Search for GCP on project images To transfer GC points from a map to a project it is necessary to find these points on project images To do this perform the following actions 1 Select specific terrain point on a map in the Map window and place marker on this point lt Specific terrain point a terrain point which is clearly visible in comparison with other terrain objects it has good co
4. 0 935 0 105 100 96 Tie h4 2 J l o3 0 067 Apply 1 0556 Ground Control 1 1 3 0908 Ground Control 2 1 0 953 EEEN n E 08 OOOO gt a a Fig 77 Measurement of GCP coordinates in the Points measurement module In order to find a GCP in the Triangulation points table perform the following actions 1 Click the h button The Find window opens 2 Input GCP full name or its part into the Find field specify a search direction and click OK To move a GCP on images to edit measurement of selected point perform the following actions 1 Select measured GC point in the table of the Triangulation points module and click the E button or double click the point name in the table to display the meas urements of selected point on block images 2 Show by marker new position for selected GC point 3 Click the of the module upper toolbar After that the GC point on images is moved to marker s position and measurements data is refreshed in the Triangulation points table 140 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation To delete measurements of GC point select the point in the Triangulation points table and click the gf button of the module upper toolbar to delete only measurements of the point on all images The operation does not lead to deletion of GC point coordinates from the Triangulation points table see also Section 8 6 In order to completely delete a GC point to d
5. In order to open the relative orientation report perform the following actions 1 Choose Orientation gt Relative orientation report or click the button in the toolbar of the Triangulation window The Relative orientation report settings window opens It is used to specify parameters of accuracy control and format of output results of relative orientation in report 107 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation Relative orientation report settings Main parameters Additional Show report For all images C For selected images Add adjacent images Stereopairs Triplets J Check vertical parallax Jv Check residuals in triplets vertical parallax threshold Triplet residuals threshold py o so00 xy 1 000 Z 2 000 pix RMS pix RMS C mm C Mean abs value C mm C Mean abs value C Max Cm C Max Check discrepancy of kappa angle From block layout Angle discrepancy threshold degrees 30 00 J Check number of tie points J Check number of tie points Minimum number fe 4 Minimum number f v J Check point distribution uniformity Check errors in interstrip stereopairs cont Fig 64 Parameters of relative orientation report 2 Select the Main parameters tab it is selected by default 3 Inthe Show report section specify block images to be included to relative orientation report e to view a general report for the whole images block select the for
6. cccc ccc ec ccc ec ec ee ee ececeeeeeeeeceseeeaeeeseeeeaeseeeeseaeaeees 138 7 1 Georeterenced extemal Gata sirr etree a eas eee et races eet dete AA 142 CA t Mine MID WIMGOW fis tec tines a leva taa a A a tiles Mendota ates 142 7 7 2 Prepare and load georeferenced data cccccccceceeceeeeeeeeeneeeeeeeeeaeeeeeeaeeeeaeeeees 145 7 7 3 Search for GCP on project images cccccececeececeececeeeeceeeeceeeseseeseseeeeseeansass 148 Te see WPAlISteh Gr TON MaD eae eases Sew a ede Sse a oon occas se anda Sem cee aby oneeee 149 7 7 5 Raster Map georeference ccccceccececceceeeeceeeececeeseceeceseececueeseseeseseeaeseeensas 153 7 8 Import and export of exterior orientation parameters cccccecec ee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaeaeaenenees 157 7 8 1 Import of exterior Orientation parameters c cece cece ec eea ec eceeeeaeeeeeeeeaeaeeeeeeneas 157 7 8 2 Export of exterior orientation parameters cccccceccececee ee eceeeeeeaeceeeeeeaeaeeeeees 163 7 8 3 Import orientation from Metadata ccccc cece ec ee eee ec cence ea eceseeeeaeeeseeeeaeaeeeeeeneas 165 7 8 4 Export georeference data sesi a A EEE EE 167 7 8 5 Imported data accuracy control sennennnneresneresnereseerrnrernresrerrsrserrrsrrrrsrnresens 168 1 9 EXPOR On GCP Cavallo Que eena e a a a a e N 169 S Editing OF mangulati on POINTS reeni 25 viva Sudha coat EE E ASE 170 8 1 General information about triangulation points
7. To perform export of GCP list click the Em button on the GCP list tab of the Triangulation points window The Export GCP catalogue window opens Specify a name of text file and its placement out of active profile resources GC points are exported to text file with the following list of fields 169 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation NAME X Y Z CODE TYPE STDDEVX STDDEVY STDDEVZ where e NAME GC point name e X Y Z coordinates values the symbol is used to mark absent coordinates values e CODE a point s code e TYPE GC point type control GCP check check e STDDEVX STDDEVY STDDEVZ RMS of GCP coordinates In the sample shown below the comma symbol is used as fields separator and the full stop is used as decimal point The first row contains fields headers ka Lister E delme gcp csv q E E E O x File Edit Options Help 100 NAHE A 7 2 CODE TYPE STDODEUS STDODEYY STDDEUZ a 1 2589178 930000 658760 72 860000 7 760000 1 control 6 1600000 0 1060000 60 16006006 2 2590327 290000 6586268 840000 3 610000 2 control 6 100600 6 160660 6 160606 2992166 4460068 6585466 780000 4 2860008 3 control 6 100000 0 100000 0 100000 4 2590158 670000 6583583 500000 2 930600 4 check 6 10600600 6 10060080 60 1006006 gt 25888 04 1706000 6584652 120000 8 930608 5 check 6 10600600 6 16006080 6 1606606 6 2586532 3360008 6584538 9706006 7 6260600 6 control 6 16000600 6 1066060
8. E If just one image is selected in 2D window neighboring lower image in a strip will be opened by default If selected image is in the outermost strip the top image on the selected will be opened The Points measurement module represents a set of two windows the main Points measurement window and the Triangulation points window The main Points measurement window displays selected images in separate windows and contain tools used to perform triangulation points measurement The Triangulation points window is a catalogue of all triangulation points along with their measurements data and contains tools for work with points catalogue 57 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation QQ4eR erty oo BES SOE 384 7 HE 2 RD OO woe BL E QARAM E AS rL XIa aE A 48S r XIa A E A A L x Risos oo R10_S06 R10_507 P z r p 7 Pus i n ee gi Tig a i Zh l 2 1 64 9206 6846 10154 2344 76 3509 mm 95 1517 mm 2 1 64 5509 6372 10246 1499 1 4315 mm 97 5746 mm QAAN E t AAAA x H k A 3 3 2 bd is a R09_587 t ey x bi rea ate A 1 64 9256 0000 6149 0000 76 1598 mm 11 9612 mm O xi OK Cancel 16 0 85 0 805 17 17 ie 2 0 923 0 485 Apply 18 18 Tie 4 2 4 0 959 0 266 19 19 Tie 4 2 0 886 0 357 20 20 Tie 4 2 0 951 0 455 21 21 Tie 2 1 0 976 0 145 x Fig 34 The Points measurement module A work in the Points
9. Fig 107 Export measurements to PAT B 2 Set the File with point coordinates checkbox to export coordinates of measured GCP to file with xyz extension and click the _ button specify filename and its location out of active profile resources see also the description of the file format which contains geodetic coordinates in Section 9 5 2 If there is a coordinate system different from source one left right set the Swap X Y checkbox to swap X and Y coordinates 191 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation ME If the Swap X Y checkbox is cleared GC and tie points coordinates are exported in the right coordinate system Otherwise in the left one 3 Set the File with measurements checkbox to export coordinates measurements of all triangulation points to file with mea extension and click the _ button Then specify filename and its location out of active profile resources by default the system suggests location at the same folder with file of geodetic coordinates A description of the file format see in the Section 9 5 3 Specify measurement units for point coordinates measurements that are used in images coordinate system and select pix mm or mcm If the measurements consider distortion correction and principal point shift set the Refined camera coordinates checkbox 4 optional To change file names with xyz and mea extensions all at once set the Synchronize file names checkbox After that when one file name is cha
10. lt lt The Edit button allows to proceed to create edit data mode on the QuickTies layer Tie points allows to use tie points coordinates measured in manual or automatic modes IE For primary block layout it is possible to measure a small amount of tie points on in strip and inter strip images instead of quick ties that provides more accurate ties between images on a block scheme GC points allows to use coordinates of measured GCP IE Block layout created by GCP displays block scheme in real coordinate system PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation e Imported exterior orientation allows to use preliminary imported exterior ori entation parameters Select the Projection centers and angles or the Projection centers only option Block layout created by projection centers coordinates and exterior orientation angles is projection of images considering real coordinates of projection centers and rotation angles Ge This parameter allows to consider exterior orientation data for creation of block layout along with other data in contrast to the By ext or mode which considers only exterior orientation parameters e Adjustment results allows to use adjustment results that were imported or obtained during block adjustment Block layout created by adjustment results is a final version of a block scheme A For block layout creation it is more preferable to use adjustment results in contrast to other data It means tha
11. 5 Repeat pp 2 4 to measure coordinates of the second mark After measurement of two fiducial marks a status bar will display information about pixel size marker co ordinates on image in pixels and mm and marker coordinates calculated consid ering distortion in mm 42 10 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation Repeat pp 3 4 for the rest of fiducials After measurement of first two fiducial marks a marker will be automatically positioned to vicinity of the next fiducial mark on image in image view window and in the ens window After measurement of all fiducials coordinates choose one of the following trans formation type Rotation Scale Shift Affine Projective in the Transform type list Click the Apply button to perform interior orientation After that the fiducials table will display the Ex and Ey values of discrepancies in mm between fiducial marks specified in camera passport and measured on image Maximal error should not exceed the size of the pixel To perform accuracy control of interior orientation results using report click the button optional After measuring fiducial marks coordinates at least on one block image click the button to try to perform interior orientation of the rest block images in semi automatic mode Choose Orientation gt Interior orientation gt Report on interior orientation or click the button of the AT additional toolbar to control results and fix errors of interior orienta
12. 0 719915537297 0 001134608603 0 7 19483963822 0 693697595855 0 033562516739 0 024949252531 0 022478092994 0 999435976005 625 0 000 599269 636 246366 326 1584 112 0 702033988712 0 712138422976 0 002673052856 0 711855401200 0 701851841927 0 025804646235 0 020252567146 0 016212911610 0 999663430871 629 0 000 599765 811 245892 324 1592 102 0 691914675563 0 721972287256 0 003177750245 0 721913079496 0 691904133059 0 0104964902868 0 009776679165 0 004968610432 0 999939660964 Fig 111 Sample of PAT B file 9 5 2 Format of file containing points geodetic coordinates File with xyz txt or csv extension containing points geodetic coordinates is a table Each line of xyz txt csv file GCP number X Y Z where X Y Z GC point coordinates 196 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation Fields delimiter is space or multiple spaces i FEO A e3K4eCKHE_KOOPAMHAaTbLHYyZ Notepad ol x File Edit Format Help riolo EFE EGP 736917 r398 rassal Paodde 748846 748855 r3l r5 731990 reared 730975 731097 fa0226 resol Palo2d rIil71 742255 r430l Paoad foaloda EGERET 726995 733249 Paoefas Paolo Paseo 738208 Pase_li 792985 P4o4o9 739719 7i3880 231791 192897 189558 189093 188097 l sz44 eslisi 231150 185601 184879 182720 181695 185049 eco 1791553 180645 ee822Q 187081 1857508 197192
13. 1 R09_567 RC 20 x cam 0 R09_586 RC 20 x cam 0 V R09_585 RC 20 x cam O 4 gt Fig 9 Standard ways of images selection in lists tables To select highlight images in a table or list there are the following tools e selection of images strips using checkboxes near the image or strip name e highlighting of images strips by mouse click on the image or strip name ME In order to highlight multiple images or strips press and hold the Ctrl or Shift key while clicking mouse e selection of images using standard toolbox which contains the following buttons o 4H allows to select all images o Ei allows to unselect all images o aE allows to inverts images selection o fim allows to select highlighted images o DW allows to unselect highlighted images o W allows to select in a table or list those images which are highlighted on a block scheme in 2D window o ge allows to highlight on a block scheme in 2D window those images which are selected in a table or list 23 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation 4 3 2 Project cameras management Prior to executing interior orientation it is necessary to define parameters of cameras which were used to acquire project images In order to define project cameras input their parameters from passport data assign cameras to project images and define directions of cameras axes for specific project images the Manage project cameras window is
14. Jump to e in strip measurements e inter strip measurements See also e interior orientation report Back Refresh Report parameters Unselect all Block Statistics Project InfoMap _copy Number of strips 2 selected for the report 2 Number of images 6 selected for the report 6 Report date 17 mapta 2014 r 13 27 14 Top In Strip Measurements Statistics Stereopairs Triplets Strips Images Total Complete Residuals Not complete Total Complete Residuals Not complete 2 R10_505 R10_ S07 2 2 0 0 1 1 0 0 i ROS_S87 RO9_S85 2 2 0 0 1 1 0 0 Fig 66 Relative orientation report Relative orientation report contains the following main elements and sections e the toolbar with buttons used to perform the following operations o allows to return to previous view of the report O allows to refresh relative orientation results in the report after editing of tie points in the Points measurement module o h allows to perform a search for information in the report o Hl allows to save report data to files with htm html extensions out of active profile resources o allows to save report data to files with htm html extensions in active profile resources o amp allows to print a report o L amp allows to open a report preview window before its printing 112 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation t
15. Principal point input fields 33 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation upper left corner of image 7 Y Xp Image principal point Image center column 4 4077 pixels in a 4092 pixels in a row gt YP Fig 17 Dependence between image and monitor coordinate systems Here X and Y axes of image coordinate system Right e XP and YP axes of Pixel Monitor coordinate system Left Xpp and y principal point coordinates measured from upper left corner of the image from origin of Pixel Monitor coordinate system e Kip and Y o principal point coordinates measured from central pixel of the image from the image coordinates origin Image coordinates origin may differ from origin of Pixel Monitor coordinate system In this case it is necessary to recalculate principal points coordinates specified in the camera passport considering used coordinate system 10 optional Input the Description arbitrary text used for example for easy identific ation of the camera and projects where it is used 11 In the Distortion list select one of the following distortion types according to passport data of survey camera distortion e None no passport data 34 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation e Formula to input distortion coefficients of Brown Conrady model In order to consider distortion using formula it is necessary to input coordinates of symmetry p
16. Report date 17 mapta 2014 r 12 20 51 Interior orientation Strips Images Number of selected images r Complete Errors Not complete Top Strip 1 Axes Number of fiducials Transform Residuals RMS Image Camera Camera type i orientation measured type pix 2 0714 RC_waldkirh x Fiducial g Affine 0 117 3 cam coordinates 2 0712 RC_waldkirh x Fiducial Affine 0 072 E E cam coordinates RC_waldkirh x Fiducial cam coordinates Affine 0 149 Close 1 Fig 32 Report on interior orientation of digital camera images block 54 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation Report oe xX 1AA RBar Interior Orientation Report for the Image 2_0714 Back Refresh Report parameters Camera RC_waldkirh x cam Axes orientation 0 Interior orientation complete Image size 9656 000 9244 000 pix 241 4516 231 1504 mm Pixel size 0 0250 0 0250 mm Camera type Fiducial coordinates Focal length 153 5030 mm Principal point position 4611 008 4623 388 pix Transform type Affine Number of fiducials measured 4 of 4 Coordinates from the camera calibration Image measurements ares 3 Residuals pix Residuals mm Fiducial report mm pix mark x Y X T Ey Ey Eyy ES Ey Eyy Limit max 0 707 0 707 0 707 106 0010 105 9970 9053 074 386 868 0 092 0 072 0 117 0 0023 0 0018 0 0029
17. The stereopair measurements SECTION cccccccececececececececeeeeeeceaeaeaeaeseseseeees 118 6 9 6 The triplet measurements SECTION cccccecececeeeeeeceaeaeaeaeaeeeseseseseseseseseeeseeas 121 6 10 Relative orientation CONWOL eciivini nore Geer a ee ee ee E 123 6 10 1 Control of points recognition correctness cccececcec eee ee eee eeeee essen eeeeeaeeeeaeeeas 123 6 10 2 Control of uniform distribution of points measurements on stereopairs 123 6 10 3 Control of vertical parallax residuals ON stereopairs cccceceececee eee eeeeeeeeneas 124 6 1 AGIUSIMEAE Controlin TDI GUS aici poe a5 de wte aro seston E tes alenieaath 124 6 11 1 Control of uniform distribution of points measurements in triplets 6 124 6 1122 EnS COMMON IDI CUS araa a eer nen piesa tenets vote eden ah 124 Cs MMAGES extenor onena vac hovaivahian tans lidpw tilde sain hted a Maia A lua tanucusiulptadsalnetalilanivs 125 7 1 GCP adding and measurement their coordinates ccc ec cee ee ec eee ee eee eeeeeeeeeeeneeeeaeeeees 125 7 2 List of exterior Orientation parameters cc cc cccec ec ee ec eceeeee ec eceeeeeeseeeseeseeeeeseeseneaeeetees 126 To NG ps a eed aga a ae ee eee eee ee evar 128 TAs LISCO angulation PONS ocsetuiers at seiseus a E S adh quae an daarsse yeaa SE 132 1D sD ONE OT SCP Cala OU ra aoe i eee lee cease as ee ed se eee en 133 7 6 Measurement of GCP coordinates
18. There are the following conditions of successful import of exterior orientation parameters e correct images exterior orientation 157 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation e terrain elevation difference data Zmin Zmax in meters which should be specified either on project creation step see the Project creation User Manual or directly during import of exterior orientation data in the Import exterior orientation paramet ers window lt lt When terrain elevation difference on block images is more than 1 10 of flight altitude it is recommended to use GSD data to block layout creation using imported data see the Sec tion 3 In general case perform the following steps to import images exterior orientation para meters 1 Choose Orientation gt Direct georeferencing or click the y button of the AT toolbar After that the information window opens it contain information about number of images adjusted using exterior orientation parameters ME If a project contains measured tie points their relative orientation is performed automatically 2 Perform accuracy control of imported exterior orientation parameters 3 Depending on quality of imported exterior orientation parameters perform one of the following steps e if the exterior orientation parameters are precise enough pass to project pro cessing to stereovectorization DEM generation and orthomosaic creation e otherwise perform steps of tie and GC points
19. Z axes RMS e missed field during import All objects are saved using the same template Each line of a file contains the same number of fields that equals to number of fields in template Lines which does not correspond to the template are skipped To all vertexes two for 2D objects import or three coordinates are specified 134 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation In order to setup active template perform one of the following actions e drag afield name from the Available fields list to the Preview file table column After that the template in the Line template field is changed To cancel a field selection double click the Preview file table column e change a template manually in the Line template field After that column types in the Preview file table will be changed automatically The f button is used to return to default template Name X Y Z The button is used to compare the Line template field with data shown in the Preview file table Active template corresponds only lines shown in the Preview file table The Jt button is used to replace specified fields names with fields names from the first line of the Preview file table It is possible to specify any names for vectors import lt lt For import of laser scanning data the field names from the list of available names are specified 135 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation Import GCP catalogue Og x C import export gcp_infomap cs
20. button specify a filename and its placement out of active profile re sources optional In order to setup a list of fields to be exported to CSV file set the following checkboxes e Image code stated name of image e Image name a name of image 164 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation e Time precise time from GPS receiver e XYZ values of projection centers coordinates in meters e XYZ type type of projection centers coordinates e XYZ std dev RMS error of projection centers coordinates in meters e Omega phi kappa angles values of exterior orientation angles in degrees Angles type type of exterior orientation angles e Angles std dev RMS error of exterior orientation angles To perform export of all fields click the Select all button To clear all checkboxes click the Unselect all button To perform export of just fields with images numbers projection centers coordinates and exterior orientation angles click the Name XYZ angles button 6 optional To change file names with ori and csv extensions all at once set the Synchronize file names checkbox After that when one file name is changed with ori extension for instance file with csv extension will be renamed automatically 7 optional To swap X and Y coordinates set the Swap X Y checkbox ME If the Swap X Y checkbox is cleared the data is exported in the right coordinate system Otherwise in the left co
21. displays a number of inter strip stereopairs for each pair of adjacent strips and presence of measurement errors during relative ori entation operation e The inter strip stereopairs table contains the following columns o the first column is used to edit points measurements and allows to open the Points measurement module and to open automatically at the same time images of inter strip stereopair selected in the table MES After the editing is completed and the Points measurement is closed click the Refresh hyperlink in the report to re calculate relative orientation and refresh the report 117 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation o the Stereopair column is used to display names of images of each inter strip ste reopair After clicking the inter strip stereopair link the detailed report on selected stereopair measurements is opened see the Section 6 9 4 o the Number of points column is used to display a number of points measured on inter strip stereopair o the Vertical parallax column is used to display a value of vertical parallax for all measurements on a inter strip stereopair RMS mean abs and maximal error considering threshold parameters error type and measurement units specified in the threshold parameters o the Discrepancy of kappa angle column is used to display a value of kappa angles difference calculated using block scheme between images o the Distribution uniformity column is used to display data a
22. if corresponding parameters are specified in the Relative orientation report settings window 6 9 6 The triplet measurements section Relative orientation report provides possibility to view a detailed report on selected triplet A detailed report for a triplet is used to view and perform accuracy control of measurements in triplet by tie points errors In order to view a detailed report on selected triplet click the triplet link in the triplets table of the Inter strip measurements section of the report see the Section 6 9 3 Report mie x Triplet R10 _S05 R10_S06 R10_S07 See also relative orientation report Back Refresh Report parameters Number of triplet points 22 Tie Residuals Point Ex pix Ey pix Bz Rie Exy pix zz Limit max 1 414 1 414 2 828 1 414 E 51 0 178 0 834 1 238 0 853 o 72 0 140 0 170 1 476 0 220 162 0 030 0 921 0 927 0 921 46 0 202 0 231 1 239 0 307 p bo 0 126 0 197 1 223 0 234 161 0 161 0 487 1 016 0 513 o 142 0 156 0 067 1 105 0 170 157 0 067 0 256 0 985 0 265 ad 0 012 0 280 0 770 0 280 140 0 005 0 066 0 616 0 066 p 114 0 046 0 289 0 479 0 293 Fig 70 Detailed report for selected triplet Detailed report on selected triplet includes the following data e hyperlinks of detailed report o Relative orientation report the link is used to return to
23. movement parameters specified in the Points measurements settings window 93 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Correlation coefficient gt or Correlation threshold for points measurement lt Correlation threshold for points measurement and gt OF Correlation threshold for marker movement lt Correlation threshold for marker movement Not calculated Ye 4 Aerial triangulation THEN marker is moved to corresponding point of active image new tie point is ADDED to active image the Image column is checked marker is moved to corresponding point of active image new tie point is NOT ADDED to active image the Image column is not checked marker is not moved on active image new tie point is NOT ADDED to active image the Image column is not checked Correlation coefficient is displayed in red color The Bad point warning is displayed Fig 54 Adding a point depending on degree of images correlation F When adding a new tie point the panel with the Code and Name fields is of yellow color when editing existing point it is green 7 Make a decision about adding of new tie point To add a point set checkboxes next to selected images in the list and click OK otherwise click the Cancel button e to correlate all opened image with the left image in order to add a tie point perform the following actions 1 Choose and open images to measure tie points coordinates 2 Choose the le
24. point with measurements on multiple images it will be excluded both by GCP and by tie allows to assign numeric names to highlighted points to rename points allows to perform import of triangulation points from PAT B X Points and from PHOTOMOD 4 x allows to perform export of triangulation points to PAT B and X Points PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation allows to open the Point properties window used to display name type code and coordinates of se lected point allows to display point selected in a list on images is duplicated by mouse double click on the point in a list see the Section 5 3 allows to setup accuracy control parameters and to open relative orientation report allows to display all triangulation points in a list in cluding non measured GCP check points allows to display all points on opened images in the Points measurement module This filter is applied both to records in the list and to points display on images in the Points measurement module The title of the Triangulation points window displays number of points selected after filtration dl allows to display only common points on opened images This filter is applied both to records in the list and to points display on images in the Points measurement module The title of the Triangula tion points window displays number of points se lected after filtration allows to display values of Y parallax and triplet re siduals for points in the li
25. s Marker QuickTies O Block scheme Raster 4 b mj o r Imj jlman 6507 200000 m 9814 300000 m 86 666667 m AekapTtosa npasaa Fig 6 Manual images linking quick ties To create quick ties between images perform the following actions 1 Choose Orientation gt QuickTies gt Edit or click the Edit button in the Block layout window The Quickties active layer is created in the Manager 2 Draw edit quick tie lines between block images in the following way to add a link place marker to selected terrain point on one image and press the Insert key then place marker to corresponding terrain point on another image appeared rubber line is stick to the first selected point and press the Insert key Set links are displayed in 2D window by turquoise lines to cancel link line when the first point is already specified press the Esc key and the rubber line will disappear to delete link line select it by double click or place marker in the neighborhood of the link line and press the S key link line becomes yellow and press the Delete key To delete multiple link lines press and hold the Shift key while dragging a rectangular by mouse over the area where lines are located rectangular selection mode should be on more details see in the Vector objects selection chapter in the Vectorization User Manual to delete all quick ties choose Orientation gt QuickTies gt Clear 18 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial t
26. 0911 V 0938 V 1011 V 1039 V 1104 V OT31 4969403 12 4971037 27 4970140 52 4966867 5 4970710 75 4970281 38 4972965 65 4970639 77 4969846 16 4970211 49 V OT34 4969470 39 6444320 64 6444373 22 6443595 94 6444567 54 6444342 65 6444471 62 6443051 46 6442967 2 6442931 37 6442953 4 6442963 69 Std dev X m 134 84 0 2 129 63 0 2 129 CZ 130 34 0 2 139 1 0 2 130 59 0 2 172 22 0 2 180 83 0 2 146 18 0 2 160 92 0 2 132 14 0 2 Std dev Y m Std dev Z m s _ Fig 76 Selecting GCP to be added to the list Aerial triangulation 16 Select points to be imported using checkboxes and or standard selection tools Click OK After that coordinates of GC points with set checkboxes will be loaded in the end of the GCP list F checkboxes are selected to be added F 7 6 Measurement of GCP coordinates If in the Points with existing names section the Skip parameter is selected then only new GCP are selected for adding by default if the Replace parameter is selected all GCP If RMS of X Y Z coordinates was not imported or is absent in GCP file then default value of RMS for all coordinates is 0 2 meters After completing of GCP coordinates input it is possible to measure these GCP on block images in the Points measurement module In order to measure GC point coordinates perform the following actions 1 Open the Triangulation points window on the GCP list tab 2 Select GC point
27. 106 0010 106 0000 575 000 381 000 0 092 0 072 0 117 0 0023 0 0018 0 0029 106 0020 105 9980 568 557 8858 924 0 092 0 072 0 117 0 0023 0 0018 0 0029 106 0000 105 9990 9047 000 8865 000 0 092 0 072 0 117 0 0023 0 0018 0 0029 i pee Close Fig 33 Report on interior orientation of digital camera image Toolbar in upper part of interior orientation report contains the following buttons Backspace allows to go back to previous view F5 allows to refresh a report after change of the report parameters 4 Ctri F allows to perform data search in a report by keyword or its part allows to save a report to HTML file in any folder out of active profile resources allows to save a report to HIT ML file in active profile resources amp allows to print a report Ki Ctri P allows to open print preview window 4 6 Interior orientation control Prior to perform aerial triangulation it is necessary to make interior images orientation During interior orientation in some cases radially directed systematic errors occur 55 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation Also when execute images interior orientation in some cases errors occur because of incorrectly specified focal length or due to incorrect distortion considering In order to determine the presence of such errors it is necessary to perform block adjustment using GCP and
28. 130 970 Ground Control 736273 122000 259010 329000 581 178000 736273 075713 259010 187903 581 042747 0 046287 0 141097 0 135253 139 l Tie 3 737216 832632 258832 535209 589 197761 145 10 Tie E 737962 891111 259211 058660 602 333209 215 100 Tie f 736020 316770 258043 722421 600 084117 2 7365463 757318 _ 259039 477436 217 103 Tie z 736122 096519 258773 470543 571 847179 218104 Tie 736151 952883 259174096540 580 268964 xj Refresh Fig 73 The Triangulation points window The Triangulation points window contains the toolbar with buttons used to perform the following operations e allows to set on off the filter of triangulation points display TE allows to setup the filter of triangulation points display e gfe allows to display all selected on a block scheme points in the table h is used to search for an image by name part of name e 1_ allows to display GC tie points with initial coordinates see the Aerial triangulation User Manual K allows to display triangulation points with coordinates obtained after adjustment e allows to display only errors For refreshing data about project state after changes the Refresh button is used The list of triangulation points is a table with the following columns 132 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation e Code an object code e Name image name e Type displays points type tie
29. 2 1 64 2027 1294 10190 4381 75 1468 mm 95 8740 mm o oo dce EEEE x MQ90QM E 4584716 xX QQEMe 484 4 xX A lt gt amp 2 oF gt We Fea Sam 10 x OK Cancel 0 923 0 485 Apply 0 959 0 266 0 951 0 455 2 4 2 19 9 Te 4 2 0 886 0 357 4 2 2 1 0 976 0 145 xi Fig 95 The Points measurement module 8 3 Triangulation points display in 2D window To display triangulation points in 2D window or on a block scheme or on a stereopair perform the following actions 1 Choose Orientation gt Load triangulation points or click the button The Triangulation points layer appears in the Manager Triangulation points are shown in 2D window and the Triangulation points display options window opens 172 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation Triangulation points display options Mode georeferenced block scheme lt Sate ap Wit Measurements a A mY Z Source coordinates Woo A XW Adjusted coordinates a ax oa A XW 2 Block scheme position Sat an A kW i V Error vectors Point size 5 v pix Fig 96 Settings of points display in 2D window 2 Setup parameters and modes of triangulation points display in 2D window All changes in window settings are automatically displaying in 2D window IE In order to open the Triangulation points display options after their loading once more choose Window gt Triangulatio
30. 2 Aerial triangulation To setup symbols and filter usage for points display the system provides the following buttons e fs allows to choose symbols for triangulation points of different types and allow to apply the first button and setup the second one filter used to display points of selected types only see the Section 8 5 A The filter settings are not saved for next module sessions The system provides the following modes to setup display of each type of points position e do not display points e points are displayed as small squares which size is specified by the Point size parameter e 4 points are displayed using symbols which are setup using the Sa button MES In the stereopair mode small arrows are added in addition to the main symbol to indicate connection with adjacent images Besides for each points type the system allows the following modes of additional in formation display e 4 allows to hide show points names e _ allows to hide show XY coordinates e allows to hide show Z coordinates this mode is unavailable for the Measure ments and Block scheme position points display modes Moreover the system allows to display error vectors between point measurements on block images and position of this point in source adjusted or averaged coordinates To do this set the Error vectors checkbox MES Error vectors between measured and source point s p
31. 221829 1oo v4 198021 194675 sepali 197998 199300 200945 eQO044 eesaey 189910 187109 223979 Fig 112 Sample of file with adjusted geodetic coordinates of points 9 5 3 Format of file containing measurements of points coordinates on images File with mea txt or csv extension containing measurements of points coordinates on images is a table The table includes sections of the same format each of them corresponds to individual image of a block The first line of each section has the following structure Image number image focal length 0 The second and successive lines contain a table of points Point number name X Y where X Y points coordinates relative to image principal point in mm or mcm IE In some cases the file contains point coordinates relative to reference point of camera coordinate system in mm mcm or pixels 197 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation Fields delimiter is space or multiple spaces The end of each section is marked by a line with 99 number P InfoMap Newgen mea BNOKHOT l O x tain Opaska opmar Bha Cnpabka ROG Se 143406 0556 94 575 0911 2800 2 aLe 8748 rel 89702 La 555534 16 rolgz I5 7 080 20 35020 26 54 54 Wag ees 2B I1L Ls 2g TOo400 30 EGOEREI wal 99825 Nee 8023 a5 POOoe Mao 16859 a an O GI W D E w ee e a an a a e d Ae ROG S86 143406 0911 95919 O908 14496 gogg 47900 Le
32. 86365 16 4603 Le 4360249 18 8485049 s14 aBl33 2D 41678 AL 5980 wad 69950 a 844 67 ar e814 2B 8302 2 LS PA M i PG a E D e d D O e O O amp RO oy bb E E oh A oy Pe WO on WO a oh Fig 113 Sample of file with measurements of points coordinates on images 10 Number of points recommended for adjustment of scanner block There are some recommendations about number of GCP and check points used for different methods adjustment of images included to scanner mono stereoblocks Es For space scanner images it is possible to use only XYZ GCP with X Y Z coordinates 198 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Ground control points Check points Tie points Aerial triangulation Rigorous method Monoblock FORMOSAT 2 EROS A B KOMPSAT 2 4 6 SPOT 1 4 veer TERRA ASTER mage SPOT 5 4 Resours DK 6 3 4 points in double overlap area Stereoblock KOMPSAT 2 SPOT 1 4 pl 46 TERRA ASTE 3 4 points in quadruple overlap area Fig 114 Number of points recommended for adjustment of scanner block by rigorous method measure several points in this area Number of GCP could be decreased due to tie points measured in triple or quadruple overlap MES If a monoblock contains images with triple or quadruple overlap area it is recommended to 199 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Monoblock QuickBird OrbView 3 WorldView 1 4 4 per image Ground control points 4 5 Cartosat 1 IRS pa
33. 97 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 gt or Correlation threshold for points measurement lt Correlation threshold for points measurement and gt or Aerial triangulation THEN marker is moved to corresponding point of active image new tie point is ADDED to active image the Image column is checked marker is moved to corresponding point of active image new tie point is NOT ADDED to active image the Image column is not checked Correlation threshold for marker movement marker is not moved on active image new tie point is NOT ADDED to active image the Image column is not checked Correlation coefficient is displayed in red color lt Correlation threshold for marker movement Correlation coefficient The Bad point warning is displayed Not calculated 4 4 Fig 58 Adding a point depending on degree of images correlation 6 6 Editing of tie points The system allows to edit tie points and to change points type in a list To change points position highlight it using one of the following ways e choose Orientation gt Tie points list or click the button of the AT additional toolbar The Triangulation points window opens Select a point to be edited in the table by double mouse click e inthe image window of the Points measurement module double click a point s area e in the Triangulation points window of the Points measurement module select a point to be edited by mouse double clic
34. Distributed measurement of tie points Maximum number of tasks for this project fo Number of tasks to create fb s aa Fig 45 Parameters of distributed measurement of tie points in automatic mode 2 Specify the Number of tasks to create which will be processed on one com puter See the description of distributed processing setup in the General inform ation User Manual 3 Click OK to go back to previous window 5 Click the Start button in the Automatic tie points measurement window to start operation of automatic measurement of points coordinates 6 Open the relative orientation report to view results of relative orientation operation and to fix measurement errors 6 3 3 Main parameters of tie points measurement The Automatic tie points measurement window allows to use presets for tie points coordinates measurement for airborne and UAS images or to manually select optimal combinations of main and additional parameters used for automatic tie points search measurement and filtering Open the Automatic tie points measurement window using one of the following ways e choose Orientation gt Automatic tie points measurement e click the button of the main system toolbar e click the F button of the AT additional toolbar 78 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation Automatic Tie Point Measurement WE Eloo ae CE be Bt amp ely Tasks Name GEE Gah Oo J Wil v Measure tie poi
35. Report parameters and output The system allows to view the results of relative orientation operation after measurement of tie points coordinates To view and analyze the data and control accuracy of relative orientation the system allows to generate a report that is formed considering specified parameters of accuracy control residuals threshold and data output format Relative orientation and accuracy control includes the following steps e accuracy control for measurements on stereopairs using residual vertical parallaxes e accuracy control for measurements in triple overlap zones using discrepancies in tie points measurements taken on two adjacent stereopairs models e control of tie points number and uniformity of their distribution on stereopairs and in triplets e control of difference between kappa angle and a block scheme Itis possible to view the relative orientation report in the Automatic tie point measure ment Triangulation points windows and in the Points measurement module after clicking the E button Prior to the report appearing the Relative orientation report settings window opens When the report is opened from the Points measurement module the Relative orient ation report settings window is not opened and the report is shown only for images opened in the module considering previously set or default parameters To view and edit the parameters it is possible to use the link in the report window Report parameters
36. Search for points Correlator Rejection Miscellaneous IV Preliminary filtering with detection of trusted points group V Delete all tie points if after Filtering number of them left is less than 7 V Delete measurements on non adjacent images V Delete single points 7 Delete points with correlation below threshold Delete points surplus Check correlation for measurements transferred from other stereopairs In strip Between strips 7 X parallax clipping o o o o Check by reverse stereopair OK Cancel Fig 50 Filtering parameters The Rejection tab is used to setup filtering parameters of points found and contains the following options e Preliminary filtering with detection of trusted points group is used to preliminary filtering of blunders that do not allow calculate correctly angular elements of relative orientation see the parameters of trusted points group on the Miscellaneous tab e Delete all tie points if after filtering number of them left is less then specified number allows to delete all tie points on a stereopair acquired during operation of automatic measurement of points coordinates if after their filtering their number is not sufficient to perform correct relative orientation e Delete measurements on non adjacent images allows to filter potentially erroneous points measured on non adjacent images inside a strip MES To measure tie points for UAS images in two steps it is reco
37. Triangulation points window toolbar and select Export to X Points The Export measurements to X Points format window opens Triangulation points total 154 visible 154 a GCP list Ax All triangulation points AA i XV VAM D oe B v PS pix mm g OK 0556 C import export InfoMap_copy x points 0906 JV Export selected points only cect _ Ground Control 1 6 1010 Ground Control 1 1 OT31 Ground Control OT3 Ground C 1 1 0 979 EAE CS EO SR De E Fig 108 Export selected triangulation points to X Points file format 4 Click the _ button specify filename and its location out of active profile resources 5 Set the Export selected points only checkbox if it is not set automatically 6 Click OK to perform export of selected points 9 3 3 Export of triangulation points to CSV The system provides possibility of triangulation points export from the current project to a file with csv or txt extension To export triangulation points of current project perform the following actions 1 Click the drop down arrow next to the Em button of the Triangulation points window toolbar and select Save active view as CSV The Save window opens 2 Define a filename and its location out of active profile resources 3 Click Save to export triangulation points to specified file 9 4 Export points to Geomosaic 9 4 1 Export of project tie points to Geomosaic T
38. allows to open the Load settings window used to load a set of parameters from x ini file located out of active profile resources o Reset settings to defaults allows to use default settings o UAS allows to load preset of parameters optimally selected for UAS images 80 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation 7B EB KE ol of Be Ge BE Ree eo AW 2 Tasks MV R10_505 ee W R10_506 V R10_S07 Iv Iv Measure tie points in stereopairs BM1 Iv Transfer tie points EROS 537 V R09_586 Iv V Filter tie points by relative orientation V ROG S85 E Filter tie points by adjustment results Set up Iv Report on relative orientation on completion Parameters Points per stereopair fiso 4 so 4 Correlation threshold feo v feo v 2 0 4 Maximum vertical parallax J Maximum error in triplets i in XY plane 3 0 s a Measure points by zones Filter points by zones More Distributed processing Fig 47 Example set of basic parameters for the UAS ME During tie points measurement for UAS images it is recommended to perform search in two steps on the first one search for tie points only inside strips on the second step just between strips at that it is not recommended to use the Transfer tie points option l used to save setting of main and additional parameters to a file with x ini extens
39. and for overexposure due to cloudiness 88 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation e Pyramid level for preliminary search only for central projection images allows to choose an image pyramid level used to preliminary search of points If the checkbox is set on preliminary search is performed by source image e Fixed search sequence allows to obtain the same results of automatic measure ment of tie points coordinates during multiple runs of the operation with the same initial parameters e Use automatic block layout results allows to use the block layout results automat ically created for UAS images IE If the automatically generated block layout is available then during automatic measurement of tie points coordinates information from current block scheme is not used and the Search the whole images area parameter is also ignored The default search parameters are used only considering data of automatic block layout e The Points per stereopair parameter influences on the Points per stereopair parameters located in the Automatic tie point measurement window and allows to select the following number of points o Points to add per session values specified in the main window that mean a number of new points which will be added to already measured ones o Target number of points on a stereopair values specified in the main window that define total points number gt The resulting number of measured points m
40. cameras Aerial triangulation Camera Camera type Point of origin Digital Film i g In image center B a Show digital camera parameters in mm pix C In lower left corner B pE Focal length mm 54 9950 Calibration date Principal point mm Description x 1 0 2430 Pixel size micron y 10 2440 x 9 000 y 9 000 Sensor size pix optional z MDistortion Radial 2 0000 3 0000 4 0000 5 0000 6 0000 7 0000 8 0000 9 0000 10 0000 a el E 10 Point of symmetry zero distortion mm x 0 2430 ie 0 2440 To principal point 0 022 0 180 0 607 1 441 2 833 4 897 7 703 11 589 16 571 22 747 ior 4 a am Fig 16 Parameters of digital camera by the example of DSS camera In the Camera type section set the Digital option When entering characteristics of a digital camera principal point coordinates focal length and point symmetry zero distortion are defined in mm and pixel size and value of distortion optional In order to change units of digital camera parameters in the Show digital camera parameters in section choose millimeters or pixels It is not recommended to change units of digital camera parameters repeatedly since it A may cause insignificant loss of accuracy Recalculation is made by using the Pixel size lt lt During save of camera parameters the data is saved in the
41. contains measurements data inside each strip and includes the following columns o the Strips column is used to display a strip name in block o the Images column is used to display names of the first and the last images in a strip o the Total column is used to display a number of stereopairs triplets in each strip 114 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation o the Complete column is used to display a number of stereopairs triplets with per formed relative orientation with errors within specified thresholds o the Residuals column is used to display a number of stereopairs triplets with errors exceeding specified thresholds o the Not complete column is used to display a number of stereopairs triplets for which relative orientation is not performed Yellow color highlight is used if relative orientation inside a strip is performed with errors Strips where there is no relative orientation results are highlighted by red color e Table of stereopairs contains points measurements data on stereopairs for each strip and includes the following columns o the first column is used for points measurements editing and allows to open the Points measurement module with images of stereopair selected in the table ME When editing is completed and the Points measurement module is closed click the Refresh link in the report to re calculate relative orientation and refresh the report o the Stereopair column is used to display names of imag
42. data are restored during next module session but removed from memory during log off from the system Prior to use georeferenced maps and DEM briefly maps perform the following actions 1 Prepare the input data in the following way e for raster data specify a folder out of active profile resources to place a raster format file TIFF JPEG BMP IMG PNG NTF GIF PIX JP2 DEM and georeference file with the same name see the Section 7 7 5 e for vector data and DEM perform their import to files of interior format of the system x data and x dem correspondingly and save them to the folder in active profile resources See a description of the vector data and DEM import in the Vectorization User Manual 2 Open the Points measurement module 3 Click the button of the top module toolbar The Map window opens In the working area of the Map window the data loaded during work in 2D window is dis played 4 optional Click the lJ button to display a list of layers and to manage them 5 Load georeferenced map To load a raster map to a project perform the following actions 1 Click the 23 button The Loading images window opens 145 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 2 Selecta raster map file and click the Open button The Load georeferenced images window opens 3 optional Re calculate coordinate system of the raster map to bring it in correspond ence with the project coordinate system If there is a background color on the
43. display ccccceceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaes 170 8 2 Points display in the Points measurement module cccccececeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaeeeeees 171 8 3 Triangulation points display in 2D WINdOW cccccceececeeeeeeeeceeeeeeaeeeeeeeaeeeeeeeeaeaeeeeaes 172 8 4 Symbols of triangulation points cece cece cee ee eee ee eee ee eee cess eseeeeeeeeeaeeeeeeseeaeaeeeeaeeeees 175 ee POMS MIGI cages Stites esos Soe ce aaa E oe eee dda reece ae 176 8 6 Triangulation PointS Celetion ccccceccccecececeeeececseeecesecsceeeeseseceeaesesecseaeeesesseutansenes 179 Daa IMPOR AMG OX POR seas sats hottest a aa a Sen a unease ede etna 183 9 1 Import OF WhanQUIATION PONS sic eccas Soman aa e E EE a A antes ila Ei 183 9 1 1 Import of triangulation points from PAT B c cece cece ec eceeeee ea eeeeeeeeaeeeeeeeeneas 183 9 1 2 Import of triangulation points from X POINES cc cece ec eea ec ec seca eceeeeeeaeaeeeeeneas 185 9 1 3 Import of triangulation points from PHOTOMOD 4 x XPT ccc ce cee ec eee eeeeeen ees 186 9 2 IMPOR MONINE TNS iis te2isics petal ce tdnada lash ematceMednededaessu saunas tae saleable reas E N 187 9 3 EXPONO angulation PONS uaira a ae es oes le a oeeee E AR 191 9 3 1 Export of triangulation points to PAT B ccc cc cccec ec ee ea eceeeeeeaeceeeeeeaeaeeeseeneas 191 9 3 2 Export of triangulation points to X POINHS ccccc cece sec
44. e Contrast point search area pix allows to search tie points in areas with maximal contrast on images with clear objects outlines lt lt In some cases it is reasonable to measure points in areas with low contrast for example when forested areas have maximal contrast and in these areas correlator s errors are very probable In this case the Contrast point search area value should be set to 0 84 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation e Tries per point number of tries of matching point search with correlation coefficient value that exceeds specified in the search area e Multipass points search allows to perform points search and filtering on stereopairs in multiple passes with help of different algorithms It is applied in case of insufficient quality of the block layout when real relative rotation of images relative to each other is sufficiently big A For multipass points search it is recommended to set correlation threshold high enough for example 95 It is recommended to use multipass points search for UAS images e Search the whole images area allows to specify images pairs to search points ad jacent images in each strip and or non adjacent pairs of images in a strip and inter strip pairs of images Tie point measurement parameters Iof x Search For points Correlator Rejection Miscellaneous Correlation matrix half size Do not use image border area x 2 of width D fiz of hei
45. each strip is adjusted individually with subblock selection 7 Images exterior orientation 7 1 GCP adding and measurement their coordinates Aerial triangulation workflow provides for defining parameters of block exterior orientation after images relative orientation Measurement of GC point coordinates means adding of known terrain point coordinates to GC points list and measurement of its pixel coordinates on image GC point is a terrain point with Known geodetic coordinates which is a source point for photogrammetric measurements Adding and measurement of GC points coordinates on block images in the system allow to calculate exterior orientation parameters of images block when metadata with exter ior orientation parameters obtained from a provider is not available A Generally adding and measurement of GC points coordinates is performed on a step of tie points coordinates measurement and relative orientation Then it is necessary to adjust a block and calculate exterior orientation parameters After that project images block is fully prepared for further processing including stereo vectorization DEM and orthomosaic generation If the GC points coordinates data is unavailable at the time of data collection for aerial triangulation procedure the system provides possibility to adjust a block in a free model without GC points that allows to proceed to project processing step directly see the Block adjustment User Manua
46. ecee eee eaeceeeeeeaeeeeeeeneaeees 192 9 3 3 Export of triangulation points to CSV 0 0 cccccc cece ec ec eee eaeceeeeeeaeeeseeneaeeeeeeeneas 193 9 4 EXPOR DOMS TO KSC OMIOS al Caisse a ast oie Les cle estonia A octane oad as em edna eet 193 9 4 1 Export of project tie points to GEOMOSAIC ccc cc cecec ee eea ec eceeeeeeceeeeeeneseeeseeneas 193 9 4 2 Export of project GC points to GEOMOSAIC cece ccc cc ec ec eee eaeceeeeeeaeeeeeeeeaeaeees 194 9 5 Supported formats for import ANd export cece ccc ec cece cece ee eceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaeeeeeeeeaeaeeeeees 195 9 91 2 Foma OE FPAT B Mle tenia taica 8 E eae ile aes re ate Nowa e ed ete E 195 9 5 2 Format of file containing points geodetic coordinates cccecceceeeeeeeeeeeeneeeees 196 9 5 3 Format of file containing measurements of points coordinates on images 197 10 Number of points recommended for adjustment of scanner block ccccceceeeeceeeeneeeeaeeeees 198 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation 1 Purpose of the document This manual contains information on the implementation of the data collection phase for aerial triangulation workflow Aerial triangulation includes interior orientation of block images measurement of tie points coordinates on images relative orientation of block images as well as input of ground control points GCP coordinates to catalogue and measurement of these points coordinates images or their im
47. edges of the map specify the background color and define the color transparency 4 Click OK New raster layer appears in the Layers manager and loaded raster map is displayed in the Map window working area To load a DEM to a project perform the following actions 1 Click the button The Open window opens Aerial triangulation 2 Select DEM file in active profile resources and click the Open button 3 New DEM layer appears in the Layers manager and loaded DEM is displayed in the Map window working area To load a vector map to a project perform the following actions 1 Click the amp button The Open window opens Open S xle pilata fe backup classifier I dem i Ge demi i fo k MaTpHua BbICOT i pe mosaic i sheets i Images i Locks H ProjOptions cae InfoMap_Images InfoMap_Roma iE Tafa hiamn CALM Open read only For different coordinate systems transforms via pixel coordinates geodetical coordinates classifier dem mosaic sheets all_class_rsc2000 x data ascii a x data autoseam_Inpho x data 10 14 MB 8 34 MB 105 50 KB del_lines_pickets x data 2 85 MB delme x data 32 50 KB lines_pickets x data 2 85 MB pickets_copy x data 2 85 MB Pte v data 54 90 KR 28 01 2014 1 23 08 2011 1 30 01 2014 1 23 08 2011 1 23 08 2011 1 07 12 2010 15 06 05 2010 11 06 04 2010 14 08 09 2011 10 24 08 2011 23 23 03 2010
48. formats to specify a type of imported file e PAT B matrix file containing coordinates of projection centers and rotation matrices see Section 9 5 1 optional If the PAT B file contains exterior orientation parameters calculated for negative plane set the Negative checkbox and pass to the step 10 160 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation e CSV projection centers Omega Phi Kappa angles and GPS time file containing coordinates of projection centers in any coordinate system as well as exterior orientation parameters and precise time from GPS receiver CSV format is exchange text format with csv extension which is supported by major applications in different industries It is used as exchange format when special geospatial data formats are not applicable for some reason e CSV navigation data latitude longitude altitude WGS 84 heading pitch roll angles and time file containing navigation data latitude longitude set in de grees altitude in meters angles in degrees radians or gons and precise time from GPS receiver f To perform import of exterior orientation parameters it is necessary that a project is in coordinate system consistent with WGS 84 coordinate system e CSV navigation data projection centers in working c s heading pitch roll angles and time file containing navigation data coordinates of projection centers in project coordinate system angles in degrees radians or gons and pre
49. if tie points coordinates were measured using correlator see the Sec tion 6 4 e working area used to display image and its name in the upper left part e the status bar with the following information o image zoom ratio marker position coordinates in pix and mm 66 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation o coefficient of image correlation with the left image if tie points coordinates were measured using correlator auto correlation coefficient is displayed in the status bar of the left image o the icon used to display additional information about image IE Move the mouse to the Zlicon to view pop up window with data about image size and rotation angle number of measured points and coordinates of marker position on image e right click menu In the upper left corner of the image window the image name is shown for all images For scanner space images a sensor name and off nadir angle if any obtained from metadata are also shown in the upper right corner Q2aQQAEEA A SHES L Fig 39 Image window in the Points measurement module In order to perform color correction of an image to setup brightness contrast and gamma correction the Shift F8 shortcut is used The Ctrl F8 shortcut allows to show hide scroll bars in the active image window To move an image in the window the system provides the panoramic mode moving an image using mouse move along with pressed Alt key The system al
50. import of exterior orientation parameters from file e Split block into strips by EO data to split block images into strips using im ported exterior orientation parameters if all images were loaded to a single strip on a step of project creation e Create block layout by EO data to create block layout considering imported exterior orientation parameters e Adjust block based on imported EO data to perform block adjustment using imported exterior orientation parameters e Rotate images in block scheme by block layout to re create a block scheme in 2D window using block layout no HakugHomy mMOHTaxy this checkbox is available if the Create block layout by EO data is set 15 Click the Execute button After that the exterior orientation parameters are imported to the list of exterior orientation parameters 16 Estimate accuracy of imported exterior orientation parameters by block layout by measured GC points coordinates and or by values of vertical parallax during measurement of coordinates of multiple tie points 7 8 2 Export of exterior orientation parameters The system provides possibility to perform export of list of source exterior orientation parameters and adjustment results to PAT B and CSV formats In order to export exterior orientation parameters from a project perform the following actions 1 Choose Orientation gt Import exterior orientation or click the button in the Exterior orientation parameters
51. in 2D window Table 9 The Exterior orientation parameters toolbar allows to turn on off the editing mode of the table data data shown in the Code and Name columns are not editable allows to perform a search in the table for image by its name Ctrl F allows to delete highlighted rows from the table allows to delete all data from the table allows to import a list of exterior orientation paramet ers from text file is used to export the list of exterior orientation parameters to text files with csv and txt exten sion allows to swap X and Y coordinates of projection centers for selected all images in the table is used to change coordinate system for selected all images in the table 127 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation allows to make exterior orientation parameters angles and or projection centers of images selec ted in the table GCP allows to make exterior orientation parameters angles and or projection centers of images selec ted in the table check allows make exterior orientation parameters angles and or projection centers of images selected in the table excluded Hv allows to include all three coordinates X Y Z of projection centers for selected images in the table if some coordinates were excluded By allows to exclude Z coordinate of projection centers for selected images in the table for points with XY coordinates allows to exclude X Y coordinates of projection centers f
52. interior orientation window The first column contains links that allow to open selected image in the Interior orientation window to edit fiducial marks measurements The mages column contains links names of images that allow to pass to detailed report about interior orientation of selected image lt lt Red color is used to mark images strips for which interior orientation is not performed yellow color is used for images strips for which interior orientation is performed incorrectly or incompletely i e with residuals exceeding a threshold value and also when not all fiducial marks are measured Residuals themselves also appear in red The figure below displays an example of interior orientation which is not satisfactory under the following conditions and with the following data threshold value for mean module 0 2 pix coordinates of one of the marks on image of the 9 th strip are not measured and coordinates of all marks of one of images of the 10 th strip are not measured 50 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation Report REE 4 ABi6a Interior Orientation Report z Back Refresh Report parameters Block Statistics Project InfoMap_copy Number of strips 2 selected for the report 2 Number of images 6 selected for the report 6 Report date 17 mapta 2014 r 12 03 59 Interior orientation Strips Images Number of selected images a Complete Errors Not complete a R10_S05 R10_S07 1 ROS_S67 ROS_S
53. is located on selected images In this case all measurements of selected points coordinates will be marked by red color on the graphic scheme o On selected images to delete measurements of selected points only on selected images If tie point have only one measurement out of selected images it will be also deleted Such single measurements are marked by yellow cross on the graphic scheme o only non adjacent and isolated to delete measurements of selected points on non adjacent images as well as isolated measurements including inter strip ones that have no ties inside strip e Delete measurements for points with coordinates o measurements only used to delete only coordinates measurements of se lected points o points completely used to delete selected points completely along with their measurements and records shown in the catalogue of the Triangulation points window for GCP check excluded GC points 4 Click OK The system shows warning with request for deletion and with information about number of points to be deleted Click the Yes button to delete selected points and the No button to go back to the Delete points measurements window or the Cancel button to close the window and cancel points deleting After operation completion the system shows detailed information about deleted points 9 Data import and export 9 1 Import of triangulation points 9 1 1 Import of triangulation points from
54. kind of works was performed and contains a toolbar which allows to perform adjust results of each processing step IE Buttons of the Project state window toolbar are the same as buttons of the AT additional toolbar and some of them duplicate items of the Orientation menu Completed aerial triangulation is marked by the symbol partly performed dil not performed gt Project state Fa Images 6 strips 2 amp BB rf Vv Interior orientation pE 4 fa Relative orientation Ha at ig ox E X Exterior orientation ge cose Fig 2 Project state report The Project state window shows a project state on the following processing steps e block forming number of strips and images see the Project creation User Manual e interior orientation e relative orientation e exterior orientation see the Block adjustment User Manual For refreshing data about project state after changes the Refresh button is used 2 Interior orientation report 3 Relative orientation report 4 Block layout allows to perform visual control using block scheme created considering source or collected data for aerial triangulation overlap areas size quick ties data results of ties GCP measurement interior orientation data etc 3 Block layout 3 1 Data for block layout creation Block layout approximate terrain scheme further on block scheme obtained by coinciding images on adjacent overlapping are
55. measurement and Triangulation points windows is synchronized in the following way e when choosing a triangulation point on one of the images using mouse double click the system automatically starts search for selected point on the opened images of the module and search of appropriate point on the terrain if the point is not measured on the image Besides the point will be also automatically highlighted in the triangu lation points catalogue e when choosing a triangulation point in a catalogue using mouse click the point will be shown on opened images of the module automatically if the point is measured on these images and or a search of appropriate point on the terrain if the point is not measured on opened image when choosing a triangulation point in a catalogue using mouse click and by the Ek button or by double mouse click the system allows two ways of displaying depending on the Automatically choose images containing point mode see the Sec tion 5 2 o allimages where the point is measured are opened automatically if the Automat ically choose images containing point mode is turned off 58 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation o allimages where the point is measured and or could be measured marker is located to the place or probable measurement are opened automatically if the Automat ically choose images containing point mode is turned on filtering of display of different points types in catalogue and on ope
56. measurement and then block ad justment after that pass to project processing step To import exterior orientation parameters to a project perform the following actions 1 Choose Orientation gt Import exterior orientation or click the button in the Exterior orientation parameters window The Open window opens 2 Select a file containing exterior orientation parameters and click OK The Exterior orientation import Step 1 of 3 File window opens The File name input field displays selected file placement and name To select another file which contains exterior orientation parameters click the _ button 158 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Exterior orientation import Aerial triangulation Step 1 of 3 File File name c import export 12 txt nite J Loose matching of image names in file against names in project Match by record number PAT B matrix E Negative CSV projection centers Omega Phi Kappa angles and GPS time CS navigation data latitude longitude altitude WGS 84 heading pitch roll angles and time CS navigation data projection centers in working c s heading pitchjroll angles and time Line template Start import from line Preview maximum J Automatically validate template Available Fields Field separators J Comma Space Other E a E Tab I Semicolon Decimal separator Point only Point or comma Misc UTF 8 I Parse
57. mouse move mouse wheel rotation and actions of keyboard arrows Move step is changed from 0 1 to 20 of current screen pixel size which corresponds to current zoom level and is also setup using the following shortcuts Ctri 0 Ctrl 1 Ctri 9 Steering wheels are used for images rotation The left steering wheel is intended for both images rotation at once by clicking on the wheel field or entering rotation angle value into numeric field And the right wheel for right image rotation If it is necessary to restore the initial image position use double click on the numeric field 102 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation To display the panel used to adjust the image brightness contrast and gamma correction for a single image or both images of a stereopair use the Shift F8 shortcut The _ sliders are used to adjust a brightness contrast and gamma correction of a stereoimage Tools located in the right part allow to select left right or both images and also color channels which correction settings will be applied to It is possible to setup parameters for all channels at once if the amp button is pressed down otherwise the system allows to setup individual channel a 7 L jjj anje Fig 60 Panel used to adjust image brightness and contrast It is possible to setup parameters for both stereopair images at once if the amp button is pressed down otherwise separately for the right stereopair i
58. of exterior orientation rotation angles as follows a11 a21 a31 a12 a22 a32 a13 a23 a33 The matrix elements are calculated using the following formulas d cos cos x d gt cos K sin o sin cos sin x a3 cos K sin cos sin o sin x d sin K cos 195 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 a4 cos K cos sin sin o sin x az sin cos x cos sin o sin x di3 d3 d33 sin sin cos cos cos Fi tatal pat Notepad Eile Edit Format Help 825 0 000 597544 695 247926 763 1566 579 Aerial triangulation 0 647630244617 0 761943717777 0 0041033515426 0 7615545599 79 U 64 446090977 0 019720640725 0 012369334572 0 015897812125 0 999797106984 824 0 000 597368 692 248461 550 1580 238 0 664336693507 0 747128503700 0 021345657139 0 747116920044 0 664615547346 0 010123307074 0 021750067690 0 009222417269 0 999720901840 826 0 000 598299 412 247 403 933 1562 141 0 662368016290 0 749169469683 0 003703604970 0 749178167310 0 662364978392 0 002170029101 0 000827418675 0 004212017855 0 999990767100 823 0 000 596565 305 246961 693 1590 220 0 7018039185036 0 712291267626 0 010609005051 0 7 12368569606 0 701756676194 0 008280093983 0 001547103588 0 0133665525673 0 999909440395 827 0 000 596703 400 2465 7 490 1570 337 0 694060755136
59. on a block scheme or stereopair 8 4 Symbols of triangulation points To setup symbols for triangulation points the Symbols window is used It could be opened using one of the following ways the Ss button of the upper toolbar of the Points measurement module used to setup points display on opened images see the Section 5 e the Sa button of the Triangulation points display options window toolbar to setup points display on a block scheme on stereopair in 2D window see the Section 8 3 e the Symbols button of the Delete point measurements window used to configure display of points selected for deletion on graphical scheme see the Section 8 6 f No matter at what stage and in which system module the symbols are configured the symbols settings are stored and are valid for the entire system until the next their change 175 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation Symbols ile x i By coordinates Symbol shape xY point 2 point x Z point Symbol color GCP Check point Excluded point By ties Strip points Single point Point measured on one stereopair Point measured in triple or higher overlap amp Point measured on non adjacent images Point measured on a stereopair and non adjacent images Interstrip points Point measured on isolated images in strips Point measured on stereopairs Point measured on stereopairs and triplets Point measured on stereopairs and isolated images Point measured on st
60. option is specified Check for exceeding correlation threshold is applied only to new points if measured points are already available In order to check all points whether they exceed correlation threshold set the additional Delete points with correlation below threshold checkbox on the Rejection tab in the Tie point measurement parameters window of additional parameters It is possible to perform actions with tie points inside strips between strips or not perform at e Filter tie points by adjustment results allows to perform automatic block adjustment using specified parameters and to filter measured tie points after that e Points filtering using adjustment results is applied if there are blunders on images between strips The filtering is performed using residuals tolerance specified in the Adjustment parameters window see the Block adjustment User Manual e Report on relative orientation on completion allows to open the Relative orient ation report window automatically to view and edit tie points measurements just after completing of automatic relative orientation The Parameters section allows to make the following settings of automatic measurement of tie points coordinates e Points per stereopair allows to specify a number of points to be measured on in strip and inter strip stereopairs e F Resulting amount of measured points may be either greater than a predetermined amount because of points transfer
61. order to use distributed processing during automatic creation of block layout perform the following actions 1 Click the Distributed processing button The Automatic block layout window opens 19 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation Automatic block layout mej x Total number of stereopairs 27 Tasks number fi v Fig 8 Parameters of distributed processing of automatic block layout creation 2 Specify Tasks number which are processed by one computer Description of distributed processing setup see in the General User Manual Es It is recommended to specify not more than one task per computer A Both Instrip and Interstrip stereopairs are used during distributed processing re gardless of settings 3 Click OK to go back to previous window 6 Click OK After that the system will measure tie points created artificially specially to consider them for adjustment coordinates of the points are not saved Creation results are saved to Image Transforms x ini file in the project resources MES File with results of automatic block layout creation is used for automatic measurement of tie points MES If the operation of automatic block layout creation was interrupted its results will be also saved in the system 4 Images interior orientation 4 1 The Interior orientation menu To determine project cameras and to perform interior orientation of central projection images the system provides the following interface e
62. stereopair in the Points measurement module o Select stereopairs allows to select a stereopair on a block scheme in 2D window o Unselect stereopairs allows to unselect a stereopair on a block scheme in 2D window 119 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation o Unselect all allows to unselect all previously selected stereopairs information about number of measured tie points on a stereopair the Vertical parallax table contains the following columns o the first column is used to edit selected tie point and allows to open the Points measurement module and to open at the same time images of the stereopair automatically and place marker on selected point A After the point editing is completed and the Points measurement module is closed click the Refresh hyperlink in the report to re calculate relative orientation and refresh the report o the Point column displays names of tie points o the Number of points column is used to display a number of points measured on inter strip stereopair o the Image left column displays a value of vertical parallax residual on the left image of stereopair in mm and pix o the Image right column displays a value of vertical parallax residual on the right image of stereopair in mm and pix In the threshold row the threshold for vertical parallax residual is displayed in accord ance with specified value measurements units and residual type RMS Mean abs and max
63. the Excluded type for points without measurements 3 Complete input of GCP to the table and proceed to their coordinates measurement on images see the Section 7 6 lt lt For successful adjustment of central projection images block the coordinates of projection centers of the block images are used or at least three GC points which coordinates should be measured on at least two adjacent images of the block Information about recommended amount of GC points for blocks of scanner spaceborne images see in the Section 10 The toolbar of the GCP list tab is used to input import editing of GC points coordinates and also allows to open the module of GCP coordinates measurement on project images Table 10 Toolbar on the GCP list tab allows to search for GCP in the list using its name Ctri F allows to add a new GCP to the list allows to delete all GCP selected in the list allows to delete all GCP from the list including their measurements allows to import the GCP list from text file to the list 130 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation allows to export the GCP list from the list to text file allows to swap X and Y coordinates for selected all GCP in the list allows to re calculate the coordinate system for se lected all GCP in the list allows to consider all three X Y Z coordinates in case of XYZ GC points default parameter HYO allows to use XY GC points i e to exclude the Z coordinate of selected all poi
64. the Relief elevation section set minimal and maximal values of terrain elevation in the project Zmin Zmax in meters ME Relief elevation is automatically set equal to values specified in the project settings see the Project creation User Manual optional In the Precision std dev section change precision of a priori RMS of measurements of projection centers coordinates and exterior orientation angles optional In order to cancel automatic setting of the same precision by all axes clear the Uniform precision by all axes checkbox If import of exterior orientation parameters is performed using the Exterior orient ation parameters window then click the Execute button After that the exterior orientation parameters are imported to the list of exterior orientation parameters If import of exterior orientation parameters is performed using the Orientation gt Exterior orientation import menu item then click the Next button The Exterior orientation import Step 3 of 3 Additional actions window opens Step 3 of 3 Additional actions Split block into strips by EO data J Create block layout by EO data J Adjust block based on imported EO data J Rotate images in block scheme by block layout coon C s Fig 89 Exterior orientation import Step 3 162 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation 14 Select and set the following checkboxes to perform automatic execution of these actions just after
65. the _ button to perform loading of flight line file with cSv extension 3 optional To configure a template of imported file set the Show CSV parameters checkbox 4 TheLine template field displays the list of fields contained in each line of imported file e T precise time from GPS receiver e Lat flight latitude e Lon flight longitude e Alt flight altitude e Heading flight heading e Roll roll e Pitch pitch 188 10 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation eG The symbol indicates columns with data that will be not imported In order to setup active template perform one of the following actions e drag by mouse field name from the Available fields list to the column of the Preview file table After that the template in the Line template field is changes In order to cancel field selection double click the column of the Preview file table e change the template manually in the Line template field At that column types in the Preview file table are changed automatically The f button allows to use the default template T Lat Lon Alt Heading Roll Pitch The button is used to compare the Line template field with data shown in the Preview file table lt lt The active template corresponds only to lines shown in the Preview file table The it button is used to replace specified field names by field values taken from the first line of the Line template table op
66. the rest area of stereopair It is better to either thin out these points or add more points on the rest of stereopair area to distribute the points over stereopair uniformly 123 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation When measuring points along man made extended objects roads power lines etc group of points measured along straight line is equal to only two points on this line during relative orient ation calculation 6 10 3 Control of vertical parallax residuals on stereopairs To perform aerial triangulation beside to measure of tie points coordinates it is also necessary to calculate differences of tie points coordinates on both images of a stereo pair gt Difference of points coordinates on two images is called parallax Vertical parallax is difference of Y coordinates horizontal parallax is difference of X coordinates of points on images that compose a stereopair In some cases errors of points recognition may not result in big vertical parallax resid uals but cause wrong angles of relative orientation for example when kappa angle is more than 45 degrees 6 11 Adjustment control in triplets 6 11 1 Control of uniform distribution of points measurements in triplets For correct triplets creation it is necessary to measure not less than 2 points with distance between not less than 1 3 of image width It is recommended to measure not less than 1 point in each of 3 zones central and 2 outermost If it
67. the template Read From the Name Field Numbers of images in the project Serial numbers of images C Read From image names File record with number fi v matches project image with number fi v Cancel Fig 87 Images matching by numbers 1 Inthe Numbers in the file section set the following parameters o Serial numbers of records matching the template used to match a list of records numbers in a file by order o Read from the Name field used to match a list of records numbers in a file by the last number from the filename 2 Inthe Numbers of images in the project section set the following paramet ers o Serial numbers of images used to match a list of records numbers in a project by order o Read from images names used to match a list of records numbers in a project by the last number from the filename 3 Inputnecessary parameters to the File record with the number and matches project image with number input fields ME For convenient setup of necessary parameters it is recommended to place windows in that way that allows to display on screen a name of the first image in the table of the Exterior orientation parameters window and also allows to display first rows in the Preview file table of the Exterior orientation import window It is re commended to place the Match images by numbers window in such a way that allow to show both windows mentioned above 4 Choose one of the following
68. used In order to open the Manage project cameras window choose Orientation Manage cameras or click the i button of the AT additional toolbar Manage project cameras OF x Project images Project cameras 7B OE EE oe om Ge Re ed amp 2 ws A ae w SE m e M 1 DMC_II_230 018 x cam 15 Str40_0317_RGB DMC_IT_230 018 x cam 0 vi Str40_0316_RGB DMC_IT_230 018 x cam 0 vi Str40_0315_RGB DMC_IT_230 018 x cam 0 vi Str40_0314_RGB DMC_II_230 018 x cam 0 v IESE RGB DMC_IT_230 018 x cam 0 v 2 vi Str41_0419_RGB DMC_II_230 018 x cam 0 J Str41_0420_RGB DMC_Il_230 018 x cam 0 Change camera for selected images v Str41_0421_RGB DMC_II_230 018 x cam 0 JV Assign selected camera to selected images vi Str41_0422 RGB DMC_IT_230 018 x cam 0 A Set camera rotation for selected images vi Str41_0423 RGB DMC_IT_230 018 x cam 0 3 telog 90 clockwise v Str42 0504 RGB DMC_II_230 018 x cam 0 v Str42_0503_RGB DMC_II_230 018 x cam 0 C 180 270 clockwise 7 Str42_0502_RGB DMC_II_230 018 x cam 0 Execute v Str42_0501_RGB DMC_IT_230 018 x cam 0 v Str42_0500_RGB DMC_II_230 018 x cam 0 gt 114144 x 15552 pix Fig 10 The Manage proj
69. window The Exterior orientation parameters export window opens 163 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation Exterior orientation parameters export Data to export Ext orientation catalogue C Adjustment results Export formats PAT B ori Jv CSV csv CS Field list Image code CODE J Image name NAME Time TIME IV XYZ x 2 XYZ type TYPE_X Z XYZ std dev STDDEVX STDDEVY STDDEV2Z J Omega phi kappa angles OMEGA_DEG PHI_DEG KAPP4_DEG Angles type TYPE_ANGLES Angles std dev STDDEVOMEGA_DEG STDDEVPHI_DEG STDDEVKAPPA_DEG Select all Unselect all Name XYZ angles J Synchronize file names Swap x OK Cancel Fig 90 Exterior orientation parameters export In the Data to export section select data to be exported e ext orientation catalogue used to export source data projection centers co ordinates exterior orientation angles etc e adjustment results used to export adjusted projection centers coordinates and exterior orientation parameters In the Export format set checkbox or both checkboxes to export data into chosen formats e PAT B is exchange text format with ori extension which is supported by major applications in different industries e CSV is exchange text format with csv extension when the data is represented by table with specified list of fields Click the _
70. with indicated distance between points in pixels is displayed Press the D key once again to turn the distance measuring mode off Distance measuring mode allows to estimate conformity error of terrain points in images overlap areas This error is considered during tie points measurement in automatic mode and is used to increase measurements accuracy see the Section 6 3 In order to specify conformity error use the Search area parameter on the Search for points tab of the Tie point measurement parameters window To estimate conformity error of terrain points in images overlap areas after measuring tie points in automatic mode perform the following actions 1 Open a block stereopair in the Points measurement module see the Section 5 3 MES It is recommended to estimate the conformity error on multiple stereopairs on in strip ste reopairs in different strips of a block and on inter strip stereopairs Indicate some point on terrain by mouse double click on one of images in overlap area The system perform automatic search of the same terrain point on another image of stereopair and place marker to probable location of corresponding point Measure a distance between indicated and found point on terrain in distance measuring mode QAAN E t 4458S W L Fig 40 Distance measuring in the Points measurement module 69 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation 6 Relative orientation of images 6 1 Relative orientation wor
71. 20 08 09 2011 10 22 03 2002 ial Filter Resource name vector data Settings Cancel Techsupport InfoMap_Group InfoMap_copy Data 19 resources 63 089 152 bytes selected 0 resources 0 bytes A Fig 79 Parameters of vector map loading 2 Select vector map file in active profile resources 3 optional Recalculate coordinate system if necessary 146 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation 4 Click the Open button New vector layer appears in the Layers manager and loaded vector map is displayed in the Map window working area Perform the following actions to load a web map to a project 1 Click the amp button The Settings window opens f Web map loading is possible for georeferenced block scheme only settings O Map cache location C PHOTOMODS VAR MapCache Soe Cache expory time hours O store permanently 2400 A Timeout waiting for server reply s fso Time till retry after server timeout s J Connect through proxy server Address and port http 127 0 0 1 8080 Username Password s _ Fig 80 Parameters of web map loading 2 optional Setup parameters of the web map loading 3 Click OK The Load web map window opens Load web map Eel Ea m Source m Limits in working coordinate system Web maps N 260804 72975 fa OpenStreetMap w 735041 40741 H m E 739216 76385 m Kosmosnimki Express RDC ScanEx htt
72. 5 3 2 Choose and show using marker the same terrain point on opened images 3 Click the button of the upper toolbar of the Points measurement window A new tie point is added to the triangulation points list and is displayed on opened images see also Section 8 2 e to transfer already measured tie point into specified marker position with adding measurements of this point to another image perform the following actions 1 Open images with measurements of selected tie point and if needed images containing the same terrain point but without measurements see Section 5 3 2 Show by marker new position of tie point on all opened images 3 Click the button of the upper toolbar of the Points measurement window Tie point is transferred added to specified marker position on images Tie points measurements are updated in the triangulation points list f During adding of a point located out of image border a point without coordinates values is created in the table At that after saving the points list data with blank record and the point on image will be removed The Points measurement module provides the following opportunities for tie points measurements using correlator e to correlate active image with left and to add tie point perform the following actions 1 Choose and open images to measure tie points coordinates see the Section 5 3 2 Choose the left image and click the L button in the toolbar of this
73. 50 10623 803 10659 927 0 0029 0 0000 Y 10635 8953 Height pix fi 1230 106 0010 106 0030 10647 861 564 734 0 0029 0 0000 PEE 106 0040 106 0060 552 971 540 695 0 0029 0 0000 amera information Name Rc 20 x cam Camera type Fiducial coordinates Focal Barr a 153 4060000 Distortion 4 directions x Delete measurement Marker coordinates mm x 1105 9961 Yi 106 0020 Transform type Affine z 1 24 1 1 Marker 529 608 10635 8593 pix 105 9961 106 0020 mm camera 106 0019 106 0078 mm Pixel size 0 0210 0 0210 mm OK Cancel Apply Fig 24 Manual measurement of fiducial marks coordinates 2 Choose a fiducial mark which coordinates to be measured in the Measurements table of fiducial marks coordinates which displays XY coordinats of the mark in mm from camera passport Find on image and show by marker the mark in the view window In the right lens window selected fiducial mark is displayed 3 Perform precision positioning of marker on chosen fiducial mark in the lens window using mouse cursor and arrow keys Marker position coordinates in pixels and mm are displayed in the Marker coordinates pix and Marker coordinates mm input fields 4 Click the Measure mark button to fix measured fiducial coordinates After fiducial coordinates measurement the fiducial table shows the measurement result co ordinates of measured fiducial Xp and Yp in pixels
74. 6 6 106066 25849760 46060080 6582674 09600600 6 6566008 7 control 6 106066 06 100000 06 100000 8 2586651 6506000 6582148 93 006060 22 93600686 8 control 6 16606060 06 100000 06 100000 9 2588212 340000 658 68 68 260000 19 226006 9 control 6 100600 0 100000 0 100000 Fig 93 Sample of GCP catalogue exported to text file 8 Editing of triangulation points 8 1 General information about triangulation points display The system provides displaying of triangulation points in the following windows e in windows of opened images of the Points measurement module see the Sec tion 8 2 e ona block scheme or on a stereopair in 2D window see the Section 8 3 e ona conventional scheme in the Delete point measurements window for pictorial view of points to be deleted see the Section 8 6 170 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation 8 2 Points display in the Points measurement module In order to display triangulation points on images opened in the Points measurement module it is possible to use the following buttons of the left toolbar of the Points measurement window e allows to show hide triangulation points e allows to display triangulation points by symbols e A allows to show hide triangulation points names e 2 allows to show hide models by ties in a mode of triangulation points display by symbols E This mode allows to show in addition to tie point symbol arrows indicting i
75. 61 106 0020 mm camera 106 0019 106 0078 mm Pixel size 0 0210 0 0210 mm OK Cancel Apply Fig 23 Manual measuring of fiducial marks The window includes the following parts and contains the following interface elements e toolbar with buttons used to perform the following operations o 4 4 allows to pass to adjacent image of a block located left top bottom or right side respectively o allows to pass to previous or to next unprocessed image with unmeasured fiducials o fis allows to open the Manage project cameras window o allows to open the Semi automatic interior orientation window o 8 allows to open the Automatic interior orientation window o ff allows to open the Report on interior orientation window o gf allows to remove all fiducial marks measurements on a current image 40 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation o t allows to open the Marker settings window used to setup marker shape size and color the Image information and Camera information sections are used to display gen eral information about selected image and about camera parameters the main window of image view is used to fiducial marks search and the additional lens window is used for precision marker position in fiducial center Image manage ment in windows is performed using the standard buttons lt lt The Ctril F8 shortcut allow to show hide scroll bars in the main window and
76. 85 _ _ 0 0 Top Strip 2 Image Camera Camera type Axes Number of fiducials Transform Residuals RMS pix orientation measured type gt R10 SOs RC 20 x Fiducial 180 4 4 Affine 0 096 A cam coordinates cam coordinates cam coordinates Close Fig 30 Report on interior orientation of film camera images block Toolbar in upper part of interior orientation report contains the following buttons e lt Backspace allows to go back to previous view F5 allows to refresh a report after change of the report parameters 4 Ctri F allows to perform data search in a report by keyword or its part H allows to save a report to HTML file in any folder out of active profile re SOUICeS E allows to save a report to HTML file in active profile resources amp allows to print a report Ki Ctri P allows to open print preview window 5 In the table of images click the link of selected image in the mage column After that a detailed report on interior orientation of selected image is opened The report contains the following data 51 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation e links to pass to the following places o Edit allows to open the Manual interior orientation window where it is possible to re measure fiducials coordinates and recalculate interior orienta tion o Back allows to return to p
77. Block adjustment User Manual o Worst points points with maximal residuals number of points to be displayed is specified in the appropriate field 178 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation 3 4 o Over acceptable residuals points with residuals exceeding threshold Points selection by residuals value is performed using additional parameters Ground XY Ground Z Tie XY Tie Z IE Residual thresholds are specified on block adjustment step see the Block adjustment User Manual e In selected models used to select points located in selection area of stereo pair strip or multiple steropairs strips o At least one points measured on one selection area o All points measured on all selection areas simultaneously Click OK Click the button to apply the filter 8 6 Triangulation points deletion For points deletion the system provides the following possibilities tools in the Points measurement module see the Section 5 2 and in the triangulation points catalogue menu item Orientation Clear point catalogue is used for deleting all points with measurement results at once GCP check and tie menu item Orientation gt Delete point measurements for selective deleting of trian gulation points Selective points deleting allows to delete points of selected types from project images marked in the list For selective points deleting perform the following actions 1 Choose Orientat
78. Change of the point type is provided in the following windows e the Exterior orientation parameters window lt lt Excluded GCP are not considered during block adjustment It is recommended to use the Excluded type for non measured GC points prior block adjustment operation e the GCP list and All triangulation points tabs of the Triangulation points window e the Point properties window 6 7 Measurement of tie points coordinates in stereo mode The system provides possibility to measure points coordinates in a stereomode Measurement of tie points coordinates in a stereomode are required when the points 99 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation are located on high objects or at the bottom corner of the building so that in the mono mode a point is not visible on the second image of the stereopair There are the following two modes of points measurement in stereo mode on selected stereopair in the Points measurement module e measurement of points coordinates in moving marker mode e measurement of points coordinates in fixed marker mode in stereocomparator set by default Stereocomparator mode a mode with marker fixed in the center of the window In stereocomparator mode it is possible to move an image using pressed left mouse button At that marker remains fixed in the window center The main advantage of this kind of stereo measurements is that it is possible to position the marker with sub pixel accuracy The pixel size
79. DS 40 80 data is not available in the system since metadata files containing interior orientation parameters are delivered along 21 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation with images from RS data provider information about types of data and projects see in the Project creation User Manual To perform interior orientation of central projection images the system provides the following workflow 1 Defining project cameras that includes the following steps e input of camera passport data e assign cameras to project images e define directions of camera axes for project images 2 Perform interior orientation for the following types of images e images acquired by film camera e images acquired by digital camera 3 Accuracy control of obtained interior orientation results See the Section 4 4 6 When deleting images from a project it is strongly recommended to synchronize the data in the project to remove redundant orientation results To do this choose Project Synchronize 4 3 Project cameras management 4 3 1 Images selection and highlighting The system provides a set of standard tools and ways of selection and highlighting of project images in lists and tables of the system s dialogue windows 22 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation Project images 76 EB BE ol om Ge Ge Name Int or Camera Rotation v 2 WV R10_505 RC 20 x cam 180 TEL 506 RC 20 x cam 180 V R RC 20 x cam 180 E w
80. Digital Paotogrammetric System Version 6 0 2 USER MANUAL Aerial triangulation G RACURS PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation Table of Contents ls Pumos OF Me document sein ec iusdorie E E A a a ies ee A 4 2AA Nng CALA a a E malcciss Sas Sean stale naw eiehaan teases ate 4 2 12 The Onentation Men 2 2053 cheater ait eee E eke ote aed 4 22 GOCE OA crs an cre cm en Ss ba tse ica stesso ie aga apse eee ene ea 6 2 3 Aerial triangulation Workflow cccccccceceececeeeeceeeececececeececeeeeseeaeseeeesecseseseeseseeaeseeensass T 2A Daar Guaco O ass a a a a a a a a a iv entaweaaat inks 8 Sy BIOCK HA OUI areri a A 9 3 1 Data for block layout creation sas icnus sesscne onwatncnosethesd snxeaaus ss thtectloncedadansatindsl shure bingcdeaxeeuet 9 S22 DIOCKIAYOUL ChOallOM eean a A ute a ehin tetas A 11 3 3 DEM use for block layout creation cccccecceceececeeeeceeeececeesecuesecueeeseeeeseseeseseeseseeansass 15 3 4 Manual images linking QUICK ties ccc cececeec eee ee eee ee eee ec eee ease ee eeeeaeeeeeeeeeeeaeeeeaeeeeaenees 17 3 5 Automatic block layout ChEATI ON sis lt cha cian inmneintasnair avsatecthentunun can naaa a ra Eie Naaa 19 4 Images imternoronentatioN ssicstsuccsinsaneiei r E a E 20 4 1 The Interior orientation Menu aonannannannannennnnnnnnnrnrrnrrnrrnrrsrnnrnrrnrrnrenrrnrrnrnnrnsrnrenrenr 20 4 2 Interior orientation workflow cccccec ec ee acc e
81. E There is non uniform points distribution on a stereopair if in each of 6 standard zones a number of points differs more than 2 times from average amount of points in zone e to check number of tie points and their distribution uniformity on inter strip stereo pairs set the Check errors in inter strip stereopairs checkbox ME The checkbox is cleared by default since an analysis of points in 6 standard zones for inter strip stereopair is not necessary in many cases 5 In the Triplets section specify the following parameters of accuracy control for points measurements in triplets e to check measurement errors in triplets set the Check residuals in triplets checkbox and input threshold value by XY and by Z in pix mm or meters for selected residual type RMS mean or maximal error gt A threshold value for maximal error in triplets is calculated using the following formula Emax 2 Emean Where Emean mean error threshold Mean triplet errors in XY plane is calculated using the following formula RMS V2 Emean Mean error by Z equals the mean triplet errors value in XY plane multiplied by the ratio of focal length f to survey basis b XY z J boa b E mean e to check triplets for sufficient number of measured tie points set the Check number of tie points checkbox and specify minimal number of points 109 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation ME It is recommended to specify a Minimal number at least 3 poin
82. F8 shortcut allows to hide the brightness setting panel 143 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation In order to return to default settings of brightness and contrast right click the settings panel and select Reset IE Settings of brightness contrast and gamma correction are not restored after the module restart Table 11 The Map window toolbar allows to open a window used to select a raster map file located out from profile resources which have one of the following raster formats TIFF JPEG BMP IMG PNG NTF GIF PIX JP2 DEM allows to open a window used to select a vector map file located in active profile resources allows to open a window used to select a file of DEM located in active profile resources to obtain Z coordin ates for measured GC points allows to open a window used to select a source of geospatial data of WMS format and to load web maps located on specified area Hal for georeferenced block scheme only allows to find marker position in windows of opened images of the Points measurement module the button action is duplicated by double mouse click allows to perform automatic search for a placement of marker specified on the map on images opened in the module a allows to perform a search of a terrain point spe cified on the map by marker on all project images after that windows of those project images where the point was found are opened in the Points measurement module the
83. Fig 83 Edit points measurements To add a new GCP perform the following actions 1 Inputa name of a new point to the Name field 2 Select coordinates to be transferred during point adding lt lt A value of Z coordinate is displayed when DEM is used 3 Estimate correlation coefficient shown in the table and select images where to add GCP 4 To add measure GCP coordinates on selected images click one of the buttons located at the bottom of the window Add point with measurements allows to add new GCP with its coordinates to the triangulation points list and to measure it on selected images 152 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation Add point without measurements allows to add new GCP with its coordinates to triangulation points list without its measurement on selected images Replace GCP with measurements allows to replace coordinates of selected GCP in the triangulation points list and to re measure it on images Replace GCP coordinates allows to replace only coordinates of selected GCP in the triangulation points list without editing of measurements on images Replace measurements only allows to re measure selected GCP on images in the triangulation points list without coordin ates refresh 7 7 5 Raster map georeference The system allows to georeference scanned cartographic raster material using points with known geodetic coordinates If there is a raster georeferenced map on terrain area is available allows t
84. GCP check excluded e X Y Z GCr tie point initial coordinates e X Y Z adjusted coordinates of triangulation points e dX dY dZ error values on point The Triangulation points window is synchronized with 2D window when point selecting in 2D window it is also selects in the table Double click by row with point allows to open the Points measurements module to edit point s position 7 5 Import of GCP catalogue The system provides import of GC points coordinates list from file with csv or txt extension To perform import of GC points coordinates list from file perform the following actions 1 Choose Orientation gt GCP list or click the button of the main toolbar The Tri angulation points window opens 2 Click the button on the GCP list tab 3 Selecta file containing GCP catalogue and click OK The Import GCP catalogue window opens 133 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Import GCP catalogue Aerial triangulation lel ES ic import export gcp_infomap csy Line template Name x 2 stddevx stddevy stddeyvz T Start import from line 2 4 Preview maximum J Automatically validate template ho J lines BE Field separators J Comma Available Fields Jv Space Other Tab l Semicolon Decimal separator Point only Point or comma Misc I UTF 8 I Parse Preview file C import export gcp_infomap cs
85. OTOMOD 4 x To perform import of triangulation points catalogue perform the following actions 1 Choose Orientation gt Import gt Import tie points from PHOTOMOD 4 x XPT or click the drop down arrow next to the 4 button of the Triangulation points window toolbar and choose Import from PHOTOMOD 4 x XPT The Input file window opens Choose triangulation points file xpt and click the Open button The Import measurements from XPT format window opens Match images from file to images in project By name C By code C Use correspondence file When point name already exists Replace Skip C Rename corel Fig 104 Import measurements from XPT Choose points file and click OK Imported points will be added to triangulation points list Specify the way of matching images names in the xpt file and images names in the project e By name e By code 186 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation e Use correspondence file In order to use correspondence file click the _ button and select file with filenames 4 Select actions to be performed in case of coincidence of images points names in file with existing images points names in a project Replace Skip Rename 5 Click OK Imported points are added to triangulation points list 9 2 Import flight line file The system provides possibility to import of flight line data latitude longitude heading roll pitch The main condition of such a
86. PAT B The system provides possibility to import GCP and tie point coordinates from files of PAT B format Perform the following actions to import measurements 1 Choose Orientation gt Import gt Import tie points from PAT B or click the arrow to the right from the button of the Triangulation points window toolbar and 183 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation choose Import from PAT B The Import measurements from PAT B window Import measurements from PAT B format mife xi J File with point coordinates c import export 12 csv Hop Swap X Y File with measurements C pix mm C mem J Refined camera coordinates File with list of correspondent PAT B and PHOTOMOD image names el When name already exists Replace Skip C Rename cect _ Fig 101 Import measurements from PAT B 2 Setthe File with point coordinates checkbox to import geodetic coordinates Click the _ button to select file to be imported with xyz txt csv extension see format description in Section 9 5 2 E If there is a coordinate system different from source one left right set the Swap X Y checkbox to swap X and Y coordinates Es If the Swap X Y checkbox is cleared GC and tie points coordinates are imported in the right coordinate system Otherwise in the left one 3 Set the File with measurements checkbox to import point coordinates measure ments Click the _ button to select a file with mea txt cs
87. Points measurement window 6 8 Point properties In order to view selected point properties click the button of the Triangulation points window The Point properties window opens Name 0911 Code k Type Ground control Coordinates not used C Check Tie Unused tie point Targeted Measured automatically Coordinates RMS x 4970710 900000 jo 2000000 M 6444342 6500000 o 2000000 M Z f129 1000000 o 2000000 M Fig 63 Point properties The window displays the following information about point e the Name field allows to change a name of selected point e the Code field shows a code assigned to selected point not editable e the Type section allows to change a type of selected point and to make it Check Ground control Tie or to exclude it from orientation e set the Unused tie point checkbox if a point is not used as tie point the Targeted checkbox allows to mark a point as targeted point without changing its type e the Measured automatically checkbox is set if a point is obtained by automatic measurement of tie points 106 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation A During editing of automatically measured point in the Points measurement module the Measured automatically checkbox is cleared and a point is considered as measured manually e for GC points the geodetic Coordinates and RMS of selected point are also displayed 6 9 Relative orientation report 6 9 1
88. YZ sttevx stdDevy stdDev 4971037 270000 129 100000 130 590000 130 340000 134 84nn 5 control control control control 6444342 650000 6444471 620000 6444567 540000 4 44439N 44annnn 4970710 750000 4970281 380000 4969867 500000 496q4n3 12nnAN Drag a field name from the list of available fields on a grid column to assign column type Double click on grid column to cancel assignment 0 200000 0 200000 0 200000 n 2nnnnn 0 200000 0 200000 0 200000 n annannn 0 2000 0 20001 0 20001 0 20001 n enn b Skip oints with existing names Replace Convert coordinate system Input coordinate system leKkapToba nespaa JexapToBa NEBA NOKANbHAA CHCTEMa KOOPAMHAT Orientation left geo referencing local coordinate system Output coordinate system JekapToba nesaa AekapToBa neBaa noKanbHaa CHCTemMa KOOpAMHaT Orientation left geo referencing local coordinate system crcl _ Fig 74 Import of GCP catalogue 4 The Line template field displays a list of fields contained in each line of the import file e Name object s name A e X Y Z values of GC point coordinates by X Y Z If imported file does not contain a column with GCP names numbers then after import operation the names like Point0001 are assigned to the points automatically e STDDEVX STDDEVY STDDEVZ accuracy of coordinates measurements by X Y
89. age S allows to create epipolar images by points if at least five tie points coordinates lt lt Creating of epipolar images images for which Y parallax tends to zero is available when there are at least 5 measured tie points on stereopair 101 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation e allows to create epipolar images using adjustment results if it is possible if there are adjustment results available Ld allows to show hide the control panel used to setup a stereo image in lower stereowindow corners e a name of opened stereopair image e a value of Y parallax Y par in pix on selected tie point available only for in strip stereopairs In the lower part of stereo window there are control panels used to adjust images and manage their movements Left group of red arrows is used to move the left image of stereopair Shift arrow keys The group of grey arrows duplicated by arrow keys of the keyboard is used to move left and right images at once The group of light blue arrows allows to move the right image Ctrl arrow keys The additional buttons on the right group of arrows allow to perform the following actions e amp zoom in the right image scale on 5 along with pressed Shift key on 1 e zoom out the right image scale on 5 along with pressed Shift key on 1 e 1 1 reset the right image to 1 1 scale The Step slider is used for sensitivity adjustment of
90. ains all necessary information about fiducials their numbering template and search area Using camera template allows to perform automatic interior ori entation MES A list of camera templates is available only if in the Fiducial marks list the Calibrated distances or Fiducial coordinates option is selected In the Distortion list select one of the following distortion types according to passport data of survey camera distortion e None no passport data e Formula to input distortion coefficients of Brown Conrady model In order to consider distortion using formula it is necessary to input coordinates of symmetry points coefficients of radial and tangential distortion and coefficients of image deformation Distortion Xon x k xr kxr kxr P 2x r 2P x yb x b y Veor V k yr k yrk yr P 2y r 2P x y a x a y rax y Point of symmetry zero distortion mm x 0 0080 ms 0 0010 To principal point Radial distortion coefficients ki fo k2 fo k3 fo sgl Tangential distortion coefficients Pi fo P2 jo Image deformation coefficients bi fo b2 fo al fo a2 fo Fig 13 Formula and distortion parameters lt lt Only distortion coefficients b1 and b2 relatively to X axis are used for camera self calib ration 29 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation The 36 button is used to transform distortion calculated by formula to a radial one Transform formula distortion to radial distortion
91. al marks coordinates To execute semi automatic interior orientation perform the following actions 1 Choose Orientation gt Interior orientation gt Semi automatic interior orientation or click the button of the AT additional toolbar The Semi automatic interior orientation window opens 44 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 R10_S07 InfoMap_copy Semiautomatic interior orientation QANA E Aerial triangulation M Es M Project images 7B E EE oe om Ge g Name antec Camera 1 _ RO9_S87 RC 20 x cam _ R09_586 RC 20 x cam RO9_S85 RC 20 x cam 2 R10_505 RC 20 x cam J R10_506 RC 20 x cam TERO SO Template RC 20 x cam Ej Vian amp amp Marks search parameters Mark area size Search area size I I I I fe 1 101 Correlation threshold o s A Search for marks Search images with int or already performed Transform type Rotation scale shift Affine Projective Start Close Fig 26 Defining of fiducials search area and reference mark 2 Inthe Project images table select a template image which will be used for search and measurement of fiducial marks coordinates on other project images To choose a template image select the image in the table and click the button Left of the image name the Template label is displayed ME Any image of the project with performed interior orientation could be used as temp
92. all images option e to view a report for selected images select the for selected images option e to view a report for selected and their adjacent images select the for selected images option and set the add adjacent images checkbox 4 Inthe Stereopairs section specify the following parameters of accuracy control for points measurements on block stereopairs e to check measurements for vertical parallax error select the Check vertical parallax checkbox and input acceptable threshold value in pixels or mm for selected error type RMS mean or maximal error MES It is recommended to set the threshold value of maximal error equal to the pixel size e to check discrepancy of kappa angle from block layout set the Check discrepancy of kappa angle from block layout checkbox and specify a threshold value of angles discrepancy in degrees 108 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation ME It is recommended to specify Angle discrepancy threshold values from 30 to 45 de grees e to check stereopairs for sufficient measurements number set the Check number of tie points checkbox and specify minimal number of tie points per stereopair IE It is recommended to specify Minimal number value not less than 12 point per in strip stereopair 2 points per each of 6 standard zones and at least 2 points per inter strip stereopair e to check distribution uniformity of tie points on stereopairs set the Check point distribution uniformity checkbox M
93. allows to revert a distortion sign e W allows to multiply distortion values by 1 000 to convert them into microns ii allows to divide distortion values by 1 000 to convert them into microns Positive values of distortion coefficients mean shift of image awayfrom the center and negative towards the center 12 Click OK to complete input of camera parameters 4 3 5 Import and export of camera parameters The Camera window provides opportunities of import and export of camera parameters as well as possibility to use features of standard cameras lt lt The Camera window opens using the f and gy buttons in the Manage project cameras window 36 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation To import of camera parameters perform one of the following actions in the Camera window e choose Import gt From file to import camera parameters from x cam file located in folder of Windows file system The Load camera window opens Select file with camera parameters x cam and click OK Camera s parameters will be loaded to appropriate fields of the Camera window e choose Import gt From resource to import camera parameters from x cam file located in folder of active profile resources The Open window opens that displays a tree of active profile resources In the folder of active profile resources select file with camera parameters x cam and click OK All parameters of camera from selected file will be loaded t
94. ar or the AT additional toolbar The Triangulation points window opens 3 Compare GCP coordinates shown in the Triangulation points window with marker coordinates displayed in status bar Control of vertical parallax residuals in stereomode To reveal vertical parallax residuals on tie points 1 Measure coordinates of 6 10 tie points on block images see the Section 6 2 Choose Orientation gt YpaBHaTb no exterior orientation parameters After that the system displays information window which contains information about number of images adjusted using exterior orientation parameters 3 Choose Orientation GCP list The Triangulation points window opens 4 Choose tie point and open images containing measurements of selected tie point using the Ef button The Points measurement module is opened 5 Choose the left and active image of stereopair and click the f button of the main module toolbar Selected stereopair is opened in a stereo window see the Sec tion 6 7 6 Click the button of the stereo window toolbar 7 Estimate value of vertical parallax calculated on tie points in stereomode shown in the top right corner of the stereo window MES In mono mode residuals control is performed using the amp and buttons of the main toolbar of the Points measurement window 7 9 Export of GCP catalogue The system allows to perform export of GCP list from current project to file with csv or txt extension
95. as PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation Depending on data set block layout is divided into primary rough and final With the accumulation of information block scheme contains more accurate data than the initial scheme As a result after a correctly performed adjustment block layout represents the final form of block scheme Block layout is used for visual estimation of images position Moreover primary block layout is an obligatory condition for automatic measurement of tie points coordinates For block layout creation it is necessary to have the following data available the data are listed in increasing order of block layout accuracy size of images overlap areas in strip and between strips this value is known or is estimated using quick ties of the same points on terrain on block images Size of images overlap areas are used to create primary block layout quick ties data that are obtained using approximately specified points of terrain on adjacent images of block scheme in 2D window Quick ties data is used to create primary block layout and significantly refine block scheme created by overlaps tie points coordinates are obtained using measurement of coordinates of the same points on terrain on images with specified accuracy manually or in automatic mode Block layout accuracy depends on measurements accuracy and tie points number For ex ample for primary block layout it is enough to measure coordinates of coordinate
96. asurement window The main window of the Points measurement module is used to measure edit triangu lation points on project images with or without correlator in mono or stereo mode The Points measurement window contains the following interface elements e the main toolbar used to apply different operations to all opened images consists of the following panels o the upper panel contains buttons used to manage images zoom images selection for measurements measuring editing of triangulation points coordinates transfer of GCP from georeferenced maps setup of triangulation points symbols and common parameters o the left toolbar contains buttons used to manage display of triangulation points and residuals vectors in all images windows e windows of opened images each of them display an image and its name and contains its own toolbar and status bar eG Setting of the Points measurement and Triangulation points window size is preserved after reboot of the module system During triangulation points measurement in the Points measurement window the fol lowing concepts are used in the system e The active image image displayed in the window selected by mouse click The active image window is highlighted by blue frame e The left image a status assigned to one of opened windows that is considered during stereopair opening and is used to correlate other images with this one during measurement of tie points using correla
97. ay be both greater than a predetermined amount due to points transfer from adjacent stereopairs and less due to the subsequent rejection of points Default value is 30 points on each in strip images pair and 10 points in inter strip overlap The minimum number of points to control the vertical parallax residual is 6 e parameters which allow to specify trusted points group to be used as a master sample for points rejection see the Preliminary filtering with detection of trusted points group parameter on the Rejection tab A group of points is considered as trusted if the following two conditions are met during the points search 1 The distance between the point on one image and the corresponding point on another image should not exceed the parameter specified in the Maximum spread radius within trusted points group input field 2 Number of points found which satisfy to the first condition should not be less than the parameter specified in the Minimum trusted points group size input field If a trusted group has been found it supposedly means that angles of relative orient ation have been computed correctly and the points rejection can be performed using these data Otherwise the rejection of points will not be executed even if the Prelim 89 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation inary filtering with detection of trusted points group checkbox is set on the Re jection tab The Maximum points to use filtering by trusted gr
98. bout uniform or non uniform distribution of points on a inter strip stereopair o the last columns allows to highlight a stereopair or cancel the highlighting of a stereopair in 2D window that allows to estimate visually whether the stereopair is located within images block eG A stereopair is highlighted with adding it to already highlighted ones in 2D window Can celling of a stereopair highlighting is performed along with subtraction from highlighted stereopairs If in the Relative orientation report settings window the Check errors in interstrip stereopairs checkbox is set then the errors in the report are highlighted in the following way yellow color shows strips and stereopairs that contain points measurements ex ceeding threshold and the errors values are shown by red color 6 9 5 The stereopair measurements section Relative orientation report provides possibility to view a detailed report on any selected stereopair that contains data on tie points measurements calculated relative orientation parameters information about kappa angles difference and uniformity of tie points dis tribution on a stereopair A detailed report allows to perform control of measurement accuracy of common points of a stereopair images by values of vertical parallax resid uals To view detailed report for selected stereopair click the stereopair hyperlink in the tables of in strip and inter strip stereopairs 118 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial t
99. button action is duplic ated by Shift mouse double click allows to add a GC point on opened images of the module without correlation i e to transfer a point with coordinates from the map to a terrain point specified by marker on selected images The added point is displayed on images and in the list of trian gulation points of the Points measurement module allows to open a window used to add and measure GCP coordinates with correlation to search corres ponding points on project images and to use a DEM to acquire Z coordinate see the Section 7 7 4 a allows to use the marker mouse F4 mode of working area allows to center image in working area by marker F7 allows to use the Fixed marker mode F6 when marker is always at the center of the screen and mouse moving results in the image moving 144 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation allows to show hide service windows located to the right from the working area Layer manager and navigation window allows to show hide navigation window only allows to show hide scroll bars allow to manage a zoom of the whole image of the window working area The f E field is used to display a current zoom and allows to change the zoom using the slider 7 1 2 Prepare and load georeferenced data The system supports using of the following georeferenced data raster maps vector maps DEMs and web maps to acquire GCP data f Loaded external georeferenced
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101. cise time from GPS receiver 5 optional If data is imported from CSV format it is necessary to setup a current template see Section 9 2 6 Click the Next button The Exterior orientation import Step 2 of 3 Import settings window opens Exterior orientation import ile EW Step 2 of 3 Import settings Angles Measurement units Degrees Radians Gons Add to the kappa angle o 000000000 degrees Invert sign for angles Omega Phi Kappa Relief elevation min o o 4 M max 0 0 s M Precision std dev Projection centers Exterior orientation angles x o 2000 M omega 0 005000 degrees Y 0 2000 M phi 0 005000 degrees Z 0 2000 M kappa 0 005000 degrees J Uniform precision by all axes J Uniform precision by all axes wo em Fig 88 Exterior orientation import Step 2 161 10 11 12 13 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation In the Angles section specify measurement units for angles coordinates according to data of the file to be imported e radians e degrees e gons plane angle measurement unit that equals to 1 100 of flat right angle measurement unit and full angle is 400 gons optional In order to make correction to kappa angle set the Add to the kappa angle checkbox and input correction value to the input field optional In order to Invert sign for angles Omega Phi and or Kappa set corres ponding checkboxes In
102. click the More button The Block layout additional window opens 13 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Block layout additional Scale difference Curving Images deformation Point rejection percent Rotate all block by Fig 4 The Block layout additional window Setup the following parameters Aerial triangulation e Scale difference parameter proportional to scale difference between adjacent images in a strip e Curving parameter proportional to rotation angle between adjacent images in a strip e Images deformation parameter proportional to difference of images boundaries shapes on a block scheme e Point rejection percent percent of tie points which coordinates are not con sidered during block layout creation e Rotate all block by angle of a block scheme rotation in degrees 7 Click the Apply button As a result the block scheme in 2D window is rebuild con sidering specified parameters the Block layout window is opened meanwhile If the Use subblock checkbox is set on and images contain subblock are chosen the block scheme in 2D window is rebuild considering parameters of chosen images All images are not included in the subblock is no longer displayed lt lt In order to create a block layout without parameters setup double click the name of block layout mode in the Mode section of the Block layout window The system provides possibility to create a block scheme by UAS i
103. coding Unicode symbols encoding format that allows to provide symbols of almost all written languages e Parse is used to recognize records of projection centers or GCP When using this parameter it is highly recommended to check points coordinates recognition correctness after import To do this select any point in 2D window and check coordinates values in the Marker window see the Vectorization User Manual 12 optional To make corrections to camera angles configure them in the Adjust angles table of the Settings section 13 Click the Load button to import flight line data At that the Import flight line window stays open 14 Choose Window gt Block layout or click the 8 button of the main toolbar The Block layout window opens To create correct block layout it is necessary to have data about terrain altitudes difference available This value is setup in the project properties window see the Project creation User Manual or during import of exterior orientation parameters see the Section 7 8 Block layout Eel x Mode By ties C wio layout By ext or By centers I Use subblock Select subblock Gee Ob co M Initial approximation overlap 60 o j 30 of Iv V QuickTies Edit v V Tie points lv GC points Iv Imported exterior orientation Account for DEM Projection centers and angles Projection centers only Iv Adjustment results es x1 00 Image scaling x 1 10 1 10 Mo
104. cted in a list camera al allows to unassign a camera selected in a list from project images After that in the Project cameras list in the Num of images column the 0 value is displayed allows to copy selected in a list camera with all its parameters To input a new project camera perform the following actions 1 Inthe Manage project cameras window click the gg button The Camera window opens 25 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation Camera Bijel xi Import Export Standard cameras Camera Camera type Fiducial marks C Digital Film Fiducial coordinates o l Show digital camera parameters in Fiducial marks template mm of pi Rc20 camera o Focal length mm 153 4060 Calibration date Principal point mm x 0 0050 ms 0 0050 105 9990 106 0020 106 0030 106 0050 106 0010 106 0030 106 0040 106 0060 Description MDistortion 4 directions x Point of symmetry zero distortion mm Ki 0 0080 Yi 0 0010 To principal point 1 4 0 600 s 0 100 Ox 20 0000 0 600 0 500 0 600 0 100 3 2 30 0000 0 400 0 300 0 700 0 300 40 0000 0 100 0 300 0 400 0 400 50 0000 0 100 1 000 0 100 0 600 60 0000 0 500 0 800 0 500 0 700 70 0000 0 300 0 800 0 200 0 400 80 0000 0 800 0 100 0 200 0 500 90 0000 0 100 0 300 0 700 0 500 100 0000 0 400 0 500 0 200 0 300 xl xB 0 0 m _ Fig 11 Film camera parameters 2 Inp
105. d in automatic measurement of points coordinates A It is highly recommended to perform interior orientation prior to automatic search of tie points since otherwise most of the filtering parameters are ignored that considerably reduces relative orientation quality e block layout Sufficient condition for launch the operation of automatic measurement of tie points coordinates is availability of initial rough block layout considering for example size of images overlap and or quick ties data However the more data is used for the block layout creation the more accurate is the block scheme and hence the better the results of measurement of tie points coordinates in automatic mode To measure tie points in automatic mode perform the following actions 76 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation Create a block layout considering available data Setup parameters of tie points automatic measurement transfer filtering and start the operation of automatic measurement of tie points coordinates Perform accuracy estimation of relative orientation and detecting of tie points measurement errors Manually eliminate errors of tie points measurement in the Points measurement module or choose other filtering parameters for example specify more strict tol erances for measurement errors and start the operation of automatic measurement of tie points coordinates once more Update block layout considering tie points Change set
106. depends on the current zoom and the marker moving step is defined by the sensitivity slider located at the bottom of the stereo window Stereocomparator mode is used either to work with in strip stereopairs for measuring of tie points coordin ates in images overlap area or for measurement of tie points between strips in inter strip overlap area For points coordinates measurement in stereomode the stereoimage window is used 100 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation Gd R10_505 R09_587 Y par 16 61 pix X code wane te v 4 s es o o om om ee 12 12 Tie 2 1 7 0 941 0 024 Cancel 16 i6 Tie a 3 1 7 0 851 0 349 0 246 0 807 17 17 Tie 2 1 0 923 0 485 Apply 18 18 Tie 4 2 0 959 0 266 19 19 Tie 4 2 0 866 0 357 20 20 Tie 4 2 0 951 0 455 ai 21 Tie 2 1 0 976 0 149 240 24 Tie 4 2 0 954 0 514 26 26 Tie 4 2 0 987 0 383 27 27 Tie 3 1 lt 0 941 0 142 0 238 1 220 Fig 59 Stereoimage in stereocomparator mode Stereowindow toolbar contains the following information and buttons O standard buttons used to manage image in the window are measured t Ctri F6 allows to turn on off stereocomparator mode F11 allows to switch stereo phase to swap left and right images at is used to add new tie point is used to move and add a point to marker position i is used to remove a point from stereoim
107. e Triangulation points window contains a ist of all triangulation points of a project ground control check and tie and also tools for points view search edit and import ex port The Triangulation points window is opened independently or as a part of the Points measurement module In the independent Triangulation points window there is a possibility to proceed to the Points measurement module that allows to display results of n3MepeHn BbIOPAHHON B KaTanore TOYKU Tpnanrynaynn on project images 71 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation To open the Triangulation points window perform one of the following actions e choose Orientation gt Tie points list or click the button on the main toolbar or on the AT additional toolbar B okHe Triangulation points oToOpakaetca the All trian gulation points tab is displayed e choose Orientation gt GCP list or click the button on the main toolbar In the Tri angulation points window the GCP list tab is displayed e open the Points measurement module In the lower part of the Points measurement module there is the Triangulation points window located on the All triangulation points tab The Triangulation points window contains the following two main tabs e GCP list list of ground control points both with measured coordinates and without them All triangulation points list of all triangulation points ground control check and tie The title of the Triangulation poin
108. e column is not checked marker is not moved on active image new tie point is NOT ADDED to active image the Image column is not checked Correlation coefficient is displayed in red color The Bad point warning is displayed Fig 62 Adding a point depending on degree of images correlation 4 Make a decision on adding a new tie point To add a point set checkboxes to select images in the list and click OK or click the Cancel button to cancel op eration 5 optional To move current selected tie point to marker s position click the button 6 If calculated value of Y parallax for this point is not satisfactory it is necessary to re measure the point At that for better positioning of the image it is necessary to rotate mouse wheel while holding pressed the Ctrl key or to rotate vertical arrows of the left and right images to eliminate vertical parallax MES Maximal acceptable value of the vertical parallax is one pixel 105 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation 5 optional To turn on the moving marker mode click the button once more to turn the stereocomparator mode off or use the Ctrl F6 shortcut When measuring tie points in the moving marker mode use the following tricks to remove parallaxes e mouse wheel Ctrl allows to change marker s parallax e mouse wheel Shift allows to change X parallax e mouse wheel Ctrl Shift allows to change Y parallax 6 Close stereo window to return to the
109. e of triangulation points in each of three subsections By measurement type By coordinate type and By meas urement mode In the Select points section select triangulation point types to be deleted from the following list e By measurement type o All all points of all measurement types on selected images according to co ordinates type measurements method and deletion mode ME Points type is determined by the whole block rather than by selected images o Strip points m ties on selected images in strip tie points on selected images i e points that contain two or more coordinates measurements on images selected in side a strip m isolated points with a single measurement on selected images m on stereopairs stereopair tie points including those that have non adjacent measurement in strip m on triplets all measurements of triplet points including measurements on non adjacent images inside a strip m with non adjacent measurements in strip tie points with one at least non adjacent measurement o Interstrip points m All interstrip ties all interstrip tie points if at least one coordinates measurement of each point falls into selected images 181 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation m Interstrip ties for selected strips interstrip tie points if all coordinates measurement of each point falls into selected images strictly inside the im age m Ties on selected images int
110. easurement module see the Section 8 2 and for a block scheme or stereopair in 2D window see the Section 8 3 It is also possible to apply filter to the points list in the Triangulation points window It is possible to use special symbols to display points in the system see the Section 8 4 For points filtering setup perform the following actions 1 Click the button The Point filter window opens gt Point filter Biej Xx By coordinates gt Ausiliary M Ground control IV Geodetic EX Check VM Targeted V Excluded Q Projection centers I XYZ points J With changed type xY points 7 Z points im By residual value J No coordinates Worst points fo Iv All f Over acceptal als By ties J Ground Xv WV Single lV Ground z W Stereopair IV Ti M Triplet V Tiez M Stiptie f Er unaa In selected models J Used C Atleast one IV Excluded Al v All i X Cancel Fig 99 Selecting points to be displayed 2 Inthe following sections choose points types to be shown e the By coordinates section allows to select points to be displayed depending on their coordinates o ground control GC points ground and projection centers o Check check points ground and projection centers o excluded points with known coordinates excluded from adjustment o XYZ points points with known coordinates X Y Z 177 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 A
111. ecommended aerial triangulation workflow depending on available source data During all steps of aerial triangulation procedure it is recommended to perform data accuracy control see the Section 2 4 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation Determination of position and interior orientation orientation of image coordinate system in relation to coordinate system of digital image Exterior orientation NO parameters available Measureme nt of tie points Relative orientation coordinates and measurement of input GCP coordinates measureme nt of GCP coordinates on block images Projection centers coordinates and angles that define real spatial position of image Import of exterior orientation parameters Report analysis Acceptable accuracy Block adjustment Accuracy control By residuals vectors By report results Exterior orientation Accuracy control By block layout By GCP coordinates Acceptable accuracy YES DTM orthamosaic Fig 1 Aerial triangulation workflow 2 4 Data quality control The system provides the following tools to perform quality control of collected data for aerial triangulation operation 1 Project state report allows to estimate current state of the project in whole PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation Choose Project gt Project state or click the button of the main toolbar The Project state window opens which displays what
112. ect cameras window the Manage project cameras window contains the following sections e the Project images section is used to select project images and to view statistics for each image assigned camera camera axes orientation and current step of interior orientation the section also includes a table of all project strips images their para meters and standard toolbox for images selection e the Project cameras section is used to define project cameras to form a list of cameras of current project to input edit camera parameters to import export remov ing and renaming of cameras The section contains a list of project cameras with data about number of assigned images as well as a toolbox used for camera man agement 24 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation e the Change camera for selected images section allows to assign selected camera to selected project images and to specify orientation of camera axes on project im ages e the image preview section is used to display highlighted image in a table The section includes image name preview window of highlighted image with display of camera axes and toolbox used to perform interior orientation and view its results in report as well as image size in pixels Table 3 Toolbox for camera management allows to input a new project camera allows to import a camera from another project to current one allows to edit parameters of a camera selected in a list allows to remove sele
113. editing orrelator Correlation matrix halfsize Contrast point search area Correlation threshold For point measurements For marker movement fiz z Corresponding point search area 100 pix fo 3 z fo 5 4 s Fig 57 Points measurement settings 96 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation When the Show report after finished editing checkbox is set relative orientation report is opened after clicking OK in the Points measurement module The Correlator section contains the following parameters used to setup correlator using during tie points measurement or for analysis of correlation coefficients using the Ee R Re buttons of the Points measurement module e Correlation matrix halfsize in pixels allows to specify size of correlation matrix by X and Y axes e Contrast point search area in pixels allows to specify area where to perform a search for a point of maximal contrast eG It is recommended to use this parameter for images with big percent of one colour areas e Corresponding point search area in pixels allows to specify area where to per form a search for a terrain point that corresponds to a point of the left image area around marker e Correlation threshold allows to define a value of correlation threshold for point coordinates measurements and for marker movement These values influence on search and measurement of tie points coordinate in the following way
114. elete points measurements on images and to delete the point with its coordinates from the table select GC point in the table and click the jg button of the Triangulation points window toolbar A description of GCP transfer from georeferenced map raster or vector map as well as DEM of the same terrain where project images are acquired see in the Section 7 7 To transfer a GC point from DEM considering adjustment data perform the following actions GC points transfer from DEM considering adjustment data is performed only for the projects of the Space scanner survey type adjusted by metadata when it is necessary to improve a block scheme in case of discrepancy of nadir and off nadir images Namely to improve results of adjustment to refine Z coordinate by DEM using GCP coordinates measurement 1 Open the Points measurement module 2 Click the button of the Triangulation points window toolbar to go to the GCP list tab 3 Click the button to load DEM Select a file containing DEM and click OK If a DEM is already loaded to the system it will be used automatically MES If there is loaded DEM the status bar of the window displays the path to opened DEM and its name and there is also the button allowing to close the DEM 4 Click the k amp button of the upper toolbar of the module to open an image to transfer a point from DEM 5 Show the location of anew GCP on images by marker 6 Click the button of the Triang
115. ent of measurements collected during points transfer from other stereopairs since the chain of such transfers may lead to errors accumulation and bring unacceptable result e X parallax clipping allows to specify number of points with minimal and maximal x parallax relatively to total amount of points which will be deleted after filtering in strip and between strips MES It is recommended to apply this rejection method if erroneous points are dispersed clearly along stereopair basis if for example a highway with bright marking goes in parallel to survey basis and correlator puts points on marking line elements which do not correspond with each other e Check by reverse stereopair allows to check the search results on reverse stereo pair if the results are not equal point deletes 87 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation Tie point measurement parameters Fale Eq Search for points Correlator Rejection Miscellaneous m Search for points Number automatically measured points starting with 0 auto 0 Minimum distance between points pix 5 eed Minimum dispersion 3 V Pyramid level for preliminary search 4 Fixed search sequence Use automatic block layout results Points per stereopair means Points to add per session Target number of points on a stereopair Minimum trusted points group size 15 Maximum spread radius within trusted points group 100 pix Maximum points to u
116. eoreference es allows to load georeferenced raster map to another working window allows to add georeferenced vector map of DXF SHP or DGN format to another working window allows to load GC points data from text file to coordin ate table allows to save georeference data to a file of Map nfo TAB format with a name that coincides with the raster map name SH om allow to manage the zoom of map display allows to remove all points from the table and from the map allows to add a new point both to the map and to the coordinate table at that marker coordinates are saved as pixel ones and geodetic coordinates are assigned to 0 value allows to delete a point selected in the table od d at E aj allows to refresh coordinates of selected point to save pixel coordinates of a new marker position on on the map for the point selected in the table a allows to move marker on map point selected in the table that means that the system performs search for selected point on the map allows to copy coordinates of a point selected in the table to clipboard the coordinates are copied in the following format Xp Yp Xg Yg allows to refresh coordinates of selected point to paste them from a clipboard the following formats are acceptable Xg Yg Xg Yg Zg Xp Yp Xg Yg Xp Yp Zp Xg Yg Zg where Zp is identically equal to 0 allows to open Windows standard color box that al lows to choose color of GCP symb
117. eration In the Misc section set the following checkboxes e UTF 8 is used to recognize text in Unicode coding e Parse degrees minutes seconds is used to recognize records from the list of projection centers or GCP When using this parameter it is highly recommended to check recognizing correctness after import operation The Preview file table contains data of imported file Fields type according to the template located in the Line template field are automatically assigned to the table columns eG The symbols marks columns with data which is not imported In the Points with existing names section specify actions to perform when names of imported GC points coincide with points names already existing on the GCP list tab e Replace allows to replace a point with the same name in the list i e the point data will be updated e Skip allows to cancel import of GCP with the same name optional To convert coordinate system set the Convert coordinate system checkbox and specify source and output coordinate systems Click OK The Import ground control points window opens which contains the GCP table to be added Points which names are the same as names of existing GCP in the GCP list of the Triangulation points window are shown by red color new GCP by black color 137 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 gt Import Ground Control Points ue oE Miel ES V 0551 vV 0556 V 0904 V 0906 V
118. ereopairs and non adjacent images Point measured on non adjacent images Other Excluded paint Targeted points Projection center Symbol C oO f gt E aar saa crcl _ Fig 98 Setup of points symbols The window contains the list of all triangulation points In the left column the symbols selected or configured by default for each point type are displayed There is also possibility to change symbol shape and color for tie points both in strip and inter strip To change a symbol perform the following actions 1 Inthe By ties list select a point type which symbol needed to be changed 2 Select Symbol option to define a point s shape circle rhombus or square Oo 3 Click the Color field and select necessary color from standard Windows color palette 4 optional To go back to symbols configured by default click the Cancel button while holding the Alt key 5 Click OK to confirm changes 8 5 Points filter Points filter is intended for displaying of triangulation points of selected types For ex ample it is possible to show only triplet tie points or just GCP and check points 176 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation For points filtering there are two buttons of the left toolbar of the Points measurement module e Sy for filter setup choosing points types to be shown e to apply cancel a filter Triangulation points filtering is available for images opened in the Points m
119. erial triangulation o XY points points with known coordinates X Y o Z points points with known coordinates Z o Nocoordinates points with unknown coordinates ties and projection centers if their coordinates are not available o All allows to select unselect all points mentioned in the section e the By ties section allows to select points to be displayed depending on number of their coordinates measurements on images o Single points which are not measured on any stereopair o Stereopair points measured on one stereopair at least o Triplet points measured on one triplet at least o Strip tie points measured in inter strip overlap area o Non transferred tie points which are not measured on adjacent images o Used tie points used as ties during adjustment o Excluded tie points excluded from adjustment o All allows to select unselect all points mentioned in the section e the Auxiliary section allows to select points to be displayed depending on their type o Geodetic tie points which are not targeted and projection centers o Targeted targeted points o Projection centers projection centers o With changed type points which type was changed during adjustment e the By residual value section allows to select points depending on residual value on the point lt lt The By residual value section is available on block adjustment step only see the
120. error of the Vertical parallax threshold parameter in the Relative orient ation report settings window At the bottom of the table there are final values of vertical parallax residual on all measurements of the stereopair RMS Mean abs and max error The system per forms control of threshold exceeding only for error type specified in the Relative orientation report settings window Values of vertical parallax residuals exceeding specified threshold are highlight by red color the Relative orientation parameters table contains values of calculated relative orient ation angles for the left and right images according to selected angular system and measured units on the Additional tab in the Relative orientation report settings window the Orientation 2D by block scheme and Discrepancy of kappa angles tables contain values of kappa angles lt lt Accuracy control of kappa angles discrepancy between images Is performed if in the Relative orientation report settings window the appropriate checkbox is set and a threshold value for kappa angles discrepancy is specified 120 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation e the Distribution uniformity tables contain information about uniformity of points distri bution over standard zones To estimate the parameter the system analyses a differ ence of points number in each of 6 standard zones Control of points number and uniformity of their distribution on stereopair s zones is performed
121. erstrip tie points that have two or more measurements on selected images m With non adjacent and isolated measurements interstrip tie points without stereopair measurements m On stereopair interstrip tie points that have measurements on a stereopair but without triplet isolated or non adjacent measurements m On triplet interstrip tie points that have measurements on a triplet but without isolated or non adjacent measurements m On stereopair isolated non adjacent interstrip tie points that have stereopair and isolated measurements interstrip tie points that have stereo pair and non adjacent measurements o Additionally m Excluded as tie all tie points on selected images excluded by tie in the Triangulation points window e Also o All without measurements on images coordinates measurements of GC points located on none of block images of the project for example measure ments left after deletion images from the block e By coordinate type o Tie o Ground control o Check o Excluded as control e By measurement mode o Manual to delete manually measured points o Automatical to delete automatically measured tie points In the Delete mode section select points deletion mode 182 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation e Delete measurements of selected points o All to delete all measurements of selected points if at least one measurement of selected point coordinates
122. es of each stereopair of a strip Click the stereopair link to open detailed report on measurements of selected stereopair see the Section 6 9 5 o the Number of points column is used to display a number of points measured on a stereopair o the Vertical parallax column is used to display a value of vertical parallax for all measurements on a stereopair RMS mean abs and maximal error considering threshold parameters error type and measurement units specified in the Relative orientation report settings window A row of stereopair with points which coordinates failed to be calculated is highlighted by red color and in the Vertical parallax column the warning message Coordinates calcu lation failed is displayed with specifying Y parallax value in brackets o the Discrepancy of kappa angle column is used to display a value of kappa angles difference calculated using block scheme between images o the Distribution uniformity column is used to display data about uniform or non uniform distribution of points on a stereopair 115 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation ME A distribution of points on a stereopair is considered as non uniform when in any of 6 standard zones Ha KOTOpbie YCNOBHO Denutcs OOnactTb NepekpbiTUA CHNMKOB a number of points differs more than twice from average number of points in zone o the buttons in the last column allow to highlight cancel highlight of stereopair on a block scheme in 2D
123. f each block image in relation to coordinate system of digital image set of surveying camera parameters that includes coordinates of image principal point camera focal length and objective distortion defined during camera calibration and used for interior orientation Interior orientation parameters of images allow to find out a position of projection center in relation to image in other words to restore set of projecting beams using method of pyramid existed in a moment of photographing A It is necessary to perform interior orientation for central projection images acquired by film or digital camera Interior orientation of scanner images space borne images or ADS 40 80 data are not available in the system since those images are delivered along with metadata files which contain interior orientation parameters see information about types of data projects in the Project creation User Manual o parameters of relative orientation data of relative orientation acquired after measurement of in strip and inter strip tie points coordinates on block images PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation o results of measurements of ground control points GCP coordinates on block im ages see the Section 7 1 e data of interior and or exterior orientation obtained from the data provider IE Delivery set of central projection images may include exterior orientation parameters calcu lated by on board GPS IMU systems or metadata w
124. f fiducial marks for RC 20 RC 30 and LMK cameras To correctly perform automatic interior orientation orientation of the camera image axes should be set correctly see the Section 4 3 To execute automatic interior orientation perform the following actions 1 Choose Orientation gt Interior orientation gt Automatic interior orientation or click the 3 button of the AT additional toolbar The Automatic interior orientation window opens 2 To perform interior orientation in automatic mode select images in the Project im gt Automatic interior orientation fe Ea Project images B ES 38 B E ue Of Ges es Marks search parameters alls SL Sotho Correlation threshold v R09_567 RC 20 x cam V R09_586 RC 20 x cam 7 R09 _585 RC20 x cam Search For marks Aw 2 Search images with int or already performed 7 R10_505 RC20 x cam 7 R10_506 4 RC20 x cam AOO MERIO 507 RC20 x cam Rotation scale shift Affine C Projective pa coat _ Fig 27 The Automatic interior orientation window 3 For automatic search of fiducial marks using correlator that compares fiducial mark image with its template define threshold value in the Correlation threshold input field 0 8 by default 4 optional In the Search for marks section set the Search images with int or already performed checkbox to include to calculation
125. f images of each triplet in a strip After clicking the triplet link the detailed report on selected triplet measurements is opened see the Section 6 9 6 o the Number of points column is used to display number of points measured on triplet 116 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation o the Tie residuals column is used to display values of tie residuals in triplet by XY and Z RMS mean abs and max error considering parameters of threshold error type and measurement units specified in the Relative orientation report settings window Triplet errors by ties exceeding specified thresholds are highlight by red color 6 9 4 The inter strip measurements section The Inter strip measurements section of report is used to view points measurements results inside a strip and contains the following data lt 7 at xX ners Measurements Statistics Stereapairs Strips ECI Complete Complete Residuals Not complete Top Strips 2 1 Vertical Vertical parallax pix pix Saana Number of Discrepancy of kappa Distribution P points rvs Mean men angle rad uniformity abs R10_505 R09_ 587 0 319 0 263 0 643 osas 0 021768629 Non uniform R10_506 R09_586 0 319 0 239 0 935 0 03199809 Uniform R10_S07 RO39_ S85 16 0 260 0 219 0 532 0 05611179 Non uniform to Fig 68 The Inter strip measurements section e The inter strip ties table Statistics
126. file import is availability of survey time data acquired for example during import of exterior orientation parameters from metadata or during data load from GPS receiver MES During import of flight line file the system matches the data using survey time rather than images numbers A To import flight line data it is necessary that format of time in the file of project exterior orientation is corresponding to time format in the flight line file To import flight line data perform the following actions 1 Choose Orientation gt Import gt Import flight line The Import flight line window opens 187 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation oxi Flight path file File name Projectz1 Ph5Data2 Ph5Test Projects Beluga_Group Beluga44080315 csv e V Show CSY parameters Load Line template Start import From line 2 A Preview maximum fio m lines J Automatically validate template Available Fields Field separators Comma M Tab M Space M Semicolon Other Decimal separator Misc Point only I UTF 8 I Parse Point or comma Drag a field name from the list of available Fields on a grid column to assign column type Double click on grid column to cancel assignment Settings Adjust angles Adjust time For selected images ae Ce Ee RC 20 x cam 0 0 0 bs H Bpm Fig 105 Import flight line data 2 In the Flight line file section click
127. fine Projective in the Transform type list 8 Click the Start button to perform semi automatic interior orientation 9 Choose Orientation gt Interior orientation gt Report on interior orientation or click the button of the AT additional toolbar to control results and fix errors of interior orientation see the Section 4 4 6 Below the table of images there are the buttons that allow to open the following windows W Project cameras management Interior orientation manual e 3 Automatic interior orientation Report on interior orientation lt lt The Orientation gt Interior orientation gt Delete interior orientation data menu item is used to remove interior orientation data in case of unsatisfactory results 4 4 5 Automatic interior orientation The system provides possibility to perform interior orientation in automatic mode if template camera is specified in properties of film camera in the Fiducial marks section see the Section 4 3 3 Interior orientation in automatic mode consists in automatic search and measurement of fiducial marks on project images according to specified type of fiducial marks and further interior orientation Specified Fiducial marks parameter already contains inform 46 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation ation about fiducials typical for the selected camera their numbering template and search area MES Current version of the system supports types o
128. from adjacent stereopairs or less due to further filtering Default amount of points is 30 per each images pair in forward overlap and 10 points in side overlap The minimum number of points to perform control by the vertical parallax residual 6 points The Points per stereopair parameter depends on settings defined on the Miscellaneous tab in the Tie point measurement parameters window e Correlation threshold minimal acceptable value of correlation coefficient for tie points that will be selected during automatic search 82 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation gt Recommended values lie in range from 90 to 95 In contrast to all other filtering criteria this parameter directly influences on operation of points measurement and transfer Check for exceeding of correlation threshold is performed only for new points if there are already measured points To check all measured points for exceeding of correlation threshold usually at final stage of collecting measurements of tie points set the additional Delete points with correlation below threshold checkbox on the Rejection tab in the additional parameters window e Maximum vertical parallax in pixels or mm threshold value for rejection executed after points measuring transfer On each step of rejection process the program searches for the point with maximal Y parallax on the stereopair and rejects it After that it makes relative orientation once more and the iteratio
129. ft image and click the L button in the toolbar of this image window F 94 For correlation of all opened images with the active image it is not necessary to choose the eft image PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation 3 Show by marker a terrain point on the lef image 4 Show by marker on other opened images a terrain point that approximately corresponds to this point 5 Click the button on the upper toolbar of the Points measurement window or use the Ctrl Space shortcut After the correlation operation the New tie point window opens that allows to analyse correlation coefficients and make a decision whether to add a new tie point or there is a warning Bad point see the descrip tion above New tie point mei xi Code Name g Image Correlation A R10_505_ Left image R09_587 0 5154 R09 586 0 4242 R09 585 0 4713 R10_507 0 5137 R10_506 0 4737 cont _ Fig 55 Correlation of all opened images with the left image 6 To add a point select images in the list set appropriate checkboxes and click OK otherwise click the Cancel button ME The button on the upper toolbar of the Points measurement window is used to view correlation coefficients of all images with the left image without adding of a tie point In the status bar of each image window which is correlated to the left image the correlation coefficient is displayed And in the status bar of the le
130. ft image there is the auto correlation coefficient The p button on the upper toolbar of the Points measurement window is used for detailed analysis of correlation coefficient of active image with the left image Click this button to open the Coefficient of correlation analyzer window 95 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation Coefficient of correlation analyzer e a lole gt si Fig 56 Analyzer of correlation coefficient To analyze the quality of correlation peak click the button A gaussoid surface will be displayed on a scheme with center in maximal correlation position To setup the o value of gaussoid press and hold the button then select necessary value using the TENEO slider Sigma R 9 A If the same image is chosen as the left and active the auto correlation sigma is displayed minimal sigma value at which no one peak within 10 pixel radius is not out of gaussoid 6 5 Parameters of points coordinates measurement Semi automatic search and measurement of tie points coordinates using correlation algorithm includes matching of corresponding fragments of images considering maximal relative coefficient of correlation A point search using correlator depends on the correl ator parameters settings In order to open the Points measurement settings window click the Ex button on the upper toolbar of the Points measurement module Points measurement settings Eel xi Show report after finished
131. ght fo MV Autocorrelation control Maximum value 30 E a No Strong blur OK Cancel Fig 49 Parameters of correlator The Correlator tab is used to setup parameters of area correlator work and contains the following parameters e Correlation matrix half size pix allows to specify size of correlation matrix by X and Y axes e Autocorrelation control allows to specify level of auto correlation the Maximum value of sigma in Gaussoid that is the top limit of distribution of the mask correlation coefficient in a small area on the same image The more the sigma value the less probability of correct points measurement which were measured using correlation with the given point as an initial one e Do not use image border area is used to specify a size of area near the image border that is not used during correlation operation A Service area width 2 of image width and height by default should not be less than on the image otherwise a big amount of bad points would be measured in image service areas 85 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation e the Image blur slider is used to consider image material quality from No to Strong blur f For images without blur or with negligible blur it is highly not recommended to place the slider to position different from No In most cases the Image blur parameter is applied for processing of UAS images block Tie point measurement parameters lel EG
132. gt lt i n index v 2 gt lt 8 n coords_cam gt lt d n s v 1 O600300000000000e 02 gt lt d n yp v 1 0600500000000 lt x gt lt i n index v 3 gt lt n coords_cam gt lt d n s v 1 06001 OO000000000e 02 gt lt d n p v 1 0600300000000C lt x gt lt in indes v 4 gt lt n coords_cam gt lt d n v 1 0600400000000000e 02 gt lt d n y v 1 06006000000000 lt R gt lt a gt lt x n distortion gt lt sn type y Directed4x an lt s n direction v CamT oMm lt x n symmetry point gt lt d n s v 8 OOOO000000000002e 03 gt lt d n y v 1 OOOO000000000000e 03 gt lt x gt lt x n table_x gt lt w gt Nees n r v 1 OOOO000000000000e 01 gt lt x n dr gt d y 9999999999999995e 04 gt lt d v 2 0000000000000001 e 04 gt lt d v 2 0000000000000001 e 04 gt lt d v 1 0000000000000000e 04 7 gt lt AR gt lt AR gt lt w gt n r v 2 0000000000000000e 01 gt dr gt a v 5 9999999999999995e 04 gt lt d v 5 OO00000000000001 e 04 gt lt d v 5 9999999999999995e 04 gt lt d v 1 O000000000000000e 04 gt lt AR gt lt i gt lt w gt lt dn r v 3 0000000000000000e 01 7 gt lt x n dr gt soy v ooo0000000000002e 04 2 9999999999999997 NA Fig 22 Camera parameters in the file of x cam format 4 4 Interior orientation of film camera
133. h are already measured on images set the Clear before import checkbox 4 Click OK to add points to catalogue 5 Find and add these points on the map by clicking the button and match geodetic coordinates of point selected in the table to pixel coordinates of the point on the map to load georeferenced raster map click the J button Reference map is opened in the separate Map window next to the window with un referenced raster map and allows to acquire geodetic coordinates in any point Show by marker two identical terrain points both on raster and vector reference maps Click the amp button to add GC point on the raster map and to the coordinates table to load georeferenced vector map click the button Reference vector map is opened in the separate Map map next to the window with un referenced raster 156 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation map and allows to acquire geodetic coordinates in any point Show by marker two identical terrain points both on raster and vector reference maps Click the button to add GC point on the raster map and to the coordinates table 4 In order to add geodetic coordinates of GCP on the map manually perform the fol lowing actions 1 2 6 Locate GC point on the map and place marker to this terrain point Click the button The point s pixel coordinates are added to the table Input manually geodetic coordinates of this point into the Xg Yg columns and specify the poi
134. he links in upper part of a report o jump to in strip measurements allows to view the points measurements inside strips o jump to inter strip measurements allows to view the points measurements between strips o see also the interior orientation report allows to open report on interior orientation o Back allows to go back to previous report view o Refresh allows to refresh relative orientation results in the report after tie points editing in the Points measurement module o Report parameters allows to change the parameters and refresh the report o Unselect all allows to cancel data selection in the report o Top allows to go to the report top the Block statistics section of a report used to view general statistics contains the following information o a project name o a total number of project strips images o anumber of selected strips images o report generating date the In strip measurements section of a report used to view and analyse points measurements inside strips contains the following tables o Statistics table on in strip measurements strips table o table of stereopairs of each strip o table of triplets of each strip lt lt In inter strip stereopairs and triplets tables there is a possibility to go to the Points measure ment module and open images of selected stereopair triplet automatically that allows to edit points measurements there the Inter s
135. he system performs automatic search and measurement of tie points coordinates Information about recommended zones is located in the Section 6 1 The Points transfer section contains the following parameters 90 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation Strict limits for initial point position if the checkbox is set the system performs search for a point only inside of image otherwise the search is possible out of the image boundary if the Search area parameter value on the Search for points tab exceeds the image size e Automatically transfer manually measured allows to transfer tie and or GCP measured manually e Automatically reject manually measured if the checkbox set on tie and or GC points manually measured are not transferred e Points measured automatically allows to transfer and filter GC points measured automatically A lf checkboxes for filter are set on but checkboxes for transfer are set off filter does not per form because there is no transfered points The Rejection by angles section allows to specify parameters of measured points fil tering by single or multiple relative orientation parameters of the right or left image In some cases after automatic measurement of tie points coordinates due to erroneous points the images are rotated in a block and their relative orientation parameters are calculated incorrectly To prevent images rotation the filtering of measured tie points by the values of
136. he system provides possibility of quick export of project triangulation points to GeoMo saic and to use them as tie points there 193 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation To export coordinates measurements of project triangulation points to GeoMosaic perform the following actions 1 Choose Orientation gt Export gt Load triangulation points as GeoMosaic tie points The Load triangulation points window opens gt Load triangulation points Select point coordinate sources J Ground control point catalogue V Block scheme J Adjustment results i Fig 109 Load triangulation points as Geomosaic tie points optional To export triangulation points from GCP list see the Section 6 2 the Ground control point catalogue checkbox is set by default optional To export triangulation points from the Block scheme layer in 2D window the Block scheme checkbox is set by default optional To export adjusted points coordinates from GCP catalogue the Adjustment results checkbox is set by default Click OK The system displays information window containing information about added or skipped points Click OK The Triangulation points Vectors layer is created Vector point objects triangulation points are displayed on block scheme in 2D window When creating a project in GeoMosaic using project images there is a possibility to use the Trian gulation points Vectors layer as tie points 9 4 2 Export of projec
137. ified in such a way 83 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation e DEM allows to choose a DEM if any to consider its data during automatic tie points measurement For this it is necessary to have saved adjustment results available IE This parameter allows to use DEM for calculation of the true position of the point Thereby the required search area of points reduces 6 3 4 Additional parameters of automatic measurement of tie points coordinates For more detailed setup and adjustment and refinement of the basic parameters of tie points coordinates measurement the Tie point measurement parameters window of additional parameters is used It is opened using the More button located in the main Automatic tie point measurement window Tie point measurement parameters Eiei xi Search for points Corelator Rejection Miscellaneous Search area pix fi 000 Contrast point search area pix ii Tries per point V Multipass points search Search the whole images area J On neighbor images in strips On other image pairs Fig 48 Points search parameters The Tie point measurement parameters window contains four tabs with parameters A To reset to default parameters delete the ProjCorrMatchOptions x ini file located in the project root folder The Search for points tab allows to setup the following parameters e Search area pix allows to specify a halfsize of area of matching point search
138. il per image Check points 3 4 pointsin double overlap area Tie points RPC method Aerial triangulation Stereoblock iM Cartosat 1 IRS ps 45 per stereopair 3 4 points in quadruple overlap area Fig 115 Number of points recommended for adjustment of scanner block by RPC method MES Number of GCP could be decreased due to tie points measured in quadruple overlap 200 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation Generic method Monoblock Stereoblock Landsat 7 ETM IRS 1C PAN 7 10 IRS 1D per IRS P6 Resourcesat 1 image ALOS AVNIR 2 Ground control points Check points Not Not Tie points P necessarily necessarily Fig 116 Number of points recommended for adjustment of scanner block by generic method gt Recommended number of check points on images is not absolute and in many cases is determ ined by the customer requirements to specific project Nevertheless it is necessary to have check points available for objective estimation of adjustment accuracy 201
139. image window 3 Show by marker a terrain point on the lef image 4 Show by marker a terrain point on the active image different from the eff one that approximately corresponds to this point eG The active image window is highlighted by blue frame 5 optional In order to place marker on all opened images to marker position on the active image double click selected terrain point on the image 92 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation ME When place marker within a radius of 10 pixels around existing tie point an existing point will be edited during using the correlator rather than a new point will be created 6 Click the button of the upper toolbar of the Points measurement window After correlation operation one of the following events will occur o if the system failed to calculate correlation coefficient the Bad point warning will appear o if correlation coefficient is calculated successfully the New tie point window opens The window displays point s code and name by default for its editing it is possible to use any symbols and calculated correlation coefficient New tie point fel ES Code F Name g Image Correlation f v R10_505 Left image RO9_S87 0 6160 coat _ Fig 53 Correlation of the active image with the left image Data display in the coefficients table depends on values of the Correlation threshold for points measurement and Correlation threshold for marker
140. images 4 4 1 Interior orientation modes In order to perform interior orientation of images acquired by film camera the system provides the following modes interior orientation in manual mode using measurement of coordinates of fiducial marks on all project images see the Section 4 4 2 interior orientation in semi automatic mode using image template with already measured coordinates of fiducial marks and available interior orientation see the Section 4 4 4 interior orientation in automatic mode using camera template with defined type of fi ducial marks see the Section 4 4 5 4 4 2 Manual measurement of fiducial marks coordinates To perform Interior orientation of image the Interior orientation window is used 39 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation R10_S06 InfoMap_copy Interior orientation e 4727 08 r qQ ANAE QAAE Image information 2 Marker coordinates pix ee x 529 608 width pix ei itists eee 635 893 0 0029 RR 106 0050 10623 803 10659 927 0 0029 0 0000 10635 893 SSA 106 0030 10647 861 564 734 0 0029 0 0000 E amera information 106 0060 552 971 540 695 0 0029 0 0000 Name Rc 20 x cam Camera type Fiducial coordinates Focal Paman 153 4060000 Distortion j directions x Name Delete measurement Marker coordinates mm x 105 9961 Y 106 0020 Transform type affine 1 24 1 1 Marker 529 608 10635 8593 pix 105 99
141. in the ens window the table of fiducial marks in the Measurements section is used to display fiducials coordinates from camera passport in mm measured coordinates acquired after measuring of fiducial coordinates and values of their discrepancies after interior ori entation operation marker coordinates in pixels and mm buttons used to measure and delete fiducial coordinates a list used to choose a transform type the status bar used to display image zoom ratio in the main window and the ens window and marker coordinates in pixels After measuring of two fiducial marks the status bar shows also marker coordinates on image in mm marker coordinates on image considering distortion in mm and pixel size in mm the Apply button allows to perform image interior orientation after measuring of its fiducial marks In order to perform manual measurement of fiducial marks coordinates on project images perform the following actions 1 Highlight a block in 2D window ans choose Orientation gt Interior orientation gt Manual interior orientation or click the button of the AT additional toolbar The Interior orientation window opens 41 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation R10_S06 InfoMap_copy Interior orientation ee 227 OB Blr Qq A A A E qA AAE Image information 9 TET Marker coordinates pix Name xi 529 608 5 p 106 0020 529 6005 0635 593 0 29 Width pix ji 1162 106 0030 106 00
142. in the table to measure its coordinates on images and click the Ek button or double click the point name in the table The Points measurement module is opened If at least three GCP were already measured on block images or there was executed preliminary orientation in geodetic coordinate system by projection centers for in stance the system performs automatic search for corresponding terrain point on block images and places marker on this image point oP When the system performs a search for terrain point in mode of images automatic selection the i button of the Triangulation points window is clicked it automatically opens all images that contain the terrain point with measurements or without them otherwise only images that contain measurements of selected point 138 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation lf GCP measurements or preliminary orientation results are unavailable click the button of the upper toolbar of the Points measurement module Select and open images and perform a search for terrain point manually 3 Measure coordinates of GC point on a single or multiple images the point lies in the overlap area using one of the following ways IE To measure and edit GCP coordinates it is recommended to use the All triangulation points tab in the module that contains data of all measurements and features of points sorting filtering and search e GCP coordinates measurement without correlator is used if a point is l
143. input parameters of film camera perform the following actions 1 Choose Orientation gt Manage cameras or click the button on the AT toolbar The Manage project cameras window opens 2 Click the gg button to specify a new project camera The Camera window opens IE Use the ga button to edit parameters of existing camera 27 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation Camera Bijel xi Import Export Standard cameras Camera Camera type Fiducial marks C Digital Film Fiducial coordinates o l Show digital camera parameters in Fiducial marks template mm C pix Rc20 camera o Focal length mm 153 4060 Calibration date Principal point mm x 0 0050 105 9990 106 0020 106 0030 106 0050 106 0010 106 0030 ue 0 0050 106 0040 106 0060 Description i oie 28 xB Distortion 4 directions x Point of symmetry zero distortion mm Ki 0 0080 Yi 0 0010 To principal point 1 4 0 600 s 0 100 Ox 20 0000 0 600 0 500 0 600 0 100 3 2 30 0000 0 400 0 300 0 700 0 300 40 0000 0 100 0 300 0 400 0 400 50 0000 0 100 1 000 0 100 0 600 60 0000 0 500 0 800 0 500 0 700 70 0000 0 300 0 800 0 200 0 400 80 0000 0 800 0 100 0 200 0 500 90 0000 0 100 0 300 0 700 0 500 100 0000 0 400 0 500 0 200 0 300 xl wB 0 0 m _ Fig 12 Parameters of film camera 3 Inthe Camera type section set the Film option 4 Specify a camera name in the Ca
144. ion gt Delete point measurements or click the f button of the AT panel toolbar of on the main toolbar of the Points measurement module The Delete points measurements window opens 179 2 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation Delete point measurements l Ed Selected images with point measurements Select points 3B EB Se ue Of GBs RE By measurement type T All Strip points I Ties on selected images Isolated V R09_587 On stereopairs V R09_586 7 On triplets v R09_585 7 With non adjacent measurements Interstrip points Allinterstrip ties Interstrip ties For selected strips I Ties on selected images With non adjacent and isolated measurements On stereopairs I Ontriplets Symbols I Onstereopairs isolated and non adjacent Additionally By measurement mode 7 Excluded as tie Manual M Automatical Also All without measurements on images Delete mode Delete measurements of selected points By coordinate type All IV Tie On selected images I Ground control Only non adjacent and isolated Check Delete For points with coordinates Excluded as control OPERE ont iv all Points completely cont _ Fig 100 Choosing of points types to be deleted In the Selected images with point measurements section select project images with measured points coordinates that should be deleted The section contai
145. ion in active profile resources eG To save setting to a file with x ini extension located out of active profile resources open drop down list by clicking the arrow next to the lal button and choose Save settings to file e Setting saving is used to create files with settings directed to work with certain type of block kind of images or terrain etc The Tasks section is used to specify the following actions during automatic tie points measurement e Measure tie points in stereopairs allows to perform search and measurement of tie points coordinates on in strip and inter strip stereopairs MES A stereopair is called in strip if it is formed by two adjacent images in a strip and inter strip is any other stereopair of a block 81 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation e Transfer tie points allows to perform transfer of measured points to adjacent stereo pairs transfer of points located in triple overlap area to adjacent models and transfer of tie points to adjacent strips e Filter tie points by relative orientation allows to perform points filtering that have measurements exceeding specified values of errors thresholds F F Points check if to filter them or not is performed sequentially by errors type first check whether the point falls within specified correlation threshold then whether it does not exceed maximal vertical parallax value and finally search for triplet errors is performed if the appro priate
146. ion values by diagonal directions The figure above shows a table of distortion values by diagonal directions Directions orientation is shown on a scheme right of the table Each row of the table allows to input the following values distance from point of symmetry radius in the first column and distortion values in the columns corresponding to the numbers of dir ections 30 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation The following buttons are used to add delete lines and edit values in the table e lt H allows to add a new line Ctrl Ins e wB allows to delete selected line Ctri Del e allows to revert a distortion sign e i allows to multiply distortion values by 1 000 to convert them into microns i allows to divide distortion values by 1 000 to convert them into microns lt Positive values of distortion coefficients mean shift of image away from the center and negative towards the center 12 Click OK to complete input of camera parameters 4 3 4 Digital camera parameters Perform the following actions to input digital camera parameters 1 Choose Orientation gt Manage cameras or click the i button of the AT additional toolbar The Manage project cameras window opens 2 Click the gg button to specify a new project camera The Camera window opens od 7 i button to edit parameters of existing camera a Use the i 31 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Camera Import Export Standard
147. is impossible to measure more than 1 point in each of 3 zones for example if water body covers more than a half of strip width use bundle adjustment During this operation it is necessary to measure more tie points during relative orientation and in interstrip ties In areas where there is no images overlap but it is necessary to provide high ac curacy it is recommended to use not transferred points as well Not transferred point points which coordinates are measured only on a single image in one strip it is not measured in overlap of adjacent images in a strip 6 11 2 Errors control in triplets During errors control you should consider that height errors in triplets are bigger on average than plane errors A coefficient is equal to survey height basis ratio Too big height errors in triplets are usually caused by the following reasons e wrong points measurement e interior orientation errors 124 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation e blunders in focus length e blunders in distortion input If it is impossible to reduce height errors by control of wrong points measurement it is recommended to check accuracy of images relative orientation If the strip is drifted too much in height it is recommended to check camera parameters distortion The system does not provide errors control in triplets for this strip adjustment is used one of a block strips by independent strips method in free model In this case
148. is out of scope 11 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation ME This mode allows just images scaling and DEM considering By centers used to create block layout by coordinates of images projection centers and is intended for creation of UAS images block scheme MES This mode allows just images scaling and DEM considering lt lt As other data is accumulated and becomes available a block layout created by projection centers coordinates is automatically adjusting using the Block gt Block layout Refresh menu item 4 optional To create block layout by part of images block set the Use subblock checkbox on and click the Select subblock button Choose images to define con tains of a subblock with standard images selection tools and click OK 5 Setup parameters of selected mode In the By ties mode set the following checkboxes Initial approximation overlap allows to specify size of overlap area between interstrip in strip images in percent if size of the overlaps are constant within a block This data is necessary for creation of primary block layout In other case for layout creation different data is used quick ties for instance QuickTies allows to use manual linking lines between the same points of terrain roughly specified on adjacent images with accuracy of several hundreds of pixels It is recommended to set at least two links for each stereopair and two links between strips of a block
149. ith exterior orientation parameters for UltraCam camera For space borne scanner images metadata with interior exterior orient ation parameters or RPC coefficients For ADS 40 80 images also metadata with interi or exterior orientation parameters MES If high precision exterior orientation parameters are available for central projection images it is possible to exclude steps of measurement of tie and GCP coordinates as well as block adjustment step and to proceed to project processing right away see the Vectorization and DEM User Manuals In this case on a step of data collection for aerial triangulation it is necessary to perform exterior orientation parameters import and then perform adjustment using imported data see the Section 7 8 e auxiliary data overlap size of block images quick ties data ground sample distance GSD or data about elevation difference on terrain Main and additional data for aerial triangulation is used to create block layout that is used for visual control of block scheme during the data collection Created block layout may be considered for initial adjustment see the Block adjustment User Manual Block layout approximate scheme of terrain obtained using projecting of matched images of a block on specified surface Earth surface considering images overlaps relative position ro tation by angles in a space 2 3 Aerial triangulation workflow This chapter contains r
150. its Normal Radians High C Degrees Maximal C Gons m _ Fig 65 Additional report parameters 7 Click OK The report on relative orientation results is opened It considers all spe cified main and additional parameters see the Section 6 9 2 6 9 2 Report view and analysis Report on relative orientation includes results of relative orientation operation displays statistics of tie points measurement and allows to reveal and eliminate errors of points measurement The report is generated for all or for selected project images considering parameters specified in the Relative orientation report settings window ME A feature of relative orientation report is the ability to pass to the Points measurement module directly from the report that allows to eliminate detected measurement errors ME It is possible to view relative orientation report from different windows of the system using the button The Relative orientation report settings window opens before the report displaying When the report is opened in the Points measurement module the Relative orientation report settings window in not opened and the report is opened only for images opened in the module considering preset or default parameters To view and edit the parameters it is possible to use the link in the report window Report parameters 111 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation Report Beles 2 AB 6h Relative Orientation Report
151. k e during the adjustment step perform the following actions 98 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation 1 Select a point on a block scheme or in a list which error exceeds specified threshold value 2 Click the button The Information window opens 3 Click the 3 Measure button As a result marker is placed to a position of selected point on all images only on images with point measurements To change point s position perform one of the following actions e change point s position manually or using correlator in the same way as during measurement of point s coordinates e click the button of image window toolbar to move the point along vector of the tie error on a single image or click the button of the upper toolbar to move the point on all images e click the amp button of image window toolbar to move the point along vector of the GCP error on a single image or click the 4s button of the upper toolbar to move the point on all images Es To display vectors of tie and GCP errors the system provides the and amp buttons of the left toolbar correspondingly lt lt When using the 4 4 buttons to change over block images a marker is fixed to selected point position To fix a marker in relation to image border it is possible to use the AIt H shortcut Click the Apply button to confirm the changes or click OK to confirm the changes and exit from the Points measurement module
152. kflow One of the stages of building a triangulation network is images relative orientation that requires measured coordinates of tie points Tie points the same points on the terrain on adjacent block images needed to build single models from stereopairs and then to merge them into triangulation networks After measurement of tie point coordinates it is necessary to perform relative orientation of block images to input and measure GCP coordinates to perform network adjustment and to obtain exterior orientation parameters of a block Measuring of tie point coordinates is stereoscopic measurement i e measuring of coordinates of the same point on both stereopair images at once or on multiple over lapped adjacent images in stereomode Measuring of tie point coordinates on two images of a stereopair in manual mode is performed in the system using one of the following ways e manual measuring of point coordinates on each of stereopair images e manual measuring of point coordinates on a single image and transfer it to another image using correlator e manual measuring of point coordinates on each image in stereomode e search of a point and measuring its coordinates on image using correlator The system also allows to measure tie points coordinates on block images in fully automatic mode f During removing images from a project it is strongly recommended to synchronize data in the project in order to remove unnecessary resu
153. l When deleting images from a project it is highly recommended to synchronize data in a project to remove redundant results of orientation To do this choose Project Synchronize In order to use GC points during block adjustment perform the following actions 1 Input coordinates of GCP to coordinates list 125 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation 2 Measure coordinates of GC points on project images A To perform correct block adjustment it is recommended to measure coordinates of all input GC points on block images since all points both measured and unmeasured take part in statistics during block adjustment Otherwise it is possible to exclude unmeasured points on steps of coordinates measurement and block adjustment 7 2 List of exterior orientation parameters The exterior orientation parameters are projection centers coordinates of each block image 3 angles omega phi kappa as well as survey time All the above parameters describe image position in space In order to view import input or edit exterior orientation parameters choose Orientation gt Exterior orientation data list or click the 2 button of the main toolbar of the system or of the AT additional toolbar The Exterior orientation parameters window opens which contains a table list of exterior orientation parameters and its toolbar Use the Ctrl mouse wheel to quickly scroll through the list aHanorm4yHo nonocam npoKpyTKU OKHa To na
154. l For automatic selection of current template the Automatically validate template checkbox is set by default In order to setup a template for a file that contains lines with different number of columns clear the Automatically validate template checkbox and setup the template manually in the Line template field 6 optional In order to define a line from which to start data import input the line number to the Start import from line field 7 optional In order to display necessary number of lines in the Preview file table set the Preview maximum parameter 10 lines are displayed by default 8 In the Available fields section select desired field name and drag it on a table column To cancel the selection of the field name double click the column header 9 Inthe Field separators section set single or multiple checkboxes to specify field separators in the file comma space tab semicolon or other The comma and space are set by default 10 In the Decimal separator section set the following parameters 136 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation 11 12 13 14 15 e Point only to use only a point as a decimal separator in coordinates e Point or comma to use both a point and a comma as a decimal separator in coordinates f If the Field separator is selected as a comma it is not recommended to specify the Decimal separator as a comma since objects with incorrect coordinates will be created after import op
155. late image 3 Use sliders in the Marks search parameters section to define the following search parameters e Mark area size is used to define fiducial template Setup the fiducial area size in such way that fiducial image is fully located in search area e Search area size is used to define fiducial location If images are sliced unevenly and fiducial marks are located at different distances from image edge on different images it is recommended to set sufficiently large search area outer rectangle which circumscribe a fiducial mark 45 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation IE In order to specify search areas use the image view window and the lens window along with buttons of toolbar The Ctri F8 shortcut allows to show hide scroll bars in view windows 4 For automatic search of fiducial marks using correlator that compares fiducial mark image with its template define threshold value in the Correlation threshold input field 0 9 by default 5 Choose images in the Project images table to perform interior orientation in semi automatic mode 6 optional In the Search for marks section set the Search images with int or already performed checkbox to include to calculation the images from selected ones which have interior orientation results available i e to recalculate interior orientation for them in accordance with the selected template 7 Choose one of the following transformation type Rotation Scale Shift Af
156. lements e the Orientation gt Manage cameras menu item allows to create cameras of a project e the Orientation gt Interior orientation menu items allow to perform interior orientation and accuracy control e buttons of additional AT toolbar duplicate menu items and are used for quick access to the items In order to open the AT toolbar choose Window gt Toolbars gt AT 20 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation Table 2 Brief description of the Interior orientation menu Report on interior orientation allows to open a report about interior orientation results see the Section 4 4 6 E Manual interior orientation only for film camera images allows to measure manually coordinates of fiducial marks on images Semiautomatic interior orientation only for film camera images allows to perform semiautomatic interior orientation which is to use image standard with template of fiducial marks pos ition used to search the same fiducial marks on other project images amp Automatic interior orientation only for film camera images is used to perform automatic interior orientation which is the automatic recognition of fiducial marks by their type peculiar to certain analog camera images J Calculate interior orientation allows to re calculate interior orientation parameters Delete interior orientation data allows to open the Select images window that is used to delete results of fiducial marks measure ments on selected i
157. llow ing actions 1 Click the Lk button The Add images window opens 65 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation Add images ile Es Strips Images 2 lv R03 587 ROS_S86 E R09_595 A Selected 4 images caval _ Fig 38 Manual selection of images to add or open them in the Points measurement module lt lt Strips and images containing highlighted tie point in a list or on opened images are shown by light green background color 2 optional For automatic selecting of images containing a point highlighted in the Triangulation points window click the 4 button 3 Set checkboxes near images names to open them in the Points measurement window 4 Click OK Marker in opened windows will be positioned to a supposed area of the point position Each image window in the module contains the following interface elements e buttons of upper toolbox used to work with image QA A BE o st allows to add point and measurement in marker position O Standard buttons for image management in the window o L allows to move and add selected point to marker s position 4 allows to move a point along tie residual vector O o J allows to move a point along GCP residual vector O iy allows to remove measurement results for point selected on image o L allows to select image as a left one with which the rest images will be cor related
158. lts of orientation To do this choose Project gt Syn chronize The following recommendations should be considered during tie points measurement e to perform relative orientation it is recommended to combine two methods first ex ecute automatic measurement with bad points filtering and than manual mode for editing of measurements acquired in automatic mode and adding of new tie points to accumulate measurements that allows to increase relative orientation accuracy e when using only manual procedures for tie points measurement the optimal way is measuring at least 2 tie points in 6 standard zones for each stereopair in a strip 70 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation haBbvan TOHA CHAMEA O 30Ha QNA HMepSHHA CRAJ THER Fig 41 Recommended zones to measure tie points coordinates in strips e in order to consolidate images strips into a block it is recommended to measure tie points coordinates in inter strip overlap zones on both sides in relation to a midline of inter strip overlap area Fig 42 Recommended location of tie points in inter strip images overlap areas If block adjustment is performed using independent models method it is necessary to transfer inter strip tie points to at least one adjacent image in each strip Otherwise they will be not taken into account when using this type of block adjustment see the Block adjustment User Manual 6 2 The Triangulation points window Th
159. ly 1 1 5098 0000 6525 0000 1 i 01 1 1642 6751 5744 1056 83 0246 mm 2 5779 mm gt a4 i 2 x Fig 37 Interstrip stereopair in the Points measurement module The system provides opportunity to transform images during displaying in the opened windows of the Points measurement module The transformation influences on images display and on measurement of points coordinates using correlator 61 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation To choose a transformation type click on the arrow to the right of the 3 button Opened menu contains the following items e No transform allows to cancel images transformation images are shown without rotation e Rotation by block scheme 90 multiple allows to rotate images by images rotation angle which occurs during block forming in 2D window rounded to the nearest angle multiple of 90 e Rotation by block scheme exact allows to rotate images by images rotation angle which occurs during block forming in 2D window e Block layout rotation allows to rotate images according to block scheme e Block layout scale and rotation scale and rotation are used during transformation according to block scheme e Block layout projective transform image projective transformation is used during transformation exactly in the same way as on block scheme e Image scale allows to change basic scale of images for correlator the same scale is used during image
160. m import export of exterior orientation parameters to define a type of exterior orientation parameters to exclude coordinates to define kappa angle etc Es Excluded coordinates values are displayed in the table by grey color It is possible to edit these values and after that the coordinates are automatically considered during adjustment ME If there are XY points or Z points with unused coordinates available the coordinates values are not deleted and are displayed in the table as inactive IE Points with not specified angles RMS but at least one angle value is specified are displayed in the table as inactive If both angles RMS values and angles values are not specified in the table then the angles are not shown in the table If there are no exterior orientation parameters for some images but survey time is spe cified for them the button is used to calculate missing exterior orientation parameters for all or for selected images using linear interpolation by time IE It is recommended to calculate missing exterior orientation parameters using linear interpolation by time for UAS images since the time data is acquired from images containing metadata The system provides connection between the Exterior orientation parameters window and 2D window images selected in 2D window are automatically selected in the table of the Exterior orientation parameters window When the images are selected in the table they are automatically selected
161. mage M or for the left one iL To restore brightness and contrast settings to default values right click the settings panel and select the Reset item ME Brightness contrast and gamma settings are not restored after the module restart To measure points coordinates in stereomode perform the following actions 1 Inthe Points measurement window select eft and active images of a stereopair 2 Specify approximately by marker the same terrain points on these images and click the fj button of the main toolbar of the Points measurement module By default a single window with stereoimage instead of all opened windows of images will be opened in the module ME Click the f button while holding pressed the Shift key to open a stereo window with size of two images on place of the left and active images or hold the Ctrl key to open a stereo window with size of one window on place of the left image IE The Esc key allows to close a stereo window and to go back to opened windows of the Points measurement module 3 Click the button or use the CtrI F6 shortcut to turn on the stereocomparator mode which is on by default 4 To measure points coordinates in stereocomparator mode perform the following actions 1 Place a marker at the terrain point 103 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation 2 Remove a X parallax rotating mouse wheel or using horizontal arrows to move left or right image 3 To measure coordinate
162. mages 4 2 Interior orientation workflow Interior orientation is performed to calculate parameters which define a position and orientation of film image coordinate system relatively to coordinate system of digital image Besides interior orientation allows to define parameters describing a systematic film image distortion can be found Result of interior orientation operation is obtaining of interior orientation parameters used to transform measurement results from the digital image coordinate system to the film image coordinate system Three types of transformation from the digital image coordinate system to the film image coordinate system are implemented in the system according to camera passport data affine projective and rotation scale shift Affine and projective transformations are usually performed if during calibration fiducial marks coordinates were specified in surveying camera coordinate system These transformations are executed while exclud ing systematic distortion on images To define parameters of affine transformation it is necessary to measure coordinates of at least three fiducial marks and to define projective transformation parameters at least four fiducial marks Otherwise it is necessary to apply simple rotation scale shift transformation MES Interior orientation is performed for central projection images acquired by film or digital camera Interior orientation of scanner images space borne images or A
163. mages if angular exterior orientation parameters of block images are specified with low accuracy or are unavailable For this operation it is necessary to use the button on the Exterior ori entation parameters window toolbox For each highlighted image the system calculates the direction from previous to next center in a strip for utmost images of a strip from adjacent image to the current one and kappa angle is setup from this direction A If the survey time is available the correct images order is checked otherwise images in strips should be located in chronological order only PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation For quick access to functions of block layout creation it is used the additional Block layout toolbox which buttons partly duplicate the Block Block layout menu To open the Block layout toolbox select Window gt Toolbars gt Block layout The Block layout menu contains menu items used to perform the following operations e E Refresh allows to rebuild a block layout after some changes equivalent to the action of the Apply button in the Block layout window Es Block layout mode is not change when the 4 Refresh button or menu item is used HO W o layout allows to cancel block layout creation and reverts a block scheme to its initial state after images load equivalent to the W o layout mode in the Block layout window ES By exterior orientation allows to create a block layout using only impor
164. mages in the Points measurement module Triangulation points total 154 visible 154 ay GCP list ox All triangulation points AA KV YIM B eR B YPE pixm B Code name tye v 4 x o m m m 2 e Tie Tie Tie Tie Tie Tie Ground Control Ground Control Check Ground Control Ground Control Ground Control Ground Control Ground Control 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 Ground Control 1 1 t etteeeeertertettteetet Se m m NN O ae ON N Ground Control Fig 44 Triangulation points list Table 7 Toolbar of the Triangulation points window on the All triangulation points tab allows to open the Find window allowing to search a point by its name Input full name or its part define the search direction and click the Find next button Found point is highlighted in the list The Points measurement module shows all positions of found point on images allows to use selected points as tie points if these points were excluded previously Ctrl l In this case previously excluded GC point that is measured on multiple images is used only as tie In order to use the point as a GCP select the Ground Control type on the GCP list tab in editing mode allows to not use selected points as tie points i e to exclude the points from calculation of relative orientation CtrI E Excluded point is marked by sign but is not removed When excluding GC
165. manually specify the Search area of corresponding point on image in meters the default value is 100 specify the Correlation mask halfsize by X and Y axes pix the default value is 12 set the Contrast point search area checkbox and specify a size of the area in meters the default value is 10 where the system will search for the point with maximal contrast E It is necessary to define more precisely this area size to process data with big monochro matic areas IE When measuring points in low contrast areas it is recommended to set 0 value for ex ample when maximal contrast corresponds to forested areas where there are good chances of correlator errors specify the Correlation threshold minimal value of correlation coefficient for points coordinates measurement 0 8 by default Points that have correlation threshold below specified value are not considered during adding the Bad point warning appears E Correlation threshold is defined considering source data quality 7 To add GCP using correlator it is possible to use the following buttons of the Add GCPs from map window toolbar a Correlate and move marker allows to search for corresponding point on opened images of the Points measurement module using correlator In case of successful correlation marker is moved to the found point otherwise the Bad point warning appears H Add point with correlation on the active image allows to add measu
166. mera input field 5 Input focal length in mm in the Focal length input field 6 optional Set the Calibration date checkbox and select calibration date 7 Input principal point coordinates in mm in the Principal point fields 8 optional Input the Description arbitrary text used for example for easy identific ation of the camera and projects where it is used 9 Inthe Fiducial marks list choose one of the following data types according to the camera calibration data if any e Principal point only principal point coordinates Xo and Yo in mm If calibration data is unavailable and there are no fiducial marks interior orientation is performed only using principal point coordinates 28 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation e Fiducial marks this option is used if there are no reference values of distances between fiducial marks and fiducial coordinates values but there is a possibility to calculate principal point coordinates in a crossover point of lines connecting fiducials e Calibrated distances allows to set reference values of distances between fi ducial marks in mm by XY axes Lx and Ly e Fiducial coordinates allows to set coordinates of fiducial marks X Y if they are available in the camera passport 10 optional In the Fiducial marks template list select appropriate camera template 11 which type of fiducial marks corresponds to current camera Selected type of fiducial marks cont
167. mmended to set the Delete measurements on non adjacent images checkbox on the first step and to not to use this parameter on the second step e Delete single points allows to reject points measured on single images e Delete points with correlation below threshold allows to delete points previously measured using correlator if their correlation coefficient in below threshold value 86 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation specified in the Correlation threshold field of the Automatic tie point measurement window IE It is recommended to use the option for recurrent or final points filtration since the filtering covers all measured points not only new ones added during just another start of automatic tie points measurement operation e Delete points surplus allows to delete points if their number exceeds number spe cified in the Points per stereopair field of the Automatic tie point measurement window sorted by the Y parallax in descending order ME The parameter considers whether the Filter points by zones checkbox is marked that allows to delete points evenly It is recommended to use the option after the initial tie points meas urement on UAS images f The points are deleted regardless of type and number of measurements per point the system may delete both GC point and the points in triple overlap e Check correlation of measurements transferred from other stereopairs is used to check on each stereopair correlation coeffici
168. n is executed until max imal Y parallax exceeds the parameter specified here or until 6 points or less remain on stereopair Recommended value is a pixel size e Maximum error in triplets in XY plane and by Z in pixels meters or mm threshold discrepancy of points measurements on adjacent stereopairs in triple overlapping zone of adjacent images in a strip Use the following formula to calculate values of acceptable errors in triplets Emax 2 Emean Where Emean acceptable mean error Mean triplet errors in XY plane is calculated using the following formula RMS V2 Emean Mean error by Z equals the mean error value in XY plane multiplied by the ratio of focal length f to survey basis b 4 _f xy E mean Ob E mean a e Measure points by zones allows to apply a method of sequential measurement by zones of overlap area If the checkbox is cleared points search is performed over the whole area of images overlap The system allows to select zones and define their size in the Zones section on the Miscellaneous tab of the additional parameters window e Filter points by zones is used to filter points in stereopair zones sequentially The operation provides filtering the worst by parallax points on stereopair passing zone by zone one after another So the worst point on stereopair is found and deleted first then the worst one in the next zone and so on Uniformity of point s distribution on stereopair is also ver
169. n points view control The Triangulation points display options window allows to setup display of the following triangulation points e Measurements all triangulation points measured on block images e Source coordinates only GC check points with source coordinates input to the list of GCP coordinates see the Section 7 1 e Adjusted coordinates all triangulation points with coordinates acquired after ad justment see the Block adjustment User Manual e Block scheme position all triangulation points with averaged coordinates of block scheme the option is used in mode of block scheme without reference for instance lt lt The Block scheme position points type is unavailable for display of triangulation points in the stereopair window The ability to display a particular type of points depends on the current mode in 2D window It is possible to select one of the following modes in upper part of the Triangu lation points display options window e georeferenced block scheme the system displays any types of points e block scheme without georeference the system displays only results of measure ments on block images and points positions in averaged coordinates e stereopair the system displays only results of measurements on left and right im ages of a stereopair as well as points positions in source and adjusted coordinates of points located in stereopair area 173 PHOTOMOD 6 0
170. ndows If you press the button while holding down the Shift key the opened stereo window will be double size of image window selec ted to be displayed in a stereo mode Ctrl allows to open window with one window size to the left image window location The Esc key allows to close the stereo window is used to display images as a color or black and white one allows to add a tie point to marker position on all opened images without correlation marker is posi tioned manually on all images allows to change position of selected in a list point on images and to add the point to marker position on images where it was not measured allows to move a point along tie residual vector on all images To display tie residuals vectors on im ages the button of the leftward toolbar is used allows to move a point along GCP residual vector on all images To display GCP residuals vectors on images the 5 button of the leftward toolbar is used allows to remove coordinates measurement of se lected point on all images allows to open the Delete point measurements window used to specify criteria of selection points to be deleted allows to synchronize marker on all images C so the system tries to place marker on all opened im ages to the terrain point shown by marker on active image requires creation of block layout The more data is considered during block layout creation the more accurate is marker positioning allows to
171. ned images is also synchronized IE When the module is launched marker is placed to estimated position of the point Msmepenve TOYeK e ae SIIr oik i O x JEL rz SEAL L H gt Us gt A Pas lt gt gt amp Fe ob a F g of oo oo oo be Bs 12 12 CBAsyYrOWwaa 13 13 Cpasyrouwaa 15 15 CBAs YHOWaA 16 16 Cpasyrouwaa 17 17 CBA3YHOLAA 18 18 CBA3yHOLAA 19 19 Ceasyrouaa 20 20 il ml E MPHMEHHTE tt fh WwW ON fy NNN Nw NH MH fh rN 2 SD ARO E SL E AA ana aaaeeeaa eaman saas 22 22 eanan 23 23 Ceasyowaa 2 3 xj E eee Mm oO Fig 35 Search for a point on terrain with measured coordinates and without measured coordinates After measurement of coordinates of each new tie point images relative orientation Y parallax on measured points is performed automatically For viewing results of relative orientation the system provides the following features e the button of the Triangulation points window toolbar is used to view relative orientation report for the whole images block in the read only mode The report is opened after defining of the report parameters e the E button of the Points measurement upper toolbar allows to view relative ori entation report only for images opened in the module The report is opened considering default or defined previously report parameters 59 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation 5 2 The Points me
172. nged an other file name will automatically receive the same name 5 optional In order to export just selected points from the Triangulation points window set the Export selected points only checkbox 6 Click OK to complete the export operation 9 3 2 Export of triangulation points to X Points The system provides possibility to export triangulation points from current project to a file of X Points format It is possible to export all or just selected points from triangulation points catalogue including points with unknown coordinates To export all triangulation points of the current project perform the following actions 1 Choose Orientation gt Export gt Export tie points to X Points The Export measurements to X Points format window opens 2 Click the _ button specify filename and its location out of active profile resources 3 Click OK to export triangulation points to specified file To export only selected triangulation points perform the following actions 1 Click the button of the main system toolbar The Triangulation points window opens on the All triangulation points tab There is a list of all triangulation points of a current project 2 Select triangulation points in catalogue using the Shift key to select multiple points at once or the Ctrl key to add multiple points to already selected ones 192 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation 3 Click the drop down arrow next to the Em button of the
173. ngulation points total 154 visible 11 237 GCP list x All triangulation points dk ot oe HM ey leew 2 e a eo B B OK Type Xm YM 2 Ground Control Ground Control Check Ground Control Ground Control Ground Control Ground Control Ground Control Ground Control Ground Control Ground Control 4969403 12 4971037 27 4970040 52 4969867 5 4970281 38 4970710 75 4969846 86 4970639 77 4970965 65 4970211 49 4969470 39 64443520 64 6444373 22 6443595 94 6444567 54 6444471 62 6444342 65 6442930 37 6442967 29 6443051 46 6442953 4 6442963 69 134 84 129 63 129 130 34 130 59 129 1 146 18 180 83 172 22 160 92 132 14 Cancel pply Fig 72 The GCP list 2 To add a new GCP to the table click the af button or use the Alt Ins shortcut EN ME Editing mode of the table data fr is automatically on Input to the table the following data e Name a name of GC point e Type point type Ground control by default Check or Excluded The Check and Excluded types are assigned to GC points only after their meas urement on project images The Check points is not involved into block adjustment but is used for accuracy control The Excluded points type is used for temporal point exclusion from GC points list for example to exclude unmeasured GC points prior to block adjustment A In order to change a point s type use the 7A 4 buttons of the toolba
174. ns list of project image and the toolbar used for images selection lt lt For selective points deleting it is necessary to choose at least one image An exception is the removal of All without measurements on images points type i e GC points located on none images of the block It is possible to obtain such points for example after triangu lation points import or after deleting images from the block Set checkboxes next to point types to be deleted as well as deletion modes in the Select points and Delete mode sections accordingly The section contains a list and graphical scheme of point types The list of point types and the scheme are synchronized i e points of type selected in the list are automatically marked by check mark on the graphical scheme And vice versa selected point types on the graphical scheme leads to automatic selecting of cor responding checkboxes in the point types list lt lt To select multiple point types on a scheme use the Shift key The Symbols button allows to change points symbols on the scheme 180 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation The system provides the following tools to manage image zoom and BCG paramet ers on the scheme e allows to zoom in the image e l allows to zoom out the image e Alt allows to turn on panning mode e Shift F8 allows to setup brightness contrast and gamma IE For selective points deletion it is necessary to select at least one typ
175. nt s name in the Name field When the fifths point coordinates on the map are measured coordinates measurement residuals are calculated automatically and are shown in the Ex Ey columns of the table Repeat the 1 3 steps for other GC points MES For correct map reference it is recommended to recognize at least four points on the map If the reference is performed using only one point the system considers that measurement unit is one pixel and axes coincide When two points are used for refer ence the system performs image zoom and rotation in case of reference by three points the system applies affine transformations optional Edit GC points see the description of the main toolbar of the Raster georeference window Click the fal button to save georeference file to Maplnfo format 7 8 Import and export of exterior orientation parameters 7 8 1 Import of exterior orientation parameters When accurate enough exterior orientation parameters of block images are available it is possible to skip steps of GCP and tie coordinates measurement as well as block adjustment step from the workflow and proceed right away to steps of stereovectorization DEM and orthomosaic generation see how to estimate accuracy of imported exterior orientation parameters in Section 7 8 5 Otherwise if there are inaccurate exterior ori entation parameters of block images imported exterior orientation parameters are used to block scheme refinement
176. ntrast sharpness is distinguished by color and shape Find this terrain point on project images in the Points measurement module Search for corresponding terrain point on images depends on availability of some project data optional If there no measured GCP and exterior orientation data available in the project perform the following actions 1 Inthe Points measurement module click the 4 button of the upper toolbar 2 Select and open those project images that contain the terrain point specified in the map 3 Find this point manually and show it on project images using marker If the project contains at least 2 measured GCP and or exterior orientation paramet ers are used for block layout creation use the following synchronization tools to perform search for the terrain point on project images e for automatic search for the point on project images opened in the Points measurement module click the fm button in the Map window Define the point position more exactly using marker if necessary 148 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation e to perform automatic search for the point on all project images and to open in the Points measurement module just those images where the point is found and also with marker positioning click the button in the Map window Define the point position more exactly if necessary ME The system also provides reverse synchronization when it is searching on the map for the terrain point specified
177. nts in stereopairs v 2 0714 aha 7j v Transfer tie points v 2 0712 7 2 0710 7j v Filter tie points by relative orientation 3 2 7 3 0724 Filter tie points by adjustment results Set up 3_0722 v Report on relative orientation on completion v 30720 Parameters Eza a BE doh Points per stereopair 50 30 Correlation threshold 0 8 0 8 Maximum vertical parallax 2 0 2 0 pix mm Maximum error in triplets pix in XY plane 3 0 mm byZ 8 0 Dm Measure points by zones Filter points by zones More DEM a Ch Distributed processing Fig 46 The Automatic tie points measurement window The Automatic tie points measurement window includes the following interface ele ments e the images selection toolbar used to open auxiliary windows to save and load sets of parameters e a list of project images allows to select images scheduled to perform automatic measuring of tie points coordinates e the Tasks section used to specify main actions measurement transfer filtering re porting during operation of automatic measuring of tie points coordinates e the Parameters section used to specify main parameters of automatic measuring of tie points coordinates e the More button used to setup additional parameters of measuring of tie points co ordinates e the Start button used to launch an operation of tie points measurement and to perform relative orientation in automatic mode e the Dist
178. nts of the list LZ allows to Z GC points i e to exclude the XY coordin ates of selected all points of the list allows to open the Set exterior orientation para meters accuracy window used to define accuracy of coordinates RMS by XY or by Z for selected all GC points of the list allows to open the Point properties window to view a name type code and coordinates of selected point see the Section 6 8 allows to open the Points measurement module to measure view on image a GCP selected in the list Thus the button allows to display the GCP on the images where it was already measured or may be measured in the future fal allows to load a DEM used to obtain or refine Z co ordinate values for GCP from the list sL allows to acquire extract Z coordinate from loaded DEM for GCP selected in the list if the DEM is already used in the project it is loaded automatic ally gE to acquire GCP from DEM considering adjustment results i e to measure the GC point in marker pos ment module Coordinates of the GC point are measured using the following way X Y adjusted allows to open the relative orientation report only for the Points measurement module allows ition on selected images in the Points measure coordinates Z is taken from DEM see the descrip tion in Section 7 6 allows to assign the Ground control type to points selected in the list allows to assign the Check type to points selected in the lis
179. o appropriate fields of the Camera window eG By default the Cameras folder is used to store x cam files with camera parameters in the profile resources of each project e choose Import gt Import from CAL file EnsoMOSAIC to import digital camera parameters from the cal file of the EnsoMOSAIC system To import of camera parameters from another project to a current one perform the fol lowing actions 1 In the Manage project cameras window click the wz opens button The Open window 3 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation Open cle exc mpb ATA j Locks E ProjOptions t Ls Temp i i Munchen_For_Sechin E Munchen_for_Sechin_with_tie_points i i Munchen_ortho E Novokuznetsk_Anatoly i Plejades_Ekaterinburg E Plejades_Ekaterinburg Shar El Primer_ACAD_Work z backup Name Size Time backup 14 03 2014 9 1 DMC x cam 592B 14 01 2010 14 56 SURE_Example SURE_Example_with_tie_points gt Filter Resource name Cameras Cancel 2 resources 592 bytes selected 0 resources f 0 bytes A J E 3D_dense_DTM Projects Primer_ACAD_Work Cameras Fig 21 Camera selection in resources of another project 2 Select the camera file x cam in the Cameras folder of another project in active profile resources 3 Click Open As a result the camera name appears in the camera list To export of camera parameters to x cam file the Export gt To file or Expor
180. o use it as a reference i e to transfer GC points and measure them on project images The Raster georeference window is used to perform raster map georeference 153 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation Rasher gearcerence De Doeninvent ation Do Photornod HI eonna 260 E ies Sal Sa ES IG x ce OR Ge Mio a ee a a oe PO Me WUT cone aa CERN z ey aoe os 3 tg Ifig z els engl oe A hi iN a Bh A A Pe trigny LW 7 k wei Mi a He Ls We i a5 y lt x AY aN 4 B AY K 0e 0 725 O53 AMH 1 0541 5 537 Fig 84 Raster map georeference window The window contains the following GUI elements e toolbar used to reference raster image by points with known coordinates e map window in the top part of the working area there can be located multiple maps if the reference raster or vector map is loaded with the standard tools panel used to manage map s image zoom and rotation in the window e table in the bottom part of the working area containing points coordinates with the following columns o Xg Yg point s geodetic coordinates o Xp Yp pixel point s coordinates after adding the point on the raster map o Name points name o Ex Ey errors in point s X Y coordinates measurements 154 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation Table 12 Main toolbar of the Raster georeference window allows to load raster map to the window for its g
181. ocated on terrain and is clearly recognized on all images Show by marker the terrain point on images Click the 2 button of the upper toolbar of the module e GCP coordinates measurement and transfer with correlator is used if a point is not clearly recognized on all images In this case measure the point on a single image using the button of the upper toolbar of the image window or use the Ins hotkey Define the image as the left using the L button in the image window Then transfer the point from the left image to other images using the button to transfer the point on the image in the active window or use the button to transfer the point on all images opened in the module lt lt Recommended correlation coefficient during GCP transfer is 0 90 0 95 e measurement of coordinates in stereomode is used when the point is located on high rised object and or is not displayed on all images 4 After measurement of GCP coordinates an information about the measurement appears in the All triangulation points list 139 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation Points measurement O x rrr QQQMB ests oo BES SOM 84 0H S H ee lB Se at DD be Bl L Boy Oe xPRQQM a San R09_587 pr Alsen a gt PEA eT Soe n TAD tir SA a AN SS ES 2 1 1 4409 0000 9321 0000 25 5311 mm 78 7348 mm E OK e m o m om e 98 94 Tie 2 1 0 980 Cancel 99 95 Tie 6 2
182. oints coefficients of radial and tangential distortion and coefficients of image deformation Distortion Formula Xigpe xk xr kxr kxr P 2x r 2 Px y b xb y Yon YK yr ky r k yr P 2y r 2P x y a x a y rox y Point of symmetry zero distortion mm x 0 0080 Y fo 0010 To principal point Radial distortion coefficients ki fo kz o k3 o B Tangential distortion coefficients ao ooo pab ooo Image deformation coefficients bi fo b2 jo al fo a2 jo Fig 18 Formula and distortion parameters MES Only distortion coefficients b1 and b2 relatively to X axis are used for camera self calib ration The 8 button is used to transform distortion calculated by formula to a radial one Transform formula distortion to radial distortion Use current radius table 0 lines max radius 0 0000 mm mean step 0 0000 mm Create new radius table Step mm f Max radius mm fl aa Fig 19 Parameters of distortion transformation e Radial to input table values of radial distortion by radius vector distance e 4 directions to input table values of distortion by directions of image coordin ate axes e 4 directions X to input table values of distortion by diagonal directions e 8 directions to input table values of distortion by directions of image coordinate axes and by diagonals During input of distortion data the point of symmetry co
183. ols shown on the m Ge ie mp raster map window allows to rotate image in the working window of raster map no rotation rotate by 90 180 270 degrees To perform georeference of raster map perform the following actions 1 Select Rasters gt Images georeferencing The Raster georeference window opens 155 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation 2 Click the button of the main toolbar Select a file with raster map located out of active profile resources and click OK After that a raster image is displayed in the map window IE If folder with raster map file already contains a file of Map nfo TAB format with reference data and TAB file name is the same as a file name of raster map then the coordinate table of the window displays reference data 3 optional In order to load additional data used for georeference perform one of the following actions e to import points coordinates from a text file 1 Click the 2 button The Import parameters window opens C import export 56 cs v IV Name ko M Separators J Comma Tabulation M xg 2 Lal V Space Semicolon v Yg E A Others V Xp 4 i mDecimal separators Iv Yp 5 A Jv Dot Comma Clear before import OK Fig 85 Import parameters of points coordinates from a text file 2 Specify set of the data to be imported and its format and load it to the coordin ates table 3 optional In order to prevent change of points coordinates whic
184. on all images To display GCP residuals vectors on images the lt button of the leftward toolbar is used i Delete measurement Del allows to delete coordinates measurement of selec ted point on all images L Left image L allows to specify selected image as the left image Show frame for centering on area objects allows to display a frame used to place marker to center of standard shape objects Move marker to the nearest point on this image allows to move a marker to nearest measured point S on selected image Move marker to the nearest point on all images allows to move a marker to nearest measured point Shift S on all images 5 4 Distance measuring The Points measurement module provides features that allow to measure distances on terrain in pixels in windows of opened images lt lt To calculate distance in meters use data about ground sample distance GSD that is specified in the Ground sample distance GSD window opened using the Block Set GSD menu item see the Project creation User Manual To measure distance between terrain points on images perform the following actions 68 3 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation Place a marker in the first point on terrain on the image Select the Distance measuring mode item in the right click menu or press the D key to turn on the distance measuring mode Indicate the second point on terrain by left button mouse click After that a measuring line
185. on the image To do this place marker on the image point in the active window of the Points measurement module and then click the amp Find on map button of the main toolbar of the module 7 1 4 Transfer GCP from map To transfer selected GCP from map i e to add measure coordinates of found point on project images the system provides the following features e adding GCP without use of correlator e adding GCP using correlator ME To use correlator it is necessary to have already measured GCP in a project and or exterior orientation parameters along with created block layout using these parameters Besides during adding a GCP using correlator there is a possibility to use DEM to obtain a value of point s Z coordinate To quickly add GCP without correlator perform the following actions 1 Load raster or vector map MES The system allows to use multiple raster and or vector maps at the same time 2 Make the maps layer active in the Map window 3 Use marker to match terrain points on the map in the Map window and on project images in the Points measurement module see the Section 7 7 3 4 Click the Add point without correlation button in the Map window A new GCP is displayed on project images and appears in the triangulation points list of the Points measurement module 5 optional Edit coordinates values or change the points type GCP check on the GCP list tab of the Triangulation points window To add GCP from
186. oolbar on all images windows allows to show hide status bar on all images win dows Ge allows to open the Marker settings window used to setup shape size and color of marker Ga allows to open the Symbols window used to setup symbols used to display measured triangulation points according to their type allows to open the Points measurement settings window to specify correlator parameters and setup of automatic display of report on relative orientation after clicking OK in the Points measurement module allows to specify the active image as the left one Table 5 Leftward toolbar of the Points measurement window allows to show hide all measured triangulation points in opened images allows to display all triangulation points measured in opened images using symbols specified accord ing to their type in the Symbols window allows to display names labels of triangulation points measured in opened images 64 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation allows to display models by ties in symbols display mode of triangulation points An additional angle elements are added to a tie point symbol indicating a connection with the adjacent images to the right and or left For example to triplet point symbol the angle brackets will be added to the left and right only after Block adjustment allows to display GCP residuals vectors only after Block adjustment allows to display tie residuals vectors allow
187. open a stereo pair consisting of the left image and active image as a rightward allows to correlate the active image with the left one to add a new tie point using correlator see the Section 6 4 allows to correlate all opened images with the left one to perform measurement of new tie point co ordinates using correlator 63 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation allows to calculate correlation coefficient Q of all opened images with the left one and to show a value of correlation coefficient in a status bar of each opened image in the eft image status bar the auto correlation coefficient value is shown allows to open the Coefficient of correlation ana lyzer window used to view and analyze correlation coefficient of the active and left images allows to open the relative orientation report for opened images the report will consider default settings or previously set parameters allows to open the Map window used to load geor eferenced map vector raster map or DEM to transfer GCP from them on image opened in the Points measurement module allows to find on georeferenced map opened in the Map window terrain point pointed by marker on the active image of the Points measurement window see also Section 7 7 allows to open the Add GCP window to transfer GCP from georeferenced map opened in the Map window on image opened in the Points measure ment module allows to show hide t
188. or selected images in the table for points with Z coordinate allows to open the Set exterior orientation para meters accuracy window used to specify threshold values in meters for RMS by XY and Z for projection centers and for angles accuracy values for selec ted all images in the table allows to change the kappa angle by a predeter mined value for selected all images in the table allows to calculate missing data on projection cen ters coordinates and or angle using interpolation of exterior orientation parameters by time Pi allows to specify the kappa angle value in accord ance with the flight path allows to copy adjusted exterior orientation para meters to corresponding fields of initial exterior ori entation parameters for images selected in the table 3 allows to show hide initial data input to the table manually or obtained during import allows to show hide adjusted data exterior orient ation parameters calculated during block adjustment operation 7 3 GCP list In order to input GC points coordinates to the GCP list perform the following actions 1 Choose Orientation gt GCP list Ctril Alt G or click the button of the main toolbar The Triangulation points window opens on the GCP list tab 128 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation ME Use Ctrl wheel to quickly scroll through the list similar to scroll bars Rotate the mouse wheel to move through the lines Tria
189. ordinate system 8 Click OK After that exterior orientation data is exported from thelist of exterior orientation parameters to selected file 7 8 3 Import orientation from metadata Source project images in TIF format or in system s internal format MS TIFF might contain metadata The metadata may be contained in raster images acquired by UI traCam camera as well as in UAS images of EXIF format lt Metadata of digital maps is data that allows to describe content volume position in space quality and other features of digital maps as well as geodetic gravimetric photogrammetric and cartographic data which is used during creation updating and application of digital maps If images containing metadata are available in a project it is possible to import from the metadata to the project parameters of interior orientation precise and exterior ori entation approximate i e calculated by on board devices Metadata for project raster images file with md extension are stored in the folder which contains these images 165 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation Exterior orientation parameters imported from images metadata allow to split a project on strips using imported exterior orientation rotate images by block layout using imported data adjust block scheme by imported exterior orientation parameters and proceed to block processing step that also includes stereo vectorization f Prior to orientation data import f
190. ordinates are specified zero distortion in mm and table values of distortion in microns or distortion 35 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation coefficients formulas To use principal point coordinates as point of symmetry coordinates click the To principal point button Distortion k a 4 directions x Point of symmetry zero distortion mm Xi 0 0080 Y fo 0010 To principal point R mm dRi micron dR2 micron dR3 micron dR4 micron gt lt 3 0 600 0 200 0 200 0 100 20 0000 0 600 0 500 0 600 0 100 9 30 0000 0 400 0 300 0 700 0 300 40 0000 0 100 0 300 0 400 0 400 50 0000 0 100 1 000 0 100 0 600 60 0000 0 500 0 800 0 500 0 700 70 0000 0 300 0 800 0 200 0 400 80 0000 0 800 0 100 0 200 0 500 90 0000 0 100 0 300 0 700 0 500 100 0000 0 400 0 500 0 200 0 300 gt xB 107 0 Fig 20 A table of distortion values by diagonal directions The figure above shows a table of distortion values by diagonal directions Directions orientation is shown on a scheme right of the table Each row of the table allows to input the following values distance from point of symmetry radius in the first column and distortion values in the columns corresponding to the numbers of dir ections The following buttons are used to add delete lines and edit values in the table e lt H allows to add a new line Ctrl Ins e wB allows to delete selected line Ctri Del e
191. osition are shown using crimson color between measured and adjusted poin s position by blue color between measured and aver aged point s position by yellow color The system provides possibility to save triangulation points as point vector objects in vector layer that can be used along with other base vector layers for TIN creation see the DEM User Manual To save triangulation points as vector layer perform the following actions 174 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation 1 Choose Vectors gt Create layer from triangulation points The Load triangulation points window opens gt Load triangulation points Select point coordinate sources J Ground control point catalogue V Block scheme J Adjustment results cat Fig 97 Saving triangulation points on vector layer 2 Choose one or multiple points types according to coordinates to save them to a vector layer e Ground control point catalogue to save triangulation points in source coordin ates e Block scheme to save triangulation points in averaged coordinates e Adjustment results to save triangulation points in adjusted coordinates 3 Click OK After that the system opens information window which contains information about number of points of each selected type saved on a vector layer The Trian gulation points Vectors appears in the Layer manager Vector point objects tri angulation points are displayed in 2D window
192. oup parameter is used to specify the limitation on the number of points to reject eG It is recommended to set the Maximum points to use filtering by trusted group value from 40 to 60 It is not recommended to set more than 60 points The Stereopairs section contains the following parameters e Create stereopairs based on exterior orientation data from images projection centers of which are within range of if this option is checked the stereopairs will be composed from images projection centers of which are located at the distance no more than a specified value in meters otherwise the stereopairs are composed from nearest images in a strip e From different strips only if this option is checked the in strip stereopairs will not be considered Otherwise all in strip stereopairs will be considered including the nonadjacent sececcccsessssssesececcccsccscsesesy Zone size 100 E M Points transfer IV Strict limits for initial point position Automatically transfer manually measured Iv Tie points I GC points Automatically reject manually measured IV Tie points IV GC points Points measured automaticaly Transfer Filter Rejection by angles Maximum relative orientation angle values in strips Left image q Right image Fiabe oo Fhe foo Flom foo Ca oo a co Fig 52 Miscellaneous parameters The Zones section allows to define a zone size on a stereopair where t
193. port and using exterior orientation data After data collection to form a block for aerial triangulation the block adjustment is per formed see the Block adjustment User Manual The ultimate goal of work on aerial triangulation and block adjustment is defining of exterior orientation parameters that allow to proceed to block processing step which includes stereo vectorization creation of DEM orthomosaic and 3D models see the Vectorization User Manual gt Exterior orientation parameters of image are geometric parameters of image that specify its position and orientation in relation to object of photogrammetric survey in a moment of the survey There are linear and angular exterior orientation parameters of image Linear exterior orientation parameters of image coordinates of center of optical image projection in coordinate system of photogrammetric survey object Angular exterior orientation parameters of image parameters that define image angular orient ation in coordinate system of photogrammetric survey object slope and rotation angles of image 2 Aerial triangulation data 2 1 The Orientation menu To perform work on data collection for aerial triangulation serves the Orientation menu and also buttons of the main toolbar and of the AT additional toolbar Table 1 Brief description of the Orientation menu tai Manage projects cameras Ctrl Alt l allows to input edit parameters of project came
194. project images To open the Map window open the Points measurement module and click the button of the main module toolbar 142 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation Ola ai a I ip ep et EH e iiaa f v Hi Di E dem10m Matpnua O 6 Cxema noka gt amp gt TOYKH TPHaHry nau gt gt gt Pactp alte 10 k 2045 a 4 gt ef i _ i li 695447 266447 m 2312491 042865 m 145 187962 m NTF France II Fig 78 The Map window By default all data opened in 2D window is displayed in working area of the Map window Besides if there is georeferenced block scheme the Triangulation points layer is created and work with it is synchronized with windows of images opened in the Points meas urement module In the right part of the Map window there is the Layer s Manager used to manage these data and navigation window for fast move to needed part of the map There is a toolbar in the top of the window In the status line of the Map window the marker s position coordinates on the georefer enced map are shown It is possible to move the whole image in the working area of the Map window in panning mode by moving mouse with pressed left button along with holding pressed the Alt key In the bottom of the working area of the Map window there is the panel used to setup brightness contrast and gamma correction of the image shown in the working area lt lt The Shift
195. r of the GCP list tab e X Y Z X Y Z coordinates of GCP in meters lt lt During adding of new GCP a default coordinates values are equal to 0 meters lf some coordinates values are unavailable and also for excluding of some co ordinates valuers there is a possibility to assign a point type XYZ Z or XY To assign a point XY type use the 8 button To assign a point Z type use the _2 button The 2 button is used to consider all three coordinates of GC point 129 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation ME GC points coordinates are specified in coordinate system selected on a step of project creation see the Project creation User Manual The system allows to use Z coordinate taken from DEM The 4 button is used for this In order to load a DEM from project resources select single or multiple points and click the 2 IE If a DEM is already loaded to a project it will be used automatically e Std dev X Std dev Y Std dev Z values of RMS accuracy by X Y Z coordin ates in meters e Number of measurements number of block images where GC point coordinates are measured filled in automatically after measurement of GCP coordinates on images On a step of GCP input the Number of measurements column displays 0 value lt lt The system also provides opportunity to performimport of GCP list from a text file MES Prior to adjustment it is recommended to measure coordinates of all input GCP or to assign
196. r or Maximum 49 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation Report on interior orientation Main parameters Additional M Residuals Format Fixed point Exponential Precision Normal C Higher C Maximum Fig 29 Additional parameters of interior orientation report 4 Click OK After that a report opens which contains general information on the im plementation of interior orientation and consists of the following sections e Links used to return to previous view place or to the beginning of the report to refresh report data after calculating of interior orientation and to change a report parameters e Block statistics project name data on number of all selected strips images in a block time and date of the report creation strips table with the following general information on which strips images and to what extent the interior orientation is performed and whether the residuals values satisfy a given residuals tolerance for measurement of fiducial marks on images The Strips column contains links strips names that allow to pass to tables of images in each strip e Tables of images in each strip show general information about images camera data axes orientation number of fiducial marks measured on the image type of image transformation and interior orientation residual of selected type RMS mean module or maximal in selected units pix or mm on the Main parameters tab of the Report on
197. ra RC 20 x cam BE E Axes orientation 180 Interior orientation complete Image size 11230 000 11213 000 pix 255 6790 235 5007 mm Pixel size 0 0210 0 0210 mm Camera type Fiducial coordinates Focal length 153 4060 mm Principal point position 5616 869 5633 155 pix Transform type Affine Number of fiducials measured 4 of 4 Fiducial Residuals pix Residuals mm mark x Y x bi E Ey Exy E Ey Exy Limit max Limit max 0 707 0 707 0 707 a 105 9990 106 0020 560 000 10668 000 0822 0 369 0 901 0 0172 0 0076 0 0189 2 106 0030 106 0050 10651 571 10693 143 082 0 369 0 901 0 0172 0 0078 0 0189 3 106 0010 106 0030 10675 000 698 000 osa 0 369 0 900 0 0172 0 0078 0 0189 a 106 0040 106 0060 530 000 574 333 asa 0 369 o 0 0172 0 0078 0 0189 pe oe 0 822 0 369 0 901 0 0172 0 0076 0 0189 a Mean abs 0 622 0 369 0 901 0 0172 0 0076 0 0189 Max 0 622 0 369 0 901 0 0172 0 0076 0 0189 Close Fig 31 Report on interior orientation of film camera image 4 5 Interior orientation for digital camera images Interior orientation of image acquired by digital camera is to determine the principal point position relative to the center of the lower left pixel of the image To perform interior orientation of images acquired by digital camera pe
198. ras and also to assign cameras to project images see the Section 4 3 Interior orientation contains menu items used to perform interior orient ation of central projection images see the Sec tion 4 1 Quick Ties contains menu items used to perform quick ties in order to use the data for block layout creation see the Section 3 4 Tie points list Ctrl Alt T allows to open catalogue of all measured triangula tion points GCP check tie with their measure ments see the Section 6 2 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation allows to open catalogue of all ground control points including non measured on block images see the 4 GCP list Ctri Alt G Section 7 3 i Delete point measurements allows to choose types of triangulation points to be deleted and delete them Clear point catalogue allows to remove the whole list of triangulation points GCP check tie from triangulation points catalogue Automatic tie points measurements allows to measure tie points coordinates in automat Ctri Alt A ic mode see the Section 6 3 Z Report on relative orientation Ctril Alt R allows to open the report with results of images rel ative orientation in order to perform analysis and removal of errors in tie points measurements see the Section 6 9 Load triangulation points allows to load measured coordinates of triangulation points to 2D window with possibility to setup of dis play of certain type of points see
199. raster map using correlator perform the following actions 1 Load raster map 149 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation 2 Make raster layer active in the Map window If there is a DEM available load in to the Map window to obtain Z coordinate 3 Specify a terrain point on the raster map using marker Click the fm Find on all images button in the Map window to open all project images contains this terrain point in the Points measurement module 4 Click the Open tool panel for adding GCPs from map button in the Map window or in the Points measurement module The Add GCPs from map window opens ME When the Add GCPs from map window is opened it is possible to work both in the Map window and in the Points measurement module AEN EIT t BES 0A QAAE AA g llla Harg 9 joer JASOM Be ml TAQ Malo o qj 1 x gt x gt ia j or j J y a ele 691573 672703 m 2310666 835659 m 152 516855 m oy d sue att Fig 82 Transfer of GCP from a map 5 Inthe Raster layer for correlation drop down list select active layer of raster map In the DEM layer for obtaining Z drop down list select a DEM layer if any MES To refresh a list of layers use the button 6 Setup the following correlator parameters 150 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation set the Auto checkbox to define the GSD automatically or input pixel size value
200. re Apply Close Fig 106 Parameters of block layout creation 190 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation 15 In the Mode section set the By ext or option 16 Click the Apply button to create block layout 17 optional To input time correction for selected images set them up in the Adjust time for selected images input field and use the and buttons to tune selected images along flight line by time 9 3 Export of triangulation points 9 3 1 Export of triangulation points to PAT B The system provides possibility to export triangulation points from current project to a file of PAT B format A If a project contains points with name in text format the Name column contain letters select these points and click the A button of the Triangulation points window toolbox After that nu meric names will be assigned to selected points To export coordinates measurements of triangulation points to PAT B format perform the following actions 1 Choose Orientation gt Export gt Export tie points to PAT B or click the drop down arrow next to the Em button of the Triangulation points window toolbar and select Export to PAT B The Export measurements to PAT B window opens J File with point coordinates InfoMap_copy xyz oes Swap Y JV File with measurements InfoMap_copy mea eT C pix mm mem V Refined camera coordinates J Synchronize file names V Export selected points only
201. re GCP coordinates on image in active window of the Points measurement mod ule in other words to search for corresponding point on image in active window using correlator In case of successful correlation marker is moved to the found point and the New GCP window opens otherwise the Bad point warning ap pears 5 Add point with correlation on all images allows to add measure GCP coordinates on all images opened in the Points measurement module in other words to search for corresponding point on all opened images In case of suc 151 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation cessful correlation marker is moved to the found point and the New GCP window opens otherwise the Bad point warning appears i Add point without correlation allows to quickly add a GCP without cor relation to a marker position on image in the Points measurement module The New GCP window is intended to view edit coordinates of selected terrain point on a map and to analyse correlation coefficient and to select the images of the project where a new GC point will be added Edit point 0904 Code fio Name 0904 Iv xX 4970128 85875296 4 m vi 6443920 79407721 4 M Mz o o AE Correlation T CRUE V R09_585 R10_505 V R10_S07 V R10_506 Add point with measurements Add point without measurements Replace GCP with measurements Replace GCP coordinates Replace measurements only Close
202. revious window of the report o Refresh allows to OOHOBUTb OTYeT npn change a report parameters o Report parameters allows to open window used to change a report paramet ers e image statistics camera parameters image size pixel size interior orientation data e table of fiducial marks on image contains the following data o maximal residual threshold Ex Ey Exy specified on the Main parameters tab of the Report on interior orientation window lt lt If threshold value on RMS or mean residual is specified threshold on maximal residual is automatically calculated in selected units pix or mm o marks coordinates taken form camera passport in mm X Y o marks coordinates on image in pix X Y o values of discrepancies between passport data and measured data in pix and mm Ex Ey Exy o specified threshold value on selected residual in selected units on the Main parameters tab of the Report on interior orientation window o calculated on all marks residual values by RMS mean abs and max Ex Ey Exy pix or mm Residuals that are out of thresholds are highlighted by red color Thus the report displays by red color the following residuals o residuals on all marks that exceed defined threshold on selected residual RMS mean abs or max o residuals on each mark that exceed defined threshold on maximal residual 52 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation Report 1AA AB ER Came
203. rform the following actions 1 Input correctly all parameters from digital camera passport to appropriate input fields of the Cameras window see the Section 4 3 4 lt lt It is necessary to pay attention to parameters units and to define point of origin which will be used to specify coordinates of principal point and symmetry point zero distortion point relative to the lower left pixel or the center of the image 2 Assign the camera to project images and setup camera axes direction for selected images in the Camera management window see the Section 4 3 53 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation 3 Choose Orientation gt Interior orientation gt Calculate interior orientation or click the tz button of the AT additional toolbar to recalculate interior orientation 4 Choose Orientation gt Interior orientation Report on interior orientation or click the button of the AT additional toolbar to control results and fix errors of interior orientation Report on interior orientation for digital camera contains information whether the interior orientation is done It also includes camera parameters and principal point coordinates calculated relative to the center of the lower left pixel Report REI es 4 BB SR Interior Orientation Report Back Refresh Report parameters Block Statistics Project WWaldkirch_docs Number of strips 2 selected for the report 2 Number of images 6 selected for the report 6
204. riangulation 3 Choose Orientation QuickTies Save to save quick ties data eG Quick ties data are saved automatically during block layout creation and during completing of work session in the system 3 5 Automatic block layout creation The system provides possibility to create block layout for UAS projects automatically In order to create a block layout automatically perform the following actions 1 Perform preliminary creation of a block layout by exterior orientation for instance Perform visual estimation of the block layout by comparing it with real location of images in a block Choose Block gt Block layout gt Automatic block layout The Automatic block layout window opens Automatic block layout Block quality I Better Worse Process JV Instrip stereopairs JV Interstrip stereopairs Distributed processing col Fig 7 Parameters of automatic block layout creation Set the Block quality using the appropriate slider If there are project images with a rotation angles up to 10 degrees move the slider to the Better side If there are project images with a rotation angles from 10 to 60 degrees move the slider to the Worse side This increases the likelihood of incorrect data optional Both Instrip and Interstrip stereopairs are processed in the system by default Clear one of the checkboxes to exclude appropriate stereopairs from pro cessing optional In
205. riangulation Report of x i 1AA AB 6B Stereopair R10 SO05 R10 S06 See also relative orientation report Back Refresh Report parameters Number of tie points 66 Vertical Parallax Sorted by diminishing the residuals Image R10_505 left Image R10_S06 right Point mm pix mm pix Limit max 0 707 0 707 162 0 0192 9912 0 0192 om p 114 0 0173 0825 0 0175 osa 51 0 0110 0 522 0 0109 0 520 161 0 0098 0 468 0 0099 0 469 96 0 0097 0 461 0 0096 0 456 109 0 0093 0 441 0 0093 0 443 145 0 0092 0 438 0 0092 0 438 46 0 0090 0 431 0 0090 0 430 p 20 0 0085 0 405 0 0085 0 403 Cose Fig 69 Detailed report for selected stereopair Detailed report on selected stereopair includes the following data e hyperlinks of detailed report o Relative orientation report the link is used to return to the first page of the common report on in strip and inter strip measurements o Back the link is used to return to previous view of detailed report on stereopair measurements o Refresh the link is used to refresh relative orientation results in the report after editing of tie points in the Points measurement module o Report parameters the link is used to change the report parameters and to re fresh the report o Edit the link is used to view and edit measurements on a
206. ributed processing button is used for automatic tie points measurement in distributed processing mode 19 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation The system provides the following buttons in the toolbar to work with auxiliary windows HE allows to select triplets without tie points for repeated measures these points are marked as not performed and their adjacent images it allows optimize the measurement time points HE allows to select stereopairs where there is no tie points coordinates measure ments and their adjacent images H allows to open the block layout window to create a block layout or update it allows to open the Relative orientation report settings window used to specify parameters and view a relative orientation report x allows to open the Triangulation points window used to view a list of triangula tion points 17 _ allows to open the Points measurement module and open automatically open images selected in the list if more than 6 images are chosen Otherwise an in strip stereopair with image selected in the list will be opened To save and load sets of main and auxiliary parameters the system provides the following buttons is used to load a set of parameters from x in1 file saved previously in active profile resources or out of them The arrow located next to the k button allows to open a drop down menu containing the following items o Load settings from file
207. rom images metadata it is recommended to specify height dif ference of terrain in the project in the Project properties window see the Project creation User Manual To perform import of orientation data from images metadata perform the following ac tions 1 Choose Orientation gt Import orientation from metadata The Import orientation from metadata window opens gt Import orientation from metadata J Import interior orientation Replace existing data J Import exterior orientation Replace existing data a Fig 91 Import orientation from metadata 2 optional To perform images interior orientation to a project the Import interior orientation checkbox is set by default Set the Replace existing data checkbox to replace interior orientation data that already exists in the project MES If the project already contains file with name containing camera serial number then it is recommended to create backup of this file if the Replace existing data checkbox is set 3 optional To perform images exterior orientation to a project the Import exterior orientation checkbox is set by default Set the Replace existing data checkbox to replace exterior orientation data that already exists in the project ME If the project already contains file with name containing camera serial number then it is recommended to create backup of this file if the Replace existing data checkbox is set f To perform impor
208. s display 1 1 Table 4 Upper toolbar of the Points measurement window standard buttons of images management in all opened windows with images at once allow to display the next image in a strip to flip images in opened windows to the left or right by one image in a strip up down by one image in adja cent strips allows to return to previous or to pass to next marker position during image change in the Points measurement window allows to place image windows across the width of the Points measurement window i e to fill out a screen with windows if some of them were closed allows to open the Add images window used to select images and add them to new windows of the Points measurement module allows to choose images transformation mode during their display in the Points measurement window ee allows to turn on automatic refresh mode of a block scheme as a points coordinates are measured the mode is turned off by default Automatic refresh of a block scheme applies only to images opened in 62 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation the Points measurement module i e The ocal block scheme is refreshed allows to open a new stereo window containing stereo image of selected images pair where it is possible to measure points coordinates in stereo mode By default a stereo image OTKpbIBaeTCcA cTepeon3o6paxenHne Ha BCO padoyylo oOnactTb the Points measurement window is opened instead of all opened image wi
209. s of a new tie point click the button As a result of correlation one of the following events occurs e The Bad point warning is displayed if the system failed to calculate correla tion coefficient e The New tie point window opens if correlation coefficient is calculated suc cessfully The window shows the point code and name by default and also calculated correlation coefficient It is possible to use any symbols to edit the point s name New tie point Eiei xi Code F Name g Image Correlation T IE Left image RO9_S87 0 6160 cont _ Fig 61 Correlation of the active image with the left one Data display in coefficients table depends on values of parameters Correla tion threshold for points measurements and Correlation threshold for marker movement specified in the Points measurement settings window see the Section 6 5 104 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Correlation coefficient gt or Correlation threshold for points measurement lt Correlation threshold for points measurement and gt or Correlation threshold for marker movement lt Correlation threshold for marker movement Not calculated Ye Aerial triangulation THEN marker is moved to corresponding point of active image new tie point is ADDED to active image the Image column is checked marker is moved to corresponding point of active image new tie point is NOT ADDED to active image the Imag
210. s of a small number of tie points between images and use this data instead of quick ties data With the accumulation of qualitatively measured tie points coordinates a block layout accuracy in creases see the Section 6 3 Section 6 4 GCP coordinates if any are used to create block layout As a result block layout created by GCP shows a block scheme in real coordinate system exterior orientation results if any are imported to a project and are used for block layout creation MES block layout created by exterior orientation parameters is a projection of images considering real coordinates of projection centers and images rotation by interior orientation angles see the Section 7 8 adjustment results are used as imported adjustment results or after performing of block adjustment if there are adjustment data enough Block layout created by ad justment results is a final kind of a block scheme see the Block adjustment User Manual ground sample distance GSD if any are specified manually or calculated auto matically using digital elevation model DEM data PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation MES GSD parameter influences on a size of images during block layout creation see the Sec tion 3 3 3 2 Block layout creation To create block layout perform the following actions 1 Collect data for block layout creation IE If exterior orientation parameters are available it is recommended to
211. s to turn on off a filter of triangulation points display on opened images according to settings made in the Points filter window allows to open the Points filter window used to choose triangulation points type to by shown in opened images and in catalogue of the Triangula tion points window allows to display overlap areas of project images as frames in windows of opened images allows to display overlap areas of project images as filled polygons in windows of opened images allows to display 6 standard zones recommended to be used for measurement of tie points coordinates see the Section 7 5 3 Windows of opened images Each of project images opened in the Points measurement module is displayed in a separate window One of the images windows is the left another is active The left window may be also an active window at the same time Images shown in the left and active windows are used for correlation during tie points measurement and also for selecting a stereopair to be opened in a stereo window to perform measurements in stereo mode At launch of the Points measurement module images containing selected point are opened in viewing windows automatically It is also possible to perform automatic choosing of images containing selected point in the triangulation points catalogue using the Ek button of the Triangulation points window In order to open or add images in the Points measurement module perform the fo
212. se filtering by trusted group 40 Stereopairs Create stereopairs based on exterior orientation data From images projection centers of which are within range of 1000 0 E m V From different strips only OK Cancel Fig 51 Miscellaneous parameters The Miscellaneous tab contains sections and options to setup the following additional parameters e Number automatically measured points starting with is used for automatic num bering of measured tie points starting with number specified in the entry field that allows to distinguish these points from the ones already measured on the project images gt Regardless of the set value the system does not generate points with duplicate numbers If the point with some number already exists then this number will be skipped when creating new points e Minimum distance between points pix allows to specify minimal distance in pixels between points measured on the image lt lt It is recommended to increase the value of this parameter when the problems with block adjustment occur The parameter is considered only during measurement new points Existing tie points are not rejected e Minimal dispersion allows to specify minimal dispersion of mask to protect from points search on the clouds and water bodies MES The option is used to exclude points in monotonous areas for example for satellite scanner images if there are black strips on images borders
213. section set one of the following formats e Arcinfo World File for further export of saved file with tfw extension to ArcInfo e MapInfo TAB for further export of saved file with tab extension to MapInfo 3 Inthe Source data section set a source of initial data e Adjustment results adjusted in third party software projection centers co ordinates and exterior orientation parameters e Imported exterior orientation exterior orientation parameters e Block layout block layout results 167 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation 4 optional If it is necessary to perform georeference by projecting images corners on a plane with specified altitude input altitude value in meters to the Project on constant altitude input field 5 Inthe Coordinate system section set a coordinate system that is used for images georeference saving Coordinate system of the project or Latitude longitude WGS 84 6 Click OK After that the system displays information window which contains inform ation about saved images georeference data 7 Click OK After that georeferenced images are saved to active profile resources in selected format 7 8 5 Imported data accuracy control In order to perform aerial triangulation in some cases it is necessary to perform import of images exterior orientation parameters After data import it is recommended to perform imported data accuracy control using methods listed below Accuracy con
214. seseseseseseeaeas 76 6 3 2 Automatic measurement of tie points coordinates cece cece cee ee eee eeeeeeeeeeaeeeeees 77 6 3 3 Main parameters of tie points measurement c ccc cc ccc ec ee eeaeceeeeeeaeeeeeeeeeeaeeenees 78 6 3 4 Additional parameters of automatic measurement of tie points coordinates 84 6 4 Measurement of tie points coordinates 0 00 cece cece ec ee eee ececee ea eaeceeeeeeaeseeeeneaeaeeeteeneas 91 6 5 Parameters of points coordinates measurement ccccc ec eeeeee eee eeeeeeeaeaenececececeeeeenees 96 06 EOUN OTS OMNES ssns a asus Ss ented Se edd satus dc onset aeae tn ec Oe eae 98 6 7 Measurement of tie points Coordinates in stereo mode ccccecc ec ececeteeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneneees 99 670 PONT Propers ssassn iets io atectclun ea n ea deere eel diane le tecttos 106 6 9 Relative orientation report cccccccccccecececececececececececeeueeeaeaeaeaeaeaeseseseseseseseseteseseseees 107 6 9 1 Report parameters and output ccc ce cecececececeeeeeeeeaeaeaeaeaeaeseseseseseseseseeeeaeas 107 6 92 Report VIEW ANG ANAIYSIS veh estes cares tise a mais at usarhan eens bene N 111 6 9 3 The in strip measurements SECTION cece cece cece ee cece eee e ee ea ea eaeseeeaeseseeeeeseeenenes 114 6 9 4 The inter strip measurements section ccc cec cece cece ec ececeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaeaeaeaeaeaeaeaees 117 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation 6 9 5
215. so provides possibility to display a frame to make easy placing marker to center of standard shape objects To display the frame choose the Show frame for centering on area objects item in the right click menu To change frame size rotate the mouse wheel while holding the following keys pressed e H horizontal size e V vertical size e B the same size on both axes 67 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation In order to hide the frame choose the Show frame for centering on area objects item in the right click menu once more Table 6 right click menu of image window at New tie point allows to add a tie point to marker position on selec ted image Add point on all images allows to add a tie point to marker position on all selected images without correlation marker should be positioned manually on all images 7 Move add measurement into marker position allows to change a position of a point selected in a list on images and to add it to marker position on images where it was not measured Add or move point measurements to marker allows to move a point selected in a list on images positions on all images and to add it to marker position on all images 4 Move point along tie error vector allows to move a point along tie error vector on all images To display tie residuals vectors on images the button of the leftward toolbar is used 4 Move point along GCP error vector allows to move a point along GCP error vector
216. st in pixels allows to display values of Y parallax and triplet re siduals for points in the list in millimeters allows to enable automatic search for images con taining the point s position if the mode is enabled the E button or mouse double click on a row with the point in coordinates list allows to open the im ages in the Points measurement module on which selected point coordinates are already measured otherwise to open all images that contain the point s coordinates MES In order to invert work of the 2 mode change its state to the opposite for a short time click the Alt key and select a point using mouse double click or click the E amp button IE When toggling between 4 and 2 modes and some point is selected in the list and is not cor responding to chosen mode it is displayed by grey color in the table The list of triangulation points is a table IE Points sorting in columns of the list is performed by mouse click on the column header 14 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation Table 8 Types of table columns list of points on the All triangulation points tab displays points code S a E EE displays point s type tie GCP check excluded W Tie point included displays if the point is used for calculating of relative orientation if the point is excluded from calculation When a tie point is excluded all values in columns are inactive When a GCP is excluded it is excluded completel
217. stematic shift of strips relatively to each other At that it will result in systematic error on projection centers and a random error on GCP Trees shadows and heads position may be changed due to wind In this case the error is random or systematic within small area During automatic filtering it is impossible to detect error of points measurements In the case when tie points are measured automatically some of points measured on borders of extended objects also may be reason of errors In this case there is possib lity of big correlation coefficient on such points however measurement accuracy of points located along extended objects borders is small enough due to homogeneity of this object At the same time accuracy of points measurements in direction perpendic ular to to the object border is high During automatic filtering it is impossible to detect error of points measurements A After points filtering it is necessary to perform control of points recognition correctness on ste reopairs and triplets 6 10 2 Control of uniform distribution of points measurements on stereopairs For relative orientation it is necessary to measure not less than 5 tie points on each stereopair each 3 of them should not be on the same line In order to increase adjustment accuracy it is recommended to measure more than 6 points on each stereopair It is also recommended to avoid situations when there are many points in some small part relatively to
218. surements import perform the following actions 1 Choose Orientation gt Import gt Import tie points from X Points click the drop down arrow next to the button of the Triangulation points window toolbar and select Import from X Points The Input file window opens 2 Choose triangulation points file x points and click the Open button The Import measurements from X Points format window opens Import measurements from X Points format PX ml xi Match images from file to images in project By name By code Use correspondence file Ud When point name already exists Replace Skip C Rename m _ Fig 103 Import measurements from X Points format 3 When using points import from another project specify the way of matching images names in the X Points file and images names in the project e By name 185 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation 9 e By code e Use correspondence file ME In order to use correspondence file click the _ button and select file with filenames Select actions to be performed in case of coincidence of images points names in file with existing images points names in a project Replace Skip Rename Click OK Imported points are added to triangulation points list 9 1 3 Import of triangulation points from PHOTOMOD 4 x XPT The system provides possibility of import triangulation points catalogue from projects created in earlier versions the system like PH
219. system in millimeters regardless of the selected units When the window opens the default data is also displayed in milli 3 coefficient in microns 4 parameter meters 5 In the Point of origin section specify pixel position with respect to which shift of principal point and symmetry point is specified to consider distortion from camera passport In image center or In lower left corner 32 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation Scheme of coordinate system is shown to the right from the Point of origin section ME If the Sensor size is specified the button allows to recalculate a position of principal point and point of symmetry when coordinates origin is changed 6 Input the Pixel size value to X and Y input fields in microns f Regardless of the units of digital camera parameters the Pixel size is specified in microns and the Sensor size in pixels A The Pixel size parameter should be specified to display camera parameters in pixels 7 optional In order to define the Sensor size enter its size by X and Y in pixels ME The Y button allows to swap sensor size values by X and Y to fix errors of data input eG The Sensor size value could be imported from metadata or from a file with cal extension This parameter is used to control camera axes orientation during import 8 Input the Focal length value in mm 9 Input X coordinates of principal point with regard to image center in mm to the
220. t allows to assign the Excluded type to points selected in the list ie allows to turn on the automatic selection of images that contain the point s position if the mode is on click the E button or double click the point s record 131 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation in the coordinates list allows to open all images in the Points measurement module where the co ordinates of the selected point are already meas ured otherwise all images of the block that con tain the point s coordinates 7 4 List of triangulation points The system provides possibility to view search and edit of triangulation points The Triangulation points window is used to do this Choose Window gt Triangulation points coordinates to open the Triangulation points window fe Map ive OA SH Code Name Type x Y a x v RARA ee a ee s 134 163 Ground Control 737988 821000 259849 345000 586 248000 260 40169P Ground Control 736405 485000 258080 392000 589 463000 736405 326720 258080 404888 589 453653 0 158280 0 012888 0 009347 259 6719 Ground Control 737810 891000 257589 784000 633 260000 737811 041980 257589 684551 633 168125 0 150980 0 099449 0 091875 132 6720 Ground Control 736702 642000 258651 461000 586 595000 736702 693041 258651 533643 586 775196 0 051041 0 072643 0 180196 129 779 Ground Control 737124 879000 257793 530000 612 451000 737124 906762 257793 655671 612 458901 0 027762 0 125671 0 007901
221. t gt To re source in the Camera window are used For automatic input of standard cameras data to input fields of the Camera window the Standard cameras menu is intended The menu is used if the camera parameters are fully or partly coincide with parameters of standard camera that allows to significantly reduce time of manual input of new camera parameters Camera description in the x cam file includes the following main lines which correspond to parameters shown in the Camera window e name camera name e calibration date calibration date e description camera description e focus focal length e principal point principal point coordinates 38 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation TechSupport InfoMap_Group InfoMap_copy Cameras RC 20 x cam _ Dy x fi E k xml version 1 0 encoding utf 8 gt lt IDOCTYPE phini SYSTEM phini4 dtd gt lt phini gt lt 5 23 1277 gt lt s n name v AC 20 x cam gt lt s n calibration_date y lt x n description gt lt K gt lt d n focus v 1 5340600000000001 e 02 gt lt x n principal_point gt lt d n x v 5 0000000000000001 e 03 gt lt d n y v 5 0000000000000001 e 03 gt lt x gt lt x n int_or gt lt s n type v Fiducials gt lt 8 n fiducials gt lt 8 lt i n index v 1 gt lt x n coords_cam gt lt d n s v 1 0599900000000000e 02 gt lt d n p v 1 0600200000000C lt x
222. t GC points to Geomosaic The system provides possibility of quick export of project triangulation points to GeoMo saic and to use them as GC points there To export coordinates measurements of project triangulation points to GeoMosaic perform the following actions 1 Choose Orientation gt Export Load triangulation points as GeoMosaic GCPs The Create GCP layer for GeoMosaic window opens 194 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation gt Create GCPs layer for GeoMosaic Average points with step 1 5 A of image size coc _ Fig 110 Load triangulation points as Geomosaic GC points 2 Input points step to perform averaging Average with step 1 of image size 3 Click OK The Triangulation points Vectors layer is created In 2D window averaged grid of deformations is created by triangulation points on each image When creating a project in GeoMosaic using project images there is a possibility to use the Trian gulation points Vectors layer as GC points 9 5 Supported formats for import and export 9 5 1 Format of PAT B file File with exterior orientation parameters of images in PAT B format contains adjusted coordinates of projection centers and matrices of exterior orientation rotation angles The first line of PAT B format file has the following structure Image number 0 0 X Y Z where X Y Z coordinates of projection centers Then there are two lines containing 9 values of matrices elements
223. t if there are no adjustment results available for block images so during block layout creation for these images the system considers other data specified in the Block layout window Otherwise just adjustment results are considered ME The button allows to clear all selected checkboxes In the By ties By ext or By centers modes setup the following parameters e the Image scaling slider allows to display images zoom in 2D window for ex ample X4 00 leads to zoom in an image 4 times it is used for visual control of images position without overlaps e the Account for DEM button allows to use ground sample distance GSD specified manually or calculated automatically by DEM data during block layout creation see Section 3 3 A In order to use GSD value during block layout creation it is necessary to have interior and exterior orientation parameters projection centers coordinates at least A When using tie and GCP coordinates or adjustment results appropriate options should be selected in the Block layout window GSD value is not considered during block layout creation e if image GSD is unavailable relief elevation data specified in project properties is considered for block layout creation see the Project creation User Manual A Relief elevation is considered during block layout creation only if GSD data is unavailable 6 optional In order to resolve specific problems caused by incorrect data input
224. t of exterior orientation parameters it is necessary that a project is in co ordinate system consistent with WGS 84 coordinate system 4 Click OK After that the exterior and interior orientation parameters are imported from images metadata to the project At that a camera file with name containing camera serial number is created for each project camera 166 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation f After orientation import from images metadata it is recommended to specify once more height difference of terrain in the Project properties window see the Project creation User Manual 7 8 4 Export georeference data The system provides possibility to perform export of source data to GIS without prelim inary processing in Mosaic to files with tab or tfw extension At that georeference is performed using projection of image corners on specified plane with no height spe cified To save georeference data file perform the following actions 1 Choose Orientation gt Create images georeferencing files The Create images georeferencing files window opens Create images georeferencing files Format ArcInfo World File MapInfo TAB Source data Adjustment results Imported exterior orientation Block layout Project on constant altitude 0 0 v M Coordinate system Coordinate system of the project a Fig 92 Save of project images georeference data 2 Inthe Format
225. tation ccccccceceecececeeecececesececueueuceegegegegeaeanaesnsesesess 48 4 5 Interior orientation for digital camera IMAGES ccc cecec ccc ee eee eeeeeeeeeaeeeeaeeeeeeeeeaeneeeeaeeeeas 53 46 ntenior orientation COMMON scssi a bree baleen a a a a tact aaa 55 5 The Points measurement module ccccececececeeeeeeceeeaeaeeesesesesesesesecacaeueueueueuegeageanansesnsegees 56 5 1 General information about module ccc ec cece cece cece ec ec ee eee ee eceeeeneaeeeeeeaeaeaeeeeeneaeeenees 56 5 2 The Points measurement WINKOW ccccccececececececececeeeenececeaeaeaeaesesesesesesesesesecseesenas 60 5 3 Windows of opened IMAGES x cxezescn tS detects veeeh ae hein hen avetnutess Ge detaae eles cg Misisdancwetiv eee ls ete eeeeae 65 42 Distance MIG ASUNINAG ssis a TEE ata shea ed ae nae 68 6 Relative orientation Of IMAGES ccccccccecececeeeececeececeececeececeeeesueeseceesesuesesueaeseeeesecensesenseseees 70 6 1 Relative orientation WOrkflOW ccccccc cece ec ec cence ec ee eee ee ec eeeee ee ee cesses ee eeeeeeeeaeseeeenegeaesenees 70 6 2 The Triangulation points WINGOW ccccceceeeececeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaeeeeeeeeaeseseeeaeeeeeeseeaeseeeeaees 71 6 3 Automatic measurement of tie points coordinates cece ccc ce cee ee cea ececeeeeaeeeeeeeneaeeeeees 76 6 3 1 Work SEQUENCE ANC conditions ccc cccccecececececececeeeeeaeaeaeanaeseeesese
226. ted ex terior orientation parameters equivalent to the By ext or mode in the Block layout window e Load allows to load previously saved block layout from file with x ini extension from active profile resources e Save allows to save current block layout to file with x ini extension in active profile resources e Automatic block layout allows to create a block layout by UAS images in auto matic mode e Delete auto block layout results allows to delete results of block layout created by UAS images in automatic mode including the mageTransforms x ini file with matching results 3 3 DEM use for block layout creation During block layout creation the system allows to consider GSD value specified manually or calculated automatically by DEM GSD value is influenced on a size of block image A In order to use GSD value during block layout creation it is necessary to have interior and exter ior orientation parameters projection centers coordinates at least When using tie and GCP coordinates or adjustment results appropriate options should be se lected in the Block layout window GSD value is not considered during block layout creation To create block layout considering GSD value perform the following actions 15 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation 1 Choose Window gt Block layout Ctri Alt L or click the 3 button of the main toolbar The Block layout window opens 2 Click the Acco
227. the sign is displayed for selected images To save input or calculated GSD values click the Apply button To create block layout considering GSD values click OK in the Ground sample distance GSD window then click the Apply button in the Block layout window If during block layout creation tie or GCP coordinates are not used a block scheme is rebuild considering input or calculated GSD values 3 4 Manual images linking quick ties Quick ties between images are used to create primary block layout Quick ties include setting of links between images using approximately specified up to several hundred pixels same points of terrain on adjacent images in 2D window It is necessary to consider the following recommendations for manual images linking 1 3 gt It is recommended to link together all the images in strips first and then to link the strips It is recommended to set at least two links for each stereopair and two links between adjacent strips A pair of identical terrain points should be selected in different parts of the strip images At sufficiently precise and stable overlaps size within the entire block it is necessary to have a bit of quick ties data to improve a block scheme Thus if the size of in strip overlap between stereo pairs in all strips is fixed then link only strips 17 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation 1 1 48 Block schem B el MaIAQRAQhe Man Navi
228. the GSD field in the Set GSD value section and click the Set button Specified GSD value will be shown in the table e to calculate image GSD value using calculator perform the following actions 1 In the Image pixel size um field input a pixel size in micrometers or click the From project button for automatic detecting of pixel size 2 Inthe Survey scale field specify a survey scale 3 Click the Set button Calculated GSD value will be shown in the table 16 o 6 T PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation e to calculate image GSD value using DEM data perform the following actions f To calculate image GSD value using DEM data during block layout creation it is necessary to have interior and exterior orientation parameters projection centers coordinates at least 1 Inthe Compute by DEM section in the DEM filed click the _ button specify file name and its location in active profile resources 2 optional To fill in blank cells of DEM by specified elevation values set the In null DEM cells use Z checkbox and specify Z coordinate value 3 optional If a DEM does not cover images block completely set the Use image points out of DEM extents checkbox 4 Click the Compute button Calculated GSD value is displayed in the table optional To cancel input or calculated GSD values select images in the table and click the Unset GSD button As a result in the GSD m column of the table for se lected image
229. the Section 8 3 Automatic UAS triangulation allows to measure tie points coordinates in automat ic mode for UAS images see the UAS data pro cessing User Manual 1 Open selected images for measurements allows to open the Points measurement module used to measure points coordinates in manual mode on images selected in 2D window 40 Open images containing marker Ctril Alt K allows to open the Points measurement module used to measure points coordinates in manual mode on images that contain marker position in 2D win dow 0 Open in strip stereopair allows to open the Points measurement module used to measure points coordinates in manual mode on selected in strip stereopair in 2D window O Open inter strip stereopair allows to open the Points measurement module used to measure points coordinates in manual mode on selected in 2D window inter strip stereopair Exterior orientation data list allows to open the Exterior orientation data list Load projection centers as vectors allows to load projection centers data as vector point objects and to open them in 2D window to perform analysis at that an image name is saved to the Name point attribute Select subblock allows to select part of block images to perform ad justment Block adjustment Ctrl Alt S allows to show the Adjustment toolbar which is used to perform adjustment to view its results and errors correction see the Block adjustment User Manual amp Adjus
230. the first page of common report on relative orientation 121 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation o Back the link is used to return to previous view of detailed report on measure ments in triplet o Refresh the link is used to refresh relative orientation results in the report after tie points editing in the Points measurement module o Report parameters the link is used to change the report parameters and to re fresh the report o Edit the link is used to view and edit a triplet measurements in the Points measurement module o Stereopairs two links used to proceed to detailed measurements report of points on stereopairs that form the triplet see the Section 6 9 5 e information about number of measured tie points in a triplet e the Tie residuals table contain the following columns o the first column is used to edit selected tie point and allows to open the Points measurement module and to open automatically at the same time triplet images and to place marker on selected point lt lt After the point editing is completed and the Points measurement module is closed click the Refresh hyperlink in the report to re calculate relative orientation and refresh the report o the Point column is used to display a tie point name o the Ex Ey Ez Exy columns tie residuals by X Y Z axes and tie residual by XY in measurement units specified for residuals control in triplet in the Relative orienta
231. the images from selected 47 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation ones which have interior orientation results available i e to recalculate interior orientation for them in accordance with the selected template 5 Choose one of the following transformation type Rotation Scale Shift Affine Projective in the Transform type list 6 Click the Start button to perform automatic interior orientation 7 Choose Orientation gt Interior orientation gt Report on interior orientation or click the button of the AT additional toolbar to control results and fix errors of interior orientation see the Section 4 4 6 Right from the Project images section there are the buttons that allows to open the following windows iis Project cameras management H Interior orientation Semi automatic interior orientation Report on interior orientation E The Orientation gt Interior orientation gt Delete interior orientation data menu item is used to remove interior orientation data in case of unsatisfactory results A It is strongly recommended to synchronize the data in the project to remove redundant orient ation results when deleting images from a project To do this choose Project gt Synchronize 4 4 6 Report on interior orientation Report on interior orientation allows to estimate a quality of interior orientation of film camera images To view the report on interior orientation perform the follo
232. the projection centers Accuracy of focal length principal point coordinates and accounting distortion determ ining are interrelated An error in focal length calculation results in error distortion con sidering and error of determining the principal point coordinates It is necessary to specify correct values of focal length and principal point coordinates in order the distortion value does not exceed the specified tolerance It is recommended to verify the sign of the distortion correction and distortion units 5 The Points measurement module 5 1 General information about module In order to measure coordinates of triangulation points tie check and GCP in manual mode and editing points coordinates with errors obtained after automatic measuring of tie points coordinates the system provides the Points measurement module lt lt The module allows to automatically calculate parameters of images interior orientation when measuring tie points coordinates The Points measurement module is used on the following steps of data collecting for aerial triangulation operation e input and measurement of GCP coordinates Automatic selection of images for non measured GCP in the Points measurement module is performed after measurement of coordinates of first two three GCP on block images or when preliminary exterior orientation is performed in geodetic coordinate system by projection centers for instance e measurement of tie poin
233. the rotation angle is used To do this it is necessary to change angles threshold value in degrees for each of stereopair elements As a result the points which cause exceeding of angles thresholds will be rejected after relative orientation recalculation f It is not recommended to use this method of rejection for blocks in which the images can actually be rotated in relation to each other since in this case the likelihood of removing properly placed tie points increases 6 4 Measurement of tie points coordinates The Points measurement module provides tools used to measure tie points coordinates manually without correlation or using correlator Measurement of tie points coordinates without correlation adding tie point to marker position on opened images Measurement of tie points coordinates using correlation automatic search on project images for a terrain point that corresponds to a point specified by marker on the left image and further attempt of the system to calculate correlation coefficient to make a decision about adding of tie point A point search using correlator depends on the cor relator parameters settings 91 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation For tie points measuring editing without correlator the Points measurement module provides the following features e to measure tie point coordinates perform the following actions 1 Choose and open image to measure tie points coordinates see the Section
234. tings of automatic tie point measurement parameters if necessary and start once more operation of further collecting of tie points measurements Repeat steps 3 4 until obtain satisfactory results 6 3 2 Automatic measurement of tie points coordinates To measure tie points coordinates in automatic mode perform the following actions 1 Open the Automatic tie points measurement window using one of the following ways e choose Orientation gt Automatic tie point measurement e click the 4 button of the system main toolbar e click the button of the AT additional toolbar E For automatic measurements all images are selected by default For tie points search just on selected images clear the checkbox on the Orientation tab of the Parameters window Use default setting of measurement parameters or set manually the main parameters for tie points search measure and filter optional For more detailed tuning and refining of the main measurement parameters set the additional parameters optional In order to use distributed processing during measurement of tie points coordinates perform the following actions 1 Click the Distributed processing button The Distributed measurement of tie points window opens T PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation The Maximum number of tasks for this project value is displayed in the window This parameter shows how many processing tasks is possible to divide the current project to gt
235. tion see the Section 4 4 6 4 4 3 Image management This chapter contains a description of standard image managing options in image view window A toolbox of image view window contains the following buttons used to manage an image e allows to zoom in an image by one step c allows to zoom out an image by one step allows to fit to page data of opened layers Alt Enter e allows to display data in 1 1 scale when one pixel of the image corresponds to one pixel on the screen allows to center image by marker in working area of 2D window To turn on panning mode that allows to move an image using mouse in a view window press and hold the Alt key while moving mouse 43 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation AQAA E i Fig 25 Standard toolbar of the Interior orientation window 4 4 4 Semi automatic interior orientation Principle of operation of semi automatic mode is the automatic search and measurement of fiducial marks coordinates on all project images in accordance with selected template image and further interior orientation for all block images As a template image one of project images is used For this image fiducial mark template is defined and interior orientation is performed Thus semi automatic interior orientation of the entire images block requires interior orientation results of at least one image of a project obtained after manual measurement of fiduci
236. tion report settings window In the threshold row there is a triplet residual threshold according to specified value measurement units and error type RMS Mean abs and max error of the Triplet residuals threshold parameter in the Relative orientation report settings window At the bottom of the table final values of tie residuals on all triplet measurements are shown RMS Mean abs and max error Accuracy control is performed only for the residual type that is specified for the Triplet residuals threshold parameter in the Relative orientation report settings window Values of tie errors that exceed specified threshold are highlighted by red color 122 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation 6 10 Relative orientation control 6 10 1 Control of points recognition correctness In order to perform aerial triangulation it is necessary to measure on stereopairs tie points coordinates that are needed for building models by stereopairs formed by adjacent images of a strip and for joining images into strips and blocks networks If tie points were measured automatically some of interstrip points measured in shadows or on trees may be a source of errors Time between shooting of two adjacent images is usually small enough and object shadow does not shift on significant distance When surveying two different strips the time difference often allows the shadow to move on distance that is close to required accuracy of adjustment It causes sy
237. tional The Automatically validate template checkbox is set by default that al lows to select current template automatically In order to configure the template for file containing lines with different columns number clear the Automatically validate template checkbox and configure the template in the Line template field manually optional To specify a line from to start data import define the value of the Start import from line parameter optional To display necessary number of lines in the Preview file table set the Preview maximum parameter Default number of lines is 10 In the Available fields section select necessary field name and drag it to the table column To cancel the field name double click the column header In the Field separators section set one or multiple checkboxes to specify possible fields delimiter symbol Comma Space Tab Semicolon or Other delimiters De fault settings are comma and space In the Decimal separator section setup the following parameters e Point only to use point only as a decimal separator in coordinates 189 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation e Point or comma to use both point and comma as a decimal separator in co ordinates f If comma is used as Field separator it is not recommended to use comma as Decimal separator since it may cause import of incorrect data 11 optional In the Misc section set the checkbox e UTF 8 is used to recognize text in Unicode en
238. tment in batch mode allows to specify adjustment parameters and to perform block adjustment without using the the Ad justment toolbar see the Block adjustment User Manual PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation 4y Direct georeferecing allows to perform adjustment using imported exterior orientation parameters Delete adjustment results allows to delete adjustment data see the Block adjustment User Manual Import exterior orientation allows to perform import of exterior orientation res ults Import orientation from metadata allows to perform import metadata to a project Create images georeferencing files allows to perform export of georeference data after preliminary block exterior orientation and adjustment to files of ArcInfo World File and MapInfo TAB formats contains menu items used to import of triangulation points measurements from files of PAT B X Points formats from PHOTOMOD 4 x XPT projects as well as data import from flight path file contains menu items used to export of triangulation points measurements to files of PAT B and X Points formats and for export of ties or GCP for further use them in Geomosaic module 2 2 source data In order to create and adjust photogrammetric network the following source data is used e data acquired on step of network creation aerial triangulation o parameters of interior orientation data that specify position and orientation of coordinate system o
239. tor To define one of opened images as a left one click the L button located in the toolbar of this image To define an active image as a left one click the L button of the upper toolbar of the Points measurement window 60 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation Points measurement fel Eq my QAAQAE e gt f4 oor BES AUM FRA AE AS A w L DE QAAN BE 84 giL x 2 R10_506 Pas 2 z Fon mE R ee pa 1 80 3583 0220 10305 1118 41 8908 mm 98 9089 mm pas Gah Gy eE ea 2 1 80 7314 6528 5883 0134 35 3776 mm 6 4369 mm D 1 80 3827 4081 4967 7484 37 1750 mm 13 8215 mm 2 1 80 94 8113 4518 6685 116 3300 mm 22 1447 mm Fig 36 The main window of the Points measurement module If in strip or inter strip stereopair is opened a square in the middle of the Points measurement window allows to setup relative location of main windows of images and lens windows ME Changed position of the Points measurement and Triangulation points windows is re membered by the system and restored at the module next launch wT 27 FlOo BRS TT ET TEE Be wt wie BL NEEE Z CEUC OERZ R09_587 R09_586 y a B EN 49 jo i 9 gt og oa gt oa 4 ee By dae z Siim ee 7 7 a p s oF dt Fie x i ay ey P F vod oe t E E E N A AN pHo Y AIS ok 9 A Oat Sere ene Gap ee Ser Re RS S ta Ae eee Ta i eo Se iat ISS sd E pii Tasi 3 4 A g a 7 ty gt in mad f R
240. trip measurements section of a report used to view and analyse points measurements between strips contains the following tables 113 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation o Statistics table on inter strip measurements o table of inter strip stereopairs IE In inter strip stereopairs tables there is a possibility to open selected stereopair in the Points measurement module that allows to edit points measurements there 6 9 3 The in strip measurements section The In strip measurements section of report is used to view points measurements results inside a strip and contains the following data oR Pile xi In Strip Measurements Statistics Stereopairs Stereopais o O Triplets Strips Images Not Not Total Complete Residuals Total Complete Residuals 2 R10_S05 R10_S07 2 1 ROS_S87 RO9_S85 2 Top Strip 2 Vertical Vertical parallax pix pix Staronair Number of Discrepancy of kappa Distribution P points Mean angle rad uniformity fe abs Ne B10 s05 R10 S06 505 R10_506 0 276 ozs 0 206 0 912 0 00662689 Uniform R1i0_S06 R10_S07 0 335 0 256 0 963 0 03222982 Uniform Tie residuals pix Triplet Number of points Mean abs EEE ENEA R10_505 R10_506 R10_507 a Ec 0 362 0 768 0 282 0 629 0 921 1 476 Close Fig 67 The In strip measurements section e Table of strips Statistics
241. trol of block layout creation by exterior orientation parameters To reveal blunders occurred during block layout creation it is recommended to visually estimate the block scheme created by exterior orientation parameters see the Sec tion 3 At that it is necessary to keep in mind that beside errors occurred during data import errors of interior orientation step as well as errors of defining of terrain height difference are also influence on block layout creation If visual control of a block scheme using block layout is satisfactory it is necessary to perform accuracy control of measured GCP coordinates and control of vertical parallax residuals on tie points Accuracy control of measured GCP coordinates To reveal errors in GCP coordinates use one of the following ways First way 1 Measure coordinates of 2 3 GC points on block images see the Section 7 1 2 Choose Orientation gt Direct georeferencing After that the system displays inform ation window which contains information about number of images adjusted using exterior orientation parameters 3 Choose Orientation gt Block adjustment or click the amp button The Adjustment toolbar opens 4 Estimate residuals vectors on GC points see the Block adjustment User Manual 168 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation second way 1 Place marker on GC point in a block image in 2D window 2 Choose Orientation gt GCP list or click the button of the main toolb
242. ts connection with adjacent images left and or right For example a triplet point symbol receives additional right and left angle brackets 8 Fig 94 The left image shows triplet point located in the center of triple overlap area the right one triplet point from the right image e J allows to show hide GCP error vectors A This function becomes available after block adjustment see the Block adjustment User Manual e 5 allows to show hide tie error vectors A This function becomes available after block adjustment see the Block adjustment User Manual 171 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation e allows to apply cancel a filter used to show triangulation points of certain types selected using the button A The filtering is also applicable to points displaying in the points catalogue shown in the Trian gulation points window allows to select triangulation points types in order to apply a filter when displaying them on images and in the points list of the Points measurement module see Section 8 5 QQQGRleots oo BES SOE 454 0 H Re RB Oe wt B ei B z CARARE A Arl x 3 QQQM B 7847 4 xX S BRio_s05 E R10_S07 wpe uf els e 3 g A gt cele 4 Ye P z NE o ip 2 he Na AY Ni 5 a4 3g a ha a ve 43 1a ag 4 Sa w fs 34 2 1 64 9206 6846 10154 2344 76 3509 mm 95 1517 mm 1 64 5509 6372 10246 1499 1 4315 mm 97 5746 mm
243. ts coordinates on block images entirely in manual mode and performing of images relative orientation e editing of tie points position to fix errors obtained after automatic measurement of points coordinates e editing of triangulation points to fix errors obtained on step of block adjustment see the Block adjustment User Manual e measurement of tie points coordinates to estimate accuracy by Y parallax after import of exterior orientation data The following items of the Orientation menu and buttons of the AT additional toolbar are used to start the Points measurement module 56 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation HE Open selected images for measurement allows to launch the Points meas urement module and automatically open block images selected in 2D window in the module UE Open images containing marker allows to launch the Points measurement module and automatically open in the module all images that contain marker position In 2D window 00 Open in strip stereopair allows to launch the Points measurement module and open two images of selected in strip stereopair IE If just one image is selected in 2D window neighboring right image in a strip will be opened by default If the last image in a strip is selected image to the left of the selected will be opened e i Open inter strip stereopair allows to launch the Points measurement module and open two images of selected inter strip stereopair
244. ts per each triplet 6 Open the Additional tab that includes sections used to setup data view parameters in the report The Residuals format section is used to setup format of errors numeric values in the report e fixed point is used to set format of errors numeric values accurate within 3 decimal places e exponential is used to set format of errors numeric values in exponential notation where a part of number is replaced with symbols E n where E expo nent means multiplying the preceding number by 10 to the power n The Precision section is used to setup output data accuracy select normal high or maximal The Angles section is used to setup angles format in the report e Alpha omega kappa angular elements of image exterior orientation are used in Russian coordinate systems e omega phi kappa angular elements of image exterior orientation are used in International coordinate systems see the Block adjustment User Manual The Angle units section is used to setup format of angles measurements units e radians e degrees e gons plane angle measure that equals to 1 100 of a right angle measure measurement of full rotation is 400 gons 110 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation Relative orientation report settings Main parameters Additional Residuals format Angles Fixed point Alpha Omega Kappa Exponential C Omega Phi Kappa Precision Angle un
245. ts window displays a number of all triangulation points number of points shown in the list on selected tab The GCP list tab contains a list of all measured and unmeasured GC points with their coordinates and measurements accuracy data RMS on terrain Buttons of the toolbar allow to input view search edit import and export of GCP and for viewing of selected point measurements on project images in the Points measurement module see Section 7 1 gt Triangulation points total 154 visible 11 237 GCP list 1x All triangulation points z AA n oe amp B Bs B DAA By Me Type xX M YM Z M Std dev X m Ground Control Ground Control Check Ground Control Ground Control Ground Control Ground Control Ground Control Ground Control Ground Control Ground Control 4969403 12 497103727 4970040 52 4969867 5 4970281 38 4970710 75 4969846 56 4970639 77 4970965 65 4970211 49 4969470 39 6444320 64 6444373 22 6443595 94 644456754 6444471 62 6444342 65 6442930 37 6442967 29 6443051 46 6442953 4 6442963 69 134 84 130 34 130 59 129 1 146 18 180 83 172 22 160 92 132 14 Fig 43 GCP list On the All triangulation points tab displays full list of triangulation points all measured tie points measured unmeasured GCP check points The toolbar allows to search filter 72 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation edit import export and display points on project i
246. ulation points window toolbar to add a new GC point which coordinates are calculated by DEM and adjustment data A new GC point arrears in the list of the Triangulation points window To add the only one measurement of GC point coordinates on selected image click the button holding pressed Alt key otherwise the point will be added on all opened images 141 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation 7 7 Georeferenced external data 7 7 1 The Map window Georeferenced external data raster and vector maps DEMs and web maps for the same terrain as project images are used as a basis to obtain GCP coordinates and measurement of the GCP on project images A In order to use all features of the Map window it is recommended to work with georeferenced block scheme i e it is necessary to have already measured GCP available on project images two at least or block layout created using exterior orientation data see the Section 7 7 3 General workflow on GCP transfer includes the following steps 1 Load of georeferenced data briefly map 2 Selection of terrain point on the map and search for the point on project images 3 Transfer the point from the map add measure of point s coordinates on project images 4 optional Editing of the GC point Main purpose of the Map window load of georeferenced data raster and vector maps and DEMs in order to use them for adding GC points and measurement their coordinates on
247. unt for DEM button The Ground sample distance GSD window opens Ground sample distance GSD mel x 3B EB HE ol of Ge Be Set GSD value Name GSD m Int or GSD modified GSD 0 106645 m Set El iw 1 g E o Str40_0317_RGB E Calculator Str40_0316_RGB Mi str40_0315_RGB T H Image pixel size um Loo From project Str40_0314_RGB V Str40_0313_RGB M2 Survey scale i V Str41_0419_RGB str41_0420_RGB caves 7 Str41_0421_RGB M str41_0422_RGB Coigubs by DEM 7 Str41_0423_RGB R2EStr42 0504 RGB Eil Str42_0503_RGB W Str42_0502_RGB In NULL DEM cells use 2 V Str42_0501_RGB po M 2 V Str42_0500_RGB J Use image points out of DEM extents To compute image GSD by DEM the image interior and exterior orientation parameters are to be specified Compute OK Cancel Fig 5 Specifying of GSD by DEM or manually 3 Choose block images in the table in order to setup GSD value for them A There is a possibility to specify GSD value of project images in advance on step of block forming using the Block gt Set GSD menu item see the Project creation User Manual 4 Choose one of the following ways of GSD value defining e to specify image GSD value manually input this value to
248. use first of all imported data to create block layout Creating block layout considering exterior orientation parameters significantly reduces processing time during aerial triangulation step and if the parameters are quite accurate it is possible even to skip the step A It is recommended to create block layout once more after adding new images to a project 2 Choose Window gt Block layout Ctri Alt L or click the button of the main toolbar The Block layout window opens Block layout el Fa Mode By ties C wio layout By ext or By centers Use subblock Select subblock ciza ma doh Mo M Initial approximation overlap 60 o 30 of Iv V QuickTies Edit v V Tie points Iv GC points v Imported exterior orientation Account for DEM Projection centers and angles Projection centers only Iv Adjustment results Z x1 00 Image scaling x 1 10 1 10 More Apply Close Fig 3 Parameters of block layout creation 3 In the Mode section select one of three modes of block layout creation or choose to skip block layout creation step e By ties used to create block layout by tie point coordinates or by other data selected by checkboxes in the Block layout window e W o layout used to cancel block layout creation returns a block scheme to its initial state after images loading e By ext or used to create block layout by imported exterior orientation paramet ers only other data
249. ut a camera name and specify camera parameters according to its passport see the Section 4 3 3 and Section 4 3 4 or import camera parameters see the Section 4 3 5 3 Click OK Aname of new camera is shown in a list of the Project cameras section and in active profile resources in the current project folder the Cameras folder is created It contains file with the camera description Camera name x cam lt lt The i button allows to edit all camera parameters except for its name specified in the Camera field To rename camera selected in a list use the amp button 4 optional Repeat steps 1 3 to define other cameras in a project if project images are acquired using different cameras In order to assign camera to selected images perform the following actions 1 Inthe Manage project cameras window select a camera in the Project cameras list 2 Select images in the Project images table 26 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation 3 Setthe Assign selected camera to selected images checkbox to assign selected camera to images IE To recalculate interior orientation without assigning new camera clear the Assign selected camera to selected images checkbox and click the Execute button 4 Set the Set camera rotation for selected images checkbox and select rotation angle 0 90 180 or 270 5 Click the Execute button Selected camera will be assigned to selected project images 4 3 3 Parameters of film camera To
250. v Line template Name x 2 stddevx stddevy stddevz T amp Start import From line 2 s Preview maximum fio s lines J Automatically validate template Available Fields Field separators J Comma Tab V Space Semicolon Other Decimal separator Misc Point only J UTF 8 Point or comma Parse Preview file C import export gcp_infomap cs ot Name KL ye ke Stevx_ StdDevy StdDev a 4971037 270000 6444373 220000 0 2000 4970710 750000 6444342 650000 129 100000 control 0 200000 0 200000 0 20001 4 4970281 380000 6444471 620000 130 590000 control 0 200000 0 200000 0 20001 5 49696867 500000 6444567 540000 130 340000 control 0 200000 0 200000 0 20001 4gqqg4n3 1ennnn Addon ANNANN 134 RANNAN E contral o nannan o nannan N zon Drag a field name from the list of available fields on a grid column to assign column type Double click on grid column to cancel assignment Points with existing names Replace Skip Convert coordinate system Input coordinate system AekapToba nesaad JeKkapToBa neBar NOKANbHaA CHCTEMa KOOPAHMHAT Orientation left geo referencing local coordinate system Output coordinate system AekapToba nesaa JeKkapToBba NeBar NOKaNnbHaA CHCTEMa KOOPAMHAT Orientation left geo referencing local coordinate system cont _ Fig 75 Setup of a template sample 5 optiona
251. v extension see format description in Section 9 5 3 Specify measurement units of points coordin ates that used in image coordinate system pix mm or mcm If the measurements consider distortion correction and principal point shift set the Refined camera co ordinates checkbox 4 optional In order to select file which contains images names numbers from se lected files with geodetic coordinates and point coordinates measurements set the File with list of correspondent PAT B and PHOTOMOD image names checkbox and click the _ button A A filename of images names correspondence should be set in the form of Name_in_PAT_B Name_in PHOTOMOD At that both comma and space could be used as a delimiter between PAT B and PHOTOMOD names but space between images names should not be used 184 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation fa Lister F PatB tata map yes m fe File Edit Options Help 100 9606 sc9h te 965 sch 9604 sch 963 sc98s 79 sco S38 sch 881 sci 682 scee2 z Fig 102 Example of file of images names correspondence 5 Select actions to be performed in case of coincidence of images points names in file with existing images points names in a project Replace Skip Rename 6 Click OK Imported points are added to triangulation points list 9 1 2 Import of triangulation points from X Points The system provides possibility of import of tie and GC points coordinates from X Points files To perform mea
252. vigate through the rows rotate the mouse wheel Exterior orientation parameters Fife Eq HA rX BB a a ww 2M Aly vel Code Name X M Z Omega Phi Kappa Type XYZ Type angles 710 2 0710 737974 0635540 259599 2411130 2016 9475450 0 184334279 0 1425681676 0 564699662 Control Control 712 2 0712 737213 0230690 259562 0469660 2014 6112860 0 746474476 0 1535505919 0 147256554 Control Control 714 2 0714 736466 4585890 259560 0156140 2018 20966820 0 897751335 0 352275360 1 027456254 Control Control 720 736280 6149570 258379 0705590 2050 5643330 0 42583409F 0 231166197 179 608971000 Control Control 722 737050 8852730 258385 8225100 2047 04506680 0 909901366 0 556709933 177 522233230 Control Control 724 7376003 5499110 2583768 3429710 2052 1558770 0 192353483 0 185511002 177 979049079 Control Control OK Cancel Fig 71 List of exterior orientation parameters The list of exterior orientation parameters contains the following exterior orientation data of project images e project images code and name e XYZ projection center coordinates in meters e Qmega Phi Kappa angles of exterior orientation in degrees e survey time type and RMS of projection centers coordinates and angles 126 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation The table displays adjusted and initial values of angles and GC points coordinates The toolbar buttons allow to work with the table to perfor
253. window for visual estimation of stereopair location in im ages block A stereopair is highlighted along with adding it to already highlighted ones in 2D window Cancelling of a stereopair highlighting is performed along with subtraction from highlighted stereopairs Stereopairs with measurements errors are highlighted by yellow color stereopairs with unavailable relative orientation by red color The following errors are shown by red color they are depending on parameters specified in the Relative orientation report settings window o number of points measured on a stereopair below specified threshold o values of vertical parallax exceeding specified threshold o non uniformity of points distribution If there each standard zone contains measurements of coordinates of at least one point then a stereopair with measurements errors is highlighted by yellow color o difference of kappa angles that exceeds specified value e Table of triplets displays data on measurements in each triplet of a strip and contains the following columns o The first column is used for measurements editing and allows to open thePoints measurement module and to open automatically images of selected triplet at the same time IE After the editing is completed and the Points measurement is closed click the Refresh hyperlink in the report to re calculate relative orientation and refresh the report o the Triplet column is used to display names o
254. wing actions 1 Choose Orientation gt Interior orientation Report on interior orientation or click the button of the AT additional toolbar The Report on interior orientation window opens 48 PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Report on interior orientation OI xi Main parameters Additional Show report All images C Selected images Threshold For interior orientation residuals jo s000 pix Mean abs value C Max mm RMS cect _ Fig 28 Main parameters of interior orientation report Aerial triangulation 2 On the Main parameters tab specify the following report parameters e in the Show report section choose the All images or Selected images option e choose a type of residual RMS root mean square Mean abs value mean or Max maximal and specify the Threshold for interior orientation residuals value in the appropriate field in pix or mm e If project images were scanned by photogrammetric scanner mean absolute value Eep should not exceed a half pixel size The approximate ratio of the mean maximum and mean square error is calculated as follows Emax 2 Emean ANd RMS V2 E mean where Emean mean residual E 7 9 V2 0 5pix max residual RMS quadratic mean RMS 3 On the Additional tab specify the following additional parameters e choose format of residuals Fixed point or Exponential e define accuracy of residual values output Normal Highe
255. x Exy displays triplet residual by XY for a point with measurements in triple overlap area in pix or mm if the triplets are opened in the Points measure ment module displays triplet residual by Z for a point with meas urements in triple overlap area in pix or mm if the triplets are opened in the Points measurement module During executing of relative orientation it is recommended to set the following threshold values PHOTOMOD 6 0 2 Aerial triangulation e correlation coefficient threshold 0 9 0 95 e maximal Y parallax no more than the pixel size e values of threshold on maximal error in triplets are calculated using the following formula Emax 2 Emean Where Emean average error threshold e average error by XY is calculated using the following formula Evan V2 0 5pix average error by Z is average error by XY multiplied by ratio of the camera focal length f to the survey basis b z _f xy E mean p E mean 6 3 Automatic measurement of tie points coordinates 6 3 1 Work sequence and conditions The system provides possibility to measure tie points coordinates and perform relative orientation in automatic mode When working in automatic mode correlation algorithm is used for search and measurement of tie points coordinates To perform automatic measurement of tie point coordinates the following data should be available e interior orientation parameters of images which will be considere
256. y by ground control and by tie and in the Type field the Excluded value is displayed 1 Point measured automatically displays if the point is measured in automatic mode see the Section 6 3 or if the point s co ordinates are measured manually Total measurements displays number of images where point s coordin ates were measured Strips with point measurements displays number of strips with the point s coordinates measurements U Measured on a single image displays if the point s coordinates are measured on a single image with no ties only otherwise i Measured on stereopairs displays the point s coordinates are measured on stereopairs otherwise Measured in triplets displays the point s coordinates are measured in triplet otherwise oan Strips with measurements on isolated images displays if interstrip point is single within one of the strips or if it is not single within a strip i e is measured on stereopair or in triplet us Measurements on non adjacent strips _ displays if the point s coordinates are measured on images of non adjacent strips otherwise Fa Minimum correlation coefficient displays correlation coefficient if the point s coordin ates were measured using correlator Max Y par displays Y parallax in pix or mm if stereopairs are opened in the Points measurement module and relative orientation is done Ma

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