FrAX series - Kamtron Systems
Contents
1. Sydney AUSTRALIA Danderyd SWEDEN Ontario CANADA Trappes FRANCE Oberursel GERMANY Aargau SWITZERLAND Kingdom of BAHRAIN Mumbai INDIA Johannesburg SOUTH AFRICA Chonburi THAILAND Megger is a registered trademark2. User manual Additional included accessories for FRAX 99 AC DC adapter Light transport case Canvas carrying bag for accessories USB cable Additional included accessories for FRAX 101 AC DC adapter Transport case Bluetooth adapter USB cable Additional included accessories for FRAX 150 Canvas carrying bag for accessories Optional Accessories Calibration set FRAX demo box FDB 101 FRAX generator and ref cable 9 m 30 ft AC 90020 AC 90050 GC30040 FRAX generator and ref cable 18 m 60 ft GC 30042 FRAX measure cable 9 m 30 ft GC 30050 FRAX measure cable 18 m 60 ft GC30052 C clamps GC 80010 The FRAX demo box FDB101 is a transformer kit that can be used for in house training and demonstrations The small transformer is a single phase unit with capability to simulate normal as well as fault conditions Open as well as shorted measurements can be performed The unit also contains two test impedances one of them the same as used in the FTB101 field test box E clamp single hand grip clamp GC 80030 CERTIFICATION ISO Registered to ISO 9001 and 14001 FRAX Series_DS EN_NAFTAV03 www megger com UK UNITED STATES Archcliffe Road Dover 4271 Bronze Way CT17 9EN England Dallas TX 75237 1019 USA T 44 0 1304 502101 T 800 723 2861 USA only F 44 0 1304 207342 T 1 214 333 3201 UKsales megger com F 1 214 331 7399 USsales megger com OTHER TECHNICAL SALES OFFICES Valley Forge USA College Station USA
3. a noticeable change is also visible in the 10 kHz 200 kHz range Megger BENEFITS Built in decision support is pro vided by using a built in analysis tool based on the based on the SFRA standard DL T 911 2004 Smallest and most rugged FRA instrument in the industry Guaranteed repeatability by using superior cabling technology and standardized signal cable grounding technique IEC 60076 18 Method 1 Fulfills all international standards for Sweep Frequency Response Analysis SFRA measurements IEC 60076 18 IEEE C57 149 etc Highest dynamic range and accuracy in the industry allowing even the most subtle electro mechanical changes within the transformer to be detected Advanced analysis and support software tools allows for sound decision making with regard to further diagnostics analysis and or transformer disposition Built in PC with powerful backlit screen for use in direct sunlight FRAX 150 ix Ri tdareciate AR N Magnitude ARM Phasa Ak P Magntude j Phase At48 OLIT 911 2004 Ansiyzer FRAX Series Sweep Frequency Response Analyzers FEATURES 1 Test object browser Unlimited number of tests and sweeps Full user control 2 Quick select tabs Quickly change presentation view for different perspectives and analysis tools 3 Quick graph buttons Programmable graph setting lets you change views quickly and easily 4 Sweep curve settings Every sweep can be individually tu
4. the instruments noise floor should be maintained to obtain 1 dB accuracy iii Minimum 20dB oe woe 1u weer Oe De An example of a transformer measurement in comparison with the internal noise level in FRAX Megger FRAX 150 WITH BUILT IN PC FRAX 150 has a built in PC with a high contrast powerful backlit screen suitable for work in direct sunlight The cursor is controlled via the built in joystick or using an external USB mouse and the built in keyboard makes data entry easy All data are stored on the built in hard drive The data can be moved to any other computer using a USB memory stick FRAX Series Sweep Frequency Response Analyzers Case and accessories Test button Built in mouse with left and right click buttons sealed to protect from dust and other contaminants Navigation arrows Enter key Close up of FRAX 150 control panel SPECIFICATIONS FRAX 99 101 150 Specifications are valid at nominal input voltage and an ambient temperature of 25 C 77 F Specifications are subject to change without notice Environmental Application field The instrument is intended for use in medium and high voltage substations and industrial environments Ambient temperature Operating FRAX 150 5 C to 50 C 23 F to 122 F FRAX 99 101 20 C to 55 C 4 F to 131 F Storage 20 C to 70 C 4 F to 158 F Humidity lt 95 RH non condensing CE marking EMC 2004 10
5. 18 m 60 ft cable set With accessories incl battery 18 m cable set With accessories 9 m 30 ft cable set With accessories incl battery 9 m cable set FRAX 99 With accessories 9 m cable set With accessories 18 m cable set With accessories incl battery 9 m cable set With accessories incl battery 18 m cable set Cat No AC 19090 AC 19091 AC 19092 AC 19093 AC 29090 AC 29092 AC 29095 AC 29096 ground braid sets 2 earth ground braid leads insulated 2 C clamps generator cable measure cable field test box nylon accessory FRAX 150 pouch 2 earth ground braids with clamp and canvas carrying bag for test leads FTB101 Several international FRA guides recommend verification integrity of cable and instrument before and after a test using a test circuit with a known FRA response supplied by the equipment manufacturer FRAX comes with a field test box FTB101 as a standard accessory and allows the user to perform this important validation in the field at any time and secure measurement quality OPTIONAL ACCESSORIES FDB101 With accessories 18 m cable set AC39090 With accessories 9 m cable set AC 39092 Included accessories for all models Generator cable Measure cable 4x 3m 10 ft ground braid set 2x0 3m 1 ft braid with clamp 2 x clamp bushing connector clamp 2 x G clamp ground clamp Field Test Box FTB101 Ground cable 5 m 15 ft Mains cable FRAX software for Windows
6. 8 EC LVD 2006 95 EC General DC power supply 11 16 V DC AC power supply 90 264 V AC 47 63 Hz Internal battery 24 Wh 2 2 Ah FRAX99 optional 49 Wh 4 4 Ah FRAX101 Dimensions Instrument FRAX 150 305 x 194 x 360 mm 12 x 7 6 x 14 2 FRAX 99 101 250 x 169 x 52 mm 9 84 x 6 65 x 2 05 Transport case FRAX 150 FRAX 99 101 520 x 460 x 220 mm 20 5 x 18 1 x 8 7 Weight Instrument FRAX 150 6 kg 13 Ibs FRAX 99 101 1 4 kg 3 1 Ibs 1 8 kg 4 lbs with battery FRAX 150 16 kg 35 Ibs FRAX 101 15 kg 33 Ibs FRAX 99 12 kg 26 lbs Measurement section Test method Sweep frequency SFRA Frequency range 0 1 Hz 25 MHz user selectable Frequency resolution lt 0 01 Frequency inaccuracy lt 0 01 Level resolution lt 0 001 dB Number of points Default 1046 Measurement time Points spacing Sweep settings Dynamic range IEC 60076 18 Inaccuracy IF bandwidth PC Communication FRAX 150 FRAX 101 FRAX 99 Software Standards guides Analog Output Channels Compliance voltage Measurement voltage at50 0 Output impedance Protection Frequency range Sweep direction Analog Input Channels Sampling Frequency range Input impedance Sampling rate PC FRAX 150 Operating system Memory Up to 32 000 points user selectable Default 64s fast setting 37 s 20 Hz 2 MHz Log linear or both Individual settings for customer defined frequency bands Linear and logarithmic sca
7. Megger FRAX Series Sweep Frequency Response Analyzers DESCRIPTION FRAX Series Sweep Frequency Response Analyzers Highest dynamic range and accuracy in the industry Fulfills international standards for SFRA measurements E Advanced analysis and decision support built into the software Imports data from other FRA test sets E Wireless communication FRAX 101 Battery operated FRAX 99 and FRAX 101 Power transformers are some of the most vital components in today s transmission and distribution infrastructure Transformer failures cost enormous amounts of money in unexpected outages and unscheduled maintenance It is important to avoid these failures and make testing and diagnostics reliable and efficient The FRAX series of sweep frequency response analyzers SFRA detects mechanical and electrical changes of the core and winding assembly of power transformers Major utilities and service companies have used the FRA method for more than a decade and the method is covered in international standards The measurement is easy to perform and will capture a unique fingerprint of the transformer The measurement result is compared to a reference fingerprint and gives a direct answer if the mechanical parts of the transformer are unchanged or not Deviations indicate geometrical and or electrical changes within the transformer qa 3 3 50 c a amp FRAX detects problems such as Collecting fing
8. erprint data using Frequency Response Analysis FRA Winding deformations and displacements is an easy way to detect electro mechanical problems in power trans Shorted turns and open windings Loosened clamping structures m Core connection problems Partial winding collapse Faulty core grounds E Core movements formers and an investment that will save time and money Megger APPLICATION Power transformers are specified to withstand mechanical forces from both transportation and in service events such as faults and lightning However mechanical forces may exceed specified limits during severe incidents or when the insulation s mechanical strength has weakened due to aging A relatively quick test where the fingerprint response is compared to a post event response allows for a reliable decision on whether the transformer safely can be put back into service or if further diagnostics is required Method basics A transformer consists of multiple capacitances inductances and resistors a very complex circuit that generates a unique fingerprint or signature when test signals are injected at discrete frequencies and responses are plotted as a curve L e E F T dk y Capacitance is affected by the distance between conductors Movements in the winding will consequently affect capacitances and change the shape of the curve amp ah A E E tf TF Transformer Housing R R R R R R R R The SFRA me
9. formation that can be used when determining further action Having a reference measurement on a mission critical transformer when an incident has occurred is therefore a valuable investment as it will allow for an easier and more reliable analysis FRAX Series Sweep Frequency Response Analyzers ANALYSIS AND SOFTWARE As a general guideline shorted turns magnetization and other problems related to the core alter the shape of the curve in the lowest frequencies Medium frequencies represent axial or radial movements in the windings and high frequencies indicate problems involving the cables from the windings to bushings and tap changers An example of low medium and high frequency response The FRAX software provides numerous features for efficient data analysis Unlimited tests can be open at the same time and the user has full control of which sweeps to compare The response can be viewed in traditional magnitude vs frequency and or phase vs frequency view The user can also choose to present the data in an impedance or admittance vs frequency view for powerful analysis on certain transformer types gt fes 3 gt D ke c a t The figure above shows a single phase transformer after a service overhaul where by mistake the core ground never got connected red and after the core ground was properly connected green This potential problem clearly showed up at frequencies between 1 kHz and 10 kHz and
10. hniques have issues when it comes to providing repeatable conditions This causes unwanted variations in the measured response for the highest frequencies and makes analysis difficult The FRAX braid drops down from the connection clamp next to the insulating discs to the ground connection at the base of the bushing This creates near identical conditions every time you connect to a bushing regardless if it is tall or short and is the recommended way of connecting in CIGRE TB342 and IEC 60076 18 Hook up practice Main flat braid connected to coupling hanging next to bushing f Short braid connected between main braid and bushing flange L Ea ias SS gt paa SS TEL py a 3 Solid connections using the C clamps and the shortest braid method to connect the shield to ground makes it possible to eliminate connec tion problems and cable loops that otherwise affect the measurement FRAX Series Sweep Frequency Response Analyzers Import and Export The FRAX software can import data files from other FRA instruments making it possible to compare data obtained using another FRA unit FRAX can import and export data according to the international XFRA standard format as well as standard CSV and TXT formats Optimized sweep setting The software offers the user an unmatched feature that allows for fast and efficient testing Traditional SFRA systems use a logar
11. ithmic spacing of measurement points This results in as many test points between 20 Hz and 200 Hz as between 200 kHz and 2 MHz and a relatively long measurement time The frequency response from the transformer contains a few resonances in the low frequency range but a lot of resonances at higher frequencies FRAX allows the user to specify less measurement points at lower frequencies and high measurement point density at higher frequencies The result is a much faster sweep with greater detail where it is needed Variable voltage The applied test voltage may affect the response at lower frequencies Some FRA instruments do not use the 10 V peak to peak used by major manufacturers and this may complicate comparisons between tests FRAX standard voltage is 10 V peak to peak but FRAX also allows the user to adjust the applied voltage to match the voltage used in a different test Dynamic range Making accurate measurements in a wide frequency range with high dynamics puts great demands on test equipment test leads and test set up FRAX is designed with these requirements in mind It is rugged able to filter induced interference and has the highest dynamic range and accuracy in the industry FRAX dynamic range or noise floor is shown in red below with a normal transformer measurement in black A wide dynamic range and low noise floor allows for accurate measurements in every transformer A margin of about 20 dB from the lowest response to
12. le or combination of both gt 135 dB FRAX101 and 150 gt 120 dB FRAX99 0 1 dB from 10 dB down to 50 dB 0 5 dB down to 100 dB FRAX 101 150 1 dB down to 100 dB FRAX 99 User selectable default lt 10 Internal USB galvanically isolated Wireless Bluetooth and USB galvani cally isolated USB galvanically isolated FRAX for Windows 2000 XP Vista 7 8 Fulfills requirements in Cigr Brochure 342 2008 Mechanical condition assess ment of transformer windings using FRA DL T 911 2004 FRA on winding deforma tion of power transformers IEC 60076 18 and IEEE PC57 149 as well as other stand ards and recommendations 1 0 20 24 V p p FRAX 101 150 20 V p p FRAX 99 0 1 12 V p p FRAX 101 150 10 V p p FRAX 99 500 Short circuit protected 0 1 Hz 25 MHz Low to high or high to low 2 Simultaneously 0 1 Hz 25 MHz 500 100 MS s Windows XP embedded 1000 records in internal memory External storage on USB stick PC Requirements FRAX 99 101 Note PC not included Operating system Processor Memory Hard drive Interface Windows XP Vista 7 Pentium 500 MHz or higher 256 Mb RAM or more Minimum 30 Mb free Wireless USB FRAX 99 101 USB and Ethernet FRAX 99 FRAX Series Sweep Frequency Response Analyzers Megger INCLUDED ACCESSORIES ORDERING INFORMATION Included accessories shown above Mains cable ground cable 2 egger Item FRAX 101 With accessories
13. rned on or off change color thickness and position 5 Dynamic zoom Zoom in and move your focus to any part of the curve 6 Operation buttons All essential functions at your fingertips select with mouse function keys or touch screen 7 Automated analysis compares two curves using an algorithm that compare amplitude as well as frequency shift and lets you know if the difference is severe obvious or light IR 2007 05 23 13 07 41 H1 H0 fopen 5 Type 0 F beg e 2s Cirle fot Gaghs oT tous H m Ak 0 Megger CONSIDERATIONS WHEN PERFORMING SFRA MEASUREMENTS SFRA measurements are compared over time or between different test objects This accentuates the need to perform the test with the highest repeatability and eliminates the influence from external parameters such as cables connections and instrument performance FRAX offers all the necessary tools to ensure that the measured curve represents the internal condition of the transformer Good connections Bad connections can compromise the test results which is why FRAX offers a rugged test clamp that ensures good connection to the bushings and solid connections to the instrument Contacts made with the C clamp guarantee good connections Shortest braid concept The connection from the cable shield to ground has to be the same for every measurement on a given transformer Traditional ground connection tec
14. thod is based on comparisons between measured curves where variations are detected One SFRA test consists of multiple sweeps and reveals if the transformer s mechanical or electrical integrity has been jeopardized Practical application In its standard application a fingerprint reference curve for each winding is captured when the transformer is new or when it Is in a known good condition These curves can later be used as reference during maintenance tests or when there is reason to suspect a problem The most reliable method is the time based comparison where curves are compared over time on measurements from the same transformer Another method utilizes type based comparisons between sister transformers with the same design Lastly a construction based comparison can under certain conditions be used when comparing measurements between windings in the same transformer These comparative tests can be performed 1 before and after transportation 2 after severe through faults 3 before and after overhaul and 4 as diagnostic test if you suspect potential problems One SFRA test can detect winding problems that require multiple tests with different kinds of test equipment or problems that cannot be detected with other techniques at all The SFRA test presents a quick and cost effective way to assess If damages have occurred or if the transformer can safely be energized again If there is a problem the test result provides valuable in
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