Radio User Standard Operating Procedures
Contents
1. XR2 OK over If acall sign did not respond the first time Control would call them again Unknown Station should be used when it is not known who has been heard or who is calling Establishing Contact An initial call should be made and received in the following manner with the station being called repeated XR1 this is Control over This is should be used for every transmission It is worthwhile justifying the reasons for this It takes second to say Much clearer than From International Standard Because it is expected in every transmission it is instantly recognisable even in poor reception conditions It opens the radio s squelch and the receiving ear has synchronised by the time the call sign following it is spoken This is gives the brain the moment it needs to compose the rest of the message Radio User Manual Page 19 of 35 Rev 1 Mar 2010 KSAR Radio Use Standard Operating procedure After the initial call the called station is omitted but the calling station continues to give its call sign This means that even when another call sign comes into range it can be certain who is calling at any stage of the exchange A typical exchange would be XR1 this is Control over Control this is XR1 over This is Control wait for XR2 at GRID TQ12345 67890 over This is XR1 roger out Often when traffic between call signs is light and the path2. If there is a need to restrict the radio traffic to essential transmissions then the pro word Minimise should be used To lift the Radio Silence All stations this is control Silence lifted Silence lifted out Long Messages From time to time messages or reports are fairly long and will require a break to ensure that the sent part has been received correctly instead of getting to the end of the message and having to use repetitions The pro word to be used is So far Examples of this are Message requiring sending XR1 this is Control change of plan go to Area 1 via the green route and rendezvous with XR2 and combine with them to make one team and carry out a search of Area 1 Send as XR1 this is Control change of plan go to Area 1 via the green route So Far Radio User Manual Page 25 of 35 Rev 1 Mar 2010 KSAR Radio Use Standard Operating procedure To confirm that the have received and understood the sent part of the message XR 1 should confirm by using the pro word So Far if not use the repetition pro words mentioned earlier XR1 So Far Continue the message Rendezvous with XR2 and combine with them to make one team So Far So Far Carry out a search of Area 1 over XR1 Roger out Transmission of Letters and Numbers Letters The words in the table below are used when individual letters have to be transmitted or words spelt For spelling you should use the
3. CASREP Alpha 1 Bravo Grid TQ12345 67890 s s s over Or if control was not ready they could send the following XR1 this is Control wait 1 out Radio User Manual Page 28 of 35 Rev 1 Mar 2010 KSAR Radio Use Standard Operating procedure Example of a CASREP A report on causalities This report may be proceded by the Code Word if this is applicable Code Red PERSON OR BODY FOUND Control this is XR1 CODE RED wait out If there is heavy traffic is heavy it may be necessary to break in transmissions Stations that are not in the interchange must remain silent until the message has been passed CASREP Serial No Call RRi Date Time Sign A No of Casualties One B Casualty Location GRID TQ 12345 67890 Grid Reference c Description and Condition Male Mid sixties unconscious of Causality breathing Hypothermic Weak if more than one prefix with the iresularodie No i e L a 2 guar p D Treatment of Causality KA Called ETA 8mins RV Track if more than one prefix with the junction Grid TQ 12334 67880 No i e 1 2 Include if the Casualty sheltered and being Ambulance have been called warmed E Resources Required Stretcher and Blankets F RV for Resources Grid TQ 12344 67898 G_ Any other relevant info Empty Paracetamol Blister Pack found by Casualty Items seized by Team Clue Rep to follow Radio User Manual Page 29 of 35 Rev 1 Mar 2010
4. ease when using the Radio Radio User Manual Page 14 of 35 Rev 1 Mar 2010 KSAR Radio Use Standard Operating procedure There are two basic considerations when talking on the air WHAT TO SAY Voice procedure HOWTO SAY IT Voice Technique WHAT IS VOICE PROCEDURE Voice procedure is a set of rules designed to provide SECURITY ACCURACY and DISCIPLINE when speaking on the radio SECURITY Think before you speak Use correct procedure Be brief ACCURACY The necessity for clear speech on two way radio cannot be over emphasised Therefore it is important that the correct RSVP system The use of Standard Reports and Code words enhance the accuracy of information DISCIPLINE Radio discipline is the responsibility of every operator and should adhere to the following Listen before you speak Use correct voice procedure Maintain constant radio watch Answer all calls promptly Keep the airways free of unnecessary talk Be brief and to the point Radio User Manual Page 15 of 35 Rev 1 Mar 2010 KSAR Radio Use Standard Operating procedure PROWORDS Pro words are used to indicate specific meaning that replaces abbreviated sentences or phrases ACKNOWLEGE Respond now indicating that you have received and understood a message ok n Response Roger Say Again AFFIRMATIVE This means YES normally used when a question is asked and
5. incidents Maximum authorised operating ceiling is 6 500 feet 2 Permission to use repeaters must be specifically requested and granted before use Equipment MUST be capable of operating with a 12 5kHz bandwidth 3 Current Ground Air Ground channel Until all SAR dedicated helicopters have Marine Band VHF radios with the new band plan installed this is to be used as the sole Ground to Air G2A land SAR Channel The channel will revert to 12 5kHz band spacing in 2009 Maximum authorised ceiling is 6 500 feet 1 Remote land SAR parties with medical emergency for inital contact with transiting SAR helicopters 2 For making operational contact with HMCG 3 Under HMCG control for HMCG land SAR communications Can exceptionally be used as an overflow Ground Air channel if Channel 53a is too busy When Ch 24a eventually takes over as the Ground to Air Channel Ch73 will continue as the G2A overflow and ChS3a soon to be 12 5kHz bandwidth will assume another role Ch73 may be used by land SAR under the direct control of CG MRCC MRSC This channel can be used by SAR airborne units for coastal G2A under HMCG direction Requires a Public Business Radio Licence available from Ofcom Rev 1 Mar 2010 Page 5 of 35 lio User Manual Radi v k T o fs fe a jets Z B Q a O ne ToT G pi n o a D 2 gel a ac lt q v Se ALSAR Unit Default frequencies As of 7th May 2005 In
6. not Switched on Turn Handset on Unable to hear any transmissions Wrong Frequency set Change Frequency POOR RECEPTION Causes Remedial Action Shielded by People Cars Buildings Hills and Mountains Move location Distance between Stations Move Location or use the Relay procedure Damage or loose Antenna Repair or replace the Antenna and then check that it is tight Mouth too close too far away Move the Mike away from the mouth Approx 1 1 from Mouth 45 angle Speak slowly and clearly Talking too loud too soft Speak in a firm monotone voice Interference Causes Remedial Action Too many users talking at once Wait until the Channel is clear before transmitting If you have a priority or an emergency use the correct Break In procedure Always yield to more urgent or emergency channels Background Wind Noise Move away from the noise and turn your back to the wind Radio User Manual Page 35 of 35 Rev 1 Mar 2010
7. the reply is YES ALL AFTER Used with Say again Meaning to repeat parts of message after a specific word e g say all after boy ALL BEFORE Used with Say again To repeat parts of a message before a specific word e g say all before Wood ALL BETWEEN Used with Say again to define the part of the message to be repeated do not use unless it is related to a written message ALL STATIONS Call sign for all stations on the radio net BE ADVISED Universal pro word for imparting information either directly or from third parties less formal than message COPIED l intercepted that message for me that was sent to you this is not the same as roger CORRECTION An error was made in my message so here is the correct version Note include the text phase before and after the incorrect part DISREGARD Ignore what have just said this should not be used for a message that THIS has been completely transmitted EMERGENCY have a message of Life threatening Importance by implication EMERGENCY unnecessary transmissions must cease EMERGENCY EXEMPT The following message does not apply to the station named EXERCISE Used to indicate that the following message is exercise play no a real EXERCISE situation EXERCISE FIGURES Figures follow used if there is a chance of ambiguity but if a Grid reference is to follow use the Pro word GRID FROM The originator of the message GRID A Grid reference to follow IN CONTACT lam i
8. AR units under the following conditions Radio equipment must be constructed and used in accordance with the licence provisions The licensee must ensure that the radio equipment is only used by persons authorised by the licensee and such persons are made aware of and comply with the terms of the licence The secretary of state may require the station to be closed down if A breach of licence conditions has occurred The use of the equipment is causing undue interference to other authorised users The station can also be closed down in cases of national emergency The purpose of the licence is to allow the licensee to send and receive messages between base and mobile stations and between mobile stations Messages must concern only the business of the licensee Special conditions Used for voice transmission only Not to send misleading messages Not to transmit music broadcast programmes offensive or obscene language Not to be used as a public address system Call signs of calling and called stations must be announced at the beginning of all transmissions General points Radio operators must abide by licence conditions It is good operating practice to sound professional at all times Be aware that others may be listening to your transmissions Keep messages short and to the point Radio User Manual Page 7 of 35 Rev 1 Mar 2010 KSAR Radio Use Standard Operating procedure HOW TO USE A RADIO Receiving e Switch on radio with volume
9. Do not drop the battery Only use the appropriate charger Place spare batteries in plastic bags to ensure that the terminals are insulated Radio User Manual Page 9 of 35 Rev 1 Mar 2010 KSAR Radio Use Standard Operating procedure Security Loose items will not work properly and can get lost therefore check The battery is correctly connected The aerial connection is secure The external loudspeaker microphone is secure and serviceable Carrying the Radio The method of carrying must be Efficient Comfortable and offer Protection A simple and effective means of carrying the radio is to tuck into the top of a rucksack with the aerial sticking vertically out of the top This fulfils the requirement of height and keeps the radio as far from the body as possible It is important that radio is fairly accessible in case of need to carry out adjustments The speaker mike lead should be slack under the arm allowing body twisting and stretching movement without the lead becoming taut and allowing enough surplus to permit the optimum mouth to mike distance When receiving the volume should be loud enough to easily cope with the prevailing noise and wind conditions Each person should find their own optimum mouth to mike distance and position It is recommended that the mike be turned side on to the mouth just to the side of the mouth so that the exhaled air does not create wind noise at a distance of 2 3 inches Adjust for
10. KSAR Radio Use Standard Operating procedure Example of a CLUEREP A report on clues or evidence found This report may be proceded by the Code Word Cod le Orange CLUE OR EVIDENCE FOUND Control this is XR1 CODE ORANGE wait out If there is heavy traffic is heavy it may be necessary to used to break in transmissions Stations that are not in the interchange must remain silent until the message has been passed CLUEREP Serial No Call XRi Date Time Sign A Clue Location Grid GRID TQ 12345 67890 B Description of Clue Dark Blue Tee Shirt Medium Size if more than one prefix with the with a White Umbro Logo on No ie 1 2 left hand breast no other visible marks C_ Any other relevant Info No other visible marks Send the above to Control and Await further Instructions D How clue is marked Red and White Mine tap E RV for KP N A include direction of approach F Evidence Bag ID No If more than one prefix with the A1234567 No ice 1 2 G Any other relevant Info Evidence Seized by KSAR No 114 Radio User Manual Page 30 of 35 Rev 1 Mar 2010 KSAR Radio Use Standard Operating procedure Example of a CONTREP A report used to give the description of a person CONTREP Serial No Call XR1 Date Time Sign Age A 7 60 Give 5 year brackets e g 30 35 Build e B Slim Slim Medium Heavy etc Blu
11. Radio User Standard Operating Procedures KSAR Radio Use Standard Operating procedure Introduction Radio communications in all its forms is vital to the efficiency and safety within SAR operations this is particularly true during SAR incidents and training in harsh weather conditions It is a truism that good knowledge and use of communications are fundemental to SAR and as a valuable skill as any other needed by team members Communications problems are often blamed on equipment or systems failure but more often than should be the case the problem lies with the operator Each team member must strive to become a proficient communicator who can get the best performance form the radio equipment and be able to manipulate and improvise where the situation demands so that the message really can get through when it matters Operating a two way radio is an art in which personality plays an important part Proper voice procedure training will provide radio operators with the basic knowledge of how to improve their skills in the use of two way radio communication Even the best radio system can suffer from interference because of this it is possible that others cannot hear anything that is said Therefore it is of utmost importance that proper voice procedure is used to save time Radio Users Course There are two Radio courses held within KSAR These courses will provide users with the correct procedures and protocols to carry ou
12. Say again Grid 12345 67890 over If there is still doubt then Control this is XR1 my current location is Grid 12345 67890 over XR1 this is Control verify Grid 13345 67890 over Control this is XR1 negative I Say again Grid 12345 67890 Read back Grid 12345 over XR1 this is Control I Read back Grid 12345 over Control this is XR1 correct out Using a Relay If communications between two stations is difficult or unworkable it may be possible to use another station to act as a relay Use Relay to Through me From and Out to you An example of this is XR1 this is Control report your position over Wait 5 Seconds Radio User Manual Page 23 of 35 Rev 1 Mar 2010 KSAR Radio Use Standard Operating procedure XR1 this is Control report your position over Wait 5 Seconds then request a relay through a call sign that is known to be in contact with XR1 XR2 this is Control Relay to XR1 report your position over Control this is XR2 roger out to you XR1 this is XR2 from Control report your position over XR2 this is XR1 my location is Grid 12345 67890 over XR1 this is XR2 your location is Grid 12345 67890 out to you Control this is XR2 from XR1 location is Grid 12345 67890 over XR2 this is Control Roger out When communications are good these acknowledgements could be left out If it is a message n
13. UK SAR None 25kHz Simplex Land SAR Working Channel 3 63a 156 1750 Same UK SAR None 25kHz _Simplex_ Land SAR Working Channel 4 63b 160 7750 Same UK SAR None 25kHz Simplex Land SAR Working Channel 5 64a 156 2250 Same UK SAR None 25kHz Simplex _ Land SAR Working Channel 6 64b 160 8250 Same UK SAR _ None 25kHz _Simplex_ Land SAR Working Channel 7 85a 157 2750 Same UK SAR None 25kHz Simplex_ Land SAR Working Channel 8 85b 161 8750 Same UK SAR None 25kHz Simplex _ Land SAR Working Channel 9 24 gt 161 8000 Same UK SAR None 25kHz Simplex Land SAR Working Channel 40 94 447 4750 155 3500 UK SAR 118 8Hz 12 5kHz Mobiles Hand Helds See Note 2 40 94 155 3500 147 4750 UK SAR 118 8Hz 12 5kHz Repeater Unit Only See Note 2 11 53a 158 6500 Same UK SAR None 25kHz pi See Note 3 0 156 0000 Same UK SAR None 25kHz See Note 4 73 156 6750 Same UK SAR None 25kHz See Note 5 164 0500 Same PBR 103 5Hz 12 5kHz Simplex Preferred choice for Training See Note 6 15 164 0625 Same PBR 131 8Hz 12 5kHz Simplex Preferred choice for Training See Note 6 169 0875 Same 12 5kHz Simplex_ Preferred choice for Training See Note 6 C JCompusay Strongly Recommended For Repeater Use Only is mandatory that this channel be constantly monitored by all and SAR parties mooiles base stations and airborne units engaged on land SAR
14. control e Check radio is on correct channel e Listen for a transmission and adjust the volume to a comfortable listening level Transmitting e Wait for the channel fo become clear to avoid interference While pushing and holding PTT speak into the microphone 10 to 15cm from your mouth clearly and at a normal voice level Release PTT fo return to receive Important Make sure that your battery is charged Volume Control Antenna Connector Channel Selector TX RX Indicator LED Dealer Prograrnmable Keys Speaker PTT Switch SP MIC Jack Microphone Radio shown is Icom IC FIV2V S VHF UHF Handportable Radio User Manual Page 8 of 35 Rev 1 Mar 2010 KSAR Radio Use Standard Operating procedure Explanation Antenna helical used to transmit and receive signals On off volume self explanatory Channel selector self explanatory KSAR channel 6 PTT switch push to talk Push when transmitting Release to receive Microphone speaker for transmitting and receiving do not speak too close and try to shield from high wind Battery pack rechargeable using a desk charger Hand Set Basics Battery Preservation In order to prolong the battery life Turn down the volume to a comfortable level Adopt a set routine to ensure batteries are fully charged Check the terminals on the Battery and the Handset are clean before reconnecting Do not short circuit the battery terminals
15. de Words Speak Slowly and Clearly Use easily understood words Avoid ambigiuity Radio User Manual Page 3 of 35 Rev 1 Mar 2010 KSAR Radio Use Standard Operating procedure REGULATIONS Frequency bands Band widths Long Wave Medium Wave Short Wave Very High Ultra High High Frequency Frequency Frequency 200KHz 1000KHz 2 30MHz 30 300MHz 300MHz 3GHz Vhf band Very High Frequency 87 5 MHz 108 MHz Broadcast band classic fm 144mhz 146mhz Amateur radio 156mhz 156 725mhz Maritime mobile 156 175 MHz 162 800 MHz Alsar working channels 173 MHz 174 MHz Private business radio KSAR FREQUENCY 160 825MHz GENERAL POINTS Most vhf bands are channelised Frequency allocation is given in the licence Frequencies can be shared depending on the area Most VHF bands use frequency modulation FM Air band uses amplitude modulation AM Band plans are used to make the best use of band space and to avoid interference Radio User Manual Page 4 of 35 Rev 1 Mar 2010 v peg 3 g o cs e a jets E B Q Q O me ge c pi n o a D 2 ao a lt q v ie ALSAR channel programming BWidth 1 156 1250 Same UK SAR 25kHz Simplex Emergency Calling Channel See Note 1 2 62b 160 7250 Same
16. e Rain Jacket Red Cc Clothing Sweatshirt Blue Jeans White Trainers D Distinguishing Features Nil Elevation E Height Give in ft and inches 6 e g 6 4 Face F Round Round Long Chubby etc Gate G Posture Hurried Calm Nervous Shuffling etc Hair i H White Medium Length Straight Including facial hair Car Reg W345 NOT l Information Any Other Red Renault Clio Radio User Manual Page 31 of 35 Rev 1 Mar 2010 KSAR Radio Use Standard Operating procedure Example of a LOCSTAT A report that is used to give details of the team s current location LOCSTAT Serial No a XR1 Date Time A Grid TQ 12345 67890 B Description Track C Direction of Travel East D Any Other Info Nil Example of a PODREP A report that is used to give control details to calculate the POD of a search area CLUEREP Serial No Sai XR1 Date Time A Search Route Area Area 1 B No of Searchers 4 C_ Track Line Length in Metres 6000 D Sweep Width in Metres 10 E Significant difficulties during Fast flowing stream running Search of Route Area East to West through the area F Local Hazards e etea Rallwayon Radio User Manual Page 32 of 35 Rev 1 Mar 2010 KSAR Radio Use Standard Operating procedure Example of a SITREP A report that is used to give the teams current situation details It should tel I the story of events and
17. following scale should be used Readability 1 Unreadable 2 Barely readable some words now amp then 3 Readable with considerable difficulty 4 Readable with practically no difficulty 5 Perfectly readable Loud amp Clear Signal strength Faint signals Very weak signals Weak signals Fair signals Fairly good signals Good signals Moderately strong signals Strong signals Extremely strong signals CODNDUEWNE An example of a radio check Control this is XR1 radio check over XR1 this is control 5 6 over This is XR1 4 5 out Should it be anything inferior to 3 4 then it is up to the operator to carry out a comprehensive serviceability check and the carry out a further radio check Radio User Manual Page 21 of 35 Rev 1 Mar 2010 KSAR Radio Use Standard Operating procedure Station temporarily unable to deal with a message If an operator is unable to deal with a message immediately then Wait may be used An example of this XR1 this is Control message over Control this is XR1 wait out The sender must wait a short time seconds until the operator is ready If the delay is very brief less than up to 5 Seconds then you can just say wait and then continue Control this is XR1 wait XR1 send over If the delay is to be longer than about 30 Seconds then the wait should be appended with the number of minute s e g Control this is XR1 wait 5 o
18. itial three Channels Caltsign Extended Channels Channel Radios Ready ALSAR Channel Frequency ssn ves Buess Search anc Rescus BSAR Yes Yas Chest ire Search and Rescue Cheshire SAR cesar yes Yes Yes Dorsat Search and Rescus DerSAR DORSET Yes Yes Yes L Essex Search and Rescue ESSEX SAR ESSEX Yes ves Yes 5 456 2250 Hampshire Search and Rescue HANTSAR HANTSAR Yes Yes Yes 84a Yes 5 156 2250 Kent Searc and Rescue KSAR EKSAR Yes 64a 6 160 6260 Mercia Search and Rescue MERCIA SAR Mioshires Search and Rescue Organisation MSAR MSAR Yes 160 7250 Norfolx Lowland Search and Rescue NORLSAR NORFOLK 156 1750 SEBEV Search and Rescue SEBEV SAR SEBEV Yes 160 7750 Stafis Search and Rescue ssaer No Suto k Lovilarc Search ard Rescue SULSAR surro Yas Yes 1090 Sussex Search and Rescue SUSSAR _ sussar Yes 160 7250 Wiltshire Search and Rescue WILSAR Tempar al WILSAR The ALSAR Channel number should be the same as the channel number on your radio 161 8000 Rev 1 Mar 2010 Page 6 of 35 Radio User Manual KSAR Radio Use Standard Operating procedure Regulations Licence conditions All Radio licences are issued by the Radio Communications Agency A license has been granted to ALS
19. its main goal is to give control a comprehensive picture of how the situation is progressing and your intended outcome SITREP Serial No Call XR1 Date Time Sign Search Area Grid Ref A Area 1 TQ 12345 67890 where Description of situation Casualty has been stabilised B i and ready to be evacuated to whet the RV with KA What actions have been taken Casualty s leg has been splinted c k ae and the casualty has been what you are doing packaged onto stretcher What actions need to be taken Combined stretcher teamiof D XR1 and XR2 to carry out what you need to do extraction E What resources or help required N A what you need F Any other relevant info ETA RV minutes 15 Radio User Manual Page 33 of 35 Rev 1 Mar 2010 KSAR Radio Use Standard Operating procedure Example of a TASKREP A report that is used to give the team s current progress ona task TASKREP Serial No call XR1 Date Time Sign A Search Area Route Name Area 1 B Task Complete 60 Estimated Time to Completion of E ee 45 Task in minutes Progress slow due to thick D Any other relevant info undergrowth Team beginning to tire Radio User Manual Page 34 of 35 Rev 1 Mar 2010 KSAR Radio Use Standard Operating procedure Common Radio Equipment Faults EQUIPMENT FAILURE Problem Remedial Action Unable to hear any transmissions Radio
20. known to be satisfactory there is no need to carry out the initial transmission as described above Use the call sign and then pass your message The ends of message words are Over used when a response is expected or Out used when a response is neither expected nor required They should never be used together to conclude a message as they contradict each other If following the repetition of an initial transmission to establish contact no reply is received finish by using XR1 this is control nothing heard out In this case this would probably be followed by Hello All Stations this is Control is anyone in contact with XR1 over Radio User Manual Page 20 of 35 Rev 1 Mar 2010 KSAR Radio Use Standard Operating procedure Radio Checks Test transmissions should be carried out before leaving or a short distance from Control This checks the serviceability of the set and confirms to control which call signs have deployed The International Telecommunication Union ITU dictates the standard of reporting signal readability strength and tone This system for HF operation has three scales 1 5 for readability and 1 9 for strength and tone The tone report does not apply in the case of voice transmissions this is used only in Morse Whenever an initial radio check call is made the receiving station needs to inform the other station making the request how the receiving signal is being heard To do this the
21. ms on the ground Comprehensive written logs must be recorded during the search and maintained for 6 years after the incident It is essential that there is one radio per channel use the minimum transmit power consistent with adequate communication The radio should be connected to an elevated aerial with appropriate vertical separation to minimise interference Simplex Half Duplex and Duplex Channels Simplex channels These are single channels rather like a single track road they can only handle traffic in one direction Half Duplex Channels These are two channels which like dual carriageway roads send on one channel and receive on another However the radios and the users can only handle one transmission at a time and effectively this reduces it to the same throughput as a simplex Duplex or Full Duplex Provides true simultaneous two way communications Although repeaters are capable of this the terminals and their users are not Telephones and Mobile Telephones provide a full duplex link Radio User Manual Page 13 of 35 Rev 1 Mar 2010 KSAR Radio Use Standard Operating procedure Radio Procedures Transmitting Techniques The necessity for clear speech on two way radio cannot be over emphasised Therefore the RSVPC mnemonic provides a simple guide for communications and should be used to enhance better voice procedure and technique RHYTHM SPEED VOLUME PITCH CONTENT avec nn Rhythm Maintain the natural rhy
22. n contact with call sign and can relay for you WITH I READ BACK Repeating all or the specified part of this message exactly as received so that you can check have received it correctly I SAY AGAIN repeat all or specified part of a message to clarify or emphasise I SPELL will spell the next word or group of words phonetically See Phonetic Alphabet LONG MESSAGE What follows is a long message are you ready to write it down Radio User Manual Page 16 of 35 Rev 1 Mar 2010 KSAR Radio Use Standard Operating procedure OVER MESSAGE You may have to write down details from this transmission This should not normally be needed when speaking to control MESSAGE I have passed your message used when relaying an informational PASSED message MINIMISE Reduce transmission to essential messages only NEGATIVE This means NO and is normally used when a question is asked and the reply is NO or Incorrect or permission not granted or unable to comply NO DUFF Used during training to indicate what follows is not part of the training and not exercise play but is a real situation NOTHING To be used when no reply has been heard from a called station used HEARD after two failed attempts to make contact OUT have completed my transmission and no reply is required OUT TO YOU have completed my transmission with you but about to transmit
23. nd will comply with it usually followed with Out WORD AFTER Used with Say again to define the word to be repeated WORD BEFORE Used with Say again to define the word to be repeated BASIC RADIO TELEPHONY R T PROCEDURE The following has been formulated from best practise and is intended to promote standardised R T within KSAR Call Signs Team Call Signs We use standard call signs for each search team Control Vehicle Control Foot Search Teams XR1 Search Team 1 XR2 Search Team 2 etc Mobile Search Teams Mobile 1 Mobile Search Team 1 Mobile 2 Mobile Search Team 2 etc Mountain Bike Teams MB1 Mountain Bike Search Team 1 MB2 Mountain Bike Search Team 2 etc Water Search Teams WS1 Water Search Team 1 WS2 Water Search Team 2 etc Radio User Manual Page 18 of 35 Rev 1 Mar 2010 KSAR Radio Use Standard Operating procedure Team Position Call Signs It may be necessary from time to time to refer to a team member by their role these can also be used if the team has to split XR1A Team Leader of Search Team 1 XR1B Radio Operator of Search Team 1 XR1C Team Medic of Search Team 1 XR1 D E Additional Team members of Search Team 1 Identification of Specific Stations General call sign for all teams is All Stations Call signs should respond in order Hello All stations this is Control over XR1 OK over
24. optimum from that starting position Finding and using this position is well worth doing as it can make all the difference between good and unreadable communications In windy conditions shield the mike with the hand or jacket hood Radio User Manual Page 10 of 35 Rev 1 Mar 2010 TENT KSAR Radio Use Standard Operating procedure rs Introduction to Radio Equipment Antennas Hand Held These are fitted with helical antennas so as to produce the correct length required for the frequency but keeping the overhaul length short They are covered in a plastic sleeve and fitted with a screw in plug Advantages Compact and not easily broken Disadvantage Not good in low signal areas Car Mounts These are fitted to mobile vehicles and may be either a permanent mount or temporary mount which is fitted with a magnetic base plate Advantages Better signal as it uses the car body for the earth plane Fitted with a longer element either 1 4 3 8 or 5 8 wave with or without a loading coil Disadvantage Requires a separate Co axial Feed Control Mast By mounting the antenna Similar to the car mount on a mast the extra height will achieve a better signal Doubling the height quadruples the signal strength Centerfire Antenna Radio User Manual Page 11 of 35 Rev 1 Mar 2010 KSAR Radio Use Standard Operating procedure Aerial Theory It is important for Radio users to understand a little about how the Aerial
25. ot requiring an answer then the relay should contact the originator and state Message passed Offering to Relay A call sign may offer to pass a message by using In contact with An example of this is XR1 this is Control report your position over Wait 5 Seconds XR1 this is Control report your position over Wait 5 Seconds then request a relay through a call sign that is known to be in contact with XR1 Control this is XR2 I am In contact with XR1 relay through me over XR2 this is Control relay to XR1 send position over Etc Radio User Manual Page 24 of 35 Rev 1 Mar 2010 KSAR Radio Use Standard Operating procedure Priority and radio Silence From time to time messages have to be passed that are off a higher priority than routine calls In these cases the following pro words should be used to break in transmissions Stations that are not in the interchange must remain silent until the message has been passed The pro words Priority Priority Priority or Emergency Emergency Emergency for life threatening situations By implication unnecessary transmissions must cease An example of this Priority Priority Priority Control this is XR1 Code Red over Radio Silence can exceptionally be imposed by any station with an emergency although it would normally be Control An example of this All stations except XR1 this is control Silence Silence Silence out
26. pro word I Spell A ALPha B BRAvo C CHARIie k kilo e uma D DELta U UNfom V Vior ZUlu When pronouncing these words the syllables should be emphasised as shown above Radio User Manual Page 26 of 35 Rev 1 Mar 2010 KSAR Radio Use Standard Operating procedure Numbers All numbers must be transmitted by pronouncing each digit separately as shown in the table below Grid references are given as individual digits and preceded by either Figures or Grid 0 Zero 1 Wun 2 5 Fife 6 Six 7 Seven 8 Ate 9 niner Too 3 Tree 4 Fo wer Note surprisingly two and three are often confused with each other Emphasise them and be particularly careful with their pronunciation The following are specific forms for certain types of numbers Round hundreds and thousands use hun dred and thousand respectively A number such as 5 7 say Five dayseemal seven Times should be given in the twenty four hour clock form Time zero seven hun dred 0700 hrs or Time wun niner tree zero 1930 hrs Code words KSAR uses standard Codeword to inform other stations of sensitive information CODE ORANGE Clue or Evidence found CODE RED Person Body found CODE RED PLUS Missing Person found CODE PURPLE Suspected Dead CODE PURPLE PLUS Confirmed Dead KILO ALPHA Ambulance Service KILO DELTA Doctor KILO FOXTROT Fire and Rescue Ser
27. straightaway to another call sign OVER have completed my transmission and you can now reply PASS YOUR Pass your message note replaces send and go ahead MESSAGE PRIORITY I need to interrupt as have a message of importance by implication PRIORITY unnecessary transmissions must cease PRIORITY READ BACK Repeat all or the specified part of this message back to me exactly as received so that can check you have received it correctly RELAY Relay your message through me this is an offer to relay a message THROUGH ME RELAY TO Relay this message to all addressees ROGER Your message is received and understood This pro word can be used with either OVER or OUT e g Roger Over or Roger Out Depending on which is applicable SAY AGAIN Meaning repeat your last transmission STAND BY Wait for a short period and will get back to you THIS IS The call sign of the transmitting station follows TIME A time follows UNKNOWN A simple request to a query UNKNOWN The identity of the station that has contacted me is unknown CALLSIGN VERIFY Check back with the originator of the message to confirm the whole or specific parts of the message WAIT Wait a moment while deal with something else or find the answer to your request an amounts of minutes can be added e g Wait 2 Radio User Manual Page 17 of 35 Rev 1 Mar 2010 KSAR Radio Use Standard Operating procedure WILCO I understand your message a
28. t Radio Communication Effectively and efficiently during KSAR operations Radio User For all personnel operating radios within search teams Advanced Radio User For all personnel operating radios within the Control Vehicle Radio User This course is designed to prepare Search Team radio users for communication to and from control on the network it will include the following Radio protocol License Conditions Radio License Regulations Call signs Radio Checks Radio Messages Code Words Radio Reports Operation of Radios Operation of GPS Radio User Manual Page 2 of 35 Rev 1 Mar 2010 KSAR Radio Use Standard Operating procedure Advanced Radio User This course is designed to prepare SearchManagers and Controllers for communication to and from control on the KSAR network it will include the following Radio protocol License Conditions Radio License Regulations Call signs Radio Checks Radio Messages Code Words Radio Reports Operation of Radios Operation of Control Vehicle equipment Antennia and propogation Re Broadcasting Lost comms Procedure Joining other Networks Protocol All users are to follow the following protocols when communicating on the KSAR Network Radio Messages and traffic should be kept short Do not interupt other users except for priority messages Always yield to more important messages Use the appropriate Co
29. thm used in conversation to help make the message intelligible Avoid saying er or um Speed Speak steadily and at medium speed so as to avoid an unintelligible jumble of words from speaking too quickly or losing rhythm when too slow When it is known that the recipient will write down an element of the message leave much larger spaces between short phases To get an idea how long is required try writing down your own message Experienced operators will often transmit phases twice when the receiving operator is writing Volume Speak at an ordinary conversational level to avoid distortion with the mike to mouth distance kept constant Without sacrificing rhythm every word should be clearly spoken and the voice must not fade away on the last part of the phase Pitch Use a pitch that is a little higher than usual to aid reception especially in poor conditions Maintain an even pitch being especially conscious of the last syllable of words where the natural tendency is to lower the pitch Content Think about what is going to be said and how it can be said before pressing the transmit button A good maxim is Select brain before engaging mouth The radio is for communicating but particularly during busy incidents consider whether the message is really necessary un important messages can wait until later Never the less during exercises and at other times Radio Voice procedure practise is essential and operators should be at
30. ut Operators should avoid the overuse of this pro word Repetition Use the Pro word Say Again to request repetition of all or part of the transmission This may be made more specific by using the following pro words All After All before All between Word After Word Before Examples of this are XR1 this is Control change of plan go to area 1 via the green route and rendezvous with XR2 over Control this is XR1 Say again over or Control this is XR1 Say again All after green route over or Control this is XR1 Say again All before green route over or Control this is XR1 Say again All between plan and XR2 over or Control this is XR1 Say again Word after via the over or Control this is XR1 Say again Word before route over Radio User Manual Page 22 of 35 Rev 1 Mar 2010 KSAR Radio Use Standard Operating procedure Verification Use the Pro word Verify to request verification and Read Back to make sure that the message has been received correctly An example of this is Control this is XR1 my current location is Grid 12345 67890 over XR1 this is Control verify Grid 12345 67890 over Control this is XR1 correct over If the Grid had been wrong Control this is XR1 my current location is Grid 12345 67890 over XR1 this is Control verify Grid 13345 67890 over Control this is XR1 negative I
31. vice KILO PAPA Police Radio User Manual Page 27 of 35 Rev 1 Mar 2010 KSAR Radio Use Standard Operating procedure Transmission of Reports KSAR uses standard report formats in order to ensure That the necessary information is sent The format is the same for the operator and receiver The standard report forms can be used in Control to record the information The following Reports are currently used CASREP A report on causalities CLUEREP A report on clues or evidence found CONTREP A report used to give the description of a person LOCSAT A report that is used to give details of the teams current location PODREP A report that is used to give control details to calculate the POD SITREP A report that is used to give the teams current situation details TASKREP A report to give the details of a teams progress of a task Offering a Report A report should be offered if the recipient is expected to write it down Normally report are offered by teams or requested by control KSAR uses standard report formats in order to ensure That the necessary information is sent The format prompts for the required information It prevents the need to write down information before sending The receiver knows the format of the information being sent It provides a form for control to record the data An example of this Control this is XR1 CASREP over XR1 this is Control send CASREP over XR1
32. works in order that you can avoid losses in signal strength VHF Signal radiates from a vertical aerial in all directions The nearer the ground the antenna the more signal is lost to the sky Under normal atmospheric conditions VHF signal are propagated in line of sight Under certain atmospheric conditions Temperature Inversions High Pressure etc the signal can bounce off of the troposphere causing co channel interference VHF Signals can be shielded by people trees vehicles buildings and hills Aerial Polarisation It is advantageous for All aerials to be vertical Reflected signals can sometimes change polarisation It may be worthwhile to bend forward or back to change the Aerial direction if the signal is weak holding where the signal is the strongest Aerial Height a Within reason the higher the aerial above the surrounding ground the greater the range As well as being vertical the aerial should be as high as possible To minimise signal absorption keep the aerial as far from the body as possible Stand on rocks mounds or any other structure to gain height Radio User Manual Page 12 of 35 Rev 1 Mar 2010 KSAR Radio Use Standard Operating procedure Using Radios in the Control Vehicle All advanced Radio users should be trained for this demanding task It is important that operators have had experience in the field and are familiar with the expectation of Search management as well as those tea
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