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Microcontroller Based Self-Maintained Aquarium Using PIC16F877

1. 3 RB7 PGD mo MODE 5 4 a 0 4 P RASZAN4 RCO TICKI H o ADJHR Hou FEEDER d 9 8 RC1 T10SI CCP2 15 0 0 4 LOWER FLOAT S REQ ANS RCa CCP LO ADJ 42 1 BE ANG ACYSCK SCL 14 4 UPPER FLOAT RE2 ANZRC4 SDI SDA HS T0 ADJ DAY 220 220 RCS 8DO 55 ACG TX CK RC2 RX DT g 9 13 RD1 PSP1 57 1 4001 RD2 PEP2 55 FD3 PSP3 FD4 PGP4 22 22222 07 RDS PSPS 56 1001 RDG PSPS 55 RD7 PSP7 n n it 5 10 CHLORINE VALVE one Hey 4 Hay 4 Ha 4 Hav ANN ANN 228 220 228 228 3 E 22 154001 144981 1 4001 1 4 1 1 4001 AAA EM tle 1k tle tle 4 k ML MB N M 12k T 10 1 lt 1 1 1 MOTOR DC MOTOR DC MOTOR DC MOTOR DC The circuit is designed in ISIS software Figure 3 Circuit Diagram 32 Hardware Implementation Building the circuit with a software The circuit was designed and tested on ISIS software was designed for building and testing schematics The circuit could also be used to simulate and to test the code of tune and check if it works And considered the datasheet and pin configuration of the different IC and components Refer to Appendix B for the reversible motor driver Appendix D for voltage regulator Appendix E f
2. in Ta ol TC owe 25 C 83506 pulse with a duty citi of 1 Recommended operating conditions 25 Paramalgr Symbol Mn Typ Max Conditions Currant dissipation 1 12 25 Both input pins LOW Current dissipation 2 18 35 One input pin HIGH tha crier LOW Current dissipatian 3 25 Bath input pins HIGH n Low aval is 1 V or loss Input threshold voltage Vm 10 20 30 CREE sorde rns Output high laval voltage Vu T v 8 00 A kw kwal vollage 12 ibzlectrical characterstiz curves Ma Iv SUPPLY r SUPPLY CURRENT be ZHFTPUT WDLTAGE BOWER SUPPLY VOLTAGE vec POWER SUPPLY VOLTAGE 1 OUTPUT CUFRENT do CA Fig 1 Current dissipation 1 va Fig 2 Current dissipation 2 3 ve Fig 3 Qutpul voltage vs output curren power supaly voltage power supply wokage 58 examples 1 BAB2188 2 BAB218BFP Y Fig 11 0 Zener diode to se output wotage Use any zener diode that is suitable for your application Fig 12 He Resistor used for reducng collector oss and imi ing the short circuit current resistance range of 3 100 recommended C Power supply capacitor Place as near as possible to the Woes pin CD Capectorte prevent both output transistors being turned on at the same tirme Capactor te absorb surge and prevent
3. HEZ 22222 enezea 07 RDS PSe5 Se 100 22 RD7 PSP7 37 7 10k 10k CHLORINE VALVE ae Hay Hay4 ANV ANN AN 220 220 220 220 220 5 134001 134001 1N4001 1 4001 184001 2 222 1k 1k ik 1k M 10k 10k 10k 10k MOTOR DC MOTOR DC MOTOR DC MOTOR DC 67 APPENDIX SOURCE CODE Name AQUARIUM BAS Author SHREK Notice Copyright 2008 select VIEW EDI KE OPTIONS All Rights Reserved Date 6 30 2008 Version 1 0 Notes TKK KK KKK KKK KEK KK KKK KKK KKK KK KK KKK KKK KK KK KKK KKK KKK KK KK KKK KKK KKK KKK KK Device 16F877 Declare XTAL 4 Declare LCD_TYPE 0 Declare LCD_DTPIN 0 Declare LCD_ENPIN PORTB 5 Declare LCD_RSPIN PORTB 4 Declare LCD_INTERFACE 4 Declare LCD_LINES 4 Symbol Buttoni 0 Symbol Button2 PORTC 1 Symbol Button3 PORTC 2 Symbol Button4 PORTC 3 TRISA 000001 TRISB 10000000 TRISC 00001111 TRISD 00000000 TRISE 011 ADCON1 4 Dim on_screen As Bit Dim hour As Byte Dim minute As Byte Dim second As Byte Dim settings As Byte Dim up minute As Byte Dim up hour As Byte 68 Dim x As Byte Dim onetime As Byte Dim DAY CTR As Byte Dim 2
4. rep As Byte Dim HF1 As Bit Dim HF2 As Bit Dim pH METER As Float Dim Lamp As Bit Dim FOOD As Byte Dim FISH As Byte Dim TIME FISH As Byte Dim VALVE As Byte Dim PUMP As Byte Dim pH METER FLG As Byte Dim FEEDER FLG As Byte Dim BYPASS As Byte Dim As Byte Dim TEST As Byte Dim PUMP CHK As Byte Dim VALVE As Byte Dim Vive As Bit Dim fitr As Bit Dim As Bit Symbol FSW1 0 Symbol FSW2 PORTE 1 Symbol Feeder 0 Symbol feeder Off PORTD 1 Symbol FILTER 2 Symbol PUMP PORTD 3 Symbol LIGHT PORTD 4 Symbol VALVE PORTD 5 Symbol CHLORINE PORTD 6 settings 1 on_screen 1 X onetine 1 2 pH METER FLG 1 FEEDER FLG 1 pHM CIR 0 PUMP 20 VALVE CHK 0 FISH 0 Lamp 0 0 fltr 0 0 DelayMS 150 hour 0 minute 0 0 DelayMS 100 FISH ERead 0 1 FOOD FISH Initialization f CUSTOM CHAR LCD Print FE 40 08 04 16 1D 16 04 08 00 Print FE 48 0E 1F 1F 1F 0E 0A 0E 00 Print FE 50 0E 11 11 11 0E 0A 0E 00 Print FE 58 02 04 0D 17 0D 04 02 00 Print FE 60 0E 04 0F 18 00 08 14 00 70 Print FE 68 15 0E 1B 0A 0E 15 00 00 5 Print At 1 1 MAPUA Print At 2 1 School of Print At 3 1 SELF MAINTAIN Print At 4 1 AQUARIUM Del
5. 5 x 10 operations min Weight Std 15 gam approx 66 SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM Ha 4 HD4478QU alona LCD1 LDRe Rige LDR 4 7k 5 A mud Tou HOW S NOS0UN 2 t 355 0 e lt mE LED YELLOW 12k 21 16 877 name 4MHz m m Te OSC1 CLKIN RBA INT 33 25 0sC2 CLKOUT 2 MCLR Vee THv RB m35 2 PADANG 27 2 Rat eNt 885 38 RBe PGC 25 BA3 RN3 RB7 PGD I0 MODE 8 RA4 TOCKI 2 Reo TICKI HE 0 ADIHR FEEDER S RC1 T1051 CCP2 H 0 4 LOWER FLOAT SWA s RER aNS me 0 ADJMN 1 RCYsCK SCL 23 0 0 4 ANN 4 4 AM UPPER FLOAT AE2 AN7 RC4 SDI SDA 0 ADJ DAY 5 500 24 228 228 25 are RC2 RX DT 2 RDQ PSPQ 13 1 5 1 22 14221 5 51 RD3 PSP3
6. C i A4MIL 4 MCLFi PP e RAIAN e REGUM ee e RAGUSII VREFE ee Kay Faatures Plemicro Mid Range Rafarence PIC ISFE S PICTGFETS Manual E ua C 20MHz DC 20MHz RESETS and Delays 209 808 PORBOR PWRT OST PWRT OST PWRT OST 087 14 bit words 9 We w m MEE ae ae PWM Modules ee SEM A P o 56 BA6219B DATASHEET Reversible motor driver BA6219B BA6219BFP Y The BAB219B and 219 are reversible motor drivers sutable for brush motors Two logic inputs allow four out put modes forward reverse idling and braking The motor revolving speed can be set arbitrarily by controlling the wolt age applied to the motor Aoplications VCRs and cassette tape recorders Features 1 Large output current 1522 2A 3 Built in output voltage setting pins 2 Built in thermal shutdown circuit 4 Small standby supply current diagram Figures in pavertheses are tor BAGZI 57 maximum ratings Ta 25 Felisi by 22 mW for each in 257 22 Wrin mounted 30 X 5D X 15 mm glass opary booed Ex 14 5 mW for each
7. 3rd Overtone Operating Temperature Storage Temperature 40 C to 85 C Frequency Tolerance 30 ppm max see options Frequency Stability over the Operating Temp Ref to 25 C 50 ppm max see options Equivalent Series Resistance R1 See Table 1 Shunt Capactance Cs pF max Load Capacitance C 18pF see options Drive Level Aging at 25 C Per Year aton Resistance MO mn a OPTIONS AND PART IDENTIFICATION Left blenk if standerd AB308 Frequency ROW 0 0 0 0 EET 5 lt 772 8 Ee 10200 32100 50 30 000 35 299 07 100 _35 00 90 00107 80 2 2010 OUTLINE DRAWING 820938627062 20 88 800059750 043 0 08 110 25 20045620 6 0300 Otmensions Inches nmi Freq Tolerance 5 Spm ABRACON 15 Viel were abrasce cov ter amp of Sale Revised 02 15 00 150 0001705 2000 20532 Esperanza Rancho Santa Margarita California 92658 CERTPED CORPORATION tel 949 546 8000 fax 949 546 8001 wwxabracon 65 APPENDIX SPDT RELAY SWITCH DATASHEET Epoxy Sealed for Wave Soldering amp Cleaning Upright V Suffix or Flat Pack FP Suffix Types High Dielectric 4000 VRMS between Control anc Switching Circus i Cut Oit Nib ater PCB Washing 94 V 0 Enclosure Pali mma n SPOT 1 Form C Upright Flat
8. Table 2 Accuracy Test Results of Filtration System Table 3 summarizes the results of the reliability testing of the filtration system If water was filtrated from the time it started filtering the water to the time duration configured the microcontroller success was indicated Otherwise failure was indicated in the test 39 Pure Test Result 1 00 3 00 2 hours Successful 7 00 9 00 2 hours Successful 13 00 15 00 2 5 Successful 19 00 21 00 2 hours Successful 1 00 3 00 2 hours Successful 7 00 9 00 2 hours Successful 13 00 15 00 2 5 Successful 19 00 21 00 2 hours Successful 1 00 3 00 2 hours Successful 7 00 9 00 2 hours Successful 13 00 15 00 2 5 Successful 19 00 21 00 2 hours Successful Table 3 Reliability Test Results of Filtration System In testing the accuracy of the automatic feeder system the feeding time was set after the 274 and 4 full filtration which was 9 00 and 21 00 everyday The feeder would release 6 to 7 pellets per fish and each dispense will depend on the number of fish inputted on the system It used pellets which weigh 170mg each With an average of 6 to 7 pellet drops per feeder action daily feeding requirement for the goldfish was adequate as stated in an article Feeding according to the Weight of the Fish by Matsushima from page 12 The 40 feeder b
9. Timer OST Watchdog Timer WDT with Its own on chip RC oscillator for reliable operation Programmabie code protection Power saving SLEEP mode Selectable oscillator options Low power high speed CMOS FLASH EEPROM technology Fully static design Serial Programming two pins Single SV Serial Programming capabilty in Circuit Debugging via two pins Processor read write access to program memory Wide operating voltage range 2 0 to 5 5 High Sink Source Current 25 mA Commercial Industrial and Extended temperature ranges Low power consumption 0 6 mA typical 3V 4 MHz 20 pA typical 3V 32 Hz 1 pA typical standby current Pin Diagram n 2 a 2 rowsowsc 20 21 Peripheral Features Timer 3 0 Simer counter with 8 bIt prescaler 16 bit timer counter with prescaler can be incremented during SLEEP external crystaliciock 2 3 Dit timer counter wih 3 0 period register prescaler and postscaler Two Capture Compare PWM modules Capture Is 16 bit max resolution Is 12 5 ns Compare is 16 bit max resolution Is 200 ns PWM max resolution 15 10 bit 10 bit Anaiog to Digital converter Synchronous Serial Port 552 with SP Master mode and 1227 Master Stave Universal Synchronous Asynchronous Re
10. and Parallel Port PIC Programmer Such software were used for different types of jobs ISIS was used for schematic designing and circuit testing It was also used to simulate the code made in PBP Tt eased the job of burning the code on the microcontroller and testing it in that way PCB Designer was also used to create the PCB connections of the circuit After designing the PCB connections the design was etched in the PCB Proton PIC Basic or PPB was the compiler used in the design The BASIC language compiled the code into a HEX file The HEX file was then ready to burn program into the microcontroller It was done by 34 using of Parallel Port PIC Programmer Refer to Appendix for the program and Figure 4 for the system flowchart System Flowchart Input Time Input Fish Count Yes Is it time to Filter Activate Filter Deactivate Filter Yes Is it time to Feed Activate Feeder Deactivate Feeder Yes Activate Valve Is Float Switch 2 Deactivate Valve Out pH Meter exceeds Out Activated Activate Valve In normal value No Deactivate Valve Ye Drop dechlorination Is Float Switch 2 Liquid in Activated Is Day Counter equal to 14 Yes Deactivate Valve Out Activate Valve 4 gt In Activate Valve Out Drop dechlori
11. and e Gizmo and Alexan for the circuit components Refer to Table 1 for list of materials 27 Components Main Circuit Miscellaneous Component Name Aquarium 10 gal Filter Pump Float Switch Solenoid Valve Holder Flourescent Light w Aluminum Casing pH meter Syringe PIC16F877 BA6219B DC Motor LCD 4x20 Button Relay Solid State Relay Crystal 4MHz 7805 10K 1 4W Resistor 1K Resistor 220 Resistor 100K Resistor 4 7K Resistor 150 Resistor 22pF Capacitor 0 01 Capacitor 3mm LDR DC Socket PCB 4x2 IC Holder 40 pins AC Cord Diodes Transformer AC Outlet Male Female Header Shrinkable Tube 2mm Ferric Chloride Filter Foam Terminal Block Table 1 List of Materials Quantity 1 pc 1 pc 1 pc 2 pcs 1 pc 2 pcs 1 pc 1 pc 1 pc 1 pc 4 pcs 2 pcs 1 pc 4 pcs 2 pcs 4 pcs 1 pc 1 pc 12 pcs 8 pcs 7 pcs 2 pcs 1 pc 1 pc 2 pcs 1 pc 1 pc 1 pc 1 pc 1 pc 15 pcs 2 pcs 4 pcs 19 pcs 1 meter 2 bottle 1 pc 5 pcs 28 Hardware Component Microcontroller PIC16F877 The PIC16F877 microcontroller was used for the main functions of the aquarium It controlled the activation of every function according to the program that was coded and embedded The output ports of the microcontroller were connected to the functional components of the aquarium which are the motor pump compact fluorescent lamp filter feeder and de
12. be maintained through water changes and or using buffers that stabilize the pH such as for freshwater at 7 0 The researchers asked Professor Ariziel Ruth D Marquez a professor of Mapua Institute of Technology School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and she responded that the ideal pH level of the water for the fishes to live is 6 6 7 3 When Professor Josephine A Ng a Chemical Engineer was asked by the researchers about the accuracy of the pH level she attested that the pH level stated was correct In addition a series of tests were made to prove the statement Regular testing and monitoring the pH of water is highly recommended to ensure that the water inside the aquarium will not harm the marine creatures How water becomes Acidic or Alkaline According to Brian Malinconico in his article from Aquarium Wiki Acidic or Alkaline is a term used by aquarists which refers to water conditions and its pH value He states that water is said to be alkaline if it contains hydroxyl ions OH Hence water with a pH higher than 7 is said to be an alkaline Alkaline water can be high in calcium or magnesium ions In a planted aquarium the plants will give off carbon dioxide when the lights are turned off This will make the water with less alkaline The opposite of alkaline is acid Some species of fish have difficulty breeding in alkaline water even though they can live quite happily in acidic water Neon tetras and Cardinal tetras are
13. bytes of RAM on the chip along with eight 1 0 pins characteristics of a microcontroller are as follows Microcontrollers embedded inside some other device often a consumer product so that they can control the features or actions of the product Another name for a microcontroller therefore is embedded controller Microcontrollers are dedicated to one task and run one specific program The program is stored in ROM read only memory and generally does not change Microcontrollers are often low power devices desktop computer is almost always plugged into a wall socket and might consume 50 watts of electricity battery operated microcontroller might consume 50 milliwatts e microcontroller has a dedicated input device and often but not always has a small LED or LCD monitor for output microcontroller also takes input from the device it is controlling and controls the device by sending signals to different components in the device e A microcontroller is often small and low cost Its components are chosen to minimize size and to be as inexpensive as possible In contrast to general purpose CPUs microcontrollers do not have an address bus or a data bus because they integrate all the RAM and non volatile memory on same chip as the CPU Because they need fewer pins the chip can be placed in a much smaller cheaper package By integrating the memory and other peripherals on a single chip and t
14. covered by a stainless steel box It will automatically turns OFF if a light sensor detects another light coming from any direction and turns ON if it doesn t If within 2 weeks the pH meter does not detect the water to be too basic or too acidic the water will still be drained to 1 4 level and be replaced because it is recommended by aquarium users 21 The delimitations of the design are the following 1 The design was limited to the classification and kind of fishes suitable inside the aquarium s environment The quantities of fishes that can be put inside the aquarium were also limited so as to prevent overpopulation that may cause problems to the health of the fishes Although the design is for fishkeeping the researchers only chose one type of fish the goldfish because it can withstand variations in pH much better than other fishes In terms of its automatic dechlorination system it was limited through a fixed number of drops that the storage container could handle It has to be refilled manually when empty for it to release dechlorination liquid again This only happens through a series of dispensing The fishes in the aquarium were limited to those pellet eating species Based on the pH that is maintainable by the aquarium design the best type of fishes that can only be placed inside the aquarium are freshwater fishes For filtering the filter were activated only four times a day For the feedin
15. may trigger an alarm or both Transformer According from the article in wikipidea transformers are some of the most efficient electrical machines with some large units that can transfer 99 75 of their input power to their output Transformers come in a range of sizes from a thumbnail sized coupling transformer hidden inside a stage microphone to huge units weighing hundreds of tons used to interconnect portions of national power grids All operate with the same basic principles though a variety of designs exist to perform specialized roles throughout home and industry A key application of transformers is to increase voltage before transmitting electrical energy over long distances through wires Most wires have resistance and therefore dissipate electrical energy at a rate proportional to the square of the current through the wire By transforming electrical power to a high voltage and therefore low current form for transmission and back again afterwards transformers enable economic transmission of power over long distances Consequently transformers have shaped the electricity supply industry permitting generation to be located remotely from points of demand All but a fraction of the world s electrical power has passed through a series of transformers by the time it reaches the consumer They are used extensively in consumer electronic products to step down supply voltage to a level suitable for the low voltage circuits the
16. microcontrollers using PicBasic Newnes Amsterdam Huang H W 2005 PIC microcontroller an introduction to software and hardware interfacing Thomson Delmar Learning Clifton park New York Mintchell G A 2000 Monterey Bay Aquarium reels in the perfect automation solution Automated Aquarium Systems Schliewen U 1992 Aquarium Fish Barron s Educational Series Inc Hauppauge New York Matsushima Y 1997 Developmental and Comparative Immunology Volume 21 Number 1 January 1997 pp 71 72 2 Elvesier Publishing Wikipedia the free encyclopedia online 2001 URL http wikipedia com 52 APPENDICES APPENDIX PIC16F877 DATASHEET MICROCHIP PIC16F87X 28 40 Pin 8 Bit CMOS FLASH Microcontrollers Devices Included in this Data Sheet PIC16F873 PIC16F876 PIC16F874 PIC16F877 Microcontroller Core Features High performance RISC CPU Only 35 single word Instructions to learn AI single Instructions except program branches which are two cycle Operating speed DC 20 MHz clock Input 200 ns Instruction cycle Up to 8K x 14 words of FLASH Program Memory Up to 368 x 8 bytes of Data Memory RAM Up to 256 x 8 bytes of EEPROM Data Memory Pinout compatbie to the PIC16C738 74B 76 77 interrupt capability up to 14 sources Eight level deep hardware stack Direct indirect and relative addressing modes Power on Reset POR Power up Timer PWRT and Oscillator Start up
17. parasitic oscillations dimensions Units mrm 119202 H i i Inr p 59 APPENDIX HD44780 LCD DATASHEET HD44780U LCD II Dot Matrix Liquid Crystal Display Controller Driver HITACHI ADE 207 272Z 999 Rev 0 0 Description The HD44780U dot matrix liquid crystal display controller and driver LSI displays slpbanumerics Japanese characters and symbols It can be configured to drive a dot matrix liquid crystal display under the of a 4 or 8 bit microprocessor Since all the functions such as display RAM character generator and liquid crystal driver required for driving a dot matrix liquid crystal display are internally provided on one chip a minimal system can be interfaced with this controller driver smgle HD44780U can display up to one character line or two 8 character lines The HD44780U has pin function compatibility with the HD447805 which allows the user to easily replace an LCD II with an HD44780U The HD44780U character generator ROM is extended to generate 208 5 x dot character fonts and 32 5 x 10 dot character fonts for a total of 240 different character fonts The low power supply 2 7V to 5 5V of the HD44780U is suitable for any portable batrery driver product requirmg low power dissipation Features 5 8 and5 x 10 dot matrix possible Low power operation support 2 70 5 5V Wide
18. switch for the feeder motor and dechlorination motor As soon as the microcontroller gives the signal to activate the function It transfers the 220 volts needed to activate these motors Refer to Appendix F for the figure Float Switch The float switch closes or opens its circuitry depending on the water level Two float switches were used one for controlling the draining of water and the other for controlling the pouring of water into the aquarium 30 The float switch will give a value of high if the lower switch is activated This will stop the pump motor from draining the water After this the solenoid valve will start to pour water into the aquarium The higher float switch will give a high value if the water reached the maximum level of water and will stop the solenoid valve from pouring LDR Light Dependant Resistor The LDR resistance varies from the light it absorbs on its surface It will be used as the sensor for triggering the fluorescent light It gives a value of high to the microcontroller if it sensed that the environment of the aquarium is dark and a value of low if there is light that the LDR sense Normally the resistance of an LDR is very high sometimes as high as 1000 000 ohms but when they are illuminated with light resistance drops dramatically When the light level is low the resistance of the LDR is high and its resistance falls and current flows into the base of the first transistor and then the second tran
19. the most commonly known examples of acidic solutions Typical alkaline living species of fish are Mollies and Platies Keeping aquatic animals in the wrong side of their normal pH level will greatly shorten their average life expectancy For example keeping Neon tetras in a pH of greater than 7 will reduce their lifespan from an average of 20 years to only 2 or 3 Change of pH level The Marine Environment Protection Committee in its article Harmful Aquatic Organisms in Ballast Water states that each species of fish has its own narrow range of pH preference and levels and outside of this range will cause health problems For example koi prefers a range between 7 and 8 5 while some tropical fishes prefer water that is slightly acidic There are several ways that pH can affect fish health High acidity or alkalinity can cause direct physical damage to skin gills and eyes Prolonged exposure to sub lethal pH levels can cause stress increase mucus production and encourage epithelial hyperplasia thickening of the skin or gill epithelia with sometimes fatal consequences Fish also have to maintain their own constant internal pH Even small fluctuations of blood pH can prove fatal Extreme external or water pH can influence and affect blood pH resulting in either acidosis or alkalosis of the blood The other consideration is diurnal shifts in pH mainly as a consequence of photosynthesis Large fluctuations even though they may still be with
20. to Sandy Delisle and Perry Romanowski in their article Litmus Paper the litmus paper is used to test whether a solution is acidic or alkaline It is the most recognized member of chemical indicators Litmus changes color when exposed to an acidic or basic solution The simple pH scale ranges from 0 14 with 0 being the most acidic 7 being neutral and 14 being the most basic or alkaline They are both effective at indicating whether a substance is acidic or basic because it cannot report an exact numerical pH value Universal indicators or pH meters are used for this purpose Universal indicators are composed of a variety of materials each changing different colors at different pH values which allows the observer to determine more precisely where the solution in question falls on the pH scale Universal indicators can be impregnated onto paper and made into pH paper or they can be used in the liquid form A reference color card is provided with each universal indicator that correlates a particular color with a pH range Generally speaking most universal indicators are accurate within two values on the pH scale For example a green result could indicate a pH from 8 9 This means universal indicators can determine the pH of a sample quantitatively within a certain range Microcontrollers According to Brain Microcontrollers are special purpose computers 2000 A typical low end microcontroller chip might have 1 000 bytes of ROM 20
21. varieties each with a specific purpose e Granules are like very small hard flakes or tiny pellets Currently only a limited variety of fish food granules are available usually prepared for the general nutritional needs of small community fish e Tablets are large flat pellets Most tablets are of a sinking variety but there are some that cling or sink to the side of the aquarium so that the aquarist may observe the fish being fed Most of the sinking tablets provide the nutritional needs of scavengers and bottom feeders Feeding according to the Weight of fish According to Matsushima Y goldfish has a weight average of 60g It must be fed only 4 of its body weight daily An average of 12 14 pellets is sufficient for feeding a goldfish in one day Fishes are opportunistic feeders When an excess of food is offered they will produce more wastes and feces partly due to incomplete digestion of protein Overfed fishes are sometimes recognized by feces trailing from their cloaca They should be fed as much food as they could consume in one to two minutes and no more than three times a day Extreme overfeeding can be fatal that may result to bursting of the intestines Novice fish keepers who have newly purchased fish need to watch them carefully for a few days as it is important to know how much the fish will eat in a couple minutes of time and if they do not eat they will die in 4 8 days pH meter and Litmus paper water test According
22. D44780UBxx Chip HL 4478DLUBxxTF xx ROM code 61 HD44780U Pin Arrangement FP 30B Top wiew Je Les Le eet M QU ev 6 zn ea e 62 APPENDIX D 7805 VOLTAGE REGULATOR DATASHEET afectar FAIRCHILD CE MiC ON KA78XX KA78XXA 3 Terminal 1 Positive Voltage Regulator www Talrcmildaeasmi com Features Description Conese ug in 1 The senex of thres berminal positive Velliges of 5 6 8 9 LZ 15 LE 27V regulate available TCCZZOLLPAK package Ther Choerlnad with sever fixe culpa velluges making them useful in a Crui Protection wide range af Exch type emplea intesnal Trarzestor Safe Ceseraling Penterten hasal abet dean anml operaling arca protests makrsg ib oexsentially Edaina edequale xnking provided they con deliver aver DA Alhough as fined regulates Sese devices can tied with exbernal ene cess voltages anf 1 input 2 GND Oulpct Internal Block Digram 63 Absolute Maximum Ratings voltage vio 5v 1211 for Vo 2324 Thermal
23. E HOURS MINUTES DAY FRONT PANEL VALVE PUMP LIGHT FILTER BACK PANEL OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS 1 2 Press MODE button Set the current time setting by HOURS by pressing HOURS Press MODE to confirm hours setting Set the current time setting by minutes by pressing MINUTES Press MODE to confirm minutes setting Input number of fish by pressing DAY button Press MODE to confirm day setting View the settings and aquarium status on the LCD display 79 TROUBLESHOOTING Preliminary checks 1 Check for loose broken cords or soldered wires 2 Check for loosely connected cord plugs to the power Filtering device is not functioning o Make sure that filter device power cord is plugged on the proper outlet of the aquarium back panel o Check if the filtering device is running by touching it If there is no vibration try connecting the power cord to other power outlets Display on LCD o Try restarting the system by reconnecting the power cord of the aquarium system to the power outlet o Try pressing the MODE button Pump motor is not functioning o Make sure that pump motor power cord is plugged on the proper outlet of the aquarium back panel o Check if the pump motor is running by touching it If there is no vibration or noise try connecting the power cord to other power outlets 80 Fluorescent Lamp is blinking o Locate the LDR a
24. Engr Priscila N Tagala formerly a Che Chm faculty of the institution suggested that the sample items were best for pH testing Refer to Appendix J for the complete pH paper representation of values Table 6 summarizes the results of the accuracy testing of the pH Meter feeding system Reading Color of Reading Test Number items of pH litmus of pH level meter paper paper 1 Liquid 13 5 Red turns 14 Basic Sosa Blue Pure 2 Water 6 9 Purple 7 Neutral 3 Vinegar 3 Acidic Table 6 Accuracy Test Results of pH Meter Table 7 summarizes the results of the reliability testing of the pH meter The researchers compared the reading of the pH meter to the color of the litmus paper depending on the pH level of the sample items if it was acidic neutral or basic Also if the reading of the pH meter did not fluctuate or vary success was indicated Otherwise failure would be indicated in the test Refer to Appendix J for the complete pH paper representation of values 42 Color Reading Reading Test 3 of pH Test items of pH L of pH Number met r litmus paper level Results paper e Red 1 Liquid 13 5 turns 14 Basic Successful Sosa Blue Pure 2 Water 6 9 Purple 7 Neutral Successful 3 4 Blue 3 Vinegar turns 3 Acidic Successful Red Table 7 Reliability Test Results of pH Meter The accuracy of the water replacement system was tested by the actual use of pump motor and two float switches placed inside the aqu
25. Maintaining a fish tank is very tiresome and costly Keeping it clean is a major problem for aquarium owners because the water should be replaced periodically to keep it habitable for the marine creatures Feeding is another problem especially for those who are busy with their work and find no time to feed their pets Fishes require regular feeding or else they will die of starvation The aquarium is a living environment and therefore some natural processes take place namely Fishes excrete plant leaves decay and uneaten foods rot All these processes contribute to water contamination and because the aquarium is not affected by the cleaning effects of currents flow and rain present in the wild the water can quickly become turbid harbor disease and poison the fish These waste products also release ammonia It is a known fact that even a small amount of this chemical will kill the fish There are effective ways of cleaning the water inside the aquarium Firstly test the acidity and alkalinity Secondly if it is acidic or basic a part of the water should be gradually replaced because replacing all of the water at any point in time will change the water chemistry which will be stressful to the fish Thirdly how often and how much are basic factors to be considered in changing the water It should depend on the waste load in tank size and the sensitivity of the fish Monitoring the water quality with water tests is the best way to decide how oft
26. Microcontroller Based Self Maintained Aquarium Using PIC16F877 with Sensors By Von Arvie A Barbosa Christopher B Barro Joe Mark P Esteban Jan Michael E Intia John Alex G Villegas A Design Report Submitted to the School of Electrical Engineering Electronics and Communications Engineering and Computer Engineering in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Bachelor of Science in Computer Engineering Mapua Institute of Technology July 2008 Approval Sheet Mapua Institute of Technology School of EE ECE CoE This is to certify that we have supervised the preparation of and read the design report prepared by Von Arvie A Barbosa Christopher B Barro Joe Mark P Esteban Jan Michael E Intia and John Alex G Villegas entitled Microcontroller Based Self Maintained Aquarium Using PIC16F877 with Sensors and that the said report has been submitted for final examination by the Oral Examination Committee emen e F Villaverde Design Adviser As members of the Oral Examination Committee we certify that we have examined this design report presented before the committee on July 1 2008 and hereby recommended that it be accepted as fulfillment of the design requirement for the degree in Bachelor of Science in Computer Engineering 4 Vincent C Panel Member 3 Isagani V Villamor Panel Member 1 This practicum report is hereby approved and accepted by the School of Electrical Engineering El
27. OFF Through this system the user will not encounter problems in taking care of their pet fishes if they are not in the house or at the premises where the aquarium is located and at the same time ensures the safety of the fishes from dying due to lack of food pellets and too much chlorine that are bad for the fish It will also limit diseases for the fish because the system enables the water replacement that cleans the aquarium a user friendly device and definitely requires less maintenance RECOMMENDATION Several improvements can be added to the device to further enhance its capabilities 1 The addition of a wiper to the screen or glass of the aquarium so that the dirt on the glass will be wiped out 2 A sensor that will trigger the alarm when the storage containers of the feeder and dechlorination is empty 3 The security PIN can also be implemented to avoid the child children from changing the user s preferences and for its 50 security purposes a system that will enable user to view activities happening in the aquarium and can be accessed online A system that will verify all the hardware components attached to the machines are working properly Temperature sensor can also be added so that the user will be informed about the temperature reading of his aquarium Temperature is also a major factor that should be considered for the health of the fishes Different kinds of fishes that can be han
28. Pack AG 8 Amp amp 10 Amp SPDT Epoxy Sealed Power Relay D15a D15b 1 540 328 2001454 m 6 E 1 aon Mas Mac 1 140 H nt M 04 224 TTE v n H 710 229 1 gi 1 12 1 Cut of ater washing extend contact anc lower operating temperature Contact Rating Resistive Load 10 Ame 380 VAC max switching Upright amp Amp 250 max zwtching Fiat Pacx Contact Material Silver Cadmium Oxide Upright Silver Gold Fiat Pack Contact Resistance 03 Ohms Upright 05 Ohms FlatPack Coil Coil Voltages See Cran Pick up Veitage 80 of nom voltage or less 25 C Drep out Voltage 70 of actual pul in mn Resistance See chart Min Sensitivity 400 mw Nominal Power 600 Operational Characteristics Timing Values Operate Approx 6 mS Upright Approx 15 mS FlatPack Release Time Approx 2 mS Upright Approx 70 mS FlatPack Max Switching Rate 5 operations per second Insulation Characteristics Dielectric Strength Contact To Coil 4000 VANS Across Open Contacts 1000 VANS Resistance Contact to Coil Frame 1000 megohms min Across Open Contacts 500 min Coil Frame 1000 Environmental Characteristics Operating 55 C to Mechanical Life
29. Resisisnpe Jurctan cazes TO Zz0 Thermal Resisisnpe Jurctian Alr TO 220 Opersting Temperature Range KATEKAN Storage Temperature Range Electrical Characteristics KATBOS KATB BR Refer to test circult TJ lt 125 C Ip S00mA vi 109 0 33gF Cos 1uF unless specified Farameter Voltage 5 ied z s PO X 15 5 fo Load Regulation ote TJ amp 2z c m Gezsomato7sama 4 so current Tues CT anen ma EA to 1 os Gulezcent Current Charge XE ERES i e pe a Short Current v z3 3 64 APPENDIX 4MHz CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR DATASHEET HIGH FREQUENCY CYLINDRICAL TYPE MICROPROCESSOR CRYSTAL n e c AB308 RoHS pe APpucaToNS 2 High stability Dy tight vacuum sealing Sukabie ior wide range of apg icason Excellent resistant 10 vibrasion and shock Clocks for microprocessor Miniature nigh frequency cylinder type crystal Consumer electronics equipment Computer PARAMETERS TABLE 1 ESR FREQUENCY MHz ESR 0 6 260 9 599 100 ABRACON PIN AB306 Series Frequen 4 001 MHz to 90 MHz Operation Mode 4 001 MHz 32 0 MHz Fundamental 30 01 80 00 MHz
30. TION AND REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE Research Setting Review of Related Literature and Related Studies Conceptual Framework Statement of the Problem The Objective of the Study The Significance of the Study The Scope and Delimitation Definition of Terms Chapter 2 METHODS AND PROCEDURES Design Procedure Actual Design List of Materials Hardware Design Circuit Design Software Design System Flowchart Chapter 3 PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA Chapter 4 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION Bibliography vi vii viii Appendices APPENDIX A PIC16F877 Datasheet APPENDIX B BA6219B Datasheet APPENDIX C HD44780 LCD Datasheet APPENDIX D 7805 Voltage Regulator Data Sheet APPENDIX E 4MHz Crystal Oscillator Data Sheet APPENDIX F SPDT Relay Switch Data Sheet APPENDIX G Schematic Diagram APPENDIX Source Code APPENDIX I User s Manual APPENDIX J pH paper representation of values LIST TABLES Table 1 List of Materials Table 2 Accuracy Test Results of Filtration System Table 3 Reliability Test Results of Filtration System Table 4 Accuracy Test Results of Feeding System Table 5 Reliability Test Results of Feeding System Table 6 Accuracy Test Results of pH Meter Table 7 Reliability Test Results of Water pH Meter Table 8 Accuracy Test Results of Water Replacement System Table 9 Reliability Test Results of Water Replacement System Table 10 Accuracy Test Results of Dechlorina
31. age EEPROM for permanent data storage peripheral devices and input output interfaces PIC Microcontroller is a family of Harvard architecture microcontrollers made by Microchip Technology derived from the PIC1640 originally developed by General Instrument s Microelectronics Division The name PIC initially referred to Programmable Interface Controller but shortly thereafter was renamed Programmable Intelligent Computer Proton PIC Basic is Software that provides a functional PIC assembly code allowing emulation of commands available with the BASIC stamp directly with the PIC microcontroller and in assembly language The compiler accepts a BASIC language to be compiled into a HEX file be burned into the microcontroller PROTEUS ISIS is circuit simulation software designed to build and test schematic diagrams It is also used for PCB lay outing circuit designing and real time circuit simulation Interactive peripheral models CPU models and virtual instruments can be employed in the designing of circuits 25 Chapter 2 METHODOLOGY Design Methodology The researchers used the experimental method of research in testing the prototype They used experimental research for the materials needed and the construction of the hardware for automation They also carefully analyzed what materials will be used or suited in the aquarium In addition they researched on the sensors and other components for the controller Figure 2 show
32. apter deals with the presentation analysis and interpretation of data that were obtained by the researchers while conducting a series of tests and studies on the development of the prototype Test of Accuracy and Reliability The accuracy and reliability of the design were tested by observing the filtration pH level automatic feeder water replacement system with dechlorination liquid and Lighting system In testing the accurate time of filtering the time was set to 6 59AM for the first test when the clock struck at 7 00AM The filter device was triggered to filter the water The filtration duration was set to activate for 2 hours therefore it stopped at exactly 9 00AM The filtration of aquarium water must activate four times a day which are stated in Table 2 The test results should verify if the water was filtrated or not Three actual testing days were conducted to perform the accuracy and reliability testing of the filtration system Table 2 below summarizes the results of the accuracy testing 38 Time Water Filtering Filtrated Duration 1 00 3 00 Yes 2 hours 7 00 9 00 Yes 2 hours 13 00 15 00 Yes 2 hours 19 00 21 00 Yes 2 hours 1 00 3 00 Yes 2 hours 7 00 9 00 Yes 2 hours 13 00 15 00 Yes 2 hours 19 00 21 00 Yes 2 hours 1 00 3 00 Yes 2 hours 7 00 9 00 Yes 2 hours 13 00 15 00 Yes 2 hours 19 00 21 00 Yes 2 hours
33. arium It was activated when the pH meter exceeded or went below normal the pH value which were 6 6 to 7 3 according to Professor Ariziel Ruth D Marquez Furthermore Mr Amador Domingo Jr told the researchers that the average water to be replaced was 1 4 of the total volume The pump motor would drain 1 4 of the water inside the aquarium and to make sure that it would only drain 14 of the water the researchers used two float switches that acted as a level sensor The first sensor was at the top while the second one was below the middle part of the aquarium The second level sensor should be reached by the level of the water for the pump motor to stop After of water was drained the solenoid valve would be triggered and would also allow the water to flow from the water source to the aquarium The first level sensor should be reached by the level of the water for the solenoid valve to stop allowing the flow of water Two actual 43 testing was conducted to perform accuracy and reliability testing of the water replacement system Table 8 summarizes the results of Water Replacement System SW1 represents the float switch 1 SW2 for float switch 2 M4 for the pump motor and M2 for the solenoid valve Starting Water Water Test MA N mbr Water Reaches Reaches Activates ee Level SW2 SW1 1 High Yes No No Yes 2 Low No Yes Yes No Table 8 Accuracy Test Results of Water Replacement System Table 9 summarizes the results of the reliab
34. ayMS 1500 Cls GoTo MAIN DelayMS 50 ADCONO 2 1 DelayMS 50 Return getx ADCONO 41 GoSub getad pH_METER ADRESH 28 Return If on_screen 1 Then GoSub TO_SCREEN If on_screen 1 Then GoSub GET_TIME If Buttoni 1 Then settings settings 1 Print fe 1 on_screen 0 GoTo MENU_SET EndIf If settings 2 And Button2 1 Then GoTo MENU UUR If settings 2 And Button3 1 Then GoTo MENU MINUUT If settings 3 And Button4 1 Then GoTo fish counter If settings 4 And Button4 1 Then GoTo MENU DAY COUNTER 71 Activate FEEDER eere trei If hour 9 And minute 0 And FEEDER FLG 1 Then GoSub onfeeder Else If hour 21 And minute 0 And FEEDER FLG 1 Then GoSub onfeeder EndIf EndIf If PORTB 7 1 Then 1 High LIGHT Else Lamp 0 Low LIGHT EndIf Activate Deactivate Aerator If hour 1 Or hour 2 Then High FILTER fitr 1 Else If hour 7 Or hour 8 Then High FILTER fltr 1 Else If hour 13 Or hour 14 Then High FILTER fitr 1 Else If hour 19 Or hour 20 Then High FILTER fltr 1 Else Low FILTER fitr 0 21 00 72 If pH METER lt 6 5 And pH METER FLG 1 Or pH METER gt 8 1 And METER 1 Or DAY 14 And pH METER 1 Then DAY 0 PUMP 1 pH METER 0 PUMP CHK 1 VALVE CHK 0 High PUMP 1 EndIf If PORTE O 1 And PUMP FLG 1 The
35. carbonate hardness The pH in harder water is more difficult to adjust because it bounces back Keep in mind to change it slowly as it causes a lot of stress to the fish 2 General Hardness GH primarily measures calcium and magnesium ions It is important for breeders some species require very soft water which is hard to maintain requiring constant monitoring for maximum success Other than choosing the right fish for the existing conditions the GH is generally not all that important for the average hobbyist 3 Carbonate Hardness measures dissolved bicarbonate and carbonate ions They are commonly referred to as the buffering capacity The kH determines the pH stability and is therefore very important The more bond form the higher the pH Lesser carbonate ions results in a drop of pH The kH of 70 ppm and less will initiate the pH crash Therefore never attempt to adjust these values unless it is absolutely necessary Be sure to carefully monitor any changes in kH and pH If the fish and tank are thriving it is not recommended that any adjustments be attempted 4 Nitrogen compounds such as ammonia and Nitrite Nitrates are well described in The Nitrogen Cycle article 5 Water companies add chlorine or chloramines as a disinfectant to tap water Chlorine is less stable than chloramines and airs out in just a few days Some persons simply let the water age for a couple of days before doing the water change thus airing out the c
36. ceiver Transmitter USART SCI wih 9 0 address detection Parallel Slave Port PSP E bits wide with external RD WR and CS controls 40 44 pin only Brown out detection circulry for Brown out Reset 54 PDIP SOIC pe RETIPOD L 2 RBEPC RAIAN a RES RAXANDNRIT I 4 a REM RAJANSA 9 5 mA4GTUCKIs m nBi s Ez 9 D Vis RCTRXDT RCIITICESCCR 11 ae CATA RCNCORI ACEO e 20 2 98 PLCC 29 20 254850 UE i i RAB AMASS 7 ii i RBMNT vss Hii 16 4 HA ies 4 4 115 HL oe 5056725 4 Bassa EMEN Egad Eu Ht zu L m z 10825005 TE TETEE i E 111111 HH HHHHHH a Fae hae RCTIRXIDT 33HT3 RDA PaF4 RCDBTIOBSOITCKI RDSPSPS ORBCHCLEOUT RDE PSFB 30LIL19 4 Rovirar ys 6 HE rT 2 171167874 Same CH 2 m0 REMANERE CO t REJ oy 0 wO
37. chlorination The output of every function was controlled by the hard coded program of the microcontroller Output will also be dependent on the input of time fish count and day counter that is settable by the user Refer to Appendix A for the figure LCD Hitachi HD44787A 4x20 The LCD used is Hitachi HD44787A The size 4x20 is second to the smallest available in the market It will be sufficient for the display of information needed by the user This will display the important information about the functionalities of the aquarium like the pH value the time and the functions that are currently working For the figure refer to Appendix C Solenoid Valve 2 2 way Solenoid Valve 220 size 14 29 A solenoid valve is a general purpose one input one output two state open close solenoid valve that runs on 220V It was used as a control component for the input of water It was controlled by a relay that accepts a 6V from the microcontroller to route the power source of the valve Solenoid valve will be deactivated by the float switch if the lower float switch gives a high value The valve starts refilling the aquarium as expected Relay SPDT Furthermore the relay that the researchers used is a single push double throw variety It will accept a 6V DC of input and will output a 220V AC Relays were used to activate the solenoid valve filter pump and florescent lamp for they only run on 220V The SPDT relay acts as a
38. chlorinators are also generally very fast acting These will neutralize the chlorine in a bucket of source water in a minute or two and will also neutralize chloramine in five minutes According to Bio Research the amount of dechlorination that should be dispensed is 5 drops per gallon Fish foods An article regarding fish foods was also taken into account It is written by Nathan Miller entitled Aquarium Fish Food Tips This article provides useful information regarding the different kinds of food for the fishes The author grouped fish foods found in major aquarium shops into two categories flake foods and freeze dried foods These foods provide a complete and balanced diet for the fish and are available in a variety of forms floating pellets sinking pellets granules tablets and flakes e Flakes are the most common type of processed foods and are available in a very wide variety Some flakes are prepared to provide the nutritional requirements of specific varieties or species of fish and others are designed to counter nutritional imbalances while still others are balanced to enhance color or growth or to encourage spawning e Pellets are available in forms that denser or lighter than water This allows the fish to feed in a more natural way if the right pellet is provided Some fish prefer to feed off the bottom of the tank while others prefer to feed off the surface Like flakes pellet foods are available in many
39. cking the system they proceeded to build the PCB circuit and designed the PCB circuit in PCB designer The next process was etching the PCB circuit in the copper board using ferric chloride When the circuit emerges they drilled the holes for mounting the components onto the board Soldering the component was done to ensure the proper connectivity of each component Tt was necessary to test the connectivity of each component in the circuit after soldering If an improper solder or cold solder onto the board were done the researchers de soldered and soldered it again After testing the 36 soldered components troubleshooting the system was done next troubleshoot easily they did them part by part or by modules Later they troubleshoot the LCD of the system to test if it worked well Then the research team tested the relays connected in the microcontroller to easily identify what went wrong on the circuit Refer to Appendix G for the schematic diagram Parallel to the construction of the hardware was building the software or the code that were used in the microcontroller The researchers used the compiler PIC Basic Pro which accepts a BASIC language that would be compiled into a HEX file and would be burned into the microcontroller While the components were being mounted on the breadboard the software can be tested in ISIS Refer to Appendix H for the source code 37 Chapter 3 PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA This ch
40. d consistent water quality is the single most important element of a healthy aquarium To maintain water quality a regular schedule of partial water changes is essential in most aquarium setups Partial water change is so important as opposed to total clean ups because it involves the concepts of Basic Aquarium Water Parameters and the Nitrogen Cycle The researchers asked Mr Amador Domingo Jr an aquarist who has been constantly growing different kinds of fishes regarding the partial change of water based on a regular schedule He said that for an average tank water should be changed of the total volume of water 24 hours This was proven by a series of tests that were conducted on the design Basic Aquarium Water Parameters Scott Charles in his article Basic Aquarium Water Parameters identified the basic parameters 1 The pH Power of Hydrogen is the measurement of hydrogen ions Increased hydrogen ions less bonding results in a drop of the pH more acidic water while a decrease results in a pH rise The pH is measured on a scale from 0 14 Changes in pH are common causes of fish fatalities Fish can adapt to most pH levels if not broadly out of range but they don t adapt well to bouncing values In other words a change in pH from 7 to 6 means 10 times more acidic water A further drop to a pH of 5 equals 100 times more acidic water If the aquarist wants to adjust the pH in the tank he has to consider the
41. dled and properly taken care of in the aquarium slight change on the program is also possible so that the users can input what time he she wants to filter his her aquarium and the time to feed the fishes The value of the pH level is not displayed and replaced by a note on the LCD that the pH meter is disabled because it already detected that the water is acidic or basic A feeding system that will accurately dispense the volume of pellets according to the volume setting defined by the user 10 A sensor measuring the level of dissolved oxygen in the water may also be useful to ensure the quality of living conditions of the fishes 51 BIBLIOGRAPHY Bates R G 1973 Determination of pH Theory and Practice 2nd ed John Wiley amp Sons New York N Y Donofrio B 2002 Convert your DMM to a pH meter EDN Boston Volume 47 1 96 Fitzgerald M 1990 General Reading The Marine Aquarium Reference Sea Frontiers Miami Volume 36 1 62 Griffiths 2000 Understanding pH Measurement Automated Aquarium Systems Griffiths Tom 2000 pH Measurement Thermal Characteristics Automated Aquarium Systems Griffiths Tom 2000 Temperature Compensation of pH Automated Aquarium Systems Griffiths Tom 2000 pH Buffer thermal Characteristics Automated Aquarium Systems Griffiths Tom 2000 Practical Water Chemistry Automated Aquarium Systems Hellebuyck C 2003 Programming PIC
42. e of 14 after the last water replacement process took place Also if the day counter resets back to zero after the water replacement process took place Otherwise failure was indicated in the test M4 represents Water Pump and 2 is for the Solenoid Valve M2 activate Syringe Test Number Day count after M4 Activates Results 1 1 No No Successful 2 2 No No Successful 3 3 No No Successful 4 4 No No Successful 5 5 No No Successful 6 6 No No Successful 7 7 No No Successful 8 8 No No Successful 9 9 No No Successful 10 10 No No Successful 11 11 No No Successful 12 12 No No Successful 13 13 No No Successful 14 14 Yes Yes Successful Table 13 Reliability Test Results of day counter policy 47 4 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION CONCLUSION The researchers developed an effective microcontroller based on self maintained aquarium using PIC16F877 with sensors a device that can monitor the status and switch motors on or off remotely through microcontroller The group was able to interface the microcontroller to the pH meter unit filter unit automatic feeder unit and lighting system unit to the relays and to the manual switches The circuit was designed and the correct program was likewise created to perform the desired functions based on the group s intentions With the general objective of the study to develop a microcontroller based on self maintained aquarium the researchers came with the conclusion ba
43. echlorination System of Water Replacement System M2 represents the solenoid valve and for the SW1 represents the float switch 1 Test Number Water Reaches M2 Deactivates Syringe swi Activates 1 Yes Yes Yes 2 No No No Table 10 Accuracy Test Results of Dechlorination System Table 11 summarizes the results of the reliability testing of the dechlorination system If the dechlorination liquid will be poured after the water replacement process and vice versa success will be indicated Otherwise failure is indicated in the test Water Volume of Test roaches M2 Syringe dispensed Results Number deactivates Activates dechlorination SW1 xis liquid 1 Yes Yes Yes 1 mi Successful 2 No No No 0 ml Successful Table 11 Reliability Test Results of Dechlorination System 45 The researchers did not fully depend on the pH meter checking whether the water was still clean or not They set a condition on the system that if the day counter is equal to 14 the system will activate the water replacement Table 12 summarizes the results of the Accuracy Test Results of Day Counter Policy Test Number Day Count 1 1 2 2 3 3 No 4 4 No 5 5 No 6 6 No 7 7 No 8 8 No 9 9 No 10 10 No 11 11 No 12 12 No 13 13 No 14 14 Yes Table 12 Accuracy Test Results of Day Counter Policy 46 Table 13 summarizes results of the reliability testing of the pH meter reading if it was still neutral and if the day counter had a valu
44. ectronics and Communications Engineering and Computer Engineering as fulfillment of the practicum requirement for the degree in Bachelor of Science in Computer Engineering COE461D C1 3 Engr Felicito S Caluyo Dean School of EE ECE CoE ACKNOWLEDGEMENT It is our desire to express our gratitude to all those who extended assistance and shared knowledge on our design prototype Thank you Engr Noel B Linsangan our instructor and Engr Jocelyn Villaverde our adviser for giving us the knowledge and idea to build our self maintained aquarium and for continuously guiding us to reach our objectives and goals as well as to our friends for their warm accommodation and support in making this design possible Our team wholeheartedly dedicates this project to our beloved parents for their untiring guidance support and financial assistance in making this project possible for us We are also grateful for all their sacrifices and for their relentless pursuit to equip use with the best possible tools to improve our lives Most of all we thank the Almighty God for making everything in our lives possible and for all the blessings that He showered upon us Von Arvie A Barbosa Christopher B Barro Joe Mark P Esteban Jan Michael E Intia John Alex G Villegas iii TABLE CONTENTS TITLE PAGE APPROVAL SHEET ACKNOWLEDGEMENT TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES LIST OF FIGURES ABSTRACT Chapter 1 INTRODUC
45. en and how much water is to be replaced Finally having a water filter will also solve the problem but keeping it always activated will disrupt the marine creatures The vibration from the filter motor will stress the fish II Review of Related Literature and Studies Automation of Aquarium Systems Several studies and literature were published regarding the automation of aquarium systems An interesting article in the Fish Flash entitled Automated Water Changing written by Bob Krampetz explains how to construct a siphon overflow water change system that does not involve drilling tanks The author provided illustrations and a step by step procedure on how to implement a water replacement system used PVC and drip irrigation with valve to control the flow of water Equipment called super feeder is made to feed the fishes automatically It has a base model that holds 3 4 cup of flakes or pellets which can be increased with its supplied 2 cup hopper extension It also has a special Moisture Trap funnel which effectively keeps excessive moisture away from the feeder s food reservoir as well as providing a means of distributing the food without spills The feeder comes with a low voltage power adapter that can be plugged into any 24 Hr lamp timer a digital timer for precise timing or even a home automation power module Some people can operate it with a remote control to manually feed the fish It has its own internal electronic adju
46. er for them to work Large amounts of these bacteria lethal to fish other way of removing nitrate is through water changes If the pH is lower than 6 8 and becomes stable at that point ammonia is not an issue because the lower pH ammonia becomes ammonium Ammonium is harmless except when in very large amounts It is even easier for the plants to use them for food and is unusable by the nitrifying bacteria Dechlorinator Based from the article entitled Dechlorination written by Keith Seyffarth a dechlorinator or chlorine remover is a chemical additive that neutralizes chlorine Most municipal water supplies and many holding tanks for wells in rural communities farms and ranches are treated with chemicals to kill off any harmful bacteria or other pathogens which may get into the water The most common of these chemicals are chlorine and chloramine Though the dosages of these chemicals in the water supply are low enough that they are not harmful to a land animal including people dogs cats hamsters horses etc or house plant they are high enough to cause damage to the biological filter and eventually to the fish For this reason it is important to treat the water to remove chlorine with an appropriate dechlorinator before adding it to the tank Good dechlorinators are dosed one drop for each 2 liters 0 5283 gallons It is advised to treat only the new water being added to the tank not the entire tank volume De
47. esistor LDR or photoconductor It is made of a high resistance semiconductor If the light falling on the device is of high frequency photons absorbed by the semiconductor give electrons enough energy to jump into the conduction band The resulting free electron and its hole partner conducts electricity thereby lowering resistance Sensor is a mechanical device sensitive to light temperature radiation level or the like that transmits a signal to a measuring or control instrument It is a device which measures a physical quantity and converts it into a signal which can be read by an observer or by an instrument Relay is an electrical switch that opens and closes under the control of another electrical circuit In the original form the switch is operated by an electromagnet to open or close one or many sets of contacts Since relay can control an output circuit of higher power than the input circuit it can be considered an electrical amplifier Microcontroller or MCU is a computer on a chip type of microprocessor emphasizing high integration low power consumption self sufficiency and cost effectiveness in contrast to a general purpose microprocessor the kind used in a PC In addition to the usual arithmetic and logic elements of a general purpose microprocessor the microcontroller typically integrates additional 24 elements such as read write memory for data storage read only memory such as flash for code stor
48. esting them as a unit increases the cost of that chip but often results in decreased net cost of the embedded system as a whole Even if the cost of a CPU that has integrated peripherals is slightly more than the cost of a CPU plus external peripherals having fewer chips typically allows a smaller and cheaper circuit board and reduces the labor required to assemble and test the circuit board Float Switch Based from the article in wikipidea a float switch is a device used to sense the level of liquid within a tank The switch may actuate a pump an indicator an alarm or other devices A very common application is in sump pumps and condensate pumps where the switch detects the rising level of liquid in the sump or tank and energizes an electrical pump which then pumps liquid out until the level of the liquid has been substantially reduced at which point the pump is switched off again Float switches are often adjustable and can include substantial hysteresis That is the switch s turn on point may be much higher than the shut off point This minimizes the on off cycling of the associated pump Some float switches contain a two stage switch As liquid rises to the trigger point of the first stage the associated pump is activated If the liquid will continue to rise perhaps because the pump has failed or its discharge is blocked the second stage will be triggered This stage may switch off the source of the liquid being pumped and
49. g of the fishes it was limited for fishes that eat two times a day and 12 to 14 pellets a day The design did not measure the temperature of the water which could also be a factor in maintaining the safety of the fish in the aquarium 22 7 The light dependent resistor did not measure a specific value of light intensity to be activated 8 The dissolved oxygen level of the water was not considered VIII Definition of Terms The definition of the terms in this section was taken from wikipedia the free encyclopedia http www wikipedia com Aquarium is a glass sided tank bowl or the like in which fish or other living aquatic animals or plants are kept Filter is a device used in the aquarium to block certain objects or substances while letting others through Filters are often used to remove harmful substances from water Aquarium fish feeder is electric or electronic gadget that is designed to feed aquarium fish at regular intervals It is often used to feed fish when the aquarist is on vacation or is too busy to maintain a regular feeding schedule Feeder is a boxlike device from which animals may eat This device is designed to allow a number of fish to feed simultaneously or to release a specific amount of feed at regular intervals 23 Photo resistor an electronic component whose resistance decreases with increasing incident light intensity It can also be referred to as a light dependent r
50. hlorine When Chloramine is stable it does not air out even if heavily aerated As a mixture of ammonia and chlorine it passes through the fish s tissue directly into the bloodstream In the blood just like nitrite Chloramine destroys the oxygen carrying cells and causes all fish to die within 24 hours The Nitrogen Cycle In the article Nitrogen Cycle by Vanny Devos Tiago and Marcos Avila they stated that if the pH reading is higher than 6 8 fish create ammonia as part of its biological processes It is created by the decaying materials in the tank like uneaten food and dead plants Ammonia in an aquarium has no place to go but into the water It is a highly toxic chemical even in very small quantity Bacteria is an aerobic creatures which needs oxygen to survive A group of bacteria known as nitrosonomas break down the ammonia into nitrites Similarly nitrites are also lethal in small amounts but not as small as ammonia and are also broken down by bacteria This group of bacteria known as nitrobacters also requires oxygen to do its work The nitrites get broken down to nitrates Nitrates are not lethal except in extremely large amounts There are only a few ways to regulate the amount of nitrate Plants remove nitrate by using it as food There is a type of bacteria anaerobic that will consume nitrate but oxygen drives them away and large amount of surface area is needed to be exposed to very slow moving water in ord
51. ies such as physical and chemical characteristics pollutants and contaminants toxic chemicals petroleum derivatives and biological agents like water borne disease organisms Each of these categories includes a set of parameters used to measure and describe the degree of quality of each Some of these parameters may include water temperature pH level and dissolved oxygen Water quality of the aquarium affects the system in a way that it determines whether the water needs to be filtered or replaced Fish population may affect water quality overpopulated aquarium system may lower the dissolved oxygen which might cause serious problems to the health of the fishes The physical size of the aquarium could determine the number of fishes that could live in it Small containers may not be healthy for certain types of fishes and may cause overpopulation addition it is important to consider the kinds of fishes that will stay in the aquarium because some of them have characteristics that might cause trouble with some other inhabitants Is is also possible that some of these fishes may not be supported by the automatic feeder Refer to Figure 1 for the complete process of the system IV Statement of the Problem The main problem of the design is how to maintain the cleanliness of the aquarium and to feed the fishes automatically so that the aquarist will not be burdened of the feeding routine Specifically the study seeks to answer the f
52. ility testing of the water replacement system To check if the pump motor would drain water The water level was high until it reached the second level sensor and if the solenoid valve allowed flowing of water The water level was low if it reached the first level sensor Also if the pump motor and solenoid valve were not activated at the same time success was indicated Otherwise failure was indicated in the test The syringe approximately poured 5 drops of dechlorination liquid which was enough for 1 gallon of water The system could be tested if dechlorination liquid would be dispensed from the syringe after the water replacement process The amount of dechlorination liquid to be poured was 5 drops for every gallon of water replaced as stated on page 10 In this case the water replacement system replaced about 2 gallons of water Thus 10 drops o dechlorinated liquid was released from the syringe 44 Test Starting Water Water 4 2 Results Water Reaches Reaches 2 Number Level SW2 Activates Activates 1 High Yes No No Yes Successful 2 Low No Yes Yes No Successful Table 9 Reliability Test Results of Water Replacement System The Dechlorination system was done by pouring dechlorination liquid from the syringe so that the new water would be neutralized Two actual testing was conducted to perform the accuracy and reliability testing of the dechlorination system Table 10 summarizes the results of the Accuracy Test Results of D
53. in the preferred range are likely to be stressful and damaging to health of the fishes Effects of pH to the fish According to Brooklands V I P Pet Products located in New Plymouth in the province of Taranaki New Zealand pH level in water is the measure of how much hydrogen is found in the water Hydrogen is a chemical that is found all over the earth The pH is a measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution or the power of Hydrogen The pH scale ranges from 1 acidic to 14 basic A change of one pH unit means a tenfold change in concentration Some fish can tolerate a range of 5 to 9 pH Other fish cannot tolerate a change in one pH unit Effects of pH on aquatic organisms Affects breathing Cause stress and diseases Affects the reproductive cycle of fish Affects the nitrogen cycle Water replacement In an article Aquarium Basics Partial Water Changes by Haname the writer states that aquarist should gradually replace the water if it is already acidic or basic It states that the most frequent and most fatal mistake made by beginners is to think that they need to tank every now then It means to scoop up all the fish into a bucket remove everything from the tank give it all a good scrubbing assemble everything back and dump the fish back into the aquarium If this happens the fish will be stressed and might die due to lack of oxygen Haname said that the good an
54. n PUMP_FLG 0 VALVE_FLG 1 PUMP_CHK 0 VALVE_CHK 1 Low PUMP High VALVE pmp 0 Vive 1 EndIf If PORTE 1 1 And VALVE FLG 1 Then VALVE_FLG 0 pHM_CTR 0 PUMP_CHK 0 VALVE_CHK 0 Low VALVE Vive 0 GoSub onchlorine EndIf GoTo MAIN End 73 5 GoSub getx Print At 1 1 AQUARIUM STATUS Print At 2 1 DEC2 hour DEC2 minute DEC2 second DAY CNT DEC2 DAY Print At 3 1 pH DEC2 pH METER Select Case Lamp Case 0 Print At 4 1 L 1 Case 1 Print At 4 1 L 2 EndSelect Select Case pH METER Case 0 To 6 5 Print At 3 12 ACIDIC Case 6 6 To 8 Print At 3 12 NEUTRAL Case 8 1 To 9 Print At 3 12 BASE Case 9 1 To 10 Print At 3 12 BASE EndSelect Select Case pmp Case 0 Print At 4 5 P 1 Case 1 Print At 4 5 P 2 EndSelect Select Case Vive Case 0 Print At 4 10 V 1 Case 1 Print At 4 10 V 2 EndSelect 74 Select Case fltr Case 0 Print At 4 15 1 Case 1 Print At 4 15 2 EndSelect Return MENU SET Select Case settings Case 2 Print At 2 1 DEC2 hour DEC2 minute Min Print At 1 1 Time Setting print at 3 1 DelayMS 150 3 Print At 2 1 FISH DEC2 FISH Print At 1 1 FISH COUNTER DelayMS 250 Case 4 Print At 2 1 DAY COUNTER DEC2 DAY Print At 1 1 DAY COUNTER SETTING DelayMS 250 Case 5 If onetime 0 Then onetime 1 x 1 E
55. nation Liquid Is Float Switch 2 Activated No Yes Check last pH No activate Deactivate Valve In Is Float Switch 2 Activated Yes Yes Activate Valve Out 2 Deactivate Valve Out Activate Valve In Yes No Drop dechlorination Deactivate Valve Is Float Switch 2 Liquid 3 In Activated Figure 4 System Flowchart 35 Prototype Development The first step on building the design was gathering the materials needed for the hardware The materials needed were sensors input buttons output display microcontroller etc After computation of the materials needed the team inquired at Alexan and E Gizmo for the availability and cost of the materials needed To complete the hardware implementation the researchers constructed the circuit first in ISIS After identifying the correct pins to be used in the design they assembled the gathered materials in a breadboard to test and simulate the code Putting components in a breadboard was a rigorous task To check if the connecting wires were properly connected they rechecked if it was in the right pin of the IC Even so it was done to make the modification early in the design If some circuits were weak it was immediately fixed here to avoid the repetition of the succeeding processes After che
56. nd adjust its location away from the lamp o Check for loose or broken wire connection of the LDR Feeder motor stops running o Check feeder device if it has a pellet stuck inside the container o Adjust the motor by pulling the lever and try to locate for stuck pellet Dechlorination device does not function o Check wiring of the device for loose or broken connection o Check if the syringe is empty If it is empty refill it by placing the dechlorination liquid in a container and place the liquid near the mouth of the syringe Gently push the refill button inside the aquarium system and wait until the syringe is full again 81 APPENDIX 2 pH paper representation of values pH Paper Chart 82 Test for Vinegar Solution pH Test Results for Vinegar 83 Test for Water Solution pH Test Results for Pure Water 84 Test for Sosa Solution pH Test Results for Liquid Sosa 85
57. ndIf Print fe 1 on_screen 1 settings 1 onetime 0 Print FE 0C DelayMS 250 End Select DelayMS 100 GoTo MAIN MENU_UUR If settings 2 Then up_hour hour 75 Inc up hour If up hour gt 24 Then up hour 0 If settings 2 Then hour up hour GoTo MENU SET MENU MINUUT If settings 2 Then Inc minute If minute 60 Then minute 0 EndIf GoTo MENU SET MENU DAY COUNTER If settings 4 Then Inc DAY CTR EWrite 1 DAY EndIf If DAY CTR gt 31 Then DAY_CTR 0 EWrite 1 DAY CTR EndIf GoTo MENU SET fish counter If settings 3 Then Inc FISH EWrite 0 FISH If FISH gt 10 Then FISH 0 EWrite 0 FISH EndIf GoTo MENU SET GET TIME second second 1 DelayMS 450 If second 60 Then minute minute 1 second 0 EndIf 76 If minute 60 Then FEEDER FLG 1 pH METER FLG 1 FOOD CTR FISH minute 0 hour hour 1 EndIf If hour 24 Then DAY_CTR DAY_CTR 1 EWrite 1 DAY_CTR hour 0 minute 0 second 0 EndIf Return onfeeder If FOOD_CTR lt 0 Then FOOD_CTR 0 High feeder Off Low Feeder On FEEDER FLG 0 EndIf FOOD CTR FOOD 1 High Feeder On Low feeder Off DelayMS 1000 High feeder Off Low Feeder On DelayMS 1000 second second 2 Return onchlorine High CHLORINE 77 onchlorine2 DelayMS 5000 Low CHLORINE second second 5 Return 78 1 USER S MANUAL SELF AUTOMATED OO MOD
58. ollowing 1 How to effectively filter the water and to dispose the solid wastes in the water 2 How to detect the acidity and to alkalinity of water 3 How to drain and to replace water without hurting the fishes 4 How will the lighting system work 5 How to pour the dechlorination liquid after replacing water and 6 How to feed the fish V Objective of the Design The main objectives in the implementation of the design are to make an aquarium that will lessen its maintenance to retain the clean environment of an aquarium using advanced devices and to automatically control the food supply of the fishes through the use of a self designed container controlled by a dc motor Specific Objectives In order to fulfill these objectives this study seeks to meet the following VI Test accurately the time of filtering the water using pump motors and to dispose its solid wastes Detect the pH level of the water using a pH sensor Drain and replace the water once the water becomes acidic or basic as monitored by the pH sensor Have a lighting system dependent on the LDR Dispense dechlorination liquid after the water is replaced and Automatically feed the fish The Significance of the Design This project will greatly benefit the fish enthusiasts by maintaining a clean environment for the fish and by providing a safer habitat for the aquarium creatures It will also benefit those people who go on long tri
59. or crystal oscillator and Appendix F for SPDT relay switch Implementation on Breadboard The implementation of the circuit on a breadboard was done to ensure the function of the modules in the circuit to perform according to plan before mounting it on a PCB This was done to avoid the reiteration process of implementing it in the PCB Refer to Figure 3 for the complete circuit diagram Implementation on PCB After testing rigorously the circuit on the breadboard the design was implemented on PCB The process was done first by etching the PCB circuit done in PCB designer software on the PCB then drilled the necessary holes for the mounting of components Lastly was soldering the materials on the PCB Refer to Figure 3 for the complete circuit diagram 33 Testing and Troubleshooting Testing the routes and connection of components on the PCB was utmost necessary This would ensure that the component was the source or fault of the problem during troubleshooting Testing was done to ensure that no connections were loose and connected unintentionally After testing the research team started troubleshooting It was done by having a live system and checked if the input output sensors and other components if the system worked well Refer to Appendix G for the schematic diagram and Appendix I for the User s Manual Software Design Software Component The software used in the design were ISIS PCB Designer Proton PIC Basic PPB
60. ox was responsible for the dispensing of the pellets Three actual testing days were conducted to perform the accuracy and reliability testing of the feeding system Table 4 summarizes the results of the accuracy testing Day Time Feeder Action je f 9 00 1 1 21 00 Open 1 1 9 00 Open 3 3 21 00 3 3 9 00 Open 4 4 21 00 Open 4 4 Table 4 Accuracy Test Results of Feeding System Table 5 summarizes the results of the reliability testing of the feeding system The compared number of dispense was equal to the number of fishes inside the aquarium and if the dispensed feeds were dispensed on the set time success would be indicated Otherwise failure is indicated in the test Day Time Results 9 00 Open Successful 21 00 Successful 9 00 Open Successful 21 00 Open Successful 9 00 Open Successful 21 00 Open Successful Table 5 Reliability Test Results of Feeding System 41 The accuracy of the pH meter was tested with the use of a litmus paper pH paper and sample items with different pH levels The researchers compared the reading of the pH sensor to the color value of the pH paper depending on the pH level of the sample items if it was acidic neutral or basic One actual testing of acidic neutral and basic water was conducted to perform the accuracy and reliability testing of the pH meter According to
61. ps or those who just have no time to clean their aquarium and feed the fish because they will not worry about the safety of their fishes VII The Scope and Delimitation The scopes of the research design are the following 1 Filtering the water is set to a series of exact time with 4 hours interval although filtration lasts 2 hours Therefore it will take a total of 6 hrs before the filter system will work again 20 An automatic feeding machine will accompany automatic water filter The automatic feeder will disperse fish food periodically It has a self designed container which can dispense about 6 7 pellets per fish and it also dispenses food according through the number of fish entered by the user The pH meter will read the pH level of the water and will determine if it is neutral acid or base If the water is detected to be acidic or alkalinity the water replacement process will be initiated Then the dechlorination will follow to ease the chlorine in the aquarium The motor pump will drain 1 4 of the total volume of water in the aquarium There will be two float switches that determine the maximum and the minimum water level Solenoid valve will be used in controlling the flow of the water in the hose There will be one power supply source where all the devices inside the aquarium are plugged in It is installed at the back of the aquarium There will be a fluorescent lamp inside the aquarium that is
62. range of liquid crystal display driver power 3 0 Liquid crystal drive waveform frequency AC waveform Correspond to high speed MPU bus interface 2 MHz when V 4 bit or 8 01 MPU interface enabled 80 x amp bit display RAM 80 characters max 9 920 bit character generator ROM for total of 240 character fonts 208 character fonts 5 x 8 dot 32 character fonts 5 x 10 dot 60 HD44780U 65 xE bitcbaracrer generator RAM 8 character fonts 5 x dot 4 character fonts 5 x 10 dot x dO0 segment liquid crystal display driver Programmable duty cycles 18 lime of 5 x amp dots with cursor 1 11 for one line o 5 x 10 dots with cursor 1 16 for two lines of 5 x 8 docs with cursor Wide range o instruction functions Display clear cursor home display on off cursor on off display character blink cursor shif display shift Pinfunctica compatibility with ED447305 reset that the controller driver afer power on Internal oscillator with external resistors Low power consumption Ordering Information Type Ha Package CGROM HO44780UA00F5 608 Japanese standard fant HCD44780UAD0 Chip HD4478DUADDTF 608 European standard foni HCD44780UAD2 Chip HL 4478DLUADZ2TF 0 HLD 4478DLUBxxFS Custom font HC
63. s the Process Flowchart of the design C Data Gathering D Hardware Design Hardware Implementation Testing and Troubleshooting Software Design v Prototype Development C Design rmm D Figure 2 Process Flowchart The research group gathered all the data needed and maximized the materials required for the aquarium They also researched in the internet 26 regarding best environment needed for the maintenance of a clean and safe aquarium and the sensors and other components needed for the hardware part of the design After the first assignment the group inquired about and found the material to be used at Bio Research a pet shop located on SM Mega Mall and other local pet shops The researchers requested the pet shop managers to share their expertise and knowledge on pertinent information about aquarium fishes With the abovementioned components of the aquarium the group proceeded on how to automate and to keep the environment clean and livable for the fish inside They did not only inquire at Alexan and E Gizmo for the hardware to be used in the automation of the design but also for creating the code and PCB making software Design Procedure for Actual Design Hardware Design List of Materials The following lists of materials were acquired from Bio Research and local pet shops for the aquarium components
64. sed upon the specific objectives 1 A Filtration system ensures the disposal of solid wastes from the aquarium depending on the set of time which will be activated by a filter device It filters on a duration of 2 hours for every filter cycle which is enough to keep the aquarium clean and also keeping the vibration from the filter motor reduced to a minimum that caused the fishes to be stressed 48 2 An automatic feeder releases an amount of pellets that is enough for the specific number of fish inside the aquarium The feeder is a customized feeder box 3 A pH sensor detects the pH level of the water if it is already acidic or basic It is used to monitor the water if it is clean or dirty It will also stop monitoring the pH level after the 1 hour interval of the water replacement process which took place to avoid fish stress 4 Water replacement system drains and replaces water if it is already acidic or basic monitored by the pH meter so that the fishes will have a clean water environment inside the aquarium This system will also be activated after 14 days of constant neutral reading of the pH meter 5 Dechlorination system dispenses dechlorination liquid from a syringe to neutralize the chlorine of the water It will be activated right after the water replacement process is finished 49 6 Lightning system uses LDR to detect if there is light on the surrounding before the fluorescent lamp will turn ON or
65. sistor This tends to activate the fluorescent light However when the light shines onto the LDR it prevents current from flowing to the base of the transistors which does not trigger the fluorescent light to activate The preset resistor can be turned up or down to increase or decrease resistance in this way it can make the circuit more or less sensitive It can be changed to achieve the desired effect although any replacement must be at least 1K to protect the transistor from being damaged by excessive current 31 Circuit Design HN gt 50447880 E LCD1 R102 LDR 4 7k a 31 2 99 OAW 05 BTUMENON 552 TES 010 5 m 16 77 4MHz 2 iude E Ta OSC1 CLKIN RB2 INT 08 35 MCLR VeP THV 2 56 RB3 PGM XM 2 Rag ava 32 2 RBS ig H Paesana Hig E
66. stable feed timer and volume adjustment to accurately adjust the amount of food you want to dispense per cycle it drops the food all at once from a split second to over a minute for the amount of time you selected The proponents believed that this equipment can also be used in the feeding system and in customizing the feeder box The Importance of Using pH Tests To Monitor Water Conditions According to Kordon LLC formerly Novalek Inc formed by biological scientists in the California Academy of Sciences and Steinhart Aquarium San Francisco pH test is important for tropical marine conditions The pH for tropical marine aquariums should be kept stable at 8 2 8 3 The most likely deviation in pH is going to be by the water becoming more acid as the aquarium water ages To stabilize the pH the aquarist should use water changes and or pH buffers in the water to maintain the pH at 8 2 8 3 For freshwater fishes it is best to aim for a stable pH near neutral of about 6 8 7 2 Most freshwater fishes are raised not wild caught and are already adapted to this level of pH What has become known over time despite what their natural pH water conditions might have been is that it is best to keep the pH stable because even one tenth of a pH change is a doubling of pH on its logarithmic scale This is a substantial change in acidity alkalinity for the fish invertebrates in that water As mentioned for marine aquariums proper pH can
67. tion System Table 11 Reliability Test Results of Dechlorination System Table 12 Accuracy Test Results of Day Counter Policy Table 13 Reliability Test Results of Day Counter Policy vi LIST FIGURES Figure 1 Conceptual Framework Figure 2 Process Flowchart Figure 3 Circuit Diagram Figure 4 System Flowchart vii ABSTRACT The design in this project showcases the implementation of a microcontroller based self maintained aquarium The aquarium consisting of the microcontroller LCD display solenoid valve relay float switch fluorescent lamp filter dechlorination liquid and the LDR Light Dependant Resistor performed the following functions in the feeding lighting filtration water replacement and dechlorination systems in the aquarium Water Replacement depends on the alkalinity or acidity of the aquarium s water which is measured by the pH meter The design incorporates an energy supply that powers up the entire system of the aquarium The system operates with the aid of the microcontroller relay solenoid valve and its sensors that help control the whole functions of the system The design will also benefit the aquarist by maintaining the cleanliness of the aquarium and the feeding system of the fishes Keywords Water replacement and dechlorination system filtration system microcontroller pH meter relay viii Chapter 1 DESIGN BACKGROUND AND INTRODUCTION I The Research Setting or Frame of Reference
68. y contain In these kind of applications the transformer may also act as a key safety component that electrically isolates the end user from direct contact with the potentially lethal supply voltage Signal and audio transformers are used to enhance the stages of amplifiers and to match devices such as microphones and record player cartridges to the input impedance of amplifiers Audio transformers allowed telephone circuits to carry on a two way conversation over a single pair of wires and to couple a differential mode signal to a ground referenced signal and to isolate external cables and internal circuits III The Conceptual Framework PROCESS OUTPUT Comparison of input time and time set for filtering Activate filtering system Input Time Comparison of input time Activate feeding system Input Fish Count and time set for feeding Ee Light on off of Fluorescent Set day count Light sensor senses if light there is light Activate water Ph meter checks the pH replacement system level of aquarium water Pour dechlorination liquid Comparison if day counter after water replacement is already 14 days Figure 1 Conceptual Frame Work 17 There are lot of factors to be considered when designing self maintained aquarium system such as water quality fish populations physical size of the aquarium and the kinds of fishes inside the aquarium Water quality is a general term that refers to several categor

Microcontroller Based Self-Maintained Aquarium Using PIC16F877

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