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AlphaTCP User`s Guide - Birmingham Data Systems

1. The FTP commands command Runs the specified command on the local computer al You cannot use to run any command such as MONGEN which loads a module in user p gt memory and leaves it there when finished append local file remote file Appends a local file to a file on the remote computer If you don t specify remote file the file is appended to the remote file of the same name AlphaTCP User s Guide Rev 09 Transferring Files Page 2 3 ascil Sets ASCII transfer mode This performs end of line and end of file conversions between sys tems bell Toggles bell mode When bell mode is on FTP rings a bell after each file transfer command is done By default the bell is off binary Sets image transfer mode Files are transferred without any conversions If you are transferring an AMOS contiguous file between two AMOS hosts the file s type is preserved bye Ends the FTP session with the remote server and exits cd remote dir Changes the working directory on the remote computer to remote dir For an AMOS remote host you can specify an ersatz device name or a disk account in devn format close Ends the FTP session with the remote server and returns to the command interpreter delete remote file Deletes the remote file on the remote computer debug Toggles debugging mode When debugging is on each command sent to the remote computer is preceded by the string gt By default debu
2. If you have sunique on you may see this message if the remote host doesn t support sunique Connection Aborted The connection TELNET FTP timed out while idle because the remote host is not responding to keepalive packets the connection or computer is down Connection closed by foreign host During a session you either logged off or problems with the remote host caused it to close the connection Connection Refused This message may appear when you are transferring files or running TELNET It indicates there is no server on the remote computer to process your command Arrange for the server on the re mote computer to be started by the System Administrator of that computer or switch to another utility Connection Reset The connection was reset by the remote host Connection Timed Out The command you used can t establish a connection to the target host The connection timed out because no response was received from the remote host Usually this is because the remote host is not running networking software or is down You can check the hosts available by using NETSTA or PING Error Returned buffer number differs at char number The data transmitted in the numbered ICMP ECHO packet was not correctly echoed Error in server reason Closing Connection due to server error The remote host encountered the error described Re start the session You may need to wait un til a remote site problem is corrected Exceeds license
3. 4 Documentation other iii Dynamic IP printing 3 4 E EMAIL attachments 5 2 blind copy 5 2 utility 5 1 Ending a session in FTP 2 6 Ending a TELNET session 3 2 3 3 3 4 Ending an FTP session 2 3 Error messages A 1 escape command in TELNET 3 3 Establishing a TELNET connection 3 3 Ethernet addresses 1 3 Executing an AMOS command during TELNET 3 3 F File names UNIX AMOS conversion 2 12 2 14 File security 1 4 File structure AMOS and UNIX B 1 Page 2 File transfer 2 1 2 2 File type during FTP command 2 2 Files copying with FTP 2 4 2 5 2 6 copying with TFTP 2 9 deleting with FTP 2 3 2 4 renaming with FTP 2 6 Filespec iv FTP command 2 1 2 2 appending files 2 3 argument format 2 2 bell option 2 3 bye command 2 3 cd command 2 3 changing the local directory 2 4 changing the remote directory 2 3 close command 2 3 command line options 2 7 commands 2 2 copying file 2 5 copying files 2 4 2 5 2 6 creating a directory 2 5 debug command 2 3 default directory and account 2 2 default settings 2 6 delete command 2 3 deleting files 2 3 2 4 dir command 2 3 displaying a directory 2 3 2 4 2 5 displaying help 2 6 2 7 ending a session 2 3 2 6 file name conversion 2 12 2 14 file type 2 2 format 2 1 get command 2 4 hash command 2 4 lcd command 2 4 literal command 2 4 ls command 2 4 mdelete command 2 4 m
4. 4 ending a session 3 2 3 3 3 4 escape command 3 3 establishing a connection 3 3 help command 3 3 3 4 input mode 3 4 open command 3 3 options command 3 3 quit command 3 4 setting terminal type 3 1 setting the escape character 3 3 status command 3 4 switching between modes 3 4 viewing options 3 3 Tenex files in FTP 2 7 Terminal type setting in TELNET 3 1 TFTP command 2 9 file name conversion 2 12 2 14 options 2 10 Transferring files 2 1 2 2 type command in FTP 2 7 Type of files setting in FTP 2 7 U Unique file names in FTP 2 6 2 7 2 14 UNIX command list B 4 compared to AMOS B 1 file structure B 1 security B 3 UNIX AMOS file name conversion 2 14 URL command 2 10 format 2 11 url format 2 10 url format in AMOS 2 11 user command in FTP 2 7 Page 4 Index User name in FTP 2 7 V UUD utility 5 1 UUE utility 5 1 verbose mode in FTP 2 7 Viewing network information 4 1 Virtual terminal connection 3 1 AlphaTCP User s Guide Rev 09
5. Replace the text shown with the appropriate entry Text in this type face is used for characters the computer displays on your screen command syntax program examples and sample host names In command syntax variable parts of the command line are in italics as noted below This italic typeface indicates a variable part of a command line or pro gram syntax Following a command line or program format sample the first reference to each parameter in the sample is in this bold italic text Subsequent refer ences are not AMOS command names and file names are given in all capitals Most AMOS commands are not case sensitive However some AlphaTCP com mands on AMOS such as TELNET must be entered in lower case UNIX commands directory paths and file names are given in bold text All UNIX commands and file names are case sensitive so they are given in the proper case normally lower case Since they are based on corresponding UNIX commands the commands you use while inside AlphaTCP such as the various FTP commands are given in lower case bold The key symbol indicates a reference to a key on your keyboard The name of the key appears inside the key symbol This indicates a control sequence you press on the keyboard Press and hold it down while you press the indicated key When displayed in front of a capital letter this means the letter is a control AlphaTCP User s Guide Rev 09 Preface Page v SYMBOL MEANIN
6. are cur rently logged into LOG displays the current account if you enter it without an account to log to COPY Copies a file RENAME mv Changes a file s name mv also lets you move a file to another directory ERASE Erases a file AlphaTCP User s Guide Rev 09 ARP ARPA DDN DNS Ersatz Ethernet Ethernet address Gateway ICMP Internet Address IP Keepalive LAN LP Packet Glossary Address Resolution Protocol RFC 826 A broadcast protocol used to resolve Internet Addresses into physical network addresses The U S Defense Department Advanced Research Projects Agency Defense Data Network the long haul network for the U S Defense Department The Domain Name Service is a distributed database of host names and ad dresses It replaces the HOSTS file in large installations AlphaTCP supports the Resolver portion of DNS On AMOS a one to six character name followed by a colon which precedes a file name in a file specification The ersatz name defines a specific disk account For example SYS is the ersatz name for the DSKO 1 4 account Ethernet or IEEE 802 3 is a network based on an access method called CSMA CD Ethernet was originally developed by the Xerox Corporation in 1972 A specification was published in 1980 for others to use This specifica tion known as the Blue Book was the basis for CSMA CD LANs published in 1983 A 48 bit station identifier Each network node has
7. be assigned a default account they always go to when they log on Two accounts with the same first number are said to be in the same project For example the accounts 60 0 60 3 and 60 376 are all in the 60 project Rather than making you remember account numbers AMOS offers another way to identify accounts For any account you can define one or more ersatz names For example if Fred always uses account 100 70 when he s on AMOS it could be assigned the ersatz name FRED Ersatz names contain from one to six letters and or numbers and are always followed by a colon Files in different AMOS accounts can have the same name like files in different directories on UNIX A file is uniquely identified by its disk device account number and name or its ersatz name and file name For example DSK2 SALES LST 42 4 is a complete file specification on a network a file specification may also include a host name or address Note that the account number follows the file name When you use an ersatz name it replaces the disk device part of the specification it comes first and there is no account number FRED LETTER TXT FILE NAMES The maximum length of a file name on the various implementations of UNIX varies from 14 to 255 char acters UNIX file names can include any character except a slash though certain other characters are not recommended Upper and lower case letters are treated differently so test and TEST identify differ e
8. be included into an electronic mail message or transferred by any other means requiring readable ASCII text The format for UUE is as fol lows UUE filename ext UUE will read the specified binary file and create an output file with the same name except the extension UUE will be used n UUE only handles sequential files not contiguous ones UUD UUD is used to decode uuencoded files back into binary form The format for UUD is as follows UUD filenam ext filenam ext If the source is split into multiple parts such as when mailing large binary files you may list all the parts in order on the command line UUD creates the file listed on the begin line of the uuencoded file If there are multiple files listed within all of the parts UUD will decode each one If the filename is not a valid AMOS filename UUD will transform the name using the same method described in chapter 2 EMAIL EMAIL can be used to send a text file with optional attachments from the AMOS command line The format for EMAIL is as follows EMAIL D M T messagefile resultfile D Turns on debugging displays command sequence M Enables MIME support R Used to add to the header the line Disposition Notification To Sender sender location com T Turns on trace mode displays message being sent AlphaTCP User s Guide Rev 09 Page 5 2 Chapter Five resultfile is an optional file which error messag
9. before we assume that at least some AlphaTCP users are either AMOS users who are unfamiliar with UNIX or UNIX users who have never worked with AMOS before This appendix therefore is an introduction to AMOS and or UNIX It is written from a practical point of view not a theoretical one Anything going on behind the scenes which doesn t affect the way you use the computer such as internal memory management is not considered The areas covered here include e Acomparison of UNIX and AMOS file structures e Read write security e A list of common equivalent commands for the two operating systems While we assume you are a novice on UNIX or AMOS we also assume you are an experienced computer user and are familiar with terms such as disk files logging in and so on FILE STRUCTURE By file structure we mean how files are logically stored on the disk and how you access them not the internal data structure of a file which is normally hidden from the user and is not discussed here AMOS and UNIX arrange their files on the disk quite differently Each computer has a store of files In UNIX these files are arranged as the leaves on a tree of directories Each directory is a branch and may have both leaves files and smaller branches subdirectories com ing out from it Here s how the structure looks root KO usr bin a x fred Sue filel file2 K Ne file file3 Those of you familiar with MS DOS file structure probably r
10. graphics conven tions We hope these conventions simplify our examples and make them easier for you to use Unless stated otherwise all sample commands are assumed to be entered at AMOS command level AlphaTCP User s Guide Rev 09 Page iv SYMBOL filespec TEXT Text TEXT Text Parameter COMMAND command CTRL C Preface MEANING An AMOS file specification that identifies a specific file within an account A complete filespec for the local computer is made up of the device name the file name the file extension and the account number For example DSKO SYSTEM INI 1 4 A file specification may also consist of an ersatz name which specifies a particular disk account and a file name like this TCP NETLOG LST A file specification for a remote computer includes the host name of the re mote computer The exact format depends on the network protocol Appendix B describes AMOS and UNIX file structures Optional parts of a command appear in braces You can enter exactly what is in the braces or substitute the correct value if it s a parameter Do not in clude the braces For example DIR option indicates option is not required This bold typeface represents characters you type Since many AlphaTCP commands are case sensitive the text may be either upper or lower case Variable parts of the entry are in italics as noted below We use this bold italic type for variable parts of command examples
11. is telnet host port Host is the host name or internet address of the remote computer you want to connect to If you don t include a host you are put into TELNET command mode described below without being connected to another computer Port is an optional port number to connect to If you omit it you are connected to the standard TELNET port for the remote host For example this command begins a TELNET session and connects you to the remote computer with the host name herts telnet herts When you make a TELNET connection you see a message telling you which host you are connected to For example Trying 192 0 2 1 Connected to hertfordshire 192 0 2 1 Escape character is If you are connecting to an AMOS host with the server setup in its default mode TELNET now prompts you for the terminal type and memory size you want Here is an example AlphaTCP User s Guide Rev 09 Page 3 2 Chapter Three KKKKKKKKK Welcome to AMOS aaa KK KK Enter terminal type and memory required default 64k or a question mark for a list of supported terminals Example gt am62 100k gt AM62 AM62A TELTYP AM75 Example gt am62 100k gt am62a 200k Several server options exist which may change this process The login may have different memory de faults enforce a valid range rather than a default or welcome you with a different message The server may even be set up with a pre define
12. specification unix dbase_1l_old index 1 All slashes are converted to colons In our example unix dbase_1l1_old index 2 Everything through the last colon is stripped and used as the AMOS device specification Our example is now the ersatz device name unix and the file name dbase_1_old index When writing a file in FTP the ersatz device name is discarded Note that if there is no slash in the original UNIX specification there is no device name in the AMOS specification 3 If there is a left bracket it and everything after it up to a right bracket 7 if any is stripped and used as an account number When writing a file in FTP this part is discarded 4 If there are one or more periods in the remaining name the first three letters and or numbers after the last period are used as the file extension Any further characters are discarded The file name part of our example is now dbase_1_o1ld with the extension ind 5 Any non alphanumeric characters in the remaining name are used to fragment the name into up to six parts Our sample is now dbase 1 old 6 The AMOS file name can be only six characters long Starting from the right fragment one char acter at a time is taken from each part until six characters have been taken In our example three characters are taken from old one from 1 and two come from dbase 7 The characters from each fragment are taken from left to right to create the file name Our exam ple yields t
13. twisted pair wire cable and coaxial cable and different lower level protocols Ethernet or serial link It also allows communica tion between computers from different manufacturers IBM DEC SUN Apple and Alpha Micro to name a few that use different operating systems such as AMOS UNIX Microsoft Windows and MS DOS AlphaTCP is Alpha Micro s implementation of the TCP IP protocol suite TCP IP is an open non proprietary standard the most widely used non proprietary standard in the U S One advantage of using TCP IP is that many off the shelf TCP IP hardware networking products are available such as bridges and routers that allow you to bridge your AlphaTCP network to other types of networks such as Novell and token ring AlphaTCP is your ticket to the open standards world of open communication What Is TCP IP One of the most difficult problems system integrators and managers face is connecting different types of computers into a network and getting existing networks to talk to each other In an ideal world each computer would talk to all others no matter what operating system or processor was inside In the real world it seems as if every type of computer talks a little bit different language The bright spot in this otherwise dismal picture is the TCP IP protocol the common denominator that bridges the communication gap among a wide variety of minicomputers mainframes and PCs TCP IP Transmission Control Protoco
14. viewing 4 1 Noaccess on disk device 1 4 O open command in FTP 2 5 open command in TELNET 3 3 Opening an FTP session 2 5 Option settings for FTP 2 6 options command in TELNET 3 3 Options of FTP command 2 7 Options of TFTP command 2 10 Other documentation iii P Permission to read and write files 1 4 PING command 4 2 Printing to a local printer 3 4 prompt command in FTP 2 5 Prompt for FTP commands 2 1 Protocol definitions 1 4 put command in FTP 2 5 pwd command in FTP 2 5 0 quit command in FTP 2 6 quit command in TELNET 3 4 R Random file transfer 2 8 recv command in FTP 2 6 Remote printing 3 4 remotehelp command in FTP 2 6 Removing a directory with FTP 2 6 rename command in FTP 2 6 Restrictions on FTP command 2 2 rmdir command in FTP 2 6 runique command in FTP 2 6 2 14 RUPTIM command options 4 1 viewing network information 4 1 S Security AMOS and UNIX B 3 send command in FTP 2 6 Setting terminal type in TELNET 3 1 Page 3 Starting an FTP session 2 5 status command in FTP 2 6 status command in TELNET 3 4 sunique command in FTP 2 7 2 14 T TCP 1 1 TELDMP command 4 2 TELNET command 3 1 command 3 3 breaking a connection 3 3 bye command 3 3 close command 3 3 command mode 3 4 connect command 3 3 crmod command 3 3 displaying help 3 3 displaying help information 3 4 displaying status 3
15. with If you are familiar with the vari ants of TCP IP found on UNIX computers you will feel quite at home with AlphaTCP since it originated on those computers and the user interfaces are very similar The AlphaTCP User s Guide consists of Chapter 1 defines what AlphaTCP is and what it can do for you It also contains some back ground information Chapter 2 describes the file transfer commands FTP TFTP and URL Chapter 3 discusses TELNET which creates a virtual terminal connection It also covers MYLPR which you can use in some situations to print reports from a remote AMOS computer to your local printer Chapter 4 describes the information AlphaTCP commands RUPTIM PING FINGER and TELDMP Chapter 5 describes the AlphaTCP utilities UUE UUD and EMAIL Appendix A lists AlphaTCP error messages and gives solutions to some common difficulties Appendix B discusses and compares some of the basic concepts and features of the AMOS and UNIX operating systems The glossary defines some terms relating to AlphaTCP which you may not be familiar with If you are the person in charge of AlphaTCP at your installation you should also refer to the AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide That manual describes how to install and configure AlphaTCP Please read the current AlphaTCP Release Notes for late breaking information on this product GRAPHICS CONVENTIONS This manual conforms to other Alpha Micro publications in its use of a standard set of
16. BCDEFGHIJ KLMNOPQRSTU VWXYZ If the last character is a Z it is changed to a 0 and the second to last character is moved up one 3 These steps are repeated as necessary until a unique file specification is created For example the extension FF becomes FFO 009 becomes 00A and ACZ becomes ADO CONVERTING AMOS FILE NAMES TO UNIX All AMOS file names are also legal file names under UNIX However AMOS file names are not case sensitive and UNIX names are Since most UNIX file names are in lower case AMOS file names are converted to lower case when you transfer them to UNIX without specifying a destination file name For example the AMOS file SAMPLE becomes the UNIX file sample Chapter 3 The Virtual Terminal Connection This chapter covers TELNET the command you use to make a virtual terminal connection to a remote computer TELNET lets you log on to another computer from your terminal This is the only way you can use the remote computer s full screen editors such as vi UNIX or AlphaXED AMOS or application programs You specify your terminal type to the remote host and you can use all the commands available to any user on the remote computer At the end of this chapter there s a section on the MYLPR command which you can use while you re connected via TELNET to an AMOS computer using AlphaTCP MYLPR lets you print reports to your local printer from the AMOS computer you re connected to USING TELNET The format for TELNET
17. G character For example when you press CTRL C it appears on your screen as C C is the control character that cancels most programs and returns you to AMOS command level This Halt symbol indicates an important note you should read carefully be fore going further in the documentation Usually text next to this symbol contains instructions for something you must or must not do so read it care fully This Hint symbol indicates a helpful bit of information or a short cut that could save you time or trouble This Remember symbol indicates something you should keep in mind while following a set of instructions AR Chapter 1 Introduction WHAT IS ALPHATCP AND WHAT CAN IT DO FOR ME What s the weather like in Paris What s the exchange rate for the U S dollar in Tokyo When s the next space shuttle flight at Kennedy Space Center What s the current class schedule at Harvard Imagine being able to talk to and share information with a million different computers in over forty countries to ask questions like these and doing it from your own terminal Using AlphaTCP gives an Alpha Micro computer access to huge networks that span the globe AlphaTCP provides true multi user support to let you transfer files and mail messages between dissimi lar computers and networks and log onto a remote computer as a virtual terminal AlphaTCP allows di rect communication between networks that use different media phone line
18. NIX FILE NAMES TO AMOS When transferring UNIX files to AMOS file name conversion may be a problem The maximum length of a UNIX file name varies but is always at least 14 characters in almost any combination AMOS names are less flexible A full AMOS file specification contains four parts e An optional four character logical device name the last character must be a number or up to six character ersatz device name This part if it exists is followed by a colon e The file name of one to six letters and or numbers followed by a period e An optional extension of one to three letters and or numbers e An optional account number within brackets An account number consists of two octal numbers between 0 and 377 separated by a comma Also AMOS file specifications are not case sensitive Here is an example of a complete AMOS file specification DSKO SYSTAT LIT 1 4 AlphaTCP uses the following procedure to convert a UNIX file specification to an AMOS one It is com plex but is designed to create the most meaningful AMOS file name possible Page 2 12 Chapter Two Mg This algorithm is used only when you do not specify a destination file name when transferring a S file from UNIX to AMOS It is also used by a number of AlphaTCP servers The program FNU2A described in the Administration Guide performs the conversions on the screen for you The steps below outline the general procedure and describe the conversion of an example UNIX file
19. TURES Basic Concepts Host Names and Addresses Authorization Permissions A Note on Case Protocols CHAPTER 2 TRANSFERRING FILES FTP Commands Options Sample Transferring Random Access Files TFTP Options URL Format of a url Using urls With AMOS Using the URL Command CONVERTING UNIX FILE NAMES TO AMOS Creating Unique File Names CONVERTING AMOS FILE NAMES TO UNIX CHAPTER 3 THE VIRTUAL TERMINAL CONNECTION USING TELNET Ending a TELNET Session TELNET Command Mode Multiple TELNET Connections REMOTE printing with MYLPR AlphaTCP User s Guide Rev 09 iii 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 4 1 4 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 6 2 7 2 7 2 9 2 9 2 9 2 10 2 10 2 11 2 13 2 13 3 1 3 1 3 2 3 4 3 4 Page ii CHAPTER 4 INFORMATION COMMANDS RUPTIM The RUPTIM Display PING TELDMP FINGER CHAPTER 5 UTILITIES UUE UUD EMAIL Blind Copy Attachments APPENDIX A ERROR MESSAGES APPENDIX B AMOS UNIX COMPARISON FILE STRUCTURE File Names READ WRITE SECURITY UNIX AMOS GLOSSARY DOCUMENT HISTORY INDEX Table of Contents 4 1 4 1 4 1 4 2 4 2 4 3 B 1 B 1 B 2 B 3 B 3 B 3 AlphaTCP User s Guide Rev 09 PREFACE This guide describes the commands and utilities provided by AlphaTCP These commands let you trans fer files between hosts and carry out tasks on other computers You can also display information about who is using the network and which hosts you can communicate
20. This S gt user information is not shown on AMOS Also ruptime will not show user information for any AMOS hosts on the network The number of users is not significant under AMOS in the same way it is on UNIX PING PING checks whether a host is operational It sends ICMP ECHO packets to the host listens for ECHO REPLY packets and prints the number of packets transmitted and received Each received packet is vali dated against the transmitted message Four ECHO packets containing 64 bytes of data a periodic se quence of upper case letters are transmitted PING s syntax is PING host host Host is the internet address or host name of the computer you are checking For example PING ADMIN sends echo packets to the host admin PING s display looks like this Pinging host admin 79 0 0 5 Host admin replied to all 4 of the 4 Pings The message may show the host replied to 3 out of 4 pings for example If the host is down it won t re ply to any of the pings One PING command can check several hosts For example PING ADMIN SALES SUPPORT checks the hosts ADMIN SALES and SUPPORT Only one PING may run at a time IP permits only one such opened ICMP device 4 If PING seems to hang press C This will display the number of properly echoed packets if any TELDMP TELDMP displays information about incoming TELNET connections including the process id pid the job name and the remote IP address and
21. a unique address The high order bytes are usually manufacturer specific Certain reserved addresses have special meaning An all ones address is a broadcast received by all stations A device which interconnects two networks at the IP level Internet Control Message Protocol RFC 792 used by gateways and hosts A 32 bit address used to identify nodes on the network which use the Internet Protocol Internet Protocol RFC 791 The lower level of the ARPA protocols An on going handshaking that maintains a connection between hosts A Local Area Network in which several hosts and devices are located near each other are connected physically by cables Typically these cables are Ethernet coaxial cables The Line Printer protocol is used to transfer print data to a host with a printer attached AlphaTCP supports the client side of the Line Printer protocol A unit of information containing a header with addresses and handling informa AlphaTCP User s Guide Rev 09 Page 2 RWHO RUPTIME SLIP SMTP TCP TELNET TFTP UDP Glossary tion and a message Longer messages can be split up into several different pack ets and sent separately A Request for Comment discussion document produced by interested parties which may be adopted as a standard Berkeley protocol used to transmit UPTIME over UDP Serial Line Internet Protocol Allows use of TCP IP protocols over serial con nections such as phone lines T
22. alpha micro alpha micro alpha micro alpha micro alpha micro alpha micro alpha micro alpha micro alpha micro alpha micro alpha micro AlphaTCP User s Guide 2008 Alpha Microsystems REVISIONS INCORPORATED REVISION DATE 00 April 1993 01 January 1994 02 February 1995 03 July 1995 04 September 1996 05 October 1997 06 June 1998 07 March 1999 08 September 1999 09 April 2008 AlphaTCP User s Guide To re order this document request part number DSO 00181 00 This document applies to AlphaTCP version 1 5B and later The information contained in this manual is believed to be accurate and reliable However no responsi bility for the accuracy completeness or use of this information is assumed by Alpha Microsystems The following are registered trademarks of Alpha Microsystems Irvine CA 92614 AMOS Alpha Micro Alpha Micro AlphaACCOUNTING AlphaBASIC AlphaCALC AlphaFORTRAN 77 AlphaLAN AlphaWRITE inSight am AlphaRJE The following are trademarks of Alpha Microsystems Irvine CA 92614 AlphaBASIC PLUS AlphaVUE AMPC AMTEC AlphaDDE AlphaConnect DART AlphaMAIL AlphaNET ESP MULTI All other copyrights and trademarks are the property of their respective holders ALPHA MICROSYSTEMS 17534 Von Karman Irvine CA 92614 DSM 00181 09 Table of Contents PREFACE Graphics Conventions CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION WHAT IS ALPHATCP AND WHAT CAN IT DO FOR ME What Is TCP IP What Is the Internet AlphaTCP FEA
23. ands developed for UNIX they are case sensitive as are all commands and file names you enter while connected to a remote UNIX computer Be careful to use the correct case while working with AlphaTCP Also see Chapter 2 for a discussion of case translation when you re copying files between UNIX and AMOS Protocols AlphaTCP is based on the TCP IP family of protocols Within the software network protocols provide rules for the structure of the packets transported across the network including header and data format Addresses and control information are included The suite of TCP IP protocols lets user programs estab lish use and end sequenced error free connections A brief overview of these protocols is given in the AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide This is background information you don t need to know it to use AlphaTCP AlphaTCP User s Guide Rev 09 Chapter 2 Transferring Files This chapter describes the three ways you can transfer files between your computer and a remote host using AlphaTCP The three file transfer commands are e FTP the file transfer command It includes several other options in addition to simple file trans fers e TFTP the trivial file transfer command TFTP is easier to use than FTP but it is less powerful and offers fewer options e URL This command lets you retrieve a file from a remote computer by specifying its URL You cannot use it to transfer files from your computer to a remote comp
24. ation such as the address of the host which sent the packet Ethernet addresses are 48 bit hexadecimal numbers and are unique for each computer in the world Apart from networks which send data out through Ethernet boards different types of networks may be available such as SLIP X 25 or Token Ring To cope with these networks which may have many dupli cate addresses worldwide TCP IP uses two other ways to identify a device on a network by its internet address or by its host name An internet address consists of four decimal integers separated by three periods For example 27 3 0 129 could be an internet address The internet address finds a device in relation to the inter net which is the theoretical network consisting of all TCP IP networks Each computer has a unique internet address computers which are attached to more than one network have different internet ad dresses for each connection The AlphaTCP command ARP shows you how internet addresses are re lated to Ethernet addresses on your own network Host names are the easiest way to specify a device For example the computer with the internet address 27 3 0 129 might have the host name admin AlphaTCP host names are local to your own host com puter and are assigned by the Network Administrator All AlphaTCP commands understand host names The relationship between the two kinds of addresses and host names is illustrated in this diagram gt Internet address gt Ethernet addr
25. conversion algorithm You can specify a dash instead of a local file name when using get This copies to your standard out put which usually means it prints on your terminal instead of to a file In the default ASCII mode any necessary character conversions to and from the network standard char acter set are done This mode should be used when transferring text files AlphaTCP User s Guide Rev 09 Transferring Files Page 2 9 Options If the file being transferred contains binary data such as compiled program code include the i option The s option suppresses screen output This is useful when the command is to be run in a command file URL The URL command lets you retrieve a file from a remote system by specifying its Universal Resource Locator or url The url is the familiar notation used to specify World Wide Web pages such as www alphamicro com oldocs To avoid confusion when talking about the URL command we II use all capital letters when talking about the Universal Resource Locator of a file on the Internet we ll use lower case ital ics url urls can refer not only to web pages but also to text or binary files at an FTP site AlphaTCP s URL feature can retrieve any of these file types using either HTTP HyperText Transfer Protocol or FTP protocol as appropriate When using FTP URL supports wildcards and can transfer contiguous files from another AMOS computer To use URL the TAMED server mus
26. d terminal type or directly enter an application bypassing the sys tem login completely If this is the case you may want to ask your system operator for help This section assumes the server is set up for its default mode of operation Once you are connected you see the remote computer s normal login prompt You are now in TELNET input mode In input mode whatever you type is sent directly to the remote host You can now log on and use the computer as if you were a local user Some computers let you log off and log on again later with out breaking the TELNET session Other computers including AMOS hosts are set up to close the TELNET session when you log off If TELNET automatically starts an application when you connect as mentioned above it will close the session as soon as you leave the application While you are in input mode you can enter TELNET command mode by pressing the currently defined escape character In the example above this is CTRL Ending a TELNET Session As mentioned above some computers break the TELNET connection when you log off or leave the ap plication On others you may end the TELNET session by entering TELNET command mode and using the quit or bye command 4 The easiest way to disconnect from an AMOS system is to type logoff TELNET Command Mode If you use TELNET without arguments you enter command mode You can also enter command mode by pressing the TELNET escape character whi
27. d user count The new connection would exceed your AMOS license Increase your AMOS license or reduce the pre allocated TRMDEF statements in your system initialization file This can be done by re moving TRMDEF statements for hardware ports or reducing the VTSER pre allocated terminal definitions TRMDEF n AlphaTCP User s Guide Rev 09 Error Messages Page A 3 Failed to unlink workfile For some reason FTP could not get a directory listing of the requested files from the remote host to the local computer GATE Table alloc error Not enough memory was available to print out the routing table GATE Table read error A problem occurred with the IP driver between requesting to read the routing table and reading it ICMP Protocol already in use PING is being executed by another user Try again in a few seconds IDV not set up system error You should not see this error message Contact your VAR with information about this error Invalid command Check the documentation or use help or remotehelp to see a list of commands Login failed or Login Incorrect The name and password information entered for the account on the remote computer is invalid If you re sure you typed the name correctly check with your Network Administrator to see why the name isn t valid Memory request exceeds upper limit The amount of memory you requested exceeds the amount specified as the upper limit for the server Request les
28. ecognize this About the only dif ference between UNIX and DOS in this area is that UNIX uses slashes in path names and DOS uses backslashes AlphaTCP User s Guide Rev 09 Page B 2 Appendix B Here root usr bin fred and sue are directories file1 file2 and file3 are files Each file is uniquely identified by its pathname A pathname is the path you follow to get from the root directory to a particu lar directory For example the pathname for file2 is usr fred file2 There are two files with the name file1 They are differentiated by their pathnames file1 in the directory fred has the pathname usr fred file1 The other file1 has the pathname bin file1 When Fred logs on he sees the files in the directory usr fred This is called his home directory or working directory and is his default directory All UNIX users have directories with their user names UNIX assumes that when Fred asks for file2 while he s in this directory he means usr fred file2 so doesn t need to use the pathname However if Fred moves to another directory he needs to use the full pathname to reach file2 Under AMOS files are arranged on disks in numbered accounts instead of named directory paths Each account has a two part number and account numbers are normally shown in brackets like this 10 7 Each part of the account number is an octal number between 0 and 377 the first part cannot be 0 and the second cannot be 377 Each user can
29. ection The remote FTP server timed out the connection because an FTP command was not received in the time it was expected Timeout occurred The data connection was not properly closed down AlphaTCP User s Guide Rev 09 Error Messages Page A 5 t_look returned error The data connection was not properly closed down owing to the event described Try again later A new process could not be created host unknown host The host doesn t have an entry in the TCP HOSTS file Check the host name you entered for er rors if it looks correct contact your Network Administrator MODE unknown mode The data transfer mode specified is invalid or not supported Unknown startup failure encountered There is a mismatch between the TCPEMU and TELNED programs Verify both are from the same release of AlphaTCP User user can t change directory to directory The default directory for the specified user does not exist User user cannot login The specified user is forbidden from using FTP on the remote host by the System Administrator Try again using a permitted login on the remote host User user unknown The user does not have an account on the remote host Make sure you typed the user name cor rectly or try again using a different login Appendix B AMOS UNIX Comparison AlphaTCP lets AMOS computers and computers running UNIX talk to each other and share information Since it has not been possible to do this easily
30. er If the remote host is an AMOS computer this command has no effect mput local files Transfers local files from the current local directory to the current working directory on the re mote computer If prompting is on you must respond to a prompt before each file is transferred File names are converted as necessary for the remote operating system as described at the end of this chapter open host port number Connects you to the specified host FTP server If you include port number FTP tries to contact an FTP server at that port If the auto login option is on this is the default FTP also tries to log you on to the FTP server see the user command below AlphaTCP User s Guide Rev 09 Transferring Files Page 2 5 prompt Toggles interactive prompting Interactive prompting lets you selectively send or retrieve files during multiple file transfers If prompting is off any mget or mput transfers all files By de fault prompting is on put local file remote file Copies local file to the remote computer If you don t include remote file the local file name is used in naming the remote file See the end of this chapter for how file names are converted be tween UNIX and AMOS pwd Displays the name of the current working directory on the remote computer 4 Some remote servers may not support pwd If not use the xpwd command quit A synonym for bye recv remote file local file A synonym for
31. er by links sequential access files FTP may be used to transfer contiguous files How they are handled depends on each side of the connec tion The contiguous status of the file will only be preserved if transferring between two AMOS comput ers both of which are using AlphaTCP version 1 2 or later If transferring from AMOS to a non AlphaTCP computer the file will be translated into whatever standard native format exists on the desti nation computer If transferring between two AMOS AlphaTCP hosts if one of the computers is using a version of AlphaTCP earlier than 1 2 the contiguous file will be converted to a sequential access file Page 2 8 Chapter Two TFTP The TFTP command is the user interface to the internet standard Trivial File Transfer Protocol It lets you transfer one file at a time between hosts without providing a password It doesn t verify you are a valid user and only transfers files readable by anyone to accounts or directories writeable by anyone Its syntax is tftp i s host put local fil remote file or tftp i s host get remote file local file host is the name or internet address of the host you want to copy from or to If you are copying from the local computer to the remote host specify put Specify get to copy a file from the remote host to your local computer local file and remote file are the file specifications on the local computer and remote host respective
32. es will be written to This may be useful if you need to handle error recovery from a program Upon success this file will contain the phrase Message sent messagefile must begin with the following header The remainder of the file may contain the body of the message Sender s Address Reply To Address usually same as Sender s Address Subject Recipient 1 Recipient 2 Recipient 3 blank line Body of Message The following example would be typical of messagefile engineering widget com engineering widget com The new widget prototypes are ready tester widgetworld org testers worldowidgets com The new batch of vivid blue widgets is ready to be tested Please do not mix with your prototype olive drab widgets as it could look quite tacky Blind Copy Any of the recipients may be sent a copy of the message without appearing to the others This done by appending B to the end of their address For example if one of the recipients is myboss widget com b the To lost viewed by other recipients will not contain myboss even though a copy was sent to my boss Attachments Attachments may be included in the body of a message using the following line Sattach filespec R U R ROT13 a simple text file encoding U UUENCODE an older binary file encoding Text files may be included without any encoding Binary files must always have some form of encoding When MIME support is not speci
33. ess K On very large Internet installations host names are translated by many name server computers P gt Various parts of the name are assigned by different Internet authorities Page 1 4 Chapter One Authorization Permissions In general you can only access files you have permission to access On UNIX for example you can set a file s permissions to owner group or other In addition a distinction is made between permission to read a file and permission to write it Having write permission on a file lets you change its contents A typical document file for example might have write permission for the owner and read permission for others anyone is allowed to read or copy the file but only the owner may alter it To access an AMOS file across the network the file must be on a disk device which allows network ac cess If the device is set to noaccess no network facilities can read from or write to it Most AlphaTCP commands require you to have at least read permission on a file you access In addition AlphaTCP commands need to be able to find your local computer and user name but the Network Ad ministrator usually sees to this See Appendix B for more information about file security under UNIX and AMOS A Note on Case In general most AMOS commands and file names are not case sensitive you can enter them using ei ther upper or lower case However since the commands in AlphaTCP are based on comm
34. ess any information on the disk over a network connection Note that this stops FTP or TFTP file copies but does not prevent a TELNET user from accessing the device Since TELNET creates a virtual terminal connection a TELNET user looks just like a local user In the extended directory format AMOS also offers file level security Read write execute and de lete rename permission can be set separately for users in this directory users in other directories in this project local users in other projects users in the same network group and all other users The permis sions protections are set according to the user s defaults when the file is created User defaults are estab lished with the MUSER command See the AMOS Monitor Calls Manual for more information EQUIVALENT COMMAND LIST The following list shows some of the more common commands in both UNIX and AMOS It gives only the command names not their formats or any options Some of the commands listed have more than one function depending on the format you use AMOS UNIX COMMAND COMMAND DIR Lists files in the current account AMOS or directory UNIX Invokes standard full screen text editor Shows the users currently logged on the computer STAT also shows the current activity of each job user DESCRIPTION Lets you log to a different account or directory LOG also lets you log onto the computer when you are logged off Displays the account or directory path you
35. example if you tried to change the escape character to for the host B to host C connec tion instead of the A to B connection either or would return you from host C directly to host A REMOTE PRINTING WITH MYLPR As discussed in the AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide AMOS computers using AlphaTCP can define a dynamic printer Basically this means there is a printer name defined to be used by AlphaTCP but there is no actual printer with that name Instead anyone attaching to the AMOS computer via TELNET can use the MYLPR command to temporarily define his or her local printer using that name That way you can attach to an AMOS computer print a report from AMOS to your local printer and log off Then someone else anywhere in the world can do the same thing using the same printer name MYLPR even works with printers connected via dynamic IP dialup accounts which have temporary addresses To assign an AMOS dynamic printer to your local printer first make a TELNET connection to the AMOS host Then use the MYLPR command from AMOS command level The format is MYLPR printer Printer is the device name assigned to the printer when it was defined on the AMOS host Mg You must use the device name from the printer or spooler initialization file not the printer name These are often but not always the same You may need to look at the printer s initialization file to determine the device name if the system operator of the remote com
36. fied you must encode all binary files with U uuencode AlphaTCP User s Guide Rev 09 Utilities Page 5 3 If you specify MIME support the file extension will be searched for in LIB MIME TYP Files listed as 7bit will be included without encoding All other files will be encoded with MIME Base64 encoding You may override this behavior by specifying one of the above encoding switches instead Appendix A Error Messages This section explains the error messages that may appear when you are using AlphaTCP Suggested so lutions are given where possible When there is no suggested solution or you cannot solve the problem talk to your Network Administrator In addition to the messages listed here you may see messages listing an AlphaTCP utility name and a reason the utility failed See your Network Administrator for help with these messages Already connected to host You tried to connect to somebody while you were already connected to the listed host Discon nect and try again Ambiguous command You used a short version of a command with more than one interpretation Try again with a more complete command ARP table alloc error There is insufficient memory to dump the ARP table Wait a few seconds and try again Bad directory components The specified directory does not exist on the remote host number bad port number You ve specified a bad port number when trying to make a connection Either check the port numbe
37. for the output file You can send the file to the screen by using TRM as the outputfile or to a printer by using TRMO pname or TLPO pname AlphaTCP User s Guide Rev 09 Transferring Files Page 2 11 Proto is optional and may be either http or ftp The default is http Some systems run their web or FTP servers on non standard port numbers The optional port specifica tion is the standard method used in a url to override the port number Assuming the login orders exists with the password opwd and the proper privileges this example retrieves all ORD files from the login account on the remote system sales widget com Each file trans ferred is deleted on the remote host URL k l orders p opwd ftp sales widget com ord Since the files are in this login s default account the login does not need to be able to change directories You could use this example to retrieve all of the terminal drivers from another AMOS system URL l admin p admpwd ftp template widget com dvr tdv This example retrieves a particular file from a well known World Wide Web page URL support microsoft com support kb articles q677 htm This example shows an HTTP query url query submitted using GET method URL smtpgw alphamicro com basic demo optional file userquery This example shows an HTTP query url query submitted using POST method URL smtpgw alphamicro com basic demo optional file userquery CONVERTING U
38. get remotehelp command Requests a help display about command from the remote FTP server If you don t include a command it displays the commands supported through FTP on the remote computer rename remote file new name Renames the remote file to the new name rmdir directory Deletes the specified directory on the remote host If the remote host is an AMOS computer this command has no effect runique Specifies files received will have unique names See the section Creating Unique File Names later in this chapter for how the unique names are created on AMOS computers send local file remote file A synonym for put status Displays the current status of FTP This example shows the default settings Connected to Admin Type ascii Verbose on Bell off Prompting on Debugging off Hash mark printing off Store unique off Receive unique off Page 2 6 Chapter Two sunique Specifies files sent will have unique names Not all remote hosts support this feature If it isn t supported you will see an error message when you invoke FTP with sunique on In this case turn this option off and be sure to specify a destination file name when sending files to the re mote host type type name Sets file transfer type to type name which may be ASCII binary tenex or image If you omit the type name it displays the current type The default is ASCH When transferring ASCII files it is important to ha
39. get command 2 5 mkdir command 2 5 mput command 2 5 open command 2 5 prompt 2 1 prompt command 2 5 put command 2 5 pwd command 2 5 quit command 2 6 read and write restrictions 2 2 recv command 2 6 remotehelp 2 6 removing a directory 2 6 rename command 2 6 renaming files 2 6 rmdir command 2 6 runique command 2 6 rungiue command 2 14 sample 2 8 send command 2 6 Index setting file types 2 7 specifying unique file names 2 6 2 7 2 14 status command 2 6 sunique command 2 7 2 14 type command 2 7 user command 2 7 user names 2 7 verbose 2 7 viewing settings 2 6 FTP LOG file 2 5 G get command in FTP 2 4 Graphics conventions iii H hash command in FTP 2 4 help command in FTP 2 4 help command in TELNET 3 3 Help information in FTP 2 4 2 6 2 7 Help information in TELNET 3 3 3 4 Host 1 3 address 1 3 names 1 2 1 3 Host status checking 4 2 I Image files in FTP 2 7 Internet addresses 1 3 L Icd command in FTP 2 4 Listing incoming connections 4 2 literal command in FTP 2 4 Local printing 3 4 ls command in FTP 2 4 M Making a virtual terminal connection 3 1 mdelete command in FTP 2 4 Messages A 1 mget command in FTP 2 5 mkdir command in FTP 2 5 mput command in FTP 2 5 MYLPR command 3 4 AlphaTCP User s Guide Rev 09 Index N Network access to AMOS files 1 4 Network information
40. gging is off dir remote dir local file Lists the directory of remote dir and puts the output in local file If you omit remote dir the cur rent working directory on the remote host is used If you omit local file output is displayed on the terminal get remote file local file Copies remote file to the local computer If you don t include local file the file is given the same name it has on the remote computer If the remote file name is not legal for the local computer the file name is converted as necessary See the end of this chapter for details hash Toggles whether a hash sign is printed with each data block transferred When you turn hash on it displays the size of a data block By default hash mark printing is off help command Prints an informative message about the meaning of command If you don t include a command FTP lists all known commands Page 2 4 Chapter Two led directory Changes the working directory on the local computer If you don t specify a directory the home directory is used On an AMOS computer you must include directory which can be a user name an ersatz device or an account in the format devn literal argl arg2 The specified arguments arg1 etc are sent verbatim to the remote FTP server A single FTP reply code is expected in return You can use the remotehelp command to see the commands supported on the remote computer ls remote dir local fi
41. group to vegetarian recipes to world economic policy You can pick up shareware college class schedules and reviews on the newest restaurants in Boston Using AlphaTCP and an electronic mail package on your Alpha Micro computer you can send a mail message to someone across the world Getting onto the Internet is as simple as connecting to a network that has access to it The hard part is finding out which of the thousands of information servers you are interested in Entire books are avail able containing information on what Internet services are available and how to get to them The Internet has several information servers used just for searching for other information servers For example Inter net programs archie gopher and WAIS allow you to catalog and explore the vast archives of informa tion available on the Internet WWW World Wide Web provides access to the vast wealth of the Inter net using hypertext much like using Windows on line help ALPHATCP FEATURES AlphaTCP gives you four basic network capabilities remote login also called a virtual terminal connec tion which lets you log on to another host file transfer connections you can choose from three types of file transfer electronic mail and network printer access Other commands let you display information relevant to these operations For example you can see which hosts are available and how long they have been up This manual discusses AlphaTCP as a way to connec
42. he Simple Mail Transfer Protocol is used to pass electronic mail messages between hosts Transmission Control Protocol RFC 793 Used to provide a transport service in the ARPA protocol set The ARPA application level protocol RFC 854 RFC 855 A bi directional byte oriented communications protocol Trivial File Transfer Protocol RFC 783 This is used to receive or send an ASCII or binary code image User Datagram Protocol RFC 768 This provides a datagram service over the Internet Protocol AlphaTCP User s Guide Rev 09 REVISION 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 RELEASE 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 4 1 4A 1 5 1 5B DATE 4 93 1 94 2 95 7 195 9 96 8 97 6 98 3 99 9 99 4 08 AlphaTCP User s Guide Rev 09 Document History DESCRIPTION New document for AlphaTCP 1 0 adapted from Spider TCP documentation Revised for AlphaTCP 1 1 Added TELDMP command op tion for TELNET Various other small changes Revised for AlphaTCP 1 2 Added information on random file transfer Revised for AlphaTCP 1 3 Added new features and enhance ments Revised for AlphaTCP 1 3B Added new FTP switch and FINGER command Revised for AlphaTCP 1 4 Added MYLPR command to Chapter 3 Added URL command to Chapter 2 Added EMAIL utility command and Attachments Added EMAIL blind copy feature Added EMAIL R switch command in TELNET 3 3 A Address Ethernet 1 3 interne
43. he name db1lold The complete AMOS file specification from the example is UNIX DB1OLD IND Remember AMOS file names are not case sensitive If you are writing this file with FTP the UNIX is ignored and the file DBI1OLD IND is written to the current disk account In FTP if the device and account are omitted the default is the account you are currently logged into With TFTP you are not logged to any account so you must always give a destination ac count Here are some more samples of file name conversion These examples do not include device names or account numbers UNIX FILE NAME AMOS FILE NAME big_filename BIGFIL Big_file_name BIFINA File_one exten FILONE EXT file a_b_c_de FILE ABC AlphaTCP User s Guide Rev 09 Transferring Files Page 2 13 Creating Unique File Names When copying a file to AMOS using the FTP server you can specify sunique on or runique on if re ceiving a file from a remote computer This causes the FTP server to look up the destination file name and if it already exists modify the incoming file s extension to create a unique file specification so no file is overwritten These options affect FTP only not TFTP ws This procedure is used to create a unique file extension 1 The first blank character in the extension is changed to 0 If no blank character exists go to step Zi 2 The last character in the extension is changed to the next higher character in this list 0123456789A
44. here are three types of permission e Write protection you can change or add to the file e Read protection you can read or copy the file e Execution permission if the file is executable you can execute it The owner can allow or deny these three types of permission for three different groups of users the owner members of the owner s group of users user groups are set up by the system operator when the users are established and everyone else For example a file could be set so only its owner can write to it only the owner and users in the same group can read it and anyone on the computer can execute it These permissions and protections are set and changed using the chmod command AMOS Like UNIX AMOS requires a user name and optionally a password to gain access to the computer But AMOS can include another level of password security Accounts can also be given passwords Thus even if someone finds out or guesses a user s password they won t be able to log to a specific account unless they also know the password for the account Sensitive accounts should always be given pass words especially in networked installations where it is difficult to control computer access Page B 4 Appendix B Another AMOS security feature applies only to networked computers You can set any logical disk de vice to noaccess Setting a device to noaccess doesn t affect local users they can still access files on the disk But no one can acc
45. l Internet Protocol was developed by the U S Department of De fense as a set of rules spelling out how dissimilar computers can exchange data That s what a protocol is tules on how to transmit and receive data Because it is used on such a wide variety of networks and computers in the U S TCP IP has become the standard protocol for linking computers and networks that normally could not talk to each other The TCP layer of the protocol provides reliable service to applications IP is the layer that handles trans fer of information between networks AlphaTCP User s Guide Rev 09 Page 1 2 Chapter One Because much of the research and development of TCP IP was done on UNIX computers TCP IP has become known as the ticket to communicating with UNIX computers However many other types of computers such as those using DOS MVS or VMS also use TCP IP What Is the Internet Any network that consists of multiple networks is called an internet However Internet with a capital T refers specifically to a huge world wide collection of networks that use TCP IP The Internet consists of almost a million computers all using TCP IP The computers that use Internet reside in universities military installations research institutions and every day sorts of places like Alpha Micro Thousands of databases and bulletin boards exist on the Internet Special interest groups exchange infor mation on topics ranging from the latest music
46. le Prints an abbreviated list of a directory from the remote computer If you don t include remote dir the current working directory is used If you omit local file the output displays on the termi nal Also you may use the standard switches available for the UNIX Is command If you want to use both switches and a remote dir you must enclose them in quotes so they are both passed as arguments to the remote computer For example 1s la subdir1 If you don t do this remote dir is interpreted as local file mdelete remote files Deletes the specified remote files on the remote computer If prompting is on you must respond to a prompt before each file is deleted mget remote files Copies remote files from the remote computer to the current local directory If prompting is on you must respond to a prompt before each file is transferred File names are converted as neces sary for the local operating system as described at the end of this chapter When you use mget FTP creates a file called FTP LOG in your current account This file con tains all the file name conversions performed You can look at this file to see what the transferred files are called on the local computer If you do not want this file created or you have trouble running out of memory transferring large numbers of files you may disable this feature using the l switch mkdir directory name Creates a directory named directory name on the remote comput
47. le you are in input mode Command mode is indicated by the prompt telnet gt In command mode you can use the commands listed below You can use the shortest unique form of each command The TELNET commands are AlphaTCP User s Guide Rev 09 The Virtual Terminal Connection Page 3 3 command Runs the specified command on the local computer Ag You cannot use to run any command such as MONGEN which loads a module in user memory S and leaves it there when finished bye Synonym for quit close Closes a TELNET session and returns to command mode unless TELNET was executed with a host specified on the command line in which case it exits connect Synonym for open crmod Toggles carriage return mode When this mode is on any carriage return characters received from the remote host are mapped into a carriage return and a line feed This mode does not affect characters you type only those received This mode is not very useful but is required for some hosts that ask the user to do local echoing escape Prompts for and sets anew TELNET escape character See the section on multiple TELNET connections below help command Displays helpful information about command or a help summary if command is not specified open host port Opens a connection to host If you don t include a port number TELNET tries to contact a TELNET server at the default port The host specification may be either a host name or a
48. ly For security reasons many computers with TCP IP choose not to enable TFTP so it may not be Y available for all remote hosts See the AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide for a discussion of the security concerns of TFTP UNIX files you are copying to or from must be writeable or readable by anyone in order to be used with TFTP See Appendix B for a discussion of security features Here is an example tftp admin get users mine sales txt sell it This copies the file users mine sales txt stored on the host admin to the file SELL IT in the current account on the local computer assuming the local computer is running AMOS After a successful trans fer TFTP displays how much data was transferred If you don t specify a new file name the file is copied with its original name An AMOS device name or ersatz name can be specified on UNIX computers as a path prefix and the server on AMOS translates it to a device or ersatz reference UNIX does not understand a device name if you end it with a colon For example if you are on a UNIX computer and want to transfer the file x c from the current directory to the SYS account on an AMOS host called admin the command to use is tftp admin put x c sys x c AI Generally you should specify the full path names of the files you are transferring If the file will SS be created on AMOS and you don t specify a name the name will be truncated to fit AMOS con ventions see the next section for the
49. mand line There are also FTP commands which let you set all of these options AlphaTCP User s Guide Rev 09 Transferring Files Page 2 7 b Forces the session to begin in binary mode d Turns on debugging h Turns on hash mark printing i Turns off interactive prompting during multiple file transfers 1 Turns off the local transfer log file n Suppresses auto login on initial connection u Enables both sunique and runique v Turns off verbose mode Sample For example a typical FTP session may look like this ftp yoursys Trying 1T92 0 241 00 220 yoursys FTP server ready User yoursys myname 331 Password required for myname Password 230 User myname logged in ftp gt type image 200 type set to I ftp gt get oldunix olduni xxx file oldunix received as olduni xxx 200 PORT command okay 150 Opening data connection for oldunix 192 45 18 1 1060 1050247 bytes 226 Transfer complete 1050247 bytes received in 31 seconds 33 08 Kbytes sec ftp gt quit 221 Goodbye My If your computer is using the Domain Name Service DNS protocol FTP will try all addresses S returned for the specified name until it finds one that responds Transferring Random Access Files On AMOS files may either be arranged on the disk so that all blocks are next to one another these are called contiguous or random access files or may be arranged so that blocks are scattered on the disk but tied togeth
50. n inter net address options Toggles viewing of TELNET options processing When option viewing is on all TELNET op tion negotiations are displayed Options sent by TELNET are displayed as SENT while options received from the TELNET server are displayed as RCVD quit Closes any open TELNET session and exits TELNET status Displays the current status of TELNET including the host you are connected to and the state of debugging Synonym for help You can leave command mode and return to input mode in your current ses sion by pressing without entering a command at the telnet gt prompt Page 3 4 Chapter Three Multiple TELNET Connections If you want you can chain TELNET connections connecting from host A to host B then from host B to host C and so on When you do this if you want to be able to break the connections one at a time you must reset the TELNET escape character for all connections except the final one For example you connect from host A to host B Before connecting to host C use the escape command to change the escape character from to Then connect to host C Now if you press the default escape character it breaks the connection from host B to host C and you return to host B if how ever you press it breaks both connections and returns you directly from host C to host A You must redefine the escape key in this way using the default character for the last connection you make In our
51. nt files On AMOS a file name consists of a one to six character name a period and an optional one to three character extension Only letters and numbers are allowed and upper and lower case letters are consid ered the same For example test steve is a legal UNIX file name but would not be allowed under AMOS AlphaTCP User s Guide Rev 09 AMOS UNIX Comparison Page B 3 fr For the rules AlphaTCP uses when converting UNIX file names to AMOS see Chapter 2 READ WRITE SECURITY Since AlphaTCP has the potential of making your computer available to a large number of users if any host on your network has a modem attached a virtually unlimited number of users data security is an important consideration The security provided by the various AlphaTCP servers is described in the Al phaTCP Administrator s Guide This section deals in general terms with AMOS and UNIX file security features This section deals only with security provided by the operating system itself On both UNIX and AMOS application software may include further security measures UNIX The most basic security measure on UNIX is the same as on most multi user computers you must know a user name and password to log on to the computer In addition there is a file security system UNIX file security depends on the concept of file ownership In UNIX the user who creates a file owns it This means he or she can set the file permission flags for that file T
52. nvalid Protocol PING was unable to queue an ICMP Echo packet to the IP driver owing to an internal error in the driver ping Unknown IP Error number PING couldn t queue an ICMP Echo packet to the IP driver because of an internal error in the driver Please login with user and PASS The connection has been established to the remote host but you have not logged in Try again using a permitted login on the remote host Poll failed reason The data connection was not properly closed down owing to the described failure in the poll computer call Ran out of memory The remote host cannot allocate sufficient memory to do the requested command Try again in a few seconds If you continue to see this contact your System Administrator to acquire more memory Requested terminal type not supported The terminal driver you selected is not available Verify the name was entered properly You may need to add a terminal driver to the system and load it using TDVDEF in the system ini tialization file Ret ICMP type number not ECHO_REPLY A different ICMP type than ECHO_REPLY was received If number is 3 an ICMP Network Unreachable packet was received because one of the gateways on the route to the host was un able to forward the ICMP Echo packet Return msg type number not ICMP_RX An internal error in the IP driver occurred on reception of an incoming packet Timeout number seconds closing control conn
53. ore specific hosts are operational e TELDMP which displays the source of incoming TELNET sessions e FINGER which allows you to query remote host and user information Commands which give additional information about the setup and current state of the network are de scribed in the AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide RUPTIM RUPTIM tells you which hosts are available on the local network whether they are up or down and how long they have been in that state For UNIX computers you also see some load information The format for RUPTIM is RUPTIM option fr On UNIX computers the command name is ruptime The available options are 1 to sort the list by load average and t to sort the list by uptime If you include both options only the last one is used The RUPTIM Display Here is an example RUPTIM display herts up 14 08 06 lead 1226 0 50 006 beds up 10 16 53 load 0 51 0 34 1 16 lan up 48 04 01 glos up 24 18 54 load 1 06 1 44 0 50 fred up 17 02 19 The first number gives the length of time the computer has been up in days hours and minutes The three numbers following load are the average number of jobs in the run queue over the last minute last five minutes and last fifteen minutes This information may help you decide which host to use AlphaTCP User s Guide Rev 09 Page 4 2 Chapter Four ME The UNIX ruptime command also shows the number of users logged into each computer
54. port number If there are multiple servers connections are listed for each server TELDMP takes no arguments so the syntax is simply TELDMP TELDMP s display looks like this AlphaTCP User s Guide Rev 09 Information Commands Page 4 3 ALPHATCP VIRTUAL TERMINAL SESSIONS pid jobnam ipaddress port running username Virtual Terminal Service 26 TSKAAA 127 0 0 1 1052 STAT System Service FINGER The FINGER command queries remote systems about logged in users and other information Users on UNIX systems may choose to publish information about themselves which is then available via FINGER including their PGP public encryption keys FINGER has even been used to query soft drink machines to determine if they are out of the user s favorite selection FINGER is used as follows FINGER s f user host The s option requests the short form report This may be interpreted differently between FINGER servers In short it sends the query to the server without using W which may be required for some spe cialized services The user argument is optional Providing a user login name will query for that user only If you do not specify a user name the query should return login or general host information instead Chapter 5 Utilities This chapter describes the utility commands included with AlphaTCP UUE UUE is used to uuencode binary files The encoded file may then
55. puter hasn t given it to you Setting up printers under AMOS is described in the AMOS System Operator s Guide Once you ve assigned the dynamic printer name to your local printer you can print to it as you would any other AMOS printer When you re done printing be sure to release the printer name so others can use it To do so add the U option to MYLPR MYLPR printer U If you don t unassign the printer name using U it s possible someone else will print a report to the dynamic printer name and it will print on your printer Even worse if you are connected via a dynamic IP dialup account someone else will be assigned your previous address when you hang up In this case it s possible reports could be printed to a total stranger AlphaTCP User s Guide Rev 09 The Virtual Terminal Connection Page 3 5 AE MYLPR works only if the remote AMOS host has a dynamic printer name assigned You may not S be able to use MYLPR on all AMOS hosts In addition the system with the printer attached must be running an LPR server For instance if you are using a PC standard Microsoft printing does not support LPR directly and requires additional software Chapter 4 Information Commands This chapter describes four of the information and network status commands included with AlphaTCP The commands covered are e RUPTIM which shows the current status of all hosts on the local network e PING which lets you see whether one or m
56. r and try again or use the default port Bad Sequence of commands You are not using the FTP rename command properly Check your syntax and try again Cannot build data connection reason The remote computer could not establish a data connection to the local computer for the reason given The console of the remote host should give further diagnostics Based on the information try to correct the condition and try again Cannot determine current directory The remote host cannot determine what the current directory is during FTP Use the ed command to set the remote directory Can t create data socket address port The remote computer cannot create a socket with the above address and port number The con sole of the remote host should give further diagnostics Can t find list of remote files oops For some reason FTP could not get a directory listing of the requested files from the remote host to the local computer AlphaTCP User s Guide Rev 09 Page A 2 Appendix A Can t set guest privileges You tried to login as guest and the remote host is unable to set up the required environment be cause the default directory for the guest account does not exist Child process closed The remote FTP server timed out the connection because it failed to read an FTP command The connection should be closed with an FTP CLOSE command Command not implemented or Command not understood Enter help or for a list of available commands
57. s memory or increase the upper limit specified on the server startup line The network is down The networking software is not running on the local computer Network Unreachable There is no route to the network containing the host you wish to contact No control connection for command There is no control connection to pass the command to the remote host Use the open command to establish a connection with the host No memory available for connection There is no more memory available for connections Increase the SMEM statement in the system initialization command file No more job allocations available There are insufficient job table entries defined Increase the JOBS statement number in the sys tem initialization command file file not a plain file You tried to retrieve a file which is either a directory or a special device Use a real file name You also receive this message if you try to get a random file from AMOS via TFTP or via FTP if you are not in binary mode Page A 4 Appendix A Not Connected There is no connection to the remote host Use the open command to establish a connection Out of memory There is insufficient memory for the data structures required to do the transfer Try again in a few seconds If you continue to see this contact your System Administrator about acquiring more memory ping getmsg reason ping putmsg reason PING was unable to access the IP driver for the reason stated ping I
58. t 1 3 AMOS command list B 4 compared to UNIX B 1 file structure B 1 security B 3 append command in FTP 2 3 ARP command 1 3 ASCII file in FTP 2 7 B Beginning an FTP session 2 5 bell command in FTP 2 3 Binary files in FTP 2 7 in TFTP 2 10 Breaking a TELNET connection 3 3 Breaking an FTP connection 2 3 bye command in FTP 2 3 bye command in TELNET 3 3 C Case sensitivity of AlphaTCP commands 1 4 cd command in FTP 2 3 Checking remote host status 4 2 close command in FTP 2 3 close command in TELNET 3 3 connect command in TELNET 3 3 Connections listing 4 2 Contiguous file transfer 2 8 Conventions used in this book iii Converting UNIX AMOS file names 2 12 2 14 Copying files 2 1 2 2 contiguous 2 8 name conversion 2 12 2 14 with FTP 2 4 2 5 2 6 AlphaTCP User s Guide Rev 09 INDEX with TFTP 2 9 Copying files with FTP 2 6 crmod command in TELNET 3 3 D debug command in FTP 2 3 Default settings for FTP 2 6 delete command in FTP 2 3 Deleting a directory with FTP 2 6 Deleting files with FTP 2 4 dir command in FTP 2 3 Directory changing during FTP 2 3 2 4 creating with FTP 2 5 displaying remote directory 2 5 listing with FTP 2 3 2 4 removing with FTP 2 6 Displaying help during FTP 2 6 Displaying help in FTP 2 4 2 7 Displaying help in TELNET 3 3 Displaying help information in TELNET 3 4 Displaying TELNET status 3
59. t AMOS and UNIX computers While TCP IP S is widely used on UNIX computers AlphaTCP lets you connect an AMOS computer to any com puter which supports TCP IP regardless of its operating system BASIC CONCEPTS This section is a general introduction to some features of networking you should understand For exam ple it is helpful to be clear about the use of host names so you know which users are on the same com puter On the other hand to use the networking facilities you don t need to know how the protocols work If you aren t familiar with either AMOS or UNIX some of the basic concepts of these two oper ating systems are discussed in Appendix B AlphaTCP User s Guide Rev 09 Introduction Page 1 3 Host Names and Addresses The computers joined by the physical link are usually known as hosts Each host has a unique number associated with it which together with the number of the network makes up its address Data on the network carries either the address of a specific host or a broadcast address which sends it to all the hosts on the network A large number of hosts may be supported on one network For example the limit for an Ethernet network is 1024 stations For those of you familiar with the seven layer model for networking software this guide deals with the Presentation and Application layers When data is transported across a network it is sent in packets These packets are labeled with control inform
60. t be running See the AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide for information about starting TAMED In addition to the URL command AlphaTCP also provides an AlphaBASIC subroutine URL SBR so you can retrieve files from your AlphaBASIC or AlphaBASIC PLUS programs See the AlphaBASIC XCALL Subroutine User s Manual Rev 04 or later for more information Format of a url A url consists of three parts separated by slashes a method system and path e Though method could be many different things URL supports either http or ftp with http being the default if no method is specified e The system portion may be either a host name or IP address e Path is interpreted by the remote system It often specifies a subdirectory and a filename though it might invoke a program or perform a search instead Here are two example urls one using the FTP protocol and the other using HTTP ftp ds internic net rfc rfc1123 txt http smtpgw alphamicro com anon files txt Page 2 10 Chapter Two Using urls With AMOS The AlphaTCP web server and FTP server handle the path portion of a url in the same way It is scanned for a filename and either an ersatz name or device and account If no ersatz or device and account is specified the file is assumed to exist in the default login directory With HTTP a question mark indi cates a query and causes the server to scan the web applications list When using FTP question marks and asterisks are used as
61. tions are discussed following the commands Commands All of the FTP commands follow these general rules e They must all be entered in lower case as shown e If you omit the parameters for a command FTP prompts you for them e You can abbreviate any command to its shortest unique form transferring files The default file type is ASCII To transfer programs or data files set the file n All file transfers use the current settings for file type Be sure to set the file type correctly before type to binary e You can enter full file and path specifications for any file name The default is the current work ing directory on UNIX or the account you are logged into AMOS e If you are copying files between UNIX and AMOS and don t specify a new file name the file name is converted as necessary following the rules given at the end of this chapter e If any command argument has embedded spaces you must enclose the argument in quotes For example dir w RETURN e If you use as a file name FTP uses stdin usually the keyboard for reading or stdout usually the screen for writing My FTP follows all read and write restrictions of the operating system On UNIX you can only read N and write files you are authorized for on AMOS you cannot write to other accounts unless you are logged to OPR and any device you want to access on the remote host must not have noaccess set Appendix B discusses file security on UNIX and AMOS
62. uter After the sections on the commands this chapter describes how file names are translated when you copy files between UNIX and AMOS If you want to look at a file on another computer the best solution may be to log in to the remote computer See Chapter 3 FTP The FTP file transfer program lets you transfer a file or a number of files to or from a remote host It is the user interface to the internet standard File Transfer Protocol While you are using FTP you can enter a variety of commands and options The Network Administrator might have to arrange for you to have a user name on the other com puter before you can use FTP The format for FTP is FTP options host The available options are discussed below after the description of FTP command mode host is the host name or internet address of the computer you want to connect to If you omit host you enter FTP command mode without connecting to another computer and can then use the FTP command open to make a connection If you included host and the FTP connection is successful you are prompted for a user name and pass word Once the connection is made or if you did not specify a host to connect to you see the FTP prompt ftp gt AlphaTCP User s Guide Rev 09 Page 2 2 Chapter Two At this prompt you can enter any of the commands described below You can also perform the functions of some of these commands by including options on the FTP command line The op
63. ve the type set to ASCII so carriage re turn line feeds are handled correctly The binary and image types are identical and merely trans fer the raw data between computers The tenex type is for transferring files to or from a host which uses the Tenex operating system user user name password account Identifies you to the remote FTP server as user name If you don t include password and the server needs it FTP prompts you for it after disabling local echo If you don t include account and the FTP server needs it it prompts for it When the auto login option is on the default condition FTP prompts you for a user name when you make the remote connection and you don t have to use this command You need it only when you ve turned auto login off by using the n option described below You can sometimes use user to change user names in the middle of a session However not all hosts allow this If you try to change user names and it isn t allowed you may re ceive an error message the FTP connection may be closed or the FTP connection may hang verbose Toggles verbose mode In verbose mode all responses from the FTP server are displayed In ad dition when a file transfer completes statistics about the efficiency of the transfer are displayed By default verbose is on for an interactive session and off otherwise command A synonym for help Options You can include the following options on the FTP com
64. wildcards in a file name The first example below uses HTTP to reference the default page home htm in the ersatz WEBPPN on the local system the second one refers to a specific binary file http localhost webppn http localhost webppn demo lit The following urls each refer to all the system commands on another system with the FTP protocol The first uses the SYS ersatz name the second contains the DSKO 1 4 disk account ftp backup widget com sys lit ftp backup widget com dskO 1 4 lit Me URL follows the same security rules as other AlphaTCP features These security rules are de N gt scribed in the AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Using the URL Command The URL command retrieves one or more files from a remote computer Its syntax is URL flags outputfile proto hostname port path filename flags is optional and consists of one or more of the following A Transfer files in ASCII mode FTP only D Output debug information to the screen K Kill remote files after transfer FTP only L name Login using login name FTP only IN Nodelete don t delete existing local files P pass Log in using password pass FTP only Q Query for each file IS Suppress screen output IT Enable twinkle progress indicator U Generate unique local filenames Case does not matter for the flags but might be important for name and pass Outputfile lets you save a remote file to a specific name Wildcards are not supported

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