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1. SECTION V TPC 2000 SOFTWARE UTILITIES REFORM The REFORM utility prepares a new diskette for use in your TPC 2000 in either IBM standard single density format or TATUNG double density format REFORM initializes the new diskette by writing a known pattern of information on every sector of the diskette and tests diskette surface usability before you try to store data on it It is necessary to format a diskette prior to use unless it has been formatted by the supplier with the correct format Because TATUNG format is unigue all double density diskettes are destroyed by a bad program function or by a transient magnetic fluctuation NOTE The REFORM utility will erase all data on a diskette with ho checks prior to operating Be sure that the diskette being reformatted is really the diskette you want to reformat First type REFORM next to the system prompt on the console After loading the program to main memory you will see a menu display on console as shown below A gt REFORM lt cr gt cosmo TATUNG TPC 2000 SYSTEM FORMAT ROUTINE VERSION 2 22 8 SINGLE SIDE SINGLE DENSITY FORMAT 525 SINGLE SIDE 96 TPI FORMAT 5253 DOUBLE SIDE 96 TPI FORMAT 8 SINGLE SIDE DOUBLE DENSITY FORMAT 8 DOUBLE SIDE DOUBLE DENSITY FORMAT RESERVED END THIS PROGRAM A HU RAD SELECT FORMAT OPTION BY NUMBER where 38 4 2 number 1 means 8 single side single density
2. DESTINATION DRIVE NAME OR RETURN TO REBOOT Respond with B to write new system to the diskette in drive B SYSGEN will prompt with DESTINATION ON B THEN TYPE RETURN Ready the fresh diskette on drive B and tpe a return when ready Note that if you respond with A rather than B above the system will be written to drive A rather than B SYSGEN will continue to type the prompt DESTINATION DRIVE NAME OR RETURN TO REBOOT until the operator responds with a single carriage return which stops the SYSGEN program with a system reboot The user can then go through the reboot process with the old or new diskette Instead of performing th SYSGEN operation the user could have typed SAVE 32 CPMxx COM lt cr gt at the completion of the MOVCPM function which would place the CP M 35 is Dc memory image on the currently logged disk in a form which can be patched This is necessary when operating in non standard environment where the BIOS must be altered for a particular peripheral device configuration as described in the CP M System Alteration Guide Valid MOVCPM command are given below MOVCPM 48 lt cr gt Construct a 48K version of CP M and start execution MOVCPM 48 lt cr gt Construct a 48K version of CP M in preparation for permanent recording response is l a e READY FOR SYGEN OR I SAVE 32 CPM48 COM MOVCPM lt cr gt Construct a maximum memory version of CP M and start
3. First type DCHECK next to the system prompt on the console a few seconds later working menu will display on the screen as shown below A gt DCHECK lt cr gt 39 SAR e ETR a ae 4 3 A A OP YE LE OTTO VI EY A FT DT YT DHA ES gt En TATUNG MCS SYSTEM DCHECK ROUTINE VERSION 2 0 CHECK 8 SINGLE SIDE SINGLE DENSITY DISKETTE CHECK 525 SINGLE SIDE 96 TPI DISKETTE CHECK 5 25 DOUBLE SIDE 96 TPI DISKETTE CHECK 8 SINGLE SIDE DOUBLE DENSITY DISKETTE CHECK 8 DOUBLE SIDE DOUBLE DENSITY DISKETTE END THIS ROUTINE PLEASE MAKE SELECTION When you press selected number then system ask you to key in drive name A B Cor D and video screen will display DISKETTE CHECKING NOW then you can see the track number which is checking on the screen this indicate that DCHECK program is working and reading sector by sector When a track is read completely DCHECK will display track number to point out this track format is correct Otherwise a error message will be displayed on screen its format is shown as below This test takes about 2 minutes wait until it completed or error occur If error occurs screen will display the following message PERMANENT DISK ERROR TRACK tt SECTOR ss STATUS xx where tt and ss are the track number and sector number which is error and status xx indicates the nature of the error Refer to Appendix F In this case you must reformat this diskette again When all
4. oo 49 6 1 MET LC Pad Functions esa as esa ana nie sa ade ia Fie BS ele snare wore eae 749 6 2 Alphanimerio Keypad srta e CR GES A DD 6 231 General a as KOSE sn as e e Tia DU 6 2 2 RESET qua Y piesa GeO AR AY a e rp de ese DU 6 2 3 PA E BAR ques as A cais sieeve e790 gra a iG aaa de dra aba casas 20 BUD YR O ER i IEIR 50 o O RO 50 6 2 6 ESC O 6 2 7 DEL A A eee O 6 21 80 BREAK Da a b 6 3 EDREAL EDO sentes Ad ca ON 6 3 1 Programmable Phrase A A NR y Jl 4 6312 SHIFT LOC Su a ooo ite SAA a OZ 6 3 3 CAP LOC anal aa DL CIA LOCAL a a Ya y A Y a OZ 6 4 Special Function Keypads A E A o SE Gb Cursor MOVEMENE uta a E A DO 6 4 2 EDIT RODO FODA e A ES E Od 6 5 MODUS v EDI A nn DO Gyn SL Miguel A O 10 Dos ay KUNCL LON Key 5 4 Sin e OR DE aos DO 6 513 Control Character Codes us AWARD GW va DOD Gee UM y GE E UO cia Ou APPENDICES APPENDIX PAGE PAS ASCII Character SEL oka A a O Input Output Port Assignment as a sie A RO aa 62 Functions Table List ers ans 6A TPC 2000 Keystrokes And CodeS diran esa 00 System Startup Checklist eno a a O Interpretation Of Disk Controller Status Arcs cas OO TOMO il ic lao onto ca aa A e AU Tu Hb U Gb a FIGURES 1 1 Front Panel OBOR BO DOG BOO Bd e NO 122 Rear Panel a Send de SYR ele Sa Ff A 1 3 Diske tte Insert sa sas oet o mes dra uses add Wed bie orb 9 6 A SS eee DAE aeh 251
5. Check all mechanical a v 1 Symptom NO cursor visible om screen Possible cause No power to display Possible cure Check fuses check power cord check power outlet Symptom Incorrect symbols appear on screen when typing Possible cause Parity on incorrect baud rate Possible cure Set console parity to off set console baud rate switch to 9600 bps Symptom Double symbols appear on CRT TM typing Possible cause Console in Half Duplex mode Possible cure set console to Full Duplex mode i Symptom No symbols appear on the CRT when typing Pssible cause Console send receive mode not set monitor not connected to computer s monitor jack display brightness set too low Possible cure Set send receive mode on console check cables and y plugs adjust brightness Symptom CP M symbols A gt not displayed after RESET and Fl key has been pressed Possible cause CP M not sucessful loaded incorrect version of CP M for your machine operating system program cannot found on diskette in drive A system bootstrap program problem Possible cure Insert a known good system diskette in drive A and press RESET Fl button If one diskette works but 70 ma o i e another doesn t perform SYSGEN or DOPY SYSTEM operation copying from good diskette to bad diskette Symptom Miscellaneous errors occur during execution of programs Possible cause Bad memory circuit chip bad disk Possibl
6. TPC 2000 HARDWARE Serial Port SIO or DART The Z80A SIO Z80A DART is a dual channel multi function peripheral component designed to satisfy a wide variety of serial data communications requirements in microcomputer system Its basic function is a serial to parallel parallel to serial converter controller but within that role it is configurable by systems software so that its personality can be optimized for a given serial data communications application The Z80A SIO Z80A DART in the TPC 2000 is used to drive the system printer and keyboard The printer port may be used for other serial applications including a modem interface data communications Parallel Port PIO The ZSOA Parallel I O PIO circuit is a programmable two port device which provides a TTL compatible interface between peripheral devices and the Z80A CPU The CPU can configure the Z80A PIO to interface with a wide range of peripheral devices with no other external logic required Typical peripheral devices that are fully compatible with the Z80A PIO include most keyboards printer etc The Z80A PIO utilizes N channel silicon gate depletion load technology and is packaged in a 40 pin DIP The TPC 2000 has two Z80A PIOs each containing two ports One PIO is used to control the diskette and CRT operations The other is connected to the external parallel connector and may be used to drive a printer or any other parallel interface device Counter Timer Circ
7. 06 6A 152 k 107 6B 153 1 08 6C 154 m 109 6D 155 n 110 CE 156 O 111 oF 157 P 112 70 160 q 13 71 161 r 114 72 162 S 115 73 i 163 t 116 74 164 dl u Ha 75 165 V 118 76 166 W 119 IA 167 X 120 78 170 y 121 79 71 Z 22 TA 172 E 23 7B 173 i 21 o 74 125 7D 75 p 126 TE 76 DEL 127 TF 171 Delete 61 APPENDIX B i INPUT OUTPUT PORT ASSIGNMENT sum emo ee A E ae oe ee ea ee 0 y UU et ee I I II I I I I een PORT NO SCHEMATIC FUNCTION 00 YO CRTC Read status Write to CRTC register 01 YO Read from selected register Write to selected register 02 YO E 03 YO Read display RAM Write display RAM 04 Y1 FD1793 Read status Write command 05 Y2 Read track Write track 06 Y2 Read sector Write sector 07 Y2 Read data Write data 08 Y2 PIO CHA Read FD1793 interrupt Write floppy disk drive select side select i and recording density 09 Y2 PIO CHB Read access data to CRTC Write master reset to FD1793 OA Y2 PIO CHA Irite command to channel A OB Y2 PIO CHB Irite command to channel B oc Y3 CTC CHO Baud rate generator for console i OD Y3 CTC CH1 Not used l OE Y3 CTC CH2 Baud rate generator for keyboard OF Y3 CTC CH3 Not used l 10 Y4 PIO CHA Parallel I O port for printer status l 11 Y4 PIO CHB Parallel I O port to print out data 12 Y4 PIO CHA rite command to channel A 13 Y4 PIO CHB Write command to chan
8. 1 2 Unpacking the TPC 2000 3 aw dl obo atera eae ose ein O 3 Setup And How To Get TPC 2000 Started 0 ooo ooo oso sos 9o ano 4 5 nu op e a Routine Operating Instructions e s s s ssesossssossssosoeoseses eee System Shutdown eco voce con 1 1 000000 ees ea vosso 9 O SE EE E E odo O TI SYSTEM DESCRIPTION e od as ONO AC AK AC JA DAL q nara Lessa A poo o no 7 2 1 Introduction 9 9000009 00 00e eo eo oe receio 0 0 ene O boo 60 9 6 o e 7 Hardware Overview e9 ee eo ew ee ooo sos sos ooo OO ann RD 2 3 Software Overview cc cases crase cases acessa so rendas se 9 IH CP M OPERATING SYSTEM CCC CADELA non CCC os CR A AC A A DAC JE DAC A A O A o 10 3 1 General Description ss sa na A A ras LO 3 2 Function Description Of CWN a 11 dee t File RETETENCES rey UG sa EAE E OE R ET 12 3 3 Witching DISES a DAD n ea pera quo VA 3 4 The Form Of Built in Commands oooooooooooooooooososcrcororsross TH 3M 1 ERA a MSS ae A As 14 dod DIRATI KCS ES AR A a a A 15 3 4 3 REN ufni sufn2 lt cr gt essecsoseasesossoosooooeooooasooeo see teas 1D 3 4 4 SAVE n ufn lt cr gt 9 9c0ee eo eo ctas Y YD ea acao 16 3 45 A RT sc E7 3 5 Lime Editing And Output Control 99 9999 9SN ddu dans 17 3 6 Transient Commands ooooooomoooo Poo coonacrorcrrrasoscrrrr 18 305 1 STAT CES ta dc LO 3 6 2 ASM ufn lt cr gt 29 99 ee HEH seres sora serra sora LO 3 6 3 LOAD uf
9. COM to drive B from the current drive A B ZAP lt cr gt Copy all files which have the primary name ZAP to drive A from drive B ZAP ASM B lt cr gt OD to ZAP ASM B ZAP ASM B ZOT COM A lt cr gt Bee to B ZOT COM A ZOT COM B GAMMA BAS lt cr gt Same as B GAMMA BAS GAMMA BAS B A GAMMA BAS lt cr gt Same as B GAMA BAS A GAMMA BAS The device names which can be used in PIP commands are CON The syste console device used by CCP for communication with the _ LST NUL EOF INP OUT program PIP CALLs location 106H with data in register C for each PRN File case files operator The oudtput list device Send 40 nulls ASCII Os to the device this can be issued at the end of punched output end a CP M end of file ASCII ctl Z to the destination device sent automatically at the end of all ASCII data transfers through PIP Special PIP input source which can be patched into the PIP program itself PIP gets the input data character by character by CAlling location 103H with data returned in location 109H paty bit must be zero Special PIP output destination which can be eiei into the PIP character to transmit Note that l cations 109H through 1FFH of the PIP memory image are not used and can be replaced by special purpose drivers using DDT see the DDT operator s manual Same as LST except that tabs are expanded at every eighth character position lines are number
10. CON device X HEX CON Y HEX PTR lt cr gt Create a HEX file by reading the CON until a ctl Z is typed folloed by data from PTR until a ctl Z is encountered lt cr gt mM Single carriage return stops PIP PIP LST NUL X ASM EOF NUL lt cr gt Send 40 nulls to the list device then copy the X ASM file to the List device followed by an end of file ctl Z and 40 more null characters The user can also specify one or more PIP parameters enclosed in left and eight sguare brackets separated by zero or more blanks Each parameter affects the copy operation and the enclosed list of parameters must immediately follow the affected file or device Generally each parameter can be followed by an optional decimal integer value the S and O parameters are exceptions The valid PIP parameters are listed below B Block mode transfer data is buffered by PIP until an ASCII x off character etl S is received from the source device This i allows transfer of data to a disk file from a coninuous reading 26 device such as cassette reader Upon receipt of the x off PIP clears the disk buffers and returns for more input data The amount of data which can be buffered is dependent upon the memory size of the host system PIP will issue an error message if the buffers overflow Delete characters which extend past column n in the transfer of data to the destination from the character so
11. DIR X Y C M causes a search for all unambiguous file names on the disk which satisfy this ambiguous reference The following file names are valid unambiguous file references X XYZ GAMMA A Y XYZ COM GAMMA 1 As an added convenience the programmer can generally specify the disk drive name along with the file name In this case the drive name is give as a letter A through D followed by a colon The specified drive is then logged in before the file operation occurs Thus the following are valid file names with disk name prefixes A X Y B SYZ C GAMMA It should also be noted that all alphabetic lower case letters in file and drive names are always translated to upper case when they are processed by the CCP 13 la 3 4 3 4 1 Switching Disks The operator can switch the currently logged disk by typing the disk drive name A B C orD followed by a colon when the CCP is waiting for console input Thus the sequence of prompts and commands shown below might occur after the Cp M system is loaded from disk A 64K CP M VER 2 2 A gt DIR List all files on disk A A SAMPLE ASM SAMPLE PRN DUMP COM SYSGEN COM A PIP COM STAT COM ADB Switch to disk B B gt DIR ASM List all ASM files on B B DUMP ASM FILES ASM REFORM ASM DCOPY ASM BA Switch back to A The Form of Built in Commands Built in commands are a part of th CCP program itself while transient commands
12. ESC F FORMAT ESC NUL 4 any 16 characters ESC F5 FORMAT ESC NUL 5 any 16 fran ge F6 FOMAT ESC NUL 6 any 16 characters ESC 6 5 3 Control chata Codes i CONTROL FUNITION To perform a control operation depress the control key and hold this key down while simultaneously typing the alphanumeric key It is also used as a safeguard for functions like LINE FEED RETURN and others so that the accidental striking of these keys does not destroy screen contents or disrupt communications 56 BACK SPACE COLUMN TAB CARRIAGE RETURN CURSOR RIGHT i 6 5 4 Summary des CHARACTER SEND ESC Read out a character from cursor address and transmit to HOST DIRECT CURSOR ADDRESSING ESC DI x Y 0144 AQ This command moves the active positon to the position specified wher e X column number 20H Y row number 20H CURSOR SENSEING ESC ENO 945 Sense the cursor location KEYBOARD LOCK ESC NAK The keyboard is disabled until keyboard unlock command is received KEYBOARD UNLOCK ESC ACK The keyboard is enable after receiving the command REVERSE ON ESC EM 2 AS Turn reverse video on REVERSE OFF ESC us 24 YA Back to normal video screen vision COLUMN BACK TAB ESC ES 57 AA ry i e ra ns o er 22 4b CLEAR SCREEN gt h owt 4 ED gse s LOAD FROM HOST ESC ETX RECEIVE FROM HOST ESC FOT GOTO SPECIFIC ADDRESS ESC B
13. are loaded into the TPA from disk and executed The built in commands are ERA Erase sepcified files DIR List file names in the directory REN Rename the speicified file SAVE Save memory contents in a file TYPE Type the contents of a file on the logged disk ERA afn lt cr gt The ERA erase command removes files from the currently logged in disk i e the disk name currently prompted by CP M preceding the gt The files which are erased are those which satisfy the ambiguous file reference afn The following examples illustrate the use of ERA ERA X Y The file named X Y on the currently logged disk is re moved from the disk directory and the space is returned ERA X All files with primary name X are removed from the current disk ERA ASM All files with secondary name ASM are removed from the current disk ERA X Y C M All files on the current disk which satisfy the ambiguous reference X Y C M are deleted ERA Erase all files on the current disk in this case the CCP prompts the console with the message ALL FILES Y N which reguires a Y response before files are actually removed ERA B PRN All files on drive B which satisfy the ambiguous reference PRN are deleted independently of the currently logged disk 1 4 2 DIR afn lt cr gt The DIR directory command causes the names of all files which satisfy the ambiguous file name afn to be listed at the console device As s
14. execution l It is important to note that the newly created system is serialized with the number attached to the original diskette and is subject to the conditions of the Digital Research Software Licensing Agreement 3 7 BDOS Error Messages There are three error situations which the Basic Disk Operating System intercepts during file processing When one of these conditions is detected the BDOS prinnts the message y BDOS ERR ON x error where x is the drive name and error is one of the three error w messages BAD SECTOR SELECT READ ONLY THE BAD SECTOR message indicates that the disk controller electronics has detected an error condition in reading or writing the diskette This condition is generally due to a malfunctioning disk controller or an extremely worn diskette If you find that your system reports this error more than once a month you should check the state of your controller electronics and the condition of your media You may also encounter this condition in reading files generated by a controller produced by a different manufacturer Even though controllers are claimed to be IBM compatible one often finds small 36 differenes in reording formats The MDS 800 controller for example requires two bytes of one s following the data CRC byte which is not required in the IBM format As a result diskettes generated by the Intel MDS can be read by almost all other IBM compatib
15. key transmits a ESC code 1BH Depression of ESC followed by an alphanumeric or symbol key cause the TPC 2000 to DEON an Escape function as described in section 6 5 6 2 7 DEL gt Figure 6 3 LED Indicator e ed When this key is depressed it transmits a code H This code is ignored by the YS if received BREAK this key transmits a code FFH 6 3 LED Indicator 6 3 1 Programmable Phrase In many terminal applications a certain word phrase name title etc is reguired periodically It may also be necessary that indent spacing or a predetermined tab sequence be recalled P o TN iu lo The TPC 2000 key board has the unique Sa say of storingup to 14 characters of key data whether they actually be key characters or control codes The programming steps are 5V a 1 CONTROL ESC the LED indicator of PROG will turn on 2 Program up to 14 key strokes 3 CONTROL SEMICOLON the LED indicator of PROG will turn off at 4 For additional recalls of memory key CONTROL SEMICOLON 5 For reprogramming repeat steps 1 2 3 above 7 Until the CONTROL SEMICOLON is pressed the key board will remain in programming mode If the 14key stroke limit is inadvertently exceeded and additional key strokes are entered the TPC 2000 will give you a BEEP sound A power down or a RESET operation will also clear the memory 6 3 2 SHIFT LOC When the SHIFT LOC is pressed the LED indicator of SHIFT will turn o
16. only one diskette drive DCOPY keeps track of whether the source or the destination diskette should be in the drive DCOPY sends messages to the screen when it needs you to remove one diskette and insert the other DCOPY is an exact track for track sector for sector copy utility and is the fastest way to copy an entire diskette However if many files have been created and erased on the source diskette the records belonging to a particular file may be randomly placed on the diskette In this case it may be more efficient although slower to use PIP to copy the files and thus to put all the records in sequential order on 4 5 the new diskette SETUP The SETUP commands is used to update the bootstrap loader to set two parameters the printer baud rate bit per second and the system density The operation of this command is described as follows A gt SETUP lt cr gt TATUNG MCS COMPUTER SYSTEM BOOT SETUP PROGRAM VERSION 22 SELECT PRINTER BAUD RATE FROM FOLLOWING LIST 0 CENTRONIX PRINTER PARALLEL PORT 1 110 BAUD 2 300 BAUD v 3 600 BAUD 4 1200 BAUD 5 2400 BAUD 6 4800 BAUD 7 9600 BAUD 8 19200 BAUD Now SETUP program wait for you to make choice You can choose from 0 to 8 to match your printer s baud rate then screen display as follow 43 4 6 SELECT DEFAULT MODE FOR DRIVE A B 8 SINGLE SIDE SINGLE DENSITY 5 25 SINGLE SIDE 96TPI 5 25 DOUBLE SIDE 96TPI 8 SINGLE SIDE DOUBLE DENS
17. tracks are checked conec a message is displayed as below FUNCTION COMPLETE PLEASE INSERT SYSTEM DISKETTE IN DRIVE A THEN TYPE RETURN 1t means that diskette has no permanent error and DCHECK Utility waiting for you to check whether system diskette is in drive A then type RETURN to return to system MODE The MODE utility is designed for the programmer to access different disk format 5 25 double side 8 single side single density and 8 double side double density It is generally used when running a 5 25 double density system and it 40 E A SS A A A O SV ND FRYD Carrero 4 4 is necessary to read or write a 8 single density or double density diskette The format of the command 1s MODE d n lt cr gt Where d is drive letter A B C or D n is mode code mode codes could be 1 8 single side single density format 2 5 25 single side 96 TPI format 3 5 25 double side 96 TPI format 4 8 single side double density format 5 8 double side double density format DCOPY It is strongly recommanded that you make backup copies of all your disks If a disk becomes damaged or if files are accidentally erased you will still have all of the information on your backup disk You can back up disks by using the TATUNG TPC 2000 DCOPY command This command is described below The DCOPY utility copies all the information on one diskette to another diskette including the CP M V2 2 system tracks if they are prese
18. CTION KEY F2 DEFAULT DIR B lt CR gt FUNCTION KEY F3 DEFAULT STAT lt CR gt FUNCTION KEY F4 DEFAULT STAT B lt CR gt FUNCTION KEY F5 DEFAULT PIP lt CR gt FUNCTION KEY F6 DEFAULT PIP B A lt CR gt 45 DO YOU WANT MODIFY Y N If you satisfy this default arrangement then press N to exit FUNCTION program and create a data file named F DAT Otherwise press Y to change default key functions After enter Y screen will display a message like this FUNCTION KEY F1 F6 NUMBER 1 6 gt You must press the function key number you wish to program or reprogram Next prompt jump to selected function and clear command string then wait for you to enter new command string You must enter the exact command you want the specified function key to reproduce Press lt ESC gt to finish programming the key The screen changes to show the new function key setting and FUNCTION display DO YOU WANT MODIFY Y N again and waits for you to press another function key The specified command for function keys one through six can be Up to sixteen characters long l COMMAND l PURPOSE REFORM Format disks for TPC 2000 DCHECK Check errors on diskette MODE Set drive type and disk density DCOPY Copy disks SETUP Set up console and printer baud rate MTS Memory test CRTEST Dei performance of monitor FUNCTION Set TPC 2000 function keys 46 A A E o i 5 1 5 2 5 3 SECTION V
19. DEL DEL CHAR INS ENTER RESET F1 F FS F4 ES AAA CEP o TW ci CO NO i Power on all APPENDIX E SYSTEM STARTU Insert system devices Press the RES ET key P CHECKLIST diskette in drive A Press the function key Fl to boot system Prompt symbol A gt indicates good system load amp T APPENDIX F INTERPRETATION OF DISK CONTROLLER STATUS Bit All Type 1 Read Read y Write Commands Address s7 Not ready Not ready Not ready Not ready i s6 Write prot 0 Record type Irite prot s5 Head loaded O Record type rite fault s Seek error ID not fnd Rec not fnd Rec not fnd s3 CRC error CRC error CRC error CRC error s2 Track 0 Lost data Lost data Lost data s1 Index DRO DRO DRO sO Busy Busy Busy Busy bws mu ato O aa a O o FAD ID A A SE ED a A A AD o O O O a o SS SU AE SD FYD SL OR a o e SO SEDD SP CD SP GYD SD SD SAD O YD SE YD cr ED PI YD ci 1 bid b7 b6 b5 bl b3 b2 bl DO am an COS OC GYD CAD O DID CYD SO QU ED O O TS UD ID AO SED MD o Sc OO YD WD CD YD TD When a permanent error is detected on disk the TATUNG CBIOS will display the following message PERMANENT DISK ERROR TRACK tt SECTOR ss STATUS xx where tt and ss are the track number and sector number in error and status xx indicates the nature of the error as defined in the above table
20. EL A A LAW era r o comam nt APPENDIX A THE ASCII CHARACTER SET mu Lu aw dn wr Eh O The ASCII character set is listed here in numeric order with the corresponding The control characters are indicated with a caret For example the horizontal tab HT is formed with control decimal T iD z hexadecimal and octal values A I II I I 0 O O O CS O A A ud Decimal value Hex value Octal value Control character Meaning es sm US O LS A CL CY HY O A O O O O O A I Ty ETB ESC A FS GS RS Us SP oo U Wa s Aa eg ISURBRUBDBHSYUOJJOGU DONE O a H co pa No 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 2 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 37 38 39 O Fry AA H Go do FC HiBltJ OU o oo I GY O DO MN MN NON NM Dm JO I PR M HP O 59 gt gt gt gt gt gt gt AOngmAvoawre gt gt A GH r gt gt gt gt 9 gt UVE VOZ gt Pac gt gt gt gt gt gt PI ANIS E gt gt U Null Start of heading Start of text End of text End of transmission Inquiry Acknowledge Bell Backspace Horizontal tab Line feed Vertical tab Form feed Carriage return Shift out SATEt In Data link escape Device control 1 Device control 2 Device control 3 Device control 4 Negative acknowledge Synchronous idle End of transmission block Cance
21. ERA X ASM lt cr gt Erase most recent version REN X ASM X BAK lt cr gt Rename the BAK file to ASM Note that the operator can abort the edit at any point reboot power failure Ctrl C or O command without destroying the original file In this case the BAK file is not created and the original file is always intact The ED program also allows the user to ping pong the source and create backup files between two disks The form of the ED command in this case is ED ufn d lt cr gt where ufn is the name of a file to edit on the currently logged disk and d is the name of an alternate drive The ED program reads and processes the source file and writes the new file to drive d using the name ufn Upon completion of processing the original file becomes the backup file Thus if the operator is addressing disk A the following command is valid ED X ASM B lt cr gt which edits the file X ASM on drive A creating the new file X S on drive B Upon completion of a successful edit A X ASM is renamed to A X BAK and B X SSS is renamed to B X ASM For user convenience the currently logged disk becomes drive B at the end of the edit Note that if a file by the name B X ASM exists before the editing begins the message FILE EXISTS is printed at the console as a precaution against accidently destroying a source file In this case the operator must first ERAse the existing file and then restart the edit operation Similar to othe
22. For example Status xx Reason 10 Record not found 08 CRC error 80 Disk not ready 40 Write protect 68 APPENDIX G FAILURE CHECKLIST NOTHING WORKS Check mechanical connections Power cords W ch Cables ad ael jei gt c Switches YY lt gt rn YY Fuses PRINTER OUT Try the printer in local Execute CTRL P from the console Check all settings Re insert paper properly Check fuse PRINTER DOES NOT STOP Hit CTRL P Vv a E Hit CTRL C Turn printer off io i eh SYSTEM OUT Reboot CTRL C Stop the system and execute complete restart DISK DRIVE ON CONTINUOUSLY No diskette in Insert one Remove diskette restart procedure GROSSLY ANOMALOUS BEHAVIOR Suspect operator error Try again Check for correct system diskette and correct settings on printer l Suspect damaged system diskette Replace with fresh copy Suspect damaged application program Replace with fresh copy Turn everything off Try again Suspect hardware failure ja Gg H 1 H 2 b APPENDIX H TROUBLESHOOTING Basic rule In this order ai 1 Suspect operator error 2 Suspect damaged diskette 3 Suspect software 4 Suspect hardware Keep detailed documentation about the failure setting and connections mapa Troubleshooting guide Try again from scratch Use fresh diskette
23. IT function can access a SUB file which is on an alternate drive by preceding the file name by a drive name Submitted files are only acted upon however when they appear on drive A Thus it is possible to create a submitted file on drive B which is executed at a later time when it is inserted in drive A 3 6 8 DUMP ufn lt cr gt 3 6 9 The DUMP program types the contents of the disk file ufn at the console in hexadecimal form The file contents are listed sixteen bytes at a time with the absolute byte address listed to the left of each line in hexadeciaml Long typeouts can be aborted by pushing the rubout key during printout The source listing of the DUMP program is given in the CP M Interface Guide as an example of a program writen for the CP M environment MOVCPM lt cr gt The MOVCPM program allows the user to reconfigure the CP M system for any particular memory size Two optional parameters may be used to indicate 1 the desired size of the new system and 2 the disposition of the new system at program termination If the first parameter is omitted or a is given the MOVCPM program will reconfigure the system to its maximum size based upon the kilobytes of contiguous RAM in the host system starting at 0000H If the second parameter is omitted the system is executed but not permanently recorded if is given the system is left in memory ready for a SYSGEN operation The MOVCPM program relocates a memory image
24. ITY 8 DOUBLE SIDE DOUBLE DENSITY SELECT BY NUMBER HEN After you make selection CRT display as follow SELECT DEFAULT MODE FOR DRIVE C D 1 8 SINGLE SIDE SINGLE DENSITY 2 5 25 SINGLE SIDE 96TPI 3 5 25 DOUBLE SIDE 96TPI 4 8 SINGLE SIDE DOUBLE DENSITY 5 DOUBLE SIDE DOUBLE DENSITY SELECT BY NUMBER At this time you can select drive mode of drive C and D If you have not drive C and D depress lt cr gt to ignore this part then CRT display as follow INPUT DESTINATION DRIVE NAME Now you must insert diskette which you want update bootstrap into drive Depress drive name A B C or D of this drive SETUP program will update bootstrap on diskette of selected drive when procedure is complete message CP M BOOT SECTOR SUCCESSFUL UPDATE will display on screen and return to system MTS The MTS program tests a specified range of memory It asks the user for a range which must begin no lower then 0500H MIS program location and no higher than E200H CBIOS starting address The reads and writes each bit cell and displays a count for each successful pass through the range If a faulty bit is located the address and its corresponding bit pattern are displayed on the screen The detail description of this procedure are shown as below 1 Insert into the disk drive A a diskette containing the CP M system program and the file MIS COM MTS is the Memory Test System program 2 Type MIS lt
25. N files with type ASM NEW ZOM B OLD ZAP lt cr gt Move a copy of OLD ZAP from dirve B to the currently logged disk name the file NEW ZOT B A U B B V A C W D X lt cr gt Concatenate file B V from drive B with C W from drive A and D X from the logged disk create the file A on drive B l For more convenient use PIP allows abbreviated commads for transfer ring files between disk drives The abberviated forms are PIP X zafn lt cr gt PIP x y afn lt cr gt PIP x y lt cr gt PIP x ufnzy lt cr gt The first form copies all files from the currently logged disk which satisfy the afn to the same file names on drive x x A Z The second form is eguivalent to the first where the source for the copy is drive y y A Z The third form is equivalent to the command PIP ufn y ufn cr which copies the file given by ufn from drive y to the file ufn on drive x The fourth form is eguivalent to the third where the source disk is explicitly een by y Note that the source and destination disks must be different in all of these cases If an afn is specified PIP lists each ufn which satisfies the afn as it is being copied If a file exists by the same name as the destination file it is removed upon successful completion of the copy and replaced by the Copa file The following PIP commands give examples of valid disk to disk copy operations B COM lt cr gt Copy all files which have the secondary name 24 9
26. ODE SEQUENCE SINGLE FUNCTION KEY lO AY O IO INSERT OFF ESC SOH OFF CHAR INSERT ON ESC STX INS CURSOR SENSEING ESC ENQ o a DIRECT CURSOR ADDRESSING ESC DCI XY CHARACTER SEND e ESC Es Gu i KEY BOARD LOCK esc M ES KEY BOARD UNLOCK ESC ACK CURSOR LEFT ESC BS o Lun CURSOR DOWN ESC VT y CURSOR UP ESC FF A CURSOR RIGHT ESC DLE gt END OF LINE ESC SI EOL END OF FILE ESC CAN EOF a HOME gt ESC DC2 HOME LINE DECETE LINE ESC DC 3 DEL LINE INSERT LINE ESC SUB INS REVERSE ON ESC EM REVERSE OFF ESC US ATTRIBUTE ESC SP C BACK TAB ESC RESET ESC FS 64 sd DELECT CHARACTER LOAD FROM HOST RECENE FROM HOST GO TO SPECIFIC ADDRESS ESC ESC ESC ESC SYN ETX EOT BEL IO S SO NH Ho sus DS BY EO Oo l GY UT su MOO N x g lt cetu RQS Saera m0200p N gt CHO ry re LAN Cu ym Go Hl Bld wr o eT UE FO do WAT BW NRO 1 31 2 32 e 3 33 4 34 o 5 35 0 6 36 z 7 31 amp 8 38 9 39 C O 3A AU S tel APPENDIX D TPC 2000 KEYSTROKES AND CODES The following table lists the keystrokes and internal codes of TPC 2000 Note Alphanumeric keypad 0 key code is 8BH Numerical keypad 0 key code is 5FH e aap E Du gra ar ca O O A dc aa O SD E CU E A O SES o O a DN O E O OD sae O e D an aro ea ESC TAB BACK SPACE BREAK DEL RETURN LINE FEED LINE INS LINE DEL CHAR INS CHAR
27. Start copying from the source device when the string s is encountered terminated by ctl Z The S and Q parameters can be 27 used to abstract a particular section of a file such as a subroutine The start and quit string s are always included in the copy operation NOTE the string s following the S and Q parameters are translated to upper case by the CCP if form 2 of the PIP command is used Form 1 of the PIP invocation however does not perform the automatic upper case translation 1 PIP lt cr gt 2 PIP command line lt cr gt Expand tabs ctl I characters to every nth column during the transfer of characters to the destination from the source Translate lower case alphabetics to upper case during the copy operation Verify that data has been copied correctly by reading after the write Operation the destination must be a disk file Z Zero the parity bit on input for each ASCII character The following are valid PIP commands which specify parameters in the file transfer PIP X ASM B Cv lt cr gt Copy X ASM from drive B to the current dive and verify that the data was properly copied PIP LPT X ASM nt8u lt cr gt Copy X ASM to the LPT device number each line expand tabs to every eight column and translate lower case alphabetics to upper case PIP PUN X HEX i Y ZOT h lt cr gt First copy X HEX to he PUN device and igonore the trailing OO record in X HEX then continue the tran
28. T ESC DLE 29 46b Depression of this key moves the cursor to the next character position When the cursor reaches the last character position on the line it moves to the first position at the next line down When the cursor reaches the position on the last line 1t moves to the home position A CURSOR UP ESC FF 14 A Depression of this key moves the cursor to the same character position at the next line above upon reaching the top line the cursor moves to the same character location in the botton line y CURSOR DOWN EC W ZE MA Depression of this key moves the cursor to the same character position at the next line down if on the last line the cursor moves to the same character position on the first line TAB CURSOR TAB EC HT The TAB key moves the cursor to the next tabulation position fixed tab location occur each eight character position i e position 1 9 17 etc COLUMN BACK ESC Moves the cursor back to 8 character position LE LINEFEED ESC LF Depression of this key cause the cursor to move down one l ne while occupying the same character position See BACK Beals SPACE BACK SPACE BS 53 This key is equivalent to the lt key except the ASCII back space code is transmitted when on line RETURN CARRIAGE RETURN CR This key causes the cursor to move to first position of the current Hne while in Off Line mode DIP SW b3 up If On Line mode is oh DIP SW b3 down the cursor a
29. capacity The TPC 2000 can be added up to 8 virtual disk boards Hard disk TPC 2000 can be added up to Y sets of 5 1 4 or hard disk drives 2 3 There are 6 6 MB drive 13 3 MB drive and 27 MB drive options for 5 1 4 Winchester hard disk Serial interface board Each interface board has 14 RS 232C serial ports The TPC 2000 can be added up to 2 boards TTL input ouput board Each I O board has 64 input ouput points TPC 2000 can be added with 2 input output board OPERATING CONDITIONS Power requirement 110V or 220V 10 50 or 60 Hz Power consumption less than 100VA Operating Temperature 1090 40 Humidity 20 80 Noncondensing Weight 12 Kg hi Dimensions mm 450 W X 428 H X 620 D Software Overview The term software refers to whatever program will be used with the computer This includes the CP M Operating System program the various utility programs provided with the computer and any program written by the user or acquired by other means The program stored in the ROM is called Firmware since it is program material but not easily alterable The ROM firmware will be considered a subset of the software since it is program material The program in the ROM was written by TATUNG and is reguired in order to perform the most basic machine functions Two operating systems are available for the integrated TPC 2000 system the CP M V2 2 for single u
30. distinct parts BIOS Basic I O System hardware dependent BDOS Basic Disk Operating System CCP Console Command Processor TPA Transient Program Area The BIOS provides the primitive operations necessary to access the diskette drives and to interface standard peripherals teletype CRT Paper Tape Reader Punch and user defined peripherals and can be tailored by the user for any particualr hardware environment by patching this portion of CP M The BDOS implements disk allocation strategies which provide fully dynamic file contruction while minimi zing head movement across the disk during access Any particular file may contain any number of records not exceeding the size of any single disk In a standard CP M system each disk can contain up to 64 distinct files The BDOS has entry points which include the following primitive operations which can be programmatically accessed SEARCH Look for a particular disk file by name OPEN Open a file for further operations CLOSE Close a file after processing RENAME Change the name of a particular file READ Read a record from a particular file 10 E i i WRITE Write a record onto the disk SELECT Select a particular disk drive for further operations The CCP provides symbolic interface between the user s console and the remainder of the CP M system The CCP reads the console device and processes commands which include listing the file directory printing the conten
31. dvances to the beginning of the following line ES E a y HOME CURSOR HOME ID S IY This key causes the cursor to move to its home position ENTER ENTER LF ud l This key duplicates the RETURN key 6 4 2 Edit Functions There are seven edit functions on TPC 2000 keyboard DEL INS CHAR LINE CHAR LINE CLEAR CLEAR OFF INS INS DEL DEL EOL EOF CHAR o INSERT CHARACTER INS ESC Co STX 0024 01 Depression of this key initiates the insert character mode all data on the current line move one character position right of the cursor as asa new character are inserted at the cursor location data at the end of the line are lost LINE NSERT LINE INS ESC ma 9935 Depressing of this key causes data from the cursor occupied line on down to be moved one line lower The cursor is positioned to the beginning of the blank line which is created and data may then be entered in that line as desired by the opeator CHAR DELET CHARACTER DEL ESC SN 99 dt This key causes the character at the current cursor position to be deleted The remaining data from the cursor position to the end of the 54 i 3 line moves one character position left for each deleted character spaces for each deleted character are added at the end of the line r LINE s b A zna dn ae 58 DELET LINE DEL ESC z DC co go A A This key cause the cursor occu
32. e cure Perform MTS if bad memory chip is found contact TATUNG Perform DCHECK if bad diskette is detected replace with good diskette If problem continues contact TATUNG Symptom Unable to load and execute programs See symptom number 6 Symptom Unable to print on printer lt Possible cause Defective printer cable incompatible wiring between printer and computer incomplete setup of either printer or computer l Possible cure Check all interconnecting wiring ensure that power 13 on to printer perform SETUP procedure TV
33. e space remaining on the diskette in drive x is given in kilobytes bynnn STAT x lt er gt If a drive name is given then the drive is selected before the storage is computed Thus the command STAT B could be issued while logged into drive A resulting in the message 19 aa Sa an es Sas i BYTES REMAINING ON B nnnK STAT afn lt cr gt The command line can also specify a set of files to be scanned by STAT The files which satisfy afn are listed in alphabetical order with storage requirements for each file under the heading RECS BYTS EX D FILENAME TYP rrrr bbbK ee d pppppppp sss where rrrr is the number of 128 byte records allocated to the file bbb is the number of kilobytes allocated to the file bbb rrrr 128 1024 ee is the number of 16K extensions ee bbb 16 d is the drive name containing the file A Z pppppppp is the up to eight character primary file name and sss is the up to three character secondary name After listing the individual files the storage usage is summarized SIAT x afn lt cr gt As a convenience the drive name can be given ahead of the afn In this case the specified drive is first selected and the form STAT a fn is executed STAT x R 0 lt cr gt This form sets the drive given by x to read only which remains in effect until the next warm or cold start takes place Whena disk is read only the message BDOS ERR ON x READ ONLY will appear if there is an att
34. ed and page ejects are inserted every 60 lines with an initial eject same as t8np and device names can be interspersed in the commands In each the specific device is read until end of file ctl Z for ASCII and a real end of file or non ASCII disk files Data from each device or file is concatenated from left to right until the last data source has been read The destination device or file is written using the data from the source files and an end of file character ctl Z 25 is appended to the result for ASCII files Note if the destination is a disk file then a temporary file is created secondary name which is changed to the actual file name only upon successful completion of the copy Files with te extension COM are always assumed to be non ASCII The copy operation can be aborted at any time by depressing any key on the keyboard a rubout suffices PIP will respond with the message ABORTED to indicate that the operation was not completed Note that if any operation is aborted or if an error occurs during processing PIP removes any pending commands which were set up while using the SUBMIT command Valid PIP commands are shown below PIP LST X PRN lt cr gt Copy X PRN to the LST device and ad terminate the PIP program PIP lt cr gt A E Start PIP for a sequence of commands PIP prompts with CON X ASM Y ASM Z ASM lt cr gt Concatenate three ASM files and copy to the
35. ed arrow if your console supports this ASCII character to improved readability Lower case ASCII alphabetics are internally translated to uppper case to be consistent with CP M file and device name conventions Finally the total command line length cannot exceed 225 characters ctl E can be used to force a physical carriage return for lines which exceed the console width The destination and source elements can be unambiguous references to CP M source files with or without a preceding disk drive name That is any file can be referenced with a preceding drive name Ar B C or D which defineds the particular drive where the file may be obtained or stored When the drive name is not included the currently logged disk is assumed Further the destination file can also appear as one or more of the source files in which case the source file is not altered until the entire concatenation is complete If the destination file already exists it is removed if the command line is properly formed it is not removed if an error condition arises The following command lines with explanations to the right are valid as input to PIP 23 X Y lt cr gt Copy to file X from file Y where X and Y are unambiguous file names Y remains unchanged X Y Z lt cr gt Concatenate files Y and Z and copy to pos file X with Y and Z unchanged X ASM Y ASM Z ASM FIN ASM lt cr gt Create the file X ASM from the con i catenation of the Y Z and FI
36. ed function by number then screen displayed as shown below 1 COPY SYSTEM 2 COPY DATA 3 COPY ALL SELECT BY NUMBER T The first form of the command copies the SYSTEM tracks from drive mto drive n Note that for 8 format in TPC 2000 there is no reserved track for system so mode 4 and mode 5 just can select either copy data or copy all The second form copies the non system tracks from drive m to drive n The last form copies all tracks from drivemtodriven here m and n are drive letter A B C or D After you press selected form number DCOPY utility will ask you which drive is source drive and which drive is destination drive Now screen displayed like this SOURCE DRIVE A B C D m DESTINATION DRIVE A B C D n SOURCE ON m DESTINATION ON n INSERT DISK AND TYPE lt CR gt WHEN READY Now you may check procedure of DCOPY utility following upper message and correct any mistake then press RETURN to continue this routine During the copy operating screen will display operation mode and track number to indicate which procedure is doing now the message is displayed like this READ nn WRITE nn VERIFY nn 42 When copy operation is completed screen display like this DCOPY COMPLETE INSERT SYSTEM DISKETTE THEN TYPE lt CR gt WHEN READY This means DCOPY wait for you to check whether system diskette in drive A then press RETURN to return to system If your TPC 2000 has
37. ed memory work space area approximately 5000 characters in a 16KCP M system th file size which can be edited is not limited since data is easily paged through this work area Upon initiation ED creates the specified source file if it does not exist and opens the file for access The programmer then appends data from the source file into the work area if the source file already exists see the A command for editing The appended data can then be displayed altered and written from the work area back to the disk see the W command Particular points in the program can be automatically paged and located by context see the N command allowing easy access to particular portions of a large file Given that the operator has typed ED X ASM lt cr gt the ED program creates an intermediate work file with the name X S55 to hold the edited data during the ED run Upon completion of ED the X ASM file original file is renamed to X BAK and the edited work file is renamed to X ASM Thus the XBAK file contains the original 29 unedited file and the X ASM file contains the newly edited file The operator can always return to the previous version of a file by removing the most recent and renaming the previous version Suppose for example that the current X ASM file was improperly edited the seguence of CCP comand shown below would reclaim the backup file DIR X lt cr gt Check to see that BAK file is available
38. empt to write to the read only disk x CP M waits until a key is depressed before performing an automatic warm start at which time the disk becomes R W 3 62 ASM ufn lt cr gt The ASM command loads and executes the CP M 8080 assembler The ufn specifies a source fil econtaining assembly language statements where the secondary name is assumed to be ASM and thus is not specified The following ASM commands are valid ASM X ASM GAMMA The two pass assembler is automatically executed If assembly error occur during the second pass the errors are printed at the console The assembler produces a file X PRN where x is the primary name specified in the ASM command The PRN file contains a listing of the source program with imbedded tab characters if present in the source program along with machine code generated for each statemnt and diagnostic error messages if any The PRN file can be listed at the console using th TYPE command or sent to a peripheral device using PIP see the PIP command structure below Note also that the PRN file contains the original source program augmented by miscellaneous assembly information in the leftmost 16 columns program addresses and hexadecimal machine code for example Thus the PRN file can serve as a backup for the original source file if the source file is accidently removed or destroyed the PRN file can be edited see the ED operator s guide by removing the leftmost 16 charact
39. er gt on the keyboard 3 The console will display 44 4 7 y 8 Memory Test Ver 1 0 Range The proper response for is 500 E200 4 The console will begin displaying a message OK and a slowly counting string of numbers 5 Allow the test to run for at least one full line if no difficulties are encountered 6 If a bad memory cell is encountered the system will display a series of numbers from which the bad circuit chip can be identified CRTEST The CRIEST program is a demostration program to test TPC 2000 monitor performance When you press CRIEST lt cr gt at command line then you will see sixteen combinations of HALF BRIGHT INVERSE VIDEO UNDER LINE and BLINKING A message TYPE lt ESC gt TO RETURN SYSTEM will display at 23th line of screen If you want return system from CRTEST just only press lt ESC gt then warm start is being executed FUNCTION The FUNCTION Utility lets user assigns any function he wants to any of his TPC 2000 personal computer function and numeric keypad keys For example if you want the Function key labelled F2 to display for drive B when you press F2 then you must assign the directory command to the F2 key using the FUNCTION Utility When invoked FUNCTION first display a list of all the function keys and any current function key assignments this menu is shown like this TPC 2000 FUNCTION UTILITY V 2 02 DATE mm dd yy FUNCTION KEY FI DEFAULT DIR lt CR gt FUN
40. erchange Program which implements the basic media conversion operations necessary to load print punch copy and combine disk files The PIP program is initiated by typing one of the following forms 1 PIP lt cr gt 2 PIP command line lt cr gt In both cases PIP is loaded into the TPA and executed In case 1 PIP reads command lines directly from the console prompting with the character until an empty command line is typed i e a single carrige return is issued by the operator Each successive command line causes some media conversion to take place according to the rules shown below Form 2 of the PIP command is eguivalent to the first except that the single command line given with the PIP command is automatically executed and PIP terminates immediately with no further prompting of the console for input command lines The form of each command line is destination source 1 source f2 source n lt cr gt where destination is the file or peripheral device to receive the data and source 1 sourcefn represents a series of one or more files or devices which are copied from left to right to the destination When multiple files are given in the command line i e n gt 1 the individual files are assumed to contain ASCII characters with an assumed CP M end of file character ctl Z at the end of each file see the o parameter to override this assumption The egual symbol can be replaced by a left orient
41. ers of each line this can be done by issuing a singleeditor macro command The resulting file is identical to the original source file and can be renamed REN from PRN to ASM for subseguent editing and assembly The file x HEX is also produced which 8080 machine language in Intel hex format suitable for subseguent loading and execution see the LOAD command For complete details of CP M s assembly language program see the CP M Assembler language ASM User s Gudie Similar to other transient commands the source file for assemly can be taken from an alternate disk by prefixing the assembly language file name by a disk drive name Thus the command ASM B ALPHA lt cr gt loads the assembler from the currently logged drive and operates upon the source program ALPHA ASM on drive B The HEX and PRN files are also placed on drive B in this case 3 63 LOAD ufn lt cr gt The LOAD command reads the file ufn which is assumed to contain hex format machine code and produces a memory image file which oan be subseguenly executed The file name ufn is assumed to be of the form 21 x HEX and thus only the name x need be SPA in the command The LOAD command creates a file named X COM which marks it as containing machine executable code The file is actually loaded into memory and executed when the user types the file name x immediaietly after the prompting character gt printed by
42. facing detached keyboards to terminals It can reduce the usual 18 to 24 wire keyboard to terminal interconnection to a 5 wire connection The 96 key operation is a simple direct interface to 12 X 8 matrix keyboard The additional capability of a 144 key option can be obtained by implementing an inexpensive 4 to 12 line decoder ICbetween the MM57499 and a 12 X 12 matrix keyboard If fewer than 96 or 144 keys are used no connection is required in the matrix at the unused key locations 18 1 f 6 1 SECTION VI KEYBOARD The keyboard consists of four main keypads and three LED indicators E 1 NUMERIC KEYPADS 2 ALPHANUMERIC KEYPADS l 3 LED INDICATORS NAN 4 SPECIAL FUNCTION KEYPADS l ESEC sm ERD OEE EG ee DI EUO AF ID LTT II EAA GEE LTT a ee 5 z a Boo Sigg PEI AA Figure 6 1 TPC 2000 Standard Keyboard Layout Numeric Pad Funetions gt The numeric keypad enters numbers in calculator fashion Each key generates the same character as the corresponding numeric key on the alphanumeric keypad These keys are not affected by SHIFT CAPS LOCK or CONTROL keys ho yngan A v The ENTER key generates the termination character same as LINE FEED key on alphanumeric keypad The TAB key generates the same code as TAB key on the alphanumeric keypad we 3 There are five edit function keys LINE INS LINE DEL CHAR INS CHAR DEL and INS OFF which wil
43. format diskette number 2 means 5 25 single side 96 TPI format diskette number 3 means 5 25 double side 96 TPI format diskette number 4 means 8 single side double density format diskette number 5 means 8 double side double density format diskette 6 number means reserved for future use Simply select the required function by number the console will display INPUT DRIVE NAME A B C D After entering the drive name and typing lt cr gt The REFORM program will then reguest that the diskette to be formatted be placed in the selected drive Once the diskette is installed enter lt cr gt and the reformatting process will begin Now a message indicateing track number is displayed on screen After the first disk has been formatted change to a fresh disk and press lt cr gt the program will repeat the previous operation Remember do not try to write on a new disk until it has been formatted or you might get a BDOS error TATUNG TPC 2000 REFORM program has auto mode feature that means user need not use MODE utility to set drive mode before any attemption to perform reformation on 8 diskettes Table 4 1 Disk Format Set For TPC 2000 ISK TYPE DF BYTE FORMATTED SECTOR CAPACITY VIRTUAL gn Siya 5 1 4 8 8 HARD DISK DCHECK After a diskette is formatted you may need DCHECK program to ensure that the diskette has been successfully formatted
44. gure 1 2 Rear Panel Use the supplied cables to interconnect these separate parts be very careful and make sure that all connectors are pluged in right direction Next plug the TPC 2000 end of the computer s power cord into the TPC 2000 on the rear left side of the TPC 2000 de and the other end into a three prong grounded wall outlet Now the TPC 2000 is compiea set up turn the power on the power switch is on the upper right corner of the front panel you will hear a beep sound and an underline cursor should appear at upper left corner of the screen Get the system diskette from its package and insert it into drive A the built in drive on the right side of the system with the label facing up and the oval cutout toward the back f the disk drive clamp the front lever down Depress F1 key this sequence is called System Boot In this sequence the disk drive will make whirring and clacking noises as CP M 80 is loaded into memory The first thing that CP M 80 does after it is loaded into memory is to display the following message on your screen 64K TATUNG DOS VERS V VV A gt i a where 64K indicate that the memory size of TPC 2000 the version number represented above by V W tells you the revision level of the Tatung version that you own A gt is system prompt to tell you CP M 80 is ready to read a command from your keyboard It also tells you that drive A is your default drive That means that until yo
45. he SYSGEN need not take place In fact a new diskette needs absolutely no initialization to be used with CP M 3 6 7 SUBMIT ufn parmf1 parmfn lt cr gt The SUBMIT command allows CP M commands to be batched together for automatic processing The ufn given in the SUBMIT command must be the filename of a file which exists on the currently logged disk With an assumed file type of SUB The SUB file contains CP M prototype commands with possible parameter substitut on The actual parameters parmff1 parm n are substituted into the prototype commands and if no errors occur the file of substituted commands are procssed seguentially by CP M Ed The prototype command file is created using the ED program with interspersed parameters of the form 1 1 2 3 n corresponding to the number of actual parameters which will be included when the file is submitted for executed the actual parametes parm 1 parm n are paired with the formal parameters 1 n in the prototype commands If thenumber of forma and actual parameters does not correspond then the submit function is abortedwith an error 32 message at the console The SUBMIT function creates a file of substituted commands with the nae SUB on the logged disk When the system reboots at the termination of the SUBMIT this comnand file is read by the CCP as a source of input rather than the console If the SUBMIT function 1s performed on any disk o
46. host computer it can simulate other types of terminals By sending terminal control code tables from the host computer Unpacking the TPC 2000 Carefully unpack the TATUNG TPC 2000 computer Do not use a sharp or pointed instrument to open the packing box as this may pierce the protective covering and scratch the finish on the machine Carefully remove the computer from the shipping carton and inspect for external damage If any damage is noted please notify TATUNG and file a claim for damages with the shipping Carrier Do not discard the shipping carton and any of package related parts as these should be used to return Before return ensure that the package method is the same as TATUNG original package you received the machine to TATUNG in the event of a hardware malfunction Assuming that there is no damage position the computer in such a way that there is clear access to the front and rear panels Ensure that the ventilation ports on the sides are clear and unobstructed POESIAS MDO NTE OR 1 3 Setup and How to Get TPC 2000 Started As shown in Figure 1 1 the TPC 2000 microcomputer system should include processor unit CRT display and detachable keyboard EEA Vo CRI Drive B CPU Drive A Power Keyboard Switch Connector Figure 1 1 Front Panel Fuse AC Outlet DIP Switch Centronic Type Expansion N Printer Connector Bus Connector Monitor 8 Drive Connector Connector RS 232 Port Fi
47. iew a segment of output before continuing the control and letter keys simultaneously Further CCP command lines can generally be up to 255 characters in length they are not acted upon until the carriage return key is typed Transient Commands Transient commands are loaded from the currently logged disk and executed in the TPA The transient commands defined for execution under the CCP are shown below Additions can easily be defined by the user see the LOAD command definition STAT ASM LOAD DDT PIP ED SYSGEN SUBMIT DUMP MOVCPM List the number of bytes of storage remaining on the currently logged disk provide statistical information about particular files and display or alter device assignment Load the CP M assembler and assemble the specified progeam from disk Load the file in Intel hex machine code format ana produce a file in machine executable form which can be loaded into the TPA this loaded program becomes a new command under the CCP Load the CP M debugger into TPA and start execution Load the Peripheral Interchange Program for subs equent disk file and peripheral transfer operations Load and execute the CP M text editor program Create a new CP M system diskette Submit a file of commands for batch processing Dump the contents Ga file in hex Regenerate the CP M system for a particular memory size 18 Transient commands are specified in the same manner as b
48. ive and answer with the drive name Otherwise type a lt cr gt and the system will reboot from drive A Typing drive name x will cause SYSGEN to prompt with DESTINATION ON x THEN TYPE RETURN Place new diskette into drive x type return when ready FUNCTION COMPLETE New diskette 1s initialized in drive x The DESTINATION prompt will be repeated until a single carriage 31 return is typed at the console so that more than one disk can be initialized Upon completion of a successful system generation the new diskette contains the operating system and only the built in commands are available A factory fresh IBM compatible diskette appears to CP M as i a diskette with an empty directory therefore the operator must copy j the approprite COM files from an existing CP M diskette to the newly constructed diskette using the PIP transient The user can copy all files from an exi ting diskette by typing the PIP command PIPB A V lt cr gt en which copies all files from disk drive A to disk drive B and verifies that each file has been copied correctly The name of each file is displayed at the console as the copy operation proceeds It should be noted that a SYSGEN does not destroy the files which already exist on a diskette it results only in construction of a new Operating system Further if a diskette is being used only on drives B through D and will never be the source of a bootstrap operation on drive A t
49. l Byster Block Diagram arar ae 6 1 TPC 2000 Standard keyboard Layout ura Y 6 2 Numerical Keypad ideo a als ada O 6 3 LED Indicator AS as ias Ol OD O O MN TABLES 4 1 Disk Format Set For TPC 2000 o vos ce np o o n 0 sn do on nos 39 1 1 1 2 SECTION I NSTALLATION Introduction This manual is designed for people who want to learn to program the computer or to bring economy and efficiency to his business With this manual and a TATUNG TPC 2000 desktop small business computer and a bit of your time and attention you will find that there is nothing difficult about using TPC 2000 The TPC 2000 is the ideal system for the small business with data processing requirements This system allows streaming of time consuming tasks such as inventory control order entry and billing It runs the CP M V2 2 Operating System and all utilities and application softwares designed for CP M Simply add a TTL INPUT OUTPUT board onto TPC 2000 the TPC 2000 becomes an industrial controller for such as ROBOT chemial PH control etc As computing requirements grow the TPC 2000 can become a workstation of the host computer with its built in floppy drive serving as local storage Because the TPC 2000 has a function which allows it to accept down loads from the host computer it can work as a workstation with or without its disk drive s When the TPC 2000 functions as a terminal of a
50. l End of medium Substitute Escape File separator l Group separator Record separator Unit separator Space Apostrophe O me A ee ame O A LU CE OD RID LUD SS ND 90 E EEDD ATO IF O GWD SC CS SO SU O A O o I DI YD WED ee AS O GYD AD O a CC E O a a ASCII Decimal Hex Octal Control symbol value value value character Meaning i i 40 28 050 k 41 29 051 S 42 ZA 052 43 2B 053 t 44 2C 054 Comma 45 2D 055 l Minus E 46 2E 056 M Period 47 er 057 O 48 30 060 1 49 31 061 2 50 32 062 3 SL 33 063 1 52 34 064 5 93 35 065 6 54 36 066 7 55 37 067 8 56 38 070 9 57 sa 071 a 58 3A 072 59 3B 073 lt 60 3C 074 61 3D 075 gt 62 3E 076 J 63 3F 077 e 64 40 080 A 65 41 081 Be 66 42 082 C 67 43 083 D 68 44 084 E 69 45 085 F 70 46 086 ss G 71 47 087 H 72 48 090 I 73 49 091 J 74 4A 092 K 75 4B 093 L 76 4c 094 M 77 4D 095 N 78 4E 096 O 79 4F 097 P 80 50 120 Q 81 51 121 R 82 52 122 S 83 53 123 T 84 54 124 U 85 55 125 V 86 56 126 W 87 5 127 EN o GIS Y 4 2 22 O o A a a A a ty ASCII Decimal Hex Octal Control symbol value value value character Meaning X 88 58 130 Y 89 59 31 Z 90 5A 32 91 5B 133 N 92 SC 34 a 5D 135 94 l SE 136 l l 95 oF 137 Underline E 96 60 140 a 97 61 141 b 98 62 142 c 99 63 143 pr d 100 64 144 M e 101 65 145 E 102 66 146 g 103 67 47 h 104 68 150 1 105 69 151 j
51. l be discuss in section 6 4 2 The numeric pad keys are shown as below 33 og 90 OBOCH A He E E Figure 6 2 Numerical Keypad l 6 2 Alphanumeric Keypad 6 2 1 General M FU The alphanumeric key A Z punctuation and shiftable numeric keys are arranged and like the familiar standard typewriter layout function as such These keys generate ASCII codes to the computer 6 2 2 RESET Press RESET key causes the TPC 2000 to revert to the initial power on condition 6 2 3 SPACE BAR This key transmits a SP code 20H If received it causes the character at the cursor position to be erased and the cursor advances right one character position After the cursor reaches the last character position of the currently occupied line it moves to the next line down When the cursor reaches the last character position on the bottom display line further movement causes it to return to first t position of next line and screen scroll up one line 6 2 4 SHIFT This key is used to change the typewriter alphanumeric characters from lowercase to uppercase in the ALL CHAR mode It always selects the upper legend on non alphanumeric keys 6 2 5 CTRL When pressed simultaneously with another key it transmits a code that has a special meaning to system See section 6 5 3 50 FN Md SIR CT AA A ymu LOI YN TREND WY HE PLT TR GW TEL DYW AU EERE NND AES LYW A E IR FD A A A 6 2 6 ESC This
52. le protection against such interference Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause interference in which case the user at his own expense will be required to take whatever measures may be required to correct the interference If this equipment does cause interference to radio or television reception which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on the user is Move the computer away from the receiver Plug the computer into a different outlet so that computer and receiver are on different branch circuits If necessary the user should consult the dealer or an experienced radio television technician for additional suggestions The user may find the following booklet prepared by the Federal Communications Commission helpful How to Identify and Resolve Radio TV Interference Problems This booklet is available from the US Government Printing Office Washington DC 20402 Stock No 004 000 00345 4 aaa a q am Oe ee a a a a OD yN _ ee te O yD ND on ee For continued protection against risk of fire replace only with same type and ratings of fuse encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures Reorient the receiving antenna Relocate the computer with respect to the receiver l i CONTENTS SECTION PAGE LO INSTALLATION sesssceceeeceesececeeeees PR a PERA s A Introduction sa a UG YRU a AAA
53. le systems while disk files generated on other manufacture s equipment will produce the BAD SECTOR message when read by the MDS In any case recovery from this condition is accomplished by typing a ctl C to reboot this is the safest or a return which simply ignores the bad sector in the file operation Note however that typing a return may destory your diskette integrity if the operation is a directory write so make sure you have adeguate backups in this case The SELECT error occurs when there is an attempt to address a drive beyond the A through D range In this case the value of x in the error message gives the selected drive The system reboots following any input from the console The READ ONLY message occurs when there is an attempt to write to a diskette which has been designated as read only in a STAT command or has been set to read only by the BDOS In general the operator should reboot PM either by using the warm start procedure ctl C or by performing a cold start whenever the diskettes are changed If a changed diskette is to be read but not written BDOS allows the diskette to be changed without the warm or cold start but internally marks the drive as read only The status of the drive is subseguently changed to read write if a warm or cold start occurs Upon issuing this message CP M waits for input from the console An automatic warm start takes place following any input 37 Y E a
54. ly indicate which disk is the currently logged disk the CCP always prompts the operator with the disk name followed by the symbol lt indicating that the CCP is ready for another command Upon initial start up the CP M system is brought in from disk A and the CCP displays the message xxK CP M VER m m where xx is the memory size in kilobytes which this CP M system manages and m m is the CP M version number All CP M systems are initially set to operate in a 16k memory space but can be easily reconfigured to it any memory size on the host system see the MOVCPM transient command Following system signon CP M automatically logs 11 in disk A prompts the user with the symbol A gt indicating that CP M is currently addressing disk A and waits for a command The commands are implemented at two levels built in commands and transient commands Nearly all of the commands reference a particular file or group of files The form of a file reference is specified below 3 2 1 File References A file reference identifies a particular file or group of files on particular disk attached to CP M These file references can be either unambiguous ufn or ambiguous afn An unambiguous file reference uniquely identifies a single file while an ambiguous file reference may be satisfied by a number of different files File referneces consist of two parts the primary name nd the secondarty name Although the secondar
55. n lt cr gt o comoooooooconconoso cercscrsees sio rala au aca 21 3 6 4 PIP lt cr gt ecccorecercor coco se coca reco sa se sacarose soro OD ssa rasos 22 3 6 5 ED UfM lt Cr gt a Is a a 29 3 0 6 SYSGEN ECTS 4 GW a O BU a a a ia SA 3 6 7 SUBMIT ufn parm 1 parm n lt cr gt 9 090909 e0aoeooe aeooeeoeeosn 32 3 6 8 DUMP UfM KOP id A a oF S6 G en rica is D 3 7 BDOS Error Messages ooooooosooscscsonccccsrorcrrcsccccrorcsnsross OD IV TPC 2000 SOFTWARE UTILITIES ooooooooononoporcrrrrcororananos s 38 4 1 REFORM COCO AC SA DAL AC AC JE DAC AL OA OA OA AC AC AC JAK JAK JAK JC JC AC JA M DAC COLO AC JA SA AC AC A A 0 0 0 6 38 4 2 DCHECK 0 0000006000000000000006000000000000006000 000 JA OL A AC AC Da A A AC AC A AA 39 SECTION PAGE 4 3 MODE ee9 9099999999 OODD DOD ODD oan 40 4 4 DCOPY sooooooosnomoccronsrnocnoroscaroncorcrconosacoororrosaronoso 41 4 5 SETUP ooooonoonnoorososconranaaoornonannanonorrarosorsnrrrrrrrrs 43 de SMES neces I 44 Act CRIEST dadavees toe v sd dona v o va d Uu Un euo e 45 mao SEUNG TIONG Santidad o pn 45 V TPC 2000 HARDWARE E A lo DJ O RD DL 47 SerialPort XSIOSE DART ic Al Parallel Pork APIO eM das da oot Counter Tamer arcu CIC une A ss AN Floppy Disk Formatter Controller FDC zada spad a 48 ERT Controller CRIC ue sas aaa oia aa DO Serial Keyboard Encoder SKE A A dw 48 NHS TT OTJ o U 01 Oi Oi I DU DB O DVD a V KEYBOARD OL OO CUCA qo
56. n system will wait for another key input and halt display output same as type eS if CP M is running and all appropriate characters are shifted A second depression of the SHIFT Loc key will turn off SHIFT LED indicator and lower case ASCII is again transmitted 6 3 3 CAPLOC The CAP LOC mode will capitalize alphabet and appropriate key and simultaneously turn on CAP LED indicator system will wait for another key input and halt display output same as type S if CP M is running a second depression of the CAP LOC key transits a CAP LOC off signal to turn of CAP LED indicator and the key board is returned to normal When more than one mode is entered coincidentally refer to the key codes for mode dominance t 6 3 4 LOCAL The only alternate key on the key board is LOCAL key it is available only when the bit 3 ON OFF LINE mode of the DIP SW on rear panel is ON OFF LINE mode In this situation press LOCAL key to switch between ON LINE mode and OFF LINE mode lt lt 6 4 Special Function Keypads 6 4 1 Cursor Movement The cursor movement key are shown as below Bl BACK Lan D i Vo TAB HOME LF SPACE RETURN ENTER Em CURSOR LEFT ESC Bs 2 UY Depression of this key moves the cursor to the left If the cursor at the first character position on a line the cursor moves to the last character on the line above and upon a iine home moves to the last position on the last line a CURSOR RIGH
57. nds illustrate this format REN A X ASM Y ASM The file Y ASM is changed to X ASM on drive A REN B ZAP BAS ZOT BAS The file ZOT BAS is changed to ZAP BAS on drive B REN B A ASM BAK The file A BAK is renamed to A ASM on drive B If the file ufn is already present the REN command will respond with the error FILE EXISTS and not perform the change If ufn2 does not exist on the specified diskette then the message NOT FOUND is printed at the console SAVE n ufn lt cr gt The SAVE command places n pages 256 byte blocks onto disk from the TPA and names this file ufn In CP M distribution system the TPA starts at 100H hexadecimal which is the second page of memory Thus if the user s program occupies the area from 100H through 2FFH the SAVE command must specify 2 pages of memory The machine code file can be subseguently loaded and executed Examples are SAVE 3 X COM Copies 100H through 3FEH to X com SAVE 40 O Copies 100H through 28FFH to O note that 28 is the page count in 28FFH and that 28H 2 16 8 40 decimal SAVE 4 X Y Copies 10H through 4FFH to X Y The SAVE command can also specify a disk drive in the afn portion of 16 3 4 5 3 5 te command as shown below SAVE 10 B ZOT COM Copies 10 pages 100H through AFFH to the file ZOT COM on drive B TYPE ufn lt cr gt The TYPE command displays the contents of the ASH source file ufn on the currently logged disk at the console devie Valid TYPE c
58. nel B 14 Y5 Reset EPROM containing the initialize program 15 Y5 Ring the bell 16 Y5 High resolution display 17 YO Text out display 18 Y6 DIP SW See i 19 Y6 gt Not used IA Y6 Not used IB Y6 Not used 1C Y4 RV Y7 SIO CHB Read Write data to serial I O port RS 232C 1D5 A 7 SIO CHB Read status de Irite command to serial I O port channel B 1E Y7 SIO CHA Read keyboard data rite keyboard indicator 1F Y7 SIO CHA Read status Write command to serial I O port channel A 20 YO Virtual disk 21 Yl Irite track number 22 Y2 Write sector number 23 Y3 sc I O o a a SO O a E O O o O A O A O O IS O A SI O O OU O Se OS VETO cc a mi 62 o o V i baud rate i i parity t 1 1 t i i i reserved i on off line full half duplex SW 8 0 Half duplex SW 7 6 5 4 Baud Rate 1 Full duplex _ nn 000 S 19200 50 O O 1 i 9600 Oe ak YW A 4800 X SA 4 0 On line Ot i 2400 1 Off line 1 91 ed 1200 AO DAEN j 600 SW 3 Reserved X1 1 i 300 1 1 i 110 AS A O j SW 2 Parity gt 0 Odd 1 Even SW 1 Parity enable gt 0 Enable 1 Disable X No 63 it APPENDIX C FUNCTIONS TABLE LIST FUNCTIONS REMOTE C
59. nt on the source diskette Before copying to a brand new diskette you must first prepare it with the REFORM utility If you copy to a used diskette DCOPY writes all the information from the source diskette over the information on the destination diskette This utility can not be used to copy a single density diskette to a double density diskette or a double density diskette to a single density diskette this means both diskettes must be formatted to the same type They must both be 8 or 5 25 single side or double side and single density or double density diskettes To successfully copy from one disk to another you must make sure that your destination diskette is not write protected Check that there is no foil tab covering the write enable notch on the edge of your 5 25 diskette or there is foil tab covering the write protect notch on the edge of your 8 diskette before inserting the diskette into the destination drive The first step to use this utility is to type DCOPY lt cr gt next to the 41 system prompt and you will see screen displayed as follow A gt DCOPY lt cr gt TATUNG TPC 2000 DISK COPY PROGRAM V2 22 8 SINGLE SIDE SINGLE DENSITY 5 25 SINGLE SIDE 96 TPI 5 25 DOUBLE SIDE 96 TPI 8 SINGLE SIDE DOUBLE DENSITY 8 DOUBLE SIDE DOUBLE DENSITY Op wh Pp SELECT BY NUMBER Simply select the reguir
60. of CP M and places this image in memory in preparation for a system generation operation The command forms are MOVCPM lt cr gt Relocate and execute CP M for management of the current memory configuration memory is examined for contiguous RAM starting at 100H Upon completion of the relocation the new system is executed but not permanently recorded on the diskette MOVCPM n lt cr gt Create a relocated CP M system for management of an n kilobyte system n must be in the range 16 to 64 and execute the system as described above MOVCPM lt cr gt Construct a relocated memory image for the current memory configuration but leave the memory image in memory in preparation for a SYSGEN operation 34 MOVCPM n lt cr gt Construct a relocated memory image for an n kilobyte memory system and leave the memory image in preparation for a SYSGEN operation The command MOVCPM lt cr gt for example cnstructs a new version of the CP M system and leaves it in memory ready for a SYSGEN operation The message READY FOR SYSGEN OR SAVE 32 CPMxx COM is printed at the console upon completion where xx is the current memory size in kilobytes The operator can then type SYSGEN lt cr gt Start the system generation SOURCE DRIVE NAME OR RETURN TO SKIP Respond with a lt cr gt to skip the CP M read operation since the system is already in memory as a result of the previous MOVCPM operation
61. ommands arc TYPE X Y TYPE X PLM TYPE XXX The TYPE command expands tabs ctl I characters assumming tab positions are set at every eighth column The ufn can also reference a drive name as shown below TYPE B X PRN The file X PRN from drive Bis displayed Line Editing and Output Control The CCP allows certain line editing functions while typing command lines rubout Delete and echo the last character typed at the console ctl U Delete the entire line typed at the console cti X Same as ctl U ctl R Retype current command line types a clean line following character deletion with rubouts ctl E Physical end of line carriage is returned but line is not sent until the carriage return key is depressed ctl C CP M system reboot warm start ctl Z End input from the console used in PIP and ED The control functions ctl P and ct S affect console output as shown below ctl P Copy all subseguent console output to the currently assigned list device see the STAT command Output is sent to list 17 3 6 ctl S Note that the ctl key sequences shown above are obtained by depressing device and the console device until the next ctl P is typed Stop the console output temporarily Program execution and output continue when the next character is typed at the console e g another ctl S This feature is used to stop output on high speed consoles such as CRT s in order to v
62. ountered to this point you can now begin using your computer It is suggested that you familiarize yourself with the rest of this manual prior to starting any major operations NOTE Always remove your diskettes from the disk drives before you turn off your TPC 2000 1 4 Routine Operating Instructions For the initial startup and checkout of your system consult Section 1 3 of this manual to ensure that your computer is operational After the system is completely checked out and operating correetly use the following instructions as a guide for routine system startup Consult Figures 1 1 through 1 3 if required for positioning and placement information The following instructions assume that your system uses a standard CRT display and a detachable keyboard Figure 1 3 Diskette Insert 1 5 Turn on the power switch on the front panel of the TPC 2000 If appropriate turn on the power switch on the printer or other peripheral device s Release the front lever of both drives Insert a system disk a disk containing the CP M Operating System program on tracks 0 1 and 2 in the drive A with the manufacturer s label facing on Refer to Figure 1 3 for the correct method of inserting the disk And clamp the front lever of drive A o DO Rs Make sure your system is set on by real panel switch please refer Appendix B and press F1 keys to cause the system to AUTO Boot the system will display
63. pecial case the command DIR lists the files on the currently logged disk the command DIR is equivalent to the command DIR Valid DIR commands are shown below DIR X Y DIR X Z C M DIR Y Similar to other CCP commands the afn can be preceded by a drive name The following DIR commands cause the selected drive to be addressed before the directory search takes place DIR B DIR B X Y DIR B A M If no files can be found on the selected diskette which satisfy the directory reguest the then message NOT FOUND is typed at the console 3 4 3 REN ufn1zufn2 lt cr gt The REN rename command allows the user to change the names of files on disk The file satisfying ufn2 is changed toufn1 The currenty 15 3 4 4 logged disk is assumed to contain the file to rename ufn1 The CCP also allows the user to type a left directed arrow instead of the equal sign Examples of the REN command are REN X Y Q R The file Q R is changed to X Y REN XYZ COM XYZ XXX The file XYZXXX is changed to XYZ COM The operator can preceded either ufn1 or ufn2 or both by an optional drive address Given that ufn 1 is preceded by a drive name then ufn2 is assumed to exist on the same drive asufni Similarly if ufn2 is preceded by a drive names then ufn1 is assumed to reside on hat drive as well If both ufn1 and ufn2 are proceded by drive names then the same drive must be specified in both cases The following REN comma
64. pied line to be deleted and the remaining lines below to move up one line DEL INS STOP INSERT MODE OFF ESC SOH Depression of this key will stop the mode you just in Insert mode CLEAR ERASE END OF LINE EOL ESC SI 297459 This key cause of all displayed data from the current cursor position to the end of the line is erased CLEAR A30 ERASE END OF FRAME EOF ESC CAN 27 v A This key causes erase of all displayed data from the current cursor position to the end of screen CLEAR SCREEN RESET ESC FS 04 94 The TPC 2000 may be reset from keyboard you press the RESET key the TPC 2000 memory is cleared and the program is run just as if the TPC 2000 power switch has been turned off and then back on when this feature is performed the contents of the screen memory are erased Others Visual Attributes Associated keys are shown as below ESC SP One character First press ESC then press SPACE after that you press one of the following characters you can get the attributer vision you desired on your screen 99 a INVERSE VIDEO X X X X X X X X UNDER LINE X X X X X ox X X BLINKING x x x x x x x x From the above table you can see the character of can turn back to normal video vision 6 5 2 Function Key The operation of the special function key is determined by the user F1 FORMAT ESC NUL 1 any 16 characters ESC F2 FORMAT ESC NUL 2 any 16 Ree ESC F3 FORMAT ESC NUL 3 any 16 characters
65. py all disk files from the disk A onto disk B and verifies that each file has been copied correctly The name of each file is displayed at the CRT as the copy operation proceeds When this is completed the system will again display the prompt symbol A gt You n6w have a complete copy of your original disk Release the front levers for both drives and remove both disks from their drives Store the original disk in safe place Place the copied disk into drive A and clamp the front lever Type a CTRL C Note The character represents the Control function and C is typed by holding down the control key while typing a C The system should respond with the A gt prompt symbol If you are using an external hard copy printer connect its cable to Centronic type printer jack on the rear of the computer Plug in the printer s power cord and turn on its power switch Make any other necessary settings on the printer in accordance with the printer s operating manual Refer to the SETUP Command if it is necessary to change the Operating System Test the printer by typing the command PIP LST A DUMP ASM lt er gt If all is working correctly the printer will begin typing a copy of the CP M DUMP source program Save this printout for future reference This completes the initial setup and checkout If you have encountered any difficulties refer to Appendix F and Appendix G of this manual Assuming that no difficulties have been enc
66. r transient commands editing can take place on a drive different from the currently logged disk by preceding the source file 30 a name by a drive name Examples of valid edit requests are shown below ED A X ASM lt cr gt Edit the file X ASM on drive A with new file and backup on drive A ED B X ASM A lt cr gt Edit the file X ASM on drive B to the temporary file X on drive A On termination of editing change X ASM on drive B to X BAK and change X on drive A to X ASM 3 6 6 SYSGEN lt cr gt The SYSGEN transient command allows generation of an initialized diskette containing the CP M operating system The SYSGEN program prompts the console for commands with interaction as shown below SYSGEN lt cr gt Initiate the SYSGEN program SYSGEN VERSION m m SYSGEN sign on message SOURCE DRIVE NAME OR RETURN TO SKIP Respond with the drive name one of the letters A B C or D of the disk containing a CP M system usually A If a copy of CP M already exists in memory due to a MOVCPM command type a lt cr gt only Typing a drive name x will cause the response SOURCE ON x THEN TYPE RETURN Place a diskette containing the CP M operating system on drive x x is one of A B C or D Answer with lt cr gt when ready FUNCTION COMPLETE System is copied to memory SYSGEN will then prompt with DESTINATION DRIVE NAME OR RETURN TO REBOOT If a diskette is being initialized place the new disk into a dr
67. sers and the CP NET for local networks Both operating systems support a wide range of application languages OPERATING SYSTEM CP M V W CP NET UTILITIES KSAM DATASTAR SUPERSORT WORDSTAR SUPERCALC VEDIT BISYNC L80 LIB80 DBASE II LANGUAGES ASM M80 MAC FORTRAN CBASIC CB80 MBASIC PASCAL M PASCAL MT COBOL80 Sd SECTION CP M OPERATING SYSTEM General Description CP M is a monitor control program for microcomputer system development which uses IBM compatible flexible disks for backup storage CP M provides a general environment for program construction storage and editing along with assembly and program check out facilities It also provides rapid access to programs through a comprehensive file management package The file subsystem supports a named file structure allowing dynamic allocation of file space as well as seguential and random file access Using this file system a large number of distinct programs can be stored in both source and machine executable form CP M also supports a powerful context editor Intel compatible assembler and debugger subsystems Optional software includes a powerful Intel compatible macro assembler symbolic debugger along with various high level languages When coupled with CP M s Console Command Processor the resulting facilities egual or excel similar large computer facilities CP M is logically divided into several
68. siter of data by reading Y ZOT which contains hex records including any 00 records which in contain PIP X LIB Y ASM sSUBR1 z q JMP L3 Z lt cr gt Copy from the file Y ASM into the file X LIB Start the copy when the string SUBR1 has been found and quit copying after the string JMP 28 L3 is enccountered PIP PRN X ASM p50 lt cr gt Send X ASM to the LST device with line dels tabs expanded to every eight column and page ejects at every 50th line Note that nt8p60 is the assumed parameter list for a PRN file p50 overrides the default value l 3 6 5 ED ufn lt cr gt The ED program is the CP M system context editor which allows creation and alteration of ASCII files in the CP M environment Complete details of operation are given the ED user s manual ED a Context Editor for the CP M Disk system In general ED allows the operator to create and operate upon source files which are organized nus as a sequence of ASCII characters separated by end of line characters a carriage return line feed sequence There is no practical restriction on line length no single line can exceed the size of the working memory which is instead defined by the number of characters typed between lt er gt s The ED program has a number of commands for chracter string searching replacement and insertion which are useful in the creation and correction of programs or text files under CP M Although the CP M has a limit
69. the CCP In general the CCP reads the name x following the prompting character and looks for a built in function name If no function name is found th CCP searches the system disk directory for a file by the name i x COM If found the machine code is loaded into the TPA and the program executes Thus the user need only LOAD a hex file once it can be subseguently executed any number of times by simply typing the primary name In this way the user can invent new commands in the CCP Initialized disks contain the transient commands as COM files whin can be deleted at the user s option The operation can take place on an alternate drive if the file name is prefixed by a name Thus LOAD B BETA brings the LOAD program into the TPA from the currently logged disk and operates upon drive B after execution begins It must be noted that the BETA HEX file must contain valid Intel format hexadecimal machine code records as produced by the ASM program for example which begin at 100H the beginning of the TPA Further the addresses in the hex records must be in ascending order gaps in unfilled memory regions are filled with zeroes by the LOAD command as the hex records are read Thus LOAD must be used only for creating CP M standard COM files which operate in the TPA Programs which occupy regions of memory other than the TPA can be loaded under DDT PIP lt cr gt PIP is the CP M Peripheral Int
70. the message 64K TATUNG DOS VERS v w and then the symbol A gt will appear This is the indication that the Operating System program has successfully loaded and is controlling the TPC 2000 s operation At this point you may enter the appropriate CP M commands to perform the processing reguired System Shutdown There is only special precaution which should be observed when you are finished with the computer and are preparing to tum it off Power to the computer should not be turned on or off with diskettes in the disk drives Therefore before turning off the power switch release both front levers and remove the diskette or diskettes Failure to observe this precaution could allow an unpredictable magnetic field to erase or alter a small part of the information on the diskette The potentially disastrous result of such an alteration might not be discovered until some time later NOTE Don t switch on TPC 2000 within 30 seconds after power off TPC 2000 or you will break down the power supply of TPC 2000 SECTION II SYSTEM DESCRIPTION Introduction A typical microcomputer system consists of a CPU Central Processing Unit input output storage devices and a program called the Operating System The CPU is a single integrated circuit chip called microprocessor it is the heart of the system Its function is to obtain instructions from the memory and perform the desired operations The input device is usually a ke
71. ther than drive A the commands are not processed until the disk 1s inserted into drive A and the system reboots Further the user can abort command processing at any time by typing a rubout when the command is read and echoed In this case the SUB file is removed and the subsequent commands come from the console Command processing is also aborted if the CCP detects an error in any of the commands Programs which execute under CP M can abort processing of gt eommand files when error conditions occur by simply erasing any existing SUB file In order to introduce dollar signs into a SUBMIT file the user may type a which reduces to a single within the command file Further an up arrow symbol may precede an alphabetic character x which produces a single etl x character within the file The last command in a SUB file can initiate another SUB file thus allowing chained batch commands Suppose the file ASMBL SUB exists on disk and contains the prototype commands ASM 1 l E DIR 1 ERA BAK PIP 2 1 PRN ERA 1 PRN and the command SUBMIT ASMBL X PRN lt er gt is issued by the operator The SUBMIT program reads the ASMBL SUB file substituing X for all occurrences of 1 and PRN for all occurrences of 2 resulting in a SUB file containing the commands ASM X DIR X ERA BAK PIP PRN zX PRN ERA X PRN 33 which are executed in sequence by the CCP The SUBM
72. ts of files and controlling the operation of transient programs such as assemblers editors and debuggers The standard commands which are available in the CCP are listed in a following section The last segment of CP M is the area called the Transient Program Area TPA The TPA holds programs which are loaded from the disk under command of the CCP During program editing for example the TPA holds the CP M text editor machine code and data areas Similarly programs created under CP M can be checked out by loading and executing these programs in the TPA It should be mentioned that any or all of the CP M component subsystems can be overlayed by an executing program That is once a user s program is loaded into the TPA the CCP BDOS and BIOS areas can be used as the program s data area A bootstrap loande is programmatically accessible whenever the BIOS portion is not overlayed thus the user program need only branch to the bootstrap loader at the end of execution and the complete CP M monitor is reloaded from disk i 3 2 Functional Description of CP M The user interacts win CP M primarily through the CCP which reads and interprets commands entered through the console In general the CCP addresses one of seveal disks which are online the standard system addresses up to four different disk drives These disk drives are labelled A B C and D A disk is logged in if the CCP is currently addressing the disk In order to clear
73. tware or by hardware switch one Centronics type interface for parallel printer f MULTI DISPLAY 64KB 4KB i PLEXER RAM MEMORY EPROM poe ba 7 a 771 i EXPANSION s SOMBUTER GRAPHIC OR i SOCKET PRINTER E Lic asa J d 3 a FY e rr b A a A O TO CENTRONIC 7 r 1 i 1 VIRTUAL t I DISK DRIVE FDC i TYPE I i H HARD DISK I 1 PRINTER DISK 1 J t Figure 2 1 System Block Diagram The TPC 2000 detachable keyboard has been designed for easy to used It has 93 sculptured keys arranged in standard typewriter format and includes alpha lock 18 key numeric pad with decimal and 6 programmable function keys which can be used to implement automatically complicated and repetitive operation with a single key stroke The disk drives incorporated in your TPC 2000 vary from model to model according to the followings 1 gt single side 96 TPI 360K Bytes of formatted storage per drive 2 gt double side 96 TPI 720K Bytes of formatted storage per drive A wide range of options is available with the TPC 2000 each is fully supported by TATUNG Color monitor display unit Graphic display board 8 floppy drive TPC 2000 can be added with 2 additional drives if TPC 2000 already has 2 mini floppy drives or 4 drives if TPC 2000 does not have any mini floppy drives Each 8 drive has a 616K single side or 1 2MB double side Virtual disk l Each virtual disk has 256KB
74. u tell CP M 80 to do otherwise it looks for program and data files on the diskette in drive A If your screen display doesn t conform to the above description don t worry Turn the power off then check each connector and system diske tte If everything seems all right you may do the system boot seguence again and the 64K TATUNG DOS VERS 2 24 will display on screen Otherwise you may call your dealer who will give you the best answer TATUNG recommends that you make a backup copy of the TPC 2000 system disk and use that copy to perform all operation the original disk should be stored in a safe place In order to check the function of the distribution diskette and some basic functions of the TPC 2000 type the following command to display a list of the files on the distribution diskette room DIR lt cr gt The screen should display like following format 3 PLE COM SED COM STAT COM I DDT COM DUMP COM SUBMIT COM ASM COM Fl COM LOAD COM REFORM COM SYSGEN COM DCHECK COM MODE COM DCOPY COM SETUP COM CRTEST COM E DAT FUNCTION COM MOVCPM COM PRTEST COM MTS COM XSUB COM In order to obtain a back up copy of system diskette you should insert a blank diskette in drive B then format and generate system on this diskette See Section 5 Copy files from your original disk onto your backup disk type the command PIP B A V lt cr gt The system will co
75. uilt in commands and additional commands can be easily defined by the user As an added convenience the transient command can be preceded by a drive name which causes the transient to be loaded from the specified drive into the TPA for execution Thus the command B STAT causes CP M to temporarily log in drive B for the source of the STAT transient and then return to the original logged disk for subs equent processing The basic transient commands are listed some examples below for detail refer CP M Operating System User s Manual STAT lt cr gt The STAT command provides general statistical information about file storage and device assignment It is initiated by typing one of the following forms STAT lt cr gt STAT command line lt cr gt Special forms of the command line allow the current device assignment to be examined and altered as well The various command lines which can be specified are shown below with an explanation of each form shown to the right STAT lt cr gt If the user types an empty command line the STAT transient calculates the storage remaining on all active drives and prints a message X R W SPACE nnnK or X R O SPACE nnnK for each active drive x where R W indicates the drive may be read or written and R O indicates the drive is read only a drive becomes R O by explicitly setting 1t to read only as shown below or by inadvertantly changing diskettes without performing a warm start Th
76. uit CTC The Z80A Counter Timer Circuit CTC is a programmable component with four independent channels that provide counting and timing functions for microcomputer systems based on the Z80A CPU The CPU can configure the CTC channels to operate under various modes and conditions as required to interface with a wide range of devices In most applications little or no external logic is required The Z80A CTC utilizes N channel silicon gate depletion load technology and is packaged in a 28 pin DIP The TPC 2000 has one CTC with four channels Channel O through 2 are used by the system to control baud rates and head load delay times The fourth channel is available for the user and could provide the services 47 5 4 5 5 5 6 of an interval tinier or a real time clock Floppy Disk Formatter Controller FDC It is a programmable floppy disk formatter controller that interfaces a floppy disk drive directly to a computer interface bus and provides soft sector formatting CRT Controller CRTC The CRTC of TPC 2000 is SY6545 it is the heart of video display control That has alphanumeric and limited graphics capabilities fully programmable display rows columns blanking etc fully programmable cursor and capable of addressing up to 16K character refresh RAM Serial Keyboard Encoder SKE The MM57499 keyboard encoder an NMOS silicon gate technology device is designed to be a minimum IC solution for the purpose of inter
77. urce This parameter is used most often to truncate long lines which are sent to a narrow printer or console device Echo all transfer oprations to the console as they are being per formed Filter form feeds from the file All imbedded form feeds are removed The P parameter can be used simultaneously to insert new form feeds Hex data transfer all data is checked for proper Intel hex file format Nonessential characters between hex records are removed during the copy operation The console will be prompted for corrective action in case errors occur Ignore OO records in the transfer of Intel hex format file the I parameter automatically sets the H parameter Os z 58 2 Translate upper case alphabetics to lower case Add line numbers to each line transfered to the destination starting at one and incrementing by 1 Leading zeroes are suppressed and the number is followed by a colon If N2 is specified then leading zeroes are included and a tab is inserted following the number The tab is expanded if T is set Object file non ASCII transfer the normal CP M end of file is ignored Include page ejects at every n lines with an initial page eject If n 1 or is excluded altogether page ejects occur every 60 lines If the F parameter is used form feed supression takes place before the new page ejects are inserted Quit copying from the source device or file when the string s terminated by ctl Z is encountered
78. x PERRA TR PART NO 5738810101 TATUNG INSTRUCTION MANUAL SMALL BUSINESS COMPUTER TPC 2000 USER S MANUAL TATUNG ELECTRONICS CORP 400 Pai Ling 5th Road Taipei R O C Telex 12861 TATUNG PT VERSION NO 1 1 Tel 02 8941242 JANUARY 1984 Facsimile 02 3145097 NOTICE TATUNG ELECTRONICS CORP has prepared this manual for use by TATUNG custom ers The information contained herein shall not be reproduced in whole or in part without TATUNG S prior written approval TATUNG reserves the right to make improvement in the product described in this manual at any time and without prior notice and the reader should in all cases consult TATUNG to determine whether any such changes have been made Every efforts has been made to ensure that this manual accurately documents the operation and servicing of TATUNG TPC 2000 However due to ongoing improvement along with future products TATUNG can not guarantee the accuracy of printed material after the date of publication nor can TATUNG accept responsibility for errors or omissions This equipment generates uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and 1f not installed and used in accordance with the user s manual may cause interference to radio communications As temporarily permitted by regulation 1t has not been tested for compliance with the limits for Class A computing devices pursuant to Subpart J of Part 15 of FCC Rules which are designed to provide reasonab
79. y ame is optional it usually is generic that is the secondary name ASM for example is used to denote that the file is an assembly language source file while the primary name distinguishes each particular source file The two names are separted by a as show below PPPPPPPP sss where pppppppp represents the primary name of eight characters or less and sss is the secondary name of no more than three characters As mentioned above the name PPPPPPPP 1s also allowed and is eguivalent to a secondary name consisting of three blank The characters used in specifying an unambiguous file reference cannot contain any of the special characters 1 9 J while all alphanumerics remaining special characters are allowed An ambiguous file reference is used for directory search and pattern matching The form of an ambiguous file reference is similar to an unambiguous reference except the symbol may be interspersed throughout the primary and secondary names In various commands throught CP M the symbol matches any character of a file name in the position Thus the ambiguous reference X Z C M vs egu end Lo Que amu de ded ppppppp and sss are abbreviations for ppppppp and sss respectively As an example DIR is interpreted by the CCP as a command to list the names of all disk files in the directory while DIR X Y searches only for a file by the name X Y Similarly the command
80. yboard Typical output devices includes CRT Cathode Ray Tube and printer Storage devices include computer s internal Random Access Memory RAM Read Only Memory ROM and the magnetic floppy disks The RAM is volatile storage it must have power applied to retain its information The floppy disks are non volatile storage because they retain their information regardless of power application The Operating System program enables the computer to accept directions from the user and it must be loaded into the computer before the computer can do the function The Operating System accepts and interprets commands from the keyboard reads from and writes to the floppy disks communicates with the output device s and keeps track of where information is stored on the disks The TATUNG TPC 2000 Integrated desktop microcomputer system is a single user system it is a compact and very attractive desktop unit The standard system consists of the processor unit CRT display detachable keyboard and dual slim line mini floppy disk drives Hardware Overview The TATUNG TPC 2000 computer includes a Z80A 4MHz microprocessor two slim line 5 1 4 mini floppy diskette drives Each system also include 64K bytes RAM and 4K bytes ROM for main memory 4K bytes RAM and 2K bytes ROM for display memory Standard system includes a serial RS 232C interface port for printer baud rate of 110 300 600 1200 2400 4800 9600 or 19200 bps can be selected through sof

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