AMOS user`s guide
Contents
1. To find out what modules are in the system area of memory type SYSTEM followed by a RETURN THE FOLLOWING PROGRAMS ARE ALLOCATED IN SYSTEM MEMORY IRM DVR TOTAL RESIDENT MONITOR SIZE IS 13426 BYTES The total resident monitor size is the number of bytes taken up by system memory The contents of system memory consist of those programs that make up the operating system and those programs shared by all users on the system Use the DIR command with the RES device to see what programs are in system memory or the MAP command see Section 11 2 3 2 Using MAP to Find Out What Modules Are in System Memory NOTE On a hard disk system you can use SYSTEM to find out if the system is running off the cartridge or a fixed disk Type SYSTEM followed by a RETURN If the SYSTEM display says kk SYSTEM IS RUNNING FROM CARTRIDGE DISK xxx the system has booted off the cartridge not a fixed disk Changed 15 October 1979 MEMORY COMMANDS Page 11 6 11 4 SAVING MEMORY MODULES AS FILES SAVE You can save memory modules in your memory partition as disk files by using the SAVE command COMMAND SYNTAX SAVE Filespeci FilespecN Rename extension o COMMAND DEFAULTS SAVE uses a default extension of x if you specify just a filename SAVE saves all memory modules of that name whatever their extension To save a copy of a module as a disk file type SAVE followed by a List of Filespecs selecting the modules you want to save SAVE2. Refer to the documentation for a specific command for information on its defaults 7 2 COMMAND SWITCHES Many of the AMOS commands allow you to select among several command options by including one or more switches on the command line The switch is either a one character code or a short word e g R or QUERY that tells the command which command options to put into effect For example the ERASE command usually does not ask you to confirm deletions if you would ae it to do so you may include the QUERY switch on the ERASE command mes INTRODUCTION TO AMOS COMMANDS Page 7 4 ERASE QUERY BAK gt Separate the switch from the rest of the command Line by preceding it with a slash The command Line above tells ERASE to ask for confirmation before deleting each BAK file from your account Command options available vary depending upon the specific command as does the form that the command switches take For example some commands assume that each new switch starts with a slash E 9 COPY OLD NEW QUERY NODELETE and that switches may appear anywhere on a command line e g ERASE BAK QUERY TXT other commands assume that EVERY single character after a slash to the end of the command line is a separate switch e g MAP FSR Check the documentation in this and other manuals to see how a specific command handles switches uz CHAPTER 8 COMMAND FILES AND DO FILES There are many times when you find you
3. See the manual Introduction to AMOS for an explanation of sequential and random files Most files that you will be using on the AMOS system are sequential files e g all text files that you create with EDIT and VUE If you try to use TYPE on a random file you see CANNOT OPEN filespec FILE TYPE MISMATCH where filespec is the filespec you gave to TYPE You can use TYPE on any kind of sequential tile however if you use TYPE on a non ASCII file the system will still try to display the data in the file as if it were ASCII Therefore although you can use TYPE on a file containing machine language a PRG or OBJ file you will see the data interpreted as if it were text a confusing and meaningless display 10 1 2 TYPE Error Messages Below are some common error messages you can see when using TYPE If you encounter an error not mentioned below refer to Appendix A AMOS System Error Messages 1 CANNOT OPEN filespec FILE NOT FOUND TYPE wasn t able to find the file you specified Check your spelling if that s OK try using the DIR command e g DIR ALL Jfilespec to see if you can Locate the account in which the file appears 2 CANNOT INIT filespec DEVICE DOES NOT EXIST You tried to specify a file on a device that TYPE cannot find Check your spelling if that s OK check with the System Operator to see if the device is a valid system device al YPE DKS1 CRLF MAC P CANNOT INIT DKS1 DEVICE DOES NOT EXIST
4. AMOS user s guide This document refiects AMOS versions 41 and later mor alpha ago more AMOS AlphaBASIC and AM 100 are trademarks of products and software of ALPHA MICROSYSTEMS Irvine CA 92714 1979 ALPHA MICROSYSTEMS ALPHA MICROSYSTEMS 17881 Sky Park North Irvine CA 92714 15 October 1979 DWM 00100 57 CHANGE PAGE PACKET 1 FOR THE AMOS USER S GUIDE 1 0 INTRODUCTION In an effort to keep our users documentation up to date we have begun to issue Alpha Micro software manual update packages Each change page packet contains 1 Update instructions 2 A new title page for the manual you are updating 3 A new table of contents for the updated manual if needed 4 The manual pages we have changed 5 A new index for the updated manual This change page packet is the first such packet for the AMOS User s Guide DWM 00100 35 2 0 UPDATE INSTRUCTIONS To make the update process easier we recommend that you put your AMOS User s Guide into a three ring binder notebook If the pages are attached to one another separate them First remove the title page from this change page packet and exchange it for the title page in the AMOS User s Guide We have not issued a new table of contents with this change page packet because the new pages do not change your current table of contents Now remove the change pages from the packet and substitute them for the original pages listed
5. AMOS command Level The entire process looks Like this DSKCPY Input drive DSKO Output drive DSK1 CCopying 9696 records CDuplication completed Verification completed NOTE FOR HAWK HARD DISK SYSTEM USERS if you have been working off a disk cartridge and want to back up the entire disk you can use DSKCPY However you must first save the contents of the System Disk copy the cartridge contents over the contents of the System Disk then copy the new contents of the System Disk to another disk cartridge You must restore the contents of the System Disk by copying the System Disk backup cartridge to the System Disk This process is tricky since it temporarily destroys the contents of the System Disk and must not be undertaken lightly We advise that the System Operator be in charge of this kind of operation 0f course if you have more than one Hawk drive on your system you can simply copy the cartridge from one drive onto a backup cartridge on the other Hawk drive Changed 15 October 1979 ee APPENDIX A AMOS SYSTEM ERROR MESSAGES Below is a list of most of the error messages that you can see when operating at AMOS command level For information on the specific error messages you might see when using a particular command see the documentation for that command The most common kind of error message that you will see on the system consists of two parts The message begins with Cannot CINIT OPEN CLOSE READ WR
6. Buss error PC A buss error indicates that an illegal condition was recognized on the data buss The number following the letters PC tell you the memory address the Program Counter was set to when the buss error occurred This error can be caused by either software or hardware problems If you are alone on the system or other users are at a convenient stopping place your best course is probably to reset the computer if it is not convenient to reset the machine go ahead and continue running Command terminated insufficient memor You tried to execute a program from inside a command file but there was not enough room to load the program into your memory partition Use the MAP command to see what modules are in your memory partition delete those you do not need If you still cannot use the command file talk to your System Operator about getting more memory area allocated to your job ERROR n You see this message if you SET DSKERR and a soft disk error occurs on a system using an AM 200 or AM 210 Floppy Disk Subsystem Frequent soft errors can indicate hardware problems with the drives check with the System Operator The number following ERROR indicates the type of soft error that occurred refer to the instruction supplied with the disk drive to see what error condition corresponds to that error code Because this message Changed 15 October 1979 AMOS SYSTEM ERROR MESSAGES Page A 5 reports a soft error the system had to
7. Changed 15 October 1979 he key in or a D records see this MORE FILE COMMANDS Page 10 9 Record size must be gt 0 Key size must be gt 0 Key size must be less than record size mj lo WE LESS than record size SORT checks to make sure that you are giving it reasonable data If you see any of these messages it probably means that you have made a typing mistake Key and record size must be at least one byte in Length and since the key is an element of the record the key must be smaller than the record Entire key must be within record Length If the C start position in the record of the key the of the key 1 is beyond the end of the record you see this message The minus one comes from the fact that the first position in the record is a one and not a zero SORT thinks that the record size you gave it was too small or that the key size you gave was too big check your numbers Cannot DELETE Filespec write protected i You have tried to sort a file on a write protected disk SORT cannot replace your unsorted file with the new sorted file because it cannot write on the disk Write enable your disk and try again Changed 15 October 1979 CHAPTER 11 MEMORY COMMANDS To run a program AMOS must find that program on the disk as a file load a copy of the file into memory and execute it The copy of a disk file that is loaded into memory is called a memory module Because many users may be on the system at
8. Curly arrow Cursor saasa Default assan Default extensions DEG A Device names Deni woo e fo fe gi DEVTBL z DIR aa a e Directory listing fi Disk backup DISKS sso eso INDEX ns stakes es 5 le Changed 15 October 1979 A PAG E E O as e o 0 xm t o o wo EI td N O O Co Co dia 2 NNNNA N W 113 TIN N Wa O a O a i 4 Vat uy y 2 4 RYO W4 l a UI NS 9 28 13 2 3 6 6 6 to 13 3 Page Index 2 AMOS Displ Displ DO f1 Arg Par Spe DSKCPY saasa EDIT ERASE USER S GUIDE INDEX aying a file aying files le a ida ument List ameter symbols cial symbols Erasing a file Error APPEND COPY DIR ERA LOG MOUNT PRI SEN SET SORT Sys TYPE LI Ersat RENAME messages nao SE NT D a tem z devices Exiting programs Exiti Exten File File File File Filen Files Files Finding a file Floppy disk system ng system commands S ONS uu uno search procedures specification specification defaults switch ame pec aa Formatting disks Forms Freez FULL ing screen display DUPLEX HALF DUPLEX Hard copy terminal Hard disk system a Hashmark uuuun Hawk drive uu nu HELP a aw a a HELP files Aa era Input file Changed 15 October 1979 h 000 0 i ONANI UN WN i C
9. ERASE and Special and Ersatz Devices 9 27 ERASE Error Messages nauuaanaanan 9728 NG FILES COPY awa cascadas aces 9728 Copying a File in Your Own Account 9 30 Copying a File into Your Own Account from Another Account sssa 9730 9 5 3 Copying a File into An Account Other Than Your OWN ssesusesesassssasas 9730 4 COPY and Wildcard Symbols asusasasa 9730 5 COPY and the System Operator ssasa 9731 6 Selecting COPY Options sesesosano 9 32 7 COPY and Special and Ersatz Devices 9 34 8 COPY Error Messages o ooomonnnonaconsns 9 35 T 1 2 3 O N 2 9 3 gt N 223 ON O UN NO 7D O O O O s Mo B NO NO NO NWZ NN NN LI Ds 9 4 oom Nd B e 0 NO Neno 9 5 a lt a 0 DB p NaH JO UST uy o UUDER ERR PADU NO D2 NO NO NO NO NO ING FILES PRINT c00 a8annas0aaannasnaaao IROL Sending a File to a Printer s esssassas 9 38 PRINT and Wildcard Symbols oonoooono 9 38 Finding Out Information About the Printer QUEUES o n noosonnconsacanos 9 38 9 6 4 Setting Printer FormS suonuasooon 9 39 9 6 NO O NO OD ND NO NO NO O AMOS USER S GUIDE CHAPTER 10 CHAPTER 11 CHAPTER 12 26 5 Selecting PRINT Options o oaoononanana 9 40 6 6 PRINT and Ersatz Devices seaananaae mann 9 43 6 7 PRINT Error Messages o oooocoocanonana 9 43 MORE FILE COMMANDS 10 1 10 2 10 3 DISPLAYING THE CONTENTS OF A FILE CTYPE 10 1 10 1 1 Hints and Re
10. For example you can tell SORT to sort the records alphabetically by state then for the customers within each state sort alphabetically by customer name NOTE You may only sort sequential files You may sort files that are too large to fit into memory all at one time COMMAND SYNTAX SORT filespec 2 COMMAND DEFAULTS SORT assumes an extension of DAT for data file and the account and device you are currently logged into To sort a sequential file type SORT the specification of the file you want to sort and a RETURN SORT INVITM DAT Q Now SORT begins to ask you questions about your data file and about how you want to sort the data in the file SORT actually replaces your file with another file in which the data are arranged in the proper order See 10 3 3 Example for a sample use of SORT These are the questions that SORT asks 1 Record size Although SORT knows that each logical record ends with a carriage return symbol it needs to know the size of the largest logical record that it is going to be dealing with Enter the maximum size in bytes of the logical data records in the file For example if every customer has a logical record in which his or her name address and phone number appears enter the size of the largest of these records Every character in the Logical record is one byte of data including spaces and punctuation Exclude carriage return and linerfeed symbol bytes 2 Key size The key is
11. For example unless you specify otherwise BASIC saves a program file with the extension BAS if you do not specify the extension when ao a program file into BASIC BASIC assumes the default extension of Sa A rs 6 ate IDENTIFYING FILES TO AMOS Page 6 5 6 1 4 Project programmer Number We have already discussed PPNs in an earlier chapter Chapter 3 Communicating with AMOS The PPN in a filespec identifies the account in which the file is to be found If you are referring to a file in the account you are currently logged into you may usually omit the PPN in the filespec But not always see Chapter 9 The Wildcard File Commands 6 2 WILDCARD SYMBOLS The usual filespec selects one file e g DSK1 POOL LSPL344 1 refers to only one file POOL LSP in account DSK1 344 11 Usually that s fine but what if for example you want to erase ALL files in your account that have a BAS extension You could specify each file individually ERASE SEED BAS RNDM BAS TRMCRV BAS S0S BAS O It would be much easier if you could specify all of those files with one filespec To allow you to do so various AMOS commands recognize special symbols that we call wildcards A wildcard can match any other symbol or group of symbols For example instead of typing the entire command Line above you can use one filespec to specify all files in your account that have a BAS extension ERASE BAS gt The asterisk can match any group of symbols
12. OCTAL Uses base 8 for non decimal numeric displays HEX Uses base 16 for non decimal numeric displays ECHO Displays terminal input NOECHO Silences terminal input DSKERR Reports all soft disk errors and 1 0 patries NODSKERR Silences reports of soft disk errors and retries Changed 15 October 1979 SYSTEM INFORMATION COMMANDS Page 12 4 VERIFY Verifies all write operations by reading the data each time written comparing it to the data in memory NOVERIFY Does not verify write operations GUARD Does not allow other terminals to send messages to your own terminal via the SEND command NOGUARD Allows other terminals to send messages via SEND BPI Sets the magnetic tape unit bits per inch rate for data reading or recording on tape Specify a device and a BPI value e g SET BPI MTUO 800 FORMS Allows you to set the name of the form to be mounted on a specified printer See the PRINT command for information on using this option If SET doesn t understand an option name you see Invalid function Try entering the command Line again If you give an invalid device specification or incorrect BPI value to the SET BPI command you see The format for the command js SET BPI MTUk XXXX Where a tape drive in the range O thru 7 and XXXX 1s either 800 or 1600 Check your device specification Also make sure that you have specified a BPI value of either 800 or 1600 The system comes up with a value of 1600 If you
13. Specification error The command Line was not in proper format The symbol points to the location in the command line that DIR does not understand DIR AMSO D 2 Specification error THE WILDCARD FILE COMMANDS Page 9 18 4 More than one output specification You may only specify one listfile that is only one file specification may appear on the left of the equal sign when you use DIR to create a file that contains your directory listing DIR LSTFIL LST DIRLST LST 110 231 Y More than one output specification 5 No file oriented device corresponding to dev is mounted You specified a device but did not include a unit number e g AMS DIR tried to match all possible device units with your specification but was unable to find any that were mounted DIR AMS 9 ANo file oriented device corresponding to AMS is mounted Check your spelling If that s Ok try mounting the disk If that doesn t work check with your System Operator to make sure that the device has been defined in the system initialization command file that the device has a driver program in area 1 6 of the System Disk and that the device is file structured 6 Cannot find DSKO SCNWLD SYS 1 4 or MEM SCNWLD SYS ALL wildcard file commands need the SCNWLD program to process wildcard symbols in filespecs If you see this message check with your System Operator who will make sure that a valid copy of SCNWLD is installed on your system in the System Pr
14. THE WILDCARD FILE COMMANDS Page 9 21 it would be easier to understand what was happening However remember that if you omit an extension or both a filename and an extension from a filespec RENAME uses the default of Therefore the command RENAME OVTPAY WRKPRG WRKFIL Y is exactly equivalent to the command in the example above 9 3 4 Selecting RENAME Options By including one or more of the following switches on the command line you can select several RENAME options QUERY or Q Requests confirmation to rename NOQUERY or NOQ Renames without asking for confirmation DELETE or D If file with new name already exists deletes it before performing rename NODELETE or NOD If file with new name already exists does not perform rename You may place more than one switch on a command Line if you precede each switch with a slash For example RENAME Q D OLD NEW P QUERY OPTION The Q switch tells RENAME to ask for confirmation before renaming a file You can see where this might be convenient if you re not completely sure of which files your RENAME command is going to affect The Q switch is a file switch To tell RENAME to ask for confirmation of all renamings place the Q switch directly after the command to ask for confirmation of the renaming of specific files follow those filespecs with the Q When RENAME requests confirmation of a renaming it tells you what it intends to do and displays a question
15. You see a line of text at the top of the screen that tells you what file you are editing and various other items of information that will become important to you when you begin to use VUE regularly Below this header line is the VUE prompt symbol gt The cursor waits at Hina position for you to type a command or an Escape to return to editing mode When you become practiced at using VUE you will learn about the commands you can use in command mode that allow you to do such things as replace every occurrence in your file of a particular word or phrase format blocks of text center lines etc For now type an F and a RETURN this tells VUE to Finish VUE now writes your text file to the disk After a brief moment you are back at AMOS command level x FOR MORE INFORMATION ng the manual titled VUE Screen Oriented Text Editor Version A QUICK DEMO OF SYSTEM USE Page 4 5 4 3 FINDING OUT WHAT FILES ARE IN YOUR ACCOUNT Now that you are again communicating with AMOS you can see that the file you created is now in your account To see a list of the files in your account that is to see your account directory type DIR followed by a RETURN If there are a large number of files in the account you will not be able to see them all listed on the screen at once Try typing DIR W followed by a RETURN this formats the display into four columns on the screen DIR You see something like this MYFILE TXT 2 DSKO 20
16. a NI kaso 3 CANNOT OPEN filespec DISK NOT MOUNTED The system can t access the device specified by your filespec Use the MOUNT command to mount the disk 4 CANNOT OPEN filespec FILE TYPE MISMATCH You tried to display the contents of a random file TYPE REGINS DAT Y CANNOT OPEN REGINS DAT FILE TYPE MISMATCH Ninan MORE FILE COMMANDS Page 10 3 You will have to use another method to look at the data in the file 5 FILE SPECIFICATION ERROR TYPE doesn t understand the form of your command line Check your spelling and retype aTYPE CFILE SPECIFICATION ERROR 6 CANNOT OPEN filespec ILLEGAL USER CODE You ve specified an account that does not exist Check your typing and try again If you still get this message make sure that you are accessing the correct device 10 2 APPENDING FILES APPEND It s often convenient to keep a large project divided into sub projects while you are working on the task For example this manual was written as a Large number of small files To combine several files together into one file use the APPEND command COMMAND SYNTAX APPEND outfilespec infilespeci infilespecn 2 COMMAND DEFAULTS The default extension for outfilespec and infilespecs is an empty extension The default account and device is the atcount and device you are currently logged into The APPEND command creates a new file specified by the outfilespec that contains the contents of all o
17. filespecs Check with your System Operator for help he or she will make sure that a valid copy of SCNWLD SYS exists in account DSKO 1 4 THE WILDCARD FILE COMMANDS Page 9 37 9 6 PRINTING A FILE PRINT We have already mentioned the use of the COPY command for sending a copy of a file to a printer or other terminal see Section 9 5 7 Copy and Special and Ersatz Devices However a more sophisticated mechanism exists for performing the same kind of function the PRINT command Before beginning to discuss the actual syntax and use of the PRINT command we d like to introduce you to spoolers and queues A printer is not a sharable output device that is only one user may access the device at a time Obviously chaos would result if the system were to allow two users to print their files at the same time on the same printer A special kind of program called a spooler allows you to put in a request for the use of an occupied system resource so that when the resource in this case a printer again becomes free it will attend to your task The PRINT command is a line printer spooler it stacks up or spools requests for the use of the system printers until such time as a printer becomes available for use You may use the PRINT command to enter your request for the use of a printer into the waiting line called a queue you may either select the queue of a specific printer or you may allow the system to choose a printer for you in
18. in the account by name extension and size in blocks Files are written to the disk in units called blocks One block is 512 bytes The Last Line of the display tells you how many files are shown in the directory display and how many blocks on the disk are used by those files 9 2 2 Finding Out What Files Are in an Account Other Than Your Own To find out what files are in an account other than the one you are currently logged into you must tell DIR which account directory to display Type DIR followed by the specification of the account or accounts whose directory you want to see DIR DSKO 200 5 Y TABLE MAC 6 bSKO 200 5 TREE LSP 10 a AA a an VECTR MAC 8 o Total of 3 files in 24 blocks If you specify just a PPN that is if you just type DIR 200 51 DIR looks for that account on the device you are currently logged into If you THE WILDCARD FILE COMMANDS Page 9 9 specify just the device e 9 DIR AMS1 DIR searches that device for the account you are currently logged into You may see directory listings for more than one account by following the DIR command with several account specifications separated by commas DIR AMS1 56 1 120 512 FORMS TXT 23 AMS1 56 1 CLASS BAS 10 Total of 2 files in 33 blocks CHPTR1 TXT 47 AMS1 120 5 Grand total of 3 files in 80 disk blocks If more than one file is listed for each account a message tells you how many files are in the directory listing for that
19. list that AMOS will use if you omit an argument list on the DO file command line or if you do not complete argument list For example the command s default extension is an empty extension can create your own ERASE command in this case named REMOVE in which the default extension is supply a ERASE You COMMAND FILES AND DO FILES Page 8 9 D x eT ERASE 0 1 So if you invoke the DO file with an argument list containing just a filename you see something like this REMOVE PSTINV Y ERASE PSTINV NOTE If a SD line appears in your DO file it MUST be the first Line of the file even before a T symbol 8 2 3 SAMPLE DO FILES Below are some examples of the kinds of DO files you can create to help you perform frequently used sequences of commands If you want all users on the system to be able to share your command files and DO files have the System Operator copy them over to the System Command File Library DSKO 2 2 J 8 2 3 1 TFORM DO You can use the text formatting program TXTFMT to format a group of text files so that they form one document If you always begin the filespec list with the same file or files a DO file can be convenient T TXTFMT HEADER PRPNOT PRFACE 0 For example the DO file above tells TXTFMT to format a header file HEADER that contains standard formatting information page size line size etc a file that contains an official proprietary notice PRPNOT and a file cont
20. supplied by the manufacturer of your drive 2 Power down the hard disk drive Usually this procedure consists of more than just turning the device off For example on the Control Data Hawk drive you must first release the START STOP button when the Light behind that button goes off you may then turn off the power to the drive This takes 60 seconds Refer to the instructions shipped with your drive for the exact power down procedure for your disk drive 3 Holding down the RESET button turn off the power to your computer If you have a floppy disk based system 1 Remove and store the floppy disks that are in the drives 2 Turn off the power to your floppy disk drives 3 Turn off the power to your computer CHAPTER 3 COMMUNICATING WITH AMOS The Alpha Micro Operating System AMOS is a collection of programs that serve as the system monitor AMOS is the interface between you and the computer it handles and schedules the many requests for system resources CPU time data transfer to and from the disks etc that occur on a multiuser multiprogramming system Even when you are running programs on the system that are independent of AMOS e g a BASIC program that you have created or the text formatting program TXTFMT AMOS supervises the execution of those programs To give you some idea of the hierarchy of the software components of your system take a look at the rough diagram below If you want more information on
21. 3 6 2 7 1 1 1 10 3 2 3 2 3 1 1 1 9 22 11 1 11 1 4 2 13 1 12 5 ie rs N un Un un No I AMOS USER S GUIDE INDEX Page Index 5 Queue s ww s a we sa aa 9 37 Random files aaas sa o e a 10 2 Releasing screen display 3 4 REMOTE LOCAL asoa ssa a 2 1 RENAME ou n ua naun on yo a a 4 6 9 18 Renaming a file ae sans es a a 4 Reserved PPNS a na a e s a a a a 5 2 RESET button aa a ea saaa 2 2 RETURN aoa asana 3 2 7 3 SAVE co a aa a MES SEND occas ta ao a e e 2 Sequential files 5 a 02 SET a a a el e a Se See SET BPI 4 aria a TR SET DSKERR uu Ozu coe 13 2 SET FORMS a a o mn a o o s a a a 9 40 SET VERIFY ate Se a a 1322 Setting forms as aa a a a o e 9 39 Sharable devices a a a a a a a 12 5 Sharing accounts a a a a a o 53 SORT w ca a a 024 Sorting files a a s e s a a T104 Special devices a a a 2 a a s a a 6 2 Spooler mos a 0o waa a we 9 37 Spooler Operator aa a s a 9 39 START CMD u saasaa a 55 Syntax 2X saa aa ar ee ee we 72 SS TAD a aaa Ba Sa sa e ea SYSTEM ana a isa da aa a System demonstration e 4 1 System Disk aa ea a s ea sa e 2 System Drive aa a aaa asa 2 System error messages System interrupt command System memory s aa a a a a System Operator a a a a s aa a o SYSTEM INI Tabs de ai A AG lee a oe ot Terminals ww ee wm we Text editing a aie We ee Timesharing a s a uc aa
22. 9 6 5 Selecting PRINT Options You may choose one or more of the options below by including the appropriate switches on the PRINT command Line The default switch settings are chosen by the System Operator at the time of system initialization check with the System Operator for those defaults COPIES n or C zn Prints the number of copies requested KILL or K Removes the specified files from either the queue of a specific printer or from the queue of any printer DELETE or D Deletes the specified files after printing them NODELETE Or NOD Does not delete the specified files after printing them the initial default setting BANNER or B Prints a banner page preceding each listing NOBANNER or NOB Does not print a banner page preceding each listing FORMS or FO Checks to make sure that the specified forms are mounted on the printer If you don t use FO PRINT assumes FORMS NORMAL Changed 15 October 1979 THE WILDCARD FILE COMMAND Page 9 41 HEADER or H Print a page header at the top of every page of the Listing NOHEADER or NOH Don t print page headers FORMFEED or FF Print a final form feed at the end of each Listing NOFORMFEED or NOF Don t print a final form feed at the end of each listing LPP n Maximum number of lines to print on each page WIDTH n or WI n The page width in characters Used for headers only WAIT o or WA Tells PRINT to reinsert print requests into the queue as P
23. C 255 11 2 NORTH BAS 7 DSK1 255 11 PAGE MAC 21 BDIR DAT C 12 Total of 3 files in 40 blocks In the example above the file BDIR DAT is marked as a contiguous file The C switch is an operation switch FULL OPTION The FULL switch gives you the full range of the DIR information options F is equivalent to specifying the switches HASH BASE CONTIGUOUS FULL is an operation switch 2DIR FULL Y MILAGE BAS 7 250 240 447 K3 200 4 MILAGE RUN 3 015 410 514 370 2330 DATA WRK C 13 533 501 341 776 13624 Total of 3 files in 33 blocks 9 2 7 DIR and Special and Ersatz Devices DIR recognizes the ersatz devices see Section 9 1 5 Ersatz Devices So you can for example find out what files are in the BASIC Language Library account DSK0 7 61 by typing aDIR BAS 2 DIR also recognizes the special devices MEM user memory partition and RES system memory That means that you can use DIR to discover information about programs that are in your memory partition or in system memory By using the H switch see above HASH SWITCH you can ask DIR to compute and display hashmark totals for the programs in memory 2DIR MEM LOG H LOG PRG 1026 512 123 435 601 MEM Total of 1 file 1026 bytes NOTE You can use DIR with the MEM and RES devices to perform many of the same functions as the MAP and SYSTEM commands with the added benefit that you are able to take advantage of the advanced wildcarding abilities of DIR The comma
24. DO file in the following way DOC PSTINV TXT PSTINV LST PSTINV the 0 becomes associated with PSTINV TXT the 1 becomes associated with PSTINV LST and 2 becomes associated with PSTINV the DO file above becomes transformed into T TXTFMT PSTINV TXT PRINT PSTINV LST DIR PSTINV You can use a parameter symbol to represent an entire filespec a portion of a filespec a command or any other piece of text inside a DO command file For example T 50 TXTFMT AMS 1 52 TXT PRINT AMS 1 2 LST DIR AMS51 52 x when invoked with FORM FILE IS PSTINV gt 2 PSTINV O is transformed into T FILE IS PSTINV TXTFMT AMS2 PSTINV TXT PRINT AMS2 PSTINV LST DIR AMS2 PSTINV If you have more items in your argument List than there are parameter symbols in the DO file the extra items are ignored If you have fewer items in your argument List than there are parameter symbols the extra parameters are ignored Argument list items are associated with parameter symbols NOT in the order that the parameter symbols appear in the file but in the order in which the parameter symbols are numbered That is the first item in the argument list is associated with parameter 0 even if parameter 2 appears before 0 in the DO file COMMAND FILES AND DO FILES 8 2 2 Special Parameter Symbols In addition to the usual DO file parameter symbols four special Page 8 8 parameter symbols allow you to use DO files in a more flex
25. If you completely omit account and device specifications from a group of infilespecs wildcard file commands use as their initial default the account and device you are currently logged into Unlike other AMOS commands these commands also allow you to set those defaults That is you can set the account and device defaults for a specific group of infilespecs If you omit those specifications the command will use the defaults that you have set 1 Whenever you include a device specification in an infilespec you set the default device for the rest of that command Line For example let s assume that you are logged into an account on DSKO DIR RESRCH DAT AMS1 CURVES RUN MAXWLL RUN O THE WILDCARD FILE COMMANDS Page 9 4 The example above looks for RESRCH DAT on DSKU the initial device default and then looks for CURVES RUN on device AMS1 The default device now becomes AMS1 so DIR looks for MAXWLL RUN on AMS1 as well To return the device default to DSKO you must explicitly tell DIR to look for a file on that device i e in the example above to reset the default device to the initial default you must change MAXWLL RUN to DSKO MAXWLL RUN 2 To set the default account place the PPN at the front of an infilespec For example DIR LAWYER LSP 120 34 0FFICE BAS LAWDOC TXT OFFICE RUN 230 11 2 The initial default is the account you are logged into We reset the default account to 120 341 by placing that PPN in front of a f
26. PRG 12 AMS1 100 3 SCAN PRG 13 650 353 035 656 AMS1 110 5 SCAN PRG 21 AMSO 120 51 Grand total of 3 files in 46 disk blocks BASE OPTION The B switch tells DIR to display the base starting disk address of the selected files If you use DIR to see information about modules in memory see Section 9 2 7 DIR and Special and Ersatz Devices the B switch tells DIR to display the base memory addresses of the modules The B switch is a file switch its placement on the command line affects which files it acts upon DIR CMD PRG B C CM 1 DSKO 102 1 P1 CM 1 Total of 2 files in 2 blocks LISP PRG 33 4405 9SK0 102 11 Grand total of 3 files in 35 disk blocks In the example above the B switch affects only those files selected by PRG NOBASE OPTION The NOB switch allows you to turn off the B switch For example suppose that you want base disk addresses for every file specified on the command Line but the last follow the last filespec with a NOB switch e g DIR B PRG CMD FREE MAC NOB THE WILDCARD FILE COMMANDS Page 9 16 CONTIGUOUS OPTION The C switch allows you to determine which files listed in your directory are contiguous that is random files and which are sequential files For information on sequential versus random files see the manual Introduction to AMOS When the C switch is in effect DIR places a C next to the extension of each contiguous file in the directory display 2DIR
27. account and how many disk blocks are used by those files The last line of the display tells you the number of files listed in the entire display and how many blocks are used by all of the files Since we left off filenames and extensions in the example above DIR assumed that we wanted directory displays for ALL files on disk AMS1 that belong to the accounts 56 1 and 120 51 Be careful here Remember that DIR is a wildcard file command By specifying device AMS1 we have set the default device for the rest of the command line That means that even if you are logged into DSKO the DIR command above looks for account 56 1 AND account 120 51 on AMS1 If what you meant to say was Show me all files in account 56 1 on AMS1 and all files in account 120 5 on the device I am currently logged into you must say DIR ANS1 56 1 DSK0 120 5 2 where you explicitly specify the device on which to look for account 120 5 or DIR 120 5 AMS1 56 11 where the default is set to AMS1 after DIR looks for account 120 5 on the device you are logged into 9 2 3 DIR and Wildcard Symbols You can use the various wildcard device and account specification symbols to tell DIR to display directories for a group of accounts For example to see displays of all accounts on a device use the wildcard PPN symbol Ci THE WILDCARD FILE COMMANDS Page 9 10 DIR DSK1 CI QO DO HLP 12 pSK1 100 2 VUE HLP 23 LOG HLP 3 Total o
28. account specification in the RENAME outfilespec zRENAME ME 200 3 TITLE 100 51 2 RENAME TITLE TXT 100 5 to ME TXT 200 3 Device or P Pn specifications on output are illegal 9 3 3 RENAME and Wildcard Symbols Because RENAME is a wildcard file command you can use it to perform some very sophisticated renaming functions Wildcard symbols in infilespecs allow you to specify a group of files with one filespec e g BAS specifies all BASIC programs in an account A wildcarded infilespec then tells RENAME to rename ALL files selected by the filespec Wildcard symbols in the outfilespec are treated a Little differently As we saw in Section 9 1 3 Output File Specifications the outfilespec modifies the selected infilespecs RENAME TXF JIM TXT GUIDE TXT Y JIM TXT TO JIM TXF GUIDE TXT TO GUIDE TXF Total of 2 files renamed The outfilespec in the command above leaves the filename unfixed and so RENAME Leaves the names of the infilespecs unchanged If we were to use wildcard symbols in both the outfilespec and infilespec we would be saying For all the files selected by the infilespecs replace higad portions of the infilespec that are fixed by the outfilespec For example RENAME OVTPAY WRKPRG WRKFIL 2 WRKPRG BAS TO OVTPAY BAS WRKPRG RUN TO OVTPAY RUN WRKFIL TXT TO OVTPAY TX WRKFIL DAT TO OVTPAY DAT Total of 4 files renamed In the example above our filespecs included extensions of just so that pat
29. are again at AMOS command Level and the next Line of the command file tells AMOS to bring in the BASIC compiler and compile the BASIC program The compiler produces a new file named AVRAGE RUN the compiled version of your original source program Line 4 of the command file tells AMOS to execute AVRAGE RUN The next three lines provide test data for the program which asks for three numbers When the BASIC program finishes you are back at AMOS command level The final command in the command file tells AMOS to erase all backup files in your account 8 1 1 Special Symbols in Command Files Any command or data that you can enter from the keyboard is a legal element of a command file In addition to these elements there are several special symbols that appear only in command files e g the T symbol mentioned above and that are never seen or processed by programs other than AMOS If you use these symbols they MUST appear at the very beginning of a command file Line iT TRACE To see the command file Lines on your terminal screen as AMOS processes them you must have a T at the top of your command file Sometimes it s useful to NOT be able to see the commands and data in a command file as the file is processed in that case leave the T out of your file A T takes precedence over any symbols that follow it in the file Changed 15 October 1979 COMMAND FILES AND DO FILES Page 8 4 S SILENCE Use a S symbol to suppre
30. command file execution by using a CONT command before another PAUSE command occurs but you do lose the previous contents of CNT CMD when the new command file replaces them Po ee NEW COMMAND FILE AND DO FILE FEATURES Page 7 As an example of the use of PAUSE let s create a command file that performs housekeeping functions on a disk This command file cleans up the disk and performs a backup sx If disk labeled BACKUPA is in drive type a RETURN otherwise type anything else go put pack in drive and then type CONT when you are ready to resume backup gt PAUSE Proper backup pack DSK5 is now in drive MOUNT DSKS 2x If you want to save everything on the disk type a RETURN If there are any scratch files you don t want to save type anything but a RETURN Then erase your old working files from all accounts on the disk To resume backup type CONT gt PAUSE Enter a character Disk is ready to back up Chain to another command file that does actual backup BACKUP sx All done You may remove BACKUPA from drive mg ws Ng 3 2 The CONT Command If a command file has been temporarily interrupted as the result of a PAUSE command that is if a CNT CMD file appears in the account you are logged into you may resume execution of that command file by using the CONT command For example CONT If there is a CNT CMD file CONT tells AMOS to process it When the entire command file has been processed C
31. default outfilespec is a filename and extension of x x the device you are logged into and the wildcard account LJ The initial default switches are DELETE NOQUERY NOPACK SPECIAL FUNCTIONS You may use COPY to send files to a terminal or printer by specifying the TRM device You may use COPY to load files into memory and to save memory modules as disk files See Section 9 5 7 COPY and Special and Ersatz Devices The System Operator if logged into the System Operator s Account DSKO 1 2 may use COPY to backup all accounts or selected accounts from one device onto another NOTE Because of the default infilespecs and outfilespecs almost every combination of filespecs that you give COPY causes something to happen For example COPY PACK 9 tells COPY to make copies of all files in the account you are logged into and to place those copies in the account This example replaces all files in your account with copies of themselves not usually a very useful thing to do and VERY dangerous if other users are running on the system at the time of the command So be careful when you use COPY THE WILDCARD FILE COMMANDS Page 9 30 9 5 1 Copying a File in Your Own Account To make a copy of a file within your own account type COPY the name you want to assign to the new copy an equal sign and the name of the file you Want to copy COPY ARCHVE BAS WRKFIL BAS 2 WRKFIL BAS to ARCHVE BAS Total of 1 file transferred You
32. disk drive IDENTIFYING FILES TO AMOS Page 6 2 itself is that one physical device may contain several logical units e g a single Control Data Hawk drive contains two Logical units that you access separately a five megabyte fixed disk and a five megabyte removable disk cartridge One Calcomp Trident 300 megabyte drive can contain 19 logical units DSKO DSK18 A device name consists of three letters that identify the type of physical device being used e g STD identifies a floppy disk drive that handles IBM format disks and a number followed by a colon that identifies which logical unit is being used So for example if you have two Control Data Hawk drives the first physical device might contain logical units DSKO and DSK1 and the second physical device might contain logical units DSK2 and DSK3 Regardless of its type the physical device that holds the programs that make up AMOS itself is always named DSK and the logical unit that holds those programs called the System Disk is always named DSKO Ask the System Operator for a list of the devices available on your system Some common physical device types are HWK The Control Data Hawk hard disk drive Model 9427H used with the AM 500 Hard Disk Controller board AMS Alpha Micro format floppy disk drive used with the AM 200 Floppy Disk Controller board STD IBM format floppy disk drive used with the AM 200 TRI Calcomp Trident hard disk system IMG 128 byte sect
33. in our earlier discussions but now is the time to clarify just what an AMOS command is actually every command that you enter at AMOS command level is just the specification of a disk file or a disk file that has been loaded into memory a memory module AMOS responds to the command by trying to locate the memory module and executing it or by finding the file on the disk loading a copy of it into memory and executing it Every AMOS Level command specifies an assembly language program a PRG file or a command file In other words when you instruct AMOS to perform a system function e g DIR you are asking it to load into memory the DIR program and execute it What this means is that since programs that perform system functions are not actually part of the operating system itself but are simply files on the disk you can add to the commands that AMOS recognizes by just eevee your own PRG files or command files When you enter a command at AMOS command level AMOS goes through several search procedures looking for the program or command file specified by the command For example unless you specify an extension and an account number AMOS first looks for the file as a PRG file in the System Program Library Account DSKO 1 4 INTRODUCTION TO AMOS COMMANDS Page 7 2 You will not usually have to worry about this process but you may want to refer to Appendix B AMOS Command Processing if you find yourself in a situation where you ha
34. labeled CTRL while you type a C You should see this on your terminal i nG The C is the system s way of repeating back to you the Control C that you just typed A Control C is the system interrupt command in this case it serves to get AMOS attention If you still do not see the AMOS prompt check to see that your terminal is on and that the cables running between the computer and the terminal are firmly in place If you still see no prompt after typing a Control C check with the System Operator If all is well i e you see the AMOS prompt try typing a few characters on the keyboard As you type the system displays the characters on your terminal display We will talk more about using the terminal keyboard in Chapter 3 Communicating with AMOS From this point you can begin to communicate with the computer If you see each character displayed twice on the screen as you type check your terminal for a switch labled FULL HALF or FULL DUPLEX HALF DUPLEX turn the switch to FULL DUPLEX 2 3 CHANGING DISK CARTRIDGES AND FLOPPY DISKS To change disk cartridges or floppy disks follow the instructions that accompanied your disk drives When changing disks you do not need to reset the computer Also DO NOT turn off the drives or the computer After changing a disk cartridge or floppy disk you must always mount that new disk by using the MOUNT command AMOS always mounts the System Disk for you when you first turn on or re
35. log into your account If a password for an account exists you don t need to enter it if you are transferring into that account from another account within the same project 5 3 LOGGING INTO THE SYSTEM There are very few commands that you can perform without being Logged into the system if you try to use the system without being logged in you see the following message Login please To log into the system use the LOG command followed by your PPN the square brackets are optional LOG 120 341 9 Changed 15 October 1979 3 IDENTIFYING YOURSELF TO AMOS Page 5 3 If you have only one account with that PPN LOG will search the available disks on the system starting with the System Disk DSKO and log you into the account on the proper device If you have more than one account on different disks with that same PPN number you must specify the device that contains the specific account you wish to work under LOG DSK1 350 6 2 The command above tells AMOS that you want to access account 350 6 on the Logical unit DSK1 See Section 6 1 1 Device Name for an explanation of how to specify devices If you have a password associated with your account LOG asks for it LOG AMS1 100 319 Password As you type your password the system does not display it on your terminal Remember that the purpose of the password is to keep unauthorized users from gaining access to the computer through your account keep your p
36. mark To tell RENAME to go ahead with the renaming reply with an upper or lower case Y to tell it not to perform that particular renaming reply with an upper or Lower case N DO NOT hit a RETURN after your answer After RENAME responds to each answer it goes on to the next renaming operation RENAME OLD B00K TXT NEW Q Q BOOK TXT TO BOOK OLD SICPAY NEW TO SICPAY OLD Y VACPAY NEW TO VACPAY OLD N P OVTPAY NEW TO OVTPAY OLD Y Total of 3 files renamed THE WILDCARD FILE COMMANDS Page 9 22 The example above asks for confirmation of the renaming of the files that match the NEW specification since Q follows that specification If you should want to interrupt the RENAME command and return to AMOS command level type a Control C RENAME LNDST MAP Q MAPI TXT TO LNDST1 TXT Y2 MAP1 BAK TO LNDST1 BAK2N Y MAP2 TXT TO LNDST2 TXT2 Y 2 MAP2 BAK TO LNDST2 BAK N MAP3 TXT TO LNDST3 TXT C NOQUERY OPTION The NOQ switch turns off the Q switch For example suppose you want RENAME to confirm every renaming except the last place a NOQ at the end of the last file specification RENAME Q MUSIC MNOTE MDOC NOQ Y MNOTE MAC TO MUSIC MAC Y MNOTE 0BJ TO MUSIC OBI YY MNOTE TXT TO MUSIC TXT N Y MDOC TXT TO MUSIC TXT MDOC LST TO MUSIC LST Total of 4 files renamed DELETE OPTION RENAME cannot rename a file if a file of that name already exists in the account to instruct RENAME to delete any existing conflicting f
37. means that you do not have to specify a file when using the command INTRODUCTION TO AMOS COMMANDS Page 7 3 You may sometimes see embedded optional elements For example COMMAND switch switch Q tells you that you may optionally specify a switch a code that selects a command option which may in turn optionally be followed by another switch 4 The curly arrow symbol indicates a RETURN at the end of the command Line The exact syntax that a command follows depends on the particular command for specific information refer to the documentation for that command However all of the commands that you can use at AMOS command Level have certain things in common 1 Commands are six characters or fewer in length 2 You may enter commands in upper or lower case or a combination of both 3 ALL command Lines must end with a RETURN or a line feed and most commands require that the command line fit on one screen line 4 ALL file specifications that you enter on a command line follow the conventions we discussed in Chapter 6 Identifying a File to AMOS 7 1 1 Command Defaults Every command description in the following chapters includes a section titled COMMAND DEFAULTS which Lists all of the file specification defaults used by that command The set of defaults used by a command depends upon the command For example DIR assumes a default extension of but ERASE assumes an empty extension as the default e g INVCON
38. n Records This line tells you how many logical records SORT processed If this number differs from the number of records you know to be in the input file check your data file again and make sure that it is the correct one n Run 7 SORT tells you how many passes it made through the data to sort the file If the entire file fits into memory SORT performs the sort in memory and you see 1 Run if your file was too large to fit into memory SORT performs the sort on the disk a modified poly phase merge sort and you see that SORT performed its sort in more than one Run n Key comparisions m per record This Line tells you how many comparisons SORT made while doing the sort a fair indication of how out of order the file was to begin with In general the more out of order a file is the larger the number of comparisons needed to sort it This is not always the case since files that are already very close to being in order sometimes take more comparisons than files that are in more random order hh mm ss Elapsed time n ms per record Note that elapsed time is given rather than compute time this value will be affected by the number of other users on the system and on the type of processing that they are doing MORE FILE COMMANDS Page 10 7 10 3 2 Hints and Restrictions SORT can sort files that are much larger than available memory so you can sort files in a very small amount of memory as little as 6K bytes in many cases How
39. numbers For example COPY CI 0SK1 C O copies all files in all accounts on DSK1 over to their corresponding accounts on the device the System Operator is logged into NOTE The System Operator may omit the wildcard PPN symbol in the outfilespec when used from account DSK0 1 2 COPY assumes a default outfilespec of x x the device you are logged into and an account specification of You should perform file backup frequently if you create and change files often Perhaps at the end of every working day you should copy those files onto a backup disk Creating a command or DO file to perform this function for you can make your Life simpler see Section 8 2 3 3 BACKUP DO for an example of a DO file that backs up files from one disk cartridge to another 13 2 BACKING UP ENTIRE DISKS DSKCPY Rather than copying over individual files from one device to another DSKCPY makes a literal image copy of an entire disk We will assume for the purposes of this discussion that you want to back up the System Disk IMPORTANT NOTE You must not use DSKCPY on any kind of disk device that contains the file BADBLK SYS 1 2 Making a Literal image of such a device onto another disk might result in bad blocks being written into and the BADBLK SYS file on the new disk being overwritten Use the COPY command instead Changed 15 October 1979 DISK BACKUP PROCEDURES Page 13 4 NOTE You can use DSKCPY on any kind of disk device that does not con
40. of tasks than we attempt here Turn to the appropriate documentation to find out what your system really can do This chapter will make much more sense and will be of greater benefit if you are able to sit down in front of an AMOS system and try the examples If you have the opportunity then ask the System Operator for a few minutes of machine time and an account number that you can use Do NOT attempt to use the system if the initial system installation procedures have not been performed by the System Operator 4 1 LOGGING IN We assume that the system is up and running and that you are sitting down in front of a terminal probably a terminal with a video display If you see a dot at the left hand of the screen you are ready to go If not type a Control C hold down the CONTROL key on the keyboard and type aC You should now see the AMOS prompt on the screen if not consult the System Operator for advice and go no further A QUICK DEMO OF SYSTEM USE Page 4 2 Once you see the AMOS prompt you are ready to log into the system Type LOG the number of the account you are going to use and hit the RETURN key the square brackets are optional LOG 200 51 or L0G 200 59 NOTE We assume that you are using an account on the System Disk DSKO If this is not the case type MOUNT the name of the device you are using and a RETURN For example MOUNT DSK1 D This makes sure that the device is mounted and ready fo
41. or not users of the comand file see program output that result from the actions of your command file Except for these special symbols when AMOS processes a command file it treats most of the elements of the file as if you were entering each command file line from a terminal line by line For more information on any command discussed below refer to the reference sheet for that command in the update package Change Page Packet 1 for the AMOS System Commands Reference Manual DWM 00100 62 NOTE Check your copy of the AMOS System Commands Reference Manual DWM 00100 49 if the title page of that manual says Revision AOI your manual already contains the contents of Change Page Packet 1 NEW COMMAND FILE AND DO FILE FEATURES Page 2 1 0 THE COMMAND FILE TRACE FLAG T AND TRACE Command files have always allowed you to choose whether or not the user of your command file sees the contents of the file while it is being processed by AMOS AMOS checks the status of the command file trace flag to determine whether or not to display the contents of the command file Until the advent of the TRACE command the only way to affect the trace flag was by including the T symbol at the place in the command file where you wanted users to see command file contents The main disadvantage to this was that you could only use the T symbol once to turn the trace flag on in a command file and then could not turn it off again Of course if you want
42. s a s es G 4 es a 8 s 0 u p e 8 a 4 LI e 2 9 e o a s a gt ea wi ona A AO u oo wx JOBS LOAD LOG LOGOFF MAP 4 9 5 5 13 1 11 2 MOUNT PRINT 2 3 13 f 9 37 RENAME SAVE SEN SET 4 6 9 18 11 6 12 5 o a a a 10 4 12 3 13 2 12 1 SORT SYSTAT SYSTEM TRMDEF 11 5 6 2 ng NMN no os i in O O I om a N am ma AN t 1100 mi ece tO Los a Loa fF a E 8s a us s e s s 0 s 6 t e 3 s a e g BG 5 e s 5 s a E 5 7a 8 s a a 8 s s s E 5 t 3s ri ee N E 8s a a na a y p 8 q y a an E 5 e gt o o na L s 1 wi and Y a ZH o gt nun mc Lono aoc Zan lt 0 TI ma I BASIC 4 7 Changed 15 October 1979 AMOS USER S GUIDE Block os ate da Cartridge s Changing disks Command delimiters Command file a Comments 5 Extensions a Symbols Command file symbols a aa a ere SKO GG She a ete SiR 2 Se AA PAA BO a GNG MS ia a pa Leese eee aNG Command language Command Length Command line Command switch Common file extensio Control key Control C Control characters Control c Control I Control Q Control S Control U Control Q Control S COPY Copying a file Correcting typing Control U RUB key Creating command fil i Creating HELP files Creating system commands CRT terminal
43. system editors to create text files with HLP extensions See Section 6 1 3 Extension for a discussion of file extensions If you omit the account specification when you ask for a topic the HELP command searches for the appropriate HLP file in these accounts in this order 1 the System Help File Library DSK0 7 1D 2 the library account for the project you are current Ly logged into see Section 5 1 Project programmer Numbers for a discussion of library accounts and 3 the account you are currently logged into The HELP command automatically includes the HLP files that you create in its list of topics and displays your HELP files on command CHAPTER 4 A QUICK DEMO OF SYSTEM USE Even before you learn all of the details about the AMOS system commands we re going to take you through a brief quick demonstration of the use of your machine By no means is this chapter meant to be a comprehensive demonstration of all of the things you can do with the system instead it is meant to introduce you to some of the major system commands As we mention each command in this demonstration we also tell you what manual to turn to if you want more information on using that portion of the system This chapter walks you through some simple procedures but does not really tell you all of the details about how things work Remember that the commands and programs we talk about in this section are all capable of performing a much greater variety
44. the directory Listing see Section 9 2 4 above and then print that file using the PRINT command see Section 9 6 Printing a File PRINT or 2 use the DIR command to directly send a directory listing to a printer To send a directory listing to a printer or to any other kind of terminal enter DIR TRM printer name tilespec Y where printer name is the name of the terminal to which you wish to send the listing If you specify a printer the printer must be defined on the system as a terminal To see the names of the terminals defined on the system type TRMDEF followed by a RETURN You will probably need to ask the System Operator which of these terminals are printers Let s say that the printer you want to use has been defined on the system as terminal TERM6 To send to that printer a directory listing of all of the BASIC files in account 300 531 type DIR TRM TERM x BAS 300 5 9 2 6 Selecting DIR Options By including one or more switches on the DIR command Line you may select several of the DIR options The switches are DATA or D Just lists complete filespecs one per line KKILL or K Deletes and replaces existing listfile if it has same specifications as your listfilespec WIDE or W Arranges directory listing in four columns WIDE n or Win Arranges directory listing in n columns THE WILDCARD FILE COMMANDS Page 9 13 HASH or H Displays a hashmark for each file A hashmark is a computed
45. typing a Control C 8 2 DO FILES A very special type of command file that allows you to pass arguments to that file is called a DO file and has a DO extension A DO file contains exactly the same type of elements as a regular command file including the special symbols mentioned above but also includes some additional symbols that allow you to specify items of text to be substituted into the command file at the time that you invoke the file These additional parameter symbols are 0 1 2 9 Because you can pass text items to a DO file you can use DO files in many different situations in which a regular command file would be too specific For example suppose you are working on a set of BASIC programs You may enter the same commands every time you test a new program Still you can t use a standard command file because you do not know beforehand what the name of your BASIC program is going to be Create a command file with the DO extension and place one of the parameter symbols 0 in the file where you want to be able to substitute in the BASIC program name COMMAND FILES AND DO FILES Page 8 6 lt T lt DO FILE TO COMPILE AND RUN BASIC PROGRAMS gt 7 Erase whatever s in my memory partition DEL x x z Load in BASIC subroutines we ll need LOAD DSKO XLOCK SBRI7 6 LOAD DSKO BASORT SBRL7 6 LOAD DSKO XMOUNT SBRL7 6 i7 Compile and run the BASIC program COMPIL 0 BAS RUN 0 RUN 5 Get
46. understands the wildcard symbols and x The memory modules bear the same name and extension as their corresponding files on the disk use the MAP command or DIR MEM to find out what modules are in your memory partition SAVE PRG SYS D LOG PRG QDT PRG SYSTAT PRG SCNWLD SYS If you ask SAVE to transfer a copy of a module to your account and a disk file of that name and extension already exists SAVE erases the original disk file and replaces it with a copy of the memory module SAVE LOG ERASE LOG PRG SAVE LOG PRG In the example above a file named LOG PRG already existed in the account SAVE erased it and replaced it with a new copy of the memory module LOG PRG If you do not want SAVE to delete existing files use the rename option end the SAVE command line with a slash and an extension 1f SAVE finds a file in the account with the same name and extension as the module you want to save SAVE renames the file in the account with the new extension For example let s say that a file EXIT SBR exists in your account If you want to save a module in your memory partition named EXIT SBR you can either say SAVE EXIT SBR ERASE EXIT SBR SAVE EXIT SBR which deletes and replaces the file already on the disk or Changed 15 October 1979 O MEMORY COMMANDS Page 11 7 SAVE EXIT SBR OLD Q RENAME EXIT SBR SAVE EXIT SBR which renames the disk file EXIT SBR to EXIT OLD and saves the memory module as disk file EXIT SB
47. value based on characteristics of the file Serves to help you distinguish between different versions of the same file BASE or B Displays the starting disk address in octal of the file NOBASE or NOB Turns off the BASE option CONTIGUOUS or C Displays a C next to the extension of a contiguous file Allows you to distinguish between random that is contiguous files and sequential files FULL or F Gives you full range of information options Same as specifying H B C You may place more than one switch on a command line as long as you precede each switch with a slash For example 2DIR H W 2 110 212 DATA OPTION The D switch tells DIR to list the complete file specification for each file in the directory Listing For example DIR D 130 1 130 512 AMS1 COM BAS 130 11 AMST FF CMDIT30 1 Tl AMS1 INTRO TXTL130 1 AMS1 AUGMNT LSP 130 1 AMS1 START BAS 130 5 AMST COM BASIA30 54 AMS1 COM RUNC130 5 One fact that makes the D switch of considerable use is that a directory listfile created while the D switch is in effect contains file specifications in a form that is readable by BASIC BASIC programs can therefore read the listfile to gain a list of files to open for data transfer The D switch is an operation switch it acts the same no matter where you place it on the DIR command line DIR D 100 2 110 610 produces the same directory listing as DIR 100 21 0 110 6 o KILL OPTION If yo
48. 0 513 MYFILE BAK 1 UNBILL BAS 6 Total of 3 files in 9 blocks The information above tells us that we have three files in account 95K0 200 57 MYFILE TXT MYFILE BAK and UNBILL BAS These files are respectively 2 1 and 6 blocks in length We divide up the disk into units of 512 bytes called blocks The display above is called a directory listing The directory listing that you see when you use the DIR command will probably have more files in it ES than the example above and the size of MYFILE will depend upon how much text you typed in when you created the file using VUE xx FOR MORE INFORMATION xx See this manual Section 9 2 Finding Out What Files Are on the Disk DIR 4 4 DISPLAYING A FILE To display the file that you ve just created type TYPE MYFILE TXT 2 You see your file displayed on the screen Your file may be so Long that it does not fit all on one screen page If so you can freeze the text display so you can see it by typing a Control S to release the display type a Control To interrupt the display type a Control C xx FOR MORE INFORMATION xx ae o manual Section 10 1 Displaying the Contents of a File aaa maa e o A QUICK DEMO OF SYSTEM USE Page 4 6 4 5 COPYING A FILE You can make a copy of your text file by using the COPY command Pick a name from one to six characters in length We ll use the name of NEW TXT Type COPY NEW TXT MYFILE TXT o MYFILE TXT to NEW TXT Total of 1 file tra
49. ASE followed by the specification for the file you want to erase hit RETURN Page 9 24 THE WILDCARD FILE COMMANDS Page 9 25 ERASE SEED MAC J SEED MAC Total of 1 file deleted disk blocks freed DALIA AIDA A AAA DA gt You may specify more than one file to be erased by including more than one infilespec on the command line separated by commas ERASE CONTRL LSP REMOTE PRG Y CONTRL LSP REMOTE PRG Total of 2 files deleted 23 disk blocks freed 9 4 2 Erasing Files From Accounts Other Than Your Own You can erase files from your own account or from other accounts within your own project To erase files from other accounts include the device and account specification for those accounts as part of your infilespecs ERASE DSKO VUE HLP 230 0 BASIC HLP 230 5 SWITCH HLP 230 10 0 Dsk0 VUE HLP 230 0 DSKO BASIC HLP 230 5 DSKU SWITCH HLP 230 10 Total of 3 files deleted 134 disk blocks freed NOTE Remember that ERASE is a wildcard file command the first infilespec in the command line above sets the default device to DSKO for the entire list of infilespecs If you try to erase a file from an account that does not share the project number of your own PPN you see CANNOT DELETE filespec PROTECTION VIOLATION where filespec is the input file you tried to erase The exception to this rule is that the System Operator may if logged into the System Operator Account DSKO C1 2 erase files from all accounts regard
50. ASIC 3 PAS file Then compile with PRUN COMPILR 4 TXT file Then format with TXTFMT If you omit portions of the file specification COM assumes the account and device you are logged into Of course if COM is used within a command file COM uses the account and device of the user of the command file as the defaults 2 CHAPTER 9 THE WILDCARD FILE COMMANDS This chapter and the next describe the commands that you will use most frequently in handling files There are other file commands that we do not discuss in this manual you will find a list of ALL of the commands you can use on files in the AMOS System Commands Reference Sheets For now just remember that there are several programs not discussed in this manual that help you to create and access files for an introduction to those programs see the manual titled Introduction to AMOS 9 1 INTRODUCTION TO WILDCARD FILE COMMANDS This chapter describes five of the commands that you can use on files COPY DIR ERASE PRINT and RENAME We have grouped these commands apart from the rest of the file commands because of the special abilities they share even though these five commands perform very different functions they have in common an advanced ability to recognize wildcard file specifications that allows them to process file specifications differently than do the rest of the commands on the system In honor of their special talent for using wildcards we have named these
51. About Specific Memory Modules If you want to discover the size of a particular memory module in your memory partition or its base memory address or hashmark supply a Filespec to the MAP command MAP LOG LOG PRE 1016 035022 512 123 435 601 FREE 48416 040736 11 2 3 Selecting MAP Options You may choose among several MAP options by including one or more of the one character MAP Switches at the end of the command Line following a single slash Each character after the slash up to the RETURN at the end of the command Line is considered to be a separate Switch so MAP Switches MUST appear at the end of the command Line The MAP Switches allow you to Limit the MAP display by requesting only Changed 15 October 1979 MEMORY COMMANDS Page 11 4 specific items of information They also allow you to see the modules jn system memory Also see Section 11 3 Finding Out What Modules Are in System Memory SYSTEM The MAP Switches are IF FREE Display amount of free memory bytes available in decimal You must use with the S Switch S SIZE Display size in bytes of each module listed decimal number B BASE ADDRESS Display base memory address for each module in octal E M MODULES Display information about modules U USER MEMORY Display information about modules that are in your memory partition R RESIDENT MEMORY Display information about modules that are in system memory H HASHMARK Display hashma
52. B NAME IS JOB1 12 5 SENDING MESSAGES TO OTHER JOBS SEND The SEND command allows you to exchange messages between several terminals on the system To exchange messages the communicating terminals must be connected to the same system and turned on COMMAND SYNTAX SEND jobname Message where jobname selects the job to whom you are sending a message Type SEND followed by name of the job with whom you want to communicate then enter the message and a RETURN To find out the names of the jobs on the system use the SYSTAT command see Section 12 1 The System Status Command SYSTAT To find out your job name use the JOBS command see Section 12 4 Finding Out Your Job Name JOBS SYSTEM INFORMATION COMMANDS Page 12 6 As an example assume that you are J0B1 and that you want to send a message to the user whose job name is ROBIN SEND ROBIN HOW LONG IS THAT LISTING YOU ARE PRINTING P The message appears on the terminal attached to job ROBIN prefaced by your job name 5 J0B1 HOW LONG IS THAT LISTING YOU ARE PRINTING That user may now send a message back to you SEND JOB1 ABOUT 17 PAGES Y You can guard your job from receiving messages by using the SET GUARD option see Section 12 2 The SET Command 12 5 1 SEND Error Messages Below are the error messages you may see when using SEND 1 Job not found You tried to send a message to a nonexistent job make sure that you spelled the job name correctly and that th
53. COPY Q MAC x MC1 MC2 NOQ MC3 MCR Q HYDRA MC1 to HYDRA MAC Y DUAL MC1 to DUAL MAC Y Y FILE2 MC2 to FILE2 MAC N Y STRESS MC3 to STRESS MAC STRS2 MC3 to STRS2 MAC BRIDGE MCR to BRIDGE MAC Total of 5 files transferred NODELETE OPTION If you ask COPY to create a new file with the name that belongs to an existing file in the account COPY usually simply replaces that old file with the new copy If you do not want COPY to delete existing files use the NOD OPTION COPY NODELETE AMS1 RUNL110 3 AMS1 ICE RUN 110 33 to ICE RUN AMS 1 CHEM RUNTT10 31 to CHEM RUN Not copied Destination file already exists No files transferred The NOD switch is a file switch DELETE OPTION The D switch turns off the NODELETE switch For example COPY TXT NOD LST TXF D TNF PACK OPTION The P switch allows you to copy a file over onto itself No two files with the same name and extension may exist within the same account If you ask COPY to create a copy of a file within an account and you want the copy to have the same name as the original COPY can delete the original file and replace it with the copy This is a VERY dangerous procedure if another job is running concurrently on the system your file can be lost or scrambled if another user accesses the disk at the same time COPY does not allow you to do this kind of thing unless you include the PACK switch on the command line THE WILDCARD FILE COMMANDS Pag
54. Command File c oonoooooanana Ka 5 System Marlins arca eens ING OFF THE SYSTEM wccccncencccnnccncncnes IDENTIFYING FILES TO AMOS 6 1 FILE SPECIFICATIONS EECEE ENE EERE EE EE EE EE YEN 6 1 1 Device Name EEEEER EERE EN ENE EYE EESY 0 0068 6 1 1 1 Special Devices nooonoooo Sede Filename ear e GG AGA GN AG AA GileS CEXDENSI N canes cacaos 6 1 4 Project programmer Number ooonooonon 6 2 WILDCARD SYMBOLS wara Gm APANG WAG WI NA ala se 6 3 FILE SPECIFICATION DEFAULTS ooooonacanarona THE SYSTEM COMMANDS INTRODUCTION TO AMOS COMMANDS 7 1 COMMAND SYNTAX LARA REEEGGEAGAEE GG FEE EE EE 7 1 1 Command Defaults LANE EEEEE EE Ea a SEE ES TS ES a 7 2 COMMAND SWITCHES 60 0 0 00 nx 0x00000000 0000000 000 00 00000000004 COMMAND FILES AND DO FILES 8 1 THE CONTENTS OF A COMMAND FILE ooooooonoo 8 1 1 Special Symbols in Command Files 8 2 DO FILES LAGE EE EE EE FEE EE NE NANANA AAAAAA A 8 2 1 Building and Invoking DO Files n 8 8 2 2 Special Parameter Symbols oooonooo 8 2 3 SAMPLE DO FILES LSonnacranonacannacanes 8 2 3 1 TFORM DO BUONG OBB B 2 3 2 PRINTE DO snsrcasarcioricinsss 8 2 3 3 BACKUP DO onsoconocnacansesoso 8a2 3 4 WRITE DO ua cae 8 2 3 5 ASSMBL DO cana ada daa THE WILDCARD FILE COMMANDS 9 1 INTRODUCTION TO WILDCARD FILE COMMANDS sanag 9 1 1 Wildcard Symbols s ooonoonnooncnoanoso 9 1 2 Input File Specifications ooonooo Page viii DAYO TU Na l Sea n ANNEES
55. EM ADEVTBL sacara 1er FINDING OUT THE NAME OF YOUR JOB JOBS 12 5 SENDING MESSAGES TO OTHER JOBS SEND 1275 12 5 1 SEND Error Messages oonnoonannanora 1276 J AMOS USER S GUIDE Page xi CHAPTER 13 DISK BACKUP PROCEDURES 13 1 BACKING UP THE FILES IN YOUR ACCOUNT USING COPY uuaaanun A 13 2 13 1 1 The System Operator and the COPY Command seccecacccccenccscceees 1575 13 2 BACKING UP ENTIRE DISKS DSKCPY cooonnonano 13 3 APPENDIX A AMOS SYSTEM ERROR MESSAGES APPENDIX B AMOS COMMAND PROCESSING INDEX CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO THE MANUAL If you have been a user on a large timesharing main frame system before you will notice a remarkable kinship between these sophisticated systems and the Alpha Micro microcomputer In fact the distinction between main frames minicomputers and microcomputers has become increasingly blurred during the Last few years In many ways your Alpha Micro computer is closer in philosophy of operation to a large scale timesharing system than it is to the microcomputers in the personal computer field yet it retains the cost advantage of a small system Take a look at some of the features of the Alpha Micro Operating System AMOS most of which are new to microcomputers TIMESHARING AMOS supports several users on the system at the same time all running the same or different programs USER ACCOUNTS ALL users are assigned an account and optionally a password A user must presen
56. ER 1s a file switch FORMFEED OPTION The FORMFEED switch prints a final form feed at the bottom of each listing It is a file switch NOFORMFEED OPTION THE NOFORMFEED switch does not print a final form feed at the end if each listing It is a file switch LPP OPTION The LPP switch indicates the number of lines to print on each page Lines Per Page If HEADER is set PRINT prints a form feed when it outputs a full page and then it prints a page header LPP n is a file switch WIDTH OPTION The WIDTH switch determines the page width in characters PRINT only uses this value in printing page headers The WIDTH value must be between 80 and 132 inclusive WIDTH n is a file switch WAIT OPTION The WAIT switch determines the operation of the PRINT command when you try to enter more print requests into a printer queue than PRINT can handle Normally PRINT discards the extra print requests WAIT tells PRINT not to discard the extra print requests but to reinsert them into the queue as PRINT finishes processing earlier requests This option ties up your terminal while it waits for room to be made in the queue WAIT is an Operation switch Changed 15 October 1979 THE WILDCARD FILE COMMAND Page 9 44 9 6 6 PRINT and Ersatz Devices You may include the ersatz device specifications in your PRINT command line For example PRINT BAS TXT y DSKO SBRDOC TXT 7 6 DSKO BASHLP TXT 7 6 Total of 2 files 34 blocks in pr
57. GRESS Job waiting for the system to finish reading or writing data on the disk 10 I O ACCESS OTHER THAN TERMINAL OR DISK Job is waiting for data transfer to finish between system and a device other than a terminal or disk EW EXTERNAL WAIT Job is waiting for someone or something to wake it up RN RUNNING Job is running a program SYSTEM INFORMATION COMMANDS Page 12 3 SP SUSPENDED STATE After a SUSPND command the job is in suspension must be revived by a REVIVE command e CONTROL C Job is at AMOS command level waiting for a new command 12 2 THE SET COMMAND The SET command allows you to select various options that affect how AMOS communicates with your terminal For example you can use the SET command to choose the number base octal or hexadecimal AMOS uses when displaying non decimal numeric data on your screen You can also choose various error reporting options The options you select affect only your job COMMAND SYNTAX SET option y COMMAND DEFAULTS The default options are OCTAL ECHO NOVERIFY NOGUARD NODSKERR CTRLC To see what options are in effect for your job type SET and a RETURN SET O Current settings are OCTAL ECHO DSKERR NOVERIFY NOGUARD CTRLC To set an option type SET and the option name see below then hit RETURN SET DSKERR The SET options are CTRLC Tells AMOS to recognize Control Cs the user interrupt command NOCTRLC Disables Control C recognition by AMOS
58. ION COMMANDS Page 12 2 J0B1 TRMI 110 4 22276 RN SYSTAT 51000 BYTES AT LOC 33710 SPOOL NULL 1 2 22742 EW LPTSPL 854 BYTES AT LOC 32162 DSKO 5321 FREE BLOCKS DSK1 2134 FREE BLOCKS On this particular system there is only one user J0B1 who is using terminal TRM1 J0B1 is logged into 110 4 and is running SYSTAT J0B1 s memory partition begins at memory address 33710 and is 51000 bytes Large The second job on the system SPOOL is a job being used by the sole user of the system to run the Line printer spooler program LPTSPL so that when the user wants to print a file he or she can have SPOOL do it without interrupting the user s other activities See Section 9 6 Printing a File PRINT for information on Line printer spoolers The last two lines of the display show that the devices DSKO and DSK1 are mounted and that they have 5321 and 5134 free disk blocks respectively 12 1 1 Job Status Symbols The job status symbols in the SYSTAT display tell you what the jobs on the system are doing TI TERMINAL INPUT WAIT STATE The job is waiting to receive data from a terminal but nothing s been entered from the keyboard TO TERMINAL OUTPUT WAIT STATE The job is waiting to output data to a terminal but the buffers data storage areas are full LD PROGRAM LOAD STATE The job is in the process of loading a program SL SLEEP STATE The job has been put into hibernation by using the SLEEP command DS DISK ACCESS IN PRO
59. ITE INPUT OUTPUT WAIT DELETE RENAME ASSIGN DEASSIGN or ACCESS Filespec or Devn and ends with one of the messages below e g Cannot READ AMS3 disk not mounted 1 bitmap kaput Every time the system writes data to a file structured device Ce g DSKO AMS1 it checks that device s bitmap to determine where on the disk to write the data A bitmap is a map of the device it tells the system what records on the device already contain data and which are free for use Every time the system checks the bitmap it sums the data in that bitmap and checks it against the value it has previously computed if there is a discrepancy it means that something in the bitmap has changed and you see the bitmap kaput message MOUNT the disk If you still get this message check with the System Operator for help he or she can run a disk analysis program that will reset the bitmap 2 buffer not INITed Before your assembly language program can perform an open read or write operation the program must assign a buffer to the file DDB Because you can use the monitor call INIT to do this we say that the buffer has been INITed If you fail to do this procedure you will see this message If you should see this message from within BASIC the message may indicate memory problems check with the System Operator Changed 15 October 1979 AMOS SYSTEM ERROR MESSAGES Page A 2 3 10 device does not exist You ve tri
60. ITIONAL USEFUL COMMANDS BATCH COM In addition to the commands we discussed above two other new commands exist that are particularly helpful when used within command files You may also use these commands at AMOS command level 5 1 The BATCH Command A command file executes faster if the Programs it accesses are already loaded into memory when that command file needs them The BATCH command loads into your memory partition programs that are frequently used when making use of the new command file features GOTO LOOKUP EXIT TRACE PAUSE and LOAD NOTE GOTO LOOKUP EXIT TRACE and PAUSE are re entrant and may be placed into system memory by the System Operator If you use BATCH from within a command file rather than at AMOS command level you will want to put BATCH at the front of the command file BATCH takes up about 1K of your memory partition To use BATCH enter the command followed by a RETURN BATCH 5 2 The COM Command The COM command processes a file based on its extension To use the Command enter COM followed by the name of the file you want to affect You may not include the extension of the file In addition the file must appear within the account you are logged into but you may specify a different device For example COM STD1 MNMENU NEW COMMAND FILE AND DO FILE FEATURES Page 11 ma COM begins looking for the disk file in this order l MAC file Then assemble with MACRO 2 BAS file Then compile with B
61. In the example above files of ANY name with a BAS extension match the filespec BAS That means of course that the command above erases ALL BAS files in your account NOTE Not all AMOS commands recognize wildcards You must refer to the documentation for a specific command to see if you can use wildcards in the filespecs you supply to that command The two most common wildcards are and ALL AMOS commands that recognize wildcards recognize these two symbols Matches any symbol or group of symbols in a filename or extension BOTANY selects all files in your account named BOTANY of ANY extension e g BOTANY TXT BOTANY LST BOTANY BAS You may precede the with one or more symbols e g F1 MA4 selects the files FITST MAC FINEW MAX and FIOLD MAX but you may not follow the with any characters e g DSK TXT A KAO e e co IDENTIFYING FILES TO AMOS Page 6 6 Matches any one symbol in a filename or extension 222DSK MAC selects PACDSK MAC DIRDSK MAC and AR1DSK MAC You may place characters before or after s e g M2 721 TXT selects MARY1 TXT and MIST1 TXT If 7s appear at the end of a filename or extension e g FR MAC or ACCNT T that many or FEWER characters may match For example P RUN may match the files PINVT RUN PTST RUN and P1 RUN otherwise the number of matching characters exactly matches the number of 7s NOTE Several of the commands that you can use when handling files hav
62. KUP CMD 100 41 and want to know which file AMOS will encounter first if you enter just the name of the file without specifying device account or extension BACKUP 2 For example let s say that you enter the Directory command DIR 1 AMOS first looks at system memory the area of memory used by the operating system to see if the disk file DIR PRG has already been Loaded into system memory if so AMOS executes it 2 If the memory module DIR PRG is not in system memory AMOS Looks for it in your own memory partitition If it is there AMOS executes it 3 If the memory module DIR PRG is not in system memory or in your memory partition AMOS looks for a disk file named DIR PRG on the System Disk in the System Account DSKO 1 4 If it is there AMOS loads a copy of the file into your memory partition and executes it 4 If DIR PRG does not exist in the System Account AMOS looks for it in the account and device you are currently logged into 5 By this time if AMOS has not found DIR PRG it decides that perhaps the file is not a PRG file an assembly Language program Now AMOS assumes that the file is a command file First it looks in your memory partition for a memory module named DIR CMD if it is there it processes the module as a command file AMOS COMMAND PROCESSING Page B 2 6 Next AMOS searches for DIR CMD in the System Command File Library Account DSKO L2 21 f If DIR CMD is not in DSKO 2 2 AMOS Look
63. NAME and Special and Ersatz Devices 9 3 1 Renaming a File in Your Account Let s say that you want to change the name of a file in your account from WRKFIL TXT to SUBRTN BAS Type RENAME Now specify the new name of the file and type an equal sign then specify the file you want to rename Hit RETURN RENAME SUBRTN BAS WRKFIL TXT Y WRKFIL TXT TO SUBRTN BAS Total of 1 file renamed 9 3 2 Renaming a File in an Account Other Than Your Own You are allowed to rename files in accounts other than the one you are Logged into RENAME DOC1 TXT FRED TXTL110 4 Y FRED TXTC110 43 TO DOC1 TXT Total of 1 file renamed The example above renames file FRED TXT in account 110 4 to DOC1 TXT Note that the new file DOC1 TXT is still in account 110 4 The files that you rename must be either in your own account or in an account that shares the project number of the account you are logged into If you try to rename a file in an account that is not in your own project you see THE WILDCARD FILE COMMANDS Page 9 20 RENAME DCLARE WRKPRG 100 119 WRKPRG LSP 100 1 to DCLARE LSP CANNOT RENAME WRKPRG LSPL100 1 PROTECTION VIOLATION ANo files renamed The exception to this rule is that the System Operator may when logged into the System Operator s Account DSKQ 1 2 rename files in any account regardless of its project number Since you cannot change the location of a file by using the RENAME command you are not allowed to include an
64. O 00 iN N D i 00 Jun amp NE PAN uy OoN Ooo Oa gt Fo TONY I 5 NN COBROAWE I O 1 NG i IN iNi A N NOS Nw gt an an Li 1 49 PIT TATA PIT WEW EMSA WaW Oo Ooo A o O NO ide N y NOA NN j iN 6 4 8 5 A 1 6 1 7 2 Page Index 3 AMOS USER S GUIDE INDEX Job status symbols JOBS Keyboard ALPHA key CONTROL key ESC key RETURN key RUB key Shift key Line printer queue Line printer spooler LOAD u Una LOG o a o o 5 yo Logging in Ersatz devices Mail 5g Wa START CM Transferring acc Logging off Logical records Logical unit LOGOFF unt o a e Of Wg e o HO o o att e 7 5 s No o gy s o ee o 4 3 o o o BG PF MAIL JNK MAP MAP Switches MEM Memory module Memory partition Merging files MOUNT Mounting disks Multiprogramming Multitasking 7 Nonsharable devices Operation switch Optional elements Output file aas a Password Physical device PPN ana a gs Week See PRINT Gg Printing a directory listi Printing a file Programmer number a Project number 5 Project programmer number Changed 15 October 1979 3 e 0 o o a es y 8 ge ng Page Index 4 3 9 37 9 37 12 2 11 1 4 1 5 2 5 1 to 5 2 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 9 10 4 6 1 4 9 5 5 5 5 13 1 5 5 11 2 11
65. ONT erases the CNT CMD file from the disk If no CNT CMD file exists in the account CONT displays the message Can t continue and you are returned to AMOS command level NEW COMMAND FILE AND DO FILE FEATURES Page 8 4 0 TRANSFERRING CONTROL WITHIN A COMMAND FILE GOTO EXIT Since the LOOKUP command allows you to choose which line of a command file to execute it now becomes possible to use a transfer command GOTO to select which portion of a command file to execute based on the results of a file lookup Used in combination with one another the GOTO EXIT and LOOKUP commands allow your command files to perform conditional branching 4 1 The GOTO Command You may only use the GOTO command within a command file The GOTO command allows you to transfer control from one portion of your command file to another The GOTO command line must contain both the GOTO command and an argument which is the name of the label to branch to For example Command file to compile BASIC programs ma we LOOKUP TAXTBL BAS Couldn t find file Are you in right account GOTO NOFILE If file not found go to NOFILE y TRACE ON COMPIL TAXTBL BAS RUN TAXTBL RUN y EXIT That s all Returning you to AMOS command level NOFILE 2 lt We re going to enter VUE so you can create TAXTBL BAS Type an X if you don t want to create the file otherwise gt PAUSE Hit RETURN when ready VUE TAXTBL BAS Y In the example above the GOTO
66. R DSKO 7 6JDRILL RUN Total of 3 files deleted 123 disk blocks freed eee O ee NOTE In the example above you must be logged into an account in Project 7 to avoid a Protection Violation error THE WILDCARD FILE COMMANDS Page 9 28 9 4 7 ERASE Error Messages Below are some of the more common error messages you might see when using ERASE For a list of other system error messages see Appendix A AMOS System Error Messages No files deleted ERASE was not able to find the files you specified Make sure that you included account and device specifications if they are needed 2 Account does not exist p pn The account indicated does not exist Remember to include a device specification if needed Try using the DIR command for that account using the ALL device specification to locate it Check with your System Operator if you still have no success 3 No file oriented device corresponding to dev is mounted You specified a device but did not include a unit specification e g STD ERASE was not able to find a mounted unit matching that specification Use the MOUNT command to make sure that the device is mounted Check with your System Operator to see if the device you specified is a valid system device 6 Specification error ERASE did not understand the format of your command line The symbol points to the confusing element of the line Retype the command line 5 More than one output specification You m
67. R If the account contains a file with the same name and extension as the file being renamed SAVE deletes that original file For example if a file EXIT OLD already exists in the account the example above would look like this SAVE EXIT SBR OLD Q ERASE EXIT OLD RENAME EXIT SBR SAVE _EXIT SBR SAVE Lists all modules that it saves if you do not see such a list it means that SAVE was not able to save the modules you specified 11 5 DELETING MEMORY MODULES FROM YOUR MEMORY PARTITION DEL To delete memory modules from your memory partition use the DEL command COMMAND SYNTAX DEL filespeci filespecN Y COMMAND DEFAULTS DEL assumes an extension of DEL understands the wildcard symbols and To delete modules type DEL followed by a list of specifications then type a RETURN DEL PRG RUN Y REMOVE PRG MENU RUN XOR RUN DEL displays no error messages you will know that it was unable to perform its function if it does not report back with a list of the modules deleted As DEL deletes modules from your memory partition it shifts the remaining modules down in memory i e toward location zero if they have addresses greater than those of the deleted modules CHAPTER 12 SYSTEM INFORMATION COMMANDS The last group of commands that we document in this manual are those commands that provide you with information about the system There exist on the system many other programs that reveal details about how the sy
68. RINT finishes processing earlier requests rather than to discard them if the queue is full You may specify more than one switch on a command Line as long as you precede each switch with a slash PRINT TETRA COPIES 2 FORMS NORMAL BANNER o COPIES OPTION To tell PRINT to make more than one copy of your listing include the C n switch on your command line C n is a file switch it can affect all files specified on the command line or only specific files depending on where you place it on the command Line PRINT STEPPR MAC C 2 BAS tells PRINT to make two copies of STEPPR MAC but only one copy each of the BASIC files in your account The command Line sPRINT C 2 STEPPR MAC BAS tells PRINT to make two copies of STEPPR MAC and all of the BASIC files in your account KILL OPTION Use the K switch to remove a print request from a printer queue You may remove the request from the queue of a specific printer by specifying the name of that printer PRINT TERM6 NEWFIL TXT K o NEWFIL TXT Total of 1 file killed or by not specifying a printer you may tell PRINT to search the queues of z aaa and to remove the specified file from the queue in which it is ound Changed 15 October 1979 THE WILDCARD FILE COMMAND l Page 9 42 PRINT NEWFIL TXT CRESR LST e NEWFIL TXT CRESR LST Total of 2 files killed The Filespecs that you specify when using the K switch may NOT contain wildcards KILL is an operation
69. SET BAS to DSK1 RESET BAS CRITEM BAS to DSK1 CRITEM BAS PRINT TXT to DSK1 PRINT TXT Total of 4 files transferred The fact that nothing appears on the right side of the equal sign in the command Line above tells COPY that we want to copy ALL files from the device and account we are logged into The DSK1 on the Left hand side of the equal sign tells COPY to transfer copies of those files under their own names to the same account on DSK1 Changed 15 October 1979 DISK BACKUP PROCEDURES Page 13 3 COPY DSK1 J 300 O FUNC BAS 300 1J to DSK1 FUNC BAS 300 1 PRTYP PRG 300 2J to DSK1 PRTYP PR6 300 2 IBUF MAC 300 21 to DSK1 IBUF MAC 300 2 IBUF PRG 300 2 to DSK1 IBUF PRG 300 2 PARSER PRGL300 10 to DSK1 PARSER PRGL300 10 Total of 5 files transferred The command above tells COPY to copy all files from all accounts in project 300 on the device you are logged into over to the same accounts on ODSK1 You must remember to include the wildcard PPN symbol on the Left side of the equal sign if you do not COPY will copy every file in all accounts on the device into which you are logged into just the single account that you are using n DSK1 In the example above you must be logged into an account in Project 300 to avoid a Protection Violation error 13 1 1 The System Operator and the COPY Command The System Operator if logged into DSK0 1 21 can use COPY to back up all of the accounts on a disk regardless of their project
70. THE SYSTEM saa coannansunacoosas CHAPTER 3 COMMUNICATING WITH AMOS 1 PROMPT AND CURSOR SYMBOLS uununanaananano 372 2 THE KEYBOARD oononanoncsnsacascadononaacanoaso J72 3 CONTROL CHARACTERS cooanocoscocracanancconcoanas 373 4 TYPING COMMANDS oonnconocooncaccccnanancananans 354 5 THE HELP COMMAND ios ccacrra ancora nino oO CHAPTER 4 A QUICK DEMO OF SYSTEM USE 4 1 LOGGING IN cecuccccuuesacenennevesdeeusoewenwe 4 2 CREATING A TEXT FILE WITH VUE oooanananconaocs 4 2 1 Erasing Characters on oonanaconononsos 4 2 2 Inserting Characters anoonnaconnanana 4 2 3 Leaving VUE enoonconancccenanonanasanes 3 FINDING OUT WHAT FILES ARE IN YOUR ACCOUNT 4 DISPLAYING A FILE anomia drenar 5 COPYING A FILE u22ananan ere rr 6 7 i O un UE EW Was RENAMING A FILE c00 uvonnnnonoonnannonanooenn GETTING INTO BASIC TETERA EAN 4 7 1 Saving a BASIC Program eooonnnnnnon 8 ERASING A FILE FROM YOUR ACCOUNT aconnnonanos 9 LOGGING OFF THE SYSTEM aaa BNG NAGA eee ie 2 ET T O ee I NO 00 ONO AMOS USER S GUIDE CHAPTER 5 CHAPTER 6 PART II CHAPTER 7 CHAPTER 8 CHAPTER 9 IDENTIFYING YOURSELF TO AMOS 5 1 PROJECT PROGRAMMER NUMBERS cooooonnoronononss e PASSWORDS coco aa a 5 3 LOGGING INTO THE SYSTEM uun0anounosooosonen 5 3 1 Finding Out What Account You Are Logged into cevecwnccccencccnccccennsane 2 Transferring to Another Account 3 LOG and the Ersatz Devices o ooonnno o o 4 The START
71. UB key Hit the RUB key 1f you are using a CRT terminal you see the cursor move to the left erasing the character in its new position Keep typing RUB until the incorrect characters are gone now type the correct characters If you are using a hard copy terminal rubouts usually appear as a backslash followed by the characters you ve deleted and another backslash For example deleting the word THE appears as EHT Tag COMMUNICATING WITH AMOS 39 Page 3 3 SHIFT The shift key acts much as the shift key on a typewriter By holding down the shift key you can type Upper Case letters and the symbols that occur on the upper half of the keys that bear two symbols ALPHA sometimes Labeled CAPS LOCK While the ALPHA key is locked in place all letters appear as upper case however the keys that bear two symbols are not affected by the ALPHA key That is to type a you must hold down the shift key while you type a 5 even if the ALPHA key is down NOTE Not all terminals have ALPHA keys ESC sometimes labeled ESCAPE or ALT MODE The Escape key is used with several programs on the system to signal the end of input or to switch between command modes However you do not use Escape at the AMOS command level CONTROL sometimes labeled CTRL The Control key gives you the opportunity to enter a different kind of character to the system a Control character See below for a list of the important Control charact
72. W to act For example the RENAME command below renames the file ORDERS DAT the infilespec to ARCVBL DAT the outfilespec THE WILDCARD FILE COMMANDS Page 9 5 2RENAME ARCVBL DAT ORDERS DAT The infilespec selects the file on which to act ORDERS DAT and the outfilespec tells RENAME the new name to give to the file Outfilespecs modify selected portions of infilespecs In the case of the RENAME command above we replace the filename and extension of the infilespec with the filename and extension of the outfilespec When an outfilespec contains wildcard symbols it only partially modifies the infilespec those portions of the infilespec that correspond to the wildcard portions of the outfilespec are left alone For example 2RENAME OLD MACROS NEW WRKFIL NEW MACROS NEW TO MACROS OLD WRKFIL NEW TO WRKFIL OLD Total of 2 files renamed In the example above the filename portion of the outfilespec 0LD is a wildcard symbol The filenames of the infilespecs are left unchanged and only the extension is modified We might have achieved the same effect by using a wildcard infilespec to select the two input files MACROS NEW and WRKFIL NEW RENAME x x OLD x NEW MACROS NEW TO MACROS OLD WRKFIL NEW TO WRKFIL OLD Total of 2 files renamed Another example of wildcard use in outfilespecs RENAME GLx AR Q ARTFIL AR TO GLIFIL AR AR2DAT AR TO GL2DAT AR UNBILL AR TO GLBILL AR Total of 3 files renamed The example above
73. We ll assume that you want to sort the file first by state then within state by customer name The number of characters in each Logical record i e on each line is 45 including spaces and punctuation but excluding the carriage return at the end of each record So the maximum record size is 45 bytes Customer names begin in position 1 and states begin in position 44 Changed 15 October 1979 MORE FILE COMMANDS SORT DATA O Record size 45 o Key size 2 J Key position 44 o Key order A o Key size 16 O Key position 1 Key order A Key size o Sorted 6 records 1 Run 20 Key comparisions 3 33 per record Elapsed time 00 00 05 920 ms per record If we Look at the data file it now Looks Like this Kinslayer E 5678 Calle Rio Tucson AZ Clayton Alfred 8523 Delta Rd Orange CA Dion F 27819 Glen Anne Anaheim CA Hinchey Edsel 7701 Wanda Dr Santa Ana CA Swenson John 120 Halstead Chicago IL Vine Irv 243 Princeton Lowett MA 10 3 4 SORT Error Messages Page 10 8 Below are some common error messages that you may see while using SORT If you encounter an error not mentioned below refer to Appendix A AMOS System Error Messages 1 Enter A or D SORT wants to know whether you want to sort t ascending A or descending D order you must enter an A 2 Insufficient memory for sort SORT must be able to fit at Least five of your data into memory to perform a sort if it cannot you will message
74. a we Trident drive aaa a a ao a a aa TREE SN TRMDEE a e la ee as Turning off the system Turning on the system TYPE mido aa GG ar ao AG a Typing commands a a sa a a PIU ET hd HA 2uU a q NO i No 1 iN FMS ENN 10 1 bra dell teks I Underlines 2 ari Changed 15 October 1979 AMOS USER S GUIDE INDEX Page Index 6 VUE LI a LI a LI 4 3 6 3 Wildcard file commands 6 6 9 1 Wildcard symbols aaa s s we 2 9 2 Wildcards s na onewa ea s 4 8 6 5 EJ symbol e ra A Boe a 9 2 9 9 Changed 15 October 1979
75. a specific file exists and exit a command file perform various AMOS commands and then resume execution of that command file We also describe several new AMOS level commands that are particularly useful as command file elements For detailed information on the concepts of command files and DO files refer to Chapter 8 Command Files and DO Files in the AMOS User s Guide DWM 00100 35 In brief a command file is a special kind of text file which can contain a series of AMOS commands specifications of other command files test data etc To execute all of the commands and data ina DO file or a command file just enter the name of the file at AMOS command level Command files are extremely useful for performing entire sequences of commands that you use frequently e g commands that do disk backup or that compile a series of BASIC programs DO files are a type of command file that allow you to specify arguments that are Substituted into the DO file where special parameter symbols appear This allows you to use one DO file with a wide range of files or programs Since DO files are just one type of command file when we mention command files in the rest of this document we will be talking about both standard command files and DO files Special symbols may appear in command files that allow you to ask the user of the file for input and to display messages to that user In addition you may use the T S and R symbols to choose whether
76. aining a standard preface PRFACE Let s say that these three files are always formatted in front of a document You can call TFORM DO with a filespec that specifies the main body of the document 2 TFORM YEARLY O TXTFMT HEADER PRPNOT PRFACE YEARLY 8 2 3 2 PRINTE DO When you are printing a long list of files e g BASIC programs it is often convenient to separate those files by sending a form feed character to the printer after each file that you print then each file begins at the top of a page COMMAND FILES AND DO FILES Page 8 10 When you call PRINTE DO give it the filespec of the file you want to print PRINTE prints the file and then sends a form feed character FF TXT to the printer PRINT 50 7 FF TXT is in System Command File Library PRINT DSKO FF TXT 2 2 FF TXT is a text file that contains only one symbol a form feed character To create FF TXT follow these steps 1 Type MAKE FF TXT followed by a RETURN MAKE FF TXT O Type EDIT FF TXT followed by a RETURN EDIT FF TXT D Now you see the EDIT prompt Type 121 followed by two Escapes The two Escapes show up on the screen as two dollar signs x12155 Type an E followed by two Escapes the EDIT exit command XESS You are at AMOS command Level again and you have just created a text file that contains a form feed character The EDIT command 121 told EDIT to I nsert the numerical data 12 into your file this happens to be the ASCII code f
77. and 3 Total of 11 blocks the number of disk blocks in the queue waiting to be printed The next two lines of the display tell us what files are waiting to be printed how many copies of each will be printed and the kinds of forms on which they are supposed to be printed You also see the number of disk blocks per file to be printed An asterisk marks that file which is currently being printed The last line of the display above begins the information about the queue of the printer QUME In this case the queue has no files waiting to be printed The queue is empty If the queue did contain any print requests you would see a display similar to the one above for the HYTYPE queue 9 6 4 Setting Printer Forms Every printer used by the spooler has a type of form that is associated with it This assignment is done by the System Operator at the time of system initialization For example if you usually print checks on one printer the type of form that should be mounted on that printer might be named CHECKS When you type PRINT and a RETURN as in the section above you see the kind of form associated with each printer You may specify the kind of form on which you want your listing printed see the FORMS OPTION below In fact if the form mounted on the printer is NOT named NORMAL you MUST include a form specification in your print request So that you don t accidentally print a report on an invoice form or vice versa PRINT check
78. and above tells ERASE Erase all TXT files in the account I am currently logged into if those files ALSO exist in account 110 6 If an equal sign appears in an ERASE command line ERASE realizes that you are specifying an outfilespec If nothing appears to the left of the equal sign but the ERASE command ERASE uses the default outfilespec 2 THE WILDCARD FILE COMMANDS Page 9 27 9 4 5 Selecting ERASE Options You may select among the following ERASE options by including the proper switch on the ERASE command line both switches are file switches QUERY or Asks for confirmation before erasing each file NOQUERY or NOQ Performs erasures without asking for confirmation The initial default switch is NOQUERY You may combine and NOQ switches on a command line For example sERASE QUERY x BAK TXT NOQUERY TITLE TECH DOC TETRA BAS Y IMAGE BAK2Y Y COMF BAK N STAT TXT N INIT TXT2Y O TITLE BAS TITLE RUN TECH DOC TETRA BAS Total of 6 files deleted 120 disk blocks freed a ne ta LS 9 4 6 ERASE and Special and Ersatz Devices You may use ERASE to delete memory modules by specifying the MEM device ERASE MEM LOG QDT J LOG PRG QDT PRG Total of 2 files deleted 1406 bytes of memory freed ERASE also understands the ersatz devices You can for example erase files in the BASIC Language Library DSK0 7 6 by specifying the BAS device ERASE BAS DRILL P DSKO 7 6JIJDRILL SB
79. argument for COPIES _ You tried to give a non numeric argument to the COPIES n switch retype the command line Changed 15 October 1979 THE WILDCARD FILE COMMAND Page 9 45 Y Invalid argument for FORMS PRINT did not understand the symbols you entered after the FORMS switch For example you will see this message if you forget to enter the colon after the FORMS switch 8 Jobname Please mount form form name on Printer name The Spooler Operator job sees this message 1f you specify a form type that is not defined as being mounted on the printer 9 Cannot find DSKO SCNWLD SYSC1 4 or MEM SCNWLD SYS ALL wildcard file commands require the SCNWLD program to be in the System Program Library account DSKO 1 4 or in memory Check with the System Operator who will make sure that a valid copy of SCNWLD is installed in DSKO 1 4 10 Invalid argument for LPP You gave a non numeric argument to the Lines per page switch or the format of your command was incorrect Check your typing 11 Invalid argument for WIDTH You gave a non numeric argument to the page width switch or the format of your command was incorrect Again check your typing first Changed 15 October 1979 CHAPTER 10 MORE FILE COMMANDS In addition to the wildcard file commands there are three other major commands you can use when working on files None of these commands understand wildcard symbols For information on the other file commands availab
80. ary modules are in your memory partition invalid filename You ve specified a filename that the system does not understand For example MAKE TXT 2Cannot OPEN invalid filename where the filename is a space Changed 15 October 1979 AMOS SYSTEM ERROR MESSAGES Page A 4 18 protection violation You ve tried to create a file in an account other than your own that is outside of your project For example COPY 210 31 ELIPSE BAS 100 5 ELIPSE BAS 100 5 to ELIPSE BAS 210 3 Cannot OPEN ELIPSE BAS 100 5 protection violation ei ee protection violation 19 write protected You are trying to write data to a device that is write protected Write enable the disk and try again Make sure that you were writing to the correct disk In addition to the error messages above you can also see AM500 ERROR n FOR DRIVE n RECORD n CYLINDER n HEAD n SECTOR n You will see this message if you have SET DSKERR and a hard error occurs on a system that uses the AMSOO Disk Controller Hard Disk Subsystem This message indicates a hardware problem the Disk Controller wasn t able to successfully read data from the disk The message tells you what kind of error occurred refer to the information supplied with the disk drive to find out what error conditions corresponds to that error code and where on the device the data transfer operation failed the drive record cylinder head and sector Check with the System Operator for help
81. assword a secret If you have typed your PPN and password correctly you will be logged into the system LOG 321 101 0 Password a Logged into DSKO 321 10 If you have not typed your PPN or password correctly you see one of the messages Account number invalid Bad password Command format error and you will have to begin the login procedure all over again If you have been unsuccessful in logging in and have tried several times check with the System Operator to make sure that your PPN and password are correct If you log into an account where another user is already logged in you see LOG 211 561 Logged into DSKO 211 56 Caution other jobs same PPN It is generally a bad idea for two users to be sharing the same account at the same time For example if one user erases some files while another user is accessing one of those files or if both users try to access the same file at the same time you will have serious problems IDENTIFYING YOURSELF TO AMOS Page 5 4 Besides logging you into the system the LOG command can perform several other functions which we discuss below 5 3 1 Finding Out What Account You Are Logged into If you cannot remember which account you are logged in under type LOG and a RETURN LOG 2 Current login is DSK0 321 10 If you are not logged in you see the message Not logged in 5 3 2 Transferring to Another Account Once you are logged into the system you can trans
82. ated from the project number by a comma You will usually see PPNs enclosed within square Changed 15 October 1979 IDENTIFYING YOURSELF TO AMOS Page 5 2 brackets Here are a number of examples of project programmer numbers with the brackets 110 5 334 7 250 12 200 1 100 100 Both the project and the programmer number may range from O to 377 octal For a discussion of the octal numbering system see the manual Introduction to AMOS for now the fact that the numbers are octal just means that no digit may be greater than 7 A programmer number of zero usually indicates a Library account for that project e g the account 311 0 contains files of interest to all of the users in project 311 Project numbers 1 77 are reserved by Alpha Micro for system software and the AlphaAccounting business package Some of the special accounts set aside by Alpha Micro on your System Disk are 1 2 Reserved for System Operator 1 4 System Program Library 1 6 Device Driver Library 2 2 Command File Library 7 0 Miscellaneous System Library 7 1 Help File Library 7 2 Mailbox Data File Library 7 4 LISP Language Library 7 5 Pascal Language Library 7 6 BASIC Language Library 7 7 MACRO Language Library 5 2 PASSWORDS The System Operator may assign you an account password The password js for your protection if you maintain its secrecy other users cannot access the system by using your project programmer number to
83. ated using the Alpha Micro text editor VUE and the Alpha Micro text formatter TXTFMT db NOTE TO THE SYSTEM OPERATOR If you are to be the System Operator the person in charge of system management adding user accounts adding terminals to the system etc you MUST read the documents The System Initialization Command File and Setting Up the Line Printer Spooler in the System Operator s Information section of the AM 100 documentation packet before you try to use the system The information in this manual reflects AMOS versions 4 1 and later danes AMOS USER S GUIDE Page v PREFACE This manual is aimed at the general user of the system We do not assume that you have had any great prior experience with computers However we do assume that you are familiar with such common computer concepts as files known to IBM users as data sets disks jobs text editors and commands This manual contains very little theory or discussion of the inner workings of the operating systems instead it is a practical guide to system operation If you are interested in a broader system view than this manual provides e g discussions on files the operating system structure the programs available on the system organization of files on the disk jobs memory partitions etc refer to the manual Introduction to AMOS If you are new to computers you will probably want to read Introduction to AMOS before beginning to u
84. ay not specify more than one output file For example ERASE BAK TXT MAC is an illegal command 6 Cannot find DSKO SCNWLD SYS 1 4 or MEM SCNWLD SYS ALL wildcard file commands need SCNWLD SYS to be able to process wildcard filespecs check with your System Operator who will make sure that your system has a valid copy of SCNWLD SYS in account DSK0O 1 4 J 9 5 COPYING FILES COPY To transfer files from one account to another use the COPY command to make a copy of the original file in the new account You may also make a copy of a file within its own account if you assign a unique name to that copy No files within an account can have the same name THE WILDCARD FILE COMMANDS Page 9 29 Unless you are creating a file in your own account you may only transfer files between accounts whose PPNs have the same project number e g you may copy files between accounts 300 1 and 300 2 but not between 120 5 and 100 4 You may copy files into the account you are currently logged into from any account on the system COMMAND SYNTAX COPY foutfilespecd Linfilespeci infilespecN switcht swit cht gt COMMAND DEFAULTS The initial default infilespec is a filename and extension of x x and the current default account and device The initial default outfilespec is a filename and extension of and the current default account and device If the System Operator uses COPY from the System Operator s Account DSKO 1 2 the
85. b is running on the system at the time of the command The purpose of this message is to prevent you from accidentally copying a file to itself if you want to do so use the PACK switch and make sure that no other job is running on the system 3 No file oriented device corresponding to dev is mounted You specified a device but did not include a unit number After searching for all possible units of that device COPY failed to find a mounted unit matching your specification COPY AMS SCAN PRG y No file oriented device corresponding to AMS is mounted After you ve checked your spelling try mounting the disk you want to use If you still have no success check with the System Operator for help he or she will make sure that the device is a legal defined system device 4 Not copied Destination file already exists You tried to create a new file with the name belonging to an existing file while the NODELETE switch was in effect If you want to replace existing files with new copies do not use the NODELETE switch THE WILDCARD FILE COMMANDS 10 11 12 13 14 15 Page 9 36 Account does not exist p pnl You tried to access an account that does not exist COPY x BAS 230 11 Account does not exist 230 1 Check your typing if that looks OK try using DIR to see if the account does indeed exist Specification error Your command Line is not in proper format The symbol points to the c
86. below Finally replace the index CHANGE PAGE PACKET 1 FOR THE AMOS USER S GUIDE Page 2 3 0 LIST OF CHANG PAGES Below is a list of the change pages in this packet Remove the original pages listed below and replace them with the revised pages Note that we have marked all changed portions of the text with change bars vertical black Lines in the left margin on each page ALL change pages also bear the date of this change page packet Original Page Revised Pages Title page with Title page Page 5 1 5 2 with Page 5 1 5 2 Page 8 3 8 4 with Page 8 3 8 4 Page 8 11 8 12 with Page 8 11 8 12 Pages 9 39 through 9 44 with Pages 9 39 through 9 45 Pages 10 7 through 10 9 with Pages 10 7 through 10 9 Pages 11 1 through 11 6 with Pages 11 1 through 11 6 Page 12 3 12 4 with Page 12 3 12 4 Pages 13 1 through 13 4 with Pages 13 1 through 13 4 Appendix A with Appendix A Index with Index a AMOS USER S GUIDE Page iii IMPORTANT NOTICE There are some simple software installation procedures that must be followed to get AMOS up and running for the first time on your particular hardware DO NOT attempt to start up your system until a System Operator has done this necessary initialization of the system software NOTE Throughout this document we frequently refer to the manual Introduction to AMOS This manual is in the process of being written and we ask for your patience until we are able to print and distribute it This document was cre
87. characters that AMOS prints on your terminal display For example throughout this manual you will see that most examples begin with an underlined dot a the dot is the AMOS prompt symbol that it displays when it is ready for you to type a command The characters in the examples in this manual that YOU are supposed to type are not underlined A carriage return symbol The curly arrow indicates the place in your keyboard entry to type a RETURN Chit the RETURN key For example LOGOFF D tells you After an AMOS prompt type LOGOFF and a RETURN Indicates a control character As you enter characters from the keyboard directly to AMOS the system usually displays those characters on your terminal display if you type a Control C you see a on your terminal For a discussion of Control characters refer to Section 3 3 Control characters Page 1 3 AMOS USER S GUIDE PART I GETTING STARTED before we begin to discuss the major system commands you will want to Even how the get started using the system so that you can develop a feeling for system works Part I Getting Started is a practical how to do it guide to turning the system on and off logging into the system communicating with AMOS and specifying files We ll also walk through a quick brief demonstration of system use Unless you have the chance to put what you learn into practice reading manuals can be dry work So if you have the opportunity sit
88. command file LOGIN Q AMOS now reads its instructions from the file LOGIN CMD and performs the functions asked for If the extension of a command file is CMD or DO denoting a special kind of command file called a DO file you do not have to include the extension when entering the name of the command file otherwise you must specify the file extension That is if your command file is DOIT TXT you must include the TXT when specifying the file To create a command file use one of the text editor programs to make a text file usually with the CMD extension Fill the file with the commands you would ordinarily enter from the keyboard You may include comments within your file by preceding them with a semicolon z AMOS does not process the comments It does display comments on the terminal display as it processes the command file if a T symbol is at the front of the file It is a good idea to liberally comment your command files so that you remember exactly what functions the file performs dk IMPORTANT NOTE Although you may type commands in either upper or lower case when entering them directly from the keyboard the commands in your command file MUST be in upper case Comments or messages may be in either upper or lower case 0f special interest to the System Operator is a unique command file called the system initialization command file SYSTEM INI that the system uses every time you turn on or reset the computer This co
89. command line contains the argument NOFILE NOFILE is the label of the portion of the command file to which the GOTO command transfers control There are some conventions you must follow in setting up a GOTO its argument and the label that designates the portion of the command file to which you want to transfer l GOTOs must precede the labels they branch to That is GOTO statements may only transfer forward in the file NEW COMMAND FILE AND DO FILE FEATURES Page 9 2 An argument may not contain trailing spaces That is the end of an argument must be either a RETURN or a semicolon which identifies the start of a comment That means that if you include a Comment on the GOTO command line it must begin directly after the argument 3 The command file label may either be a comment that is begin with a semicolon or a valid executable command file element a If a label is a comment the argument in the GOTO command line that refers to the label must not begin with a semicolon See the sample command file above b If a label is not a comment it must be a valid command file element e g a program name a command file specification etc If the GOTO statement directs you to a label that is not a comment or a valid command file element the command file resumes execution after the label 4 You may begin a label with spaces a semicolon or spaces followed by a semicolon There may be no spaces between a semicolon and th
90. commands wildcard file commands In addition to their own functions several of these commands also allow you to perform the same functions as other system commands with the added benefit of sophisticated file specification wildcarding Refer to the sections in the documentation for each command that discuss the use of that command and ersatz and special devices for more information on these special functions We have already discussed the wildcard symbols and see Chapter 6 Identifying a File to AMOS A specification that contains a wildcard symbol can represent more than one file e g TXT may represent the files JAN TXT FEB TXT and MARCH TXT Wildcard file commands process the wildcard symbols and somewhat differently than do other commands and they have other wildcarding abilities that the other commands Lack As the system evolves in the future you will probably begin to see more commands reso Ta file specifications in the same Way as the current wildcard file commands THE WILDCARD FILE COMMANDS Page 9 2 Before discussing each of the commands in detail we d like to present a few of the basic rules that all wildcard file commands follow when processing a command line 9 1 1 Wildcard Symbols The wildcard file commands recognize the following wildcard symbols in file specifications see HINTS AND RESTRICTIONS below Matches any symbol or symbols in a filename extension or PPN e g GL TXT matches the fi
91. d file commands need the SCNWLD SYS program process wildcard symbols in filespecs Check with your System Operator who will make sure that a valid copy of SCNWLD SYS installed on your system in account DSKO 1 4 8 Missing output specification You must give an output specification so that RENAME knows what to use as the new names for your input files 9 CANNOT RENAME infilespec FILE ALREADY EXISTS No two files within an account can share the same name extension if you want RENAME to delete existing files when it sees a renaming conflict use the D switch ERASING FILES ERASE can erase files on the disk by using the ERASE command Because ERASE wildcard file command you can erase entire groups of files at a one wildcard file specification You may erase files from your own account or from accounts within your project COMMAND SYNTAX ERASE foutfilespec infilespeci infilespecN switch switch Y COMMAND DEFAULTS The initial outfilespec default is and the account and device you are currently logged into The initial infilespec default is the account and device you are currently logged into and a filename of The default extension 1s an empty extension The default switch is NOQUERY SPECIAL FUNCTIONS 9 4 1 Type then You can use the ERASE command to delete memory modules see Section 9 4 6 ERASE and Special and Ersatz Devices Erasing Files From Your Account ER
92. dcard PPNs THE WILDCARD FILE COMMANDS Page 9 3 WATCH LSPL 21 matches WATCH LSPL100 21 1 WATCH LSP 230 21 WLDCRD TXT 220 x matches WLDCRD TXTL220 4 WLDCRD TXTL220 57 SYSTM1 FD x1 5 matches SYSTM1 FD 1 51 SYSTM1 FD 301 5 2 If s appear at the beginning of a PPN project or programmer number that many or FEWER numbers will match For example PROJCT CMD 21 7 matches any files named PROJCT CMD in accounts whose project numbers end with 1 and are one two or three digits long and whose programmer numbers are one or two digits long If s appear at the end or in the middle of a PPN project or programmer number e g 170 277 EXACTLY that many numbers may match the symbols 9 1 2 Input File Specifications Input filespecs or infilespecs are file specifications that select the files on which you want a command to take action For example let s say that you want to erase several files ERASE DSKO MCSAM RUN DSK1 MCELI RUN O The filespecs DSKO MCSAM RUN and DSK1 MCELI RUN are the infilespecs in the command Line above When you use wildcard symbols in an infilespec you are asking one filespec to select a group of files Instead of the example above we might have said ERASE DSK MC RUN The command above selects all files whose names begin with MC that have an extension of RUN and which exist in the account you are currently logged into on ALL units of device DSK INFILESPEC DEVICE AND ACCOUNT DEFAULTS
93. down in front of the machine with this manual and try out the examples in Part I by the time you start learning about the system commands you ll already have a good feeling for how to use the system CHAPTER 2 TURNING THE SYSTEM ON AND OFF The usual computer system consists of the computer itself one or more terminals mass storage devices and a printer A terminal is the device you use for communicating with AMOS and it has a keyboard and a display of some kind If the terminal displays data on a video screen we call it a CRT terminal e g a SOROC terminal or a HAZELTINE If the terminal displays data by printing it on paper we call it a hard copy terminal e g a TELETYPE The mass storage devices can be one or more floppy disk drives or hard disk drives NOTE Check with your System Operator or refer to the instructions included with your hardware for information on turning on and off the terminals and disk drives This procedure varies between different brands of devices as does the procedure for changing disk cartridges and floppy disks Before you begin to use your system make sure that the System Operator has installed the system software so that it works with your system s specific hardware configuration Also ask the System Operator to assign you an account on the system that will be the account you will use from now on when Logging into the system and when creating files 2 1 TURNING ON THE SYSTEM Turn on whate
94. e symbol in the outfilespec of the example above COPY would have transferred the copies of all the files in the accounts in Project 100 over to the single account we are currently logged into 9 5 5 COPY and the System Operator The System Operator when logged into the System Operator s Account DSKO 1 2 has special privileges when using the COPY command 1 The System Operator may copy files from one account to another regardless of project number THE WILDCARD FILE COMMANDS Page 9 32 2 The outfilespec default for a COPY command used from DSK0 1 2 is a filename and extension of x x the device the System Operator is currently logged into and an account specification of J This allows the System Operator to backup groups of accounts from one device to another without having to worry about all the files being copied into DSKO 1 21 COPY DSK1 1 Y The command above tells COPY to copy files from all accounts on DSK1 over to the corresponding accounts on the device the System Operator is logged into 3 If the System Operator tries to copy files over to a nonexistent account COPY creates the account and then copies the files over The new account has the same password if any that belonged to the original source account regardless of whether the new account has the same PPN as the source account 9 5 6 Selecting COPY Options By including one or more of the following switches on the command line you can select s
95. e commands appear on the screen in quick succession 3 4 TYPING COMMANDS When you type an instruction to AMOS you are typing an AMOS command ALL valid AMOS commands either tell AMOS to perform some function for you e g show you what files are in your account erase certain files from the disk etc or they tell AMOS to bring in and execute a program that is independent from AMOS e g the command BASIC tells AMOS to bring in and execute the language processor BASIC It is important to recognize those programs that are independent from AMOS so that you remember with whom you COMMUNICATING WITH AMOS Page 3 5 are communicating For example the BASIC command PRINT 3 3 is valid while you are communicating with BASIC that is while you are inside BASIC but it is not a command that you can use when communicating directly with AMOS i e while at AMOS command level When in doubt remember that the AMOS prompt indicates that you are at AMOS command level In later sections we ll talk in great detail about the form of specific commands for now though here are some basics 1 ENTERING COMMANDS Although other programs on the system make a distinction between upper and lower case e g BASIC AMOS itself does not Therefore you may enter all commands in either upper or lower case or a combination of both For example you may enter the directory command as DIRA or as diR O You may also enter the names of fi
96. e even more advanced wildcarding abilities see Chapter 9 The Wildcard File Commands 6 3 FILE SPECIFICATION DEFAULTS Under certain conditions various portions of the system are smart enough to be able to fill in information that you have left out For example if you omit the device name and the PPN from a filespec many of the AMOS commands will assume that you are referring to a file that appears in the account and on the device that you are current Ly logged into Those commands fill in the default account and device specifications For example if you are Logged into account 100 53 on device DSK1 Most AMOS commands that read this filespec BIOPAK BAS search for the file on DSK1 in account 100 53 In the case above then the default device and PPN specifications are the account and device you are currently Logged into The defaults assumed by the system depend on what command you are using but we can make some generalizations 1 The default account specification is the PPN you are Logged in under 2 The default device name is the name of the device you are Logged into 3 The default device unit is zero e g the system assumes that AMS refers to AMSO NOTE These generalizations do not apply to ALL commands on the system the commands known as the wildcard file commands maintain their own set of defaults For example if you do not supply a device unit number to a wildcard file command that command perfo
97. e 9 34 COPY PACK TXTO VALLEY TXT to VALLEY TXT DEVICE TXT to DEVICE TXT RANDOM TXT to RANDOM TXT Total of 3 files transferred Now why would you want to copy a file over onto itself Copying files over onto themselves compresses those files on the disk that is it packs the area of the disk taken up by those files this uses the space on the disk more efficiently and allows you to have more contiguous records free on the disk The System Operator can pack the disk more thoroughly by logging into the System Operator s Account and entering 2COPY PACK J The System Operator may also use the DSKPAK command to pack contiguous files NOPACK OPTION The NOP switch turns off the P switch NOP is a file switch 9 5 7 COPY and Special and Ersatz Devices Using the ersatz and special devices you can perform a wide variety of system functions with COPY For example 2COPY TRM Cinfilespect infilespecN Y performs much the same function as the TYPE command but it allows you to specify more than one infilespec and to use wildcard symbols It sends a copy of the files selected to your terminal display COPY TRM BAS O sends a copy of all BASIC files in your account to your terminal display To display the contents of files on a particular terminal or printer other than your own terminal specify the name of the terminal after the TRM specification COPY TRM QUMESFILEA COPY MEM Cinfilespect infilespecN Y perform
98. e job does indeed exist Use the SYSTAT command to see what jobs are currently running on the system 2 Job specification error You did not supply a job name i e you typed SEND followed by a RETURN You must specify a job to whom the message may be sent 3 Busy SEND cannot send the message to the job you specified because that job is not in terminal input mode 4 Job has no terminal attached The job with which you wish to communicate has no terminal attached there is no device to receive your message 5 Guarded You are trying to send a message to a job that is protected from messages by the SET command s GUARD option see Section 12 2 The SET Command CHAPTER 13 DISK BACKUP PROCEDURES If there is one lesson learned early in the computer business it is this BACK UP YOUR DATA Backing up your programs and data by regularly copying them onto a spare disk is perhaps the most important habit you can develop Computers are generally very reliable machines but nobody can completely guard against the freak occurrence someone tripping over the power cord a cup of coffee down the disk drive power outages floods etc Your programs and data are irreplaceable so keep a current copy of them in a safe place Unless it has happened to you it s hard to imagine the frustration of losing several days of programming or data entry We will discuss specific backup techniques in a later section of this chapter For now let s
99. e manual titled AlphaBASIC User s Manual 4 8 ERASING A FILE FROM YOUR ACCOUNT To erase the files that you have created type ERASE the name of the file with extension and a RETURN ERASE DEMO FX1 D DEMO FX1 Total of 1 file deleted 2 disk blocks freed Many of the AMOS commands recognize the wildcard symbol A wildcard is a symbol that matches any characters Let s use a wildcard to erase all of the BASIC programs in the account ERASE BAS 2 UNBILL BAS WELCOM BAS Total of 2 files deleted 8 disk blocks freed The command above tells the ERASE command to erase from your account all files that have a BAS extension regardless of their names A QUICK DEMO OF SYSTEM USE Page 4 9 FOR MORE INFORMATION See this manual Section 9 4 Erasing Files ERASE 4 9 LOGGING OFF THE SYSTEM Now that you are done experimenting with the system sign off the system by using the LOGOFF command LOGOFF 2 User 200 5 logged off You are now off the system If you try to perform the commands you used above you see LOGIN PLEASEJ To get back on the system use the LOG command again CHAPTER 5 IDENTIFYING YOURSELF TO AMOS Once the system is turned on and you have familiarized yourself with your equipment you can begin to use the system First however you must identify yourself to AMOS as a user of the system this process of identification is called logging into the system Every user of the sy
100. e rest of the label These are ignored when GOTO compares an argument to the label it selects 5 Labels may be of any length as long as they fit on one line and must be the only thing on the line If GOTO cannot find the specified label the user of the command file sees Label not found and is returned to AMOS command level 4 2 The EXIT Command Whenever you create conditional branches within a command file you face the Problem of separating portions of the command file so that users not transferred to a labeled portion do not fall into that section of the command file as they proceed through the file The EXIT statement allows you to create one or more points in the file which cause the user to gracefully be returned to AMOS command level You may only use EXIT within a command file The sample command file above demonstrates the use of the EXIT statement As another example consider the DO file below which does different things with a file based on the extension of that file NEW COMMAND FILE AND DO FILE FEATURES Page 10 Command file that handles text files If file TXT file format it LOOKUP 0 TXT not TXT file GOTO NOTTXT TRACE ON TXTFMT 0 TXT TRACE OFF NOTTXT Is it LST file LOOKUP 0 LST not LST file GOTO NOTLST PRINT 0 LST EXIT Your file is formatted and the LST version is printed 3 NOTLST EXIT Couldn t find a TXT or LST file of that name 5 0 ADD
101. e to a particular printer type PRINT the name of the printer an equal sign and the name of the file PRINT QUME TEACHR BAS Y TEACHR BAS Total of 1 file 23 blocks in printer request See Section 9 6 3 below to see how to find out the names of the printers that have been defined on the system 9 6 2 PRINT and Wildcard Symbols You may use the standard wildcard file command filespec wildcards when specifying input files to the PRINT command For example PRINT BAS 2 RENWRT BAS RANDM BAS NUMGEN BAS Total of 3 files 127 blocks in printer request The command above prints all BASIC files in your account 9 6 3 Finding Out Information About the Printer Queues You may use the PRINT command to see what printers have been defined for use with the printer spooler and to find out information about the printer requests waiting in the queues Type PRINT followed by a RETURN aPRINT You see something Like this THE WILDCARD FILE COMMAND Page 9 39 HYTYPE Form NORMAL Total of 11 blocks LEASE LST Copies 2 Form NORMAL x 2 blocks remaining RENTER TXT Copies 1 Form NORMAL 9 blocks QUME The queue is empty The display above gives us information on the two printers named HYTYPE and QUME that have been set up by the System Operator for use with the spooler First we see information about the queue of the printer HYTYPE 1 HYTYPE the name of the printer 2 Form NORMAL the type of form mounted on the printer
102. ed the trace flag off you could simply omit the T from the command file NOTE When the trace flag is off you can still allow users to see program output and messages by use of the special S R and lt gt symbols however they will not see comments or command lines in the command file For example if the line ERASE BAK appears in the command file when the trace flag is off if no R precedes the command line the user of the file does not see the command line OR the information output by the ERASE program If a R precedes the command line and trace flag is off the user does not see the command line but does see the output produced by ERASE l 1 1 The TRACE Command The TRACE command allows you to turn the trace flag on or off at any point within the command file as many times as you wish You may also use TRACE to switch the current state of the trace flag regardless of whether it is on or off You may only use TRACE in a command file To use TRACE enter it in your command file in one of the following three formats TRACE ON Turns the command file trace flag ON Users see all of the contents of your command file including comments and all program command lines S and R are ignored when TRACE ON is in effect TRACE OFF Turns the command file trace flag OFF Users see only messages enclosed with the lt gt symbols If you include the R symbol users also see program output The S symbol turns off the R symbo
103. ed to access a device that the system does not recognize For example TYPE ASM1 FILE TXT o Cannot INIT ASM1 FILE TXT device does not exist COL INTL AS PILE TAL T device does not exist device error A hard disk error has occurred that is the system was not able to read data from a disk Try to perform the operation again If you still have no success check with the System Operator for help this message may indicate a hardware problem device full There is not enough room on the disk to complete the data transfer Start over again with another device or make room on the first device by erasing unnecessary files device in use Another user is using the non sharable device that you wish to access e g a paper tape punch Wait and try again Later device not mounted You have tried to access a valid system device but that device is not mounted Use the MOUNT command and try again device not ready You are trying to access a device that is not ready For example you will see this message if you try to mount a disk before that device is powered up and ready file already exists You ve tried to create a file that already exists For example if the file NEWCPY MAC already exists in your account and you try to rename another file to that name RENAME NEWCPY WRKFIL WRKFIL MAC to NEWCPY MAC Cannot RENAME WRKFIL MAC file already exists file already open Your assembly language program tried to open a
104. ences to the topic or to the manual Introduction to AMOS The following chapters group the commands by function and type If you are already familiar with the AMOS commands you will probably want to just skim these chapters and turn directly to the AMOS System Commands Reference Sheets for concise alphabetically ordered summaries of command operation Not every system command is covered by this manual Those commands that have manuals of their own e g BASIC VUE TXTFMT those commands of interest primarily to the assembly Language programmer and System Operator and those commands not of common interest to the general user of the system are discussed in the AMOS System Commands Reference Sheets and in other appropriate manuals CHAPTER 7 INTRODUCTION TO AMOS COMMANDS Before we get into specifics on the AMOS system commands we would like to provide a general overview on what an AMOS command is what form it takes and how AMOS responds when you enter a command Until now we have talked about the commands that you enter at the AMOS command level as if they were grouped into two categories 1 instructions that tell AMOS to run a program independent of itself e g the BASIC command tells AMOS to run the language processor program BASIC and 2 instructions that tell AMOS to perform system functions e g the DIR command tells AMOS to display a list of the files in your account It was convenient to make this distinction
105. er of the command file to AMOS command level LOOKUP Fspec where Fspec specifies the file you want to search for and the symbol tells LOOKUP not to abort command file execution if the file is not found If the file is found LOOKUP skips over the next line in the command file and resumes execution at the line past it If the file is not found LOOKUP continues execution at the next line after the LOOKUP command and displays the appropriate AMOS error message LOOKUP Fspec Msg where Fspec specifies the file you want to search for tells LOOKUP not to abort command file execution if the file is not found see the paragraph above and Msg is a message supplied by you If the file is found LOOKUP skips over the next line in the command file and resunes execution at the line past it If the file is not found LOOKUP resumes execution at the next line in the command file and displays the specified message If you include both the symbol and a message the message must follow the slash on the LOOKUP command line If you omit portions of the file specification LOOKUP assumes the device and account the user of the command file is logged into and a PRG extension The LOOKUP option becomes especially useful when you use the GOTO and EXIT statements to select certain portions of the command file to be executed as a result of the LOOKUP operation See Section 4 0 Transferring Control Within a Command File GOTO EXIT
106. ers that AMOS recognizes To type a Control Character hold down the CONTROL key while you type the appropriate letter For example to type a Control C hold down the CONTROL key while you type a C CONTROL CHARACTERS Control C The Control C is the system interrupt command Use it to interrupt whatever program is in progress and return to the AMOS command level After typing a Control C to interrupt a program you cannot resume execution of that program you must start it over from the beginning You may usually interrupt programs even when they are displaying data For example if you ask the DIR command for a List of all the files in your account you may interrupt it by typing a Control C while it is Listing your account directory Some programs such as VUE and BASIC do not recognize a Control C as an exit command instead you must use the exit command for that particular program if you want to return to AMOS command level Other programs do recognize Control Cs but if an exit command exists for a program it is usually a good idea to use that command to leave the program instead of typing a Control C Several programs perform various cleanup functions when you COMMUNICATING WITH AMOS Page 3 4 use their exit commands if you circumvent their procedures for an orderly exit by using a Control C the programs do not have a chance to perform those steps Control U While at AMOS command Level you may erase the characters fr
107. es copying them erasing them creating them etc For a discussion of files see the manual Introduction to AMOS To be able to perform these procedures you must be able to identify to AMOS those files with which you want to work we call such an identification a file specification or filespec 6 1 FILE SPECIFICATIONS A full filespec consists of several elements 1 a device name identifying where the file is to be found usually a disk of some type 2 a filename the name of the file 3 an extension a zero to three letter code that identifies the file type and 4 a PPN identifying the account in which the file is to be found A typical filespec might Look something Like this AMS0 INFO TXT 234 12 This tells us that the file named INFO is to be found in account 234 12 on unit number zero of a floppyrdisk drive that uses AMS format floppies We also know that the file is a text file because it has the TXT extension 6 1 1 Device Name Usually when we talk about a device we re talking about a data storage device on which the system maintains your files In almost all cases such a device will be a disk although you can use special units such as your terminal memory etc as devices see below Section 6 1 1 1 Special Devices A device name tells AMOS where to find your file The device name identifies the Logical unit on which a file may be found The reason we talk about Logical units instead of just the
108. es to all filespecs For example the command below asks for confirmation before it erases each of the files selected by the filespecs ERASE Q TYPSET MAC TYPSET OBJ x SYM 2 If a FILE SWITCH appears directly after an infilespec then it applies only to the files selected by that specification ERASE WLDCRD TXT LST Q DATA MAC only asks for confirmation before erasing files that match the specification LST Refer to the documentation for the specific command you are using to see if a switch is an OPERATION or a FILE SWITCH To set the default switch for a command line place the new default switch in front of a filespec that switch will become the default for the command line until you reset the default by placing another switch in front of a filespec Placing a switch at the end of a filespec DOES NOT reset the default switch For example the ERASE command does not initially ask for confirmation of erasures that is the default switch is NOQUERY The command below begins with a default switch of NOQUERY resets the default switch to QUERY and then sets it back again to NOQUERY ERASE REDWNG DAT BLKBRD QUERY BLUBRD ROBIN Xx NOQUERY CANARY RT GNAT O THE WILDCARD FILE COMMANDS Page 9 7 9 1 5 Ersatz Devices Wildcard file commands recognize both the standard system storage devices e g DSKO and AMS1 and the system special devices TRM and MEM Check with your System Operator if you are unable t
109. ever bear in mind that in general the more memory available the faster the sort You may only sort sequential files SORT does not understand wildcard symbols in Filespecs If the file that you are sorting is too large to fit into memory all at one time that is if SORT is unable to perform the entire sort in memory SORT performs the sort on the disk IF THE SORT IS PERFORMED ON THE DISK The condition of the disk on which you are performing the sort affects SORT s speed A disk that has been used a great deal has much of its free space distributed randomly across the disk surface this slows down the sort If you use a freshly initialized disk the temporary sort files tend to be allocated contiguously which speeds up the sorting process somewhat The System Operator can initialize a disk for you WARNING Initializing a disk removes all data on that disk If you are sorting files on floppy disks you will find that sorts are faster if performed on AMS format floppy disks rather than IBM standard format disks You must make sure that each record is greater in length than the key sizes you specify otherwise you will end up with a null file 10 3 3 Example Below is a small unordered data file Hinchey Edsel 7701 Wanda Dr Santa Ana CA Dion F 27819 Glen Anne Anaheim CA Kinslayer E 5678 Calle Rio Tucson AZ Clayton Alfred 8523 Delta Rd Orange CA Vine Irv 243 Princeton Lowell MA Swenson John 120 Halstead Chicago IL
110. everal COPY options QUERY or Q Requests confirmation to transfer NOQUERY or NOQ Does not ask for confirmation for transfers DELETE or D Copies to existing files NODELETE or NOD Does not copy to existing files PACK or P Allows user to copy file over to itself NOPACK or NOP Prevents user from copying file over to itself You may place more than one switch on a command Line if you precede each switch with a slash COPY NODELETE QUERY BAS 100 21 Q QUERY OPTION The Q switch tells COPY to ask for confirmation before transferring each file copy Until you get used to using COPY it might be a good idea to always include the Q switch after the COPY command on the COPY command line Nad THE WILDCARD FILE COMMANDS Page 9 33 COPY A CRIDX 200 1J CUSTMR Y CUSTMR BAK to CRIDX BAKE200 1J2N Y CUSTMR BAS to CRIDX BASLCUU 112 2 CUSTMR RUN to CRIDX RUNE200 13 Y2 CUSTMR TXT to CRIDX TXTL200 1 Y Total of 3 files transferred Respond to each question mark with a Y for Yes or an N for No and do NOT type a RETURN after your answer The Q switch is a file switch if you place it before a filespec e g COPY TXT CALNDR TXF Q LST TNX it becomes the default switch for the rest of the command line If you place the switch directly after a filespec e g COPY BAS BAS1 Q BAS2 it affects only the files selected by that filespec NOQUERY OPTION The NOQ switch turns off the Q switch For example
111. f 3 files in 38 blocks PAGE PRG 14 pSK1 200 53 PAGE MAC 20 HEADR MAC 7 Total of 3 files in 41 blocks SIAT TXT 57 DSK1 200 10 TXT 2 INIT Total of 2 files in 59 blocks Grand total of 8 files in 138 disk blocks You can also use wildcard symbols in the PPN specification e g DIR 4 10 or DIR 100 J to select all accounts with the same project or programmer number To see directory Listings for a specific account located on all mounted disks use the wildcard device symbol ALL e g DIR ALL C300 1 or use a wildcarded unit specification e g DIR DSK 101 2 to select DSKO 101 2 0SK1 101 2 and DSK2 101 2J 9 2 3 1 Using DIR to Find Specific Files You will find that DIR is very useful for Locating files that is finding out what account a specific file belongs to and for displaying a directory listing of only certain files in an account Until now we ve given DIR only the portions of file specifications that identify accounts and have thus asked DIR for a directory listing of ALL of the files in the accounts we have specified By including filenames and extensions you can instruct DIR to List ONLY certain files in the directory display For example 1f the BASIC program APSBR BAS exists in your account you may ask for a directory display that lists only that file DIR APSBR BAS Y APSBR BAS 23 AMS1 156 31 Total of 1 file in 23 blocks This may not seem very useful in itself until you consider the u
112. f the files specified by the infilespecs You MUST specify an outfilespec APPEND ASMBLR MAC PARSE MAC SCAN MAC TABLE MAC CNVRT MAC Y The example above creates a new file named ASMBLR MAC that contains the contents of the files PARSE MAC SCAN MAC TABLE MAC and CNVRT MAC Cin that order APPEND does not change the contents of any of the input files and does not delete them from the disk If you want the new file to have the same name as one of the input files your outfilespec may have the same name as one of the infilespecs and APPEND will delete that infilespec when the file concatenation is finished gAPPEND CTALOG BAS CTALOG BAS INVOIC BAS Y MORE FILE COMMANDS Page 10 4 The example above adds the contents of INVOIC BAS onto the end of the file CTALOG BAS 10 2 1 APPEND Error Messages Below are some common error messages that you may see when using APPEND If you encounter an error not discussed below refer to Appendix A AMOS System Error Messages 1 CANNOT OPEN filespec FILE NOT FOUND You ve specified a file that the system cannot find Check your spelling and retype If you still have no luck use the DIR command DIR ALi J filespec to try and find the account and device in which the file resides 2 CANNOT INIT devn DEVICE DOES NOT EXIST Check the spelling of your device specifications the system doesn t recognize the device you ve specified If your spelling looks OK check with the System Opera
113. fer to another account by using the LOG command with the PPN of the account to which you wish to tranfer L0G AMS1 100 310 Password Transferred from DSK0O 321 10 to AMS1 100 3 5 3 3 LOG and the Ersatz Devices Aside from the usual kinds of devices e g DSK1 AMS1 etc the LOG command also recognizes another type of device called an ersatz device The ersatz devices provide a shorthand way of specifying accounts that you use frequently The ersatz devices that LOG understands are SYS specifies DSKO 1 4 System Program Library DVR s DSKO 1 6 Device Driver Library CMD pi DSK0O 2 2 Command File Library HLP pSsKO 7 1 Help File Library BOX Pali DSKO 7 2 Mailbox Data File Library LSP m DSKO 7 4 LISP Language Library PAS fi DSKO 7 5 Pascal Language Library BAS DSKO 7 6 BASIC Language Library MAC n DSKO 7 7 MACRO Language Library Ka log into one of the accounts above enter LOG and the appropriate ersatz evice IDENTIFYING YOURSELF TO AMOS Page 5 5 LOG SYS 2 User logged into DSKO 1 4 LOG and several special commands see Chapter 9 The Wildcard File Commands are the only commands that recognize the ersatz devices 5 3 4 The START Command File Whenever you log into an account LOG looks for a file in that account named START CMD If such a file is found the system assumes that it is a command file and begins executing it as such This allows you to perform certain proced
114. file that is already open Check your program to see if you are opening the file twice Changed 15 October 1979 AMGS SYSTEM ERROR MESSAGES Page A 3 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 file not found AMOS cannot find the file you ve specified For example TYPE LABDAT Cannot OPEN DSKO LABDAT LST file not found A OFEN DsRU LABDA LOT Tile not found Check your spelling and make sure that you ve specified the correct device and account file not open Your assembly Language program has tried to access a file that is not open for input Check your program to see if you are accessing the correct file file type mismatch You ve tried to use a program designed for sequential files on a random file or vice versa For example the TYPE program works only on sequential files if you try to use it on a random file you see TYPE PRTIDX DAT Cannot OPEN DSKO PRTIDX DAT file type mismatch illegal block number Your program has tried to access a disk block that doesn t exist or that is beyond the range of the file you are using illegal user code You ve tried to access a user account that does not exist For example if there is no account 100 2 on DSK1 TYPE DSK1 MYFILE TXTE100 2 p Cannot OPEN DSK1 MYFILE TXTE100 21 illegal user code a ELI OS CUE insufficient free core There is not enough room in memory to complete the operation you are attempting Make sure that no unnecess
115. for an example of conditional branching within a command file As an example of the use of the LOOKUP command let s create a DO file that installs a BASIC program into an account The user of the DO file provides the name of the program to install as an argument when he or she invokes the DO file This argument gets substituted into the DO file for the 0 symbol which is a special DO file parameter symbol NEW COMMAND FILE AND DO FILE FEATURES Page 5 Command file to install 0 BAS from project library account into the account user is logged into i LOOKUP 0 BAS 300 0 That BASIC program doesn t exist Try again COPY 300 0 0 BAS d TRACE ON COMPIL 0 BAS RUN 0 RUN If the user of the DO file doesn t specify an argument or gives an incorrect file specification the LOOKUP command above catches it and ends command file execution NOTE The command file above provides a good example of why you often need to check to see if a proper file specification has been given If the example above did not use the LOOKUP command and if the user of the command file supplied no argument at all thus causing a space to be substituted for the 0 symbol the COPY command would copy ALL BAS files from 300 0 over to the account the user is logged into 3 0 TEMPORARILY INTERRUPTING COMMAND FILE EXECUTION PAUSE CONT It would often be convenient to temporarily exit a command file perform various cleanup or housekeeping functions a
116. from the disk into memory so that you can work on that text file Since there is not as yet a file named MYFILE TXT VUE instead asks you AlphaVue Version 2 0 MYFILE TXT DOES NOT EXIST CREATE IT Answer yes by typing a Y and a RETURN Now the screen clears and you are in VUE editing mode You are no longer talking directly to the operating system instead you are communicating with the text editing program VUE The commands you give to VUE are not the same kinds of commands that you can give to AMOS You see a screenful of asterisks which indicates an empty text file To place text into the file just start typing When you reach the end of the screen line or when you want to start a new line hit the RETURN key Type a few lines of text anything at all comments on the weather an office memo whatever you like 4 2 1 Erasing Characters To back up in the file and change things you must move the cursor back to the point in your text that you want to change Pick a word several Lines back we re going to erase it If you have a terminal with cursor control keys four keys Labeled with arrows you may be able to use them to move the cursor around on the screen However some terminals with cursor control keys transmit the wrong information to VUE Experiment and see Try moving the cursor by hitting the key labeled with an uprarrow 1f your terminal does not have cursor control keys or they are not active type a Control H
117. ible you should have several spare disks that you can use as backup disks You should never have just one backup disk what happens if something should really go wrong while you are in the process of backing up and you Lose both your backup and original disks The usual procedure is to follow the grandfather father son philosophy of disk backup That is you always have several backups of varying age The next time you back up use the disk with the oldest version of your data the grandfather disk By rotating your backup disks you can ensure that you always have several fairly recent backups of your data 13 1 BACKING UP THE FILES IN YOUR ACCOUNT USING COPY You can use the COPY command to make backup copies of all the files in your account all of your accounts and even of all accounts on the disk The first step to take is to use the SET command to tell AMOS to verify every write operation SET VERIFY O After you ve told AMOS to SET VERIFY every time it writes data to the disk AMOS compares the data to the corresponding data in memory to make sure that they are the same Use the SET command to tell AMOS to notify you of any soft disk errors encountered during the backup procedure SET DSKERR J Now decide what files you want to back up For example let s say that you are logged into DSK0 300 4 and want to copy all files in that account to the same account on DSK1 COPY DSK1 TRMINV BAS to DSK1 CRMINV BAS RE
118. ible way and for a greater range of applications CURRENT DEVICE SYMBOL Represents the device user of the DO file is currently logged into example if the user of your DO file is logged that into the For an account on DSKO at the time that he or she uses your DO file the line in the DO file LOG 1 4 is transformed into LOG DSKO 1 4 You can use this symbol in combination with the Current PPN Symbol below to keep track of the current account and device of the user of your DO file the DO file can log the user into another account to perform special functions and then return him to his own account and device SP CURRENT PPN SYMBOL Represents the account that the user of the DO file is currently logged into For example if the user of your DO file is logged into account 230 51 the DO file statement DIR DSKO P is transformed into DIR DSKO 230 51 NULL PARAMETER SYMBOL A single indicates a null parameter in a default parameter list or a null argument in an argument list This symbol allows you to designate which parameter will be associated with which argument Take a look at the example below for an of how to use the symbol idea 0 DEFAULT PARAMETER LIST If you specify fewer items in the argument list than there are parameter symbols in the DO file AMOS usually ignores the extra parameter symbols You can however supply a default argument
119. ile before renaming a file use the D switch The D switch is a file switch it can affect either ALL infilespecs or only specific infilespecs depending on where you place it on the command line NODELETE OPTION The NODELETE switch turns off the DELETE switch NOD is a file switch 9 3 5 RENAME and Special and Ersatz Devices You may rename memory modules copies of disk files that have been Loaded into your area of memory by specifying the MEM device sRENAME UNBILL MEM CUSID Q MEM CUSID PRG TO UNBILL PRG Total T file renamed The example above changes the name of the module CUSID PRG in your memory area to UNBILL PRG RENAME also understands the ersatz devices Ea THE WILDCARD FILE COMMANDS Page 9 23 RENAME INQUIR BAS WRKFIL Y DSKO WRKFIL TXT 7 63 TO INQUIR TX Total of 1 file renamed The example above tells RENAME to rename the file WRKFIL in the BASIC Program Library DSKO0 7 6 In the example above you must be logged into an account in Project 7 to avoid a Protection Violation error 9 3 6 RENAME Error Messages Below are some common error messages you are likely to see when you use RENAME Refer to Appendix A AMOS System Error Messages if you encounter an error not discussed here 1 No files renamed Because of one reason or another RENAME was not able to rename any files Perhaps it wasn t able to find any files that matched your wildcard filespecs Make sure that you entered the filespec
120. ilespec 120 34 0FFICE BAS Now DIR searches in that account for any of the files on the rest of the command line for which we have omitted a PPN in this case LAWDOC TXT You can reset the rd default to ALL accounts by using the wildcard PPN symbol EJ 3 If an infilespec does not specify a PPN project or programmer number e g 12 300 1 the wildcard file commands use the current default project or programmer number This example ERASE 12 34JMTST MAC MTST OBJ 35 110 2JTNK BAS TNK R2 51Q evaluates to ERASE MTST MAC 12 34 MTST 0BJ 12 35 TNK BAS 110 2 TNK R2 110 512 That is since we have omitted the project number for MTST OBJ and TNK R2 the ERASE command substitutes in the current default project number at those places in the command Line 4 The wildcard file commands all have one or more switches that you can use to select command options For example when you use the QUERY switch with the ERASE command e g sERASE QUERY TXT that command asks you to confirm its action before it erases each file See Section 9 1 4 Command Switches for information on switches and on setting the default switch for a command Line 9 1 3 Output File Specifications Several of the wildcard file commands require that you supply an output file specification an outfilespec as well as one or more infilespecs While an infilespec specifies a file on which a command is to act an outfilespec gives information to the command on HO
121. in letters and numbers e g FILE 2 is NOT a valid filename 6 1 3 Extension Following the filename and separated from it by a dot is the zero to three character extension The purpose of the extension is to identify the type of file with which you are dealing For example a file with a BAS extension is a BASIC program The extension may be any letters or numbers that you want to assign to a file but usually the extension is one of several extensions that AMOS recognizes AVRAGE BAS A BASIC source program produced by saving a program created inside BASIC or by using one of the system text editors VUE or EDIT AVRAGE RUN A compiled BASIC program created by using the system command COMPIL on the source program e g COMPIL AVRAGE BAS or by saving the progran while within BASIC e g SAVE AVRAGE RUN CHANGE SBR A BASIC subroutine an assembly language program that can be called by a BASIC program to perform commonly needed functions CUSTNM DAT A data file that is a text file created by a BASIC program that contains data that other BASIC programs can access e g a list of customer names IDENTIFYING FILES TO AMOS Page 674 WORDS TXT A text file created by using the system text editors EDIT or VUE WORDS BAK A backup text file created when you use EDIT or VUE so that you always have on hand an earlier version of the text file you are currently working on in case of problems during your current editing sess
122. inter request The example above prints all text files in the BASIC Language Library account DSKO 7 6 9 6 7 PRINT Error Messages Below are some of the common error messages you may see when using PRINT Refer to Appendix A AMOS System Error Messages if you encounter a message not discussed below 1 No files in printer request PRINT was not able to find the files you specified Check your spelling again and make sure that you included the proper account and device specifications 2 Specification error PRINT did not understand the format of your command Line The symbol points to the item on the Line that confused PRINT 3 More than one printer specified that You may not include more than one printerspec Make sure the equal sign in your command Line was in the proper place PRINT LPT1 0LDFIL TXT OLDFIL TXT More than one printer specified 4 Device or P PN specifications on output are illegal to file PRINT thought that you were trying include specification elements in your printer specification Make sure that you did not accidentally enter an equal sign as part of a file specification 5 0utput printer not found PRINT was not able to find the printer you specified Check with the System Operator for a list of the names of the printers set up for use with the spooler or use the PRINT command followed by a RETURN to see information about the printers whose queues contain print requests 6 Invalid
123. ion WORDS LST A text file created by using TXTFMT to format a TXT file by using DIR to create a file containing a directory listing or by using MACRO to generate a Listing of an assembly Language program SYSTEM HLP A text file that contains information about the system i e a HELP file Type HELP and a RETURN to see the List of files that you can ask for ERASBK CMD A command file is a text file that contains system commands You can invoke all of the commands in the command file by simply typing the name of the file DIRFIX DO A DO file is a special kind of command file that allows you to specify text items to be substituted for parameter symbols in the DO file DEBUG MAC An assembly language source program created by using one of the system text editors DEBUG OBJ An assembly language object program created by using the system Macrorassembler MACRO on a MAC programe DEBUG PRG An assembled program produced by using the Linkage editor LINK on an 0BJ file to create a machine language program DEBUG SYM A file that contains the symbol table for a PRG file created by using the program SYMBOL on a 0BJ file OPTIMZ LSP A program written in LISP TOPDWN PAS A program written in Pascal Remember you can assign any extension to a file even a null extension e g FILEA the extensions above are often assigned to files by various programs on the system and are the extensions that many programs use as defaults
124. istakes in that Line if you have not yet typed a RETURN Use the RUB key to erase single characters or type a Control U to erase the entire current line See the paragraphs above for an explanation of the RUB key and Control U A Control C tells AMOS to ignore the current Line If you hit RETURN before correcting your mistake and the command you entered was not a valid AMOS command AMOS tells you that it did not recognize the command PRIMT D PRIMT 2 You meant to say PRINT After letting you know that it does not understand PRIMT AMOS displays its prompt symbol You are now free to try again 3 5 THE HELP COMMAND The purpose of the HELP command is to give information about the system and the system commands to the user new to AMOS You do not have to be logged into the system to use HELP To find out what topics the HELP command knows about type HELP followed by a RETURN HELP 2 The screen clears and you see something like this Help is available for APPEND BAUD COPY DEL ERASE LOAD ERAGE LOAD To see information about one of the topics listed type HELP followed by the name of the topic HELP COPY 2 COMMUNICATING WITH AMOS Page 3 7 The screen clears and the terminal displays information on that topic If you ask for information on a topic that HELP doesn t know about you see I m sorry 1 can t help you Help is available for APPEND BAUD COPY DEL ERASE LOAD You may create your own HELP topics by using one of the
125. itches are FSBHMU Changed 15 October 1979 MEMORY COMMANDS Page 11 3 11 2 1 Finding Out What Modules Are in Your Memory Partition Type MAP followed by a RETURN MAP O You see a list of the memory modules currently in your memory partition with the following information on each line 1 module name 2 extension 3 size in bytes in decimal 4 octal base address the memory address where the module begins and 5 hashmark see Section 9 2 6 Selecting DIR Options for a discussion of hashmarks The last line of the display tells you how many bytes are free in your memory partition and gives the octal memory address of the first available memory Location in the memory partition SYSTAT PRG 566 033722 167 536 542 221 LMG PRG 1016 035022 512 123 435 601 QDT PRG 330 037024 435 713 462 175 FREE 48416 040736 We can tell from the example above that the SYSTAT module is a copy of an assembly language program a PRG file is 566 bytes in length and begins at the memory address 033722 The module s hashmark is 167 536 542 221 The hashmark of a memory module is identical to the hashmark of the disk file version of that module that fact gives you the ability to compare modules and files making sure that the proper version has been Loaded into memory The last line of the display tells us that we have 48 416 bytes free in our memory partition and that the first free memory Location is 040736 i 11 2 2 Displaying Information
126. ithin a command file When PAUSE interrupts execution of a command file it saves the elements of the command file past the PAUSE command line ina special disk file named CNT CMD This file appears in the device and account the user of the command file is logged into When you use the CONT command it loads into your memory partition the CNT CMD file that is in your account and resumes executing that command file This means of course that to resume execution of a PAUSE d command file the user of the file must be logged into the device and account where the command file was originally interrupted The CNT CMD file always contains the most current command file that has been PAUSE d in that account For example if you use a command file that is interrupted because of a PAUSE command the rest of that file is stored as CNT CMD in your account _If after performing various commands you do not use a CONT command before invoking another command file that also uses PAUSE to interrupt execution the contents of CNT CMD the first command file are replaced by the contents of the second command file If you use the CONT command now you resume execution of the second command file not the first When a second PAUSE causes the current contents of CNT CMD to be written over because a CONT has not been used to resume execution of the previous command file you see the following message Supersedes existing file No harm is done if you do not resume
127. l NOTE S and R work with TRACE OFF as if no TRACE or no T were in the command file TRACE SWITCH Switches the current status of the command file trace flag If the flag is OFF this command turns it ON and vice versa NEW COMMAND FILE AND DO FILE FEATURES Page 3 If you do not include an argument on the TRACE command line AMOS ignores the command As an example of the use of the TRACE command let s create a command file that does disk backup Command file to backup HAWK System Disk onto another disk TRACE OFF LOG DSK0 1 2 l lt Make sure nobody else is running on DSKO or your backup disk gt ERASE BAK DIRSEQ TRACE ON DSKCPY DSKO DSK1 lt All done Remove cartridge and label it gt The TRACE OFF makes sure that the user won t have to see the cleanup functions we perform The user still sees those messages bracketed by the lt gt symbols The TRACE ON ensures that the user will see that we are running the DSKCPY program 2 0 LOOKING UP FILES FROM WITHIN A COMMAND FILE LOOKUP There are many occasions when a command line in a command file causes AMOS to search for a file If AMOS fails to find the specified file execution of the command file does not abort but continues even though the necessary file was not found Sometimes this can be a severe inconvenience if several subsequent command lines assume that the nonexistent file exists 2 1 The LOOKUP Command The LOOKUP command allow
128. le see the AMOS System Commands Reference Sheets 10 1 DISPLAYING THE CONTENTS OF A FILE TYPE To display a copy of a text file on your terminal display use the TYPE command If you want to display specific disk records or display the contents of a file as both ASCII characters and as octal or hexadecimal data refer to the documentation on the DUMP command in the AMOS System Commands Reference Sheets We assume that the file you want to see is an ASCII text file NOTE ASCII is the name of the numerical code which the computer uses to represent text symbols ALL files on the system are ASCII files except for RUN OBJ PRG and SBR files For information on ASCII code and the form in which the computer represents and stores data see the manual Introduction to AMOS COMMAND SYNTAX TYPE filespec y COMMAND DEFAULTS The TYPE command assumes an extension of LST and the account and device you are currently logged into To use TYPE enter the word TYPE followed by the filespec of the file you want to see then hit RETURN TYPE PSTCRM TXT 2 If the extension of your file is LST you do not need to include the extension in your filespec TYPE does not understand the wildcard symbols and MORE FILE COMMANDS Page 1U 2 10 1 1 Hints and Restrictions If the file display covers more than one screen page use Control rs to freeze the screen display and a Control Q to release it TYPE works only on sequential files
129. les GLDGR TXT GL2 TXT and GLOW1 TXT because it selects all TXT files whose names begin with GL Matches any one symbol in a filename extension or PPN Ce g PAY LL FNX matches PAYRLL FNX PAY2LL FNX and PAYTLL FNX because it selects all files whose names begin with the three Letters PAY and that have the fifth and sixth letters LL ALL Matches any file structured mounted device 8 92 ALL PRESR BAS matches the files DSKU PRESR BAS AMS1 PRESR BAS and STD1 PRESR BAS dev Matches any unit of a file structured mounted device If you omit the unit number from a device specification wildcard file commands Look for the specified files on all logical units of that device J Matches any PPN e ge WRK1 BAS matches the files WRK1 BAS 23 4 WRK1 BAS 110 4 and wRK1 BAS 100 3 Equivalent to x Throughout this chapter we ll be showing examples of the use of these wildcard symbols in the discussions of the specific wildcard file commands HINTS AND RESTRICTIONS In addition to the restrictions mentioned in Section 6 2 Wildcard Symbols there are some minor restrictions on the use of the above wildcard symbols 1 When you use the symbol in a PPN you may either use the symbol to represent the entire project or programmer number Cesga L 21 100 xJ or you may follow the symbol with one or more numbers e g 20 34 150 x51 You may NOT place numbers before the symbol e g 34x 5J Examples of wil
130. les as upper or lower case or a combination of both NOTE After you type them AMOS converts all filenames and command names to upper case Remember that other entities on the system for example BASIC do not accept Lower case filenames 2 COMMAND LENGTH ALL AMOS commands and filenames are six characters or fewer 3 COMMAND LINE Some commands require that you specify files arguments or other parameters This group of characters that consists of the command itself and the additional information you supply with it is called the command line For example the entire line below is a RENAME command Line RENAME VAL BASS EVAL BAS 9 4 ENDING A COMMAND LINE When you are at AMOS command Level you must ALWAYS hit RETURN after typing a complete command Line this Lets AMOS know that you are finished with the line AMOS ignores any command Line that does not end with a RETURN NOTE Although you will usually use the RETURN key you may also end a command line by typing a Line Feed COMMUNICATING WITH AMOS Page 3 6 5 COMMENTS Any Line at AMOS command level that begins with a semicolon 7 is a comment Line and is ignored by AMOS You may also append a comment to the end of a command Line DIR 100 Display directories for Project 100 This feature will be of more use to you when you begin to build command files 6 TYPING MISTAKES If you make a mistake while typing a command line you may always correct any m
131. less of project numbers 9 4 3 ERASE and Wildcard Symbols By using wildcard symbols you can select a group of files to be erased ERASE BAK 2 OEITEM BAK WINGS BAK BRYCE BAK CANCEL BAK Total of 4 files deleted 23 disk blocks freed THE WILDCARD FILE COMMANDS Page 9 26 Remember that you can use wildcard PPN and device symbols ERASE DSK 200 JAx TXT Q AUINTR TXT 200 3 APRIL TXT DSK1 APPA TXT 200 6 DSK1 APPB TXT 200 6 DSK2 AUINTR TXTE200 61 Total of 5 files deleted 33 disk blocks freed The example above erases every TXT file whose name begins with A which exists in an account in Project 200 on all units of device DSK 9 4 4 Using an Outfilespec ERASE offers a unique feature that allows you to further select among the input files specified by the infilespecs When you use an outfilespec you tell ERASE For all the files selected by the infilespecs if a corresponding file selected by the outfilespec ALSO exists erase the output file For example ERASE BAK MAC J EIGHT BAK HEADER BAK RELEAS BAK Total of 3 files deleted 123 disk blocks freed tells ERASE Erase all BAK files in my account if a MAC file of the same name also exists in the account ERASE TXTC110 6 9 MPROD TXT UNIV TXT SOL TXT Total of 3 files deleted 54 disk blocks freed Because the outfilespec default is the device and account you are currently logged into and a filename and extension of x x the comm
132. major system programs in just a few minutes PART II THE AMOS SYSTEM COMMANDS Part II is meant to be much more of a reference guide than is Part I this section contains comprehensive discussions of many of the major system commands along with information on command files DO files and disk backup procedures 1 2 CONVENTIONS USED IN THIS MANUAL To make our examples concise and easy to understand we ve adopted a number of graphics conventions throughout our manuals PPN A Project programmer number that is the number that identifies a user s account e g 100 2J Also shown as p pn devn Specifies a physical device type and a logical unit of that device Such devices are almost always disks For example in a two drive floppy disk system the device DSKO indicates the first drive of that physical device INTRODUCTION TO THE MANUAL filespec default 7 A file specification A filespec identifies a file and usual ly has these four elements devn filename extensionfp pni Information assumed by the system when you omit necessary information For example if you do not specify the account in which a file is located the system usually looks for the file in your own account in this case the default is your own account Optional element of a command line For example DIR d switch O tells you that the element switch is an optional element on the DIR command Line Underlined characters indicate those
133. mmand file has special properties and commands that help AMOS to tailor the system software for your particular hardware system The System Operator can find information on the SYSTEM INI jn the section titled System Operator s Information in the AM 100 documentation packet 8 1 THE CONTENTS OF A COMMAND FILE A command file can contain any commands or data that you might enter from the keyboard the file can even contain the name of another command file AMOS continues to read lines of text from the command file until the end of the file You may run and exit programs supply data to programs or perform system functions all under the control of a single command file COMMAND FILES AND DO FILES Page 8 3 As an example let s say that you have a BASIC program that you want to edit compile and then test Suppose that you also want to delete the backup file created by the editor You might want to create a small command file to perform these functions T VUE AVRAGE BAS COMPIL AVRAGE RUN AVRAGE 3 12 7 ERASE BAK The first Line of the command file T ensures that you see the lines of text in the command file as AMOS processes them The next Line VUE AVRAGE BAS invokes the text editor VUE and tells VUE that you want to edit the BASIC source program named AVRAGE After you make some changes to the program you Leave VUE by using the VUE exit command Now AMOS again begins to read its instructions from your command file You
134. mo KAKA 7 UB ab WWW 3 aw 8 9 8 11 8 11 8 12 AMOS USER S GUIDE Page ix 9 1 3 Output File SpecificationS oonnnona 9 1 4 Command Switches uanonnonanenonnano 9 1 5 Ersatz DEVICES aoanooanacanonaconasanasa 9 2 FINDING OUT WHAT FILES ARE ON THE DISK DIR A A 2 9 2 1 Finding Out What Files Are in Your ACCOUNT cuina aaa oe 9 2 2 Finding Out What Files Are in an Account Other Than Your OWN susana 9 8 9 2 3 DIR and Wildcard Symbols oooonnaoomnn 9 9 9 2 3 1 Using DIR to Find Specific Files saccescanenasase 9 10 Creating a File That Contains a Directory Listing daa DN Printing a Directory Listing 9 12 Selecting DIR Options ususanaaana 9 12 DIR and Special and Ersatz Devices 9 16 DIR Error Messages onooconssanananosa 9 17 ING FILES RENAME unaunansonaoanonao 9718 Renaming a File in Your Account nasasa 9 19 Renaming a File in an Account Other Than Your OWN saaananeannaassanasanonean 9719 3 3 RENAME and Wildcard Symbols s aasssaaaa 9720 3 4 Selecting RENAME Options ssenassnsanasa 9 21 3 5 RENAME and Special and Ersatz DEVICES ica aa P EE RENAME Error Messages oooonnananenana 9723 NG FILES ERASE ssocnrnsssinacionecan ena 9724 Erasing Files From Your Account 9724 Erasing Files From Accounts Other Than Your OWN crasas no sas 9729 ERASE and Wildcard Symbols aaseasasasaa 9729 Using an Outfilespec sauunaaaana 9726 Selecting ERASE Options sausananasa 9727
135. nd DIR MEM CRMx RUN JJ THE WILDCARD FILE COMMANDS Page 9 17 gives a Listing of all of the compiled BASIC programs whose name begins with CRM that are currently in your memory partition The command DIR RES DVR Y Lists all Driver programs currently in system memory Use the H switch to compute and display hashmark totals for the modules You may specify both special and regular devices within the same command DIR BASE 200 1 MEM Y F2DSK PRG 4 2156 DSKO 200 13 PREDOC TXT 20 4405 Total of 2 files in 24 blocks HASH__ PRG 1016 36640 MEM QDT PRG 330 40642 INDEX PRG 566 41366 NULL PRG 1276 42466 Total of 4 files in 3188 bytes Grand total of 6 files in 24 blocks and in 3188 bytes The example above gives a directory display for the account DSKO 200 13 and for the modules in your memory partition MEM 9 2 8 DIR Error Messages Below is a List of some of the error messages that you can see when using DIR If you encounter an error message that is not mentioned here refer to Appendix A AMOS System Error Messages 1 No such files DIR couldn t find any files that matched your filespecs Are you sure that you are searching the correct account Check your spelling 2 Account does not exist p pn The indicated account does not exist Are you sure that you ve specified the correct device Remember that an explicit device specification sets the default for the rest of the command line 3
136. nd then resume use of the file The PAUSE and CONT commands allow you to do so The PAUSE command causes the temporary interruption in the execution of the command file in which it appears You may then execute AMOS commands invoke other command files use a text editor etc To resume execution of the command file use the CONT command 3 1 The PAUSE Command You may only use PAUSE within a command file Enter the PAUSE command in your command file where you want to temporarily interrupt execution of the file You may optionally include a message on the PAUSE command line which is displayed when the command file pauses For example PAUSE Type a K COPY old BAS files to 40 1 type CONT to resume backup This is what happens when a PAUSE statement is processed in a command file you are using l If a message has been included on the PAUSE command line PAUSE displays that message to you 2 Whether or not it has displayed a Message PAUSE now stops and waits for you to type a character If you type a RETURN PAUSE resumes execution of the command file If you type NEW COMMAND FILE AND DO FILE FEATURES Page 6 anything but a RETURN PAUSE returns you to AMOS command level 3 Once PAUSE returns you to AMOS command level you can now run any programs or command files you want To resume execution of the command file at the point after the PAUSE command P just type CONT at AMOS command level The CONT command may also appear w
137. nsferred If you now look at your file directory using the DIR command you see that you have a copy of your original file MYFILE TXT 2 z MYFILE BAK_1 UNBILL BAS 6 NEW TXT Total of 4 files in 11 blocks DIRQ DSKO 200 5 You can use the TYPE command to assure yourself that you do indeed have an exact copy xx FOR MORE INFORMATION k See this manual Section 9 5 Copying Files COPY 4 6 RENAMING A FILE You can use the RENAME command to change the name of your file RENAME DEMO FX NEW TXT Q NEW TXT to DEMO FX1 Total of 1 file renamed If you use the DIR command again you see that NEW TXT is now named DEMO FX1 FOR MORE INFORMATION xx See this manual Section 9 3 Renaming Files RENAME A QUICK DEMO OF SYSTEM USE Page 4 7 4 7 GETTING INTO BASIC Now leave AMOS command level by invoking the BASIC language processor Type BASIC and a RETURN BASIC D READY You have told AMOS to run the program that understands the computer Language that we call BASIC The BASIC Language consists of simple almost English phrases that you can combine to form a BASIC program When you see the word READY you are communicating with the program that understands the computer language BASIC We say that you are in BASIC You cannot use the AMOS commands here instead you must use commands phrased in the BASIC language To get used to communicating with the BASIC language processor we ll en
138. o use TRM or MEM he or she will check to make sure that the programs TRM DVR and MEM DVR are in account 1 6 of the System Disk and that TRM and MEM are defined system devices Aside from the special devices which many components of the system recognize there exists another class of device that only the wildcard file commands and the LOG command recognize the ersatz devices The purpose of the ersatz devices is to make it easier for you to specify the accounts you use most frequently These devices are RES specifies System Memory SYS specifies DSKO 1 4 System Program Library DVR y DSKO 1 6 Device Driver Library CMD w DSKO 2 2 Command File Library HLP u DSKO C7 14 Help File Library BOX a DSKO 7 2 Mailbox Data File Library LSP n DSKO 7 41 LISP Language Library PAS k DSKO 7 51 Pascal Language Library BAS DSKO 7 6 BASIC Language Library MAC DSKO 7 7 MACRO Language Library For example DIR SYS is equivalent to DIR DSKO 1 4 That is by typing DIR SYS you can see a directory display for account DSKO 1 4 DIR RES gives a directory listing of the memory modules in system memory 9 2 FINDING OUT WHAT FILES ARE ON THE DISK DIR Every account has a directory which lists all of the files in that account You will probably use the DIR Directory command most often to find out what files are in your own account you can also use the DIR command in several different ways to gain informa
139. of a file you see a message that tells you which copy this listing is Co 1 of 3 The BANNER switch is a file switch Changed 15 October 1979 THE WILDCARD FILE COMMAND Page 9 43 NOBANNER OPTION The NOBANNER switch turns off the BANNER switch Check with the System Operator to see which switch is the initial default NOB is a file switch FORMS OPTION The FORMS n switch allows you to specify the type of form on which you want your listing printed The default form is NORMAL the name usually assigned to the most regularly mounted form on a printer PRINT checks to make sure that the form you specify is the form associated with the printer you want to use if it is not the spooler Operator sees a message on his or her terminal requesting that the form you specified be mounted on the printer Since the default form is NORMAL not using the FO n switch is the same as specifying FORMS NORMAL If the printer you are using does not have the form NORMAL mounted you MUST use the FO n switch to specify the type of form that is mounted on that particular printer HEADER OPTION The HEADER switch allows you to print a header at the top of every page of the listing Page headers give the name of the file being printed the date and the current page number HEADER is a file switch NOHEADER OPTION The NOHEADER switch turns off the HEADER switch Check with the System Operator to see which option is the initial default NOHEAD
140. ogram Library Account DSKO 1 4J 7 CANNOT OPEN MEM filespec DEVICE DOES NOT EXIST CCANNOT OPEN RES filespec DEVICE DOES NOT EXIST You told DIR to compute hashmarks on modules in your memory partition or in system memory e g DIR H RES or DIR H MEM but the special devices MEM and RES have not been defined in the device table of the system initialization command file Check with your System Operator DIR H RES TRM DVR Y TRM DVR 262 CANNOT OPEN MEM TRM DVR DEVICE DOES NOT EXIST RE MEN MEM TRA DVR DEVICE DOES NOT EXISTJ 9 3 RENAMING FILES RENAME You can change the names and extensions of disk files by using RENAME what is more interesting is that you can change the names and extensions of whole groups of files at one time by using RENAME Because RENAME is so powerful be cautious while you are getting used to it make sure that it will do what you think it is going to do ae THE WILDCARD FILE COMMANDS Page 9 19 4 COMMAND SYNTAX RENAME out filespec Cinfilespect infilespecN switcht swit ch 9 COMMAND DEFAULTS The initial default infilespec is the account and device into which you are logged and a filename and extension of Kuk The initial default outfilespec is ALL and a filename and extension of Initial default switch settings are NODELETE and NOQUERY SPECIAL FUNCTIONS You can use RENAME to rename memory modules by specifying the MEM device see Section 9 3 5 RE
141. om the left of the cursor to the left edge of your terminal display by typing a Control U On CRT Terminals the erased line of characters simply disappears and the cursor moves to the left edge of the display on a hard copy terminal you see a U and the terminal readies itself for a new line of input Control I A Control 1 is a tab character Many terminals have a TAB key that you can hit instead of typing Control 1 A tab moves the cursor to the next tab stop on your terminal display Control Ss If you have a CRT Terminal it often happens that a program or command displays more data on your terminal than will fit on one screen page To stop a screen display type a Control S You may then read the data on the screen at your leisure Not only does the display freeze but AMOS actually stops sending data to your terminal until you type a Control Q see below at that point AMOS resumes sending information where it left off While a Control S is in effect AMOS stores but does not act upon anything that you type except for a Control Q Control Q When you type a Control S to freeze the screen display see above you must type a Control Q to resume screen display If you have typed anything while the Control S was in effect a Control Q tells AMOS that it can now go ahead and act upon that input Try this out by typing a Control S a couple of commands ending each with a RETURN now type a Control Q and you will see all of th
142. on the disk is up and ready to use This procedure usually takes a minute or so 3 The system now brings itself up by transferring into memory copies from the System Disk of those programs that comprise the operating system 4 If you are going to be using floppy disk drives in addition to your hard disk drives turn them on now Insert the floppy disks you are going to be using If you have a floppy disk based system i e your system software is on a floppy disk 1 Holding down the RESET button turn on the power to your computer con ee Systems the RESET button is on the computer s front panel 2 Turn on the floppy disk drive Insert your System Disk into drive zero the System Drive and close the drive door The System Disk is the disk that contains the programs that comprise AMOS If you have more than one drive in your disk unit you can go ahead and insert the floppy disks that you are going to use Refer to Section 2 3 Changing Disk Cartridges and Floppy Disks TURNING THE SYSTEM ON AND OFF Page 2 3 2 2 GETTING THE OPERATING SYSTEM S ATTENTION As soon as you have performed the procedure above the system should be up and running To let you know that it is ready and eager to respond to your instructions AMOS displays its prompt symbol a dot at the left side of your terminal display If you do not see such a symbol on your terminal type a Control C that is hold down the CONTROL key on your keyboard sometimes
143. onfusing item on the command line Check the command syntax and retype the Line More than one output specification You may only specify one outfilespec You cannot copy an input file to more than one output file Missing output specification You forgot to type the equal sign on the command line CANNOT OPEN filespec PROTECTION VIOLATION You tried to create a file in an account that does not share the same project number as the file you are currently logged into Device full There is no more room on the disk Try copying to another device You are not logged in under 1 2 can t create Cp pn Only if you are logged into the System Operator s Account 1 2 can you use COPY to create a nonexistent account 0utput MFD is full You tried to create a new account by using the COPY command while logged into 1 2 The Master File Directory on the device was full so COPY wasn t able to create the account Each device has a limit of 64 accounts Create the account on another device Random files can not be transferred to MEM You may only copy sequential files into your memory partition Files may not be transferred to RES You may not add programs to system memory after the system is up and running The System Operator may add programs to system memory by modifying the system initialization procedure Cannot find DSKO SCNWLD SYSE1 4 or MEM SCNWLD SYS The COPY command needs the SCNWLD program to process wildcard
144. or non AMOS structured disk 6 1 1 1 Special Devices Several special devices may be defined on your system that allow you to treat memory and your terminal as just another physical device These special devices are MEM Your memory partition that is the area of memory that you are using in which to run your job If MEM has been defined as a device you can use COPY to copy files to memory from the disk and vice versa you can use DIR with MEM to find out what modules are in your memory area TRM Your terminal You can use COPY to write files to that terminal as if it were a disk This performs the same function as the TYPE command TRM XX Terminal named XX that is you can refer to a specific terminal by supplying the name of that terminal Type TRMDEF and a RETURN to see the names of the terminals defined on the system i MAA AA E SEE S IDENTIFYING FILES TO AMOS Page 6 3 6 1 2 Filename Every file on the disk has a name associated with it Filenames may be from one to six characters in length Although you may enter a filename as upper or lower case or both AMOS converts all filenames that you enter at AMOS command level to upper case That is TRIDNT is the same as Tridnt or tridnt Programs independent from AMOS such as BASIC may distinguish between upper and lower case in filenames check the manuals belonging to those programs for information on how they treat filenames Filenames can only conta
145. or a form feed COMMAND FILES AND DO FILES Page 8 11 8 2 3 3 BACKUP DO This DO file transfers backup copies of the specified files in account 200 11 from one disk cartridge or floppy disk to the same account on another disk cartridge or floppy disk D gt T SET VERIFY Check write operations and report disk errors SET DSKERR lt Backup Account 200 11 of Working Cartridge onto Archives Cartridge gt LOG DSK1 200 1 COPY DSKO 0 Copy specified files in DSK1 200 1 onto DSKO lt Change cartridge to Archives Cartridge when ready MOUNT gt K MOUNT DSK1 COPY DSKO 0 Copy specified files in DSKO 200 11 to DSK1 200 11 XChange cartridge back to Working Cartridge when ready MOUNT gt K MOUNT DSK1 XClear DSKO gt ERASE DSKO 200 11 LOG P1 Return to previous account 8 2 3 4 WRITE DO Uses the COPY command to send a file to any printer without using the PRINT command i e without going through the Line printer spooler program WRITE DO allows you to send a file to any terminal including a printer as long as that device has been defined on the system as a terminal The format with which you call WRITE DO is WRITE Filespec TO terminal name D Argument 0 Filespec argument 1 TO and argument 2 terminal name D TRM6 7 The default terminal is TRM6 Send file to designated terminal or printer iT COPY TRM 2 0 NOTE Because we do n
146. ot specify a parameter 1 in the DO file the second argument TO is ignored We have defined a default argument for parameter 2 a terminal named TRM6 Changed 15 October 1979 COMMAND FILES AND DO FILES Page 8 12 WRITE DSTRIB BAS TO QUME o COPY TRM QUME DSTRIB BAS DSTRIB BAS to TRM DSTRIB BAS Total of 1 file transferred WRITE CMPTX RUN P COPY TRM TRM6 COMTX RUN COMTX RUN to TRM COMTX RUN Total of 1 file transferred 8 2 3 5 ASSMBL DO Assemble Link and test a PRG file whose source is in three MAC files T Assemble jt MACRO 0 T MACRO 1 T MACRO 2 T Link the three 0BJ files that result LINK 0 81 82 z 7 Create symbol table file for the three 0BJ files SYMBOL S0 51 s2 Run the assembled and linked PRG file To call the DO file supply an argument List containing the names of MAC files ASSMBL DCOPY1 DCOPY2 DCOPY3 Changed 15 October 1979 three May 1980 00100 63 NEW COMMAND FILE AND DO FILE FEATURES Command and DO files play an important part in extending the power and range of the AMOS command language This document describes several new features and programs that greatly increase the flexibility of your command files Among other things these new command file features allow you to change the command file trace flag as many times as you wish within a command file conditionally transfer control to various portions of a command file based on whether
147. r account now contains the original file and a copy of that file 9 5 2 Copying a File into Your Own Account from Another Account To copy a file into your own account from another account type COPY the name you want to assign to the copy an equal sign and the specification of the file you want to copy including the specification of the account in which the file is to be found then type a RETURN COPY NEWLSP LSP DSK1 RESET LSPL200 3 Y BSK1 RESET LSPL200 3 to NEWLSP LSP Total of 1 file transferred NOTE In both examples above we created a copy of a file in our own account and so did not include an account specification in the outfilespec 9 5 3 Copying a File into An Account Other Than Your Own To create a file in an account that is not your own the account you are logged into and the account you are transferring to MUST be within the same project that is their PPNs must share the same project number sCOPY DSK1 ALPHA MACC300 51 DSKO SCRTCH MACC300 7 Y DSKO SCRTCH MAC 300 7 to ALPHA MAC 300 5 Total of 1 file transferred 9 5 4 COPY and Wildcard Symbols Because COPY jis a wildcard file command you can use it to transfer copies of entire sets of files at one time For example COPY DSK1 103 4 x PRG READ PRG to DSK1 READ PRG 103 4J SYNTX PRG to DSK1 SYNTX PRG 103 4 PRG to DSK1 DSKWRT PRG 103 4 Total of 3 files transferred THE WILDCARD FILE COMMANDS Page 9 31 The example above tells COPY to t
148. r use If that device has already been mounted using the MOUNT command again does no harm After you have mounted the disk log into the account on that device by using the LOG command with the name of the device preceding the account numbers LOG DSK1 200 5 2 If the system requires a password for your account you see L0G 200 51 Password 2 Enter the password that you received from the System Operator Hit RETURN You ll notice that the system does not show your password on the screen as you type it this helps you to keep the password secret Now you should see L0G 200 510 Password Password 9 Logged into DSK0 200 5 which tells you that you are logged into the system under account 200 5 on device DSKQ You can now begin to use the system FOR MORE INFORMATION xx See this manual Section 5 3 Logging into the System and Section 2 3 1 The MOUNT Command A QUICK DEMO OF SYSTEM USE Page 4 3 4 2 CREATING A TEXT FILE WITH VUE Now we will create a text file using the text editor VUE NOTE VUE is a screen oriented text editor that means that to use it you MUST use a CRT terminal Check with the VUE manual to see the kinds of CRT terminals with which you can use VUE The file we ll create will be named MYFILE TXT Type VUE MYFILE TXT Y VUE Looks for a file named MYFILE TXT If there is such a file VUE says AlphaVue Version 2 0 Loading MYFILE TXT and transfers a copy of the file
149. ransfer copies of all PRG files in the account and device you are currently logged into over to account DSK1 103 4 NOTE Because the outfilespec does not contain a filename or extension COPY assigns the names selected by the infilespec PRG to the new files You can modify the names selected by the infilespec by including a filename and or extension in the outfilespec COPY TXFE TXT 2 CHPTR1 TXT to CHPTR1 TXE PRFACE TXT to PRFACE TXF INDEX TXT to INDEX TXF Total of 3 files transferred ES Because no two files in an account may have the same name and extension you may not usually supply more than one infilespec However if your outfilespec is wildcarded you CAN specify more than one input file COPY BAS BS1 CREATE BS2 BS3 Y WDANGL BS1 to WDANGL BAS SCANNR BS1 to SCANNR BAS CREATE BS2 to CREATE BAS FACTOR BS3 to FACTOR BAS Total of 4 files transferred By including wildcard symbols in device and account specifications you can transfer copies of files from more than one account COPY DSK1 CI DSKO 0BJ 100 41 DSKO QUAD 0BJ 100 1 to DSK QUAD 0BJ 100 1 DSKO FILET OBJCTIOO 11 to DSK1 FILE 0BJ 100 1 6SKO GEOM 0BJ 100 5 to DSK1 GEOM OBJL1 00 53 DSKO EUCLID 0BJ 100 10 to DSK1 EUCLID 0BJ 100 10 Total of 4 files transferred NOTE Be careful to include the wildcard PPN symbol Cl when copying files from a set of accounts into the corresponding accounts on another device If we had not included th
150. retry a data read and not a hard error the data could not be read at all you do not necessarily have to worry unless you see a DEVICE ERROR message see above which indicates a hard error ERROR n CMD n STS nz RECORD n TRACK n SECTOR n You see this message if you have SET DSKERR and a soft diskrerror occurs on a system that is using an AM 400 Hard Disk Subsystem The number following ERROR indicates the type of soft error that occurred refer to the instructions supplied with the disk drive to find out what error condition corresponds to that error code The message tells you where on the disk the error occurred Check with the System Operator 2File specification error The format of your command line was confusing For example APPEND D File specification error Retype the command Line making sure that the syntax you use is the correct form for that particular command Insufficient memory for program load You do not have enough memory in your partition to load the program you want to execute Use the MAP command to make sure that no unnecessary modules are in your memory partition If you still receive this message check with the System Operator to see if he or she can allocate your job more memory Login please You ve tried to enter an instruction to AMOS but you are not logged into the system Use the LOG command see Section 5 3 Logging into the System If you need help in figuring out what to do you can u
151. rid of any backup files in the account ERASE BAK 5 Clean up memory partition again DEL x x If the DO file above is named TEST DO then we can invoke it by entering the name of the file at AMOS command level along with the item of text we want to substitute into the file for the 0 symbol TEST CANCEL Y As AMOS processes the file above you see the DO file on the screen The lines in the file that contain the parameter symbol 0 now contain the argument you specified when invoking the DO file 7 Compile and run the BASIC program COMPIL CANCEL BAS RUN CANCEL RUN 8 2 1 Building and Invoking DO Files Create a DO file by using one of the text editors to build a text file with the DO extension The file may contain up to ten different user defined parameters indicated by the parameter symbols 0 9 When you enter the name of the DO file at AMOS command level you also include an argument List the items of which will be substituted for the parameter symbols in the DO file The items in the argument List are separated by blanks To include a blank within an argument enclose the argument within lt gt symbols e g lt argument 25 ai t ai COMMAND FILES AND DO FILES Page 8 7 Each parameter symbol becomes associated with one of the argument list items the first item with parameter 0 the second item with parameter 1 and so on For example T TXTMFT 50 PRINT 51 DIR S2 If we invoke this
152. rks for each memory module in display The default Switches are FSBHMU 11 2 3 1 Limiting the MAP Display If you omit the MAP Switches from a command Line MAP gives you as much information as it can If you are not interested or do not need quite that much information you may use the MAP Switches to restrict the MAP display For example if you merely want to know the size of the modules in your memory partition or their names use only one or two of the Switches discussed above To see just the names of the modules in your memory partition MAP UM LOG PRG QDT PRG SYSTAT PRG To see just the sizes and names of the modules in your memory partition MAP UMS D LOG PRE 1016 QDI PRG 330 SYSTAT PRG 566 Changed 15 October 1979 MEMORY COMMANDS Page 11 5 To see just the names and hashmarks of the modules in your memory partition sMAP UMH p LOG PRG 512 123 435 601 QDT PRG 435 713 462 175 SYSTAT PRG 167 536 542 221 To find out how much free memory is left in your memory partition MAP FS 7 FREE 416 And so on 11 2 3 2 Using MAP to Find Out What Modules Are in System Memory The examples in the section above are concerned with displaying information about the modules in your memory partition You may also use MAP on the system area of memory by replacing the U Switch with the R resident area Switch MAP RSHMF TRM DVR 252 552 107 745 717 11 3 FINDING OUT WHAT MODULES ARE IN SYSTEM MEMORY SYSTEM
153. rms a wildcard search for the TAKA ri a o IDENTIFYING FILES TO AMOS Page 6 7 specified file on ALL units of the device specified not just on logical unit zero Refer to Chapter 9 The Wildcard File Commands for more information on the defaults used by these commands Many programs on the system use specific default extensions For example the text formatting program TXTFMT uses the default extension of TXT That is if you omit a file extension from a filespec that you give to TXTFMT TXTFMT assumes that the file is a TXT file The point to remember here is that you may omit extensions from a filespec that you give to a command as long as that extension is the default extension being used by the command In other words since the TXTFMT default extension is TXT you may omit the extension from a filespec for a TXT file If you want to use TXTFMT on a file that is NOT a TXT Dap you must include that file s extension in the filespec Remember that the defaults used by the system depend upon the command to which you are specifying the file so look at the documentation for a specific command to see what defaults that command uses AMOS USER S GUIDE PART II THE SYSTEM COMMANDS We have introduced you to some of the system commands in Part I Getting Started Now we re going to discuss the major system commands in comprehensive detail If at any time you are confused by a term or concept refer to the Index for other refer
154. rself entering the same sequence of commands over and over For example let s say that every time you log into your account you erase all backup files then you look at the directory of your account LOG 100 41 9 Logged into DSK0 100 41 ERASE BAK D MEMDOC BAK COMF BAK Total of 2 files deleted 3 disk blocks freed DIR t MEMDOC TXT 12 DSKO 100 4 COMF TXT 5 VAR BAS 10 VAR RUN Y Total of 4 files in 34 blocks The example above is a simple one sometimes a frequently used sequence of commands may be quite long and tedious to type An extremely powerful tool for dealing with this problem is the command file A command file is a text file that contains the same kinds of input that you might enter from the keyboard You can tell AMOS to read its instructions from a command file instead of having to enter those commands and data yourself Let s say that you create the command file LOGIN CMD to perform the functions in the example above The file contains the following lines of text ST Do Login clean up functions LOG 100 4 ERASE BAK Get rid of the backup files DIR COMMAND FILES AND DO FILES Page 8 2 If you do not include the T at the front of your command files you will not see the lines of text on your terminal display as AMOS processes them See Section 8 1 1 Special Symbols in Command Files for an explanation of this and other special symbols At AMOS command Level enter the name of your
155. s for it in the account and device you are currently logged into 8 If the search for DIR CMD has failed AMOS decides that the file must be a DO file A DO file is a special kind of command file AMOS now begins to Look for DIR DO in your memory partition 9 AMOS next searches for DIR DO in the System Command File Library DSK0 2 2D 10 The last place that AMOS searches is the device and account you are currently logged into for DIR DO If AMOS goes through the entire search procedure above without finding DIR it will tell you that it can t find the file or memory module by repeating the command back to you enclosed in question marks 2DIR 2 You can prevent AMOS from going through this complicated search procedure by giving more information about the file For example if you say 2DSKO DIR CMDL120 31 9 AMOS immediately Looks for the file on the System Disk in account 120 31 and processes the file as a command file If AMOS can t find that file it repeats the entire specification back to you enclosed in question marks DSKO DIR CMD 120 31 Page Index 1 AMOS USER S GUIDE INDEX Index a a a a a a 6 5 9 2 symbol 6 5 9 2 2 symbol Account directory x yuna Account libraries Accounts ALL Alpha Micro Operating System AM 500 AMOS command level AMOS commands 4 6 9 28 13 2 11 7 12 4 t N i H am sa in CO so MULI YT im ae 9 u o a 8 4G e 8 8 a LI 8 s
156. s on the command Line in the proper order i e outfilespec to the left of the equal sign infilespec to the right 2 No file oriented device corresponding to dev is mounted You specified a device but did not include a unit number e g AMS RENAME tried to match all possible units with your specification but did not find any that were mounted Check your spellings if that Looks OK try mounting the disk use the MOUNT command If you still have no success check with System Operator who will make sure that the device referred to by the error message is a valid system device and that a device driver program for that device exists 3 Account does not exist p pni The indicated account does not exist Check your typing if that s 0K try using the DIR command to see a directory for that account If you still have no luck check with the System Operator 4 Specification error RENAME does not understand the format of your command line the symbol points to the confusing element of the Line Retype the command 5 More than one output specification You cannot rename a file to two names use only one outfilespec 7 6 Device or p pn specifications on output are illegal You cannot change the location of a file by using RENAME do not include an account or device specification in a RENAME out filespec THE WILDCARD FILE COMMANDS 9 4 You isa with 7 Cannot find DSKO SCNWLD SYS 1 4 or MEM SCNWLD SYS ALL wildcar
157. s the form type you specify against the type of form that 15 Supposed to be mounted on the printer If the two do not match PRINT informs the spooler Operator job who is selected by the System Operator at the time of system initialization that the forms need to be changed on the specified printer For example suppose that a user on the system specifies that a List of customer names be printed on two part forms on printer PRNTR6 but only regular paper is mounted on that printer The spooler Changed 15 October 1979 THE WILDCARD FILE COMMAND Page 9 40 Operator sees this message on his or her terminal display LPTSPL Please mount 2PART on PRNTR6 The message specifies both the printer on which the forms must be changed and the type of forms that must be mounted This message appears once a minute on the spooler Operator s terminal until the Operator changes the forms then the print requests waiting in the queue can be attended to When you change the forms on a printer tell the PRINT command that you have done so by using the SET command SET FORMS printer name form name ma where you specify the printer on which you have changed the forms and the name of the form you have mounted For example SET FORMS PRNTR6 2PART Bo The form name may be any name you choose from one to six characters To avoid confusion however everyone on the system should use a standard set of form names e g CHECKS NORMAL 2PART INVCE etc
158. s the same function as the LOAD command it loads a copy of the files selected into your memory partition area COPY MEM Cinfilespect infilespecN Y performs the same function as the SAVE command it saves a copy of the memory modules selected as disk files in your account See Section 11 4 Saving Memory Modules as Files SAVE for information on memory modules You can also use the ersatz devices as a shorthand way to identify disk accounts THE WILDCARD FILE COMMANDS Page 9 35 COPY BOX CATLOG Y TATLOG BAKE7 1 to CATLOG BAK CATLOG HLP 7 1 to CATLOG HLP Total of 2 files transferred In the example above we must be logged into an account in Project 7 to avoid a Protection Violation error 9 5 8 COPY Error Messages Below are many of the error messages you may see when using COPY If you encounter an error not discussed here refer to Appendix A AMOS System Error Messages for a more complete listing of system error messages 4 No files transferred COPY could not find any files that matched your infilespecs or some other problem prevented COPY from making file copies 2 Attempt to copy file to self Make sure no other jobs are running Include the switch PACK in your copy command You tried to create a copy of a file with the same name as the original if COPY were to allow you to do so it would delete the original file and replace it with the copy an extremely dangerous procedure if another jo
159. s you to search for a file from within a command file and then to perform several actions based on the results of that search If a file is not found you may resume execution of the command file at the command line following the lookup or you may cause the command file to terminate execution You may also choose whether to display your own error message or a standard AMOS error message if the file is not found By using LOOKUP in combination with the GOTO command you can choose which portions of the command file to execute based on the results of the file rena This allows you to perform conditional branching within a command 1 e You may only use the LOOKUP command within a command file To use LOOKUP enter it into your command file in one of the following formats NEW COMMAND FILE AND DO FILE FEATURES Page 4 LOOKUP Fspec where Fspec specifies the file you want to search for If the file is found LOOKUP continues execution of the command file if it is not found LOOKUP displays the appropriate AMOS error message e g 7 Cannot OPEN STDMOD BAD file not found and returns the user of the command file to AMOS command level LOOKUP Fspec Msg where Fspec specifies the file you want to search for and Msg is a message supplied by you If the file is found LOOKUP just continues execution of the command file If the file is not found LOOKUP displays your message instead of the appropriate AMOS error message and returns the us
160. se of the wildcard symbols in file specifications By using wildcards you can ask DIR for a listing of all files that have a specific extension or name For example DIR BAS O APSBR BAS 23 AMS1 156 3 ARSBR BAS 14 GLSBR BAS 1 DATAEN BAS 7 Total_of 4 files in 66 blocks THE WILDCARD FILE COMMANDS Page 9 11 In the example above you have asked for a directory listing of all BASIC files in your account You could just as easily have asked for a display of all files that have a five character name that ends with SBR e g 2DIR 275BR gt or all files that have names that begin with an A e g DIR Ad NOTE The default filespec for DIR is x x and the device and account you are currently logged into Therefore omitting a file extension causes DIR to use the default extension In other words specifying DIR Ax js equivalent to specifying DIR Ax x You can use the device wildcard symbols when you want DIR to locate files for you For example suppose you know that several accounts on DSK2 contain some special text files use the wildcard PPN symbol to find the accounts where the files appear DIR LIDSK2 0PSER TXT OPDOC TXT GPSER1 TXT 12 DSK2 110 4 OPSERS TXT 23 Total of 2 files in 35 blocks OPSER2 TXT 8 DSK2 110 7 OPDOC TXT 25 DSK2 100 351 OPDOC4 TXT 17 Total of 2 files in 42 blocks Grand total of 5 files in 85 disk blocks In the example above we set the default account to ALL accounts on DSK2 by u
161. se the AMOS system in it you will find definitions for many of the terms we use in the AMOS User s Guide If you are an experienced AMOS user you will want to just skim the AMOS User s Guide and refer to the AMOS System Commands Reference Sheets for answers to your questions about specific commands We would also like to draw your attention to the document titled A Guide to the AMOS Software Documentation Library which lists all of the software documentation currently offered by Alpha Micro it tells you what information each manual contains and also indicates the kind of reader at which each manual is aimed If you want information on a specific facet of system operation such as using the macrorassembler BASIC or one of the text editors see A Guide to the AMOS Software Documentation Library to find out what manuals cover those topics AMOS USER S GUIDE Page wil Table of Contents PREFACE anaa on nana PE EE EE KE EE BKA TABLE OF CONTENTS uuaunanaa aa WIN CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO THE MANUAL a MANUAL CONTENTS anan aa paaa CO KE UE EG EE EG NB 2 CONVENTIONS USED IN THIS MANUAL n usonaanaana 1 1 PART I GETTING STARTED CHAPTER 2 TURNING THE SYSTEM ON AND OFF TURNING ON THE SYSTEM nA RN OH AGE ANG NAN AD 2 1 GETTING THE OPERATING SYSTEM S ATTENTION o 273 CHANGING DISK CARTRIDGES AND FLOPPY DISKS er 2 4 NN NN WG s 2 3 1 The MOUNT Command nae nnnanansosnsacantnaas 2 4 TURNING OFF
162. se the HELP command even if you are not logged in see Section 3 5 The HELP Command Memory allocation failed You used a monitor call GETMEM from within an assembly Language program to allocate space for a memory module within a memory partition there wasn t enough room in the partition to perform the allocation Make sure that no unnecessary modules are in the memory partition Changed 15 October 1979 AMOS SYSTEM ERROR MESSAGES Page A 6 Memory map destroyed Each module in your memory partition maintains a pointer to the address of the next module in memory if these connecting Links become confused or broken AMOS is not sure where your memory modules are in your partition You may not need to reset the computer but you may want to delete the modules from memory and reload them just to be sure that your memory map is intact No memory available There is no more free memory available on the system Consult with the System Operator who may change the amounts of memory allocated to each job on the systen Changed 15 October 1979 APPENDIX B AMOS COMMAND PROCESSING AMOS follows a specific search procedure when looking for a file in response to a command entered at AMOS command level Although you usually don t have to think about this search sequence we provide the information below in case you ever have several files of the same name in different accounts e g DSKO BACKUP DO 2 2 DSKO BACKUP PRGE1 41 and BAC
163. set the system 2 3 1 The MOUNT Command Type MOUNT and the name of the device which contains the new disk Remember to include the colon Then hit the RETURN key on your terminal keyboard For example MOUNT AMS1 D the command above mounts the floppy disk you have placed in drive AMS1 TURNING THE SYSTEM ON AND OFF Page 2 4 Using a MOUNT command is the only way you have of letting the system know when you change a disk You MUST use MOUNT every time you change a disk 1f you do not it is quite probable that you will lose files on that new disk since the system may write over data on the disk being confused about which areas on the disk are free and which are already being used by files If you incorrectly enter the name of the device you want to mount you see the NONEXISTENT DEVICE message MOUNT ASM1 9 NONEXISTENT DEVICE Check your spelling and retype the command 2 4 TURNING OFF THE SYSTEM Before you turn off your computer or disk drives make sure that you are at the AMOS command level that is that you see the AMOS prompt symbol on your terminal display which indicates that you are talking to the operating system and that AMOS is not in the process of transferring data between the computer and the disk Turn off your terminals and printer If you have a hard disk based system 1 If your disk drive has a removable cartridge and you want to remove and store the cartridge do so now Follow the instructions
164. sing the wildcard PPN symbol L 9 2 4 Creating a File That Contains a Directory Listing Type DIR the name of the file you want to create an equal sign and the specifications of the accounts for which you want a directory listing DIR MYFILS LST DSK1 255 12 o The example above creates a file named MYFILS LST in the account you are Logged into this file contains a listing of the directory for DSK1 255 12 If you leave the command line after the equal sign blank e g gDIR MYFILS LST gt DIR assumes you want a Listing for the directory of the account you are currently logged into If you leave the area between the DIR command and the equal sign blank DIR creates a listfile named DIRECT LST for you in your account By implication then a command of DIR creates a file named DIRECT LST that contains the directory listing for the account and device you are currently logged into THE WILDCARD FILE COMMANDS Page 9 12 Experiment with using DIR to create a directory file and you will find that you can create a file in any account within your own project i e the PPN of the account in which you are creating the file and the PPN of the account you are logged into have the same project number The file you create may contain a directory listing for ANY account even those outside of your own project 9 2 5 Printing a Directory Listing To print a copy of a directory Listing you can either 1 create a file that contains
165. ss the display of command file Lines as AMOS processes them However a S will have no effect if a T appears before it in the command file Any program output generated while the command file is in control also does not appear on your terminal R REVIVE Use a R symbol to counteract a S symbol You can use multiple S and R symbols within one command file to allow the user of your command file to see some program output and command file lines but not others t 3 MESSAGE These symbols allow you to include messages and comments within your command files AMOS displays all characters within the lt gt symbols on your terminal display when it reaches that point in the command file A command file message is not acted upon by AMOS or any other programs AMOS displays command file messages regardless of whether S or R symbols appear in the command file A message may be more than one line in length the end of the message is indicated by the gt symbol and not a RETURN NOTE AMOS ignores any characters on the Line that follow the end of message symbol that is AMOS skips over any characters between a gt and a RETURN K KEYBOARD INPUT The K symbol allows the user of your command file to enter one line of data or commands to either AMOS or the program currently being executed When it finds a K symbol in your command file AMOS halts processing of the file until the user of your file enters a line of characters that end
166. stem has one or more accounts When you create files on a disk the system marks those files as belonging to your account No one aside from the System Operator can create files in your account except yourself and others within your own project see Section 5 1 Project programmer Numbers below Since AMOS maintains a list on each disk of the users who can create files on that disk you must have an account on each disk floppy disk or disk cartridge that you are going to use for storing files Each account has a directory a kind of catalog that lists all of the files in that account You can use the DIR Directory command to see a display of your account directory 5 1 PROJECT PROGRAMMER NUMBERS The System Operator assigns all user accounts When you are assigned an account you receive a project programmer number often called a PPN and optionally a password NOTE If you are using more than one disk you will have an account on each disk If you have only one account on each disk they can all have the same PPN Your PPN is a unique two part number that distinguishes you from all other users on the system The first number is called the project number If several users PPNs have the same project number those users are said to be in the same project Users in the same project have certain privileges when it comes to transferring files between each others accounts The second number is called the programmer number and is separ
167. stem is functioning These programs include diagnostic programs for testing memory and disks display programs that help you examine and modify memory and the disk and job commands that allow you to attach jobs and terminals and affect job status These commands are not within the scope of this manual for more information on system operation see the AMOS System Operator s Information section of the AM 100 documentation packet and the Assembly Language Programmer s Manual 12 1 SYSTEM STATUS COMMAND SYSTAT The System Status command give you a quick summary of what jobs are running on the system what terminals are attached to what jobs and what each job is doing COMMAND SYNTAX sSYSTATQ The SYSTAT program prints one line for each job on the system Each line gives the following information 1 job name 2 name of the terminal that the job is using 3 account the job is logged into 4 the octal base address in system memory where the system maintains information about the job 5 status of the job see Section 12 1 1 Job Status Symbols below 6 name of the Last program run by the job and 7 the number of bytes decimal in the memory partition being used by the job and its base address in memory octal Below the job information lines is a list of all storage devices currently mounted on the system and the number of blocks free on those devices A typical display for a small system might look like this SYSTEM INFORMAT
168. strictions as ssasaaaaa 10 2 10 1 2 TYPE Error Messages o on onoooannasa 10 2 APPENDING FILES APPEND nnnnaanaees nanana 10 3 10 2 1 APPEND Error Messages noononnncana 10 4 SORTING A FILE SORT wacaaannnnnnnnaee esana 1074 10 3 1 SORT Statistics darias 1076 10 3 2 Hints and Restrictions asssasaaaasaa 10 7 10 3 3 Example ax aa a a 10 7 10 3 4 SORT Error Messages oooooonnoonnn 1078 MEMORY COMMANDS 11 1 11 2 LOADING FILES INTO YOUR MEMORY PARTITION LOAD coononoocacanacanana NS 11 1 11 1 1 Hints and Restrictions no 11 2 FINDING OUT WHAT MODULES ARE IN MEMORY MAPY rra 1162 11 2 1 Finding Out What Modules Are in Your Memory Partition ucecasaaasas 11 3 11 2 2 Displaying Information About Specific Memory Modules sesassa 1173 11 2 3 Selecting MAP Options sesaaasa 1173 11 2 3 1 Limiting the MAP Display nasananananesaan 1174 11 2 3 2 Using MAP to Find Out What Modules Are in System Memory saa wove 1145 FINDING OUT WHAT MODULES ARE IN SYSTEM MEMORY SYSTEM agapan 9 5 896p aaa LANA EEEE EE 6 0 11 5 SAVING MEMORY MODULES AS FILES SAVE an 1176 DELETING MEMORY MODULES FROM YOUR MEMORY PARTITION DEL nanana anan 9 269220089922995 5a 11 7 SYSTEM INFORMATION COMMANDS 12 1 SYSTEM STATUS COMMAND SYSTAT usauaaasaa 12 1 12 1 1 Job Status Symbols aoonoo o na 1272 THE SET COMMAND naaawa aaa aai ne asanagas gasa 12 3 FINDING OUT WHAT DEVICES ARE ON THE SYST
169. switch it kills ALL files selected by the Filespecs on the command line You must enter one K switch for each print request in the queue even if two requests are for the same file DELETE OPTION You may ask PRINT to erase a file after it prints it by including the D switch on your command Line DELETE is a file switch NODELETE OPTION The NODELETE switch turns off the DELETE switch NOD is the default switch setting and is a file switch BANNER OPTION By including the BANNER switch on your command line you may ask PRINT to print a special identification page preceding each listing The banner page gives the following information 1 The banner page identifies the listing by displaying in large block Letters the name and extension of the file printed 2 At the bottom of the banner page PRINT tells you the version number of the Line printer spooler program and the name of the printer on which the Listing was made LPTSPL Version 3 0 running on LPTO 3 The next line of data gives the full specification of the file that was printed and the date on which it was printed Use the DATE command to set the system date File DSKO SYSLPT INIL1 4 printed on 4 1 79 4 The third Line tells you the name of the form on which the Listing was printed Forms NORMAL 5 If the DELETE option is in effect the banner page also displays this message File will be deleted after printing and if you are printing more than one copy
170. t his or her account number and password to get onto the system this protects your system from unauthorized use MULTITASKING The system can handle more than one task per user at the same time For example you are able to print one file at the same moment that you are editing another file MULTIPROGRAMMING Unlike some timesharing systems AMOS oversees multiple users at the same time who are running DIFFERENT programs Every user has a fixed partition of memory in which to run his own task so that all of the tasks of multiple users reside in memory at the same time INTRODUCTION TO THE MANUAL Page 1 2 COMMAND LANGUAGE You can create a file which contains a sequence of AMOS commands command options and special symbols Every time you invoke that file called a command file AMOS reads and processes the commands in it A special type of command file called a DO file allows you to pass arguments to the file You can also create your own AMOS commands by writing assembly Language programs 1 1 MANUAL CONTENTS To make it easier to access the information in this manual we ve divided it into two general areas PART 1 GETTING STARTED The chapters in Part I will get you started using the system You ll Learn about turning on your machine using the keyboard logging into and out of the system mounting disks and specifying files This section also contains a brief system demonstration that walks you through some of the
171. tain the BADBLK SYS 1 2 file but you can only copy between devices of the same type e g AMS1 to AMS2 DSKe to DSK3 DDS1 to DDS2 etc Get the system up and running If you are using a floppy disk based system place the backup disk in a drive other than the System Drive If you are using a hard disk based system place the backup disk cartridge in any of the drives not containing the System Disk The backup disk must have been formatted at some time in the past Check with the System Operator for information on what formatting program to run to format a brand new disk Note that DSKCPY completely obliterates any data previously on the backup disk Mount the backup disk Enter DSKCPY D Now the DSKCPY command asks you for the INPUT DRIVE Enter the specification of the device you are going to back up Now DSKCPY asks you for the OUTPUT DRIVE Enter the specification of the disk you are going to copy onto the backup device For example if you want to copy DSKO onto DSK1 use the DSKCPY command in this way DSKCPY Input drive DSKO Output drive DSK1 o DSKCPY begins to make a Literal image of DSKO onto DSK1 It tells you how many blocks it is copying After it has finished the backup DSKCPY tells you that it has finished copying the disk then it proceeds to verify the duplication by checking the data on the backup disk against the data on the source disk After this verification is complete DSKCPY returns you to
172. takes the files selected by the infilespec AR and replaces the first two letters of the filenane with GL 9 1 4 Command Switches The wildcard file commands recognize a switch by the fact that it begins with a slash e g switches may appear anywhere on the command Line A typical command switch might be QUERY or Q which tells the command to ask for confirmation before it acts on each input file You may include more than one switch on a command line as long as you precede each switch with a slash 2RENAME QUERY DELETE BAS BS1 BS2 You may usually abbreviate switch names to just the letters that uniquely THE WILDCARD FILE COMMANDS Page 9 6 identify that switch For example you may enter the QUERY switch by typing either QUERY or Q For each switch there often exists another switch of opposite action identified by the prefix NO e g DELETE and NODELETE QUERY and NOQUERY Wildcard file commands use two different kinds of switches OPERATION SWITCHES and FILE SWITCHES An OPERATION SWITCH has the same effect no matter where it appears on the command Line and it affects all filespecs on that command Line 2DIR DATA TXT 75 SYNCH 37 J has the same effect as DIR x TXT 75J DATA SYNCH 37 2 A FILE SWITCH can apply to only specific filespecs depending on where it appears on the command line If a FILE SWITCH appears directly after the command e g RENAME Q x MACzx TXT x MC1 then the switch appli
173. talk about some other things that you can do when using the system to keep data Loss to a minimum 1 Whenever you change a disk cartridge or floppy you MUST use the MOUNT command if you do not AMOS may well write over data that is already on the disk 2 If your text files begin to show strange typos e g mempry instead of memory ask the System Operator to run a memory diagnostic test program you may have a memory problem The System Operator should be running memory and disk diagnostic tests on a regular schedule anyway 3 Keep your text editing sessions short never use one of the text editors for more than a half hour or so without exiting If that unexpected catastrophe should occur it s better to have lost a half an hour s worth of work instead of a day s The changes and additions that you make while you are editing do not take affect until you exit the editor 4 As a general rule never leave your terminal without signing off the system use the LOGOFF command Change your password occasionally These measures protect the system from unauthorized use Changed 15 October 1979 DISK BACKUP PROCEDURES Page 13 2 5 Treat your backup disks with respect Whether your backup disks are disk cartridges or floppy disks handle them carefully and gently Do NOT stack cartridges in tall piles on top of the disk drives and do NOT leave them lying about where they can be knocked off counters or desks If at all poss
174. te assembly Language programs PRG files or command files CMD or DO files by simply entering the specification of the file at AMOS command Level There are times however when you might want to load a group of files into memory without executing them e g a BASIC program may require that a group of subroutines be Loaded into memory before you can execute that program Changed 15 October 1979 MEMORY COMMANDS Page 11 2 COMMAND SYNTAX LOAD Filespec COMMAND DEFAULTS LOAD assumes an extension of PRG and the account and device you are currently logged into 11 1 1 Hints and Restrictions LOAD can be used to load the LOAD program itself DSKO LOAD PRGE1 4D If the file you are loading into memory is already in memory LOAD deletes and replaces it with a fresh copy LOAD does not understand wildcard symbols LOAD does NOT tell you what files it has loaded into memory you will know it was unsuccessful if it displays this message Filespec NOT FOUND 11 2 FINDING OUT WHAT MODULES ARE IN MEMORY MAP Use the MAP command to see a List of the modules in your memory partition or in system memory Modules retain the same name and extension as their corresponding disk files e g when a copy of DSKO LOG PRG 1 4 is Loaded into memory AMOS is able to Locate it in memory by looking for a module named LOG PRG COMMAND SYNTAX MAP CFilespecH Switches o COMMAND DEFAULTS The default Filespec is x x The default Sw
175. ter a small BASIC programa Type the example below entering all spaces and punctuation EXACTLY as shown If you make a mistake while you are still on a line you can back up and erase mistakes by using the RUB key If you make a mistake after you have typed a RETURN you can correct a Line by simply retyping it the LATEST version of a line will be the one that winds up in the program 10 FOR I 1 TO 102 20 PRINT TAB 5 1 WELCOME TO AMOS 2 30 NEXT D To run your program type RUN and a RETURN You see this on the screen READY 10 FOR I 1 TO 10 2 20 PRINT TAB 5 1 WELCOME TO AMOS 2 30 NEXT 2 RUN Y COMPILE COMPILE TIME WAS 0 10 SECONDS WELCOME TO AMOS WELCOME TO AMOS WELCOME TO AMOS WELCOME TO AMOS WELCOME TO AMOS a A WELCOME TO AMOS WELCOME TO AMOS WELCOME TO AMOS WELCOME TO AMOS WELCOME TO AMOS RUNTIME WAS 0 78 SECONDS READY Paman KAL me ro e ene A QUICK DEMO OF SYSTEM USE Page 4 8 4 7 1 Saving a BASIC Program To save your program type SAVE WELCOM BAS SAVE WELCOM BAS READY Now type BYE to leave BASIC and return to AMOS command level BYE Y The next thing you see is the AMOS prompt telling you that you are now back at AMOS command level If you use the DIR command you see that the BASIC program you saved is a file in your account DIRA MYFILE TXT 2 pSKO 200 5 MYFILE BAK 1 UNBILL BAS 6 DEMO FX1 2 WELCOM BAS 1 Total of 5 files in 13 blocks xx FOR MORE INFORMATION xx See th
176. the field in the Logical record on which you wish to sort e g customer name state or store name Because you can choose up to three different keys SORT asks this question once for each key that you define If you want SORT to use Less than three keys answer this question with a RETURN after you have defined all of the keys that you want to use Enter the size of each key in bytes MORE FILE COMMANDS Page 10 6 10 3 1 Key position SORT asks this question for each of the keys that you define Enter the column number in the data record where the first byte of the sort key occurs The first byte of a record is position 1 Key Order SORT asks this question once for each of the keys that you define Enter an A if you want that key sorted in ascending order or enter a D if you want the key sorted in descending order NOTE SORT sorts data based on the values of the ASCII codes for that data Because each character has a different ASCII value upper case Letters are NOT the same as lower case letters That is an A is not the same as an a For that reason all keys that begin with a capital Letter will come before all keys that begin with a lower case letter or vice versa depending on whether you are sorting in ascending or descending order SORT Statistics After SORT has sorted your file it displays a number of statistics so that you can get an idea of how much your file was in need of being sorted 1 Sorted
177. the file in various accounts If they are all named the same how do you find a specific version e g the latest of the file One way is to keep track of the files hashmarks so that you can tell them apart A file hashmark is a value that is computed based on characteristics of that file No two files have the same hashmarks unless those two files are identical even a difference of one character results in different hashmarks The H option tells DIR to compute and display hashmarks for the files you specify H is a file switch which means that where you place the switch on the command line determines which files are affected by it To affect all of the files specified place the H switch directly after the DIR command itself on the command line For example the command line below tells DIR to compute and display hashmarks for all of the files specified agod THE WILDCARD FILE COMMANDS Page 9 15 aDIR H SCAN PRGL100 31 SCAN PRGL110 51 AMSOzSCAN PRGLE120 51 2 SCAN PRG 12 604 027 223 636 AMS1 100 31 SCAN PRG 13 650 353 035 656 AMS 1 110 51 SCAN PRG 21 355 642 671 471 AMS0 120 51 Grand total of 3 files in 46 disk blocks To get hashmarks for specific files place the H switch after the specifications of the files for which you want hashmarks For example this command tells DIR to compute and display hashmarks for only the second of the files specified DIR SCAN PRG 100 31 SCAN PRG 110 51 H AMS0 SCAN PRG 120 51 SCAN
178. the same time all users have their own portion of memory in which to run their own programs this portion of memory is called a user memory partition When you enter a command at AMOS command level AMOS Loads a copy of the appropriate program or command file into your own memory partition and executes it In the case of system programs e g DIR or command files AMOS automatically deletes the program or command file from your memory partition after it finishes executing it Check with your System Operator if you have questions about the amount of memory allocated to you To find out what modules are in your memory partition you can use the MAP command See Section 11 2 Finding Out What Modules Are in Memory MAP When a particular program is often used by several users at the same time the System Operator may arrange to place the program in system memory the area of memory used by AMOS itself and not by any individual user When a program is in system memory all users may use it at the same time and that program does not have to be Loaded into your own memory partition for you to use it which gives you more free memory space To find out what programs are in system memory you can use the SYSTEM command see Section 11 3 Finding Out What Modules Are in System Memory SYSTEM 11 1 LOADING FILES INTO YOUR MEMORY PARTITION LOAD Use the LOAD command to Load a copy of a file into your memory partition NOTE You can load and execu
179. the structure of AMOS refer to the System Operator s Information section of the AM 100 documentation packet and the manual titled Introduction to AMOS AMOS Operating System Collection of programs that handle allocation of system resources disk read and write operations data transfer between your terminal and the system etc I Oversees the execution of cm cam cam a an am panon E SETH SOS a t Text Processors Language Processors System Programs VUE TXTFMT e g BASIC Pascal COPY RENAME EDIT etc i DIR etc Oversees the execution of i The program you create BASIC program Pascal program etc COMMUNICATING WITH AMOS 7 Page 3 2 3 1 PROMPT AND CURSOR SYMBOLS When you see the AMOS prompt a dot on the left hand side of your terminal display you know that the system is up and running you may now begin to enter instructions to AMOS At this point we say that you are at AMOS command level that is that you are communicating directly with the operating system At other times you may see other prompt symbols that indicate that you are communicating with a program that AMOS is executing For example when you use the text editing program EDIT you see the EDIT prompt symbol At that point you must enter commands that EDIT understands When you exit that program you are again at AMOS command level you see the AMOS prompt again The various prompt symbols serve to remind yo
180. tion about accounts other than your own and to locate specific files by account COMMAND SYNTAX aDIR Clistfilespec filespeci filespecN switch switch Y COMMAND DEFAULTS The default listfilespec is a filename and extension of DIRECT LST and the account and device you are logged into The default filespec is a filename and extension of x x and the device and account you are logged into The default switches are WIDE 1 NOBASE THE WILDCARD FILE COMMANDS Page 9 8 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS You can use DIR to perform the same functions as the MAP and SYSTEM commands see Section 9 2 7 DIR and Special and Ersatz Devices 9 2 1 Finding Out What Files Are in Your Account For the purposes of this example let s say that you are logged into account 100 1 on DSK1 Type DIR followed by a RETURN DIR SCHED BAK 14 DSK1 C100 11 SCHED TXT 15 PARTNO BAS 8 PARTNO RUN 6 TEST MAC 12 Total of 5 files in 55 blocks Remember that you can use Control S to freeze the screen display if you have so many files in your account that DIR cannot List them all on one screen page Use a Control to release the screen display The directory you see is the directory of the account into which you are currently logged In this case you see a list of all of the files in your account The right hand of the display tells you which account directory you are seeing DSK1 100 11 The left hand of the display lists all of the files
181. to move backward a Control L to move forward a Control K to move up and a Control J to move down A QUICK DEMO OF SYSTEM USE Page 474 When you reach the line containing the word you want to erase move the cursor forward or backward until it is on the left most character of the word you are going to erase Type a Control D The first Letter of the word disappears You can type more Control Ds to delete one character at a time you can type a Control VY to remove all characters to the right of the cursor up to the next space or you can type a Control Y to remove all characters to the right of the cursor up to the end of the line 4 2 2 Inserting Characters You can now add a new word by just typing however this writes over the words already on the Line You can insert a word by typing a group of Control Fs which inserts spaces and then typing the word over the spaces Or you can insert a word by typing a Control which tells VUE NOT to overwrite characters already on the Line and then typing the word you want to insert When you finish typing the word type a Control Q again otherwise you will remain in this mode and will not be able to overwrite characters A Controi places you into characterrinsert mode if you are not already in it or removes you from that mode if you are 4 2 3 Leaving VUE When you are done experimenting type an Escape to enter command mode You can re enter editing mode by typing another Escape
182. tor for help APPEND DKS3 TOTAL TXT DSK3 PART1 TXT DSK3 PART2 TXT Q CANNOT INIT DKS3 DEVICE DOES NOT EXIST 3 LCANNOT OPEN filespec DEVICE NOT MOUNTED The device you ve specified is a legal system device but it is not mounted Use the MOUNT command Now try appending again 4 CANNOT OPEN filespec FILE TYPE MISMATCH You can only use APPEND on sequential files You will see this message if you try to use APPEND on random files 5 FILE SPECIFICATION ERROR APPEND didn t understand the form of your command line APPEND 2 FILE SPECIFICATION ERROR Retype the command line 10 3 SORTING A FILE SORT Use the SORT command to alphabetically and numerically sort the data in a text file For example suppose you have a file that contains a list of customer names addresses phone numbers and dates of last purchase Each Line in your file contains this information for one customer A line the ni a characters between two carriage returns is called a logical record 0 MORE FILE COMMANDS Page 10 5 You may want to rearrange the file so that the records are ordered by state with the record containing information about Smith s Pharmaceuticals of Alabama appearing first in the file and the record containing information about A8B Food Services of Rhode Island appearing Last SORT allows you to choose the item called the key in the record on which to base the sort and it allows you to sort on three different keys
183. u of the program with whom you are communicating Remember to enter AMOS commands you must be at AMOS command level If you are using a CRT terminal alongside of the prompt you also see a symbol called the cursor The cursor may be a small white rectangle a triangle a blinking Line etc depending on the type of terminal you have The cursor always marks your current screen position Any characters that you type appear at that position on the screen As you type the cursor moves as the new characters appear on the screen 3 2 THE KEYBOARD The first step in communicating with AMOS is to be able to type your instructions on the terminal keyboard The keyboard is very similar to that of a standard typewriter but you will find a few extra keys that have special functions Take a moment to look at the keyboard of your terminal so that you can easily locate these keys later 1 RETURN sometimes Labeled RET RETURN is the carriage return key Just as you type a carriage return on a typewriter to begin a new line on the page a RETURN tells the system that you are ending a line of input and that you want to begin a new line AMOS will not process an instruction from you until you type a RETURN to let it know that you are finished with that Line 2 RUB sometimes labeled DEL DELETE or RUBOUT RUB js the deletion key it backspaces AND deletes If you make a mistake while typing an instruction to AMOS you can erase errors by using the R
184. u use DIR to create a file containing a directory listing THE WILDCARD FILE COMMANDS Page 9 14 DIR will not create the new file if a file with the same specifications already exists on the disk Use the K switch to tell DIR to destroy any existing file whose specifications match those of your new file DIR K ADIRCT LST 110 4 Y The K switch is an operation switch WIDE OPTION As you increase the number of files in your account you will often find that a directory display overflows your screen So that you can inspect the listing at your Leisure you may either use Control S and Control or you can use the W option The W in option tells DIR to arrange your directory listing in several columns The number of columns the number that follows the colon For example DIR 100 13 4 2 Y AMSO 100 13 ME U BAS 15 ALOAD BAS 20 MDOC TXT 43 SACCNT BAS 14 FF po Total of 5 files in 93 blocks produces a tworcolumn directory display If you omit the colon and number after the W DIR assumes that you want a directory listing of four columns Four columns is the default because it makes for a nice screen display DIR W TXT D DSK1 110 3 HEADER TXT 13 MINE TXT 12 INTRO TXT 8 OUTLIN TXT 23 START TXT 4 TEST TXT 2 TURNI TXT 6 AFILE TXT 5 Total of 8 files in 73 blocks The W switch is an operation switch HASH OPTION It often happens that as you develop a program or a document you have several different versions of
185. ures automatically every time you log into an account e g erase all backup files create a directory listing for that account etc If it is to be executed when you log into the account the command file MUST be named START CMD We discuss command files in great detail what they are how to build them and what kinds of system commands may be included in them in Chapter 8 Command Files and DO Files 5 3 5 System Mail When you first log into the system but NOT when you use LOG to transfer between accounts LOG checks the file in DSKU 7 2 named MAIL JNK If such a file exists the system prints the first line of the file on your terminal display This is one way that information of interest to all users of the system can be made available to each user as he or she logs into the system LOG 200 56 Y Check with Mr Smith for info on changes in state tax tables You can use one of the system text editors to create and change the MAIL JNK file 5 4 LOGGING OFF THE SYSTEM When you are through using the system tell AMOS so by using the LOGOFF command 2LOGOFF Y User 140 3 logged off Whenever you leave your terminal for an extended period it is a wise idea to log off this prevents unauthorized users from sitting down at your terminal and using the files that your account can access i CHAPTER 6 IDENTIFYING FILES TO AMOS One of the things that you will be doing most often on the AMOS system is dealing with disk fil
186. use SET to set the form mounted on a specific printer and SET does not recognize the printer s name you see Printer not found For example SET FORMS PRNTR4 TAXTBL Printer not found The command above tried to associate the form type TAXTBL with the printer PRNTR4 SET was not able to find PRNTR4 Check with the System Operator for a list of printers set up for Line printer spooler use 12 3 FINDING OUT WHAT DEVICES ARE ON THE SYSTEM DEVTBL To see what devices your system is set up to use type DEVTBL and a RETURN Changed 15 October 1979 SYSTEM INFORMATION COMMANDS Page 12 5 sDEVTBL Q DSKO SHARABLE DSK1 SHARABLE STDO SHARABLE STO SHARABLE RESO SHARABLE MEMO C SHARABLE IRMO SHARABLE MIMO The devices marked as SHARABLE are those which more than one user can access at a time e g a disk or memory nonsharable devices are those devices that cannot be shared e g a paper tape punch or a printer To find out which devices are mounted and ready to use use the SYSTAT command see Section 12 1 The System Status Command SYSTAT 12 4 FINDING OUT THE NAME OF YOUR JOB JOBS If you wish to use the SEND command see Section 12 5 Sending Messages to Other Jobs SEND each user on the system will need to know the name of his job You will also want to know your job name if you want to interpret the SYSTAT display mentioned above To find out your job name type JOBS and a RETURN JOBS 2 YOUR JO
187. ve more than one PRG CMD or DO file of the same name in different accounts and you want to know which file AMOS is going to find first if you enter just the filename If AMOS cannot find the program or command file specified by a command you see your input repeated back to you enclosed in question marks 2CREATE 2VUEW Enter the command again checking to make sure that your spelling is correct 7 1 COMMAND SYNTAX The syntax of a command is its proper form At the front of each command description in the chapters that follow you will see a line that says COMMAND SYNTAX Beneath this is a Line that illustrates the syntax to follow when you enter a command Line containing that command For example COMMAND SYNTAX DIR tlistfilespec filespect filespecN switcht switch 9 Below is a discussion of some of the symbols that you may see in such an example 1 At the start of every command Line you see the AMOS prompt Cas this indicates that you must enter every AMOS command while at AMOS command level 2 The phrase filespec indicates a file specification e g DSKU CHNG BAS 100 2J Filespec1 indicates the first file specification filespecN means the Nth file specification For example COMMAND filespect filespecN tells you that the command expects a list of filespecs 1 through N 3 The 13 symbols indicate the optional elements of the command Line For example COMMAND filespec 2
188. ver terminals you are going to be using If your terminal has a REMOTE LOCAL switch turn the switch toward REMOTE If you are going to be using a printer turn it on If it has a REMOTE LOCAL switch turn the switch toward REMOTE If it has an ONLINE button or switch turn it to ONLINE You may turn the terminals or printer on and off at any time before or after system start up NOTE As a general rule remember that disk drives are the Last Comon of the system to be powered up and the first item to be shut off TURNING THE SYSTEM ON AND OFF Page 2 2 Now If you have a hard disk based system that is the programs that comprise AMOS reside on a hard disk drive 1 Holding down the RESET button turn on the power to your computer In most cases the RESET button is on the computer s front panel 2 Turn on the power to the disk drives If your disk has a removable cartridge make sure that the cartridge in the drive is the one that you want to use if it is not you may change it at this time following the instructions supplied with your drive Also see Section 2 3 Changing Disk Cartridges and Floppy Disks Now perform the steps needed to get the drives up and ready follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer of your disk drive For example in the case of the CDC Hawk Drive the disk used with the AM 500 Hard Disk Controller you must push the START STOP button When the light behind the READY button comes
189. which case it will place your request into the queue of the printer that has the fewest number of disk blocks waiting to be printed When a printer becomes available the request at the head of the queue is acted upon and the spooler prints the file specified by that request The queue operates on a first come first served basis that is files are printed in the same order as their corresponding requests in the queue COMMAND SYNTAX PRINT tprinterspec infilespeci infilespecNi switcht swit ch gt COMMAND DEFAULTS The default infilespec is the account and device you are Logged into an extension of LST and a null filename The default printspec is that printer with the least number of blocks currently in the printer queue The default switches are set by the System Operator when he or she initially sets up the line printer spooler to run on your particular system check with the System Operator for a list of the switch defaults THE WILDCARD FILE COMMANDS Page 9 38 9 6 1 Sending a File to a Printer To send a file to a printer type PRINT the specification of the file you want to print and a RETURN 2PRINT ARCTGT TXT 2 If only one printer has been set up for spooler use the print request will enter that printer s queue if you have more than one printer defined on the system your request will enter the queue of the printer that has the fewest number of file blocks waiting to be printed If you want to send a fil
190. with a RETURN COMMENT CHARACTER the semicolon symbol marks a comment line which is not processed but is displayed with the rest of the command file if a T is present at the top of the file Na Changed 15 October 1979 5 Naga 3 COMMAND FILES AND DO FILES Page 8 5 Below is a small command file that uses some of these special symbols The command file BACKUP CMD transfers copies of the MAC files in account DSKU 300 1 to account DSK1 300 51 changes the extensions of the files in DSKO 300 5 to OLD to indicate inactive archive files and then erases all backup files in DSK 300 11 lt THIS FILE TRANSFERS ACTIVE MAC FILES FROM DSK1 300 11 TO DSKO 300 5 gt COPY DSK1 300 5J DSK0 x MAC 300 1 RENAME OLD DSK1 MACL300 5 R lt ANSWER Y OR N TO CONFIRM OR ABORT EACH ERASURE OF A BAK FILE gt ERASE DSKO BAK 300 11 QUERY 8 IF YOU WISH TO SEE THE DIRECTORY FOR ACCOUNT DSK1 300 51 TYPE A RETURN OTHERWISE TYPE A CONTROL C gt K DIR DSK1 300 51 Unlike our previous examples the command file above does NOT start with a T that means that the user of the file sees Only the command file messages those characters enclosed with lt gt until the point in the command file where the R appears The R allows the user to see the output of the ERASE and DIR programs The K near the end of the file allows the user of your command file to abort the use of the command file by
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