2 Letters to the Editor 13 Macros for the Forth 3 Real
Contents
1. SAVE KEY INFUT GET VECTOR 071A o7 LIA IMP TAE 4 0710 So 4C 07 i COFY 1 0720 07 LOA 5 O7 CORY 2 GET VECTOR TO GOFY ROUTINE 0726 LIA scCOUFY 0722 07 STA O72B 07 LIA s COFY 0720 07 STA IMF TAB S ADDRESS OF COMMAND STRING EUFFER 0730 20 35 AE JSR 0733 AF 07 STX SAVE 1 0736 07 STY SAVE 2 SET THE FIRST CHARACTER THE STRING 0739 AY zl 1 4E 07 JSR SAVE 07326 SET KEY INPUT VECTOR 5 THE JME TABLE 7 A PY LIA 0740 SD 00 STA IUVTAE 0743 av 07 LOA gt UMPTAE SO 01 oz STA IUVTAE I 0745 gt RETURN THE MONITOR 0745 24 JMF COMIN EIEE IE GE JEJE JE HEHE JE JE JEJE EE ESE JE TE JE 3E JE AE KEY COPY ROUTINE AE HE HEHE JE JE IE HE HEHE EE SESE dE HE 3E 3E COFY A KEY TO THE BUFFER 0746 20 FF FF C FY FFFF jADDRESS OF KEY INPUT GET 074E FF FF SAVE STA gt ADDRESZ ELFFER 0751 EE 07 INC SAVE 1 TO NEXT CELL 0754 DO Oz 0756 EE 50 07 INC SAQVE 2 0759 40 COFEXT RTS Page 15 j TERETE REE EAE HE HE SE FE AE HE IE GE IE HE EE AEE SEE TE TEE FE IE FE IE de 3E FE HERE2. RESTORE NORMAL KEY INFUT AND TERMINATE THE COMMAND STRING j HERE HE RHEE ME ERE ETE HE HE EIE IEEE ERE HERE RESTORE KEY INPUT GET 075A 97 07 RESTOR LOA SYSVEC 0790 50 00 oz STA IOVTAE 0760 Pa o7 SYSVEC 1 0763 01 O STA REMOVE THE LAST 4 KEYS FROM THE i STRING 0766 Az OF LOX 5 0748 AF 07 RESTOL LOA SAVE 1 076E DO 05 RESTOZ O740 CE 07 DEC 7 0770 4F 07 RESTOZ DEC SAVE 0773 LEX Q774 10 EFL RESTOL TERMINATE THE COMMAND STRING Q776 9 2i TERMNZ LIA 7 77 amp 20 AE O7 JSR SAVE 20 4E 07 JER SAVE O77E DISFLAY THE LINKING ADDRESS 077E 20 77 BLANK 0784 07 LOX SAVE 1 07 E F3 JR WRA X i TERMINATE COMMAND STRING FOR POSSIBLE EDITOR 0786 OD LIA 12 07837 20 4E 07 GSR SAVE 0732F AY OO LOA 0 0771 20 07 JSR SAVE 07974 4 34 A3 COMIN 0797 dessa WME TAB 27 O7 AZ END ERR RZizOOOQO b 16 Q amp A the R6651 EDITOR S NOTE This new column will be presenting the most often asked questions that our applications engineers have heard on certain Rockwell products If you have a question on one of our products drop me line and it may get answered here if we feel it is of general enough interest This month we thank Randy Dumse and Joe Hance both of whom are applications
3. 1 75 per box 7 50 PA00 D020 001 Cable Assembly 16 Conductor AIM 65 3 85 PA00 D124 003 Filter Display Assembly AIM 65 2 00 PA00 D125 001 Shield Static 1 50 LL PA00 D134 001 Tear Bar Printer Paper 73 00 PA00 D200 001 Master Board Assembly No Printer No Display No MOS Soldered Components only with exchange of defective board 5 00 cue R2114 11 RAM 3545 R3222 11 ROM Monitor 35 45 LL 223 11 a ROM Monitor 35 00 R3224 11 ROM Assembler 32 50 Lese R3225411 i ROM Basic 2 EOD Saar TI Basie 1 e Minimum Retail Order 10 00 35 00 3298 12 ROM PL 65 1 Paso Texas 35 00 3299 11 1 65 2 ixl 32 80 R32J1 11 ROM Forth 2 Include State Tax 32 50 eie R32J2 11 ROM Forth 1 Include 2 00 Handling Charge 6 95 IROS02 IT tmi CPU Microprocessor 400 6520 11 PIA 40 PIN DIP 6 20 LLL codo R6322 11 s VIA 8 55 R6332 11 RIOT 200 00 eas 03 003 Service Test Board AIM 65 NOTE OTHER PARTS ARE AVAILABLE For information call 714 632 2190 Anaheim California or 800 351 6018 El Paso Texas NEWSLETTER EDITOR ROCKWELL INTERNATIONAL P O Box C 4311 Jamboree Rd Newport Beach CA 92660 Bulk Rate U S POSTAGE RATE Santa Ana Calif PERMIT NO 15
4. APRIL 1982 ISSUE NO 8 If you are trying to interface your computer to the REAL WORLD then you know how different that world is from our familiar digital world We ve included an article on 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 12 Letters to the Editor Real World Interface System Spotlight Error Location in Forth MX80 amp RS 232 Cassette Recorder Interfacing DILINK Dilemma VO Debug on AIM 65 40 Adventure for AIM 65 Board Level Seminars PLEASE NOTE If you received this issue through the mail you are on the INTERACTIVE mailing list and will continue to receive issues of this publication as they are issued page 3 of this issue as an aid in hooking up these two seem ingly diverse worlds We hope to offer more assistance in this area in future issues with your help Macros for the Forth Assembler Command String Creation Q amp A for the R6551 ACIA Verifying a Successful Recording Title Page Printer Designer s Courses AIM 65 Program Exchange A New Case for AIM 65 AIM 65 Spare Parts List where science gets downto business Rockwell International 2 EDITOR S CORNER GOOD VIBES I ve received ALOT of favorable feedback concerning our special FORTH issue 7 One thing I ve noticed about FORTH is that its users are as enthusiastic as early 6502 users partially credit this enthusiasm for the popularity the 6502 enjoys to this day It would be great if FORTH were
5. Faithfully yours Antonio Silva M S E E P E Via Anguissola 23 Milano 20146 Italy Dear Eric Thanks again for all the great work you do for us AIM owners 1 have had much character building trying to get the TTY Output program IN TERACTIVE No 5 p 13 to mn Here are the three problems I ve had 1 It would have been helpful to say the source code should be assembled on tape first The article only told me what NOT to do 2 CR 8D NOT 500 3 The location of the code means an automatic crash when BASIC is initialized because memory locations 200 are changed by BASIC It is much better to locate the machine language subroutine at the upper end of memory i e FDO Then when BASIC is brought up memory is limited to 3534 for 4K AIM 4096 530 32 3534 Yours sincerely Robert P Barrett Asst Prof of Engineering and Computer Science INTERACTIVE 23 A NEW CASE FOR AIM 65 Thought you d be interested in seeing the new case power supply com bination that is now available The enclosure s ABS plastic top has a fine textured non reflective brown finish The aluminum base includes mounting brackets for the AIM 65 and power supply as well as line cord and circuit breaker The enclosure measures 13 x 15 5 x 3 9 The enclosure also includes an on off switch a pushbutton reset switch which mates with the AIM 65 reset switch and is pre wired with internal AC lin
6. will be or have been phased out For more information the phone num ber of IMPACT SERVICES DIVISION is 515 270 3201 Or LETTERS TO THE EDITOR Dear Editor l would like to thank Ken Fullbrook and Michael Chinn for their sug gestions on the use of the Editor with BASIC I have made good use of them My INPUTs to BASIC consist of 2 and 3 fields so I use special flag inputs when I want BASIC to shift gears Also the Editor will be restored to its top line if you PEEK 227 and 228 and POKE to 225 and 226 respectively C M Shaw 169 Rainbow Dr NW Ft Walton Beach FL 32548 Continued on page 20 INTERACTIVE 070 A REAL WORLD INTERFACE Paul Toomey Applications Engr Analog Devices B V Raheen Industrial Estate Limerick Ireland A common task for microcomputers such as the AIM 65 is monitoring analog input signals from transducers This brief note describes an easily constructed 8 channel analog input unit suitable for direct connection to the AIM 65 expansion port Page 3 The heart of the analog input unit is a microprocessor compatible 8 channel 8 bit CMOS data acquisition I C made by Analog Devices The devices contains an 8 bit successive approximation A D converter an 8 channel multiplexer and an 8 bit dual port RAM It continually scans and converts 8 analog inputs in a way that is totally transparent to the microprocessor The user simply treats the device as 8 bytes of read only memory
7. engineers for their help in compiling and an swering these questions What type of crystal do I need to use with the R6551 ACIA To drive just one device use the following type of crystal 1 8432 Mhz series mode 15pf 650 ohm series resistance How do drive more than one R6551 ACIA device from one crystal To drive more than a single ACIA device you need to build an external crystal oscillator The crystal just will not drive more than one input 1 8432 MHZ XTAL SERIES MODE 15 6500 series resistance XTLI R6551 1 XTLI R6551 2 2 2K XTLI R6551 3 XTLI 8655 4 This circuit is identical to the one used on the RM 65 module and can drive up to two R6551 ACIA devices To drive more than two XTLI inputs simply add additional buffering as shown by the dotted lines U1 7404 If I m not using the Data Carrier Detect DCD or Data Set Ready DSR lines in my particular application what should I do with them These two lines DSR and DCD should be tied to ground if you are not using the R6551 with a modem or other device which needs these signals more pe INTERACTIVE mm ae Ree PITT VERIFYING A SUCCESSFUL RECORDING by Dr Lawrence Ezard 2149 Kentwood Dr Lancaster PA 17601 After information from the text buffer has been recorded on cassette tape test should always be made to verify that a successful recording has been obtained and that it will be possib
8. from cassette tape AIM 65 responds with the filename prompt F The operator types the non existent filename DUMMY AIM 65 responds with the tape recorder remote control prompt T The operator responds by typing for remote contro number 1 5 The operator now types the RETURN key If the remote control fea ture is used this will start the tape recorder If the remote control feature is not being used the operator should manually start the tape recorder in the play operation mode 6 a Typing the RETURN key initiates the start of set of instructions which searches for the start of a file recorded on the cassette tape 7 17 b When the first file is found the search message will be displayed If the file named PROG is read AIM 65 will display SRCH BLK XX where XX the block count The block count will change as the tape reading continues c If there are any errors found in the tape recording as the search operation proceeds an error message will be displayed d If the displayed block count is the last block count on the file the displayed block count will not change until a new file is located e If there are no error messages and the last block count is displayed then the tape recording verification operation is complete If the search message is not displayed as the tape is read check the following possibilities a Rewind the tape play the tape and listen to the tape
9. what is de sired entering the editor at the exact point of the error However both words have been included here for the sake of completeness and in the remote event that the second word cannot be used in some particular application 3 4e 6 80 amp RS232 V G O Xerox Corp I found the program UOUT described in the issue No 5 of INTER ACTIVE to be very useful However I wanted to interface the EPSON MX 80 printer to AIM 65 and I had trouble with the printer being too slow to respond to a rather high stream of data sent to it by the AIM The AIM must be able to detect when the printer is ready to accept data and to terminate the transmission when the printer is busy Here is how I solved this problem 12V TK A MAN 5 CTS S 1N4148 4 26 6 DSR 5 8 Y 2 3 1 1 4N26 5 7 2 U 4 22 12 AIM 65 RS 232 INTERFACE Instead of using another handshake line the RXD line pin 2 on the RS 232 connector could be used since the printer does not have anything to send to AIM anyway Pin 2 should be connected to the DTR line of the printer 11 and 20 on EPSON and it will be tested for printer being READY The UOUT program should be modified in such a way that DTR will be tested before the character is sent to the printer If the printer is busy it will loop on the test The addition to the program UOUT is shown on the enclosed listing If you tried the AIM RS 232 inte
10. 2 PRINT ITS TOO SLICK RIGHT NOW RETURN IFR 1THENR 5 GOTO72 IFR gt 2 IFC 2 OTHENR 4 GOTO72 507090 IFS 117HENPRINT NO WAY s RETURN IFQ S Z2RTHENFRINT I SEE NO RETURN IFS 6ANDO 2 lt 2 6THENFRINT YOLU HAVE NO BOTTLE RETURN IFO 2THENPRINT SORRY 3 IS THE LIMIT RETURN PRINT QOkK 0 8 26 0 20 1 IFO 7 QOANDS 46THENPRINT I SEE GOLD 0 7 R RETURN IFS 11THEN1OO IFF 6ANDY lt gt DRO THENS 6 C WATER continued on next page 12 BOARD LEVEL SEMINARS Here is an up to date schedule of one day seminars which will cover Rockwell AIM 65 AIM 65 40 and RM 65 product lines Contact the appropriate person in your area for more information The fee for the seminar will be 15 per person DATE 5 25 82 5 26 82 5 27 82 5 28 92 6 1 82 6 2 82 6 3 82 6 8 82 6 9 82 6 10 82 6 15 82 6 16 82 6 17 82 6 22 82 6 23 82 6 24 82 6 28 82 6 29 82 6 30 82 LOCATION OTTAWA CANADA MONTREAL CANADA CALGARY ALBERTA REGINA SASKATCHEWAN SADDLEBROOK NJ COMMACK NY RICHMOND VA CHICAGO IL MILWAUKEE WI MINNEAPOLIS MN SEATTLE WA PORTLAND OR SUNNYVALE CA HOUSTON TX DALLAS TX PHOENTX AZ SAN DIEGO CA LOS ANGELES CA ORANGE COUNTY CA ROCKWELL REPRESENTATIVE CONTACT MARTY KENT MARTY KENT BILL BISSONNETTE BILL BISSONNETTE PETE FERENTINOS PETE FERENTINOS SHARON BULOVA BRAD HERRING TED CESSOP TW JOHNSON KRISTI SELLERS KRISTI SELLERS LARRY ADAMS
11. 21 Dear Editor After configuring our AIM 65 for current loop operation with a CRT it was frequently necessary to switch back to the AIM keyboard via the KB TTY switch S3 to obtain print out on the AIM printer This method of change over soon became even more inconvenient with the addition of a new plastic case which made the KB TTY switch nearlv inaccessible Our solution was to configure the AIM for software control of this switch The KB TTY switch is a simple single pole switch which either grounds pin 13 of Z32 an R6522 VIA for TTY operation or lets this pin float high for the standard KB operation What we did was to attach one end of a 560 ohm resistor to the PBO pin of the applications connector pin 9 of J1 and connect the other end via a clip lead to the upper contact of the KB TTY switch the one closest to the printer which connects to Z32 If the KB TTY switch is left open KB the status of bit PBO will control the KB TTY operation The 560 ohm resistor protects PBO if the KB TTY switch is closed When the AIM is turned on port B comes up as an input port so that PBO is high and the KB is selected If PBO is configured as an output and forced low the CRT is selected Although this can be done in any programming language we have done it with the two FORTH words CRT and AIM shown below CRT AIM SWITCHES CONTROL RETURNS CONTROL TO TTY AND SETS TO AIM KB AND BAUD RATE AT PRINTER 2400 H
12. CHUCK DAVIS DEBORAH ULRICH DON BULLOCK LOUISE TOUISSANT LOUISE TOUISSANT LOUISE TOUISSANT semences p pia ea INTERACTIVE TELEPHONE NUMBER 416 494 5445 416 494 5445 403 483 6266 403 483 6266 516 360 0940 516 360 0940 703 534 7200 or 800 572 0405 312 297 8862 414 257 2928 612 544 7404 206 454 9699 206 454 9699 408 734 9865 713 524 0528 214 385 8885 602 971 6250 213 478 0183 213 478 0183 213 478 0183 140 IFO S z6THEN130O 145 PRINT YOU HAVE RETURN 150 0 5 020 1 IFS 46THENO 6 2 152 IFS 2THENFPRINT IT 0 2 O TFO 6 6THEND 6 2 0 0 1 155 IFS lt gt 6ANDS lt gt 1 THENRE TURN 160 IFS 1THENFRINT THEY SEEM DRY RETURN 170 IF O 1 lt RTHENRETURN 176 HUGE FLANT GROWS 177 051900 0 69 2 0 19 RETURN 220 IFQOCUS Z gt 222 TFR 30QRR 4THENZ4S IFC 2 GOOD RETURN 230 PRINT THERE IS A LOUD RUM BLE C 2 1 RETURN TO THE CEILING 245 1 BRIDGE AFFEARS C 1 1 RETURN 246 FRINT THE BRIDGE VANISHES C 1 O RETURN 2890 IFOC12 zSANDR XTHENZ64O 255 TO 050 RETURN 260 TFO 7 GANDO0 9 64ND0 11 6THENS4G2 261 PRINT YOU DON T HAVE ALL THE TREASURE RETURN more IERACTIVE MACROS for the FORTH Assembler I m go
13. CTIVE eA 8 Now using this vector display the device JMP table M F062 FO6A 4C 6E FO 4C 63 F9 4C 6E Ln Lc Ln FO 4C 5E F5 18 60 4C 17 1 7 Copy the operand of the first JMP into the JMP to OPEN at 74 753 M 074A 074A 4C FF 4C 00 07 4 FF L L L 6E FO Next copy the operand of the second JMP into the subroutine call at 700 726 M 0700 0700 20 FF FF 8D FF FF 08 EE 63 F9 And finally copy the operand of the third JMP into the JMP to CLOSE at 750 759 0750 0750 4C FF FF 4C FF FF 4C 26L L L amp 6E F0 When you are ready to begin the copy process execute the program located at 711 735 This will ask you for the starting address of the copy buffer and will link the trace program into the MONITOR A COLD RESET is required to restore normal operation Now get out there 071C 04 02 05 02 Using this address obtain the vector of the device JMP table and remove all of those nasty BUGS M 02 04 62 FO 8B FO 56 FO 9D FO b V 0726 8D FF TRACOT STA MEMORY 0729 EE 27 07 INC TRACOT 1 072C DO O3 BNE 1 O72E EE 28 07 INC TRACOT 2 0731 28 TRACOL PLP 0732 4 FF FF JMP PUT 0735 20 35 AE SETOUT JSR FROMX 0738 27 07 STX TRACOT 1 073B 28 07 STY TRACOT 2 073E 49 53 LDA lt TABOUT 0740 FE FF STA OUTVEC 0743 9 O7 LDA gt TABOUT 0745 FF STA OUTVEC 1 0748 00 0749 EA STEP TO NEXT CELL
14. EX HEX FF A002 C 960 BAUD FF A000 C FF A002 00 A000 The word CRT sets the baud rate sets port B as an output port by loading its Data Direction Register DDR with ones and sets PBO to low The baud rate which is 960 hex 2400 decimal in the example may be adjusted by altering the number preceeding BAUD The AIM word con firms the DDR data and sets PBO high If the other bits of port B are to be used for other purposes these words should be rewritten accordingly to OR in the PBO data Sincerely yours D M Gualtieri and J F Ankner Allied Corporation Corporate Technology Box 1021 Morristown New Jersey 07960 morc 22 Dear Sir The article by Mr Ward in issue 7 of Interactive p 24 describing fast loading of Basic Programs via a machine language dump contains several problems Be assured it will work but it records many extra bytes that are not needed and which slow down the ultimate process of loading the program In the method espoused by Mr Ward he advocated recording of the entire zero page and the entire memory area allocated to Basic As not all of the allocated area of Basic is ever used for storage of the program and only a few bytes on zero page are used for Basic this procedure can incur a dramatic increase in the number of blocks it takes to save a pro gram to tape thus resulting in a slower loading of the program than could be achieved A better proce
15. FROM with the address saved from the above termination Now continue with the com mand entry To create a command string which will when it completes start back at the beginning an infinite loop do the following When ready to re peat enter a memory display command of the start of the command string buffer M XXXX ERR Q RENE INTERACTIVE Then do the normal copy mode termination Record the address dis played Then use this address minus 8 to display memory M The byte displayed 4B should then be changed to a 26 amp The string will then be programmed to repeat itself LINKS TO SYSTEM I VECTOR 0200 OSOD COMIN 0334 A6AO FROMX AES5 BLANKZ F 377 OBOD WRAX 200 0700 j 33e HE HERE RETE IE HE IEEE HE HERE AEREHETETE DE AETETETE RE ETE TEE AERE TEHERE ROUTINE TO INITIALIZE THE KEYECARI COPY AND LINE IT INTO THE SYSTEM j AETEAE TEE IE RH EERE HEHE IE HERE KEY INPUT VECTOR 0700 oo oz SETCUF LOA IOVTAE 0703 v7 07 STA ZYZVEC 0706 SS FC VECTOR O708 01 OZ LOA ICVTAB 1 78 07 BTA SYSVEC 1 070E 85 FI STA VECTOR 1 i THE KEY INPUT JMF TABLE Q710 AQ LOY 5 0714 BL FC LIA VECTOR Y 0714 9 99 07 STA Y 0717 85 0718 10 EFL
16. IT 2D EMIT 2D EMIT THEN DUP THE ADDRESS OF THE LINE POINTER ADD THE DISPLACEMENT GET THE CHARACTER EMIT LOOP DROP THE ADDR OF THE LINE POINTER CR Once the context of the error is known it is usually easy to locate the actual problem The programmer can then exit from FORTH enter the editor using the T command and quickly position to the point of error The word described above has proven itself useful in assisting program mers in quickly locating errors in large programs However some work is still required to leave FORTH enter the editor and position to the error It would be more desirable to actually do all of this with one word The second word described actually exits FORTH and enters the editor at the point of the error more specifically at the line after the error The actual format of the word follows HEX CODE EDIT EA24 JSR F7B9 JMP END CODE A clever observer will note that this is the same code that is executed when the T command is entered minus the part which resets the edi tor s line pointer to the first line As soon as compilation halts due to an error EDIT may be entered to return control to the editor A U command should be entered to position to the line that actually caused the error The error may then be corrected and the program recompiled Of the two the second word seems much more practical than the first It is shorter faster and more closely accomplishes exactly
17. O 2350 GOTO 1050 TERACTIVE Mer T DESIGNER S COURSE The Rockwell R6500 Microcomputer Designer s Course is A five day course 695 tuition includes complete documentation pack age plus either an AIM 65 microcomputer with an assembler or a 300 discount off current price of System 65 microcomputer development system R6500 Designer s School Location Week of Location Week of Anaheim CA May 3 Chicago June 21 June 7 August 9 July 12 October 18 August 9 December 13 September 6 October 4 Dallas TX May 24 November 8 July 26 December 6 October 4 December 6 Marlton May 10 July 12 September 20 November 15 The Rockwell PPS 4 1 Microcomputer Designer s Course is A five day course 625 tuition includes complete documentation pack age plus XPO 1 evaluation module An outline of this course is available upon request TUITION MAY BE PAID BY CHECK MONEY ORDER MAS TER CHARGE OR VISA CREDIT CARD OR IT MAY BE BILLED TO YOUR COMPANY PPS 4 1 Designer s School Contact School Location Applications Engineering D 832 Rockwell International Rockwell International 5001B Greentree P O Box 3669 Executive Campus Rt 73 Anaheim CA 92803 Marlton NJ 08053 PHONE 714 632 3860 PHONE 609 596 0090 TELEX TWX 910 591 1698 TELEX TWX 710 940 1377 Rockwell International Mail Code 417 100 Richardson TX 75080 PHONE 214 996 6500 TELEX TWX 73307 Rockwell International 10700 W Hi
18. Q 33 LDA gt RESET 332E BD 11 01 STA 111 3331 00 BRK 5552 more INTERACTIVE e 700 00 5552 AI RESET LDA lt STORE 3334 85 AC STA 3336 AI 30 LDA gt STORE 3338 85 AD STA 333A LDY 0 333C 84 AA STY SSSE Bi Ac RETN LDA 5540 91 AA STA AA Y 5542 C8 INY 5545 9 BNE RETN 3345 INC 5547 AD INC 3349 AS AB LDA C9 CMP 3 334D DO EF BNE RETN CS4F A no LDX 40 5551 9A TXS 3352 60 RTS 5355 2 Enter BASIC and make the direct command POKE 4 POKE 5 M A USR 0 GOTO S where and are the pointers to the start of the new machine sub routine 0 and 51 in the program attached S is the first line number of your program 3 Running halts at the BRK point and the program is now dumped as follows Sections 0 3 10 111 300 Your original machine language areas The new machine language area YY XX is the BASIC program limit found at pointers 76 75 If YY XX is less 300 then this section is omitted 4 When the program is loaded there is no need to initialise BASIC simply load in the usual way on completion key F2 when your program immediately starts The symbol lt gt appears on the first line You may be interested in a couple of snapshots of AIM65 controlled CNC machine tools Yours faithfully W B Alison Page
19. S IS A LARGE ROOM GOTO49 46 PRINT A VENT IS BLOWING 47 PRINT OBJECTS IN 49 PRINT THERE IS OUT STEAM THE ROOM YOU CANT SEE ANY 50 mr 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 64 65 66 68 70 71 2 74 78 76 78 79 81 32 83 84 85 84 87 ga 9g 90 91 um 94 95 9 97 9g 100 105 110 115 120 25 150 137 Page 11 FORX 1TO12 IFO X lt RTHEN7O IFX amp THENY2X 61 G0T054 ONXGOTOSS 56 57 58 59 6 ONYGOTO41 62 63 64 65 66 SEED GO0TO48 BOTTLE G TO 8 PRINT A MAGIC WAND GOTO48 PRINT A ROCK G60T068 PRINT A LIT LANTERN GOTO amp 8 PRINT WATER GOTO68 FRINT GOLD GOTO68 PRINT SILVER GOTO68 PRINT SAND GOTDO68 FRINT DIAMONDS 60 068 HUGE PLANT L NEXTX IFL OTHENFPRINT NOTHING L O RETURN IFR 30RQ 5 60R0 5 RTHENS7 gt FRINT ITS PITCH BLACK HERE FRINT Y OLU BETTER GET BACK INFUTAS IFRND 1 gt 7THENR 2 0 5 2 GOTO37 PRINT TRY AGAIN GOTO7S gt 1 THEN79 R 2 GOTO72 4THENS2 IFC 1 THENR 3 507072 FRINT A DEEP FISSURE BLOCKS THE WAY RETURN FRINT WRONG WAY RETURN IFRZ2THENR 1 GOTO72 IFRZTSTHEN amp 2 IFC 1 THENR 4 G0TO72 GOTOB1 IFR STHENR 1 G0TOV2 IFR S3THENR 2 G0TO72 4 2 THENFRINT ROCES HAVE BLOCKED THE TUNNEL RETURN R 5 GOTO72 IFR gt 2 9 10 2THENR 2 GOTO7
20. SEND BYTE TO OUTPUT DEVICE GET ADDRESS OF COPY MEMORY SET COPY ADDRESS 5 FFFF FFFE FFFE 0000 0700 0703 0706 0707 070A 070C 070F 0710 0711 0714 0717 O71A 071C O71F 0721 0724 0725 FFFF O74A 0740 0750 0753 0756 0759 075 8D DO EE 28 60 20 BC A9 8D A9 8D 00 4 4 4 4 4 4 ACTI Seat 35 04 5 4 07 00 FF FF 26 FF FF FF 07 07 07 07 07 FF 07 FF INVEC QUIVEC TRACIN TIN TINXT SETIN OUTPUT INPUT OPEN CLOSE TABIN TABOUT r H oponom AE35 amp FFFF 2700 JMP JMP JMP GET MEMORY TIN 1 TINXT TIN 2 FROMX TIN 1 TIN 2 lt TABIN INVEC gt TABIN 1 Page 9 GET BYTE FROM THE INPUT DEVCE NOW COPY IT INTO MEMORY STEP TO NEXT CELL GET ADDRESS OF COPY MEMORY SET STORE MEMORY ADDRESS i SET INPUT VECTOR TO COPY JMP 10 ADVENTURE Michael J Thunquest 1067 East Austin Ave Salt Lake City Utah 84106 EDITOR S NOTE This is really a fun game for you lunch time adven turers I was amazed at how challenging it was for so small a game No I haven t gotten through the whole game yet For all you folks who don t look fo
21. TO 100 175 PRINT NUMBERS 0 7 PLEASE 177 PRINT 178 GOTO 100 180 END X 20 Continued from page 2 Dear Sir You may be interested to learn of an application of the AIM 65 to ma chine tool control I have three systems running where milling machines are fully controlled in all functions A BASIC program performs the sorting of machining data while control of stepping motors acceleration slew deceleration is handled with machine language The purpose of this letter is two fold one is to give details on recording mixed language programs on tape and the recovery from tape with the minimum of key strokes This latter requirement is helpful when rela tively unskilled labour is employed to operate the machines To dump a mixed programme proceed as follows 1 Escape to monitor and verify that the BASIC memory limits at 007F and 0080 are below the lowest machine language area 2 Note the BASIC program limits XX YY at 0075 0076 3 Start the normal dump procedure and answer the FROM prompts as follows FROM TO 0 EA 200 YY XX b b d d etc where a a b b and c c d d are machine language limits To load the program from a cold start it is not necessary to activate BASIC simply use the normal load procedure enter BASIC with 6 and start the program with RUN This brings me to the second object of this letter to ask is there a reverse USR function Or can BASIC be entered a
22. ces Inc Minneapolis Minnesota has an AIM 65 based Microcomputer Control System MCS and some associated hardware that might be of interest to INTERACTIVE readers MI s MCS has 16 input and 16 output channels rated at 30 VDC at 3 amps Each of the I O channels are isolated from the AIM 65 signals and are noise suppressed Originally developed for behavioral research the MCS s first application was controlling feeder and drinking devices stimulus lights and recorder pens while receiving inputs from lip contact drinkometers and levers in Rhesus monkey cages However the system can provide real time control using BASIC lan guage for industrial processing to turn on and off or pulse solenoids and lights to record from DC switches etc The MCS is made up of an AIM 65 microcomputer A65 415 4K RAM plus BASIC plus three boards and a software ROM housed in a single enclosure and weighing only twelve pounds The main addition is the MI DCI interface board with the 16 inputs and 16 outputs An board provides audio cassette jacks an RS232C or 20 ma TTY serial port and internal connections to the DCI An MI J3 board allows for system expansion with the addition of memory boards floppy disk drives and other devices An additional ROM allows real time programming of events and plugs into the assembler socket on the AIM 65 The software is an Interrupt Service Routine ISR which provides 10 millisecond resolution an in
23. con nection with Micro Interfaces and is not making claims or offering war ranties for any M products We are trying to pass on to you information on AIM 65 applications that might prove of interest to INTERACTIVE readers Micro Interface s AIM 65 based Microcomputer Control System MCS in its enclosure right and the MI TB test box left The MCS provides a 32 channel real time control system The test box provides a matching 32 channels XM ERROR LOCATION IN FORTH Stephen McHenry 16783 Beach Blvd Suite 303 Huntington Beach CA 92647 As a development system FORTH offers many advantages to AIM 65 users However some of FORTH s error messages are somewhat terse This is especially true when an undefined reference is found in the pro gram source FORTH s response to this type of error is simply XYZ with no additional assistance to help the user locate the error For small programs this is not usually a problem However when the program under development is reasonably large locating the source of this error can be particularly frustrating since no source listing is generated giving the programmer the context of the word in error and no other clues are given However if the source of the program is located in the memory of the 65 one might reasonably expect that there should be a way of de termining how to access the location where the error occurred 1n ad d
24. ctly as shown including trailing spaces to assure proper printout when playing As soon as you have typed RUN the game has begun Try different commands as though you were really in that situation You ll get the hang of it quite fast even if you ve never been exposed to the Adventure games Good Luck 2 0 6 22 0 12 2 064 5 ROC 4 5 6 7 VEN 15 FIS 16 ny mer NU gu 14 EDL lu FOU 10 5 DRO 6 THR 6 FIL 13 EMP 6 PLA 6 8 11 DATA WAT 14 CLI 9 LOO 10 FLU 11 FIN 12 JUM 12 2 SsO0 F O0 B i 4 Ui M mMe1 INPUTAS 14 FORX 1TOLEN A IFMIDS X 1 22 THEN 7 16 RS LEFT CAS X 1 sCH RIGHTS AS LEN AS 17 NEXTX IFE THENEB Aa Ct 19 Y LEFT 3 Z8 LEFT 3 20 FORX 17014 READDS D IFD Z THENS D 22 NEXTX 24 FORX 1TO21 READDS D IFD Y THENF D RESTORE 25 MEXTX FRINT YOU CANT RESTORE GOTO12 28 PRINT YOU CANT A RESTORE GOTO12 50 IFFZ7THENFZF 7 GOTO34 ONFGOSUB77 82 97 92 100 135 S3 GOTO12 34 ONFGOSUBS2O 250 265 290 275 280 285 12 27 NRGOTO38 40 41 42 39 58 IS THE PIRTAES ROO0M GOTOA49 59 PRINT YOURE IN THE MYSTERYROOM GOTOS20 40 PRINT YOU ARE FOOL OFWATER GOTO49 41 FRINT AN ESCAPE HOLE 15 44 IFC C2 OTHEN4SS HIGH ABOVE YOU 50710249 45 PRINT THI
25. dure is to exit to the monitor and examine memory locations 0073 to 0076 which contain in least significant most significant order the start of Basic 0073 0074 and the end of the Basic Program 0075 0076 Now dump in machine language format loca tions 0073 to 007 which locations contain all the needed Basic pointers The AIM will ask if you have more to dump at which point you instruct it to dump from the start of Basic obtained in locations 73 and 74 to the end of the Basic Program from locations 75 and 76 The computer now dumps only the Basic Program to tape and no unnecessary blocks are dumped To read back in the program enter and initialize Basic then exit to the monitor Load the program with the L command and when finished loading type G and RUN and you are up and running your Basic Program This method of loading and saving Basic programs can save up to 2596 or more time than Mr Ward s method I hope this improvement is found useful by the readership Sincerely John S Wahlquist 1643 N Formosa Ave 4 Los Angeles CA 90046 Dear Sirs l hope that the following little routine will be useful for AIM 65 users This routine converts a 4 digit Hex binary number in its BCD repre sentation in a format convenient for output via the monitor output rou tines If BCDBUF and HEXBUF are located 0 it is fully relo catable and is only 31 bytes long LDA 0 LDX 2 CLEAR STA BCDBUF X clear BCD bu
26. e following program is a 90 degree variation on the Banner Program published on page 15 of Interactive issue number 2 1000 REM TITLE PRINTER 1001 REM BY C M SHAW 22 DEC 1981 1002 REM DESIGNED FOR 8 5 BY 11 INCH FAPER 1003 REM 80 COLUMNS AND 6 LINES FER INCH 1004 REM END TEXT WITH END IF LESS 1005 REM SIX LINES 1050 DIML B L 1 1110 INPUT HORZ CENTERING7 Y OR 1120 INPUT VERT CENTERING Y OR 1150 INFPUT TEXT sL O 1200 IFL 0 ENDS GOTO1400 1250 TFLEN L 0 gt 13 GOTO2150 1300 L L L 0 sL tL 1 sIFL 7 GOTOZ200 1350 GOTO 1150 1400 L L 1 1401 BL 0 IFV N GOTO1450 1405 AL L 7 SL 54 AL BL INT SL L 1 1450 PRINT CHR 50 REM ENABLE PRINTER 1500 FORLF 1TOL LN LEN L CL P 0 2 MK 1 1555 IF BL O GOTO 1575 1560 FOR LR 1TOBL PFRINT NEXT LB 1575 SP INT C13 LN 2 1600 FOR 1 07 IFH N GOTO1450 1605 IF LN 13 GOTO 1450 1610 FOR PS 1TO SP PRINT NEXTPS 1650 FOR CH 1TOLN 1700 B ASC MIDS L LP CH 1 IFB gt 43 THEN B B 64 1750 CO 62177 1800 FORCL 1 TO S5 P 1850 IF PEEK COB CO ANDMK THEN 1900 FRINTF CO CO 64 1950 NEXT CL PRINT CH PRINT 2000 2050 LP 2100 FRINT 1 REM DISABLE FRINTER x 2150 PRINT REDO LINE 5L GOTO 1150 2200 PRINT FULL READY TO PRINT 2250 GETUS IF S Y GOTO 1400 2300 IFU z N GOTO Z2S
27. e more ex pensive models For example our E Cheapo recorder caused many error messages when the AIM was trying to read back the tape Apparently others are also experiencing problems as mentioned in INTERACTIVE Issue No 4 In solving our play back problem several items of possible interest to readers of INTERACTIVE were discovered and of greater importance a simple circuit modification can substantially reduce data transfer errors and other recorder problems The input to the recorder MIC is approximately a square wave of fre quency 1200 or 2400 Hz as described in Appendix F of the User s Guide However the output from the recorder EAR bears no resemblance to a square wave This is basically because the recorder was not designed to transmit the many Fourier frequencies in a square wave For example our G E recorder transmits only the fundamental frequency of the 2400 Hz signal The 7200 Hz and higher harmonic frequencies are all se verely attenuated even when the treble is at its highest Unfortunately our El Cheapo recorder had a better high frequency response and trans mitted 7200 Hz The transmission of these higher frequencies caused an undesirable ripple structure in the output signal Occasionally if this structure becomes noisy it can be interpreted by the AIM circuitry as extraneous error pulse Unfortunately no easy way was found to reshape the output signal to avoid this problem However a simple so lution
28. each byte contains the conversion data for one analog input channel All of the control signals required are available at the AIM 65 J3 expan sion port The spare chip select CS8 is gated with R W to select the AD7581 Address lines AO Al and A2 address one of the 8 locations within the AD7581 corresponding to the 8 analog input channels When selected the AD7581 puts the conversion data for the addressed channel onto the data bus by enabling its three state data outputs Thus the AD7581 resides at memory locations 8000H to 8007H or in decimal 32768 to 32775 The rate at which the analog inputs are multiplexed and Continued on page 19 5v a R W CHANNEL 02 3 6 AIM 65 AO 4 5 0 10 EXPANSION i VANALOG SOCKET ke al AD7581 INPUTS A1 6 3 D7 7 2 1 8 1 DB7 DBO H 52 3 9 VREF 10 GND EDITOR S NOTE I ve got this AID converter running my system and am really impressed with its performance Just read it like any other memory location and the data is there No special loops or delays needed Neato I took the liberty of modifying Mr Toomey s program slightly substituting a voltage reference chip that seemed to be more readily available VOLTAGE 12 REFERENCE 581 10 3 1 2K 1210 15 AIM 65 8 CHANNEL ANALOG INPUT 4 SYSTEM SPOTLIGHT AIM 65 BASED SYSTEM PROVIDES REAL TIME CONTROL WITH 32 CHANNELS Micro Interfa
29. ectly to the edge connector between the AIM output pin L and ground pin 1 Installation of this capacitor has several advantages other than reducing false pulses The circuit is no longer as sensitive to the volume control setting and works well over a much wider range of volume settings Also the Y N test program in Section 9 1 4 of the User s Guide works well which it did not do before It appears that this simple addition of an integrating capacitor will help solve many tape read back problems EDITOR S NOTE This method solved the problem one AIM 65 user was having trving to read KIM 1 tapes ue 8 DEBUG THE AIM 65 40 Jim Thompson Rockwell International Trying to debug a program which transmits data to or from an external device is sometimes very difficult This may be due to the effort required to access the data or the data may even be lost due to program mal function To aid in tracking this data transfer the following programs were created to copy into memory each byte as it is transfered The fol lowing description of operation is valid for either the input or output routines Locate the address of the input output vector of the device to be traced in the I O vector table located at 0200 For the device S 0204 0206 Put this address into the instructions located at 71C 740 and 721 745 8 FE FF A9 07 8D FF FF INTERA
30. eds to separate the key strokes from the characters output from the monitor program To aid the user a program has been written to copy into a command string every key stroke used in a program sequence The creation program is in three parts initialization of the copy mode termination of the copy mode and the copy routine itself When the user is ready to start the creation of the string he should enter the following G 700 FROM XXXX key strokes following this entry will be placed into memory starting at the address given in reply to the FROM prompt No test is made on the length of the command string length so the user should allow sufficient memory for the command string To terminate the copy of the key board input in to the command string enter the following G O75A CR the address must be 4 characters This will restore the key input status to that prior to the enabling of the copy program The command string may now be executed with the mon itor command amp Special operations such as MANUAL ENTRY and SELF REPEAT ING may be performed To allow for a MANUAL ENTRY of variable data within the command string terminate the copy mode as de scribed above at the point where manual entry is required Record the address output on the display and then do the manual operation When ready to resume the copying of the key board entries execute the com mand string start program and respond to the prompt
31. es Removable plugs in the cover allow access to the AIM 65 run single step and KB TTY switches An external holder for the thermal printer s paper supply allows easy paper replacement without cover removal The regulated power supply which is supplied only with the enclosure provides 5V at 3 amperes and 24 at 0 5 amperes The enclosure with power supply Model A65 006 has a retail list price of 165 Without the power supply Model A65 002 the enclosure is 95 Quantity discounts are offered The new enclosure is available through Hamilton Avnet and al other franchised AIM 65 distributors as well as many computer store dealers worldwide AIM 65 SPARE PARTS LIST EDITOR S NOTE This is an abbreviated spare parts list For a complete list of spare parts see our OEM price list Retail Price Part Number Description 74 70 208R02 001 _ Thermal Printer 13 00 e LL 208 02 010 Print Head Thermal Printer 29 25 segment 210R12 001 Display Module Intensity Code A B C D E 5 00 29650N30 001 Manual R6500 Programming 9 00 29650N31 001 Manual R6500 Hardware 5 00 29650N36 001 Manual AIM 65 USER s 5 00 29650N36 002 Manual Monitor Program Listing 1 00 29650N50 001 Reference Card 1 00 29650N5 1 001 Summary Card 73 80 322R04 001 Keyboard Assembly 54 Key 3 50 box of 3 55201 001 TT270 Thermal Printing Paper 10 boxes
32. esn t it The idea came from Charles Curley one of the software types here at Rockwell Quite powerful This tech nique can of course be used for lots of other things than just a method for calling subroutines New 6502 op codes can be written such as CLA clear Accumulator and FVO ports can be initialized with one word The possibilities are endless 262 TFOC10 lt 2 1 OTHENZOG 265 FRINT YOU DIDNT BLOCK THE 0 7 1 0 991 0 119 264 PRINT TREASURES GONE 050 3 RETURN 269 GOTOS7 266 Pzl113S5 Mx2 PRINT SFRINT YOU SCORED Fs 71000 END 275 IFR 1ORR 20RY8 lt 1 TRY RETURN 276 IFR 4THEN 77 277 IFR 3THENBZ 280 GOTOLOO 5 8 6 GOTO1z5 4 6THENZOO IFRS PRINT THE STEAM CLEARS GOTO49 PRINT YOU LACK WHATS NEED ED z RETURN 2 1 0 9 4 0 11 4 0 0 1 0 4 20 BATAY IF 007 6 7 2 0 0 BATS GRAB YOUR IFRND 1 gt SOMEONE IS WATCHING YOU GOL D 14 COMMAND STRING CREATION FOR THE AIM 65 40 Jim Thompson Rockwell International The AIM 65 40 monitor command amp execute command string allows the user to repeat a long sequence of commands with a minimum number of key strokes The creation of a string of command characters from a printed listing may not be easy as the user ne
33. ffer 3 bytes DEX BPL CLEAR SED set Decimal Mode LDY 16 number of bits NEXT LDX 2 sload number of BCD bytes 1 ROL HEXBUF 1 shift left Hex number INTERACTIVE ROL HEXBUF LDA BCDBUF X ADC BCDBUF X add BCD buffer to itself STA BCDBUF X and load carry with MSB ADDEC including carry DEX BPL ADDEC DEY buffer scanning complete BNE NEXT no push out next bit BRK yes conversion complete This algorithm well known by computer people operates on a very sim ple basis The BCD buffer is originally reset to all Os then the bits in the Hex buffer are shifted into the carry flag sequentially MSB first At each iteration the BCD buffer is added to itself IN DECIMAL in cluding the carry that will be 0 or according to the bit pushed out of the Hex buffer In the next iteration the MSB of the Hex buffer now part of the BCD buffer will then be multiplied by 2 and the bit im mediately following it in the Hex buffer will be added to the BCD buffer as is At the end of the procedure the MSB of the Hex buffer will have been multiplied by two 15 times or by 2 5 the bit following it by 214 and so on down to the LSB of the Hex buffer that will have simply been added to the BCD buffer in the last iteration This way every bit in the Hex buffer is multiplied by its own weight but in decimal This routine is especially useful in real time control systems because of its fixed execution time
34. ggins Rd Suite 102 Rosemont 1L 60018 PHONE 312 297 8862 TELEX TWX 910 233 0179 We can set up courses at your location lt Page 19 AIM 65 PROGRAM EXCHANGE Here s a good way to help increase the number of AIM 65 programs in the world Jim Dantin is providing a clearinghouse of software from various sources Send a S A S E for his information sheet Jim Dantin 1522 Springdale Dr Owensboro KY 42301 a Continued from page 3 converted is determined by the AIM 65 IMHZ 2 clock A complete scan through all channels requires 640 clock cycles i e scan rate 1 56KHZ The 12 to 15 volts power supply for the negative reference may already be available on some AIM systems if not it must be pro vided for externally Simply reading locations 8000H to 8007H produces conversion data for the 8 analog input channels for example the program below uses BASIC PEEK instructions to read and display the data from each channel as its corresponding channel number is operated on the keyboard 10 REMzzumum A 20 REM CHAN A D 21 REM TEST PR G 50 REM P TOOMEY 40 REMrsemm mmm 50 REM 60 REM READS 65 REM FOR CHANNEL 70 REM NUMBER AND 80 REM DISP DATA 90 REM A D ADDRESS 95 REM IS 32768 96 REM 100 GETX 110 IFX O THEN1735 120 IF 7 1 75 150 X VAL X 140 FORDLY 1T0100 141 NEXTDLY 150 NOs 160 PRINTX PEEK 52768 170 GO
35. ing to fill you in on a very powerful technique that can be used with the assembler in your AIM 65 FORTH system bet you didn t know that you could take often used assembly language code sequences and turn them into macros Let s look at the CODE sequence on page 12 14 of the AIM 65 Forth User Manual If you don t have Forth at the moment here s the routine as it s published CODE FORMAT XSA VE STX 8AQ2 JSR XSA VE LDX NEXT JMP END CODE Assume that you have a number of other small code definitions and they all are a machine language subroutine say on a disk F O board and have to save and restore the X register every time since it s used as the data stack pointer We can easily define a macro to save and restore the X register and call a particular subroutine as follows ASSEMBLER DEFINITIONS CALL XSAVE STX JSR XSAVE LDX FORTH DEFINITIONS Page 13 The ASSEMBLER DEFINITIONS informs the system that you wish to add some new definitions to the assembler vocabulary The word CALL when referenced will save X do a JSR to whatever subroutine address is on the stack and then restore X when the program returns from the subroutine The FORTH DEFINITIONS sequence lets the system know that all fur ther definitions will be compiled into the regular FORTH dictionary Now our FORMAT program can be rewritten to take advantage of the CALL macro CODE FORMAT 8A02 CALL NEXT JMP END CODE That really tightens it up do
36. ition since AIM 65 FORTH uses the editor s line pointer as the position to start compilation one might also reasonably expect that this pointer is also used to remember the current line during compilation Thus the line pointer would point to the vicinity of the error when compilation Stops This is in fact exactly what happens Unfortunately the only reentry command provided for the editor is T which automatically positions the line pointer to the top of the source program What is needed is some way to access this information in a meaningful way be fore it is destroyed There are two ways to do this Both methods involve adding a new word as the first word in the source program This word is compiled not to be referenced by any other words in the program but rather to be invoked when compilation fails to aid in determining where the error occurred When program development is complete this word can be removed to make the program smaller The first word prints several lines of context surrounding the error and prints an arrow lt at the end of the line containing the error This is usually sufficient to locate the error in the source The first line and last line printed may only be partial lines the word could be changed to print only complete lines The actual source text for the word follows HEX WHERE CR Page 5 OODF 30 30 SIZE OF CONTEXT DO I l IF Time to Print Arrow 20 EMIT 3C EMIT 3C EM
37. le later to read the information from the cassette tape to the text buffer using the text editor commands The error detection capability during the reading of a file in the search mode operation is used To test the information on cassette tape the verify procedure is as follows 1 a Rewind the cassette tape and position the tape a couple inches or about five counts before the start of the desired file This area of the tape should have nothing recorded on it Although a voice recording is permissible in this area no AIM 65 recorded data is permitted more How do I get the ECHO mode on the R6551 ACIA device working properly To get the ECHO mode operational set bits 2 and 3 of command register to 0 and bit 4 of that register to 1 The RTS output line will be low in the ECHO mode How do I properly initialize the R6551 ACIA device The first thing to do is perform a software reset to the R6551 This is done by writing something to the status register location it doesn t matter what you write since what actually decodes the reset is the proper com bination of register select lines and a low on the read write line Next make sure that bit 0 of the command register is set to 1 This sets the data terminal ready DTR line low and permits the ACIA device to function Then load the control register with the desired value The R6551 ACIA is now ready to send and receive INTERACTIVE b Set the volu
38. me control to maximum and the tone control to max imum treble 2 If remote control operation is being used tum off the cassette tape with the AIM 65 monitor command Set the recorder to PLAY 3 a Re enter the text editor with the T command The top line will be displayed and printed b Position the line pointers to the bottom line using the B command The last line will be displayed and printed c Use the D command to move the line pointer down to the dummy line The word END will be displayed 4 The editor command R is now typed to obtain a pseudo read of the cassette tape information into the text buffer A non existent file name such as DUMMY will be used so that only a search operation not a load operation for a file will be obtained n example of the above operations is shown with operator entries underlined lt Comment AIM 65 Monitor prompt lt T gt Reenter the text editor and display the TOP LINE top line Move the line pointer to dis lt B gt play the last line the text buffer LAST LINE Move down one line to the dummy line lt D gt The print key was pressed to print this END line Use R command to read multiple lt R gt lines of text into text buffer Specify IN T F DUMMY T input from cassette tape filename and remote control number The AIM 65 response to the R command is R a carriage retum in the IN prompt The operator types T to indicate the information is coming
39. nd run with a single key stroke when in monitor May I add that your magazine has proved a most useful extension of the AIM 65 manuals which in themselves are invaluable Yours faithfully W B W Alison Alison Instruments 67 North Quay Great Yarmouth Norfolk England NR30 IJF INTERACTIVE Dear Sir I wrote last week giving a method of dumping a mixed machine lan guage BASIC program to allow loading without the necessity of first initialising BASIC I enquired whether there was a method of entering BASIC straight into the run mode without the usual 6 RUN RET sequence Here is a method 1 Find 354 hex bytes RAM this can be in the BASIC work area or a file area which is later overwritten and enter the appended program 2000 s INSTANT RUN BASIC 2000 STORE 3000 2000 SOME CONVENIENT 2000 IN MEMORY 2000 THIS CAN BE IN 2000 THE BASIC WORK AREA 2000 2000 STORE 300 3300 BA TSX 5501 86 no STX 3303 AQ OO LDY 0 3305 84 AA STY 3307 84 AB STY S309 A9 oo LDA STORE 330B 85 AC STA 5500 A9 50 LDA gt STORE SSOF BS AD STA 3311 AA PAGE LDA AA Y 3313 91 AC STA 3315 Ca INY 5516 DO F9 BNE PAGE 3318 6 AD INC AD 231A AB INC 31C 5 LDA SSIE C9 CMP 3 2320 DO BNE PAGE 5522 A9 AC LDA 4C 3324 OF 01 STA 10F 3327 9 32 LDA lt RESET 5529 8D 10 01 STA 110 S32C A
40. rface described in the Rockwell appli cation note No 230 RS 232 Interface for AIM 65 you might be sur prised to discover that the implementation using the opto coupler does not work for the baud rate higher than 1200 The same apply to the interface described in the issue No 5 titled EASY RS 232C The reason for this is that in the both bases a resistor is used as a pull up for the transistor in the opto coupler and the transition from 12V to 12V is slow If you still want to use the opto coupler and would like to use the baud rate up to 9600 the remedy is shown on the figure I hope the readers will find some use for these items 2000 OUTTY EEA8 2000 CR 2000 LF 0A 2000 NULL 00 2000 DRB A800 2000 UDUT 10A 2000 a U0UT 10 DO 2F WORD START O10C 1 2FDO 2FDO s WAIT FOR DTR TO GQ 2FDO HIGH ON PIN 2 ZFDO 90 19 START 2 2 2 00 STUS BIT DRB 2FDS 70 FB BYS STUS 2F07 48 PLA 2FD8 C9 OD CMP CR 2FDA OC BNE NOTCR 2FDC A9 OA LDA LF 2FDE 20 EE JSR OUTTY 2FE1 A OD LDA CR ZFES 20 A8 EE JSR OUTTY 2FE6 AV OO LDA NULL ZFEB 20 A8 EE NOTCR JSR OUTTY 2FEB 60 RETRN RTS 2FEC END M INTERACTIVE CASSETTE RECORDER INTERFACING Edward B Hale Assoc Prof 102 Physics Bldg University of Miss Rolla Missouri 65401 The AIM 65 does not always interface well with cassette recorders es pecially with El Cheapo lt 30 brands but also with som
41. rther reserves the right to make changes in any products herein without notice NEW LITERATURE AVAILABLE The prices indicated for the following new literature is for cutomers in the U S and Canada All others need to add 2 00 per book 1 00 reference card or schematic for shipping and handling ALL PAY MENTS must be made in U S funds drawn on a U S bank or by U S Postal Money Order U S residents should add their appropriate state sales tax Order No Document Price 283 AIM 65 FORTH Reference Card 2 00 2100 AIM 65 40 Basic Reference Card 2 00 289 AIM 65 40 System Summary Booklet 2 00 280 AIM 65 40 System User s Manual 15 00 297 AIM 65 40 Assembler User s Manual 10 00 299 AIM 65 40 Basic User s Manual 10 00 262 VO ROM Program Listing AIM 65 40 10 00 291 40 Character Display User s Manual AIM 6540 10 00 292 Graphics Printer User s Manual AIM 65 40 10 00 288 Monitor Editor Program Listing AIM 65 40 10 00 290 AIM 65 40 SBC Module Schematic 2 00 D78 AIM 65 40 Microcomputer Data Sheet No Charge RM23 AIM 65 40 Adapter Cable and Buffer Module Data Sheet No Charge COMPAS FOUND After my little notice in the last issue about having trouble locating COMPAS MICROSYSTEMS I received several phone calls and letters Apparently COMPAS has been purchased by the IMPACT SERVICES DIVISION of PIONEER HI BRED INTERNATIONAL According to a copy of an earlier letter I received most of the system level products
42. rward to typing the program in Mike is making tapes available Send him a S A S E for price information Now the exciting adventure series comes to 4K Aim 65 in BASIC This mini version of those exciting games created by Scott Adams provides all the fascination and thrill of their father programs but without their gigantic and confusing data files This game is so action packed that there isn t even room in the program for directions So here they are very simple anyway 1 1 0 12 0 2 1 0 2 1 0 5 DATA SEE 1 2 WAN 3 4 010 5 GOSUEZ7 5 DATA SIL 9 10 DIA b DATA PLA 18 STE 19 B 1 9 DATA CRO 12 CLO 11 At the beginning of the game you have been thrown by forces beyond your control into a dark underground cavern with tunnels leading to other rooms 5 total These rooms contain odd pieces of equipment which will definitely come in very handy to you The object of the game is to escape from the caves using the tools you discover carrying the precious treasures hidden there The fewer the moves it takes you to accomplish this the closer to a perfect score you will attain Use the commands E W N S as directions for moving from cave to cave otherwise use 2 word commands a verb and a noun to accomplish your tasks If you type look you will be shown again the room in which you reside If you are typing the program in by hand be sure to type it exa
43. terrupt driven clock and numerous sub routines that can be called by the user s BASIC program S3 Channel Tast Box Gone eh as o INTERACTIVE A When coupled with all of the AIM 65 features keyboard printer dis play BASIC language ROM RAM proven reliability the MI addi tions make a very versatile control system The system can even be ex panded with the Rockwell RM series of microcomputer boards Micro Interfaces also offers a test box MI TB with 16 outputs LEDs and 16 inputs pushbutton switches and interface cable with connector This can be used to test programs and as a learning aid The boards MI designed to convert the AIM 65 into a contr l system may have some interest in their own right particularly the MI J1 This card connects to the J1 connector on the AIM 65 and provides two audio jacks a 24 pin connector for the microcomputer s VIA signals and an RS232C or 20 ma TTY serial port Current pricing has the MCS including power supplies the AIM 65 the three added boards and software ROM in an enclosure at 1950 The MI TB test box is 150 The MI J1 board fully assembled and tested is 29 95 bare board is 13 95 For more information contact Micro Interfaces Inc PO Box 14520 Minneapolis MN 55414 Or call 612 426 4603 We obtained our in formation from Peter Santi MI s president Just to be sure we want to add that Rockwell International has no
44. to be sure that AIM 65 has recorded something on the tape b Try steps to 6 above again Be sure to set volume and tone controls to maximum lf the tape recorder play operation is started in a section of tape within a file past the file name information stored on the tape the search message will not be displayed Instead the block count will be displayed as part of the command message until the first file name is read For example IN T F DUMMY 1 XX where XX is in the block count The block count may change as the tape play continues d the first record which contains the file name was not suc cessfully recorded on the cassette tape the AIM 65 response will be similar to 7 c above This can happen if the automatic level control on the tape recorder does not react fast enough at the beginning of the recording It could also happen if the remote control switch does not close fast enough In other words AIM 65 sends out the first record to be recorded but the tape recorder does not record the first record properly One possible remedy is to increase the GAP value at A409 from 10 to 40 or 80 If this does not cure the problem the tape recorder head should be cleaned And if this doesn t cure the problem a new tape re corder possibly without automatic level control should be tried mm TITLE PAGE PRINTER C M Shaw 169 Rainbow Dr N W Ft Walton Beach FL 32548 For your line printer Th
45. to become as popular in several years CHANGE OF ADDRESS When you inform us of a change of address PLEASE give us your old address as well as your new address CORRECTIONS TO ISSUE 7 page 12 in the schematic a 1N4001 diode needs to be added so that the cathode is connected to pin 21 of the EPROM socket and the anode is connected to pin 24 of the EPROM socket Also a connection has to made from PB7 of the R6522 to pin 20 of the EPROM socket INSTANT PASCAL MANUAL IN GERMAN I just received word that the AIM 65 Instant Pascal manual has been translated into the German language It is available for DM30 from Hans Joachim Regge Fesenfeld 57 2800 Bremen 1 West Germany Tele phone 0421 71114 abends MAIL ORDER I just received a catalog from Mouser Electronics 11433 Woodside Ave Santee CA 92071 who lists all Rockwell s device and system level products They say that they stock everything they list Their phone number is 714 449 2222 ERIC C REHNKE EDITOR subscription correspondence and articles should be sent to EDITOR INTERACTIVE ROCKWELL INTERNATIONAL BOX 4311 JAMBOREE RD NEWPORT BEACH CA 92660 COPYRIGHT 1982 ROCKWELL INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION Rockwell does not assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any Products circuit or software described herein neither does it convey any license under its patent rights nor the patent rights of others Rockwell fu
46. to the problem was found This poor frequency response may be why the G E recorder works well The solution was based on reshaping the input signal from the AIM into sinusoidal like wave The recorder handled without large distortion sinusoidal waves of both 1200 and 2400 Hz These waves were easily converted by the AIM read in circuitry back to square waves The input signals to the recorder was reshaped by integrating the signal using a capacitor This integration actually produces a round edge tri angular wave which is close enough to sinusoidal for this application oe Page 7 DILINK DILEMMA C M Shaw 169 Rainbow Dr NW Ft Walton Beach FL 32548 When using the Dilink vector A406 A407 and AIM 65 goes off into never never land pressing RESET seldom if ever returns you to the Monitor unless you do the following Prior to changing the Dilink vector change 4402 to something other than 7B Now when you press RESET line 382 of the Monitor program will detect a cold start condition and will reinitialize the Dilink vector to point to Outdis EFOS Ideally your program using the Dilink vector should re initialize A402 low byte of NMIV2 and the Dilink vector when re started to avoid having to reload it If you plan to use the STEP TRACE mode of operation execute a RE SET first to re initialize Dilink and NMIV2 lt gt The capacitor found to work best was 4 7 uf and was soldered dir
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