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RASi3 User`s manual

1. Seber dl he det eus 49 5 71 The definition of an 55810 tenete nter tnnt tnnt tette tenens 49 957 205 T hefeat re of a ODGrator oeste tau cte ee ete ette get eU 49 5 7 3 A relocatable type and constant expression tenente tenens 53 57 4 5 oaa cate eec oc due 55 5 7 5 Operation s e tee ec b Cet n Dd e te e redeas 56 9 8 JADDRESSING S aaa erdt do Page Dua Aa aayqa aun 68 Chapter 1 Introduction 5 94 TLhe dorm ofaddressilig ee cent n rn e bc e ec e e eec 68 5 8 2 The range and addressing check of a value entente tetntetenennnnn 70 5 8 3 The conversion rule of the value at the time of describing a decimal to an immediate operand 76 9 9 RESTRICTION OF A BASIC INSTRUCTION eeeenententtntnnnttnntnnntnnntenntnnntnnninnnas 78 5 9 1 Address register use restrictions 15 2 2 x 2hux5chco kt A 5 9 2 Delay instruction use restrictions tette entente tete 78 5 9 3 Repeat instruction use restrictions tentent tenente tente tte tete tte 78 5 9 4 SAccess to a Stack issan gt 2y2 2NEg amp esnhcCO EU A 5 9 5 Use restrictions of a loop Instruction I tenente tenente trente ttnten teni 79 5 9 6 Use restrictions of an EXIT instruction sees ttn tenente 79 5 97 Use restrictions of a PCS
2. seen tenen teteen neni 10 2 8 FILE SPECIFICATION Eaedem peut teen Hodie 11 2 4 ENVIRONMENT VARIABLE 12 25 MEMORY Gcr ta tend lE ceo Dau ecd celles Lua Hout ERR eda 12 46 ADDRESS SPACE usan occidit edi id deron ta dud 13 3 Chapter Starting of RASIi93 a a 14 3 1 THE DEFAULT AT THE TIME OF FILE 5 1 44 aaa 15 3 2 THE OPERATION METHOD OF 813 iie a 16 3 3 OPTION SPECIFICATION BY A STARTING OPTION DEFINITION FILE 17 3 3 1 The specification method of a starting option definition file 18 3 3 2 The form of a starting option definition file aasan 18 4 Chapter Option p stan rv er RR RE 19 OPTION LIST hatred ndun 19 4 2 THEFEATURE OF EACH OPTION 22 4 2 1 4 22 4 2 3 4 24 4 2 5 4 2 6 4 2 7 4 2 8 1Introduction ELDR PN EE 28 4221102 gt M 28 4211 APW ELE 29 4 2 122 2 ere 30 4213 FDIN D itte tette td 30 42 14 7SDZNSD ERRARE RERO RN NM UU uM 31 LARES 31 32
3. Relnum Relnum Absaddr Reladdr 58 5 7Expression expressio expressio n n Absnum Absnum Relnum Relnum Reladdr Reladdr Relnum Relnum Reladdr Absaddr Relnum Reladdr W6 W6 W6 W6 W6 Reladr Relnum Absaddr Relnum W6 float float Relnum 59 5Language specification Notes 1 If it becomes when a usage type is the same it is set to Absnum and it will be set to Absnum W7 when different Notes 2 When right and left have the same ID it is set to Absnum and in the case of others becomes an error Notes 3 If it becomes when a usage type is the same it is set to Relnum and it will be set to Relnum W7 when different Notes 4 When right and left have the same SEG ID EXT ID and COM ID it is set to Absnum and in the case of others it becomes an error After the operation of num and float changes num to float it is calculated 60 5 7Expression 2 Logical operator EMI Left Right expressio expressi n on Absnum Rsladdr Relnum Absnum Relnum Absar Absaddr Absnum Absnum Reladdr Relnum Rstadar float float Relnum Rsladdr 61 5Language specification type on Relnum Absaddr Absnum Readdr 62 5 7Expression 3 Bit logical operator Expression type Left Right expressio expressio L m n 7
4. 6 9 Condition assembling pseudo instruction If a condition assemble pseudo instruction is used only when certain conditions are satisfied it can control to assemble the arbitrary blocks of a program As a result one Source program can be used for two or more purposes A condition assemble feature is realized by describing a condition assemble pseudo instruction The syntax of a condition assemble pseudo instruction is as follows IFxxx conditional aperand true conditional body ELSE false conditional ENDIF IFxxx indicates one of the next condition assembling pseudo instructions IF IFE IFDEF IFNDEF IFB IFNB conditional aperand is the expression and symbol which give the truth conditions of condition assembling The contents specified as conditional ooerand change with condition assembling pseudo instructions true conditional body and false conditional body indicate the block of a source statement When conditions are truth the statement block of true conditional body is assembled When conditions are false the statement block of true conaltional body is skipped a se conditional body is assembled when there is an ELSE pseudo instruction at this time To true conditional body or false conditional body you may describe a condition assembling pseudo instruction further As for a condition assemble pseudo instruction a maximum of 15 level can nest 6 9 1 IF IFE pseudo instruction Syntax IF expression IFE expr
5. ELSE ENDIF Listing control TITLE Thetitle name of a list file is specified PAGE Form feed specification and PL PW the number of lines of a list file and the number of characters of one line are specified PRN A list fileis outputted NOPRN A list fileis not outputted LIST An assembling list is generated NOLIST An assembling list is not generated SYM A symbol list is generated NOSYM A symbol list is not generated REF A coss reference list is generated NOREF A cross reference list is not generated ERR An error list file is outputted NOERR An error list file is not outputted OBJ An object file is outputted NOOB An file is not outputted Macro definition MACRO A macro symbol is defined LOCAL A local symbol is defined in The head of a the macro body macro body REPT The imperative sentence from REPT to ENDM is repeated by the number of times of specification 81 6Pseudo instruction The imperative sentence from IRP to ENDM is repeated by the number of times of specification In this time a temporary parameter is transposed to a real parameter ENDM The end of macro body is defined EXITM Terminate of macro The inside of a macro body Scope definition SCOPE A scope is defined Optimization GJ MP cc GJ MPD cc It changes into the optimal co
6. about the default when omitting a part of file designation when an operand is omitted Use of a NO option does not create an object file When a O option and a NO option are omitted a print file is created and an object file name becomes what changed the extension of a source file name into 26 4 2The feature of each option A corresponding pseudo instruction Instead of specifying a O option you may describe an OBJ pseudo instruction in a program Moreover you may describe a NOOB pseudo instruction in a program instead of specifying a NO option Priority is given to specification of an option when specifying both an option and a pseudo instruction Please refer to OBJ NOOBJ pseudo instruction about pseudo instruction and a NOOB pseudo instruction Example RASi3 5 OOUTPUT OBJ In this example it is pointing to making of an object file OUTPUT OB RASi3 FOO ASM NO In this example it specifies not creating an object file Supplement O and a NO option cannot be specified concurrently 4 2 7 NC Syntax INC Description When a NC option is specified the capital letter and small letter of an alphabetic character which are used for the symbol are no longer distinguished In this case if spelling of a symbol is the same even if proper use of a capital letter and a small letter differs it will be managed as the same symbol If a NC option is specified RASi3 will be mana
7. YRAM YROM SELY r YRAM 4 Y MOVY r SELY r SETY imm 4 CLRY imm 4 71 5Language specification B ar disp Addressing The range of a Object instruction Usage type Address space value 4 disp With no It does not MODFY cc specification check MOVX r NUMBER SELX imm_4 XROM MOVX r NUMBER SELX r XRAM SETX imm 4 CLRX imm 4 MOVY NUMBER SELY r YRAM NUMBER YRAM TSTY imm 4 MOVY r SELY r SETY imm 4 CLR Y imm 4 72 inm16 Addressing The range of a value Object instruction Usage type 5 8Addressing Address space OFFFFH imm 16 8000 0H OFFFFH MOV AND ANDH A r OR A r ORH A r XOR A r XORH ADD A r ADDH A im2 SUB A r SUBH A im2 A CMPH THRU A THRUH A MAX A r MIN MINH SFUOPI A im2 None NUMBER It does check not 73 5Language specification inm2 imm4 imm 5 imm 6 imm 8 Addressing The range of a Object instruction Usage type Address space value MVSFU A sr SFUOP2 A r im16 imm 4 OFH TSTX ea UMBER It does not TSTY ea check SETX SETY CLR
8. 32 4 2 18 BCODE BPRAM BXRAM BXROM BYRAM 33 5 Chapter Language 35 9 1 5 35 A prosram anda sentence t eec t 35 5 12 Constituent factor iom d an EDT EDO DR UR DH Ue d 35 9 13 The kind of sent n evs ususqa iran rA vc ede 36 51 44 The end Of a program oec cec e Q n eee pe e dtes 37 9 2 CLASSIFICATION AND ATTRIBUTE OF A tnnt 38 5 21 integer type a decimal type and an address type 38 5 22 SY OU Sage type cete sta a a Te e e ER e P aia EP Aoc ee te A te NUS 38 9 39 CONSTAN m 39 5 31 oie e aa 39 5 3 2 Decimal constantis ice nian AAAA sas ASAAN 40 9 9 3 Character constant a iia era 40 5 3 4 Character string Constant oue e tee eer tet 40 94 aaa aina aaah gp 41 5 0 FULLWIDTH CHARACTER dotted iesus teeth dotati tnis 42 9 0 IBYMBOL asocio catches Sana 42 5 6 1 Distinction of an alphabetic character tete nnetenne nens 42 9 6 2 Word ii tee D e e pe e dh pede a petes 42 5 06 92 wlsertsvmbol es cete al MI M E 43 EXPRESSIONG Lina
9. 67 5Language specification 5 8 Addressing Here the range of a value and an addressing check are explained 5 8 1 The form of addressing The table of addressing which can be described to the operand of a basic instruction is Direct page addressing 16bit long iar Adress register indirectness aja Post increment eiie m shown Post decrement Renewal of an index Renewal of the De Dis placement with a mark isp 8 bits diate 2 bits Immediate 4 bits Immediate 5 bits diate 6 bits diate 8 bits Immediate 16 bits disp_13 bit Displacement Conditional execution Register 68 5 8Addressing The register which can be specified as an operand RAORAT RBORBLIAO A1 BO BLLC LE MR MDO GPO GP1 GP2 G P3 PC PPC PCSTK PPCSTK LCSTK LESTK DRO DR1 DR2 DR3 DR4 DR5 DR6 DR7 DROH DR1H DR2H DR3H DR4H DR5H DR6H DR7H DROL DR1L DR2L DR3L DR4L DR5L DR6L DR 7L DROG DR1G DR2G DR3G DR4G DR5G DR6G DR7G The condition identifier which can be specified as an operand Condition The state of a flag identifier N V 0 C Carry Flag N Negative Flag V Overflow Flag L Latched Overflow Flag Z Zero Flag 69 5Language specification 5 8 2 The range of value and addressing check RASi3 performs the following checks to the operand described by the basic instruction The range check of a value The va
10. Absnum Relnum Reladdr float Relnum Relnum Reladdr float Absaddr Relnum Absaddr Absnum W5 Absnum W5 Reladdr float Reladdr Relnum Reladdr float float Relnum Reladdr float 63 5Language specification Expression type Right expression Absaddr Absnum Reladdr float 64 5 7Expression 4 Relational operator Expression type Left Right expressi expressi Reladdr Renum Absnum Absnum Renum Absadd d Absaddr Absnum Relnum Reladdr Reladdr Absnum Relnum Absador ae float float Relnum Absaddr Notes 2 If it becomes when a usage type is the same it is set to Absnum and it will be set to Absnum W7 when different 65 5Language specification 5 Special operator Expressi on type Right expressio n Absnum Absnum Relnum Relnum Relnum Reladdr Reladdr Readdr A Expressio n type Righ expressio n Qn n 0 15 Absnum Relnum Absaddr flaot W4 66 AbsnumW2 Absnum W2 5 7Expression Expression type BITREV expressio expression n1 Absnum Absnum Relnum float Absaddr float W3 Absnum W1 Relnum Reladdr Reladdr Relnum float flat Absnum Wi Relnum Absaddr float W4 Absnum W5 Reladdr float
11. B DEFINE symbol The symbol defined by the DEFINE pseudo instruction is called a DEFINE symbol The character string DEFINE substance of a maximum of 255 characters is assigned to the DEFINE symbol When a DEFINE symbol is described in a statement RASi3 analyzes by displacing a DEFINE symbol to DEFINE substance A DEFINE symbol can be referred to only after a definition Moreover a DEFINE symbol may be contained in DEFINE substance In RASi3 in order to prevent the hang up by refer to the self nesting of DEFINE is restricted to 8 level 5 6Symbol B Temporary symbol 96 is attached to the temporary symbol at the head of a symbol name A temporary symbol can be used only within a code segment Moreover a temporary symbol is defined as a label and referred to as an operand of branch instruction If lt or gt is added when referring to a temporary symbol referring to the back or forward addressing can be chosen and it is possible to register two or more same symbol names It means that lt refers to the temporary symbol of the nearest back and means that gt refers to the temporary symbol of the nearest front Example sym 1 2 JMP gt tmp_sym 3 is referred to JMP mpsym 2 is referred to sym 3 sym 4 5 6 3 3 attribute and usage type of a symbol B Public attribute Although a local symbol cannot be referred to
12. TYPE MXXXXXX as the macro symbol READDCL and defining 1 as the macro symbol ONE it types as follows RASi3 FOO ASM DEFREADDCLzTYPE MXXXXXX DEFONE 4 2 9 V Syntax N Description A N option displays the version information of RASi3 Assembling is not performed when a V option is specified A corresponding pseudo instructi on Thereis no pseudo instruction corresponding to option 4 2 10 PL 28 Syntax PL page length Description A PL option specifies the number of lines of each page of a list file The number of lines of each page is specified as page length with the number of settings This number of lines contains the header of a list file the blank line before and behind that etc The value specified as page length does not have restriction in particular When page length is omitted the number of lines of a pageis set as 60 By the default the number of lines of each page of a list file is set up without any restriction A corresponding pseudo instructi on Instead of specifying a PL option you may describe a PAGE pseudo instruction in a 4 2The feature of each option program The same setup as a PL option can be performed by specifying the number of lines as the 1st operand of a PAGE pseudo instruction Priority is given to specification of an option when specifying both a PAGE pseudo instruction and a PL option Example RASi3 FOO ASM PL 100 In this example the number of lines of
13. reserved word is explained 5 2 1 An integer type a decimal type and an address type A value can be classified into a numerical value type and an address type A numerical value type has integer type and a decimal type An integer type and a decimal type express the mere constant which is not an address Each internal expression is expressed with 32bit without a sign and 64bit with a sign An address type expresses the address on a certain space An address type internal expression is expressed with 32bit with a sign 5 2 2 Usage type A usage type is an attribute expressing the use purpose of a value The kind of usage type and a meaning are shown below XROM The address on a XROM address space YRAM The address on a YRAM address space YROM The address on a YROM address space NUMBER nteger FLOAT Decimal fraction 38 5 3Constant 5 3 Constant The constants which can be managed by RASi3 are an integer constant a fraction constant a character constant and a character string constant Furthermore there are a decimal number a hexadecimal number an octal number and a binary number in an integer constant Constant Integer constant Binary Fraction constant Octal Character constant Decimal Character string constant Hexadecimal 5 3 1 Integer constant An integer constant is expression showing the value of integer
14. 1 Fatal errorimessage sen ee C e ec e D ce td recess 119 8 2 2 Assembling error message eate tete ce e e ens 121 8 23 Warming message tetti eerie ter ie eer ite t er ttes treten 129 8 3 END CODE nun sum aqna edet tet ettet 131 1Introduction 1 Introduction This manual explains the usage of the relocatable assembler RASi3 for OKI original DSP i Core2 and i Core3 RASi3 creates an object file a list file and an error file from the source file described by the assembly language A required system The following environment is required in order to operate RASi3 Hardware IBM PC AT compatible machine and clone machine CPU beyond Pentium 90MHz 64MB or more of memory 10MB or more of hard disk OS Windows2000 and WindowsXp RASi3 is the command line type tool which operates by the command prompt of Windows Related software RASi3 has the following relational software RASI3 RLi3 are generically called MACi3 assembler package CCi3 compiler RLi3Linka DTi3 debugger simulator Related documents The following document other than this manual is attached to RASi3 Please refer to if needed MACi3 TXT The latest information which is not in this manual is described by this file DCLi3 TXT Explanation of the DCL file which RASi3 uses is described by this file RASi3 has a related document in addition to the above mentioned document A related document refers to the hardware man
15. Distinction of an alphabetic character RASi3 does not distinguish the capital letter and small letter of an alphabetic character of a reserved word Although RASi3 distinguishes the capital letter and small letter of a user symbol by a default it does not distinguish when a NC option is specified 5 6 2 Reserved word Since the usage of reserved word was decided beforehand it cannot be redefined as a user symbol Moreover one symbol have two or more kinds of features The feature is explained according to the kind of reserved word below Basic instruction symbol It is a symbol showing the instruction of a target device Pseudo instruction symbol It is a symbol showing the kind of pseudo instruction 42 5 6Symbol Operator symbol It is a symbol with the feature of a operator LONG SHORT INT SIN COS TAN EXP LOG LOG10 SQRT ABS POW BITREV 00 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Q7 Q8 Q9 Q10 Q11 012 013 014 015 Register symbol It is a symbol showing a register or a flag and has a meaning especially by addressing description of a basic instruction P XY YA AOA1 AOL A1L RAORA1 RBO RB1 GPO GP1 IAOIAT1IBOIBICRMRSRISR GRO GR1 AOS 15 MDO MD1 PC PPC PH LCLE PL SCR PCSTK LESTK LCSTK PPCSTK DRO DR1 DR2 DR3 DR4 DR5 DR6 DR7 DROG DR1G DR2G DR3G DR4G DR5G DR6G DR7G DROH DR1H DR2H DR3H DR4H DR5H DR6H DR7H DROL DR1L DR2L DR3L DR4L DR5L DR6L DR7L Instruction auxiliary symbol It is a symbol showing the flag state in a basic instruction et
16. EQU 100 invalid initialization directive The description position of an assembler initial setting pseudo instruction is not right This error is occurred when the instruction which cannot be specified before an assembler initial setting pseudo instruction is descri bed illegal SFR word byte attribute The format of the WORD byte access attribute field in the SFR access attribute definition sentence of a DCL file is wrong illegal SFR bit attribute The format of the bit access attribute field in the SFR access attribute definition sentence of a DCL fileis wrong out of SFR address range The SFR address in the SFR access attribute definition sentence of a DCL file is not contained in the range of the SFR area defined by the SFR keyword misplaced ENDIF directive There is no condition assembling start pseudo instruction IF IFDEF IFNDEF corresponding to an ENDIF pseudo instruction misplaced ELSE directive There is no condition assembling start pseudo instruction IF ENDIF IFNDEF corresponding to an ELSE pseudo instruction unexpected end of filein conditional directive There is no ENDIF pseudo instruction corresponding to a condition assembling start pseudo instruction IF IFDEF IF NDEF This error is always occurred to the line in the end of a program too many conditional directive nesting levels The nesting level of a condition assembling instruction is over 15 too many macro nesting level The level of nesting of
17. The nameis the macro symbol assigned to the macro body In order to call a macro a macro symbol is described to a program If RASi3 detects the macro symbol described in the program it will expand in the statement defined by the macro body The parameter is the formal parameter specified in the case of macro definition and is the symbol which can be used only within the macro body 6 11 1 MACRO pseudo instruction Syntax name MACRO Loarameter Description A MACRO pseudo instruction registers the statements macro body of sequence to an ENDM pseudo instruction as a macro symbol specified as name The parameter is the formal parameter specified in the case of macro definition and is the symbol which can be used only within the macro body In macroscopic expansion it is replaced to the actual parameter specified at the time of a macro call of the formal parameter in the macro body Supplement If the same macro symbol is redefined by a MACRO pseudo instruction the macro symbol defined later becomes available In the macro body you may describe another macro symbol In this case RASi3 performs still more macroscopic replacement in the processing which replaces the first macro The macroscopic nest allowed by the MACRO pseudo instruction the REPT pseudo instruction and an IRP pseudo instruction is a maximum of 24 level 6 11 2 EXITM pseudo instruction Syntax EXITM Description An EXITM pseudo instruction can be us
18. XRAMSEG pseudo instruction When there is no XRAMSEG pseudo instruction before a segment is started from the minimum value of a XRAM address space Supplement The value specified as address must be within the limits of the XRAM address space defined by the DCL file 6 3 4 XROMSEG pseudo instruction Syntax XROMSEG address Description A XROMSEG pseudo instruction declares the start of an absolute XROM segment definition The start address of a logical segment is specified as address The address is the constant expression which does not contain forward reference The value of a location counter is updated by the specified address by address When address is omitted a segment is started from the address following the end address of the absolute segment defined by the last XROMSEG pseudo instruction When there is no XROMSEG pseudo instruction before a segment is started from the minimum value of a XROM 88 6 3Segment control pseudo instruction address space Supplement The value specified as address must be within the limits of the XROM address space defined by the DCL file 6 3 5 YRAMSEG pseudo instruction Syntax YRAMSEG address Description A YRAMSEG pseudo instruction declares the start of an absolute YRAM segment definition The start address of a logical segment is specified as address The address is the constant expression which does not contain forward reference The value of a location counter
19. displayed and pass 2 will be displayed if processing of a pass 2 starts Moreover RASi3 optimizes branch instruction between processing of a pass 1 and a pass 2 Branch optimization will be displayed if this optimization processing starts If the created program has an error an error message will be displayed after that Please refer to 6 9 Error message about an error message After assembling is completed RASi3 displays the following messages and returns to a command prompt List File MAIN prn Object File MAIN obj Error File Console Errors 0 Warnings 0 Lines 100 Assembly End Three lines of the beginning are the name of each created file The generated list file name is displayed on List File the generated object file name is displayed on Object File and the generated error file name usually Console is displayed on Error File The information on an assembling result is displayed following the display of a file name The total of an error is displayed after Errors and the total of warning is displayed after Warnings The number of lines of a source fileis displayed after Lines Reference All the messages that RASi3 displays on a screen are outputted to the standard output device If the redirection feature of DOS is used a message can be outputted to a file 3 3 Option specification by a starting option definition file Instead of describing specification and the option of a source file
20. from an external module it can usually be referred to from an external module by making a public declaration A PUBLIC pseudo instruction is used for this declaration The attribute which can be referred to from an external module is called a public attribute and a public symbol is called for a symbol with a public attribute B Theusage type of a symbol A usage type is given to a symbol at the time of a definition The next table shows the usage type of a symbol according to the definition method The definition method Usage type The usage type of the segment which belongs EQU pseudo instruction The usage type of an operand SEGMENT Segment type specification of an operand pseudo instruction pseudo instruction Note The symbol defined by MACRO and SCOPE pseudo instruction cannot actually be used as an expression although NUMBER is expressed as the usage type of a symbol list 47 5Language specification 5 6 3 4 An absolute symbol and a relocatable symbol 48 In a user symbol the symbol which a value fixes during an assemble is called an absolute symbol and a relocatable symbol is called for the symbol which a value fixes during a link An absolute symbol is defined as follows Constant expression is specified and defined as the operand of EQU and pseudo instruction definition is given as a label which belongs to an absolute segment segment defined by CODESEG PRAMSEG XROMSEG XRAMSEG YRO
21. list Therefore the REF pseudo instruction and the NOREF pseudo instruction have the role of the switch of the output of a cross reference list However generally there is almost no above usage Therefore you may think that a R option creates a cross reference list and a NR option does not create a cross reference list A cross reference list is not created by default A cross reference list is outputted to a list file The contents outputted are explained to the list file Please refer to REF NOREF pseudo instruction about a REF pseudo instruction and a NOREF pseudo instruction A corresponding pseudo instruction The feature of these options a REF pseudo instruction and NOREF pseudo instruction is almost the same However although specification of an option becomes available from the head of a program REF and NOREF are available to the statement after the line which described the pseudo instruction Example When creating and assembling the cross reference list of symbols currently used for source file FOO ASM it types as follows RASi3 FOO ASM R When assembling source file FOO ASM without making of a cross reference list it types as follows RASi3 FOO ASM NR Supplement R and a NR option cannot be specified concurrently 25 4Command Line Option 4 2 5 NE Syntax E error file NE Description A E option directs the output place of an error message to RASi3 If an error file name is spec
22. method which generates one code Moreover such description can be divided into two sentences as follows and can also be described LABEL MNEM OPR 1 MNEM OPR 1 Label A label is an address symbol with the address and the segment attribute of the segment which instruction statement sets A label must be described to a beginning of a sentence and must describe a colon following a label symbol Mnemonic A mnemonic is a reserved word showing the kind of basic instruction Operand An operand is the addressing notation which a mnemonic requires The number and kind of operand were decided according to each basic instruction and may unnecessary Pseudo instruction statement RASi3 prepares a pseudo instruction uniquely The description method of a pseudo instruction statement changes with each pseudo instructions B Meaningless writing Meaningless writing is a sentence which does not indude an instruction The form of meaningless writing is shown below LABEL CMNT 5 1 4 The end of a program RASi3 considers that the following sentence is the end of a program RASi3 does not 37 5Language specification conduct analysis even if there is character data after it END pseudo instruction statement sentence which finishes it as EOT 1AH or EOF end of a physical file 5 2 A classification and attribute of a value Here the treatment of the value of an expression a constant a symbol and a
23. to the element of order by the existence The special sign which RASi3 prepares for below is shown Each part explains the meaning of each sign Operator sign A operator sign is a sign of one character or two characters used as a operator The 35 5Language specification operator sign which RASi3 prepares for below is shown amp amp lt lt gt gt gt gt lt lt Constant A constant is description which gives a certain fixed value A constant is classified into the number of settings a character constant and a character string constant Symbol A symbol is the character string of one or more characters which consists of an alphabetic character a number an underscore and However a number cannot be used for the 1st character for the purpose of distinction with the number of settings A symbol is classified into a reserved word and a user symbol A reserved word is a symbol which RASi3 prepares beforehand and a user symbol is a symbol which a programmer defines in a program Comment A comment is description from or which appeared first in the sentence to the end LF However and in a character constant and a character string constant do not have the effect as a comment start In a comment it is possible to describe a 2 byte character A comment does not have influence of what on an assemble result either Even if is in a comment there is no eff
24. type The character of the beginning of an integer constant is a number This is for clarifying distinction with asymbol There are four kinds of integer constants a binary number an octal number a decimal number and a hexadecimal The last character radix specifier determines the kind of integer constant Moreover when a radix specifier is omitted it is regarded as a decimal number The value of an integer constant is a maximum of 0 FFFF_FFFFH 4 294 967 295 The integer constant expressing the value exceeding this value is an error and a value is unfixed The following table show the kind of an integer constant the character set which can be described and radix specifier Kind of an integer The character set which can be Radix specifier constant described H exadecimal number TEN def Dedmalnumber 0123456789 Octal number 01234567 Binarynumber 01 An underscore may appear in the arbitrary parts after the 2nd character and does not affect the value of an integer constant The usage type of an integer constant is NUMBER 39 5Language specification 5 3 2 Fraction constant A fraction constant is expression showing a decimal fraction type value The character of the decimal fraction type beginning is a number or decimal point In the case of decimal point a number must be in the following character The range of the value of a fraction constant is 1 7E 308 to 1 7E 4308 The e
25. which C source program defined The variable name is the name of the local variable on C source program Supplement The CLOCAL pseudoinstrucion must be defined as CBLOCK between CBLOCKEND pseudo instructions 6 14 10 CSLOCAL pseudo instruction Syntax CSLOCAL attrib size line column alias no block variable hierarchy Description A CSLOCAL pseudo instruction defines the information about the static local 109 6Pseudo instruction variable which C source program defined The variable nameis the name of the static local variable on C source program The decimal number shown by alias no is added behind ST at the symbol of the assembly source Supplement The CSLOCAL pseudoinstrucion must be defined as CBLOCK between CBLOCKEND pseudo instructions 6 14 11 CSTRUCTTAG CSTRUCTMEM pseudo instruction Syntax CSTRUCTTAG idfn id block su total mem total sizeline column tag name CSTRUCTMEM attrib size line column offset member name hierarchy Description These pseudo instructions define the information about the structure described on C source program A CSTRUCTTAG pseudo instruction defines the tag of a structure and a CSTRUCTMEM pseudo instruction defines the structure member defined by the CSTRUCTTAG pseudo instruction described just before Supplement These pseudo instructions must be defined as CBLOCK between CBLOCKEND pseudo instructi ons 6 14 12 CUNIONTAG CUNIONMEM pseud
26. 0 target_devuce target device Target device name name file name abl filename 5 name file abl filename 1 2 mem Memory space CODE PRAM XRAM XROM YRAM YROM addr Rangetoextend AN num warning number 4 1Option list C source level debugging information is outputted to an object file C source level debugging information is not outputted to an object file A target device name is specified TYPE Refer to the DCL file of specified target device name dd for RASi3 An absolute list file als is generated with reference to the absolute information file by file name A relocatable object file obj is generated with reference to the absolute information file specified by file name A memory is extended Nothing The range specified by addr is added to the address space specified by mem Restrict output of warning message Nothing specified to num 21 4Command Line Option 4 2 The feature of each option In an option definition file description of the following element is possible 4 2 1 PR NPR 22 Syntax PR ist_ file NPR Description Use of a PR option creates a list file A list file name is specified as list file Please refer to 3 1 The default file specification about the default in the case of omitting a part of file specification when omitting an operand Use o
27. 00000h It is the case of 0 000061 or more smaller than 0 When it is smaller than 0 and larger than 0 00000011921 in DW Overflow warning is outputted In the case of imm 12 and imm 16 imm 9 imm 5 imm 4 DW pseudo instruction Other case 8000h 100h 10h 8h 800000h The value which shifted the numerical value of the head following decimal point so that it might come to the most significant bit of an operand when a fraction was changed into a binary 5 8Addressing An example is shown below Example MOV X 0 2 l 0011001100110011001100110011001 B Since this example is operand imm_12 and imm 16 of a MOV instruction it is changed into the value shifted so that below decimal point when changing 0 2 into a binary number might become the 16 bit most significant from the 1st place The changed value is set to 1999h The shifted value is changed as follows In the case of imm 9 it becomes the 9 bit most significant In the case of imm_5 it becomes the 5 bit most significant In the case of imm_4 it becomes the 4 bit most significant In the case of the operand of DW it becomes the 24 bit most significant 77 5Language specification 5 9 Restriction of a basic instruction Here description restrictions when describing a basic instruction are explained In the following explanation the case which and D abbreviate to the case which describes the character in a parenthesis respec
28. 101 6 10 7 ERR a NOERR false instruction tenente tenente tenente tnnt 101 6 10 8 OBJ a NOOBJ false instruction essent tette ttt 102 6 11 MACRO DEFINITION FALSE INSTRUCTION esent tnter tette tette 102 6 11 1 MACRO false i structi ha u tenen tete e aus 103 6 11 2 EXITM false instruction U u u u u u uuu uu 103 6 11 3 LOCAL false instr ctiori ar eer lee d be pets 105 6 11 4 REPT false 1 u ettet ee IRR EUR ER RU Red 105 6 11 5 IRP false instruction tite ccpit nt deed ari Ea 105 6 12 SCOPE DEFINITION FALSE INSTRUCTION I I aaa 106 6 12 1 5 SCOPE enge cime aqui ede e e Ra etude 106 6 13 OPTIMIZATION FALSE INSTRUCTION I 106 6 13 1 GJMP GJMPD GJSR a GUSRD false instruction sees 106 6 14 C DEBUGGING INFORMATION FALSE INSTRUCTION 107 6144 CFILE false instructione ee ri eb bee bee pend 107 6 14 2 CFUNCTION a CFUNCTIONEND false instruction sss 107 6143 CARGUMENT false instruction essere tnnt tenente tenente nitent 108 6 144 CBLOCK CBLOCKEND false 242 4 0000000 108 6 14 95 GLABEL false instr ctlon eei be eiae tee epe eti tt ese 108 6 14 6 OLINE false Instr ctloH ottenere tete te pe Re tee tetas 108 6 14 7 GGLOBAL false inst
29. 120 012 013 016 017 018 020 021 022 024 025 026 027 028 8 2Error message list 15 the A option specified when linked After confirming the above mentioned contents when an error occurs in addition please contact me to our company reading file check sum error The checksum of the record of an ABL file is not right I O error reading file An ABL file cannot be read source filename is not specified There is no specification of a source file at the time of RASi3 starting too many MACRO nesting levels There are too many nesting levels of a MACRO pseudo instruction too less ENDM The ENDM pseudo instruction toa MACRO pseudo instruction is lacking same macro is expanding now The same broad view is developed in the broad view too many REPT nesting level There are too many nesting levels of a REPT pseudo instruction too many IRP nesting level There are too many nesting levels of an pseudo instruction valid core name is I CORE3 or ICORE3 Invalid CORE name is specified as 4CORE of DCL file TYPE derective is redefined Two or more TYPE direcitves are specified SCOPE is not closed ENDC directive is not specified cannot specify before TYPE directive TYPE directive must be specified first bad memory range Invalid memory range is specified in DCL file 8 2 2 Assembling error message Error number An error message and explanation 000 bad operand Descr
30. AL pseudo instruction described by the position which is not the head of the macro body warning will be displayed and it will beignored 6 11 4 REPT pseudo instruction Syntax REPT const expression Description A REPT pseudo instruction expands the statements macro body of sequence from the description position to an ENDM pseudo instruction repeatedly by the number of times specified by const_expression In the macro body you may describe another macro symbol In this case RASi3 performs still more macroscopic replacement when replacing the first macro The macroscopic nest allowed by the MACRO pseudo instruction the REPT pseudo instruction and an IRP pseudo instruction is a maximum of 24 level 6 11 5 IRP pseudo instruction Syntax IRP dummy symbol parameter gt Explanation An IRP pseudo instruction is replaced to parameter of dummy_symbol used for the statement from the description toan ENDM pseudo instruction and expands Only the number is expanded if two or more parameter s are specified If parameter is omitted 105 6Pseudo instruction an IRP pseudo instruction is ignored In the macro body you may describe another macro symbol In this case RASi3 is the process which replaces the first macro and performs still more macroscopic replacement The macroscopic nest allowed by the MACRO pseudo instruction the REPT pseudo instruction and an IRP pseudo instruction is a maximum of 24 level 6 12 Sco
31. MSEG and YRAMSEG pseudo instruction A relocatable symbol is defined as follows t defines by SEGMENT pseudo instruction Segment symbol t defines by COMM pseudo instruction Communal symbol It defines by EXTRN pseudo instruction External symbol A definition is given as a label which belongs to a relocatable segment segment defined by the RELSEG pseudo instruction Simple relocatable symbol The expression which uses simple relocatable one is specified and defined as the operand of EQU and pseudo instruction 5 7Expression 5 7 Expression Here each feature of the constituent factor of an expression and a operator and an operation rule are explained 5 7 1 The definition of an expression An expression consists of an operation clause and a operator The operation clause itself has the character of an expression An operation clause is a basic clause showing a value and can specify the following element Integer constant Fraction constant Character constant User symbol Location counter sign An expression can be classified into a numerical type and an address type Numerical type It is an expression expressing a numerical type value A usage type is surely set to NUMBER or FLOAT Address type It is an expression expressing an address type value A usage type is surely except NUMBER and FLOAT The usage type of an expression is determined by the kind of the operation clause included in an express
32. N warn num Description A AV option restrict the output of warning message specified by warn num Example When the following warining message in FOO ASM is restricted warning number 60 is specify to warn num Warning 60 A page address may be changed within a loop RASi3 FOO ASM W60 33 4Command Line Option 34 5 1Composition of a program 5 Language specification In this chapter the specification of the source file of RASi3 assembler is explained 5 1 Composition of a program Here the component of a program is explained 5 1 1 A program and a sentence A program is the aggregate of one or more sentences A sentence is a set of the character finished as a line feed code OAH and EOT 1AH or EOF end of a physical file A return code ODH is skipped The number of the sentences of one program is restricted to a maximum of 9 999 999 lines per 1 assembling Moreover although the length of a sentence does not have restriction the character outputted to an assembling list is from the head of a sentence to 256 characters 5 1 2 Component The sentence in a program consists of elements shown below Separator Special sign Operator sign Constant Symbol Comment Block comment Explanation of each element is shown below Separator Separators are one or more blanks 20H or TAB 09H for dividing the element which adjoins in a sentence Special sign A special sign is the character which gives a special meaning
33. NG rel sym t is changed into 2 word machine code 52 5 7Expression MOVX X SHORT rel sym t is changed into 1 word machine code It becomes warning when a SHORT operator is described to the constant value of long size Example MOV RAO SHORT OFFOOH 5 7 3 A relocatable expression and integer constant expression A relocatable expression is an expression containing a relocatable symbol or an expression containing in a relocatable segment current location symbol and is an expression which a value does not fix during an assemble On the other hand constant expression is an expression which a value fixes during an assemble instruction which can use a relocatable expression for an operand is as follows Basicinstruction DW pseudo instruction The right term when a DUP expression is used When a relocatable expression is used for addressing of a basic instruction an assembler cannot generate the fixed machine code In this case the information for computing a fixed valueto an object file is generated and a linker is solved Depending on a operator a relocatable expression can be specified as an operand In this case unsolved operation information is generated by the object file The syntax of a relocatable expression is shown below RELOP expression Relocatable type with unsolved operation REL expression Relocatable type without unsolved operation RELOP expression RELOP expression RELOP typ
34. OKI The relocatable assembler for i Core3 RASI3 User s manual Program development support software 2005 5 making A change history is only the in company version It deletes with the shipment version Change history Revision The contents of correction Person in charge The 04 7 30 New making Kosaka provisional version First edition 04 9 01 FIX of RASi3 specification Kawano The 2nd 04 9 03 Correction of explanation of a user symbol Correction of Kawano edition the explanatory note of aSTACKSEG pseudo instruction The 3rd 04 9 21 Explanation correction of an EQU pseudo instruction Kawano edition The 4 05 4 01 Correction by architecture change kawano Edition 5 9 Restriction of a basic instruction 6 7 Memory initialization pseudo instruction 6 13 Optimization pseudo instruction Update 6 14 C debugging pseud instruction The 5 Edit 05 05 26 6 2 2 STACKSEG correct SP to XSP or kawano ion _ Y SP 8 2 Error message list update the error message OKI NOTICE 1 The information contained herein can change without notice owing to product and or technical improvements Before using the product please make sure that the information being referred to is up to date The outline of action and examples for application circuits described herein have been chosen as an explanation for the standard action and performance of the product When planning to use the product p
35. OO ASM TMXXXXX 31 4Command Line Option 4 2 16 A Syntax IA ab file Description A A option creates an absolute list file An absolute list fileis a list file which does not have relocatable information without including indefinite instruction code information and address information at all An ABL file name is specified as abl file An ABL file is a binary format file with information required in order to create an absolute list file and it is created by RLi3 Linker Also when using a A option the specification method of the file name by a PR option does not change However although the default extension of the usual list fileis LST the default extension of an absolute list fileis ALS Refer to the absolute listing feature for the details of the making method of an absolute print file Example When creating the absolute list file of source file FOO ASM it types as follows ABL fileAPRINFO ABL is read in this example RASi3 FOO ASM AAPRINFO 4 2 17 G Syntax Gfile name Description A G option generates a relocatable object file with reference to the ABL file specified by file name Example When creating a relocatable object file with reference to the absolute list file of source file 5 it types as follows ABL file APRINFO ABL is read in this example RASi3 FOO ASM GAPRINFO 32 4 2The feature of each option 4 2 18 BCODE BPRAM BXRAM BXROM BYRAM BYROM Syn
36. PR and a NPR option over specification of a pseudo instruction 6 10 4 LIST NOLIST pseudo instruction Syntax LIST NOLIST Description These pseudo instructions control the output of the assembling list toa print file An assemble list is a list of a program and object code By using a LIST pseudo instruction and a NOLIST pseudo instruction the range of the program outputted to an assemble list can be specified Description of a LIST pseudo instruction outputs the program from the next line to an assemble list Description of a NOLIST pseudo instruction stops outputting the program from the next line to an assemble list However source statement including an error or warning is outputted to an assemble list regardless of these pseudo instructions When a LIST pseudo instruction and a NOLIST pseudo instruction are omitted all programs are outputted to an assembling list Supplement If a L option is specified to RASi3 each statement until a NOLIST pseudo instruction appears in a program is outputted to an assemble list That is it becomes the same operation as the case where a LIST pseudo instruction is described at the head of a program If a NL option is specified to RASi3 each statement until a LIST pseudo instruction appears in a program is not outputted to an assemble list That is it becomes the same operation as the case where a NOLIST pseudo instruction is described at the head of a program 6 10 5 SYM NOSYM ps
37. QU false instructioniu csse RR ORE CREAR E RB IU BH RE 92 0 5 2 Ealse Instr ction oi etii tti e e titu tue ec e Lac db te cid 93 6 5 3 DEFINE false instr tionmu uu ere te Re Nc e tane 94 6 6 ADDRESS CONTROL FALSE INSTRUCTION I I H au a 94 6 617 ORG false instruction iie o eae eee ee ee eee ees te 94 6 7 MEMORY INITIALIZATION FALSE INSTRUCTION I I Haaa a 95 1Introduction 6 L1 JDW falseInstr Ctlol iet die p o it etd ee 95 6 8 ASSEMBLING CONTROL FALSE INSTRUCTION 96 6 8 1 INCLUDE false instruction u ua qu au 96 698 2 END false instructions a ot DRE ai YU ety 96 6 9 CONDITION ASSEMBLING FALSE INSTRUCTION u 97 6 9 1 IF an IFE falseanstr ction init e u u annie Cer a 97 6 9 2 IFDEF an IFNDEF false instruction aaa 98 6 9 3 an IFNB false instruction 6 10 LISTING CONTROL FALSE INSTRUCTION I I a 98 6 10 1 TITLE false Instr ctiona eot e P RR RU RR 98 6 10 2 PAGE false instructiori si cite tecto tice cdit Decr tec 99 6 10 3 PRN NOPRN false instruction sse tenente tenente tenenti trennen 99 6 10 4 LIST a NOLIST false instruction essent tnnt ttti 100 6 10 5 SYM NOSYM false instruction esee 100 6 10 6 REF a NOREF false instruction as
38. TK access instruction 2 DyVVY IMEBEN A 6 Chapter False instruction eene 80 6 1 ASSEMBLING INITIAL SETTING FALSE INSTRUCTION 84 6 1 1 TYPE false instr ctioD e ya uuu Vd 84 6 2 SEGMENT DEFINITION FALSE aaa 85 6 21 SEGMENT false instruction ote eei dete d e tete tn 85 6 2 2 STACKSEG false IstrUGtiON iiien terrre tte tenete RT eer e nr tre 86 6 3 SEGMENT CONTROL FALSE INSTRUCTION I Haaa 87 6 34 CODESEG false instructiori eee toe Ie E ee ERR RYE rene 87 6 3 2 PRAMSEG false instruction u u tentent tnter uuu 87 6 3 3 XRAMSEQG false instruction u Sq ient tent pitt eter 88 6 3 4 XROMSEG false instruction U u u u tnnt uu uuu 88 6 35 YRAMSEG false instruction suse oue ae OD D NR RODEO 89 6 3 0 YROMSEG false instruction u u uuu u u uuu 89 6 9 7 iRELSEG false inistructlor ncc tti aceto o on eor epe tem 90 6 4 LINKAGE CONTROL FALSE INSTRUCTION I 90 6 4 1 EXTRN false instr ction eo pese deis oe E RI T OR UI Ser EIN 90 64 2 PUBLIC false Instructions eet i t ie e p RR p po o p one 91 64 3 COMM false instr ctiori c oe I e eR IR EH PU tua EIER ERR PUER 91 6 5 SYMBOL DEFINITION FALSE INSTRUCTION I a Haaa 92 651 E
39. X ea CLRY imm_5 1FH SALH cc A NUMBER It does not A check SHLH cc A SHRH cc A imm_6 0H 3FH SAL A NUMBER It does not SAR A check SHL A SHR A INS A rl r2 im6 NUMBER It does not INSU A r im6 check INSS A r im6 EXTR A rl r2 im6 EXTRU A r im6 EXTRS A r im6 INS A rl r2 im6 NUMBER It does not INSU A r im6 check INSS A r im6 EXTR A rl r2 im6 EXTRU A r im6 EXTRS A r im6 imm_8 0H OFFH ANDH A r NONE It does not ORH A r check XORH A r 74 5 8Addressing WB disp9 disp_13 Addressing The range of a Object instruction Usage type Address space value disp 9 100H 0FFH MP x NUMBER CODE SR CODE disp_13 1000H P cc NUMBER MPD cc 75 5Language specification 5 8 3 Conversion rule of the value when describing a fraction to an immediate operand Here the conversion rule of the value when describing a fraction value is explained to 76 the operand of an immediate value When a value is 1 0 or more Overflow warning is outputted In the case of imm_12 and imm_16 imm_9 imm_5 imm_4 DW pseudo instruction When a valueis less than 1 0 Overflow warning is outputted In the case of imm_12 and imm_16 imm_9 imm_5 imm_4 DW pseudo instruction 7FFFh OFFh OFh 7h 7FFFFFh 8000h 100h 10h 8h 8
40. XRAM memories XROM address The ROM area of X XROM memories YRAM address The RAM area of Y memory YRAM YROM address The ROM area of X YROM memories 13 3Starting of RASi3 3 14 Starting of RASi3 RASi3 creates an object file a list file and an error file from the source file described by the assembly language Information required for a rearrangeable object code and a link and debugging is included in the object file The contents of the source file and the generated object code are contained in the list file Furthermore the name and value of a symbol which are used by the source file can be shown An error file consists of source statements which the error message and the error occurred and if there is no output specification to a file it will be displayed on up toa console 3 1The default file specification 3 1 The default file specification When using RASi3 the specification of an input file and output file are required A file is specified by the command line or the operand of a psuedo instruction There is the following kind of file specification of RASi3 1 Specification of Source File Specification of an include file Specification of a option file Specification of an object file Specification of a list file Quales sy Specification of an error file 7 Specification of a DCL file In the above mentioned file specification a drive and a directory are omissible Except specification of a so
41. a DEFINE broad view is over 8 illegal relocation type combine label or is not allowed At the time of branch optimization option specification the label 125 8A message and end code and current location symbol which were defined within the CODE segment become the same treatment as a front reference symbol Therefore operands which do not allow refer to the front such as an operand of a CODESEG pseudo instruction or an EQU pseudo instruction cannot describe 072 invalid SHORT LONG Description of SHORT and a LONG addressing child is wrong 073 usage type NUMBER expected The numerical value type expression is demanded When it describes as follows this error occurs 074 cannot write to ROM It is going to execute the write in instruction to a ROM area 075 invalid fn id In C debugging information pseudo instruction the value of a fn id operand is not right 076 invalid block id In C debugging information pseudo instruction the value of a block id operand is not right 077 cfunction cannot nest It is trying to nest a CFUNCTION pseudo instruction For example when the case where a CFUNCTIONEND pseudo instruction is deleted by mistake differs from fn id this error occurs 078 invalid position The description position of debugging information pseudo instruction is wrong It occurs when C debugging information instruction which should correspond before this pseudo instruction does not exist 079 overlay locatio
42. ble address type is meant Float A usage type FLOAT numerical type is meant The kind of warning is indicated It indicates becoming an error An operation result is unfixed It indicates becoming warning Operation is performed It indicates that evaluation changes with usage types of an expression Notes explain the evaluation rule in this case outside the limit Succession of an attribute When the evaluation result of an expression is an address type the attribute which the original address type has is inherited B Therange check of a value Though the value of an address type is over the range specified in a corresponding address space in expression analysis processing it is not managed as an error The range check of a valueis performed into the analysis of addressing B Thekind of warning There are the following kinds of warning to the form of an expression The warning number used hereis for explanation and differs from a formal error code 57 5Language specification The contents of the error NUMBER Was FLOAT It is the operation which has a meaning only to a numerical expression w The right expression is not a numerical expression The right expression is nota NUMBER Neither the right expression nor left expression is NUMBER Operation different usage type 1 Arithmetic operator punc type Right expression
43. bol is displayed 11 A segment type is displayed 12 Segment size is displayed by a hexadecimal number 13 An address boundary valueis displayed 14 A linkage attribute is displayed A linkage attribute is the segment name assigned to the same address different segment type by the SEGMENT pseudo instruction A usage type is expressed in the usgtyp field as the following keywords Display Explanation NUMBER Usage type NUMBER CODE Usage type CODE PRAM Usage type PRAM XRAM Usage type XRAM XROM Usage type XROM YRAM Usage type YRAM YROM Usage type YROM FLOAT Usage type FLOAT 117 8A message and end code 8 A message and end code 118 RASi3 reports the error about assembling processing There is the following kind of the reports of an error 1 error message is outputted to a screen or an error file 2 Thenumber of an error is outputted toa print file There is the following kind of the errors of RASi3 1 Command line error 2 Grammar error 3 Warning 4 Fatal error 5 Internal processing error A command line error is an error occurred when an error is in description of a starting command line RASi3 is terminated after outputting a command line error without performing assembling processing A grammar error is an error occurred on the analysis of a source file RASi3 continues assembling processing even if a grammar error occurs but an object file does not generate it Moreover this file is dele
44. bol scope tag lines definition line 4 Temporary Symbol symbol def line lines definition line 5 DRA RA EA AAR RA ARR A AR ARR A KEKEKE KKK KKK KK KKK 1 This line is displayed at the head of the page of a cross reference list Target is the target model name specified by the TYPE pseudo instruction and page number goes into 2 A symbol name is displayed on alphabetic order 3 Theline number by which the symbol was referred to is displayed is attached tothe defined line number 4 A scopetag nameis displayed 5 Theline number by which the temporary symbol was defined is displayed 115 7List file 7 3 Reading of a symbol list A symbol list shows the detailed information on the symbol which appeared in the program The symbol list consists of a symbol information and a segment information The detailed information on all the symbols defined by the program and the SFR symbol referred to once or more is displayed on a symbol information The detailed information on the relocatable segment defined by the program is displayed on a segment information The example of a symbol list is shown below KKkokokokokokokokokokokokokokokokokkokokokokokokokokokokokokokokokokokokokokokokokokokokokokokokokokokokokokokokokokokokokokokokokokok ok RASi3 Target Relocatable Assembler Ver x xx xx Symbol list Page lt 1 symbol type usgtyp value ID symbol type usgtyp value sco
45. c LS LC EQ NE CS CC MI PL LE GT LT GE VS VC Pseudo instruction auxiliary symbol It is the symbol descri bed as an operand of a specific pseudo instruction Current location sign It is a sign showing the present address of a current segment It depends for an attribute on the described segment In this manual although described as the location symbol the location counter symbol etc it is altogether the same 5 6 3 User symbol A user symbol is a symbol which a programmer newly defines in a program A user symbol describes a label or is defined by a DEF option or the following pseudo instruction SEGMENT EQU MACRO SCOPE DEFINE COMM EXTRN 43 5Language specification A reserved word cannot be defined as a user symbol 5 6 3 1 The kind of user symbol A user symbol is classified into four kinds The module under following explanation means file the program which consisted of two or more source files Kind of symbol Local symbol Contents It is the symbol defined by a label or EQU and pseudo instruction This is a symbol showing the address or a numerical value is available only within the defined module and cannot be referred to from other modules Segment symbol It is the symbol defined by the SEGMENT pseudo instruction A relocatable segment is indicated Communal symbol It is the symbol defined by the COMM pseudo instruction A share area with other modules is indicate
46. c segment to a memory Moreover a map file is also created Furthermore an object file ABS file is changed into a HEX file using the object conversion feature of RLi3 Please refer to the user s manual of RLi3 about the kind of HEX file and a format 2 1The flow of program development 1 Text Editor CCi3 Compiler Option File User Program Assembly File Absolute Object File abl N Input Files asm Device Definition File Reference File err _ Ast obj vals Error File Listing File Object File Absolute Listing File Output File oes it registe Ne with a library obj cos Ae s Yes obj 4 RLi3 Linker 3 RLi3 Linker uere ee Other Object Files Absolute Object Mapping File lib Ast File a Re Library File Listing File Fig 1 1 Flow of program development 2Introduction 2 2 DCL file RASi3 reads the file which defined information peculiar to the device of the object called a DCL file RASI3 can respond to two or more devices according to this DCL file A DCL file is a file of text format The extension of a DCL fileis always DCL The name of the DCL file to refer to is specified in a source program RASi3 stores the information on a DCL file in an object file RLi3 receives the information on a DCL file from this object file Since the important information for initializing RASi3 is defined as the DCL file please stop rewrit
47. catable segment is specified as seg sym The seg sym must be defined by the SEGMENT pseudo instruction before the description position of a RELSEG pseudo instruction A relocatable segment is started from the Ot address during an assemble It is assigned to an actual address space by RIi3 linker 6 4 Linkage control pseudo instruction A linkage control pseudo instruction is used when mainly splitting and creating a program to two or more files 6 4 1 EXTRN pseudo instruction Syntax EXTRN usage type access symbol symbol Description An EXTRN pseudo instruction declares a external symbol In order to refer to the symbol defined by the external module it is necessary to surely declare by EXTRN pseudo instruction The usage type of a external symbol is specified as usage type To usage type only one can be specified out of the following segment type Segment type Allocated Memory space CODE It has an address on a CODE address space PRAM It has an address on a PRAM address space XRAM It has an address on a XRAM address space XROM It has an address on a XROM address space YRAM It has an address on a YRAM address space YROM It has an address on a YROM address space NONE It has the address which does not pinpoint space NUMBER It has an integer type FLOAT It has a fraction type The keyword of the attribute SHORT10 SHORT12 and LONG16 of the address range is specified as access The meaning of each keyword i
48. ce and a peripheral device and for use in any system or application that requires special or enhanced quality and reliability characteristics nor in any system or application where the failure of such system or application may result in the loss or damage of property or death or injury to humans Such applications include but are not limited to traffic and automotive equipment safety devices aerospace equipment nuclear power control medical equipment and life support systems Certain products in this document may need government approval before they can be exported to particular countries The purchaser assumes the responsibility of determining the legality of export of these products and will take appropriate and necessary steps at their own expense for these No part of the contents contained herein may be reprinted or reproduced without our prior permission Copyright 2003 Oki Electric Industry Co Ltd Chapter 1 Introduction Table of Contents 1 Chapter Introduction 6 2 Chapter Introductionis e eraot eee 8 2 1 THE FLOW OF PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT senten 8 2 27 BOLBIDE accom atas bu b bec 10 2 21 Discernment information on a target device 10 2 22 range of the memory space which be used 10 22 3 AGGess allowed t SER eee et RR RR IRE RE ERR terio d 10 2 24 reserved word showing an address
49. chs a DCL file When there is no DCL file in the directory to which a current directory and RASi3 EXE exist RASi3 uses an environment variable DCLI3 in order to search a DCL file The example of a setting of an environment variable DCLI3 is shown below SET DCLI3 C ICORE DCL 2 5 Memory space 12 Memory space indicates the memory on the target device which RASi3 can manage RASi3 can use the following memorys Maximum of 256K word program memory P memory Maximum of 64K word data memory X memory and Y memory Program memory space Program memory space is an area for allocation instruction code required for program execution The ROM area of P memory can be used as program memory space Data memory space Data memory space is the space which holds initial data required for program execution and the data under execution temporarily The RAM area of X memory and Y memory can be used as data memory space Moreover although a ROM area can be specified as X memory and Y memory it cannot be used as program space 2 6Address space 2 6 Address space An address space is the space set as the object of each memory access addressing The segment type is assigned to each address space The kind of address space and the corresponding segment type are as follows Address space Object memory Segment type CODE address The ROM area of P memory CODE PRAM address The RAM area of P memory PRAM XRAM address The RAM area of X
50. created by CCi3 compiler If this option is specified RASi3 will analyze C debugging pseudo instruction embedded at the assembly source file which CCi3 compiler created and will create an object file including C sourcelevel debugging information By specifying this option it is available of C source level debugging When a NSD option is specified C sourcelevel debugging information is not outputted to an object file In this case C source level debugging cannot be performed By a default C source level debugging information is not outputted to an object file A corresponding pseudo instructi on Thereis no pseudo instruction corresponding to 5D and a NSD option Example RASi3 CCF OO SD In this example source file CCFOO ASM which CCi3 compiler created is assembled and an object file including C source level debugging information is created 4 2 15 T Syntax T target device Description A T option specifies a target device name The name of a target device is specified as target_device A corresponding pseudo instruction Instead of specifying a T option a target device can also be specified using a TYPE pseudo instruction Priority is given to specification of an option when both an option and TYPE pseudo instruction are specified Please refer to a pseudo instruction about a TYPE pseudo instruction Example When assembling source file FOO ASM by setting a target device to MXXXXX it types as follows RASi3 F
51. d External symbol It is the symbol defined by the EXTRN pseudo instruction This means referring to the symbol declared by the PUBLIC pseudo instruction or a communal symbol A special user symbol It is the symbol and temporary symbol which were defined by MACRO SCOPE and DEFINE pseudo instruction 44 5 6Symbol 5 6 3 2 A special user symbol In a user symbol the symbol defined by the MACRO pseudo instruction is called a macro symbol the symbol defined within SCOPE is called a scope symbol and the symbol defined by the DEFINE pseudo instruction is called a DEFINE symbol Moreover the symbol was described to be at the head of the symbol is called a temporary symbol and has a special feature B Macro symbol The symbol defined by the MACRO pseudo instruction is called a macro symbol The definition method of a macro symbol is as follows macro sym MACRO opr1 opr2 body ENDM In a macro pseudo instruction the end of macro definition is expressed with an ENDM pseudo instruction and the instruction statement described between the MACRO pseudo instruction and the ENDM pseudo instruction is called the macro body In the macro body it is possible to use a symbol or to call oneself and other macroes The newest definition becomes available when the same macro symbol is redefined Scope symbol The symbol defined within the scope of a SCOPE pseudo instruction is called a scope symbol The def
52. d only with RASi3 and the Enter key was pressed without specifying source file after the list of options will be displayed on a console in how to use RASi3 it returns to a command prompt Example When a S option is attached and it assembles source file MAIN ASM it types as follows RASi3 MAIN ASM S When the extension of a source file name is omitted RASi3 attached and processes extension ASM When the drive of a source file name is omitted RASi3 considers that a source file is in the current drive When the directory of a source file name is omitted RASi3 considers that a source file is in a current directory If a command line is inputted correctly the starting message of RASi3 will be displayed on a screen Then thefollowing message is displayed in order dcl file loading passl branch optimization pass2 RASi3 loads a DCL file to the beginning of assembling processing The following message are displayed while loading the DCL file dcl file loading fileis the actually loaded DCL file name 16 3 3Option specification by a starting option definition file Assembling processing of RASi3 is divided into the processing called a pass 1 and a pass 2 RASi3 determines the value of a symbol and the address of a program in pass 1 processing processing of a pass 2 the result of a pass 1 is used and an object file is created If processing of a pass 1 starts pass 1 will be
53. ding to an end state at the time of an assembling end This value is called an end code An end code can be inspected using a batch file etc There is the following in an end code End code Explanation 0 Thereis noerror 1 Warning occurred 2 The assembling error occurred 131 8A message and end code 3 The fatal error and internal processing error or the DCL error occurred and forced to terminate 132 RASI3 user s manual August 2004 preliminary edition c 2004 Oki Electric Industry Co Ltd
54. dress type cannot be described 043 this operator has mean for NUMBER It is the operator which is meaningful only to NUMBER 044 this operator has mean for FLOAT It is the operator which is meaningful only toFLOAT 045 minus number is not allowed A negative value cannot be described 046 float value over flow 130 8 3End code It is overflow of a floating decimal 047 segment type mismatch A segment type is inharmonious 048 extension is ignored 049 CC is ignored A condition specification child is ignored 050 CODE label with forward reference in expression The CODE label of referring to the front is contained 051 SHORT operator can be specified A SHORT operator can be specified 052 Addressing size is not SHORT Addressing size is not short size 053 T option is prioritized Priority is given to a T option 054 out of range The operand of DW directive is out of range Valid rangeis OH OFFFFH 055 address range attribute is ignored The address range attribute is ignored when usage type is NUMBER or FLOAT 056 same parameter specified Same symbol is specified as parameter of MACRO directive 057 Only can use head part of Macro body LOCAL directive only can use head part of Macro body 058 SHORT operator is ignored SHORT operater has no mean for this instruction 061 illegal number decimal constant required The argument of W option must be specified as decimal constant 8 3 End code RASi3 returns the value accor
55. e However when OVL is specified the value specified to address must be within the limits of a PRAM address space 6 3 2 PRAMSEG pseudo instruction Syntax PRAMSEG address Description PRAMSEG pseudo instruction declares the start of an absolute PRAM segment definition 87 6Pseudo instruction The start address of a logical segment is specified as address The address is the constant expression which does not contain forward reference The value of a location counter is updated by the specified address by address When address is omitted a segment is started from the address following the end address of the absolute segment defined by the last PRAMSEG pseudo instruction When there is no PRAMSEG pseudo instruction before a segment is started from the minimum value of a PRAM address space Supplement The value specified as address must be within the limits of the PRAM address space defined by the DCL file 6 3 3 XRAMSEG pseudo instruction Syntax XRAMSEG _ aadress Description A XRAMSEG pseudo instruction declares the start of an absolute XRAM segment definition The start address of a logical segment is specified as address The address is the constant expression which does not contain forward reference The value of a location counter is updated by the specified address by address When address is omitted a segment is started from the address following the end address of the absolute segment defined by the last
56. e REL expression n REL expression Constant expression Constant expression REL expression REL expression Constant expression REL expression REL expression REL term 53 5Language specification 54 REL term Constant expression 1 Simple relocatable symbol Segment symbol External symbol Communal symbol Unary operator Constant expression Constant expression binary operator Constant expression constant expression Absolute term REL expression REL expression 1 Thetype of an expression needs to be the same by the left expression and a right expression The type of an expression means the kind of symbol simple relocatable type segment type communal type and external type contained in an expression Unary operator Binary operator lt lt gt gt LE i amp amp 5 7Expression Absolute term n Integer constant Character constant Absolute symbol Address symbol Note in a REL term means what was described within the relocatable segment in a Absolute term means what was described within the absolute segment 5 7 4 Simple relocatable type A simple relocatable expression is a relocatable expression whose REL term is a simple relocatable symbol A simple relocatable expression can be described to the operand of the following instructions Theinstruction which can use a relocatable expression for an operand A part of pseudo inst
57. ea where a shared symbol is defined The syntax of a COMM pseudoinstruction is similar of the SEGMENT pseudo instruction However the size of the area to secure is specified just after seg type seg typ 91 6Pseudo instruction The segment type showing the kind of address space which assigns a relocatable segment is specified as seg typ Only one can be specified out of the following segment type Segment type Allocated Memory space PRAM PRAM address space XRAM XRAM address space XROM XROM address space YRAM YRAM address space YROM YROM address space boundary The boundary value of a head address in case a relocatable segment is assigned is specified as boundary This is called boundary value attribute of a logic segment The integer constant is specified as boundary An abbreviation of boundary specifies 1 access The keyword of the attribute SHORT10 SHORT12 and LONG16 of the address range is specified as access The meaning of each keyword is as follows The attribute of the The range of the address allocation address range address SHORT 10 OH 3FFH SHORT12 OH OFFFH LONG16 OH OFFFFH Supplement It will become an error if the same shared symbol is declared twice or more in one source file When the sizes of the shared symbol of each source file differ the greatest area in the size to specify is assigned to memory 6 5 Symbol definition pseudo instruction A symbol definition ps
58. each page of a list fileis specified as 100 lines 4 2 11 PW Syntax PW page_wiath Description A PW option specifies the number of characters of each line of a list file The number of characters of each line is specified as page_width with the number of settings This number of characters means the number of single byte characters The value specified as page_width does not have restriction in particular When a value is omitted the number of characters of one line is set as 79 By the default the number of characters of each line of a list file is set up without any restriction A corresponding pseudo instructi on Instead of specifying a PW option you may describe a PAGE pseudo instruction in a program The same setup as a PW option can be performed by specifying the number of characters as the 2nd operand of a PAGE pseudo instruction Priority is given to specification of an option when specifying both a PAGE pseudo instruction and a PW option Example RASi3 FOO ASM PW132 In this example the number of characters of each line of a list file is specified as 132 characters 29 4Command Line Option 4 2 12 Syntax Nindude_path Description option specifies the path of a file read by INCLUDE pseudo instruction Two or more paths can be specified by describing two or more options RASi3 searches an include file in order of the following 1 An indude file is searched from a current director
59. ecified A NL option is specified by a default An assembly list is outputted to a list file The contents outputted are explained by the list file Please refer to a LIST NOLIST pseudo instruction about a LIST pseudo instruction and a NOLIST pseudo instruction A corresponding pseudo instructi on The feature of these options a LIST pseudo instruction and a NOLIST pseudo instruction is almost the same However a LIST pseudo instruction and a NOLIST pseudo instruction have effect to the statement after the described line to specification of an option being available from the head of a program Example When outputting the contents of source file FOO ASM to an assembly list and assembling them it types as follows RASi3 FOO ASM L When assembling without outputting the contents of source file FOO ASM to an assembly list it types as follows RASi3 FOO ASM NL Supplement L and NL cannot be specified concurrently 23 4Command Line Option 4 2 3 15 5 Syntax IS NS Description When a S option is specified the information on all user symbols is outputted to a symbol list When a NS option is specified a symbol list is not created A symbol list is not created by a default A symbol list is outputted to a list file The contents outputted are explained to the list file A corresponding pseudo instruction Instead of specifying a S option you may describe a SYM pseudo instruction in a program Moreover
60. ect of a start of a block comment The comment described by behind instruction statement in the macro body is deleted at the time of macro expansion Block comment A block comment is description which starts in and finishes with The kind of character contained in a block comment does not have restriction Even if LF is contained in the block comment RASi3 does not interpret it as the end of a sentence Moreover in a character string constant and are not judged to be the start of a block comment and an end Nesting is possible for a block comment and a nesting level does not have restriction 5 1 3 The kind of sentence 36 The kind of sentence has the following three Basic instruction statement Pseudo instruction statement Meaningless writing Below each statement is explained Words phrases LABEL label MNEM mnemonic OPR operand CMNT comment 5 1Composition of a program Basic instruction statement Basic instruction statement expresses the machine instruction of CPU symbolically The sentence showing a basic instruction is called basic instruction statement There is the following in the description method of basic instruction statement RASi3 judges a semicolon to be the termination of basic instruction statement LABEL MNEM OPR LABEL MNEM OPR MNEM OPR In RASi3 two instructions are described to one line as mentioned above and there is the description
61. ed The number of lines of 1 page is specified as line and the number of characters of one line is specified as column Both line and column are the constant expression which does not contain forward reference The range of the value of ne is from 10 to 65535 If a value smaller than 10 is specified to ne it will be rectified by 10 and it will be rectified by 65535 if a larger value than 65535 is specified The range of the value of co umn is from 79 to 255 If a value smaller than 79 is specified to co umn it will be rectified by 79 and it will be rectified by 255 if a larger value than 255 is specified Supplement A PAGE pseudo instruction is ignored in the range with an available NOLIST pseudo instruction 6 10 3 PRN NOPRN pseudo instruction Syntax e specification NOPRN Description These pseudo instructions control making of a print file A print file is created when a PRN pseudo instruction is specified A print file name is specified to file specification A print file is not created when a NOPRN pseudo instruction is specified A print file is created if a PRN pseudo instruction and a NOPRN pseudo instruction are omitted As for the print file name in this case the extension of a source file name replaces PRN 99 6Pseudo instruction Supplement These pseudo instructions specify either only once If specified 2 times or more it was specified effectively first Moreover priority is given to
62. ed to an operand it is managed as a 2 word instruction and if a SHORT operator is specified it is managed as a 1 word instruction Supplement These pseudo instructions can be described only a CODE segment 6 14 C debugging information pseudo instruction This section explains each C debugging information pseudo instruction for information disclosure However if these pseudo instructions are described in the usual assembly source or these pseudo instructions contained in the source program which CCi3 generates are rewritten anormal assemble result may not be obtained The operand of C debugging information pseudo instruction has the following restrictions 1 A symbol cannot be specified 2 An expression cannot be specified 3 In a parameter only an integer constant or a character string can be specified 6 14 1 CFILE pseudo instruction Syntax CFILE file id total line incid inc line filename Description A CFILE pseudo instruction defines the information about the file of C source file The fi e idis a file identification number and it is used for evaluation of the value described by the e d parameter of other debugging information pseudo instructions 6 14 2 CFUNCTION CFUNCTIONEND pseudo instruction Syntax CFUNCTION file id CFUNCTIONEND Description These pseudo instructions define the information about the function of C source program A CFUNCTION pseudo instruction defines the start
63. ed within the macro body If RASi3 detects an EXITM pseudo instruction during macroscopic expansion even subsequent ENDM pseudo instructions will be ignored Moreover if EXITM pseudo instruction is detected from the inside of the macro body by the include file called by the INCLUDE pseudo instruction macro expansion is terminated after the end of an include file Supplement An EXITM pseudo instruction can be described only from a MACRO pseudo instruction a REPT pseudo instruction an IRP pseudo instruction to an ENDM pseudo instruction 103 6Pseudo instruction 104 6 11Macro definition pseudo instruction 6 11 3 LOCAL pseudo instruction Syntax LOCAL foc sym loc sym Description A LOCAL pseudo instruction defines a local symbol only with the available inside of a macro The symbol specified as loc sym can be used only within the macro body and cannot be referred to from the outside of the macro body It is replaced to the following formats of loc sym after macro expansion number The number is the 4 digits hexadecimal from 0 to OFFFFH and is the serial number for every assemble Supplement A LOCAL pseudo instruction can be used only within the macro body If RASi3 detects the LOCAL pseudo instruction used out of the macro body warning will be displayed and it will beignored Moreover a LOCAL pseudo instruction should be described at the head of the macro body If RASi3 detects the LOC
64. ession Description IF pseudo instruction will assemble true_conditional_body if the value of expression is truth and if it is a false it assembles false conditional body An IFE pseudo instruction will assemble true conditional body if denial of the value of expression is truth and if it is a false it assembles false conditional body The expression is the constant expression which does not include forward reference f expression contains forward reference and if a grammatical error is in expression 97 6Pseudo instruction conditions are judged to be a false 6 9 2 IFDEF IFNDEF pseudo instruction Syntax IFDEF symbol IFNDEF symbol Description The symbol is a symbol except a reserved word If symbol specified as the IFDEF pseudo instruction is defined before this source statement conditions become truly Conditions become false if symbol is not defined in the program or if it defines after this source statement Conditions become false if symbol specified as the IFNDEF pseudo instruction is defined before this source statement If symbol is not defined in the program or if it defines after this source statement conditions become truly 6 9 3 IFB IFNB pseudo instruction Syntax IFB argument gt IFNB argument gt Description The argument s are arbitrary character strings If argument specified as the IFB pseudo instruction is null statement conditions will become truly Conditions will become false i
65. eudo instruction Syntax SYM NOSYM Description These pseudo instructions control the output of the symbol list to a print file The information on the user symbol used for the program is included in a symbol list By using a SYM pseudo instruction and a NOSYM pseudo instruction it is specified whether a symbol list is outputted 100 6 10Listing control pseudo instruction If a SYM pseudo instruction is specified the information on all user symbols is outputted to a symbol list A symbol list is not created if a NOSYM pseudo instruction is specified A symbol list is not outputted if a SYM pseudo instruction and NOSYM pseudo instruction are omitted Supplement When two or more these pseudo instructions were specified it was specified effectively first Moreover priority is given to S and a NS option rather than a pseudo instructi on 6 10 6 REF NOREF pseudo instruction Syntax REF NOREF Description These pseudo instructions control the output of the cross reference list to a print file The line number for which the user symbol defined by the program and each user symbol were used is contained in a cross reference list By using a REF pseudo instruction and a NOREF pseudo instruction the user symbol outputted to a cross reference list is controllable In the range until a NOREF pseudo instruction appears from the next line of the line which described the REF pseudo instruction the symbol defined or referred
66. eudo instruction is a pseudo instruction for defining a symbol and giving a value or an address value to the symbol 6 5 1 EQU pseudo instruction Syntax 92 6 5Symbol definition pseudo instruction symbol EQU simple expression Description An EQU pseudo instruction defines a local symbol The symbol to define is specified as symbol and the simple type which does not include forward reference is specified as simple expression The symbol defined by the EQU pseudo instruction has the value and attribute of simple expression That is the symbol to define is an absolute symbol when simple expression is constant expression When simple expression is a simple relocatable expression the symbol to define is a simple relocatable symbol Moreover if simple expression is a numerical value type expression the usage type of a symbol is NUMBER or FLOAT and if simple expression is an address type a symbol has the property of the address of simple expression Supplement The symbol already defined cannot be specified as symbol When the usage type of the symbol defined by this pseudo instruction is except NUMBER FLOAT and NONE RASi3 confirms whether the usage type of the kind of memory and a symbol to the address is right When the kind and usage type of memory are not right RASi3 displays warning 6 5 2 Pseudo instruction Syntax symbol simple expression Description The pseudo instruction defines a local symbol The symbo
67. f a NPR option does not create a list file However when the A option is specified concurrently a list file will be created even if there is specification of NPR When omitting a PR option and a NPR option a list file is created and a list file name becomes what changed the extension of a source file name into LST A corresponding pseudo instruction Instead of specifying a PR option you may describe a PRN pseudo instruction in a program Moreover you may describe a NOPRN pseudo instruction in a program instead of specifying a NPR option Priority is given to specification of an option when specifying both an option and a pseudo instruction Please refer to a PRN NOPRN pseudo instruction about a PRN pseudo instruction and a NOPRN pseudo instruction Example RASi3 FOO ASM PROUTPUT LST A list file OUTPUT LST is created in this example RASi3 FOO ASM NPR A list file is not created in this example Supplement A PR option and a NPR option cannot be specified concurrently 4 2The feature of each option 4 2 2 L NL Syntax L NL Description When a L option is specified each statement until a NOLIST pseudo instruction appears in a program is outputted to an assembly list When a NL option is specified each statement until a LIST pseudo instruction appears in a program is not outputted to an assembly list However a statement induding an error will be outputted to an assembly list even if the NL option is sp
68. f argument is not null statement If argument specified as the IFNB pseudoinstruction is not null statement conditions will become truly Conditions will become false if argument is null statement 6 10 Listing control pseudo instruction 6 10 1 TITLE pseudo instruction Syntax TITLE string Description A TITLE pseudo instruction specifies the title of a print file This title is outputted to the header of each page of a print file The character string of less than 70 characters made into a title is specified as string If the character string exceeding 70 characters is specified as string it will be ignored after the 71st character 98 6 10Listing control pseudo instruction Although two or more TITLE pseudo instructions can be used into a program available TITLE is specified at the end An abbreviation of a TITLE pseudo instruction does not output a title to the header of a print file 6 10 2 PAGE pseudo instruction Syntax PAGE ine column Description The PAGE pseudo instruction without an operand has a different feature from a PAGE pseudo instruction with an operand The PAGE pseudo instruction which does not specify an operand inserts a form feed in a print file forced It becomes the next page from the line the PAGE pseudo instruction was described to be As for the operand of a PAGE pseudo instruction the number of lines of each page of a print file and the number of characters of each line are specifi
69. ged after changing into a capital letter all the alphabetic characters currently used for the symbol It is stored in the symbol information on a list file or an object file by the name changed into the capital letter When a NC option is omitted the capital letter and small letter of an alphabetic character are distinguished Only the user symbol defined in programs such as a label and a segment name and the SFR symbol defined in a DCL file distinguish the capital letter and small letter of an alphabetic character and is controlled Reserved word such as an instruction and a pseudo instruction is not concerned with option specification and cannot distinguish the capital letter and small letter of an alphabetic character Example When assembling source file FOO ASM without distinguishing a capital letter and a small letter it types as follows RASi3 FOO ASM NC 27 4Command Line Option 4 2 8 DEF Syntax DEF symbol boay Description A JDEF option defines a macro symbol A blank character cannot be inserted between symbol and and between and body When body is omitted body is assigned to the macro symbol symbol L is assigned to the macro body when body is omitted A corresponding pseudo instruction Instead of specifying this option it is also possible to define a macro symbol using a DEFINE pseudo instruction Example When assembling source file FOO ASM defining a macro body
70. gram 4 message An end message is the list which is outputted when an assemble is completed and displays the number of an error or warning The following options or pseudo instructions are used and the output of a list file can be controlled Pseudo instruction Option Whole of list file PRN NOPRN PR NPR Assembly list LIST NOLIST L NL Cross reference list REF NOREF R NR Symbol list SYM NOSYM 15 NS 113 7List file 7 1 Reading of an assembly list 114 The example of an assembly list is shown below RASi3 Target Relocatable Assembler Ver x xx Assembly list Page lt 1 Source File filename 2 Object File filename 3 Date date day time lt 4 Title title lt 5 Loc Object Line Source Statements 6 7 8 9 10 Target Core Type Machine Type lt 11 Errors lt 12 Warnings lt 13 Lines ut lt 14 DRA ARAB 1 This line is displayed at the head of each page of an assembling list The target model name specified by the TYPE pseudo instruction goes into 7arget and the number of pages goes into 2 An input source file name is displayed 3 An object file name is displayed 4 Thedate and time which s
71. he language is given CSTRUCTMEM 5 9Restriction of a basic instruction The structure member definition information on the C language is given After CSTRUCTTAG CUNIONTAG The union tag definition information the language is given CUNIONMEM The union member definition information on the C language is given After CUNIONTAG CENUMTAG The tag definition information on the enumerated type variable of the C language is given CENUMMEM The member definition information on the enumerated type variable of the C languageis given After CENUMTAG CTYPEDEF The definition information on typedef of the C language is given CENVINFO The information on compile environment is given CMACINFO The macro information on the C language is given 83 6Pseudo instruction 6 1 Assembling initial setting pseudo instruction An assembler initialization pseudo instruction is for setting assembling conditions to RASi3 Therefore it is necessary to describe an assembler initial setting pseudo instruction to the beginning of a program 6 1 1 TYPE pseudo instruction Syntax TYPE device name device name Target device name Description A TYPE pseudo instruction is a pseudo instruction for specifying the DCL file name corresponding to the target target device RASi3 reads the information on a DCL file that device name is used into a base
72. his segment symbol is specified as the operand of a RELSEG pseudo instruction Moreover segment symbol can also be used for the operand of an instruction In this case segment symbol indicates the base address of a relocatable segment and the value under assemble is set to 0 seg typ The segment type showing the kind of address space which assigns a relocatable segment is specified as seg typ Only one can be specified out of the following segment type Segment type Allocated Memory space CODE CODE address space PRAM PRAM address space XRAM XRAM address space XROM XROM address space YRAM YRAM address space YROM YROM address space boundary The boundary value of a head address when a relocatable segment is assigned is specified as boundary This is called boundary value attribute of a logical segment The integer constant is specified as boundary An abbreviation of boundary specifies 1 access The keyword SHORT10 SHORT12 and LONG16 showing the attribute of the address range is specified as access The meaning of each keyword is as follows 85 6Pseudo instruction The attribute of the Allocated address range address range SHORT10 OH 3FFH SHORT 12 OH OFFFH LONG16 OH OFFFFH A segment symbol is described in link atr linkage attribute In the same source file the two segment which has the pair of linkage attribute is allocated the segment start address of respectively same value by Linker Examp
73. ification as follows lt Drive gt lt directory gt Base name gt lt extension gt Moreover the combination of a drive and a directory is called a path Example C ICORE MACI3 SRC SAMPLE ASM Each part of the file specification in this example is as follows Name Each part of file specification Path C X COREXMACI 3X SRCY Drive C Directory X COREXMACI 3X SRCY Base name SAMPLE Extension ASM A maximum of 255 characters can be specified and a LongFilename can also be specified as file designation The character which can be used for a file name and an extension is as follows A Z 2 0 9 _ underscore dot tilde The operation is not guaranteed when characters other than the above are used It depends for characters other than the above on OS which uses an assembler However a blank character is not concerned with OS but serves as an error Each input and output file designation is performed by the starting option or a pseudo instruction When specifying a file depending on the kind of file only specification or path and file name of only a path can be specified In this case RASi3 applies default specification of file specification Moreover when only dot is specified as an extension it is judged that RASi3 is a file without an extension 11 2Introduction 2 4 Environment variable RASi3 uses an environment variable DCLI3 An environment variable DCLI3 is used when RASi3 sear
74. ified as error_file an error message will be outputted to the file When an operand is omitted please refer to the default of file specification about the default in the case of omitting a part of error file A NE option directs to display an error message on a screen standard output to RASi3 By a default an error message is displayed on a screen Only an assembling error message and a warning message can control the output place of an error message by a E option When you also output a fatal error message and an internal processing error message to a file collectively please use the redirection feature of DOS A corresponding pseudo instruction Instead of specifying a E option you may describe an ERR pseudo instruction in a program Moreover you may describe a NOERR pseudo instruction in a program instead of specifying a NE option Priority is given to specification of an option when specifying both an option and a pseudo instruction Please refer to ERR NOERR pseudo instruction about an ERR pseudo instruction and a NOERR pseudo instruction Example RASi3 FOO ASM EERROR LST Making of an error file ERROR LST is specified in this example Supplement E and a NE option cannot be specified concurrently 4 2 6 O NO Syntax Olobject_file NO Description An object file is created when a O option is used An object file name is specified as object_file Please refer to the default of file designation
75. ight term Zeros are shifted in from the least significant bit 5 7 2 4 Relational operator A relational operation performs numerical size comparison and equivalent comparison The operation of numerical value types or the address type comrade with 50 5 7Expression the same type is allowed Operator Left term gt Right term Returns TRUE if left term is grater than right term otherwise returns FALSE Left term gt Right term Returns TRUE if left term is grater than or equal right term otherwise returns FALSE Left term Right term Returns TRUE if left term is less than right term otherwise returns FALSE Left term lt Right term Returns TRUE if left term is less than or equal to right term otherwise returns FALSE ciated s right term otherwise returns FALSE sp toright term otherwise returns FALSE 5 7 2 5 Spedial operator A special iL is a special operator which be used by RASi3 LONG LONG TEE term Addressing of a basic instruction is managed as long SHORT SHORT Right term Addressing of a basic instruction is managed as short SIN Right term A numerical value type SIN operation result is got COS Right term numerical value type COS operation result is got EXP Right term A numerical value type exponential function is got logarithm is got logarithm is got got 51 TAN Right term A numerical value type TAN operati
76. ing the contents of the DCL file absolutely If the contents of the DCL file are rewritten it may become impossible to process assembling normally The contents defined as the DCL file are explained below 2 2 1 Identification information on a target device The name of a target device is defined RLi3 is confirming whether a modular link is possible with reference to the identification information on a target device when linking 2 2 2 The range of the memory space which can be used RASi3 determines the useful range of program memory space and data memory space based on this information Furthermore the value of the operand which accesses the target memory is checked Thereis the following kind of the information about memory space 1 The address range of program memory P memory space and data memory X memory Y memory space 2 The address range of special areas such as a SFR area 2 2 3 Access allowed to SFR RASi3 checks access to a SFR area based on this information 2 2 4 The reserved word showing an address RASi3 gets the usage type which the value of the reserved word showing the address and reserved word from this information Specifically the register name currently assigned tothe SFR area is defined These reserved words can be used instead of an address by an operand 10 2 3File specification 2 3 File specification In RASi3 a file is specified as an input or an output This manual defines such file spec
77. inition method of a scope symbol is as follows scope tag SCOPE global sym1 global sym2 scope sym symbol definition sentence ENDC The SCOPE pseudo instruction and the ENDC pseudo instruction indicate beginning and the end of a scope respectively scope tag indicates a scope name and scope sym indicates a scope symbol name global sym 1 and 2 indicate the global symbol used within a scope When a SCOPE pseudo instruction with the same scope tag already exists they are managed as the same scope T he scope symbol name defined within the scope becomes available only within the same scope 45 5Language specification 46 The method of describing in the case of referring to a scope symbol and a global symbol inside a scope and outside a scope is shown below Symbol type Inside of a scope Outside of a scope The symbol defined within the scope scope sym scope tagl scope sym scope tagl The symbol defined within the scope tag2 scope sym scope tag2 scope sym different scope scope tag2 global sym the SCOPE pseudo instruction global sym Example global sym EQU 10h scope tagl SCOPE global sym scope sym EQU 30h DW global sym gt 10h value of the operand of DW DW Scope sym gt 30h ENDC scope tag2 SCOPE scope sym EQU 40h DW global sym gt 10h DW scope tagl scope sym gt 30h ENDC DW global sym gt 10h DW scope tagl scope sym gt 30h DW scope tag2 scope sym gt 40h
78. ion and performed operation 5 7 2 The feature of a operator The feature of all the operators currently prepared for RASi3 is explained Thefollowing term is used in explanation Leftterm Itis the expression located in the left of a operator Right term It is the expression located in the right of a operator True It means that the value it is an offset value in the case of an address type of an expression is except zero False It means that the value it is an offset value in the case of an address type of an expression is O TRUE Numerical value type 1 is meant FALSE Numerical value type 0 is meant 49 5Language specification 5 7 2 1 Arithmetic operator Right term Positive unary operator Left term Leftterm Rightterm term Addition Right term Negative unary operator Subtraction LJ Lettterm Rightterm Division 1 Left term Right term 5 7 2 2 Logical operator FALSE otherwise MM mdi FALSE otherwise Right term TRUE if the expression is true FALSE if false 5 7 2 3 Bit logical operator Lettem Rigttem Logical OR Leftterm Right term ExdusveOR o oo sit mvrsin _ Left term gt gt Right term Shifts left term to the right by the number of bits given by right term Zeros are shifted in from the most significant bit Left term lt lt Right term Shifts left term to the left by the number of bits given by r
79. iption of an operand is wrong Specification of addressing has mistaken or it is possible whether there to be or many operands are few In a pseudoinstruction it is possible that a format and 121 8A message and end code 122 001 004 005 006 007 008 009 010 011 012 013 014 018 description of each pseudo instruction are not in agreement bad syntax It is the basic syntax mistake before recognizing an instruction bad character c XX The character c ASCII code XX cannot be used by a program illegal escape sequence format illegal integer constant Description of the number of settings or an address constant is wrong unexpected EOL The character constant c or the character string constant has not closed unexpected EOF The character constant or the character string constant has not closed illegal string constant A character string constant has an invalid description string constant too long The number of characters of a character string constant is over 256 characters illegal option option option is not accepted as an option This specification is ignored constant required The number of settings needs to be specified for the operand or option of an instruction declaration duplicated The same pseudo instruction or the same option is specified 2 times or more location out of range The location has exceeded the stipulated range This error ta
80. is indicated 2Introduction 2 Introduction 2 1The flow of program development Here the flow of the work when developing the program created by the assembly language using a MACi3 assembler package is explained Since this manual does not explain debuggi ng of a program please refer to the manual of the debugger to be used Theflow of program development is shown in Fig 1 1 Please let the following explanation correspond with the number in a figure and read it 1 A program is described using a general text editor The file which described the program is called a source file ASM file 2 A source file is assembled using RASi3 and an object file OBJ file is created A list file LST file is also created at this time Moreover an error message can also be outputted to a file 3 An object file DBJ file can be registered into a library file LIB file using the library feature of RLi3 The development performance of a program can be raised by registering a flexible program into a library file A library file can be used as an input of RLi3 A list file LST file can also be created This is a file including the list of the object modules and public symbols which are registered intothe library 4 All the object files that constitute a program using the linkage feature of RLi3 are combined and one absolute object file ABS file is created RLi3 solves the external reference between object files or assigns a logi
81. is updated by the specified address by address When address is omitted a segment is started from the address following the end address of the absolute segment defined by the last YRAMSEG pseudo instruction When there is no YRAMSEG pseudo instruction before a segment is started from the minimum value of a YRAM address space Supplement The value specified as address must be within the limits of the YRAM address space defined by the DCL file 6 3 6 YROMSEG pseudo instruction Syntax YROMSEG address Description A YROMSEG pseudo instruction declares the start of an absolute YROM segment definition The start address of a logical segment is specified as address The address is the constant expression which does not contain forward reference The value of a location counter is updated by the specified address by address When address is omitted a segment is started from the address following the end address of the absolute segment defined by the last YROMSEG pseudo instruction When there is no YROMSEG pseudo instruction before a segment is started from the minimum value of a YROM address space Supplement The value specified as address must be within the limits of the YROM address space defined by the DCL file 89 6Pseudo instruction 6 3 7 RELSEG pseudo instruction Syntax RELSEG seg sym Description A RELSEG pseudo instruction declares the start of a relocatable segment definition The segment symbol of a relo
82. kes place when AT address of segment start specification CSEG pseudo instruction etc or the start address of an ORG pseudo instruction is over the maximum or minimum of segment restrictions or when the location updated by an instruction and pseudo instruction exceeds the maximum of a segment segment type usage type mismatch The segment type or you sage type which an instruction requires and the specified type are not in agreement This error is occurred when as follows The you sage type of the address of segment start specification 019 020 021 023 025 026 028 029 031 8 2Error message list is not in agreement with a current segment type The you sage type of the operand of a symbol definition pseudo instruction is not in agreement with the type of an instruction DS pseudo instruction is described in a bit system segment The DBIT pseudo instruction is described in a byte system segment DB pseudo instruction and DW pseudo instruction are described to segments other than CODE XRAM XROM YRAM and YROM undefined symbol symbol symbol is not defined segment symbol required A segment symbol is required for the operand of a RELSEG pseudo instruction forward reference not allowed It is performing refer to the front Many pseudo instructions have not permitted refer to the front to an operand Moreover you have to define the segment name specified as a RELSEG pseudo instructi
83. l to define is specified as symbol and the simple type which does not include forward reference is specified as simple_expression The symbol defined by the pseudo instruction has the value and attribute of simple_expression That is the symbol defined is an absolute symbol when simple expression is constant expression When simple expression is a simple relocatable expression the symbol defined is a simple relocatable symbol Moreover if simple expression is a numerical value type expression the usage type of a symbol will serve as NUMBER or FLOAT and if simple expression is an address type a symbol has the property of the address of simple expression Supplement The symbol defined by the pseudo instruction can be redefined by an pseudo instruction 93 6Pseudo instruction 6 5 3 DEFINE pseudo instruction Syntax DEFINE def sym body Description A DEFINE pseudo instruction defines a macro symbol A DEFINE pseudo instruction assigns def body to def sym If symbol appears source statement after this definition RASi3 will be replaced to def body of it and will assemble it The number of characters which can be specified as def_body is a maximum of 255 bytes In def body you may describe another macro symbol In this case RASi3 performs still more macroscopic replacement when replacing the first macro As for a maximum of 8 level the macroscopic nest is allowed Supplement A macro symbol can be
84. le segl SEGMENT XROM seg2 X memories Y memory seg SEGMENT YROM segl Dod RELSEG 5 01 x_data XROM YROM DW 10h 20h x_data segl y_data seg2 RELSEG seg2 XRAM y_data OF FFF OF FFF DW 30h 40h In this case segl and seg2 are assigned to the address with respectively same X memory and Y memory Supplement In the following description RASi3 outputs an assembling error 1 When a segment symbol with segment type on the same memory space is described 2 When a linkage attribute is specified to a segment type CODE segment 3 When the segment name which is not defined in the source file is described 6 2 2 STACKSEG pseudo instruction Syntax STACKSEG seq type size Description A STACKSEG pseudo instruction defines a stack segment seg type is the segment which assigns a stack area and can specify XRAM or YRAM The size of a stack area is specified as s ze If STACKSEG pseudo instruction is specified RASi3 defines a stack segment which are named as a XSTACK or a YSTACK Although XSTACK or YSTACK is one of the relocatable segments it cannot specify XSTACK or YSTACK as the operand of a RELSEG pseudo instruction 86 6 3Segment control pseudo instruction Supplement The initial value of a stack pointer i e the end address of a stack segment can be referred to by XSP YSP XSP or _ Y SP is the symbol prepared in order to access SP
85. lease ensure that the external conditions are reflected in the actual circuit and assembly designs When developing and evaluating your product please use our product below the specified maximum ratings and within the specified operating ranges including but not limited to operating voltage power dissipation and operating temperature Oki assumes no responsibility or liability whatsoever for any failure or unusual or unexpected operation resulting from misuse neglect improper installation repair alteration or accident improper handling or unusual physical or electrical stress including but not limited to exposure to parameters beyond the specified maximum ratings or operation outside the specified operating range Neither indemnity against nor license of a third party s industrial and intellectual property right etc is granted by us in connection with the use of the product and or the information and drawings contained herein No responsibility is assumed by us for any infringement of a third party s right which may result from the use thereof The products listed in this document are intended for use in general electronics equipment for commercial applications e g office automation communication equipment measurement equipment consumer electronics etc and especially only for use in development and evaluation of control programs for equipment and systems These products are not authorized for other use as an embedded devi
86. level of a duplicate type is unrestricted 95 6Pseudo instruction 6 8 Assembling control pseudo instruction 6 8 1 INCLUDE pseudo instruction Syntax INCLUDE file name Description An INCLUDE pseudo instruction reads the include file specified by e name Description of an INCLUDE pseudo instruction inserts the contents of the include file in the position An INCLUDE pseudo instruction is further used in an include file and another file can be inserted A maximum of 8 levels can nest an INCLUDE pseudo instruction When END pseudo instruction is detected in an include file RASi3 stops the assemble after the END pseudo instruction in the include file and returns to assemble processing of the source file which called the indude file An includefileis searched in following order 1 Current directory 2 Search path specified as the option 6 8 2 END pseudo instruction 96 Syntax END Description An END pseudo instruction is a pseudo instruction for informing RASi3 about the end of a program RASi3 assembles even an END pseudo instruction Even if it has described the source statement after an END pseudo instruction RASi3 ignores it Moreover when an END pseudo instruction is an include file RASi3 stops assembling after the END pseudo instruction in the include file and returns to assembling processi ng of the source file which called the include file 6 9Condition assembling pseudo instruction
87. llowing is an example of the option definition file for assembling MAIN ASM with a R and NL option Sample of an option definition file BAR OPT MAIN ASM Specification of a source file E The output of an error file is confirmed R NL Output item change of a list file 18 4 1Option list 4 Command Line Option By specifying an option operation of RASi3 and the form of an output file are controllable All options start in an option head character and an option name continues There are some which can specify a parameter after that depending on the kind of option An option head character may specify whichever of a slash or Haiphong For convenience the slash is used in subsequent explanation Either a capital letter or a small letter can be used for an option name A space cannot be inserted between an option head character and an option name and between an option name and a parameter A pseudo instruction with the completely same feature exists in some options 4 1 Option list The option which RASi3 prepares is shown below Feature A corresponding pseudo instruction L ine_switch line switch 0 1 Line Output OFF Line Output ON A list file is outputted PRN An assembling list is outputted to a LIST list file line switch controls the output of the source file line number displayed on an assembling list An assembling list i
88. lue of the expression described by the operand confirms whether be within the limits of the value of each addressing An error is outputted when a value is exceeds the range Usage type check The usage type of operand confirms whether suit with the usage type which can be described Warning is outputted when it does not suit Address check The value of the expression described by the operand confirms whether be in the memory area specified as the address space An error is outputted when a value exceeds the range Below the usage type table in which the range of the value for every addressing an object instruction and description are possible is shown Each addressing is described by the position of in a table Moreover please refer to the specification of Core3 about the operand which can be described tor r1 r2 cc A Ad and ea B xxx 16 xxx 18 Addressing The range of a Object instruction Usage type Address space C j j 0H OFFFFH JMP cc CODE JMPD cc JSR cc JSRD cc CODE OH 3FFFFH JMP cc JMPD cc CODE JSR cc JSRD cc 70 5 8Addressing B xxx 16 Addressing The range of a Object instruction Usage type Address space value xxx 16 OFFFFH MOVX r NUMBER XRAM XROM SELX imm 4 XROM MOVX r NUMBER XRAM SELX r XRAM SETX imm 4 CLRX imm4 NUMBER
89. lumn end column Description A CLINE pseudo instruction defines the information about the line number of C source program Supplement 108 6 14C debugging information pseudo instruction The CLINE pseudo instruction must be defined as CFUNCTION between CFUNCTIONEND pseudo instructions 6 14 7 CGLOBAL pseudo instruction Syntax CGLOBAL file idusg typ attrib size line column variable name hierarchy Description A CGLOBAL pseudo instruction defines the information about the global variable defined in C source program The variable nameis the name of the global variable on C source program The symbol by which the underscore was added to the head of variable name is outputted to an assembly source file as a public symbol or a share symbol 6 14 8 CSGLOBAL pseudo instruction Syntax CSGLOBAL file jd attrib size line column variable name hierarchy Description A CSGLOBAL pseudo instruction defines the information about the static global variable defined C source program The variable name is the name of the static global variable on C source program The symbol by which the underscore was added to the head of variable name is outputted to an assembly source file as a public symbol or a share symbol 6 14 9 CLOCAL pseudo instruction Syntax CLOCAL attrib size line column offset block variable hierarchy Description A CLOCAL pseudo instruction defines the information about the local variable
90. me when performing a multiplex loop And use of an instruction of the following in an address or the address in front of two of them GJ MP D cc SR D cc RET I D cc RETICE cc REP TRAP DO EXIT cc The following instructions are used in front of the four address of the end address The instruction which changes the value of LC MOVXY MOVX MOVY MOV The instruction which changes the value of LE MOV Useof DO instruction over program space Prohibition of arrangement of the end address to a different relocatable segment Use of the instruction which changes a PPC register within the DO loop When the following instructions which may change a PPC register are used within the DO loop RASi3 outputs warning G MP D cc SR D cc RET I D cc RETICE cc 5 9 5 Use restrictions of program control instruction Let the following instructions be disables within 2 instructions from immediately after G MP D G SR D RET I D RETICE EXIT instruction G MP D cc G SR D cc RET I D cc RETICE cc DO EXIT REP TRAP 79 6Pseudo instruction 6 Pseudo instruction In this section the details of the pseudo instruction which can be specified by RASi3 are explained A pseudo instruction is an instruction which RASi3 prepares uniquely and aims at performing control of management of a program or assembling processing The list of the pseudo instructions which can be used b
91. n out of range The real arrangement address of the CODE segment which uses an overlay feature has pointed out the address in which ROM does not exist 080 illegal range The specified area is wrong This error is occurred when an area which is different from the existing area when the range which cannot be specified as a B option is specified and a start address is a larger address than an end address is specified 082 missing member directives for previous CxxxTAG directive To a CSTRUCTTAG pseudo instruction when a CSTRUCTMEM pseudo instruction is insufficient when a CENUMMEM pseudo instruction is insufficient this error occurs to a 126 083 084 085 086 087 088 089 090 091 092 093 094 095 096 097 8 2Error message list CENUMTAG pseudo instruction unclosed CBLOCK directive exist Correspondence of a CBLOCK pseudoinstruction and a CBLOCKEND pseudo instruction cannot be taken When the end of the case where CFUNCTIONEND pseudoinstruction appears with no CBLOCKEND pseudo instruction corresponding to a CBLOCK pseudo instruction or sauce is reached this error occurs unclosed CFUNCTION directive exist segment address mismatch The segment is changing before the CFUNCTIONEND pseudo instruction which corresponds from a CFUNCTION pseudo instruction RASi3 cannot output the right C debugging information It is the instruction which cannot be described immediately after the instruction in f
92. name and it uses DCL as an extension A DCL fileis searched in the following order 1 Current directory 2 The directory where started RASi3 E XE exists 3 The directory specified as the environment variable DCLi3 RASi3 reads the contents of the DCL file before assembling processing Even if an error is in the contents of the DCL file it reads to the end of a DCL file RASi3 will be ended if all DCL errors to occur are displayed If reading of a DCL file is normal assembling of a source file will be started continuously Supplement You have to specify pseudo instruction or a T option Moreover you have to specify a TYPE pseudo instruction at the head of a program If a TYPE pseudo instruction is specified twice or more RASi3 will output a fatal error 84 6 2Segment definition pseudo instruction 6 2 Segment definition pseudo instruction Segment definition pseudo instructions include the STACKSEG pseudo instruction which defines the SEGMENT pseudo instruction and stack segment which define a relocatable segment 6 2 1 SEGMENT pseudo instruction Syntax segment symbol SEGMENT seg type boundary access nk atr Description A SEGMENT pseudo instruction defines a relocatable segment A relocatable segment can be defined as one program to 65535 pieces The number called segment ID in order of a definition is given to each segment segment symbol is used for discernment of a relocatable segment T
93. nditional branch Inside of a CODE segment GJ SR cc GJ SRD cc It changes into the optimal subroutine call Inside of a CODE segment C debugging information 82 CFILE Thefileinformation on the C language is given CFUNCTION The function starting position of the C language is shown After CFILE CFUNCTIONEND The function end position of the C language is shown After CFUNCTION CARGUMENT The funcion argument definition information on the C language is given After CFUNCTION CBLOCK The block starting position of the C language is shown After CFUNCTION CBLOCKEND The block end position of the C language is shown After Corresponding CBLOCK CLABEL The label information on language is given definition the C After CFUNCTION CLINE The line number of the C language is given After CFUNCTION CGLOBAL The global variable definition information on the C language is given CSGLOBAL The static global variable definition information on the C language is given Just before corresponding area CLOCAL The local variable definition information on the C language is given Between CBLOCK CBLOCKEND and CSLOCAL variable the C The static local information language is given Between CBLOCK CBLOCKEND and CSTRUCTTAG The structure tag definition information t
94. o instruction 110 Syntax CUNIONTAG e fn id block id su total mem total size line column tag CUNIONMEM attrib size line column member hierarchy Description These pseudo instructions define the information about the union described on C source program A CUNIONTAG pseudo instruction defines the tag of a common object and a CUNIONMEM pseudcinstruction defines the union member defined by the CUNIONTAG pseudo instruction described just before Supplement These pseudo instructions must be defined as CBLOCK between CBLOCKEND pseudo instructi ons 6 14C debugging information pseudo instruction 6 14 13 CENUMTAG CENUMMEM pseudo instruction Syntax CENUMTAG file id fn_id block id enum id total mem line column tag name CENUMMEM value ine column member Description These pseudo instructions define the information about the enumerator type described on C source program A CENUMTAG pseudo instruction defines an enumerator tag and CENUMMEM pseudo instruction defines the enumrator list of the CENUMTAG pseudo instruction described just before Supplement These pseudo instructions must be defined as CBLOCK between CBLOCKEND pseudo instructi ons 6 14 14 CTYPEDEF pseudo instruction Syntax CTYPEDEF i e jd fn id block attrib line column type hierarchy Description A CTYPEDEF pseudo instruction defines the information about the type defined by typedef in C so
95. of a function and a CFUNCTIONEND pseudo instruction defines the end of a function The n d is a function identification number and it is used for evaluation of the value 107 6Pseudo instruction described by the 7_ d parameter of other C debugging information pseudo instructions 6 14 3 CARGUMENT pseudo instruction Syntax CARGUMENT attrib size line column offset phy seg variable hierarchy Description A CARGUMENT pseudo instruction defines the information about the argument of the function of C source program 6 14 4 CBLOCK CBLOCKEND pseudo instruction Syntax CBLOCK d block id line no CBLOCKEND d block id line no Description These pseudo instructions define the start and end of block description in the function in C source program A CBLOCK pseudoinstruction defines the starting position of a block A CBLOCKEND pseudo instruction defines the end position of a block Supplement These pseudo instructions must be defined as CFUNCTION between CFUNCTIONEND pseudo instructions 6 14 5 CLABEL pseudo instruction Syntax CLABEL no label Description A CLABEL pseudo instruction relates the label described on C source program and the label in the assembly source which CCi3 compiler outputs Supplement The CLABEL pseudo instruction must be defined as CFUNCTION between CFUNCTIONEND pseudo instructions 6 14 6 CLINE pseudo instruction Syntax CLINE neatr line start co
96. on in addition to it symbol redefinition symbol symbol is already defined segment D mismatch When specifying a relocatable address as the operand of an ORG pseudo instruction by a relocatable segment the expression must indicate the address of a current segment address not allowed When a current segment is an ANY type relocatable segment if the address of an ORG pseudo instruction is not an integer type NUMBER it will not become local symbol required symbol symbol which makes a public declaration must be defined as a local symbol out of range message The value of an operand is over the range of regular The name of a concrete area is displayed on message illegal relocation type Boundary value specification of a SEGMENT pseudo instructi on or a COMM pseudo instruction or specification of a special area attribute is wrong 123 8A message and end code 033 entry overflow The number of a segment symbol a share symbol or external symbols is over 65535 Or there are too many areas added by the B option 034 string constant required A character string constant is required for the operand of a TITLE pseudo instruction Or the operand form of C debugging pseudo instruction is wrong 035 absolute expression required If an operand is not constant expression it will not become This error is occurred when neither the operand of many pseudo instructions nor the shift width of a rotate shift instruction is constant
97. on result is got 5Language specification is got Nu AN numerical value type decimal fraction is got POW Right term1 Right The number of Right term2 power of term2 Right term1 BITREV BITREV Right The bit of right term1 corresponding Right term2 toright term2 is reversed Qn Qn Right term The number of bits of fraction part is 0 15 set to n and the decimal fraction of a dedmal number is changed into a hexadeci mal Warning is outputted when the changed valueis larger than 65535 Only when it describes as an expression to the operand of the basic instruction from which the size of the machine code generated according to the size of addressing changes a LONG operator and a SHORT operator have a meaning It is ignored when described by the other part When a LONG operator is described in the expression of an operand the instruction is changed into the machine code of 2 word size and it is changed into the machine code of 1 word size when a SHORT operator is described An example is shown below Example RELSEG segsym Pseudo instruction which specifies the start ofa relocatable segment rel sym MOV RAO LONG rel sym t is changed into 2 word machine code MOV RAO SHORT rel sym t is changed into 1 word machine code JMP 100H 4 ONG rel sym t is changed into 2 word machine code JMP 100H4SHORT sym t is changed into 1 word machine code MOVX X LO
98. ortage of disk storage capacity 004 error s found in DCL file In the DCL file a certain one or more grammar errors were found In this case since an assembling result is not secured an assembler outputs this error message and ends processing As long as the original DCL file which our company provides is used this error does not occur 005 file seek error Seeking of a file cannot be performed 006 too many INCLUDE nesting levels The nesting level of an include file is over 8 007 line number overflow 9 999 999 The number of lines of one source program total including an include file is over 9 999 999 008 I O error writing file The writing to an object file is not made 009 TYPE directive missing Specification of TYPE target device name is not in a source program Or another instruction is described before a TYPE pseudo instruction 010 unclosed block comment A block comment has not closed 011 illegal reading binary file message The contents of the ABL file are not right The contents of the error are displayed on message When this error occurs please confirm the following thing first Has not the error except for warning occurred in the first assembling sn t the source file edited after the first assembling Are various options and an include path in agreement by the first assembling and re assembling Has not the fatal error of those other than addressing relation occurred at the time of a link
99. pe definition pseudo instruction 6 12 1 SCOPE pseudo instruction Syntax scope tag SCOPE symbol ENDC Description A SCOPE pseudo instruction declares from the description to ENDC pseudo instruction as a scope area scope tag is the symbol which shows a scope area name and calls it a scope tag global symbol is the global symbol name used in a scope area and calls it a scope symbol Some scope areas with the same scope tag name are managed as the same scope Supplement The nest of a scope pseudo instruction cannot be described 6 13 Optimization pseudo instruction i Core3 has some branch instruction Instead of describing such branch instruction directly RASi3 is changed into the optimal instruction according to the distance to the address value of a branch place or a branch place by using an optimization pseudo instruction 6 13 1 GJMP GJMPD GJSR GJSRD pseudo instruction Syntax GJMP cc abel GJSR c abe Description GJ MP pseudo instruction optimize a branch instruction GJ SR pseudo instruction opti mize a subroutine call label is a symbol showing a branch place and it is also possible to specify a temporary 106 6 14C debugging information pseudo instruction symbol Moreover if only a label is described to the operand of a basic instruction of J MP J SR RASi3 performs optimization equivalent to an optimization pseudo instruction However if an expression is describ
100. pe tag 7 Temporary Symbol symbol type usgtyp value def line 8 S ID symbol segtyp size bound link attribute 9 10 11 12 13 14 EKKE KKK KKK KKK 1 This line is displayed at the head of each page of symbol list Target is the target model name specified by the TYPE pseudo instruction and page number goes into 2 A symbol nameis displayed on alphabetic order 3 Thetype of a symbol is displayed The kind of type is shown below seg segment symbol 116 7 3Reading of a symbol list mcr macroscopic symbol tmp temporary symbol scp scope symbol loc other user symbols def DEFINE symbol ext external symbol com communal symbol pub public symbol sfr SFR symbol undefined symbol 4 Theusagetype of a symbol is displayed 5 Thevalue of symbol is displayed In the case of a macro symbol the number of lines of the macro body is displayed on value 6 ID of a segment symbol a communal symbol and a external symbol is displayed In the case of a simple relocatable symbol ID of the segment to which the symbol belongs is displayed 7 Thetag name of a scope is displayed 8 Theline number by which the temporary symbol was defined is displayed 9 Theorder of a definition of a segment symbol is displayed 10 The name of a segment sym
101. pplement If two or more these pseudo instructions were specified it was specified effectively first Moreover priority is given to specification of E and a NE option over specification of a pseudo instruction 6 10 8 OBJ NOOBJ pseudo instruction Syntax OBJ specification NOOBJ Description These pseudo instructions control making of an object file Specification of an pseudo instruction creates an object file An object file name is specified as file specification Specification of a NOOBJ pseudo instruction does not create an object file An object file is created if an pseudoinstrucion and a NOOBJ pseudo instruction are omitted The object file name this case is replaced to OBJ of the extension of a source file name Supplement If two or more these pseudo instructions were specified it was specified effectively first Moreover priority is given to O and a NO option over a pseudo instruction 6 11 Macro definition pseudo instruction A macro definition pseudo instruction registers the statements aggregate of processi ng of sequence defined as the macro body as a macro symbol If a macro symbol is described in a program RASi3 will expand during an assemble the statement defined as the macro body The syntax of a macro definition pseudo instruction is as follows name MACRO Loarameter Instruction statement macro body 102 6 11Macro definition pseudo instruction ENDM
102. referred to only after a DEFINE pseudo instruction defines 6 6 Address control pseudo instruction 6 6 1 ORG pseudo instruction Syntax ORG address Description An ORG pseudo instruction resets the value of the location counter of the logical segment which belongs as the value of address The features of an ORG pseudo instruction differ by the case where a logic segment is an absolute and the case where a logic segment is relocatable 1 When a logic segment belongs to an absolute segment The value of a location counter is set to address by the constant expression which does not include forward reference Constant expression must be a value more than the head address of the logic segment which belongs Moreover the value of constant expression must be in thetarget address space 2 When a logic segment belongs to a relocatable segment The value of a location counter is specified as address by the simple formula which does not indude forward reference When a simple type is an address type the present location counter is changed into the value of an expression When a simple type is constant expression the present current location is changed for the value of an expression as offset from the head of a segment When a simple relocatable symbol is contained in simple expression the 94 6 7Memory initialization pseudo instruction relocatable segment to which the simple relocatable symbol belongs must be the present relocatable segmen
103. register and in case use it you need to make an external reference declaration by EXTRN pseudo instruction 6 3 Segment control pseudo instruction Segment control pseudo instructions include CODESEG PRAMSEG XRAMSEG XROMSEG YRAMSEG and YROMSEG pseudo instruction which define an absolute segment and RELSEG pseudo instruction which defines a relocatable segment 6 3 1 CODESEG pseudo instruction Syntax CODESEG address CODESEG adadressOVL rea aaaress Description CODESEG pseudo instruction declares the start of an absolute CODE segment definition The definition with an OVL identifier is described when defining the absolute segment for overlay The start address of the logical segment to define is specified as address The address is the constant expression which does not include forward reference The value of a location counter is updated by the specified address by address When address is omitted a segment is started from the address following the end address of the absolute segment defined by the last CODESEG pseudo instruction When there is no CODESEG pseudo instruction before a segment is started from the minimum value of a CODE address space When using overlay the value of a label etc is solved by the value of address during an assemble but it is assigned to real address of a XROM area in practice Supplement The value specified as address must be within the limits of the CODE address space defined by the DCL fil
104. ront of bad mnemonic for foward mnemonic cna t put near DO end address It is the instruction which cannot be described before and after DO instruction and an address DO end address is specified at wrong place The description position of DO instruction and an address is inaccurate same DO end address exist It is the same and the address is specified missing operator LONG There is no LONG operator bad expression Description of an expression is not right can not scope nesting The nest of a SCOPE pseudo instruction cannot be performed not exist SCOPE directive A SCOPE pseudo instruction does not exist not exist MACRO directive A MACRO pseudo instruction does not exist MACRO symbol or SCOPE tag is used in operand Neither a MACRO symbol nor a SCOPE tag can be used for the operand of an instruction bad core name A core nameis inaccurate only foward reference symbol is allowed Only a front reference symbol is available 127 8A message and end code 098 CODE segment and ROM area only It is available only toa CODE segment and a ROM area 099 not exist SEGMENT directive A SEGMENT pseudo instruction does not exist 100 Bad parameter 101 Only can use head part of Macro body It can describe only into a macroscopic head part 102 too many define nesting levels There are too many nesting levels of DEFINE 103 illegal float constant It is an inaccurate floating decimal constant 104 out of memory range It is out
105. rs mal number to two characters YXhh hh is a hexadecimal number to two characters char indicates ASCII characters other than a b f n r t and v and is changed intothe ASCII code corresponding to a character j is a multi byte character 2 byte code and although this escape sequence can be used for a character string constant it cannot use it for a character constant 41 5Language specification 5 5 Multi byte character In RASi3 use of a Multi byte character is possible within a comment a block comment and a character string constant The multi byte character consists of 2 bytes of codes The kind of multi byte character code which can recognize RASi3 is a Shift J IS code The code of the multi byte character which RASi3 recognizes is shown below Shifts coe The 151 byte of 81H 9FH multi byte OE OH OF CH The 2nd byte of 40H 7EH multi byte 80H OF CH 5 6 Symbol A symbol is the character string of one or more characters which consists of an alphabetic character a number _ underscore and However the 1st character must not be a number This is for performing distinction on analysis with an integer constant and a fraction constant Although the number of characters of a symbol does not have restriction it ignores after it without recognizing the number of characters which RASi3 recognizes only to the 32nd character Symbols include a reserved word and a user symbol 5 6 1
106. ruction Same address register is used in MOVXY The same address register is used by the MOVXY instruction Same destination register is used in MOVXY The same destination register is used by the MOVXY instruction page of end address is different It is specified as the page address where the end addresses of DO instruction differ loop end address cannot be specified before current location The end address is specified in front of DO instruction forward mnemonic can t put near DO end address The forward instruction cannot be specified near end address of DO instruction RAM area only It is a description effective only in RAM area Base register is same as destination register in parallel instruction Cannot specify same Destination register as Base register in parallel instruction 8 2 3 Warning message Warning number An error message and explanation 002 003 005 006 option directive duplicated The pseudo instruction and option which were already specified are specified again This specification is ignored CPU type mismatch address expression required An address type is required This warning is occurred when a numerical type is specified as the right hand side of an OF FSET operator NUMBER expression required A numerical type is required This warning is occurred when an address is specified as the right hand side of BYTE1 BYTE2 BYTE3 BYTE4 WORD1 and WORD 2 operator and addressing which allow
107. ruction u N Nu a a 109 6 148 CLOCAL false instruction u u u uu u u u uuu 109 6 149 CSLOCAL false instruction a u au uapa a uuu 109 6 14 10 CSTRUCTTAG a CSTRUCTMEM false instruction seen 110 Chapter 1 Introduction 6 14 11 CUNIONTAG CUNIONMEM false instruction eerte 110 6 14 12 CENUMTAG CENUMMEM false instruction eese tenente 111 6 14 13 CTYPEDEF false instruction esses tete tette ntntn sns nsns n snnt 111 6 14 14 CENVINFO false instruction n cccccecccssscsssccscseccscsssssesesesesesesevecececsvecsceveceueceuetensesescsecececacacacacacavaravars 111 6 14 15 CMAINFO false instruction seen testet tette enses entren inset 112 7 Chapter EISUTI G io es eoe eet vocari si can ua ki colui 113 7 1 READING OF AN ASSEMBLY LIST ceccececsesececceceececceceaceccecearecsscearsesacsareceacearscearsansceansass 114 7 2 READING OF A CROSS REFERENCE LIST sscesescecceceececcececceccaceaseccacsarsceacsarsceacsaraceaeeees 115 7 3 READING OF A SYMBOL LIST c cscsccececcecceseccecceceaceccaceavsccacsacaceacsavsceacsavaceassevaceaesetaceateees 116 8 Chapter A message and end 118 8 1 FORM OF AN ERROR MESSAGE ce ccsssececceceseceacececcecacecescsceececacsceavancessacscearavaceatavsceacanecess 119 8 2 ERROR MESSAGE LIST 2 iie aec tuo dede Pa cte 119 82
108. ructions EQU CODESEG PRAMSEG XRAMSEG XROMSEG YRAMSEG YROMSEG 55 5Language specification 5 7 5 Operation rule Here the priority of a operator and the result of an expression are explained 5 7 5 1 The priority of a operator Each operator has a priority RASi3 evaluates an expression previously from the higher one of a priority When a priority is the same it evaluates according to unity The conversion table of a operator its priority and unity is shown below A priority turns into a high rank in this tablelike what has a small number I Operator Unity From the left to the right SIN COS TAN EXP LOG LOG10 SQRT From the right to ABS INT POW BITREV LONG the left SHORT and unary unary Qn From the left to the right 4 Binary operator Binary operator From the left to the right right ree QN right Fe right NENNEN ee right NNNM aa right EI Ee right right EX NM right 56 5 7Expression 5 7 5 2 Evaluation of an expression Here the evaluation rule of the expression of RASi3 is explained according to a operator Description restrictions of an expression and succession of each attribute are also covered by the rule defined here Thesign to be used Absnum A usage type NUMBER absolute numerical type is meant Absaddr absolute address type is meant Relnum A relocatable usage type NUMBER numerical type is meant Reladdr A relocata
109. s as follows 90 6 4Linkage control pseudo instruction The attribute of the Allocated address range address range SHORT 10 OH 3FFH SHORT 12 OH OFFFH LONG16 OH OFFFFH Supplement The usage type and access must be the same types as the symbol defined by the external module When unmatched RLi3 outputs an error The symbol already defined cannot be specified as symbol Moreover an EXTRN pseudo instruction cannot refer a segment symbol 6 4 2 PUBLIC pseudo instruction Syntax PUBLIC symbol symbol Description A PUBLIC pseudo instruction declares a local symbol as a public symbol By dedaring a local symbol as public the symbol can be used from other source files A local symbol and public dedaration of the symbol may define whichever first Supplement In order to refer to a public symbol from other source files you have to declare the external symbol of the same name in the source file to refer to using an EXTRN pseudo instructi on The public symbol of the same name cannot be defined in two or more source files 6 4 3 COMM pseudo instruction Syntax symbol COMM seg type size boundary access Description A COMM pseudo instruction defines a shared symbol communal symbol A shared symbol defines a common data area by two or more source files The shared symbol defined by two or more source files indicates the head address of a common data area RLi3 determines the address of the data ar
110. s not outputted to a list file A symbol list is outputted to a list file A symbol list is not outputted to a list file A cross reference list is outputted to a REF list file A cross reference list is not outputted NOREF 19 4Command Line Option An object file is not outputted The capital letter and small letter of a user symbol are not distinguished DEF symbof body A symbol is defined DEFINE symbol symbol to define symbol is expanded by body when body The value and 6ody is specified character string by which a When body is omitted it is symbol is expanded regarded as 1 The version of RASi3 is displayed Nothing If this option is spedfied only a version display will be performed and assembling will not be performed PL num The number of lines of 1 page of a list PAGE num The number of lines file is set as the value specified as of 1 page If num is omitted it will be A default is unrestricted regarded as 60 lines The number of characters of one line PAGE num The number of of a list file is set as the value characters of one line specified as num If num is omitted it will be A default is unrestricted regarded as 79 characters A path The search path of an indude file is Assembly source level debugging Nothing information is outputted to an object Assembly source level debugging Nothing information is not outputted to an 2
111. s only a numerical 129 8A message and end code value type 007 FLOAT expression required Decimal point form is required 008 segment address mismatch In the operation of addresses the segment address of the left side and the right hand side is not in agreement 009 address attribute not inherited An expression is managed as a numerical value The attribute as an address is lost 011 right expression of operator must be NUMBER If the right hand side of a operator is not a numerical value type it will not become 012 usage type mismatch 013 either right or left expression of operator must be NUMBER If either the left side of a operator or the right hand side is not numerical value type it will not become 025 illegal access toSFR Access to a SFR area is invalid This warning is occurred when it writes in to write protected SFR 026 cannot access to high byte of SFR word 028 cannot access to high byte 031 reference before first definition 038 current location was aligned 039 address out of range The target memory does not exist in the address specified by the operand of an instruction This warning is occurred when the address in which an object memory does not exist by symbol definition pseudo instruction was specified or when an area has forgotten to be secured as a B option 041 error of address register restrict It is warning to use restrictions of an address register 042 address expressoin not allowed An ad
112. side the memory range 105 stack access continuing Access to a stack is continuing 106 label in expression or is not allowed The expression or containing a label cannot be described 107 can t use imm_9 when cc is specified When a condition specification child is specified a 9 bit immediate value cannot be specified 108 CODE label forward reference not allowed The CODE label of referring to the front cannot be described 109 Bad Linkage Attribute A linkage attribute is inaccurate 110 This linkage attribute is already used It is the already specified linkage attribute 111 Segment name for linkage doesn t match The segment specified with the linkage attribute is not in agreement 112 CDB directive parameter error The parameter of C debugging information pseudo instruction is inaccurate 113 can t use imm_16 when cc is specified When a condition specification child is specified a 16 bit immediate value cannot be specified 114 FLOAT value is not allowed A FLOAT type value cannot be specified 115 illegal initialization It is unjust initialization 116 smaller than start address 128 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 8 2Error message list The value smaller than the start address of a segment is specified bad operand separator The separator of operand is illegal Same destination register is used in parallel instruction The same destination register is used by the parallel inst
113. t 6 7 Memory initialization pseudo instruction 6 7 1 DW pseudo instruction Syntax symbol DW expression expression expression General formula count DUP expression expression Description DW pseudo instruction initializes a memory by a word unit The expression a general formula or duplicate type can be specified as an operand The number of operands does not have restriction The symbol specified by symbo is defined as a label with the start address and segment type of the memory area initialized by DW pseudo instruction You may include forward reference in expression 1 word data is specified as expression The duplicate type specified as expression is used when initializing the continuous range with the same value Only the number of times which specified initialization by the value of expression described by the operand of a duplicate type by count is repeated When is specified as expression only reservation of an area is performed without initializing Supplement The range of the value which can be described at a expression must be OFFFFH from OF FFFH When the range is exceeded RASi3 displays warning DW pseudo instruction accompanied by initialization can be described only to CODE XROM and YROM segment DW pseudo instruction without initialization can be described to PRAM XRAM YRAM segment When DW pseudo instruction is described in other segments RASi3 displays an error The nest
114. tarted assembling are displayed 5 The character string specified by the TITLE pseudo instruction is displayed It becomes blank when there is no description of a TITLE pseudo instruction 6 Thelocation of the instruction statement of each segment is displayed 7 The32 bit machine code to each instruction statement is displayed 8 Theline number in a source fileis displayed 9 Theinstruction statement described by the source file is displayed 10 When there is an error the occurred error message is displayed under a sauce line 11 The target core specified by the CORE pseudo instruction and the target model specified by the TYPE pseudo instruction are displayed 12 Thetatal number of error is displayed 13 Thetatal number of warning is displayed 7 2Reading of a cross reference list 14 Thetotal number of lines of an input source file is displayed 2 3 4 and 5 are displayed only on the page of the beginning of an assembling list 11 12 13 and 14 are displayed only on the page of the last of an assembling list 7 2 Reading of a cross reference list A cross reference list shows the list of the line numbers of the symbol which appeared in the program The example of a cross reference list is shown below KEKEKE KKK KKK KKK RASi3 Target Relocatable Assembler Ver x xx xx C Ref list Page lt 1 sym
115. tax BCODE start_address end_adaress BPRAM start address end address BXRAM start aaaress end address BXROM start adadress end address BYRAM start aaaress end address BYROM start address end address Description These options are options for specifying the kind and area of the memory when a user adds a memory on an address space manageable by RASi3 The kind of memory carried in the target device cannot be redefined The start address and end address of an area are specified as start address and end address respectively BCODE option adds a CODE area ROM area on P address space The ranges of the address which can be specified are the arbitrary areas of 00000H to 3FFFFH BPRAM option adds the RAM area on P address space The ranges of the address which can be specified arethe arbitrary areas of 00000H to 3FFFFH BXRAM option adds the RAM area on X address space The ranges of the address which can be specified arethe arbitrary areas of 0000H to OFFFFH A BXROM option adds the ROM area on X address space The ranges of the address which can be specified are the arbitrary areas of 0000H to OFFFFH A BYRAM option adds the RAM area on Y address space The ranges of the address which be specified are the arbitrary areas of 0000H to OFFFFH A BYROM option adds the ROM area on Y address space The ranges of the address which can be specified arethe arbitrary areas of 0000H to OFFFFH 4 2 19 W Syntax A
116. ted when a grammar error occurs and the object file of a same name already exists Warning shows that a problem may be in a program Even if warning occurs assembling processing is continued and a print file and an object file are created A fatal error is a fatal error to which RASi3 cannot continue assembling If a fatal error occurs RASi3 will Suspend assembling processing An internal processing error is an error occurred when a certain fault is detected by the internal processing of RASi3 If an internal processing error occurs RASi3 will suspend assembling processing Usually these error messages are displayed on a screen Please use the redirection feature of DOS to output an error message to a file Moreover please use a E option or an ERR pseudo instruction to output only the message of an assembling error and warning to a file 8 1Form of an error message 8 1 Form of an error message The form of the error message outputted to a screen or an error file is as follows Syntax filename linel line2 type error code error message Here filename indicates a source file linel indicates the line number on a source file line2 indicates the line number on an assemble list error code indicates the kind of error and error message indicates the contents of the error The kind of the following errors is displayed on type type Explanation of an error Error It is shown that it is a grammar error Warning It is shown
117. that it is warning 8 2 Error message list The list of the error messages which RASi3 displays is shown below The number of an error message is indicated on the left of an error message and the details are described under the error message 8 2 1 Fatal error message Error number An error message and explanation 000 insufficient memory The memory for continuing processing is lacking The cause of this error can consider the shortage of an area of the virtual memory of Windows When other applications which increase the maximum of virtual memory which increases the availability of a hard disk have started please operate ending etc and increase the availability of virtual memory Moreover when the R option or REF pseudo instruction is specified please remove the specification When this error still occurs in addition please perform the measure which splits a program or reduces the number of symbols 001 file not found file_name The source file shown by file name an include file or a DCL file is not found 002 cannot open file file 119 8A message and end code The file shown by file_name cannot be created file name is an object file a print file or an error file Please confirm whether the invalid character is used for specification of a name or the directory not existing is not specified 003 cannot close file file name The file shown by file_name cannot be closed The cause considered most is sh
118. tively exists cc has the case which is not described to be the case which describes a condition identifier In addition when there is no description especially RASi3 outputs an error to these restrictions 5 9 1 MOVXY instruction use restriction In the case of addressing from which addressing of a MOVXY instruction is except address register indirect and both the X side Y sides differ mutually it forbids specifying the same base register Moreover in the case of memory read both the X and Y sides forbid specifying the same destination register 5 9 2 Parallel instruction use restrictions In a parallel instruction it forbids specifying the same destination register by a transfer instruction and operation instruction 5 9 3 Repeat instruction use restrictions The following instructions cannot be described in the next instruction instruction for a repeat of a REP instruction Theinstruction which changes the value of LC MOVXY MOVX MOVY MOV Programmed control instruction G MP D cc SR D cc RET I D cc RETICE cc REP TRAP DO EXIT cc 78 5 9Restriction of a basic instruction 5 9 4Use restrictions of a loop instruction The following contents cannot be described to the end address of DO instruction Specification of the expression containing a usage type of CODE label or the expression containing a front reference symbol Specification of the next address Specification of the address sa
119. to a command line there is also a method of reading an option from a text file This text file is called an option definition file 17 3Starting of RASI3 3 3 1 The specification method of a starting option definition file In order to specify an option definition file an option definition file is specified after a unit price sign A blank character cannot be inserted between a unit price sign and an option definition file Example 1 When the option required to assemble source file MAIN ASM is described by option definition file FOO OPT it types as follows RASIi3 MAIN ASM FOO OPT Example 2 Although source file specification and an option required in order to assemble MAIN ASM to BAR OPT are described when adding a S option in addition it types as follows RASi3 GBAR OPT S 3 3 2 The form of an option definition file In an option definition file description of the following element is possible 1 Spedification of a sourcefile 2 Specification of various options 3 Comment Each element is divided by a blank 20H or TAB 09H and LF OAH CR ODH is omitted The number or the number of characters of an option which can be described to one line do not haverestriction Moreover it is possible to describe a comment If semicolon a sharp 3 or lappears in a file henceforth even LF will be interpreted as a comment and will be skipped A block comment cannot be used Example The fo
120. to is outputted to a cross reference list In the range until a REF pseudo instruction appears from the next line of the line which described the NOREF pseudo instruction the symbol defined or referred to is not outputted to a cross reference list Supplement If a R option is specified to RASi3 each statement until a NOREF pseudo instruction appears in a program is outputted to a cross reference list This is the same operation as the case where a REF pseudo instruction is described at the head of a program If a NR option is specified to RASi3 each statement until a REF pseudo instruction appears in a program is not outputted to a cross reference list This is the same operation as the case where a NOREF pseudo instruction is described at the head of a program 6 10 7 ERR NOERR pseudo instruction Syntax ERR e specification NOERR Description 101 6Pseudo instruction These pseudo instructions control making of an error file If an ERR pseudo instruction is specified an error file will be created and an error message will be outputted to the file An error file name is specified as file_specification Specification of a NOE RR pseudo instruction does not create an error file In this case an error message is outputted to a standard error output If an ERR pseudo instruction and a NOERR pseudo instruction are omitted an error file is not created but an error message is outputted to a standard error output Su
121. ual instruction manual of a target device and the manual of an emulator etc The MACi3 TXT file explains the kind of document Notation Chapter 1 Introduction By this manual in order to give explanation intelligible some signs are used The sign used by this manual and the meaning are as follows Sign Meaning SAMPLE This characer shows the message displayed on a screen the example of an input of a command line the example of the list file created etc CAPITALS The item expressed with the English capital letter shows that it inputs as a display tarics The item expressed by italic is not display but it is replaced to 1 choice2 valuel value2 Manual Reference place Ctrl C PROGRAM PROGRAM required information of an item The contents of are the items inputted if needed Omitting is also possible The item in fromt of this sign is repeatable if needed is chosen and inputted out of a parenthesis One must input except for the case where is specified An input value shows the range of valuel to valuez2 It shows a name of manual It shows a reference place It indicates pressing the Ctrl key and the C key concurrently It is shown that a part of program is omitted In this manual when H is added in the end of a numerical value a value means a hexadeci mal For example when described as 1000H 1000 a decimal number 4096 of a hexadeci mal
122. urce file an indude file and a option file a base name is also omissible The default when omitting a drive a directory a base name or an extension is as follows Kind of file Default path Default file name Extension specification Source file Current path 1 An abbreviation impossible Option definition Current path An abbreviation i file impossible abbreviation is impossible Include file Search path 2 An abbreviation is An impossible abbreviation is impossible impossible file file List file The path of a source file file 1 A current path points out the working directory which performs RASI3 2 Please refer to an include file INCLUDE pseudo instruction and a DCL file TYPE pseudo instruction about search path 15 3Starting of RASi3 The path of a source The file name of a source file file 3 2 The operation method of RASi3 This section explains how to perform RASi3 It types with RASi3 to the command prompt a source file and an option are specified after that and the Enter key is pressed The format of a command line is as follows RASi3 options source file options The source file to assemble is specified as Source file It is used for options combining an option or option file specification Beforethe alphabetic character showing an option you have to attach a slash Please insert a blank character between an option and source files and options If it type
123. urce program Supplement The CTYPEDEF pseudo instruction must be defined as CBLOCK between CBLOCKEND pseudo instructions 6 14 15 CENVINFO pseudo instruction Syntax CENVINFO anguage compiler work directory Description A CENVINFO pseudo instruction defines the compile environment which generated the assembly source file language is a value showing the language of a source program and in the case of CCi3 compiler is set to 1 111 6Pseudo instruction 6 14 16 CMAINFO pseudo instruction Syntax CMACINFO file id line def flag macro string Description A CMAINFO pseudo instruction defines the macroscopic information defined at the time of compile 6 14 17 CINCPATH pseudo instruction Syntax CINCPATH nc d indude_path Description A CINCPATH pseudo instruction defines the include path information defined at the time of compile 112 6 14C debugging information pseudo instruction 7 List file In this chapter the form and reading of a list file which RASi3 creates are explained The list file consists of following lists 1 Assembly list Assembly listing is a list of the object code corresponding to a program 2 Cross reference list A cross reference list shows the line information by which each user symbol was defined and the line information for which each user symbol was referred to 3 Symbol list A symbol list is a list including the information about the user symbol used for the pro
124. values 036 simple relocatable expression required If the operand of symbol definition pseudo instructions EQU pseudo instruction etc or an ORG pseudo instruction is not constant expression or a simple relocatable type it will not become 037 expression is unresolved It is calculating further to unsolved operation Or the expression which includes unsolved operation in the operand of symbol definition pseudo instructions EQU pseudo instruction etc or an ORG pseudo instruction is specified 038 illegal expression format It is the basic syntax mistake of an expression For example the case where the balance of a parenthesis is not correct etc corresponds to this 039 invalid relocatable expression Operation which is not allowed is performed to the relocatable symbol 040 divide by zero The division or modulo by 0 is performed 044 illegal core name The core based CPU name of CORE sentence of a DCL file is wrong 048 ENDCASE does not have matching CASE There is no CASE sentence which hangs with sentence and suits in a DCL file 051 CODE segment only It is the instruction or pseudo instruction which can be described 124 055 057 058 059 060 061 062 063 064 065 066 071 8 2Error message list only toa CODE segment LABEL or NAME format error The syntax relation of an instruction a symbol or a label is wrong For example when as follows this error occurs LABEL
125. xample of format of a fraction constant which can be described is shown below 12 34 12 34 1 2623 1 20423 12 23 The usage type of a fraction constant is FLOAT 5 3 3 Character constant A character constant is the character of one or more characters enclosed by the single quotation mark An escape sequence can be used for a character constant RASi3 interprets a character constant as the numerical value of 1 byte 2 bytes or more of character the value beyond 100H are errors and a value is unfixed The usage type of a character constant is NUMBER 5 3 4 Character string constant A character string constant is zero or more character the character string of less than 255 characters enclosed by double quotes An escape sequence can be used for a character string constant RASi3 interprets a character string constant as the numerical value with which the single byte code was located in a line 40 5 4Escape sequence 5 4 Escape sequence An escape sequence is description which starts 5CH This is a character constant and a character string constant and is the feature prepared in order to express the character which cannot be displayed The following tables are the lists of the escape sequences which can be used by RASi3 X 000 is an Due C re number to three characters A value must be a or less FFH IXxhh hhisa hh isa hexadecimal number totwocharacte
126. y The file will be read if the target file exists in a current directory 2 Ifthe path of an include file is specified as the I option when the target file does not exist in a current directory the target file will be searched from the path A file is searched with the order described when two or more l options are specified Refer to the INCLUDE pseudo instruction for the details about an INCLUDE pseudo instruction Example When assembling source file FOO ASM and searching an include file in order of a current directory C XXUSRX SHAREXINC and C USR PRV INC it types as follows RASi3 FOO ASM IC USR SHARE INC IC USR PRV INC 4 2 13 D ND Syntax D ND Description A D option outputs assembly level debugging information to an object file If this debugging information is included in the object file a program can be debugged symbolically A ND option does not output assembly level debugging information to an object file By a default debugging information is not outputted to an object file A corresponding pseudo instruction Thereis no pseudo instruction corresponding to D and ND Example RASi3 FOO ASM D In this example assembly level debugging information is outputted to the object file Supplement D and a ND option cannot be specified concurrently 30 4 2The feature of each option 4 2 14 SD NSD Syntax SD NSD Description SD option is specified when a source file is
127. y RASi3 is shown in the following table Classification Instruction Description A restrictions correspondin g option Assembler initial TYPE A target device is specified The head of a M setting program Segment definition SEGMENT A relocatable segment is defined STACKSEG A stack segment is defined Segment control CODESEG It changes to an absolute CODE segment PRAMSEG It changes to an absolute PRAM segment XRAMSEG It changes to an absolute XRAM segment XROMSEG It changes to an absolute XROM segment YRAMSEG It changes to an absolute YRAM segment YROMSEG It changes to an absolute Y ROM segment RELSEG It changes to a relocatable segment Linkage control EXTRN An external reference symbol is defined PUBLIC A public dedaration of a symbol is made COMM A communal symbol is defined Symbol definition EQU A user symbol is defined DEFINE A user symbol is defined Address control ORG A start address is specified Inside of segment Memory DW A memory is initialized Only inside of initialization CODE XROM and YROM segment A memory area is secured All segments 80 5 9Restriction of a basic instruction Assembling control INCLUDE A file is read END The end of a program is defined Condition IF Condition assembling is assembling IFE performed IFDEF IFNDEF IFB IFNB
128. you may describe a NOSYM pseudo instruction in a program instead of specifying a NS option Priority is given to specification of an option when both an option and a pseudo instruction are specified Please refer to a SYM NOSYM pseudo instruction about a SYM pseudo instruction and NOSYM pseudo instruction Example When outputting all the symbols currently used for source file FOO ASM to a symbol list and assembling them it types as follows RASi3 FOO ASM S When assembling the contents of source file FOO ASM it types as follows without creating a symbol list RASi3 FOO ASM NS Supplement S and NS cannot be specified concurrently 4 2 4 24 Syntax R NR Description When a R option is specified the appearance line number in all user symbol is outputted to a cross reference list When a NR option is specified a cross reference list is not created Correctly the cross reference list created is influenced of the REF pseudo instruction and NOREF pseudo instruction described in a program Even if the R option is specified when a NOREF pseudo instruction is described in a program a line number until a REF pseudo instruction appears is not outputted to a cross reference list On the other hand even if the NR option is specified when a REF pseudo instruction is described in a program a line number until a NOREF pseudo instruction appears is 4 2The feature of each option outputted to a cross reference

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