Rita-51 USER`S GUIDE
Contents
1. code memory MONMODE 1 internal MONMODE 0 internal FLASH MONMODE NODE istype reg Equations A8 NETSEL OxFDOO OxFDFF top single type com type com type com type com type com type com type com type com type com type com type com type com type com type com type com ABI A9 8 A10 amp All amp A12 8 A13 A14 amp A15 EL file CPLD implementation data memory FLASH ROM RAM buffer 12 XIOSELX A8 amp A9 amp A10 All amp A12 amp A13 amp A14 8 A15 OxFEOO OXFEFF RSTOUT RSTINX RSTOUTX RSTINX MA16 0 MA17 0 MA18 0 MONMODE ck RSTINX MONMODE MONRUN EDMONX MONMODE EDRUNX MONMODE when MONMODE then RAMSELX 1 RAMRDX 1 RAMWRX 1 ROMSELX RDX amp WRX ROMRDX RDX ROMWRX WRX else RUN mode ROMSELX PSENX ROMRDX PSENX ROMWRX 1 RAMSELX RDX amp WRX XIOSELX RAMRDX RDX RAMWRX WRX end rita5l 13 7 RITA 51 BILL OF MATERIALS The bill of materials given below lists all components by their reference as they appear on the board top overlay Revised July 2001 List Of Materials Item Quantity Pat Reference Description CAPACATORS OO 3 14 10nF 100nF C1 013 C24 Surface Mt Capacitors 4 E ek2. 2 5 RitaBrowser RitaBrowser monitors and controls Internet applicances built with Rigel Corporation s Rita family of control boards The Rita nodes may be on the Internet or on a private network such as a personal network or a company intranet 2 5 1 Configuring RitaBrowser Click the Configure button Use the tab This PC to specify the IP address of your computer If you are using a dial up service you can obtain the IP address by the ARP utility Open a DOS box and type arp a to see your assigned IP address If your PC is set to participate in a LAN use the Settings Control Panel Network dialog to view your IP address If you would like to automatically launch programs on your PC when a keyword is received from a Rita node enter the case sensitive keyword and select the program to be activated Note that the parameters received from the Rita node following the keyword are Rita Node en o wee cono as command line parameters RitaBrowser C 1999 2001 Rigel Corporation www rigelcorp com The Ping timeout is currently not used The Port address determines the UDP part your PC uses to communicate with the Rita node Unless you are using this value in the Rita program you may click the Auto box The Rita Nodes tab in the configuration dialog lists the current nodes You may add modify or remove nodes from the list When adding new nodes you will be ask
3. oO RESISTORS 2 Surface Mt 1 Resistor 100Ohm_ CRs Surface Mt Resistor 12 2 som R7R8 _ Surface Mt Resistor DIODES Pp Pp pO 13 6 RediED D2D5D7 D10 ___ 14 1 Green LED CONNECTORS Ll 18 1 RJ45Comector J2_ pT dX Header BA 1002 SHeader PS ae EA ee 24 33 MHz Crystal Microcontroller Crystal 20 MHz Crystal CS8900A Crystal N 8 TOP OVERLAY 9 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM APPENDIX A USING THE RITA 51 BOARD This appendix is subject to change at any time For the latest information software and examples please check our website often A 1 Overview The Rita51 board has all the necessary hardware to connect the 8051 microcontroller to an ethernet network With appropriate software the board may be used as an internet node host A complete TCP IP implementation is beyond the scope of this document The range of capabilities depends on the limited memory and processing power of the 8 bit microcontroller However many TCP IP applications are possible Note that there are several professional TCP IP software vendors who support the 8051 architecture Refer to the website www rigelcorp com for links This document presents a few projects that may be used to verify the functionality of the Rita51 and its ethernet connection Please note that the software is currently under development Many of the lower level functions are written in assembly and co
4. P1 2 and P1 3 if the board is populated with a DS87C520 microcntroller with two serial ports 3 Pins 16 and 18 are available only if the board is populated with a DS87C520 microcntroller 4 RSTIN is an active low input signal It is inverted and used as a reset input to the microcontroler and to the Ethernet driver 5 6 J10 System Header The system bus is available on a two row 40 pin header marked J10 The pin assignments are given below The address and data lines of the microcontroller are de multiplexed The system bus facilitates interfacing the Rita 51 to external memory mapped input output devices Pin Signal Pin Signal 1 vcc 2 notused DO not used 35 ale 36 notused 37 Ar 38 notused 3 s 40 GND 6 CPLD EQUATIONS module rita5l Title Rita5l rita5l device Declarations inputs WRX pin 40 RDX pin 41 A6 pin 42 A7 pin 43 A8 pin 44 AQ pin 1 A10 pin 2 All pim 3 A12 pin 5 A13 pin 6 A14 pin 7 A15 pin 8 AUXO pin 12 AUX1 pin 13 AUX2 pin 14 AUX3 pin 16 MONRUN pin 18 RSTINX pin 34 PSENX pin 36 outputs MA16 pin 28 is MA17 pin 27 is MA18 pin 19 is ROMSELX pin 39 is ROMRDX pin 38 is ROMWRX pin 37 is RAMSELX pin 31 is RAMRDX pin 30 is RAMWRX pin 29 is EDMONX pin 22 is EDRUNX pin 23 is RSTOUT pin 32 is RSTOUTX pin 33 is XIOSELX pin 21 is NETSEL pin 20 is COTS modes
5. a HEX file The download progress is reported in the status bar 2 4 Rita 51 Utility Software The Rita 51 Utility Software from Rigel Corporation is a Windows program It is an alternate means from the Reads51 software to manage the on board FLASH Select the COMM port and a Baud rate The Rita 51 Utility detects the Baud rate from the board The set of acceptable Baud rates depends on the crystal frequency Typically 9600 works with all frequencies The standard 11 0592 MHz z frequency often used with 8051 microcontroller allow almost all Baud rates up to 57600 With a 24 MHz crystal the highest Baud rate is 11520 Higher frequencies do not necessarily allow higher Baud rates The crystal frequency must be an even multiple of the Baud rate or at least within a few percent of the ideal value Move the slide switch on the Rita 51 to the PGM program position press the reset push button and press the space bar to see the Rita 51 monitor prompt Rita51 www rigelcorp com EEE The Rita 51 Utility has two buttons The Erase button erases the FLASH ROM The Download button asks for a program file in the Intel hex format It opens and downloads the file to the board Once you download your program move the slide switch to the RUN position and press the reset push button You code in FLASH ROM now constitutes the 8051 code memory The RAM is mapped into the 8051 external data XDATA memory
6. and data memory do not overlap Contact Rigel Corporation if you would like to implement other configurations If the Rita 51 is used with a third party software debugger the monitor must be downloaded along with the program This arrangement is convenient in supporting a wide range of third party software development tools 4 3 Interfacing the Rita 51 The Rita 51 has connections to Port 1 and 4 bits of Port 3 Each port may be used as either an input or an output port The 8051 ports may be operated in the 8051 mode That is the ports contain open drain transistors with pull up resistors In this mode when used as output ports it is recommended that the ports sink current Similarly when used as input ports first write 1 s to the ports and have the external signal drive the port low External Memory mapped I O may be attached to the Rita 51 All address data and control signals for such interfacing are available on header J10 5 HEADERS The Rita 51 board has eight headers J9 the I O input output header J10 the system header two serial port headers J5 and J6 and the two headers for the user pushbuttons J7 and LEDS J8 The header J4 is the JTAG port for programming of the CPLD 5 1 J3A and J3B The Rita 51 uses a complex programmable logic device CPLD to determine the operating modes memory map and bank switching options Many different implementations are possible J3A and J3B are the options headers for the CPLD The CPLD ma
7. connected to external circuitry byway of header J8 Typically these buttons would be attached to the microcontroller ports and used to debug your software Reset Button Ethernet Port Status LEDs Prototyping Area 4 OPERATING MODES 4 1 Operating Mode The operating modes memory map and bank switching options are determined by a complex programmable logic device CPLD Many different implementations are possible Most OEM users have their own modes programmed into the CPLD at the factory The CPLD programs may be modified in the field provided that the user has access to a Xilinx 9500 series JTAG programmer Contact Rigel Corporation for further information about custom operating modes The following modes refer to the COTS commercial off the shelf version of the Rita 51 board There are two operating modes the PRG program mode and the RUN mode The mode is determined by the position of the slide switch When switching between modes move the slide switch and press the RESET push button Note that the mode is toggled when the RESET pushbutton is pressed not when the slide switch is moved More specifically the CPLD samples the state of the slide switch when a RESET event occurs Two LEDs indicate the current mode Use the PRG mode to erase and program the FLASH ROM Once the FLASH is programmed with the application code switch to the RUN mode Note that the MCS 51 can address up to 64K of code memory and 64K of external data me
8. the JTAG header used for programming the CPLD 5 3 J5 and J6 Serial Headers J5 and J6 are the auxillary serial port headers These are usually not available to the end user as they are located under the DB9 connector They are available for applications where the DB9 connector might be too large or in the way for mounting the boards Pin Header J5 J6 1 RXD RXD 2 TXD TXD 3 GND GND 5 4 J7 and J8 Headers J7 and J8 are for the four user push buttons and LEDs The push buttons and LEDs are typically connected to the I O ports or external circuitry built on the prototyping area 5 5 J9 VO Header The I O header is a two row 20 pin header The I O header contains Port 1 and Port 3 2 to 3 5 an active low reset input GND VCC and the transmit and receive signals for the serial ports Note that two serial ports are available only when the Rita 51 is populated with the DS87C520 microcntroller In this case ports P1 2 and P1 3 are dedicated to the second serial port and should not be accessed on J9 Individual signals of these jumpers are listed below Pin 1 may be identified as the post with the square pad on the printed circuit board Pin Signal Pin Signal 1 vee 2 P32 IEC HERE PEO IN RE ee os P11 6 P34 7 pi2 8 P35 9 P13 10 notused Notes 1 The second serial port is available when the board is populated with the DS87C520 microcntroller 2 Donot use
9. unassembled for a full refund or if you prefer Rigel Corporation will send you an assembled and tested board and bill you the price difference You shall be responsible for shipping costs The foregoing shall apply only where the kit is unassembled In the event the kit is partially assembled a refund will not be available however Rigel Corporation can upon request complete assembly for a fee based on an hourly rate of 50 00 Although Rigel Corporation will replace any defective parts it shall not be responsible for malfunctions due to errors in assembly If you encounter problems with assembly please call Rigel Corporation at 352 373 4629 for advice and instruction In the event a problem cannot be resolved by telephone Rigel Corporation will perform repair work upon request at the foregoing rate of 50 00 per hour Governing Law This agreement and all rights of the respective parties shall be governed by the laws of the State of Florida Table of Contents T INTRODUCTION ccooioioiia ia 1 1 1 II NT 1 1 2 Hardware Overview citar arena abe inde naar Hide ere 1 1 3 Software OVervieWi n seele it dat a aa Shale kahlada ka e aa talade siete EN 2 Weisel O Vices eects O ee ae N ne 2 13 2 Rita 5 1 Utility SoftWare eeneioe date eae eu ne nd ler unteren 2 13 3 RitaBroWser 2 E tes hake des a E 2 13 4 Example Software A Hasena Age 2 1 4 Package Lia A ade wee Leeland Helene Aine 2 2 SSORTWARE TT TTT TS TTT TA 3 2 1 System Re
10. DY EIN SIZE RX BUFFER char c RxBuffer check incoming IP messages if E MSGRDY continue RxBuffer amp RX BUFFER c RxBuffer 12 get the 12 th byte of the message Alternatively the receive buffer elements may be accessed as two byte integers The function SwapEndian interchanges the two bytes of its integer argument It is convenient in translating network integers with high byte first to C integers with low byte first int n RxBuffer RxBuffer amp RX BUFFER n RxBuffer 12 get the 12 th integer bytes 24 and 25 n SwapEndian RxBuffer 12 A 3 5 Serial I O Function The serial input output functions are collected in the library xSio51 lib Its source code is available Itis a generalization of the Sio51 cSio51 and csSio libraries The library contains the usual functions putc getc and peekc The functions puts and cputs transmit the strings given by their arguments The function puts assumes that the string is in external data memory while cputs assumes that the string is in code memory The same applies to the functions printf and cprintf The latter assumes the format string is in code memory while the former assumes it is in external data memory Stream support is provided by the two functions sprintf and csprintf Here the first argument is the stream character buffer into which the formatted strings are written In ether case the stream is as
11. If you download the software from the web www rigelcorp com 1 Click on the exe file The program will then install in your system 2 Follow the standard install directions 2 3 Reads51 Reads51 is an Integrated Development Environment IDE used to write application programs for the Rita 51 boards It contains a C compiler an assembler a linker and a chip simulator Any third party software development tools may be used for the Rita 51 The following sections are designed to help get you started with the Reads51 and Rita 51 For detailed information about the Reads51 software refer to the Reads51 User s Manual 2 3 1 Rita 51 Start Up With Reads51 1 Check to make sure a jumper is in the EA header n 2 Check to make sure the slide switch is in the MON position 3 Connect Rita 51 to the PC host via a modem cable Port 4 Connect Rita 51 to a well regulated 5 Volt supply The ja Show available ports only red LED should light up when power is connected Cancel 5 Run the Reads51 IDE by selecting Start Programs COM 2 x Reads51 You may also start Reads51 by double clicking on the Reads51 short cut icon if installed Bade 6 Specify the serial port COMM Port that is connected to the board by opening the Options TTY Options 3600 window 7 Select the Toolchain and Target platform by selecting Options Toolchain Target and selecting Reads51 Download Toolchain v4 and the target RROS 8 Open the TTY window using t
12. Rita 51 USER S GUIDE Version 1 0 May 2002 RIGEL CORPORATION PO Box 90040 Gainesville Florida 32607 352 373 4629 FAX 352 373 1786 www rigelcorp com tech rigelcorp com Copyright C 2000 2002 by Rigel Corporation All rights reserved No part of this document may be reproduced stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic mechanical photocopying recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of Rigel Corporation The abbreviation PC used throughout this guide refers to the IBM Personal Computer or its compatibles IBM PC is a trademark of International Business Machines Inc Rigel Corporation s Software License Agreement This Software License Agreement Agreement covers all software products copyrighted to Rigel Corporation including but not limited to Reads51 rLib51 RbHost RitaBrowser rP51 rFLASH rChpSim Reads166 and rF LI This Agreement is between an individual user or a single entity and Rigel Corporation It applies to all Rigel Corporation software products These Products Products includes computer software and associated electronic media or documentation online or otherwise Our software help files examples and related text files may be used without fee by students faculty and staff 10 11 of academic institutions and by individuals for non commercial use For distribution rights and all other users including corporate use ple
13. UdpInSrcIpAddress char pcSrcIP copies the sender s IP address source IP to the character array pcSrclP NetGetUdpInSrcPort returns the source UDP port NetGetUdpInDestPort returns destination UDP port If the application requires other information such as IP flags or IDs it must inspect the message frame now copied into external RAM Please refer to the section titled Frame Access below for more information A 3 3 Message Transmission Frames to be transmitted are composed in external RAM The low level view of a transmit operation consists of two steps First the network driver chip is informed of a transmit request along with the size of the frame The network driver chip uses local memory to store frames to be transmitted The chip grants the request only when there is enough room in its local memory to hold the frame Then the frame is copied from external RAM to the local memory of the driver chip The driver chip transmits the message which may require waiting for the medium to be available or even retransmitting it if collision occurs The driver chip is polled to see if the frame has successfully been transmitted Again being UDP oriented NetApi51 provides a straightforward means of transmitting UDP messages The function NetSendUdpMsg takes two arguments The first is a pointer to the character buffer holding the message The second is the number of characters bytes to transmit It composes the fr
14. ame computes the checksums asks the driver chip for permission to transmit copies the frame to the driver chip and finally waits for the transmission to be completed It returns an error code zero if successful non zero if there were errors in transmission Before NetSendUdpMsq is called several parameters of the UDP message must be set Namely the destination ether address and IP address and the source and destination ports The source ether and IP addresses previously specified during initialization are used The following functions set the parameters of the UDP message to be transmitted NetSetUdpOutDestEthernAddress char cEther NetSetUdpOutDestIpAddress char cIP NetSetUdpOutSrcPort int nDestPort NetSetUdpOutDestPort int nSrcPort Both cEther and cIP are pointers to character arrays holding the ethernet and IP address of the destination A 3 4 Frame Access Low level frame access is available as the incoming messages are placed in a buffer This buffer referred to as the receive buffer is kept in external data memory A pointer to this memory may be declared and the buffer contents be accessed as array elements Note that the buffer is an external variable to the C code Similarly the external variable E MSGRDY is nonzero when an ethernet message is placed in the receive buffer Its size is stored by the external variable EIN_SIZE The following code portions illustrate the use of these variables extern int E MSGR
15. anieri a at did 9 4 3 l tertacingithe Rita 91 idad en I N lern 9 Or HEADERS octanos reacia 10 5 1 IIA MA J3B 141 a E E ET EE vah TAA Va l TA 10 9 20 JA JTAGi time ula aa ead ested eee unde ank E TA E A 10 5 3 J5 and JG Serial Hleaders en A AAA A a 10 A o sae cdiaht el ncat tan desvuins aa aod aad tena eae aed ected tee ent 10 99 J9 MO A aaa aaa 10 5 6 J10 System Header a 11 6 CPLD EQUATIONS 2 2 22 2222222 SH A aa di 12 7 RITA 51 BILL OF MATERIALS 0000 A d 14 8 TOP ONVERLAAT add 15 9 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM ceai nnsa a NETANE dai 1 APRENDI E E E A es scesidstasuseieh naadi TS anta ad 1 A USING THE RITA 51 BOARD c0ccoonccioicatnn naci ninas S SRANAN A RETANA NIENT ERRA 2 A 1 ONA B EI EA A E radiata 2 A 2 EXPEriIMeENtS a aati e ea a aa a a ea aa a A aa E E a EARE 2 A 2 1 Snif Experiments i ert ee a aes aaa tardar 2 A 2 2 Bing Experiment eiii cado dante 2 A 2 3 RitaPorts Experiment ardid ridad 2 AS Programmers Mie Witt tn neh ini A 3 1 Network Initialization A 3 2 Message Re ephOn enteiros aier a tate ee ie ed edited ds eee A 3 3 Message Transmission A 3 4 Frame ACCESS 27130 veast td Lt tetas aatal naba maha aa A 3 5 Serial I O Function 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1 Overview RITA Rigel s Internet Technology Architecture is a set of hardware and software components to facilitate placing very low cost controller nodes on the Internet or a private network such as a company intranet or a personal home netw
16. ase contact Rigel Corporation PO Box 90040 Gainesville FL 32607 or e mail tech rigelcorp com Terms and Conditions of the Agreement These Products are protected by copyright laws intellectual property laws and international treaties Rigel Corporation owns the title copyright and all other intellectual property rights in these Products We grant you a personal non transferable and non exclusive license to use the Products These Products are not transferred to you given away to you or sold to you Non commercial use These Products are licensed to you free of charge Commercial use You must contact Rigel Corporation to find out if a licensing fee applies before using these Products You may install and use an unlimited number of copies of these Products You may store copies of these Products on a storage device or a network for your own use You may not reproduce and distribute these Products to other parties by electronic means or over computer or communication networks You may not transfer these Products to a third party You may not rent lease or lend these Products You may not modify disassemble reverse engineer or translate these Products These Products are provided by Rigel Corporation as is with all faults In no event shall Rigel Corporation be liable for any damages whatsoever including without limitation damages for loss of business profits business interruption loss of business information or other pec
17. dows program It is an alternate means from the Reads51 software to manage the on board FLASH 1 3 3 RitaBrowser The RitaBrowser is a simple Windows socket winsock application to send and receive UDP messages RitaHost maintains a list of RITA nodes e g Rita 51 boards You may connect to the boards and communicate with them by typing in the edit window Refer to the RitaBrowser manual for more information 1 3 4 Example Software There are many example projects given with the Reads51 IDE that introduce the user to typical industrial applications of microcontrollers These applications include timers counters serial communications interrupt programming analog to digital conversion digital to analog conversion stepper motors LCDs keypads etc A detailed exposure to microcontroller programming and applications may be found in textbooks published by Rigel Press see www rigelcorp com rigelpress htm In addition preliminary code is provided to experiment with the networking capabilities of the Rita 51 board Most importantly a library of network support functions NetApi51 is provided NetApi51 functions allow the user to quickly develop network applications for the Rita 51 in C or assembly The NetApi51 functions currently support a subset of the standard TCP IP stack namely ARP ICMP IP and UDP This subset is sufficient to program the Rita 51 as an Internet or a private intranet node which communicates through UDP messages U
18. ed to provide a name along with the IP address and port number for the Rita node The name is used by the RitaBrowser to identify the node This is like the bookmark or a favorite entry in a web browser The default Rita port number is 8192 0x2000 You may change this number especially if you intend to use it to identify among various services at the Rita node Advanced Configuration You may save the list of Rita nodes to a file as a backup or to load onto another PC When loading a Rita nodes list you will be asked if you would like to append the new list to the existing one or to replace the existing list with the new list In the former case you will also be notified if there are duplications or conflicts 2 5 2 Communicating With a Rita Node A list of currently known Rita nodes appears in a drop down list box Select the node you would like to communicate with and click the Connect button RitaBrowser opens a socket to communicate with the Rita node If the socket cannot be opened it usually means that you have not correctly specified your PC s IP address Once a socket is successfully opened you may type in the edit window and communicate with the Rita node Note that the communication depends on the specific program running on the Rita node Being an open architecture you are free to program the Rita node any way you wish For instance you may use restrict the node to answer only to specific IP addresses or use the por
19. f the Rita 51 is a DB 9 female connector used to connect the board to an IBM compatible PC A minimal serial port is constructed with just 3 lines transmit receive and ground disregarding all hardware handshake signals A straight through modem cable may be used That is a cable connecting pin 2 of the Rita 51 to pin 2 of the host and similarly pin 3 to pin 3 and pin 5 to pin 5 As an alternitive to the DB9 connector a header J5 may be populated instead of the DB9 The 3 lines transmit receive and ground are available on this header The second serial port P2 on the Rita 51 is optional and only avaliable when using the DS87C520 or a similar 8051 which supports 2 serial ports The DB 9 connector P2 may be used to communicate with the PC host during programming and debugging the board As an alternitive to the DB9 connector a header J6 may be populated instead of the DB9 The 3 lines transmit receive and ground are available on this header If the second serial port is used ports P1 2 and P1 3 are dedicated to the second serial port and should not be accessed on J9 3 4 J2 The Ethernet Port Socket J2 accepts 10Base T signals terminating at an RJ 45 connector J2 is Rita 51 s primary means to connct to a 10Mbit Ethernet network 35 Push Buttons t Zu Power LED The Rita 51 has one reset button and four user buttons The reset button PB1 resetthe board The four users buttons may be connected to external circuitry bywa
20. ges out its serial port Your PC s serial port connection receives these reports A 2 2 Ping Experiment The two experiments Sniff Ether and Sniff IP call the function NetServiceMsgs to process the incoming messages A more detailed description of this function is given in Section A 3 2 below Sniff_Ether passes the argument FALSE zero to NetServiceMsgs Sniff_IP on the other hand passes a nonzero argument TRUE This instructs NetServiceMsgs to process ARP address resolution protocol and ICMP echo request reply ping messages Run Sniff IP on the Rita51 Then from a DOS box on the PC issue the command ping 200 100 100 2 This invokes the Windows ping application and sends a data packet expecting it to be echoed back The ping utility then reports the time it takes the echo to be received Sniff_Ether does not process the echo request IT may be used to inspect the messages received from the ping utility A 2 3 RitaPorts Experiment The experiment RitaPorts runs over UDP user datagram protocol It communicates with the PC over the ethernet connection You may use any software that is capable of sending and receiving UDP messages such as netcat The Windows application RitaBrowser is written specifically for this purpose You may download RitaBrowser from the Rigel website www rigelcorp com It is a simple TTY like interface that sends the keystrokes out as UDP messages and displays the UDP messages received in its window Wit
21. h RitaBrowser you may type in commands which are sent over the ethernet connection from your PC through the network and finally to the Rita51 The responses travel from the Rita51 through the network and arrive at your PC Theses responses are displayed in the window of the RitaBrowser The simple application RitaPorts implements a menu that runs on the Rita51 The user may read the port values of the Rita51 over the network as well as set the port values A 3 Programmers View Rita51 network connectivity software is comprised of two libraries NetStack51 contains the low level routines and hardware drivers It also contains the code written in low level assembly to perform ARP and ICMP echo requests NetApi51 contains the higher level routines which are called by the application NetApi51 has two modules Module Network uses C code This is the module that may be customized for specific applications Module NetworkLow contains lower level routines many of which are written in in line assembly The application performs network communications by calls to NetApi51 routines NetApi51 is UDP oriented That is there are many functions in the library to support transmitting and receiving UDP messages The Rita51 family of boards uses the CA8900A network driver chip The CS8900A does not support interrupts in the 8 bit mode Thus NetApi51 routines are polling oriented A 3 1 Network Initialization void NetSetEtherAddress unsigned int
22. he menu command View TTY Window 9 Press RESET on the embedded controller board and hit Line delay ms 10 sed the space bar on the computer you are using observe the prompt in the TTY window 2 3 2 Verifying that the Monitor is Loaded Eont Make sure the TTY window is active clicking the mouse inside Back Cal the TTY window to activate it if necessary Then type the letter 2ackgroun aor H case insensitive to verify that the monitor program is responding The H command displays the available single letter commands the monitor will recognize Char delay ms 1 L The READS monitors use single letter commands to execute basic functions Port configurations and data as well as memory inspection and modifications may be accomplished by the monitor Most of the single letter commands are followed by 4 hexadecimal digit addresses or 2 hexadecimal digit data bytes The list of monitor commands is displayed with the H command while the monitor program is in effect The H command displays the following table B xxxx sets Break point at address xxxx C XXXX XXXX displays Code memory D xx xx displays internal Data ram D xx nn modifies internal Data ram D xx xx nn fills a block of internal Data ram G Xxxx Go starts executing at address xxxx H Help displays monitor commands K Kills removes break point L down Loads Intel hex file into memory Px displays data on Port x P x n
23. iced If the message is an IP message LLC 0800 the flag IPIN_MSGRDY is set and the message is further inspected If the message is an ICMP echo request it is automatically serviced If the message contains a UDP frame the flag UDPIN_MSGRDY is set In any case message information such as source and destination addresses message header and data length etc are written to variables stored in external RAM to be accessible to the application As stated NetApi51 is UDP oriented Typically the application is interested only in the data portion of a UDP message The function NetGetUdpMsg is provided for this purpose The function receives a pointer to a character buffer to which it copies the message The size of the message is returned by the function Note that if the UDPIN_MSGRDY flag is set and the function NetGetUdpMsg returns zero it means that a UDP message with no data was received Similarly if the function is called when no UDP message is ready UDPIN_MSGRDY flag zero the function simply returns zero Once the UDP message is retrieved the application may obtain information about the message by several NetApi51 functions Of course the message is now copied into internal RAM and the application may find the frame contents by inspecting the message but it is more convenient to call the provided functions NetGetUdpInSrcEthernAddress char pcSrcEther copies the sender s ether address to the character array pcSrcEther NetGet
24. ion within thirty 30 days of your receipt of same and receive a full refund from Rigel Corporation You will be responsible for shipping costs Please call 352 373 4629 prior to shipping Repair Policy If you encounter problems with your board or software after the 60 day warranty period please call Rigel Corporation at 352 373 4629 or email tech rigelcorp com for advice and instruction Rigel Corporation will test and attempt to repair any board You will be responsible for shipping costs and repair fees If you send a detailed report of the problems you encountered while operating the board Rigel Corporation will inspect and test your board to determine what the problem is free of charge Rigel Corporation will then contact you with an estimated repair bill You will have the choice of having the board fixed or returned to you as is Rigel Corporation charges repair fees based on an hourly rate of 50 00 Any parts that need to be replaced will be charged as separate items Although Rigel Corporation will test and repair any board it shall not be responsible for malfunctions due to customer errors this includes but is not limited to errors in connecting the board to power or external circuitry Board Kit If you are purchasing a board kit you are assumed to have the skill and knowledge necessary to properly assemble same Please inspect all components and review accompanying instructions If instructions are unclear please return the kit
25. llected into the two libraries The low level source code is subject to change and is thus not yet released A 2 Experiments You may conduct several experiments with the Rita51 These experiments assume that you connect the Rita51 to a network and that your PC is connected to the same network Note that your PC should also be connected to the Rita51 through a serial port This connection is used to download the programs into the Rita51 It is also used in the experiments for the Rita51 to report its activity If your PC is not on a network you may simply connect the Rita51 to the PC s ethernet port with a crossover cable The two devices the PC and the Rita51 become the two and only two nodes on the network If you use an existing network you need an IP internet protocol number for the Rita51 Select this number so that it does not conflict with other hosts on the network The experiments assume the IP address of the Rita51 board to be 200 100 100 2 You may change this by modifying the source and recompiling the project Similarly the board is assigned the ether MAC media access control address 5 4 3 2 1 0 Again this may be changed in the source and recompiled A 2 1 Sniff Experiments Once the PC and the Rita51 is connected to the network you may conduct several experiments The two projects Sniff_Ether and Sniff IP run the Rita51 as a sniffer Here the Rita51 listens to the message traffic on the network and reports the messa
26. mory Bank switching must be used if all 128K of ROM and 128K of RAM are to be used Almost all professional software tools support native bank switching capabilities The Reads51 C compiler does not support bank switching Most application require less than 64K of code or data memory 4 2 Memory Map The memory map of Rita 51 depends on the mode In the PRG program mode the loader in internal ROM of the 8051 is used The FLASH ROM is mapped to external data memeory XDATA In the RUN mode the internal memory is typically removed from the map jumper selectable The FLASH ROM is mapped to code memory and the RAM is mapped to external data XDATA memory The basic COTS version does not implement bank switching Only 64K of the FLASH ROM and 64K of the RAM is used In the RUN mode the microcontroller runs in the Harvard architecture with 64K of code memory FLASH ROM and a distinct 64K block of external data XDATA memory RAM This fills the entire memory space of the 8051 Mode Code Memory External Data Memory PGM program Internal 8051 code FLASH ROM RUN FLASH ROM RAM In the PRG program mode a loader program internal to the 8051 is used by Reads51 or by the Rita 51 Utility to erase and download application programs to the FLASH ROM In this mode the RAM is not accessible In the RUN mode the FLASH ROM is the code memory and the RAM is the external data memory Note that in the basic COTS modes code memory
27. n modifies data on Port x to nn R displays the contents of the Registers S displays Special function register addresses S XX XX displays Special function registers S xx nn modifies Special function registers S xx xx nn fills Special function registers X XXXX XXXX displays eXternal memory X XXXX nn modifies eXternal memory X XXXX XXXX NN fills eXternal memory A single letter command may be followed by up to 3 parameters The parameters must be entered as hexadeci mal numbers Each x above represents a hexadecimal digit characters 0 9 A F Intermediate spaces are ig nored Alphabetic characters are converted to upper case The length of the command string must be 16 characters or less The command syntax is Letter address address data lt CR gt 2 3 3 Downloading and Running an Assembly Program 1 2 3 4 Downloading and Running a C Program 1 Use the use the Project Open Project command to open the project e Reads51 lolx Project File Module Compile Debug Edit View Tools Options Window Help AbsoluteAssembly01 jase eug Es 821822 ll 2 a E Assemble the program using A een n wise el a ei ies Use the Compile Toggle Absolut ssembly01 I Factorial Pwmisr a Aral ll Hello RelativeAssemblyO1 L TOI Mode command to switch to Cae nn en be the Run Debug Mode Blink01 Elort C Reverse Tu Click on the Compile Run Blink02 C Loops O Sio51 command and
28. on at 352 373 4629 to see whether such error or defect may be corrected prior to returning items to Rigel Corporation Rigel Corporation will repair or replace at its sole discretion any defective items at no cost to you and the foregoing shall constitute your sole and exclusive remedy in the event of any defects in material or workmanship Although Rigel Corporation warranty covers 60 days Rigel shall not be responsible for malfunctions due to customer errors this includes but is not limited to errors in connecting the board to power or external circuitry THE LIMITED WARRANTIES SET FORTH HEREIN ARE IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE YOU ASSUME ALL RISKS AND LIABILITY FROM OPERATION OF ITEMS PURCHASED AND RIGEL CORPORATION SHALL IN NO EVENT BE LIABLE FOR DAMAGES CAUSED BY USE OR PERFORMANCE FOR LOSS PROFITS PERSONAL INJURY OR FOR ANY OTHER INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES RIGEL CORPORATION S LIABILITY SHALL NOT EXCEED THE COST OF REPAIR OR REPLACEMENT OF DEFECTIVE ITEMS IF THE FOREGOING LIMITATIONS ON LIABILITY ARE UNACCEPTABLE TO YOU YOU SHOULD RETURN ALL ITEMS PURCHASED TO RIGEL CORPORATION PRIOR TO USE Return Policy This policy applies only when product purchased directly from Rigel Corporation If you are not satisfied with the items purchased prior to usage you may return them to Rigel Corporat
29. ork RITA is a flexible and extensible open architecture RITA is an outgrowth of custom Internet controllers built by Rigel Corporation for industrial OEM customers now being offered to the public as commercial off the shelf COTS units Refer to the article The RITA Philosophy at www rigelcorp com for more information about RITA 1 2 Hardware Overview Rita 51 is the first board in Rigel Corporation s new line of RITA controllers Rita 51 is a six layer board with separate VCC and Ground planes intended for Internet and intranet applications The board may be populated with a wide range of high speed 8051 microcontrollers in the TQFP package The board uses the CS8900A to directly connect to a 10Base T network using an RJ 45 connector The MCS 51 CS8900A combination takes advantage of readily available hardware and software tools as well as the wealth of publicly available applications source code ae Mirttinine idad Wei eeteaeerse 50000 0609990000000 o 009000000009006900 eeeaeeeeneasenaeee hihi a Ee it 7 328 A a The Rita 51 has one RS 232 serial port two when populated with the DS87C520 The board comes with 128K RAM and 128K 5 volt FLASH ROM The Rita 51 Utility Software used to program the FLASH ROM is free with the board Rita 51 s small size makes it suitable for OEM applications Its low cost and open architecture makes it a good choice for classroom ins
30. quirements eh eee nn nee da A eee 3 2 2 Software Installation ists ete ern dee anes ae es eda eae 3 2 3 READS A NT 3 2 3 1 Rita 51 Start Up With Reads51 usernsesnnennnnnnennnnnnennnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn nn nn nn 3 2 3 2 Verifying that the Monitor is Loaded 44snesnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnennnnnnnennnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnennnn nn nn 3 2 3 3 Downloading and Running an Assembly PrOgraM ooooncccccnnccocinonononcnnnnnonnnn nono nn nr nnnn rca r nan rca nn rca 4 2 3 4 Downloading and Running a C PrOgraM oocoocccccnnociccnononcncnononcncnnnnnnnncnnnonnnrrnnn nn nr ran rra r rana 4 2 3 4 Programming On Board FLASH with Reads Dl oocccccnnnncccnonocicccononcnccnnoncncnnno conc nnno nn nr naar rn rnnn rn rra 5 2 4 Rita 57 Utility SoftWare an Rn 5 2 5 Rita BOWS ersi Ran dae 5 2 5 1 Configuring RitaBrowSel civic cad 5 2 5 2 Communicating With a Rita NOd8 oooonnnccinnninicinnnncocnnnnonoccnnnononcnnnnnno cnn rro unstiu n nn rr cnn narrar 6 3 OPERATING NOTES oia ica 7 3 1 OIV 121 n ATT 7 3 2 Jl POWER Inputs A dia 7 3 3 Serial Ports PA and Plis ia ran a 7 3 4 JZ TheiEthernet Port iaa daa das 8 3 5 Push BUllons A Oi aiaiai aaa 8 3 07 ASIS ONIG a io TTT 8 3 7 LEDS acid 8 IMA A ROWer LED aa iia 8 IZ US LEO E EE E EE E E ATA AE th elena TEN 8 909 E EN 8 4 OPERATING MODES coco orrua san aa Banana anne nenn nebenan ernennen 9 4 1 Operating Mode Tanasia ai E AE adi 9 4 2 Memory Map r
31. s char pcSrcIP copies the sender s IP address source IP to the character array pcSrclP NetGetUdpInSrcPort returns the source UDP port NetGetUdpInDestPort returns destination UDP port If the application requires other information such as IP flags or IDs it must inspect the message frame now copied into external RAM Please refer to the section titled Frame Access below for more information A few steps are involved in receiving messages First the network driver is polled to see if a message is pending at the network driver chip Pending messages are copied from the network driver chip to external RAM and processed Flags in external RAM are used to specify the results of polling and of the state of reception There are three primary flags E MSGRDY IPIN MSGRDY and UDPIN_MSGRDY The function NetServiceMsgs clears the UDPIN_MSGRDY flag and polls the network driver E_MSGRDY is set if a raw ethernet message is pending in the local memory of the network driver chip NetServiceMsgs takes a Boolean argument If zero FALSE the function returns with the state of reception reflected in E MSGRDY If the argument is non zero TRUE the function further processes the message First it is copied from the local memory of the network driver chip to external RAM Then the two flags IPIN_MSGRDY and UDPIN_MSGRDY are cleared The message is inspected If the message is an ARP message LLC 0806 it is automatically serv
32. sage is an IP message LLC 0800 the flag IPIN MSGRDY is set and the message is further inspected If the message is an ICMP echo request it is automatically serviced If the message contains a UDP frame the flag UDPIN_MSGRDY is set In any case message information such as source and destination addresses message header and data length etc are written to variables stored in external RAM to be accessible to the application As stated NetApi51 is UDP oriented Typically the application is interested only in the data portion of a UDP message The function NetGetUdpMsg is provided for this purpose The function receives a pointer to a character buffer to which it copies the message The size of the message is returned by the function Note that if the UDPIN_MSGRDY flag is set and the function NetGetUdpMsg returns zero it means that a UDP message with no data was received Similarly if the function is called when no UDP message is ready UDPIN_MSGRDY flag zero the function simply returns zero Once the UDP message is retrieved the application may obtain information about the message by several NetApi51 functions Of course the message is now copied into internal RAM and the application may find the frame contents by inspecting the message but it is more convenient to call the provided functions NetGetUdpInSrcEthernAddress char pcSrcEther copies the sender s ether address to the character array pcSrcEther NetGetUdpInSrcIpAddres
33. sers are encouraged to modify the circuit diagrams and example software in developing their own specific applications The source code of the user accessible systems calls as well as all examples on the distribution disk may be used or incorporated into applications by the registered buyer without any royalties fees or limitations Rigel Corporation is not responsible for the suitability or correctness of the example software Refer to warranty for additional information 1 4 Package List Your Rita 51 READS package includes the following e Rita 51 populated with 128K RAM 128K FLASH PROM e Software data sheets and user s guide on CD ROM e RJ 45 Cable supplied A serial modem cable with a male DB9 connector and a regulated 5 Volt 500mA power source are to be supplied by the user 2 SOFTWARE 2 1 System Requirements All of Rigel s software products are designed to work with an IBM PC or compatible Pentium 120MHz or better running Windows 95 98 2000 PE or Windows NT The newest version of the software is always available to download off our web site www rigelcorp com We encourage you to check our web site often to keep up to date 2 2 Software Installation If you receive a CD from Rigel follow these steps 1 Place the CD ROM in your drive 2 Go to the Rigel Products 8051 Software and click on the software file you wish to install The program will then install in your system 3 Follow the standard install directions
34. specify the C newone C Sting starting address 8000 hex Again the Compile Toggle E EJ Mode command to revert xj Fe name 70000 back to the Build Mode 4 Files of type Project Files rpi y Cancel La Use the Project Open Project command to open the Ready project Hello Compile the program and download it to the board using the Compile Build and Download command The project will be compiled and the resultant HEX code will be downloaded to the target board Press and hold the RESET button on the board While the RESET button is pressed flip the MON RUN switch to the RUN position This swaps the memory map on the board so that RAM occupies low memory The HEX code downloaded to RAM executes when you release the RESET button V4 Debug COM2 9600 Line 58 Col1 a a 2 3 4 Programming On Board FLASH with Reads51 Reads51 may be used to manage the on board FLASH of the Rita 51 In the Options Toolchain Target dialog select either the RROS or the RRM target Also select an available port and a suitable Baud rate i e 9600 in the Options TTY Options dialog Open the TTY window Make sure that the Rita 51 is in the PGM mode slide switch towards the red LED Press RESET and then hit the space bar The Baud rate is detected and used by the Rita 51 In order to erase the FLASH simply type the letter e case sensitive Once erased the FLASH may be programmed Use the Compile Download HEX menu to select
35. sumed to be in external data memory it is not possible to write to the MCS 51 code memory Again sprintf assumes that the format string is in external data memory while csprintf assumes that the format string is in code memory The library contains the initialization function InitSerialPortO int nMode The function unsigned int GetCodeWord unsigned int uAddress is used by the code memory versions of the functions to read the MCS 51 code memory The argument is the address in code memory
36. t numbers to invoke different behaviors Refer to the Rita hardware and programming manuals for further information and demo programs It is recommended that a Rita node responds with a short message possibly a menu when it receives an unknown command or the question mark 3 OPERATING NOTES 3 1 Overview Rita 51 uses the 8051 family of microcontrollers in the standard 44 pin TQFP package These microcontrollers use the MCS 51 instruction set The Rita 51 uses external RAM during the development cycle Once an application program is developed it may be permanently placed in FLASH With an application specific program installed the Rita 51 may be used as an embedded controller 8051 U1 a gt Prototyping Area U8 62128 O O CS8900A CI 9536 a U5 Figure 3 1 Top Board Overlay The following are general guides to operating the board 3 2 J1 Power Input Power is brought to the Rita 51 board by a two position screw type terminal block J1 A well regulated 5 5V DC source is required The terminal is marked on the board Note that a diode is placed across the input in reverse If the power is applied to the Rita 51 board in reverse polarity the diode will short the power supply attempting to prevent damage to the board 3 3 Serial Ports P1 and P2 The CPU serial port on the Rita 51 is accessed through an RS 232 level converter in U3 The microcontroller supports transmit and receive signals P1 o
37. truction and hobbyists It contains large memory to facilitate embedded TCP IP applications In addition Rita 51 contains a prototyping area 4 user s buttons and 4 indicators which make it an ideal test and development platform e Uses any 8051 in the TQFP package 128K of SRAM 128K 5 volt FLASH ROM 1 full duplex serial port on board 2 with the DS87C520 12 general purpose digital input output bits Demultiplexed processor Address and Data lines All system signals are available on a 40 pin header Prototyping area for additional circuitry Shielded RJ 45 connector with LAN and LINK indicators Prototyping area 4 Indicators and 4 User s buttons Board operates on 5 volts Power supplied to the board by way of a 2 position terminal block Power on LED Operating temperature O to 70C extended temp available Machine screw sockets under all through hole 6 layer 3 x 4 board 4 mounting holes ion the board 1 3 Software Overview The Rita 51 comes with four free software packages 1 3 1 Reads51 Reads51 is an Integrated Development Environment IDE to write application programs for the Rita 51 boards It contains a C compiler an assembler a linker and a chip simulator Any third party software development tools may be used for the Rita 51 Reads51 comes free with Rigel s MCS 51 hardware products Refer to the Reads51 User s Manual for more information 1 3 2 Rita 51 Utility Software The Rita 51 Utility Software from Rigel Corporation is a Win
38. u2 unsigned int ul unsigned int u0 Sets the six byte ethernet address also known as the hardware address or the IEEE address For example NetSetEtherAddress 0x0504 0x0302 0x0100 sets the ethernet address to 0x050403020100 It is customary to separate the individual bytes of the address by hyphens and write them in decimal as 5 4 3 2 1 0 void NetSetIPAddress unsigned int ul unsigned int u0 NetSetlPAddress sets the four byte logical internet protocol IP address For example NetSetlPAddress 0xC864 0x6402 sets the IP address to 0xC8646402 It is customary to separate the individual bytes of the address by periods and write them in decimal Here 0xC8646402 is written as 200 100 100 2 int NetInitialize int uMode Netlnitialize initializes the variables and the network driver chip The network driver chip takes about 10 milliseconds after reset to complete its internal initialization The function returns zero when initialization is completed Otherwise it returns a non zero busy code The argument determines the type of messages to be accepted The following constants are defined IM PROMISCUOUS allows all messages IM BROADCAST allows messages with broadcast ethernet address e g FF FF FF FF FF FF IM INDIVIDUAL allows messages with an ethernet destination address equal to the ethernet address of this node set previously by a call to NetSetEtherAddress Any combination of the constants ma
39. uniary loss arising out of the use of or inability to use the Product even if Rigel Corporation has been advised of the possibility of such damages Because some states do not allow the exclusion or limitations of consequential or incidental damages the above limitations may not apply to you Rigel Corporation makes no claims as to the applicability or suitability of these Products to your particular use application or implementation Rigel Corporation reserves all rights not expressly granted to you in this Agreement If you do not abide by or violate the terms and conditions of this Agreement without prejudice to any other rights Rigel Corporation may cancel this Agreement If Rigel Corporation cancels this Agreement you must remove and destroy all copies of these Products If you acquired this Product in the United States of America this Agreement is governed by the laws of the Great State of Florida If this Product was acquired outside the United States of America all pertinent international treaties apply HARDWARE WARRANTY Limited Warranty Rigel Corporation warrants for a period of sixty 60 days from your receipt that READS software RROS hardware assembled boards and hardware unassembled components shall be free of substantial errors or defects in material and workmanship which will materially interfere with the proper operation of the items purchased If you believe such an error or defect exists please call Rigel Corporati
40. y be programmed with several different options that may be selected using J3A and J3B The GND GND GND GNDIGND J3A J3B pinout is shown below The first four pairs of the gang jumper J3A allow the four CPLD signals to be grounded Each of these signals has a pull up resistor Place the jumper to ground the respective signal or remove the jumper to select logic level high Placing a jumper in the last pair of headers connects the microcontroller signal EA to ground Similarly a pull up resistor keeps EA at logic level high when the jumper is removed The COTS unit only implements signal AUX3 AUX3 is an output whose state depends on the slide switch which determines the operating mode In the PRG mode AUX3 is at logic level high and in the RUN mode it is at logic level low Connecting AUX3 to the EA post as shown below allows the microcontroller to execute from internal CODE memory in the PGM mode and execute code from the external code memory FLASH ROM in the RUN mode In order to implement the standard COTS setup one jumper is inserted into header J3A J3B horizontally in the following position The CPLD programs are reprogrammable and may be customized by Rigel or the end user to accomadate a wide range of operating and memory modes If you wish a specific operating mode please contact Rigel Corporation 5 2 J4 JTAG The Rita 51 board uses the Xilinx XC95C36 CPLD to decode memory maps The header marked J4 on the board is
41. y be specified by combining them with the logical or operation Typically an application calls the initialization routine with its argument set to IM_BROADCAST IM_INDIVIDUAL Note that broadcast messages must be allowed for the node to respond to ARP messages IM_PROMISCUOUS should be set to sniff all message traffic However this may overwhelm the node missing some of the messages A 3 2 Message Reception A few steps are involved in receiving messages First the network driver is polled to see if a message is pending at the network driver chip Pending messages are copied from the network driver chip to external RAM and processed Flags in external RAM are used to specify the results of polling and of the state of reception There are three primary flags E MSGRDY IPIN MSGRDY and UDPIN MSGRDY The function NetServiceMsgs clears the UDPIN MSGRDY flag and polls the network driver E MSGRDY is set if a raw ethernet message is pending in the local memory of the network driver chip NetServiceMsgs takes a Boolean argument If zero FALSE the function returns with the state of reception reflected in E MSGRDY If the argument is non zero TRUE the function further processes the message First it is copied from the local memory ofthe network driver chip to external RAM Then the two flags IPIN MSGRDY and UDPIN MSGRDY are cleared The message is inspected If the message is an ARP message LLC 0806 it is automatically serviced Ifthe mes
42. y of header J7 Typically these buttons would be attached to the microcontroller ports and used to debug your software 3 6 Slide Switch The slide switch changes the operating mode of the board When the slide switch is in the Program PGM mode you may download software to the FLASH ROM The RUN position allows you to run your program from ROM The precise effect of the slide switch depends on the memory configuration referred to as the memory mode or simply as the mode selected by the jumpers Please refer to Sections 2 1 and 2 2 for more information about the memory modes 3 7 LEDs There are seven LEDs on the Rita 51 Two of the LEDs indicate the current operating mode of the board A third LED provides visual confirmation that power is applied The other four may be used by the end user 3 7 1 Power LED The RED LED located next to the terminal block lights up when power is supplied to the board 3 7 2 Status LEDs The two LEDs next to the slide switch are used as status indicators The LEDs light up depending on the operating mode which in turn 60006 CCR is determined by the position of the slide switch User LEDs The red LED is on while the board is in the Program PGM mode It is turned off when the gt gt gt board enters the RUN mode The green LED i User Push Buttons turns on when the board is in the RUN mode 3 7 3 User LEDs There are four LEDs by the prototyping area which are designated as User LEDs They may be
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