RAMO USER`S MANUAL
Contents
1. If this logical drive letter is already assigned to a physical floppy or hard disk logical drive the latter will become P amp T RAM Disk Utility EXECUTING RAMD page 2 3 inaccessable unless you use option 5 described below to assign a new letter to it If option D does not appear on the command line the RAM drive is made logical drive M Sx When the RAM drive is installed it replaces any existing logical drive which has the same letter as that assigned to the RAM drive You can use the S option to assign another letter to the existing drive so that you do not lose access to it For instance if you use option D to assign logical drive A to the RAM drive the drive normally called drive A can be re named drive D for instance by typing SD on the RAMD command line Note if there already is a drive D it will become inaccessible Similarly if drive M the default is already assigned to a hard disk this option allows you to assign a different letter to that hard disk logical drive The last two options R and X are related in that they are both concerned with the state of the RAM drive after you have executed RAMD The two descriptions should be read together R The R option insures that any files which have been moved to the RAM drive are preserved when you re execute RAMD You only have to use this option in one situation when you are forced to RESET your computer thereby destroying the copy of RAMD in Z80 memory and you wish to2. 12 WAIT Command Line When the processing of the file reaches WAIT command it displays the message shown in Figure 13 P amp T RAM Disk Utility USING RAMD page 3 5 Press lt enter gt to continue lt break gt to quit Figure 13 WAIT Prompt The system will then wait for input from the keyboard If you press lt enter gt the processing of the file will continue If you press lt break gt any SUBMIT file in progress will be aborted Figure 14 shows another version of the SUB file depicted in Figure 9 In this case the use of WAIT line 14 7 allows you to exit Turbo Pascal backup the program files and then either re execute Turbo Pascal or abort the execution of the SUB file Note that you may have to specify on which logical drive WAIT is to be found e g A WAIT lt enter gt RAMD lt enter gt PIP M B TURBO lt enter gt M lt enter gt TURBO lt enter gt A lt enter gt PIP PAS V lt enter gt WAIT lt enter gt lt enter gt TURBO lt enter gt A lt enter gt PIP B M PASIV lt enter gt 1 2 5 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 Figure 14 SUBMIT File Examplifying The Use of WAIT page 3 6 USING RAMD P amp T RAM Disk Utility NOTES P amp T RAM Disk Utility TECHNICAL NOTES page 4 1 41 Allocation Blocks and Directory Entries RAMD automatically chooses an allocation block size for the RAM drive based on the amount of 68000 memory available to it Since space is allocated to
3. also considerably more flexible because it includes two symbols 1 2 which are replaced by parameters that you must specify each time you execute a SUBMIT command line to process it PIP M 2 t V lt enter gt M lt enter gt WS lt enter gt RAMD lt enter gt A lt enter gt PIP 2 M 21V lt enter gt optional ERA command here PIP M A WS OV lt enter gt Figure 10a WordStar SUBMIT File 1 Figure 10b WordStar SUBMIT File 2 The first SUBMIT file is designed to be used at the beginning of a WordStar session It performs two operations loads RAMD line 108 1 and uses PIP to copy your WordStar files from drive A to the RAM drive drive M line 10a 2 3 4 USING RAMD P amp T RAM Disk Utility The second SUBMIT file assumes that you have already executed the first SUBMIT file It is executed each time you wish to begin a new task involving the use of different Wordstar text files This SUBMIT file performs five operations a allows you to copy one or more specified text files 1 from a specified source drive 2 to the RAM drive line 10b 1 b makes the RAM drive the logged on drive line 10b 2 executes WordStar line 10b 3 d re logs on to logical drive A line 10b 4 and then copies the altered file s back to the original source drive 2 line 105 5 Note if you wished to erase the text file s on the RAM drive at the end of each task you could add the command ERA M l lt enter
4. gt to the bottom of the SUB file SUBMIT WS1 lt enter gt SUBMIT WS FILE TXT B lt enter gt Figure 11 Example SUBMIT Command Line with WordStar If you called these two SUBMIT file STARTWS SUB and WS SUB you could process them with the command lines shown in Figure 11 The second of these commands requires a little explanation because it includes two parameters the name of a file and a logical drive letter which SUBMIT uses to modify WS SUB When you execute this line SUBMIT replaces 1 with FILE TXT and 2 with B wherever these symbols appear in WS SUB When this modified WS SUB is processed therefore it a copies FILE TXT from logical drive B to the RAM drive b executes WordStar from the RAM drive and c copies the new FILE TXT file back to logical drive B Note The parameter associated with 1 in this example could be replaced with a wildcard name such as Note If you use WordStar s R option it will over write any temporary SUB file on drive thus preventing WS SUB from completing its full cycle of commands 3 3 The WAIT Command When embedded within a SUB file the WAIT utility allows you to pause during the processing of the file or abort the processing of the file Both capabilities can be extremely useful To use WAIT simply add the line shown in Figure 12 at any place in a SUB file where you wish to pause or have the option of aborting the execution of the file WAIlT lt enter gt Figure
5. option pointed to by A is not E H L R X D or S Retype the command line You have attempted to reserve more memory than is available for ram drive use leaving none for the ram drive Option H and or L has reserved too many 16 Kbyte blocks Retype the command line and reserve fewer blocks 5 2 2 ERROR MESSAGES P amp T RAM Disk Utility NOTES _ PICKLES 8 TROUT 2 0 1206 GOLETA 93116 x 7
6. preserve the files that are stored on the RAM drive It is not necessary to use this option when you are merely re executing RAMD because RAMD will not erase the RAM drive if it finds copy of RAMD Z80 memory X The X option insures that the files on the RAM drive are erased when you execute RAMD The files will be erased even when a copy of RAMD is still in memory i e even when RAMD would normally not erase them This is useful when you wish to the erase files created by one task before starting a new one Please note There is no reason to specify both R and X on the same command line If you do so however the contents of the RAM drive will be preserved if RAMD is not installed in memory and erased if it is installed 2 3 Example Command Lines RAMD Execute RAMD and use the following default values reserve space for at least 64 directory entries depending on the amount of 68000 memory reserve no memory above or below the RAM drive erase the RAM drive unless RAMD is already in memory and assign logical drive M to the RAM drive RAMDI Same as RAMD except that this version of RAMD automatically reserves 1 16 Kbyte block above the RAM drive for the M16WB1 or R16WB1 warm boot module RAMD T DC SD Test all of the 68000 memory and if no bad cells are found load the RAMD program Assign C to the RAM drive Assign D to the disk drive that had previously been designated drive page 24 EXECUTING RAMD P amp T RAM D
7. 6 7 16 Merely type in the number of your selection followed by lt enter gt line 6 17 The ram drive is already installed Configuration wil be changed according to the specified options 68000 memory size 256 Kb The amounts of 68000 memory you have requested to be reserved do not match the amounts in the installed ram drive as follows low blocks high blocks installed 8 1 requested 0 0 1 2 5 4 5 6 7 8 9 Your options are I use amounts from installed copy keep it the same 2 use requested amounts use new amounts 3 return to system do not reinstall Enter your selection gt I lt enter gt Figure 6 Warning Message When Re executing RAMD P amp T RAM Disk Utility USING RAMD page 3 1 3 1 Introduction There are typically four steps involved in using RAMD executing RAMD moving files to the RAM drive executing programs from the RAM drive and backing up the RAM drive Chapter 2 discusses the first of these steps This chapter discusses a the last three steps and b the integration of the process using CP M s SUBMIT capability Moving files Once you have executed RAMD your 68000 memory is the rough equivalent of normal CP M floppy drive or hard disk logical drive Consequently before executing program from the RAM drive you must copy all of the files you wish to use to it Note RAMD is not a buffering program meaning that it will not read specific sections of a large data file into
8. AM Disk Utility NOTES P amp T RAM Disk Utility EXECUTING RAMD page 2 1 21 Introduction RAMD is executed by typing its name followed by a space and the RAMD options discussed below that you wish to utilize The options may be separated by one or more non alphanumeric characters comma semicolon space but separators not required Each of these options has a default value which may vary with the amount of 68000 memory available so they do not have to be specified in many instances The form of the command line for executing RAMD is illustrated in Figure 3 RAMD options lt enter gt Figure 5 Prototype RAMD Command Line When a command line is executed RAMD checks to ensure that your 68000 memory will support the options you have specified Then if everything checks out correctly it displays a summary Figure 4 that indicates the amount of 68000 memory Line 4 5 the assignment of logical drive letters Lines 4 7 8 allocation block size Line 4 11 the amount of memory available to the RAM drive Line 4 12 and the number of directory entries assigned to the RAM drive Line 4 13 Note Line 48 will only appear if you have used option S to re assign drive letters Pickles 8 Trout Ram Disk Utility ver 1 nn Copyright 1985 Pickles amp Trout All rights reserved 68000 memory nnn Kbytes Ram drive installed as X Normal drive X has been reassigned to Y 1 2 5 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Ram Drive Stat
9. RAMD USER S MANUAL RAMD USER S MANUAL Published by Pickles amp Trout P O Box 1206 Goleta California 93116 U S A Copyright 1985 Pickles amp Trout All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced transmitted transcribed stored a retrieval system or translated into any language in any form by any means electronic magnetic optical chemical manual or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisher Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 DISCLAIMER The publisher has made a reasonable effort to insure that the computer programs described herein are correct and operate properly and that the information presented in this publication is accurate however they are sold and licensed without warranties either expressed or implied including but not limited to the implied warranties of merchantibility and fitness for a particular purpose The publisher is not liable for consequential damages resulting from the use of this product either individually or in concert with other computer programs Further the publisher reserves the right to revise this publication and the programs described herein and to make changes from time to time in the contents thereof without obligation of the publisher to notify any person or organization of such revision or changes Pickles amp Trout is a registered trademark of Pickles amp Trout RAMD is a trademark of Pickles
10. amp Trout CP M is a registered trademark of Digital Research Inc Vedit is a trademark of CompuView Products Ine Z 80 is a trademark of Zilog Inc 68000 is a trademark of Motorola Ine TABLE CONTENTS Topics INTRODUCTORY NOTES 11 Program Requirements 12 Registration amp Support das db eset 13 Manual Notation at 14 Copying the Distribution Diskette EEE 15 Concepts ORT ST TEE 16 Configuring CP M for Use With RAMD sd EXECUTING RAMD 21 Introduction iria a 22 RAMD Command Line Options 23 Example Command Lines 24 Command Line Options When Re executing RAMD USING RAMD 21 Introduction dira ra G 32 Writing SUBMIT Files EEE SR EEE 32 The WAIT Command 5 2 22 2 545 gt 25 4 2 555 5 5 TECHNICAL NOTES 41 Allocation Blocks and Directory Entries 42 RAMD and Other Programs that Reside above the CP M ERROR MESSAGES ie A 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 2 1 3 24 2 1 2 3 2 4 3 1 3 4 4 1 4 1 5 1 P amp T RAM Disk Utility INTRODUCTORY NOTES page 1 1 11 Program Requirements RAMD will work any Radio Shack Model 11 12 16 that has a Motorola 68000 microprocessor installed in it 1 2 Re
11. e SUBMIT and XSUB utilities are discussed on 8 137 139 and 8151 153 in your P amp T CP M 2 User s Manual Briefly stated these utilities allow you to execute a sequence of several commands which would normally be entered one at a time by typing just one command a SUBMIT command line Figure 6 To have this capability you must first create a text file that is composed of the commands you wish to execute This file must have a SUB extension i e it must be called something like WSTAR SUB It is normally stored on logical drive A since you must be logged on to drive A when you execute SUBMIT The following discussion page 32 USING RAMD P amp T RAM Disk Utility describes how to write such files The following instructions are written on the assumption that you are using VEDIT the full screen text editor that comes with P amp T CP M 2 2m You may generally use any text editor that produces standard ASCII files eg WordStar in its non document mode If you wish to create a SUB file to use with SUBMIT follow these three basic steps 1 VEDIT FILENAME SUB lt enter gt at the A gt prompt replacing FILENAME with your name for the SUB file 2 When the VEDIT screen appears type in the command lines you need pressing lt enter gt at the end of each If you were creating one of the three SUB files shown in Figures 8 10 the command lines depicted would be typed at this stage 3 You must not have a blan
12. es above the operating system see Section 41 below for further instructions 1 If you are using a of P amp T CP M 2 2m with a green and white user s manual lower the operating system by executing the LA option in the System Configuration portion of the P amp T MENU 4 29 in the P amp T CP M 2 User s Manual When prompted say that the present last address probably FFFF hex is not correct Then when asked what it should be set the last address available to CP M to FDFF or lower 2 If you have a P amp T CP M 22e operating system with a blue user s manual execute RESIZER and specify when prompted that you wish to configure a 63 5 Kbyte or smaller operating system Please remember when you generate a diskette with RESIZER you may have to use SETMISC IOFREEZE to set for instance the correct printer parameters You must RESET your computer from the altered diskette before executing RAMD for the first time Note Since the performance of most CP M programs should not be significantly affected by lowering the operating system 512 bytes they can be executed with versions of P amp T CP M 2 configured to work with RAMD A few programs however may be adversely affected by this change If you have such a program you should consider altering your procedures slightly so that it is only executed with a copy of P amp T CP M 2 that has not been configured to work with RAMD 1 4 INTRODUCTORY NOTES P amp T R
13. files in allocation block units i e a 1 byte file will be allocated an entire allocation block even though it is much smaller than the block RAMD chooses the smallest allocation block size possible for the RAM drive This is controlled by the size of certain data areas inside the RAMD program At least one allocation block is always reserved for the disk directory The default number of directory entries used by RAMD is typically the number that will fit in a single block The exception is a drive with 1 Kbyte allocation blocks Here two blocks are used by default Since 32 directory entries will fit in 1 Kbyte a 2 Kbyte allocation block will hold 64 entries a 4 Kbyte allocation block will hold 128 entries ete Figure 15 shows the allocation block size and default number of directory entries chosen by RAMD for the various different amounts of 68000 memory available to the RAM drive Memory Size Allocation Block Size Default Directory Entries 256 Kbytes or less 1 Kbyte 64 2 alloc blocks 257 768 Kbytes 2 Kbyte 64 769 1536 Kbytes 4 Kbyte 128 1537 3072 Kbytes 8 Kbyte 256 3073 4096 Kbytes 16 Kbyte 512 Figure 15 Allocation Blocks and Directory Entries 42 RAMD and Other Programs That Reside Above CP M If you have other programs like CLINK from Corvus that reside above the operating system and you intend to run these program s and RAMD concurrently note the following Normally you should execute RAMD after you have e
14. gistration amp Support Fill out the registration card that comes with RAMD and return it to Pickles amp Trout at your earliest convenience When this card is in our files Pickles amp Trout support RAMD two ways First our telephone support personnel may be called Monday Friday from 9 a m to 5 p m Pacific Coast Time Second if the RAMD master diskette is damaged it may be returned to Pickles amp Trout to be regenerated The service charge for this regeneration is 18 including handling shipping if you live in the USA CANADA or 25 if you live elsewhere 13 Manual Notation When named keys are mentioned in this documentation the name of the key is enclosed in angle brackets e g lt enter gt lt esc gt The image screens used throughout the manual attempt to depict exactly what will appear on your screen with one addition we have added line numbers to make it easier to describe the screens A reference to lines 41 4 means that you should examine Figure 4 lines 1 through 4 1 4 Copying the Distribution Diskette RAMD is distributed on a P amp T double density 8 diskette When you open the package in which this diskette is sealed please do the following 1 Boot up your P amp T CP M 2 operating system and mount the RAMD diskette on drive 0 if you have a single drive system or drive 1 if you have two drives Then type DIR S after the A gt prompt replacing the 5 with the letter of the secondar
15. ickles amp Trout If it fails on two machines call us for assistance Please write down any error messages before calling 1 5 Basie Concepts A Model 16 or an upgraded Model II 12 has two microprocessors a Zilog Z80 with 64 Kbytes of RAM memory and a Motorola 68000 with 128 768 Kbytes of RAM memory Since the average CP M 80 program cannot access the 68000 chip and its memory most CP M 80 users have never been able to take full advantage of their Model 16 RAMD is designed to change this state of affairs RAMD is a rather unusual CP M 80 program Like most CP M 80 programs it is loaded into Z80 memory when executed and is controlled by the Z80 microprocessor during execution Unlike most CP M 80 programs however RAMD can directly access the 68000 s RAM memory and continue to execute properly while another CP M 80 program is running RAMD s usefulness derives from these special capabilities While RAMD is running any other CP M 80 program can use the 68000 s RAM memory in much the same way that it normally uses a floppy or hard disk logical drive For all practical purposes RAMD thus adds another logical drive to your CP M system This RAM drive has one major advantage over all other drives since data can be transferred between Z80 and 68000 memory much faster than it can between Z80 memory and a disk drive CP M 80 programs that utilitize the RAM drive can commonly execute much faster than would otherwise be possible Under the righ
16. ing XSUB and PIP to Copy Files P amp T RAM Disk Utility USING RAMD page 3 3 Note the XSUB command line 8 2 used here save considerable execution time because it allows you to copy several distinct files to the RAM drive after just one execution of the PIP utility By contrast if XSUB were not used the commands depicted on line 8 4 7 would each have to be preceded by PIP and the operating system would have to re load PIP into memory before each copy operation Example 2 RAMD and a Programming Language The second example Figure 9 depicts a SUBMIT file that executes RAMD with all of its default values set and then copies Turbo Pascal system files to the RAM drive line 9 2 It assumes that the files to be placed on the RAM drive are on drive B and that the RAM drive is drive M the default It then logs on to drive line 9 3 and executes Turbo Pascal line 9 4 After you have finished using Turbo it re logs on to drive A line 9 5 and PIP s all of the source code files that Turbo created to drive B line 9 6 RAMD lt enter gt PIP M B TURBO 0V lt enter gt lt enter gt TURBO lt enter gt lt enter gt PIP PAS OVI lt enter gt Figure 9 A Programming Language SUBMIT File Example 3 RAMD and WordStar The third example Figures 10a amp 10b sets up two SUBMIT files for a typical word processing application The second of these files Figure 10b is somewhat more complicated but
17. isk Utility RAMD X E128 H2 T Load RAMD erase your 68000 memory assign 128 directory entries to the RAM drive reserve the top 32 2 X 16 Kbytes of 68000 memory and test all but this top 32 Kbytes of memory L8 R Load a version of RAMD that automatically reserves 1 16 Kbyte block of memory above the RAM drive Reserve 8 16 Kbyte blocks of memory below the RAM drive for 128 Kbyte Trisoft CP M 68K system and ensure that the RAM drive is not erased 2 4 Command Line Options When Re executing RAMD If you execute RAMD with a copy already in memory it will display the messages shown on lines 6 1 5 As this suggests RAMD s command options may be altered each time you re execute the program but some care must be taken There are essentially two possibilities If you are starting a new task and using the X option to erase the existing files all of the options may be changed On the other hand if you are re executing RAMD to work with files that are already stored on the RAM drive you must not use option X nor alter options E H or L To insure that you do not make a serious mistake RAMD will check the copy in memory to determine if you have reserved the same number of blocks above and below the RAM drive If there has been a change RAMD will warn you of this and allow you to 1 use the parameters previously specified 2 use the newly requested parameters or 3 return to the system to re enter the parameters lines
18. istics Allocation block size nnnnn Kbytes Drive size nnnnn Kbytes Directory entries nnnnn Figure 4 Initial RAMD Summary of Conditions 2 2 RAMD Command Line Options Figure 5 provides a summary of the options that may be used with RAMD Each is described in more detail below 2 2 EXECUTING RAMD P amp T RAM Disk Utility Set the number of directory entries to be used on the RAM drive Reserve 68000 memory above the RAM drive Reserve 68000 memory below the RAM drive Test 68000 memory Set logical drive letter assigned to RAM drive Change the logical drive letter assigned to a normal logical drive Preserve the files on the RAM drive Erase the RAM drive Figure 5 Summary of RAMD Command Line Options Please note do not leave a space between an option letter and the letter or digits that follow s it Ennn Hnnn Lnnn This option allows you to set the number of directory entries available to the RAM drive to nnn where nnn may not be less than 32 nor more than 512 The number of directory entries defaults to 64 128 256 or 512 depending on the amount of 68000 memory available to the RAM drive see Figure 15 below Please note I Unless you have a large amount of 68000 memory or you intend to proeess a very large number of small files the default number of directory entries is normally adequate If you have 128 256 Kbytes of RAM memory specifying 32 directory entries gives you 1 Kbyte more
19. k line embedded in or at the bottom of a SUB file Thus when the cursor is immediately below the first character of the last command in the file press lt gt lt gt to exit to the VEDIT command prompt Then type EX lt ese gt lt ese gt to write the new file to your disk and return to the gt prompt Whenever you wish to execute the commands in this file just type a command line like that shown in Figure 7 at the A gt prompt Please note that the SUB extension is not part of this command line See the example in Figure 11 below SUBMIT filename optional parameters lt enter gt Figure 7 Prototype SUBMIT Command Line Example 1 Copying Files to the RAM Drive The first example Figure 8 depicts a SUBMIT file that prepares the system to edit some files using Vedit It performs three operations executes RAMD with all of the default parameters selected line 8 1 b uses XSUB and PIP to copy several specifie files from logical drive A to the RAM drive logical drive M lines 8 4 7 logs on to the RAM drive line 8 9 This file then leaves it to the user to execute VEDIT and backup the RAM drive at the end of the session RAMD lt enter gt XSUB lt enter gt PIP lt enter gt 1 5 V lt enter gt 2 BAS lt enter gt s lt enter gt VEDIT COM OV I lt enter gt lt enter gt M lt enter gt DO OA BGN Figure 8 Us
20. memory as they are needed by a program Rather as with normal drives the RAM drive must be large enough to hold an entire file or the file cannot be processed from it Executing Programs Once a program is on the RAM drive you can execute it in the same way that you execute it on any other drive Thus you may wish to log on to the RAM drive by typing Xxenter gt where X is the logical drive letter assigned to the RAM drive before executing a program If a program uses overlay files as WordStar does for instance you must copy both the program and its overlay files to the RAM drive and log on to the RAM drive before executing the program Backing up Although the RAM drive is equivalent to a normal drive it is unique in one key respect you can only store files on it while your computer is turned on and receiving power Therefore at the end of a work session you must copy your data files back to a regular floppy or hard disk logical drive WARNING Since a power failure will destroy any data files on the RAM drive you should make it a habit to copy data files to your normal storage media at regular intervals Executing these steps can be very tedious especially if they have to be repeated several times per day The solution is to write a SUBMIT file for each of the operations that you intend to perform regularly with RAMD The examples discussed in Section 3 2 indicate how such files are written 3 2 Writing SUBMIT Files Th
21. memory for the RAM drive than the default of 64 The Hnnn option causes RAMD to reserve nnn blocks of memory at the high end of the 68000 memory Each block consists of 16 Kbytes of memory Please remember if you are using RAMD1 you do not have to use this option to reserve memory for the M16WB1 and R16WB1 warm boot modules However if you wish to reserve more than 16 Kbytes when using RAMDI you may use this option to do so The Lnnn option causes RAMD to reserve nnn 16 Kbyte blocks of memory at the low end of 68000 memory Thus if you are using Trisoft s CP M 68K operating system and you have configured it to use 256 Kbytes of memory you should reserve 16 blocks of memory by including L16 on the RAMD command line The T option performs a non destructive test of the 68000 memory that will be used by the RAM drive and reports the presence of any bad memory cells If bad cells are detected the RAM drive is not loaded and an error is reported Note that the T option does not test areas of 68000 memory reserved by options H and L Thus if you wish to test all of your 68000 memory use the command RAMD T lt enter gt before executing a command line that preserves blocks of memory The next two options D and S are related in that they are both concerned with the assignment of logical drive letters Read the two descriptions together Dx The D option assigns logical drive x to the RAM drive where x is a letter in the range A P
22. ot locate 68000 memory Either the 68000 board set is not installed or you have a hardware problem This message probably reflects a hardware problem However since there is a slight possibility that your RAMD program has been damaged try it on a second computer Error in options The E H L D or option pointed to by A is followed by an inappropriate value Retype the command line Must have a number here Something other than a number appears after the E H or L option pointed to by A Retype the command line Please respond with 1 2 or 3 only You have selected an incorrect option Please select one of those specified Ram drive not installed due to errors detected in 68000 memory Error reported by the T memory test option The number of directory entries you have specified uses up all of the available memory in the ram drive You must specify fewer directory entries 64 is usually sufficient There is not enough free space above the operating system to install the ram drive software You must move the system down by at least 512 bytes last address FDFF before using the ram drive Your CP M operating system is not properly configured See Section 16 in this manual for instruetions This is an invalid drive letter You have specified a drive letter outside of the acceptable A P range after option D S pointed to by Retype the command line Unexpected character in options The command line
23. t circumstances the savings in time and money can be dramatic RAMD has its greatest impact on the speed of program execution when the following criteria are fulfilled The program is intensive meaning that it is constantly reading from and or writing to a disk drive A program and its data file s can all be copied to the RAM drive meaning that the more 68000 memory you have the more useful RAMD be RAMD s possible speed advantage is clearly indicated by comparing the times required to perform two common Vedit operations on a hard disk drive and RAMD drive Figure 2 P amp T RAM Disk Utility INTRODUCTORY NOTES page 1 3 Hard Disk RAM Drive Load File 5 95 sec 1 25 sec Write Reload File using EA 22 00 sec 5 51 sec Figure 2 Example Program Execution Speed Using RAMD The RAM drive is unlike other logical drives one key respect it can only store data while the computer is turned on and receiving power Thus you must back up any data files on the RAM drive before shutting off your computer The implications of this will be discussed further below 16 Configuring CP M For Use With RAMD Since RAMD requires 512 bytes of Z80 memory above the operating system your P4 T CP M 2 operating system must be lowered at least 512 bytes to make space for it This should be done one of two ways depending on which version of P amp T CP M 2 you use Note If you are running RAMD with another program that also resid
24. xecuted the other program s that reside above the CP M This is especially important when you are running a program like CLINK that alters the input output operations of the BIOS Loading RAMD first in this situation may cause the system to crash You must lower the operating system far enough to accommodate both RAMD and the other program s that reside above the operating system In general if you are adding RAMD to an already functioning system diskette you only have to move the operating system 512 bytes 1 2 Kbyte lower than it is at present In some instances however the space required by two or more programs may be greater than the sum of the space required by each of them Thus if the system fails when you first execute RAMD this may indicate that you have not page 42 TECHNICAL NOTES P amp T RAM Disk Utility yet lowered the operating system far enough to accommodate your programs The only way to determine if this is the case is to experiment some eg by lowering the operating system in 256 byte increments until the programs do work P amp T RAM Disk Utility ERROR MESSAGES page 5 1 68000 memory error detected at nnnnnn hex wrote nn read 00 Error reported by the T memory test option Write down the location of the error and call a Radio Shack dealer for assistance Cannot have more than 512 directory entries You have typed a number larger than 512 after the E option This is not allowed Cann
25. y floppy disk logical drive e g a typical floppy only system As you can see there are three files on this diskette RAMD COM RAMD1 COM and WAIT COM If you have a CP M 2 2m system and are using the M16WB1 RI6WB1 warm boot module you will want to use the RAMDLCOM file otherwise you should use RAMD COM Note If you are not sure which warm boot module you are using execute MODSEL from the A gt prompt following the directions in Chapter 6 of your P amp T CP M 2 User s Manual It will allow you to view the modules that are currently selected WAIT COM is a useful utility to use with the SUBMIT utility 2 When you know which version of RAMD you wish to use copy this program to a working system diskette hard disk logical drive by executing one of the two sets of commands depicted in Figure 1 When executing these commands replace D with the letter of the destination logical drive and replace S with the letter of the source logical drive page 12 _ INTRODUCTORY NOTES P amp T RAM Disk Utility S RAMD COMIOV lt enter gt S WAIT COMI OV lt enter gt or S RAMD 1 COM OV lt enter gt S WAIT COMIOV lt enter gt Figure 1 PIP Commands to Backup RAMD 3 Store the master P amp T RAMD diskette with your other master diskettes 4 If you cannot copy the RAMD master diskette or the program does not work properly try performing the operation on a second computer if possible before telephoning P
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