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UniSettle4 User Manual and Analysis Examples

1. CLAY Soft Clay 20 00 90 00 1 0 Use layer avera 110 0 1 210 Conventional E Non Linear Useoverconsol 1 00 The following describes the various features of the Data menu and assumes that a soil layer component has been selected Some of these features may read differently or be disabled altogether if a different component is selected However the concept remains the same View Edit Soil Layer This option is the equivalent of a double click in a data tree item It will bring the selected input window or form to the forefront of the interface Previous Forces the selection of the item appearing just above the item currently selected For example if the second soil layer is currently selected selecting this option will move the focus and display the input data related to the first soil layer Next Forces the selection of the item appearing just below the item currently selected For example if the last soil layer is currently selected selecting this option will move the focus to the Loads item of the data tree Add New Soil Layer Use this option to add a new component to the project Depending on the current selection this feature is also updated and used to add new soil layers pore pressures loads or excavations Components can only be added one at a time Components are always added to the bottom of the list Page 19 of 64 www uri sottlta corm Uni Soft Ltd Geotechnical Solutions
2. Tip To insert a new soil layer between two existing layers use the Add New Soil Layer option in conjunction with the Move Up command discussed below Delete Soil Layer Use this option to delete an existing component of the project Depending on the current selection this feature may be used to delete an existing soil layer pore pressure profile load or excavation Multiple components of the same group may be deleted at once To select a series of components click on the items while holding your keyboard Shift key Use caution when deleting components Once deleted components cannot be retrieved Tip To de select a group of items simply release the Shift key and select any single item again Copy Soil Layer Use this option to copy individual component data into the application memory The data in memory may be pasted into another component of the same kind later Depending on the current selection this feature can only apply to soil layers pore pressure profiles loads or excavations Copy is used in conjunction with the Paste command and has no use outside the application Paste Soil Layer Use this option to apply the contents of the memory to a specific component of the same kind Pasting data amounts to replacing the currently selected group of data with the data in memory Paste is used in conjunction with the Copy command and is most useful to repeat the input of similar components Move Up Move Down Use
3. UniSoft Lte Geotechnical Solutions Eifartiaa Gece inline Tirwar pg a RE 46 05 d AA gt Se bp Errar Hb Li re Low kian Deaprkrezag a Budldi sq center 30 34 14 78 Sea EPs Capre mo are 5 D um oe xA Di ee sp ap pu eu l dl 400 ah 4 WH Lo Lag A E NN iy Tine Acloted SellSerecnt Bau cn AN Layers ot e 20 00 UniSettle4 User Manual and Analysis Examples Pierre A Goudreault and Bengt H Fellenius November 2011 UniSoft Geotechnical Solutions Ltd 528 River Road Ottawa Ontario Canada K1V 1E9 www UnisoftLid com UniSettle 4 0 for Windows User Manual Uni Soft Ltd Geotechnical Solutions 528 River Road Ottawa Ontario Canada K1V 1E9 www unisoftltd com 2011 2012 UniSoft Geotechnical Solutions Ltd All rights reserved Version 4 02 10 4 2011 4 22 55 PM Uni Soft Ltd Geotechnical Solutions TABLE OF CONTENTS PARTI TOINTRODUCTION x o P Q SO R R NR Q R R RR NR R LQ A N L OOO 5 1 1 Welcome vaca eee tesa eeeeeeaeeeeeenees 5 1 2 Technical Support ett eeee nn nr rn 5 1 3 Recommended System Requirements O caceres 5 2 0 WHAT S NEW Bp q a S S S V N N A AP RN N Q N L S A R cr cc 7 3 0 GETTING STARTED O cr 8 3 1 Installation emm nn nn rn 8 3 2 Server Installation O mmm ana mn mn nn 9 3 3 Example Files O cnc rr rr 9 3 4 Removal O erre nr 9 3 5 Activation O erre rr rr 10 3 5 1 Manual Activation O eme mr mr mr 11 3 5 2 Online
4. coefficients of vertical and horizontal consolidation to calculate an average degree of consolidation The following image shows the time related settlement at 5 00 10 00 for all soil layers combined The results are adapted to show the time related settlement of an individual layer by accessing the specific drop down box located on the secondary toolbar imistration Help D g c Q S S 54242 All Layers 5 00 10 00 Time Related Settlernent Boussinesg All Layers at 5 00 10 00 Compression Time Llawg Immediate Consolidation Secondary Total years 54 mm mm mm mm 0 00 0 0 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 0 0 01 0 0 31 97 0 00 0 00 32 0 0 02 0 0 60 48 0 09 0 00 60 6 0 08 D 1 60 48 0 48 0 00 61 0 0 17 D 1 60 48 0 70 0 00 612 0 20 0 1 60 48 0 77 0 00 61 2 0 25 D 1 60 48 0 86 0 00 51 3 0 33 D 1 60 48 1 00 0 00 61 5 O41 60 48 1 12 0 00 61 6 0 50 0 2 116 35 1 23 0 00 117 6 0 58 116 35 2 21 0 00 116 6 0 58 DK 116 35 Ke 0 00 118 6 0 67 93 170 91 75 48 0 00 246 4 0 75 22 1 170 91 178 96 0 00 349 9 0 83 170 91 266 89 0 00 437 8 0 92 170 91 337 09 0 00 508 0 1 00 211 83 396 97 0 00 608 8 1 25 211 83 369 43 0 00 ffi 1 50 81 7 211 83 661 33 0 00 873 2 Important The Basic and Standard versions of UniSettle 4 0 do not calculate time related settlements www unisoftitd com Page 37 of 64 Uni Soft Ltd Geotechnical Solutions 5 12 Chart Results Most results may be presented in chart format This provides a good
5. e Mame Coordinates Show Excavations e Name Coordinates Show Mesh Points a Coordinates Show 0 0 Origin Show History x Use these options to hide or display the loads excavations mesh points their coordinates the 0 0 origin or the construction history via the Show History option Time period This feature allows you to show the various site conditions at a specific time period Assuming that various loads and excavations were set to apply at various time periods you can use this option to display only the components applicable up to that time period Important This feature works in conjunction with the Show History option located under the Site plan options When Show History is selected the loads and excavations displayed will be those applicable up to the selected period i e inclusive When de selected the loads and excavations displayed will only be those applicable to the selected period i e exclusive Redraw Use this feature to redraw the site plan This is a rapid way to reset the drawing to its full view port Tip By default loads appear in light blue while excavations appear in light red with a certain level of transparency This feature results in overlapping loads and excavations of a darker tone www unisoftitd com Page 32 of 64 Uni Soft Ltd Geotechnical Solutions 5 10 Perform an Analysis Technically if you have just created a new project and have not yet entered any data o
6. 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 00 58 9 204 29 4 58 9 29 4 294 I 5 00 110 6 49 0 61 6 110 7 40 0 61 6 F Layer 2 Layer 2 5 00 110 6 39 1 51 5 110 7 49 1 61 6 6 00 137 9 58 3 79 0 138 0 58 9 79 1 Important The concept of changing the specific dataset using the drop down boxes located on the secondary toolbar is typical for all result windows The Professional version of UniSettle produces eight different results topics These are discussed below Most results can also be displayed in chart format The features affecting the charts are discussed in Section 5 12 Chart Results Unvww unisoftitd com Page 34 of 64 Uni Soft Ltd Geotechnical Solutions 5 11 1 Effective Stresses Effective stresses are a compilation of the total stress pore pressure and effective stresses at a specific point for two specific time periods and a specific method i e Boussinesq Westergaard 2 1 Distribution 5 11 2 Total Stresses Total stresses are a compilation of the total stresses for all 3 methods at a specific point The dataset may be modified to display the total stresses caused by a specific soil layer load or excavation The following image shows the total stresses calculated for Building 1 at point 5 00 10 00 E 54 S AZ YE E Building 1 5 00 10 00 Y Me Total Stresses Building 1 at 5 00 10 00 A Boussinesq Westergaard 2to 1 Depth Stress Stress Stress ft ksf ksf ksf Layer 1 Clay crust 0 00 0 000 0 000
7. 00 9 0 5 3 42 9 70 00 34 0 22 8 75 00 9 0 6 2 5 00 Op 80 00 8 9 6 1 80 00 85 00 Y BR s LE 85 00 y 304 20 0 90 00 aJ 5 7 e 90 00 f 292 19 0 7 k STRESS kPa AT POINT O x 2 0 m y 12 0 m Boussinesq stress distribution at Point O Page 8 20 Example 2 is taken from a classic geotechnical text Norwegian Geotechnical Institute Publication No 16 Example 7 Janbu et al 1956 The example shows the results of calculations pre computer era so by hand of settlement for a structure with a footprint of 10 m by 10 m founded at a depth of 2 0 m on 22m of normally consolidated clay deposited on bedrock as shown below copy of the original NGI 16 figure Boussinesq stress distribution 1s assigned and the settlement 1s to be determined below the center of the structure The initial groundwater table lies at a depth of 1 5 m and the distribution of pore water pressure 1s hydrostatic The clay is built up of four layers with the parameters indicated in the below figure The upper and the lower pair of layers are identical The split into two pairs is made in NGI 16 to indicate that of the two main layers are split in two for the calculation process Terreng e e 2 10 mis Gw pg 41M Coe 10 Toto tilvekst ver tikolispenning Effektivt Tett fjell 20 30 VERTIKALSPENNING 1 tim Beregning av spenninger og konsolideringssetning Tilleggs 5 spenning RO Pe i tym sagas 0 15
8. 646 0 000 0 000 6 months Con 7 00 4 773 0 000 0 000 Final Pore Pre 11 00 4 928 0 000 0 000 El Loads 15 00 5 050 0 000 0 000 19 00 5 135 0 000 0 000 Old road Rer 23 00 5 184 0 000 0 000 New road 25 00 5 197 0 000 0 000 Building Layer 3 Silty clay Tower 1 Clarifier 25 00 5 197 0 000 0 000 2 Clarifier 34 00 5 275 0 000 0 000 Canai conch 43 00 5 340 0 000 0 000 Excavations 52 00 5 437 0 000 0 000 Analysis Layer 4 Compact sand X Y Mesh 52 00 5 437 0 000 0 000 Additional De 61 00 5 767 0 000 0 000 70 00 6 142 0 000 0 000 Layer 5 Organic silt 70 00 6 142 0 000 0 000 80 00 6 432 0 000 0 000 90 00 6 762 0 000 0 000 100 00 7 125 0 000 0 000 Layer 6 Sandy silt 100 00 7 125 0 000 0 000 114 00 7 844 0 000 0 000 128 00 8 604 0 000 0 000 142 00 9 394 0 000 0 000 156 00 10 207 0 000 0 000 170 00 11 038 0 000 0 000 Boussinesq T1 Westergaard T1 2 to 1 T1 Layer 7 Silty sand E Boussinesq 12 MH Westergaard T2 HF 2 to 1 T2 170 00 11 038 0 000 0 000 185 00 12 094 0 000 0 000 At T1 Final Condition 200 00 13 163 0 000 0 000 N At T2 Initial Condition The default table appearing after a calculation is completed shows the settlement components immediate consolidation and secondary compression for each soil layer Click on th s J raph button to display a block diagram of the settlements for each layer Page 4 20 U UniSettle 4 0 Fle Data Site Analysis Results Administration Help 046
9. Example Files folder created under the current user documents folder If the application was installed on a server the network administrator will be required to move these files manually to provide access to all users To make sure no important data is lost in the event that you remove the software the example files will not be removed by the uninstall application You will need to do this manually 3 4 Removal UniSettle 4 0 is removed from your system by accessing the Uninstall command located under the main Microsoft Windows Start menu www ur sorttltd corn Page 9 of 64 Uni Soft Ltd Geotechnical Solutions UniSoft GS Ltd de UniSettle 4 0 User Manual pdf PA Tie Our removal application will remove all the files copied at the time of the original setup various components registration information from your registry and all the shortcut links created at the time of installation However it will not remove data files or shortcut links created by users Any traces to UniSettle can be manually deleted from your computer with a simple search of your system If you prefer you can delete UniSettle 4 0 by accessing the Add or Remove Programs feature usually located under Microsoft Windows Control Panel Important If you elected to install the many example files at setup these will not be deleted This is to ensure that you do not delete important information 3 5 Activation All UniSoft products are copy protected
10. From time to time we issue new releases to correct reported problems or simply to add new features When a new release is made available our registered users will be informed by e mail We also suggest that you visit our website at www unisoftltd com frequently where we will be posting the latest news regarding our products In the event that a new release is available you can upgrade your copy using one of three methods 1 By accessing the Check for New Update located under the Start menu of your Microsoft Windows interface www urtilsottlta corn Page 13 of 64 Uni Soft Ltd Geotechnical Solutions k UniSoft GS Ltd er UniSettle 4 0 CY UniSettle 4 0 T User Manual pdf 2 By accessing the Check for New Update located under the main Administration menu of the application UniSettle 4 0 File Data Ste Analysis Results a z Administration User Preferences Check for New Update Activate Advanced 3 Download and manually install the latest setup file from our website at www unisoftltd com Updating your copy of UniSettle 4 0 requires full administrative privileges Please refer to Section 3 0 Getting Started for more information If you have not modified the UniSettle4 exe config file you will not be required to re activate your copy of the software Upgrading via our website or via the Check for New Update feature requires a live internet connectio
11. LAYERS O cr 50 10 1 General 2 gt o o Q C C O LII LV N QL C hNANQ yI N Y N earn mcr nr nr 50 10 2 Compressibility cca tee ce eeeceeeesaeeeeaeeeeees 51 10 3 Secondary Compression cette eee mn mn mn mann 53 10 4 Drainage O mcr cr cr 54 www unisoftitd com Page 3 of 64 Uni Soft Ltd Geotechnical Solutions 11 0 PORE PRESSURE 11 1 General 11 2 Hydrostatic Profile 11 3 Non Hydrostatic Profile 12 0 LOADS AND EXCAVATIONS 12 1 General 12 2 Integration Steps 12 3 Geometry 13 0 MESH POINTS 13 1 Mesh Point Array 13 2 Additional Points 14 0 DEPTH POINTS 14 1 Additional Depths 15 0 USER PREFERENCES 15 1 Engineer 15 2 Environment 15 3 Other Input Page 4 of 64 www unisoftltd cotn Uni Soft Ltd Geotechnical Solutions PART I 1 0 INTRODUCTION 1 1 Welcome Welcome to UniSettle 4 0 for Windows 7 a software application for the calculation of stress distribution and soil settlement involving complex load combinations and soil conditions The documentation for this product is divided into two separate documents This user manual was developed to help you navigate the many features of the software and an examples manual describing the various example files provides the software The Redbook by Dr B H Fellenius can also be downloaded from our website It includes an overview of the engineering concepts and equations used in UniSettle 4 0 This user manual assumes that you are already familiar wi
12. Unisettle4 Always show Recent Projects window at startup UniSettle 4 0 records and keeps a list of the projects previously worked on up to 25 One of the advantages of this feature is that it provides you with more information than simply a file name For a selected project file it will www ur sottltd corn Page 26 of 64 Uni Soft Ltd Geotechnical Solutions display project and client information such as name number description contact address and the full path of the project file in your system The bulk of the information displayed in this window is obtained from the Project Information window which is discussed in Section 8 0 of this document The Remove Item and Remove All options allow you to delete and maintain the project list Selecting Open will open the selected project in UniSettle The list of projects is unique to each user account Opening a project on an instance of the application on your laptop would not affect the list of projects on an other instance of the application Important Although a project may appear on the list it may not be available for you to open Such would be the case if the file was previously deleted and no longer existed or if the file was located on a separate server that is currently unavailable 5 5 Selecting Units The first action one typically completes before entering data is selecting the system of units With UniSettle 4 0 this feature consists of a drop down box c
13. a browser wndow which allows the user to select the folder of his her choice www unisoftitd com Page 23 of 64 Uni Soft Ltd Geotechnical Solutions 5 0 YOUR FIRST ANALYSIS If you have read the previous sections of this document you should be up and running and have a better understanding of the interface However you still have not used the software for its intended purposes This section will guide you through the steps necessary to perform your first analysis 5 1 New Project When starting a new project we recommend that you access the New Project command located under the main File menu Doing so will reset your entire application to the original defaults The main advantage of using this feature is that it will inform you if some data were previously modified and not yet saved In this event you will be provided with the option to save skip or cancel Wl UniSettle 4 0 Site Analysis Results Administration Help New Project Ctrl N vd e Open Project Ctrl O D i Boussines q Recent Projects Save Ctrl 5 Save As Import Export Page Setup Print User Preferences Ctrl P Ctrl A When beginning a new project your interface will revert back to the original defaults and preferences Some of these preferences may be customized to your specific needs In order to do this access the User Preferences command located under the main Administration menu Refer to Part Il of this docum
14. a building with a basement It is then very unlikely that the groundwater table stays at a depth of 1 5 m also inside the structure most probably the groundwater table is lowered at least to a depth of 2 0 m After changing to a final groundwater table at 2 0 m and assuming hydrostatic distribution below this level a re calculation with UniSettle returns a settlement of 106 mm at the center and 91 mm at the characteristic point Well perhaps the effect of lowering the groundwater table is not constant but changes linearly to the original value at bottom of the clay layer 22 m depth UniSettle now calculates a settlement of 92 mm below the center of the structure and 77 mm at the characteristic point The NGI 16 text includes a separate calculation of the immediate settlement a value of 22 mm is indicated to be added to the consolidation settlement of 89 mm for the example Whether or not to include a calculation of immediate settlement in a case similar to the subject one can be argued As can the method to use for its calculation applying an elastic modulus or adjusting the compressibility parameters NGI 16 uses the elastic modulus approach with an E value of 7 000 KPa for the two upper soul layers and 9 000 KPa for the two lower layers UniSettle s calculation shows 20 mm for the original input values One might also question the magnitude of the immediate E moduli but is irrelevant to the example The NGI 16 figure also provides values o
15. and FAQs that may already have the answer to your question Before contacting us please make sure that you are using the latest release of the product as we correct and release updates as issues are reported Also please have your serial number available It is shown in the About window located under the main Help menu 1 3 Recommended System Requirements UniSettle 4 0 was developed specifically for the Microsoft Windows 7 environment In that regard it requires Microsoft Net Framework Version 3 5 SP1 or above Microsoft Net Framework comes pre installed with Microsoft Windows 7 www ur sottltd corn Page 5 of 64 Uni Soft Ltd Geotechnical Solutions Our setup application will attempt to locate Microsoft Net Framework in your system For earlier versions of Microsoft Windows such as Windows Vista Windows XP SP3 and Windows 2000 you may need to visit the Microsoft website download and install Microsoft Net Framework prior to resuming the installation of UniSettle 4 0 Microsoft Net Framework is a component developed and maintained by Microsoft Corp Itis free for all registered users of Microsoft Windows www unisoftltd cortrn Page 6 of 64 Uni Soft Ltd Geotechnical Solutions 2 0 WHAT S NEW Now 32 bit UniSettle 4 0 is now a 32 bit compiled application Itis fully compatible with Microsoft Windows XP Windows 2000 and Windows 7 both 32 bit and 64 bit versions New input and results windows We have developed
16. diagram is plotted after exporting the results to Excel and then plotting the data Settlement at Center of Foundation Consolidation lt LLI LLI l LLI Y Secondary Immediate TIME years First 50 years of settlements for Example 2 at the center of the foundation Page 11 20 The above time settlement diagram indicates the start of the secondary compression to be at the point of 90 consolidation Because secondary compression is only of interest at a time long after the end of the consolidation its initial portion 1s normally of little concern However a purist might find the initial horizontal portion of the secondary compression curve disturbing UniSettle provides two ways of making the secondary compression start at the initiation of the consolidation One quick and dirty approach is to input a very short time for the duration of the consolidation and adjust the coefficient so that say the 30 year compression 1s the same as the that for the actual duration This approach however distorts initial portion of the curve The second approach is to export the results to Excel and shift the secondary compression column to start at the start of the consolidation as opposed to at the end and plot the curves accordingly Example 3 is taken from the another classic textbook Terzaghi and Peck 1948 Examples in Chapter V Articles 35 and 36 Problems 3 and 1 respectively The following is the
17. end of construction i e final condition In real cases it is expected that large construction projects are spread over many months and often consist of various stages of loading and unloading In an effort to address real situations UniSettle 4 0 is now incorporating www unisoftitd com Page 27 of 64 Uni Soft Ltd Geotechnical Solutions time as a variable This means that whenever modeling a pore pressure profile a load or an excavation a time period at which the change is taking place must be specified As a result the software considers the start of construction as the initial condition time 0 However the definition of the term final condition is reserved to identify a time in the future well beyond the end of construction Example Assuming that an old building is removed over a 3 month period and replaced by a new building a year later This example could be modeled by entering the following components in UniSettle Soil layers and properties at the start of construction Footprint of the existing building with a positive stress effect at a Time t 0 month initial Footprint of the existing building with a negative stress effect at a Time t 3 months Footprint of the new building with a positive stress effect at a Time t 15 months In UniSettle 4 0 the unloading caused by the removal of the existing building will be taken into account when calculating the total compression of the soil after the completio
18. enter your own type This entry has no effect on the rest of the results and is provided for information only Description Use this to enter the description of your choice This entry has no effect on the rest of the results and is provided for information only Label Use this entry to override the label that will be presented at the top of each layer in the results table If left blank the layer number within the profile and the name previously assigned will be used Thickness Defines the thickness of the layer under consideration Setting this value to O will disable the layer and disregard it during calculations Changing the thickness of a layer will automatically revise the depth of the layer under consideration and other layers located below Depth Use this entry to specify the depth at the bottom of the soil layer under consideration as an alternative to the thickness Changing the depth will revise the thickness of the layer under consideration and the depths of the soil layers below www unisoftitd com Page 50 of 64 Uni Soft Ltd Geotechnical Solutions Z Steps Use this value to define the integration steps along the thickness of the soil layer under consideration When set to 0 the integration steps will be set internally Using a small value will proportionally increase the time necessary to perform the calculations As such integration steps smaller than 0 3 m 1 ft will not be accepted Important To improve t
19. in the menu bar One load area at a time is displayed The picture below shows the combination of two such displays Note that not only do the tables show the values at the 80 m depth 1t includes the values of the entire profile Moreover 1t displays the parallel calculation made for the Westergaard solution A diagram see below is also available to show graphically the distribution of stress at Point O Of course any other point could be chosen for the calculation And should the soil data density ground water table or pore pressure distribution soil compressibility UniSettle will calculate the settlement at any point indicated Page 7 20 3 Administration Help sl c G sas Sam VEZ i EA Boussinesq j area 1 IS 00 12 00 3 x Total Stresses x _ al Total Stresses Area 1 at 2 00 12 00 P a pp od e Depth Stress Stress Cm md 6 ws eg Layer 1 Flastic soil Layer 1 Elastic soil 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 5 00 0 0 1 0 0 7 5 00 07 6 8 10 00 0 3 2 1 4 5 10 00 4 2 13 0 15 00 0 8 3 0 11 5 15 00 10 5 18 0 20 00 1 7 3 8 19 2 20 00 17 5 21 8 25 00 2 8 4 5 26 6 25 00 23 7 24 4 30 00 4 0 5 1 32 7 30 00 28 7 25 9 35 00 5 1 5 6 37 3 35 00 32 2 26 7 40 00 6 1 5 9 30 6 40 00 34 5 26 9 45 00 7 0 6 2 32 8 45 00 35 7 26 7 50 00 77 6 3 34 0 50 00 36 3 26 2 55 00 8 2 54 44 4 55 00 36 2 25 5 60 00 8 6 6 4 34 3 60 00 35 7 24 7 65 00 8 9 6 4 33 8 65 00 34 9 23 8 70
20. kPa 0 0 Immediate Recomp Modulus Er kPa 0 0 Compression Index Ce 0 005 Recompression Index Cr 0 004 Method Use this entry to select the preferred settlement calculation method The available options are the Janbu modulus method or the conventional E o Ce and C method The default for this entry can be changed by accessing the User Preferences option located under the main Administration menu Stress Exponent j The Janbu stress exponent applicable to the soil layer under consideration This input is available only when the Janbu modulus method was selected previously www unisoftitd com Page 51 of 64 Uni Soft Ltd Geotechnical Solutions Soil Response Select the type of soil response linear or non linear Only available when the conventional method was selected previously Preconsolidation Parameter Select how preconsolidation will be specified Preconsolidation can be defined using the overconsolidation ratio OCR or the preconsolidation margin Ao Overconsolidation Ratio OCR Use this entry to specify preconsolidation using an overconsolidation ratio Setting this value to 1 0 is equivalent to disabling preconsolidation This input is only available when the preconsolidation using the overconsolidation ratio OCR is selected Preconsolidation Margin Ao Use this entry to specify preconsolidation using a preconsolidation margin Setting this value to 0 is equivalent to disabling preconsolidation T
21. m 0 0 Recompression Modulus Number mr 0 0 Seconday Compression Excavations New Excavation E Analysis Mesh Points Depth Points Secondary Compression Index Ca 0 00000 Start of Consolidation ti years 0 00 Duration of Consolidation tso years Duration of consolidation used in the calculation of secondary compression Project New Project Untitled PROFESSIONAL 4 0 0 15 Toolbar A toolbar is a graphic user interface component upon which menus buttons icons or other input or output elements are placed www urlsott ltd cormn Page 15 of 64 Uni Soft Ltd Geotechnical Solutions Menu and sub menu A menu is a list of commands usually presented at the top of the interface or at the top of individual windows Menus are often hierarchically organized allowing navigation through different levels of the menu structure Selecting a menu entry should result in an action or provide another list of options The latter is referred to as a sub menu UniSettle 4 0 Analysis View Edit Load Results Administration Help ES Boussinesq Delete Load Copy Load Main menu Paste Load PC Sub menus Move Up Move Down Expand All mes Col lapse All Garage Popular menu items are often presented as buttons on toolbars This saves the user time by allowing quick access to frequently used actions Button In computing terms a button is
22. mr 37 5 12 Chart Results O rre 38 5 13 Save Data O rr 40 5 14 Print Data and Results 2 emma rr rr 40 6 0 IMPORTING AND EXPORTING nr 42 6 1 Importing UniSettle XMLU Files L ecc mann n mn man 42 6 2 Importing UniSettle 3 0 Files tate ete et mm rnrrr marnan 43 63 EXPO LO XNLU GI SEET 43 6 4 Export Site Plan to Bitmap cette ete tee ee eeeeeeeeeeeeees 44 6 5 Export Results to Excel gt o QOQG G PN X lt gt G essssev re ereelle e le lel ee le e mer mr rr 44 6 6 Export Results to Text File gt lt gt o o B Y YV gt QQ o xeree eDc LLL ILG I IlI l K aa enmenrmrrmnr mr rar rra 44 6 7 Export Chart to Bitmap O U O gt O gt gt b h2 J 9 eYseDec cLccv R IQIQIQD x x xl Ci V3Wwsssskusssssapssssssshasakasskass 44 7 0 ADMINISTRATION B Bvl x bqS S DSSOS IA D I A R NLRNQNQeR L LNLU AI p U B 7 rr 45 7 1 User Preferences VD Gusq ND QN D A L S MP S Q QR N R 0 N U Q 7 erre 45 7 2 Check for New Update 3 oB C lt c o gt o v OasopIeDos ss Q RI CLlllleLee L l_tel tt eiI LLtltlllI ecc 45 ANNAN 45 PART Il 8 0 PROJECT INFORMATION O cc rr rr 46 8 1 Project ecc 46 EE ageet 46 8 3 Engineer O erre rr rr 47 8 4 Custom O er cr rr 47 9 0 SETTINGS EE 48 9 1 General Settings gt V VW a ls Q s II IIIIIIIII eecrmmcrnmnnrmrnrmrnrmrnnnr 48 9 2 Vertical Drains anata rr rr rr 48 A E 49 10 0 SOIL
23. permanent activation code As an alternative you can activate your licence using the Online Activation option 3 5 2 Online Activation Use online activation if the activation code provided to you has expired or is no longer valid If online activation is successful your copy of the software will be temporarily activated until we receive your request electronically You will be asked to provide some information to allow us to verify the legitimacy of the request More importantly you will be asked to specify a valid e mail address where we will send your permanent activation code Online Activation Serial User Name 50 max Company Name 75 max Street Address City State Country E mail Address Accept Cancel Once you receive your permanent activation code you will be required to activate your copy using the manual activation procedure Important For this service to function properly a live Internet connection with unhindered access to our web server is required Please consult with your network administrator as your Internet connections may be set to block 2 way communications for some ports Communication to our web server is performed via port 8889 3 5 3 Request Activation Code Use this option to request an activation code if both manual and online activation code attempts have failed You will be asked to provide information to allow us to verify the legitimacy of the request More importantly you w
24. the breadth or width measured at the base of an embankment shape load Height H Defines the total height of an embankment shape load Density Defines the density of the material used in the construction of an embankment The total contact stress is calculated by multiplying the volume of the embankment by its density Load Q The total load caused by a point load Load q The total contact stress applied by a load For linear loads q is expressed as load per length For surface area loads q is expressed as load per area X and Y Coordinates These define the exact location and shape of the load or excavation The exact representation of X and Y vary depending on the shape under consideration Refer to the image associated with each type of load or excavation for details Important When more than two coordinates are required to define the shape i e Triangle and Polygon the coordinates must be entered in a clockwise fashion www unisoftitd com Page 60 of 64 Uni Soft Ltd Geotechnical Solutions 13 MESH POINTS Mesh points represent the X Y coordinates where effective stresses and settlements will be calculated and reported Mesh points can be defined as an array i e group or individually The total number of mesh points allowed in a single analysis depends on the version you are running Important The number of mesh points is by far the most important factor affecting the speed at which calculations are per
25. these two commands to revise the order of the selected item inside the data tree Moving soil layers up or down the list will affect the results as soil layers are assumed to be in the order in which they appear Tip Use the Move Up command in conjunction with the Add New Soil Layer option to insert a new soil layer between two existing soil layers Expand All One of the best features of the data tree is that long lists of components may be individually collapsed or expanded by clicking on the or sign located on the left side of a heading In addition the complete tree may be expanded by selecting the Expand All command Individual items can then be collapsed by clicking the sign located on the left side of the heading Collapse All This command acts opposite to the Expand All command It collapses the entire tree to a minimum number of items Individual items can then be expanded by clicking the sign located on the left side of the heading 4 4 Entering Data In an effort to provide consistency and to facilitate the use of the software all input windows use an Excel type grid and cell system The following image uses the User Preferences window to describe some of the features www unisoftltd corrn Page 20 of 64 Uni Soft Ltd Geotechnical Solutions applicable to most input windows User preferences may be accessed from the main Administration menu and are discussed in greater detail in Section 7 1 User Preferen
26. using activation code technology When you purchased UniSetile 4 0 you were provided with a unique serial number and activation code that will unlock your copy of the software for 30 days Within that period of time you are responsible to forward your unique registration number created at setup Upon receiving this number we will issue a new unique activation code that will permanently activate your copy of the product Protection of our product may seem a nuisance at times but we strongly believe that it can protect your investment as well If you have acquired our product through legitimate channels this probably means that you are professional and serious about your work By protecting our product we hope to maximize your competitive advantage by making sure that others are competing on a same playing field We also hope that limiting pirating will provide us with the necessary revenues required to continuously maintain and improve our products To activate your licence access the Activate feature located under the main Administration menu At this time you are provided with three options Manual Activation Online Activation or Request Activation Code www urtilsottlta corn Page 10 of 64 Uni Soft Ltd Geotechnical Solutions UniSettle 4 0 File Data Site Analysis Results Administration z User Preferences Check for New Update pee U U CT a P Tua lll l ipa pai Activation EX II
27. verbatim quote from the book A building of very great length has a width of 120 ft Its weight constitutes a practically uniform surcharge of 5 0 ksf on the ground surface Between the depths of 70 and 90 ft there is a layer of soft clay The rest of the subsoil is dense sand The soft clay has a natural water content of 45 The unit weight of the solids is 168 5 pcf and the total unit weight of the dense sand is 130 pcf The free water level groundwater table is at the ground surface From the results of consolidation tests it has been ascertained that the compression index C is equal to 0 50 Art 35 Problem 3 Compute the intensity of vertical stress using Newmark influence chart due to the weight of the building at the following points located in a horizontal plane at mid height of the compressible layer directly below the edge of the building 20 ft from the edge toward the center line 40 ft from the edge toward the center line and directly below the center line Answer 2 30 2 96 3 43 3 57 ksf Art 36 Problem 1 Compute settlements at the edge and center of the building Answer 8 5 and 12 3 in Using the information given in the problem texts the equations in Chapter UniPhase provides the void ratio eo and saturated total density of the clay is determined to 1 21 and 110 pcf respectively The void ratio and compression index combine to a Janbu modulus number of 10 Calculations of the stress using UniSettle return
28. 0 000 3 00 0 000 0 000 0 000 Layer 2 Soft clay 3 00 0 000 0 000 0 000 4 00 4 000 4 000 4 000 7 00 3 998 3 787 3 693 5 11 3 Effective Stresses Comparison The effective stresses comparison is a compilation of the total effective stresses at a specific point for two time periods If specified as part of the analysis the stresses will be calculated as per Boussinesq Westergaard and 2 1 distribution 5 11 4 Total Settlement The total settlement results are a compilation of the immediate consolidation and secondary settlement at a specific point and for a specific analysis method The following image displays the total settlement calculated as per Boussinesg at point 5 00 10 00 www unisoftitd com Page 35 of 64 UniSof Ltd Geotechnical Solutions Important lysis Results Administration Help tits Custornany US Fe O G CC SAS SAS Je k 3 Regen CAT a e g Total Settlement Initial Immediate Consolidation Layer 1 Soil Janbu j 0 0 00 0 00 2 000 2 21 10 92 4 00 KE 3 414 1 99 5 75 6 00 2 94 4 694 1 77 4 80 12 00 41 5 949 39 3 51 16 00 3 88 7 227 a 2 82 The consolidation settlements displayed in this table represent the long term total settlement i e tioo The secondary settlements are those calculated at a time specified in the soil properties Refer to Soil Data in Part II of this document for more detail regarding the calculation of the secondary settlement 5 11 5 Differential Settlem
29. 10 00 Le 120 00 210 00 Se 120 00 290 00 60 00 50 00 the 60 00 140 00 A 170 00 152 50 Important Action buttons are only enabled when the focus is on a specific point X Y Define the X and Y coordinates of a specific mesh point Status Status Enable Enable Enable Enable Enable Disable Disable Add point above selected Add point below selected Delete selected point Name 1 Center 1 Edge over old road 1 Edge over new ground New Road New Road over old Building center Tower center Defines the status of the mesh points during the analysis Set to Disable to ignore specific points during analysis Name Defines a custom name for the mesh point under consideration We suggest keeping this name short as it is used in the various results windows and combo boxes Page 62 of 64 www urisottltda corm Uni Soft Ltd Geotechnical Solutions 14 DEPTH POINTS Use this window to specify additional depths that will be used during the analysis 14 1 Additional Depths Additional depths are defined by entering a depth value Depth points are added or deleted using the action buttons located at the top of the window Add point above selected Add point below selected Delete selected point Depth z ft Description 1 2 00 Along wall EA 3 00 Important Action buttons are only enabled when the focus is on a specific depth www unisoftitd com Page 63 of 64 Uni Soft Ltd Geotechnical S
30. 194 0 5 0 9 e 5 0 3 3 1 70 1 5 3 30 1 5 0 9 i 0 58 1 70 1 66 5 0 4 5 3 5 0 9 40 1 1 19 10 0 7 80 5 0 0 9 34 1 0 58 16 5 12 30 6 5 0 9 i 15 1 0 26 Konsolideringssetning 3 N A Soil profile loading case and results table As a somewhat cheeky comment a calculation by means of the phase system equations in Chapter 1 of the Red Book shows that the void ratio values of about 1 22 indicated in the figure are not compatible with the 1 900 kg m value indicated for the total saturated density unless the solid density of the clay particles is about 3 000 kg m about ten percent higher than the probable value The void ratio values combined with the more realistic value of solid density of 2 670 kg m require a saturated density of about 1 750 kg m The 1 900 kg m value indicated in the figure has been retained in the following however The Reader will have to excuse that also the Norwegian language has been retained one does not tinker with the classics Page 9 20 The original units in old metric shown in the figure have been converted to new metric Le SI units and the net input of 17 KPa for the stress imposed by the structure final conditions has been replaced by an input stress of 50 KPa plus input of final excavation to the 2 0 m depth 1 e a reduction by 33 KPa N B because the excavation has the same footprint as the structure no difference is caused by separating input of load from in
31. 3 A units customary us y g s gz SAS ARIS be ee Ela zm je CE GB soussnesa gt open area 262 47 652 General Input a Project Inforn Settings Soil Layers Layers Total Compression x Layer Cor_ ession Chart en Bien Boussinesq at Open area 262 47 65 62 z Layer 1 1 y compression 1 13 Layer Compression Thickness Immediate Consolidation Secondary ft in in in Layer Compression Clay crust 3 00 0 017 0 012 0 000 Boussinesq at Open area 262 47 65 62 Silty sand Soft clay 22 00 0 169 7 299 2 147 Bedrock Silty clay 27 00 0 217 1 776 E Pore Pressure Compact sand q 0 093 0 061 Compression in Initial Conditi Organic silt 0 430 0 638 6 months Con Sandy silt H 0 653 0 294 Final Pore Pre Silty sand 1 0 205 0 073 Loads All Layers T 1 784 10 154 El Clay crust Old road init Old road Rer Silty clay Compact san Organic silt Sandy silt New road Building Tower 1 Clarifier Name Soft clay 2 Clarifier Type General surch Excavations Soft clay Description Label Analysis Thickness ft 22 00 Depth ft 25 00 Additional De Z Steps ft 3 0 Layer Interpolation Use layer average values Density lb ft 105 0 Initial Void Ratio eo 1 440 Compact sand Method Janbu j and modulus number Organic silt Stress Exponent j 0 0 Peat clay and silt Preconsolidation Parameter Use preconso
32. 6 Export Results to Text File As an alternative to exporting to Excel results may be exported to a Tab delimited text file Contrary to exporting to Excel exporting to a text file is context sensitive meaning that only the results currently on top with the focus can be exported 6 7 Export Chart to Bitmap The chart currently on screen may be exported to a color bitmap image for further manipulation or insertion into a report Exporting a results chart is similar to exporting the site plan When selected you will be presented with an environment window which gives you the option to browse and save your data using the filename and folder of your choice www unisoftitd com Page 44 of 64 Uni Soft Ltd Geotechnical Solutions 7 0 ADMINISTRATION The features located under the main Administration menu are related to the general management of the application itself Access it to set personal preferences to upgrade to a new release or to activate the application after purchase 7 1 User Preferences Preferences are settings that control a user s account and various aspects of the user s viewing and editing environment Preferences include the default project folder system units numerical format and many more User preferences are discussed in detail in Part II of this document 7 2 Check for New Update Use this option to automatically contact our Internet server and verify if a new release of UniSettle is available Upgrading
33. Activation O emm mr mn rr 12 3 5 3 Request Activation Code O emma mn mn mann narra manana 12 3 5 4 Server vs Desktop Activation marnan nrnnn mann 13 3 6 Upgrading O er cr rr 13 4 0 USING UNISETTLE O cr rr 15 4 1 Definitions ance eeseeesaeeseeeeeeeenes 15 4 2 Navigating UniSettle 4 0 ttt rr rr 18 A t i t s OCO CS cist enone 18 4 4 Entering Data tate rr 20 5 0 YOUR FIRST ANALYSIS O amm 24 5 1 New Project E 24 5 2 Using the Demo Examples O cm rr rr rr 24 5 3 Open Project o rre 25 5 4 Recent Projects o emm 26 5 5 Selecting Units O crm merma mr 27 5 6 Introducing Time 2 2 2 2 em rr rr nr 27 5 7 Introducing Mesh Points O emmm rr rr 28 5 8 Viewing Design Data emm rr rr 29 5 9 View Site Plan acca mn nn 30 5 10 Performan Analysis 0 rr 33 5 11 Review Results O emm rr 33 5 11 1 Effective Stresses O errar 35 5 11 2 Total Stresses ett ee rr rr rr 35 5 11 3 Effective Stresses Comparison nett eet marnan mn mann 35 www ur sorttltd corn Page 2 of 64 Uni Soft Ltd Geotechnical Solutions 5 11 4 Total Settlement gt o o gt oUV DAN ox o gt x yll Q Q ereL SUYO S R QA R L L a aQ Q rm 36 5 11 5 Differential Settlement gt QoCY1 U O _ B lt gt W G Q SSO emmm rr rm mn ran 36 5 11 6 Settlement Comparison x O gt gt NN zb crm mr mr mr 37 5 11 7 Layer Compression 37 5 11 8 Time Related Settlement ercer rr
34. Ctrl X Existing Church ES Boussines Results Administration fe A browser window showing the contents of your computer and other connected drives should appear UniSeitle 4 0 project files have by default the Unisettle4 file extension Once you find the project you are looking for simply bring it in by clicking the Open button Favorite Links Desktop Ml Computer Documents Pictures Music Recently Changed Searches Public Folders E3 Mame El Example 1 Newmark Diagram Unisettled Example 2 NGI16 Unisettled Example 3 Terzaghi Peck Unisettled Example 4 Ring Tank Unisettled Example 5 Multi structures Unisettled as Example 6 5quare Unisettled Example 7 Bangkok Unisettled BE Example 8 Bangkok Fig 13 Unisettled 2 a File name Example 3 Terzaghi Peck Unisettled Page 25 of 64 Date modif Type 27 09 1201 21 09 201 21 09 201 21 09 201 27 09 201 21 09 201 21 09 201 27 09 201 UniSettle 4 0 Project File UniSettle 4 0 Project File UniSettle 4 0 Project File UniSettle 4 0 Project File UniSettle 4 0 Project File UniSettle 4 0 Project File UniSettle 4 0 Project File Unisettle 4 0 Project File Unww unisoftitd com Uni Soft Ltd Geotechnical Solutions If the process was successful the interface and the data tree will automatically be updated to display the latest set of data Important In many versions of Windows file exten
35. E General 1 Clarifier Name 2 Clarifier Type General surch Se Excavations es Silty clay E sap h Thickness ft 22 00 Dicta Depth ft 25 00 Clay crust Additional De Z Steps ft Layer Interpolation Density Ib ft Initial Void Ratio eo Compressibility Method Stress Exponent j PreconsolidationParameter Preconsolidation Margin Ao ksf Immediate Comp Modulus Number mi Virgin Modulus Number m Recompression Modulus Number mr Consolidation and Creep Drainage Path Hdr Coefficient of Consolidation cv m s x10 Unloading Consolidation Factor cvr Time at 90 Consolidation tso years Secondary Compression Index Co 3 0 Use layer average values 105 0 1 440 Janbuj and modulus number 0 0 Peat clay and silt Use preconsolidation margin Ac 0 100 300 0 16 0 120 0 Double 4 000 1 00 7 56 0 0900 Compact sand Organic silt Sandy silt Silty sand Time After End of Consolidation ta years 5 00 EE Immediate J Consolidation MW Secondary Project Old UniSettle 3 0 Example Ex5 Multi structures OLD Ex 8 Demo Unisettle4 PROFESSIONAL 4 0 0 8 Look at the above figure and the additional screen captures following below to familiarize yourself with the software Then study the examples presented in the following in parallel to opening the respective case files You will be up and running UniSettle in no time for any case however elaborate Should you still have a ques
36. Effective Stress T1 Secondary Compresson index Ca 0 0060 7 A econder meres on index f qa EE ss sas da Total E Total Stress T2 W Pore Pressure T2 B Effective Stress T2 Time After End of Consobdaton to years 5 00 UniSettle is a software for calculation of settlement consolidation as well as immediate and secondary compression It applies basic soil mechanics principles as described in the Red Book Fellenius 2009 notably Chapters 1 and 3 appended to the end of this tutorial somewhat upgraded UniSettle can handle problems of settlement common in geotechnical engineering practice It can be used with customary US units as well as Sl units A click on a button will shift back and forth between the systems with conversion of all input and output The calculation results are provided in tables and graphics that can be exported to common file formats notably Excel UniSettle accepts a large number of load areas in different shapes and with uniform or non uniform distribution of stress Soil density compressibility and void ratio can vary within a soil layer Pore pressures can be hydrostatic or non hydrostatic with a number of changes throughout the soil profile Stress distribution can be by Boussinesq Westergaard or 2 1 method Page 2 20 UniSettle Version 3 comes with several prepared examples aiming to show how the software can assist a User in performing settlement analysis On first opening the program
37. III 1 IIIII Please select one of three options Manual Activation Use this option if you were provided with a valid activation code O Online Activation Use this option if the activation code provided to you is temporary or is no longer valid F accepted this will temporarily activate you copy of the software until you receive a permanent activation code Alive Internet connection and unhindered access to our web server is required to complete this process _ Request Activation Code Use this option to request a unique activation code if both manual and online activation has failed You should receive your activation code within 38 hours Warning Changing your system date and time in an attempt to bypass the expiration will completely disable the application It may also affect other products using similar protection methods 3 5 1 Manual Activation Select manual activation if you were provided with a serial number and activation code You will be asked to enter your serial number activation code and company name Click on Accept to complete the process If accepted your copy of the software will be activated accordingly Manual Activation Px Serial Activation Code Company Name 75 max Unww unisoftitd com Page 11 of 64 Uni Soft Ltd Geotechnical Solutions If your copy is temporarily activated you will be required to contact us with your unique registration number so we may issue a
38. If you have used Microsoft Windows Explorer or Microsoft Windows Outlook in the past you are likely very familiar with data trees One of the most powerful features of the data tree is that long lists of components may be individually collapsed or expanded by clicking on the or sign located on the left side of a heading S General Input Project Information settings E Soil Layers Layer 1 A General Input Layer 2 E Soil Layers Layer 3 BS Pore Pressure E Pore Pressure da S Initial Pore Pressure Loads Final Pore Pressure r Excavations E Loads Analysis m Building Excavations Garage E Analysis X Y Mesh Additional Depths Z The various features of the data tree used in UniSettle are discussed in Section 4 2 Navigating UniSettle 4 0 Windows In a Microsoft Windows compatible application windows are used to display textual and graphical information In UniSettle 4 0 windows or forms are used to enter general data soil properties loads and excavations display results display messages etc This document assumes that you have prior experience with other Microsoft Windows products and that you are already familiar with the many features attached to windows such as opening moving resizing and closing Component This manual uses the term component to describe groups of data of the same type For example all soil layers are individual components of the same type Loads and excav
39. Preferences option located under the main Administration menu The option of changing the gravity constant is for compatibility with previous versions of UniSettle to facilitate the validation of calculations performed in the metric system or for projects situated outside the gravitational field of the earth Important When converting from SI to Customary US units the software ignores the gravity constant and uses commonly used conversion factors i e 1 kg 2 20 lbs 1 Ib ft3 16 02 kg m3 9 2 Vertical Drains Use this section to specify the constants applicable to vertical drains The influence of vertical drains and the depth at which they apply is discussed in Section 10 4 Drainage Vertical Drains Drain Equivalent Diameter d mm 400 Drain Influence Zone D m 125 Time t month 7 Drain Equivalent Diameter d Represents the equivalent diameter of a single drain Drain Influence Zone D Represents the zone of influence of a single drain This value is usually obtained based on the layout of the drains on the field www urilsottlta corn Page 48 of 64 Uni Soft Ltd Geotechnical Solutions Time t Time at which vertical drains are installed Time t 0 refers to initial condition 9 3 Analysis Stress Distribution All Methods Limit Secondary Settlement No Stress Distribution UniSetile 4 0 can perform stress distribution using Boussinesq Westergaard and 2 1 Distribution Use this entry to sel
40. Series Use this option to add or remove a specific series from the chart The series in this list vary depending on the type of results displayed on the screen Show points Select this option to toggle chart points ON OFF Axes scaling Use this option to customize the scale used for each axis When accessing this feature a scroll bar will be displayed allowing you to move the visible extent of the data Reset Axes Scale Use this option to quickly reset the axes scale to 1 1 Important Although multiple results windows may be displayed onscreen simultaneously only the top results window with the focus can be charted www ur sottltd corn Page 39 of 64 Uni Soft Ltd Geotechnical Solutions 5 13 Save Data The input data are saved by accessing the Save or Save As command located under the main File menu UniSettle 4 0 Data Site Analysis Results Administr New Project Ctrl N Open Project Ctrl 0 Recent Projects Save As Import Export Page Setup Print Total Settlement Ctri P Exit Ctrl A When selecting Save As you will always be presented with an environment window giving you the option to browse and save your data using the filename and folder of your choice If your data were previously saved or opened under a given name the Save option will skip the environment window and save the file in the background Important The Save and Open options can only be used to
41. Settle 4 0 now calculates immediate and secondary settlements When importing old data into UniSettle 4 0 the soil properties affecting immediate and secondary settlements are set to 0 Multiple mesh points and methods Calculation of stresses and settlements can now be performed at multiple mesh points simultaneously using Boussinesq Westergaard or 2 1 distribution You must manual set these variables before proceeding to your analysis 6 3 Export to XMLU File UniSettle 4 0 has exporting capabilities for XMLU files Although very specific to UniSettle 4 0 and other UniSoft applications the XMLU file format is based on the popular extensible markup language XML In short XML is a set of rules for encoding documents into machine readable form When used in conjunction with the importing features of UniSettle exporting of soil layers pore pressure profiles loads and excavations allows you to quickly combine data from one project with another It can also be used to build a library of soil profiles loads or excavations www urtilsottlta corn Page 43 of 64 Uni Soft Ltd Geotechnical Solutions Exporting XMLU files is very similar to saving a project file When selected you will always be presented with an environment window giving you the option to browse and save your data using the filename and folder of your choice 6 4 Export Site Plan to Bitmap The site plan may be exported to a high resolution color bitmap image by acc
42. a o O Unloading Immediate Consolidation Secondary Total Note that the purpose of including the case records is not to try to compare agreement between theory and observations but to demonstrate the use of UniSettle for such comparison An ambitious comparison would require more complete site and soil data than the available information allows Page 20 20
43. a new look for all input and results windows These were designed to simplify data entry and facilitate navigation between various components and results Janbu and conventional method Compression of individual soil layers can now be calculated based on either Janbu or conventional parameters Input conversion to Janbu parameters is no longer required Time period In previous releases of UniSettle loads excavations and pore pressure profiles could only be specified as initial or final condition A specific time period for individual load excavation and pore pressure profile can now be specified This allows for the modeling of real site conditions over time Load Types Two new load types have been introduced full and half embankments Immediate and secondary settlement In addition to consolidation settlement UniSettle 4 0 now calculates immediate and secondary settlements Time dependent settlement UniSettle 4 0 now calculates the time related settlements according to the Terzaghi one dimensional consolidation equation or according to vertical drains theory Multiple analysis points and methods Calculation of stresses and settlements can now be performed at multiple mesh points simultaneously using Boussinesq Westergaard or 2 1 distribution www unisoftltd cortrn Page 7 of 64 Uni Soft Ltd Geotechnical Solutions 3 0 GETTING STARTED 3 1 Installation If a previous release of UniSettle 4 0 is already installed on your c
44. a user interface element that provides the user with a simple way to trigger an event Selecting a button should result in an action or in the case of a drop down button provide a list of available options Buttons are often an iconic representation of the most popular menu options They can also contain short text commands such as OK Cancel or Proceed Buttons located on toolbars are usually a repeat of the most frequently used menu items Drop down box A drop down box is a commonly used graphical user interface component It may be a combination of a drop down list or list box and a single line textbox allowing the user to either type a value directly into the control or choose from the list of items In UniSettle 4 0 design units are selected from a drop down box displayed on the main toolbar www urilsottltda corn Page 16 of 64 Uni Soft Ltd Geotechnical Solutions 8 UniSettle 4 0 File Data Site Anaka ee ir Strati Help oF y HK EEES OR Boussinesc Customary US General Input Project Information Settings Data tree A data tree is a widely used method to display inter related data It emulates a hierarchical tree structure with a set of linked nodes In UniSettle 4 0 a data tree is used to access every data form available The main advantage of a data tree is that it makes information visible and readily available rather than having to navigate complicated menu structures
45. at regard our setup application does not create unnecessary registry entries shortcut links or tray icons UniSettle 4 0 loads when you instruct it to and terminates when you exit 3 2 Server Installation A single copy of UniSettle 4 0 can be installed on a server and accessed by multiple users at the same time The number of users that can have simultaneous access to the application depends on the number of licences you have purchased As such our setup application must create and copy files into a local access folder such as c Users Username AppData LocalhUniSoft GS UniSettle4 and a public access folder such as c Users Public UniSoft GS UniSettle4 The exact location of these folders may be altered by the network administrator by modifying the contents of the UniSettle4 exe config file located in the root folder of the application Both the local and public access folders require full Read Write permission Warning Modifying the content of the configuration file should be conducted by an experienced network administrator with good knowledge of the target system It may also require the re activation of your licence Updating the software may also revert this file back to the application defaults 3 3 Example Files As part of the setup process you will have the option of installing a series of example files than may be used for educational purposes If you select this option the example files will be installed in the UniSettle 4 0
46. ations are also components but of different types www unisoftitd com Page 17 of 64 Uni Soft Ltd Geotechnical Solutions 4 2 Navigating UniSettle 4 0 In an effort to make the software more powerful and versatile the navigation between various input windows is now performed via the main data tree The data tree is a powerful tool as it allows the user to display and access a large number of items The data tree is also context sensitive a term meaning that the various menu options available at any given time might vary depending on the item currently selected The following image shows the data tree for a project having three soil layers two loads and a single excavation Selecting the second soil layers from the list i e Clay will display the input data specific to this clay layer Similarly selecting other items from the list will display the input data specific to each item Se UniSettle 4 0 File Data Site Analysis Results Administration Help GGG H G units fs 1 A i Gel Es Gg Alec BS Boussinesq C General Input Project EE of rm Settings General A E Soil Layers Name 3 Type Clay e Layer 2 Description r Label Pore Pressure Thickness m 10 00 Initial Pore Pressure Depth m 15 00 Final Pore Pressure Z Gens m tan 4 3 Data Menu The main Data menu is used to add delete copy paste move expand and collapse the various components of the data tree It is dire
47. ces User Preferences Engineer Name B Rogers Firm UniSoft Geotechnical Solutions Ltd Department Hl Environment Project Folder Group heading Variable name Input cell MSettle 44 Description ers Pierre Documegha Z Steps m Method Stress Distrib f bujand modulus number fon All Methods Gravity m s Gravity constant local gravitational field for converting mass to weight force Group heading The group heading is used to describe a related set of input data This heading is fixed and cannot be edited or changed As with the data tree group headings may be collapsed or expanded using the or signs located on the left Variable name The variable name is a short reference to the specific variable under consideration When selecting a row the specific variable and a short definition will appear at the bottom of the window The variable name is fixed and cannot be edited or changed Description The bottom of the window provides a short definition and relevant information regarding the variable under consideration This description is fixed and cannot be edited or changed Input cells Input cells are on the right side of each variable name There are 3 types of input cells regular drop down and button Once selected input cells behave differently depending on their type Navigation between input cells is performed using the mouse cursor or the keyboard s Up or Down ar
48. clarifiers Of course one task for the foundation design is determine if the building and the tower will require pile foundations It is not for theist tutorial to make suggestions for design only to show what and how key settlement values can be developed to assist the design process However already before performing any calculations 1t would appear necessary to place the building and tower on piled foundations A question is how deep must the piles be installed to ensure that settlements will be no more than say an inch UniSettle can provide an immediate answer if the foundation depth of the building and the tower in turn is changed from the 4 feet assigned in the file to the depth of the equivalent footing When details of the pile groups and loads have been decided the UniPile program will be indispensable for this purpose UniSettle can perform the necessary settlement calculations with full control of the contributory effects of the adjacent fill and structures Page 15 20 An additional task for the foundation design 1s determine 1f the clarifiers can be placed on grade or not The UniSettle calculation returns all necessary values of total and differential settlements for the center and edge of the clarifiers that the design engineer needs to consider together with the structural conditions and pipeline connections etc Further calculation results of this case are not presented here The file Ex08 stl contains all the input and th
49. com O 2011 UniSoft Geotechnical Solutions Ltd All rights reserved December 2013 BACKGROUND AND EXAMPLES Tu UniSettie 4 0 Fie Dala Ste Analysis Results Adminstration Hel Slug dd mms z z c G S s Sasi e aam CE GE base zl esting center 36 58 34 29 E General Input Site Pian at Final Condition wl Layer Compression Chart xj heq BADIA fr aie Be ar Y fcomoresson 1 1 o Effective Stresses Boussinesq at Tower center 51 82 46 48 Layer Compression Boussinesq at Building center 36 58 34 29 Com i Stress kPa Organic si Karin aiser aa i 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 kacht oik 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 70 800 900 y g Clay crust Soft clay An Silty day Loads Old road init Compact sand Did road Remove New road Organic silt Building Tower Sandy silt 1Cla Caty 2 Clarifier Silty sand era 9 immeciate GB Consclideton MN Secondary Time Related Settlement Boussinesq All Layers at 80 00 20 00 1200 1000 E 800 S o 600 o 2 a econs E 400 Immedate Comp Modulus Number m 400 0 o jirgin Modulus Number m 20 0 200 Recompresson Modulus Number m 150 0 Consolidation and Creep Drainage Path Hdr Double 0 Coefficient of Consolidation cy m s x10 10 000 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 Linioading Consolidation Factor cv 1 00 Time years Time at 90 Consolidation tso years 4 55 4 Total Stress T1 Pore Pressure T1
50. ctly related to the context sensitive feature of the data tree In other words the options presented under the main Data menu are dynamic and will change according to the data tree item selected This also means that the Data menu may be accessed directly by clicking the right mouse button on a selected data tree item The following sample image shows the list of options under the main Data menu when the Clay soil layer is selected Many of the options presented under the main Data menu are also available as buttons on the secondary toolbar The role of each feature is explained below www urilsottltda corn Page 18 of 64 Uni Soft Ltd Geotechnical Solutions UniSettle 4 0 nd Data ite Genfral Input Pec lcacetfe El Loads Building step Building step Building step Building step Excavations E Analysis Mesh Points Depth Points Initial Conditia Im ll B gt Analysis Results Administration Help Units Customary US dn A es GE ES Boussinesq Project Information SC View Edit Soil Layer IE LA Eb T 1 Collapse All Soil Layer CLAY El General Name Type Description ss ft Previous o Next ft Add New Soil Layer SE Delete Soil Layer l Sa t d Ratio eg Copy Soil Layer sibility Paste Soil Layer ponse Move Up olidationParameter Move Down isolidation Ratio OCR Expand All
51. d only one point could be calculated at a time The plan view below shows the loaded area placed on the Newmark s chart with Point O at the center of the circles A hand calculation documented by Holtz and Kovacs 1981 gives the results that the stress at Point O is 40 KPa AD 18 00 72 00 102 00 72 00 PTA Re x lt A SF 18 00 32 00 42 00 32 00 102 00 32 00 o x EE Point O A 8 Q Se 2 N p 42 00 2 00 102 00 2 00 Influence value of block 0 02 Oe lo Original plan view and plan produced by UniSettle with Point O at coordinates x 2 m y 12m In entering the building geometry to UniSettle the L shaped footprint of the building 1s divided into two rectangles Area 1 and Area 2 each with 1ts geometry defined by the breadth and with and either location of the center or of each corner plus the applied stress 250 KPa Choosing the output Results Effective Stresses or clicking on the button a table appears showing the vertical stresses calculated for Point O coordinates The column Final Effective Stress shows the value at 80 m depth to be 40 6 KPa which 1s also the value given in Holtz and Kovacs 1981 If the soil profile has been entered with soil density input the table includes the effect of the soil stress Then to see only the value of the applied stress the display option is to select Total Stresses instead and indicate the load area desired
52. ds or excavations Add X Y to Mesh UniSettle calculates the effective stresses and settlement at X Y coordinates referred to as Mesh Points When Yes is selected the coordinates required to describe the geometry of the shape under consideration will be www ur sottltd corn Page 58 of 64 Uni Soft Ltd Geotechnical Solutions automatically added to the array of mesh points and will be incorporated into the analysis Mesh points are discussed in Section 13 0 Mesh Points 12 2 Integration Steps The stress distribution equations from Boussinesq or Westergaard are straightforward for simple shapes such as a single point or a rectangular load For more complicated shapes UniSettle applies the same principles by integrating the shapes into a series of smaller rectangular areas Load Mew Road Integration Steps Along X Axis nAX 10 Along Y Axis nAY 10 This section of the input window is used to dictate the size of the integration rectangles used for each shape Selecting the correct integration steps is a compromise between speed and precision Along X Axis nAX Defines the number of integration steps along i e parallel to to the X Axis Along Y Axis nAY Defines the number of integration steps along i e parallel to the Y Axis Along Length Axis nAL For line loads only Defines the number of integration steps along i e parallel to the length of a line load 12 3 Geometry The entries available under
53. e User can phrase the relevant settlement questions and practice computing the answers Example 6 is intended for a comparison between stresses calculated using all three methods Boussinesq Westergaard and 2 1 for determining the stress distribution as applied to the center the corner and the characteristic point below a square 3 0 m footing loaded by a uniform stress of 100 KPa and placed on the surface of a soil of zero density File stl Ex06 stl contains the input data of the example The three diagrams below shows the stresses below the center of the footing the characteristic point and the corner of the square footing The stress scale is in percent of the applied stress and the depth scale is depth in footing diameter It is interesting to see that the distributions according to the Boussinesq and 2 1 methods agree quite well below the characteristic point STRESS STRESS STRESS 0 20 40 60 80 100 40 60 Boussinesq Boussinesq r2 r2 ha he E S s s s I I E E D D LLI LLI a a DEPTH diameters W CHARACTERISTIC POINT CORNER CENTER The figure below shows settlement with depth calculated for Boussinesq distribution for the footing center characteristic point and corner assuming a uniform soil and with the settlement scale as a ratio to the settlement calculated at the center of the footing Of interest here 1s that the settlement at the charac
54. e of unloading about half the fill height had been lost into the ground This will of course have reduced the total height of the fill and to model this would have required input of an ongoing unloading of the imposed stress The unloading at 24 months indicated in the original figure to be from 3 8 m height down to 2 8 m height would not have been by 1 8 m 40 KPa but by about 0 6 m in the actual case The below figure shows the original figure with an overlay of the calculation results Wick Drains Installed _ sp sand Blanket gett Een Se SE 2nd Stage 8D Sand Drainage f _ISF Surcharge Fill SE lst Stage FINAL HEIGHT 200 da S l e e OF FILL E I m T LL AVERAGE MEASURED Calculated Total Settlements SETTLEMENT mm SURCHARGE 75 KPa Effort was made to use essentially the same input used for Examples Ex 7 and Ex 8 Again note that a similarly good fit can be achieved with other input values although the chosen values are considered realistic and in general agreement with the values published by Moh and Lin 2006 and Sheah 2006 The data do not go beyond the removal of the extra surcharge on 24 months after the start The next figure shows the UniSettle calculated settlements versus time Page 19 20 Time Related Settlement Boussinesq All Layers at 0 00 0 00 Time years Dm o o CO o C O un Ww w i
55. e view of the site under consideration is produced by accessing the main Site Plan menu In addition the site plan may be printed or exported to a bitmap file Additional information can be found in Section 5 14 Print Data and Results and Section 6 4 Export Site Plan to Bitmap Site Plan at Final Condition h QQ F F D R final e New Building Existing Church www ur sottltd corn Page 30 of 64 Uni Soft Ltd Geotechnical Solutions The site plan window has its own toolbar displaying a series of options used to customize the viewport Some of these options are used to modify the behavior of the cursor or to change the scale and the extent of the drawing while others are used to customize the contents of the drawing These options are described and discussed below Site Plan at Final Condition R 032 44 D Fina wl PN Redraw Time period site plan options Full height Full width Full view Area zoom Mouse zoom Pan image Default cursor Default cursor Many of the options associated with the site plan will change the way the cursor reacts when moved over the image Use this button to return the cursor back to its default state and reset other features Pan image Panning in computer terms enables you to move the image both horizontally and vertically by holding down the left mouse button Panning is equivalent to moving the image using the vertical and horizontal scroll bars located at the righ
56. ea 3 is stress from the water inside the tank which has a radius of 18 ft and a uniform stress of 2 0 ksf The stresses at the 20 ft depth calculated for A and B are 1 37 ksf and 0 84 ksf respectively E Fill extending over large area around tank 20 Foundation width 4 The example is interesting because pertains to a realistic case and tempts to several what if studies and it indicates a simple approach to calculate stress distributions and settlements for ring foundations So what if the base of the tank would not flexible but stiff so that all the tank loads go to the ring foundation no surcharge is placed under the tank What then about the stresses at A and B Well the weight of water in the tank will cause a uniform stress of 4 ksf on the 4 ft wide tank ring footing in addition to the stress from the weight of the tank and surcharge The surcharge is also under the tank bottom The calculated stresses at 20 ft depth below the center and the ring are now 0 63 ksf and 0 85 ksf Obviously not much of a change under the ring it would seem An input of reasonable soil density groundwater table and compressibility indicates that the difference in calculated settlement is mostly found in the upper 10 tO 12 ft At 20 ft depth and below the settlement below the ring as well as below the tank center are almost the same Page 14 20 Example 5 is an example is taken from the real world A sewage treatment plant or part
57. ect the method s used during the analysis Selecting more than one method will proportionally increase the time necessary to perform the calculations The default for this input is All Methods It can be modified via the User Preferences option located under the main Administration menu Limit Secondary Settlement Dictates if the calculations of the cumulative secondary compression will be limited to the consolidation values In theory the secondary compression is infinite and does not relate to the change of effective stress This option allows you to turn this feature On Off www urilsottlta corn Page 49 of 64 Uni Soft Ltd Geotechnical Solutions 10 SOIL LAYERS Use this input form to specify the various soil properties and parameters used throughout the analysis The values specified in this window apply to the soil layer under consideration at the time i e selected from the data tree 10 1 General Soil Layer Soft Clay General Name Soft Clay Type Clay Description Unweathered Label Soft to medium soft Thickness m 11 70 Depth m 12 00 Z Steps m 1 00 Layer Interpolation Use layer average values Density kg m 1 500 Initial Void Ratio en 2 270 Name Use to specify a name for the soil layer under consideration We suggest keeping this name short as it is used in the data tree and the many results wndows and combo boxes Type Defines the type of soil You can select from a pre determined list or
58. ee the method used to specify loads and excavations is similar 12 1 General The entries located under this heading refer to the load and excavation under consideration Load New Road General Name New Road Description Time t month 1 0 Status Enable Shape Polygon Add Xx to Mesh No Name Use this entry to specify a name for the load or excavation under consideration We suggest keeping this name short as it is used in the data tree and the various results windows and combo boxes Description Use this to enter the description of your choice This entry has no effect on the remainder of the results and is provided for information only Time t Defines the time at which this load or excavation applies Status Use this entry to temporarily disable a load or excavation from your analysis Disabled loads and excavations will appear on the site plan as a grey color rather than blue load or red excavations Shape Use this entry to select the geometric shape of the load or excavation under consideration Available loads are Point Line Rectangle Triangle Circle Polygon Embankment symmetrical or half and Entire site Available excavations are Rectangle Triangle Circle Polygon and Entire site Tip Point loads are the fastest way to model small footings Line loads are the fastest way to model long and narrow footings and or roads Rectangular shapes are the most efficient way to model large loa
59. ent This result is a compilation of the total settlement for two selected points and for a specific analysis method The values displayed in the table represent the long term settlement i e t100 The following image displays the differential settlement between 5 00 10 00 and 15 00 20 00 5 Results Administration Help ee go es S aZ 12 H _ Boussinesq A 5 00 10 00 15 00 20 00 Differential EEGEN Layer 1 Soil anbu j 0 0 00 4 398 15 15 1 503 6 03 3 096 7 10 4 00 2 161 8 73 0 661 4 73 1 480 4 00 8 00 1 374 5 57 0 535 4 05 0 839 2 52 12 00 0 956 3 20 0 441 3 52 0 515 1 68 3 16 00 0 705 4 24 0 371 3 07 0 334 1 17 J www unisoftitd com Page 36 of 64 Uni Soft Ltd Geotechnical Solutions 5 11 6 Settlement Comparison The settlement comparison is a compilation of the long term settlement at a specific point If specified as part of the analysis the settlement will be calculated as per Boussinesq Westergaard and 2 1 distribution 5 11 7 Layer Compression Displays the immediate consolidation and secondary compression on a layer per layer basis at a specific point and for a specific method The values displayed in the table represent the long term settlement i e too 5 11 8 Time Related Settlement Displays the immediate consolidation and secondary compression as a function of time at a specific point The time related settlement uses a combination of both c and c
60. ent for more information pertaining to user preferences 5 2 Using the Demo Examples As part of the setup process you had the option of installing a series of example files that may be used for educational purposes If you elected to do this these example files were installed in the UniSettle 4 0 Example Files folder created under the current user document folder If the application was installed on a server the network administrator may need to move these files manually to provide you with access The examples provided with the application were designed to cover a large range of conditions Note that if you are using a Demo version you will not be able to save and will be limited with what you can change Nonetheless the example files are a great tool which will assist you in learning the various features of the software as well as many geotechnical concepts If the example files were not installed as part of the original setup you can obtain them by visiting the download section of our website at www unisoftltd com www unisoftitd com Page 24 of 64 Uni Soft Ltd Geotechnical Solutions 5 3 Open Project To open a new project residing on your computer or server access the Open Project command located under the main File menu Site Analysis New Project Ctrl N Open Project Recent Projects Save Ctri Save As Import Export Page Setup Print User Preferences Ctrl P Exit
61. er 5 Organic silt Janbu j 0 70 00 5 037 2 26 1 62 80 00 5 507 1 93 1 17 90 00 5 991 1 63 0 83 100 00 6 485 133 0 57 Layer 6 Sandy silt Janbu j 0 5 100 00 6 485 133 0 57 114 00 7 353 1 10 0 46 128 00 8 227 0 89 0 35 142 00 9 104 0 68 0 26 156 00 9 983 0 47 0 18 170 00 10 864 0 28 0 10 Layer 7 Silty sand Janbuj 0 5 170 00 10 864 0 28 0 10 185 00 11 961 0 14 0 05 200 00 13 060 0 00 0 00 EE Total Settlement Boussinesq at 1 Center 120 00 250 00 Settlement in 15 20 25 Immediate Consolidation f g Secondary 8 Total Settlement Distribution B Z 4 lt s S TRS Es sls Ll gt Var Feel Sergkemer agzbkerg BA iere ai Center 110 0 woe CENECELEE EEE LLL YE kung ef Zb iemestie 2 O e Settlement with time Page 6 20 Example 1 In illustrating Boussinesq stress distribution Holtz and Kovacs 1981 borrowed and converted to Sl units an example by Newmark 1942 An L shaped area is loaded by a uniform stress of 250 KPa The area 1s shown below with the dimensions indicated by x and y coordinates The text book assignment Holtz and Kovacs Example 8 22 is to calculate the stress induced at a point located 80 metre below Point O coordinates x 2 m y 12 m a point well outside the loaded area Back then the effort necessitated using Newmark s influence chart an
62. er the General heading of the soil layer window is also a drop down input cell It permits you to enter your own content Soil Layer Layer 2 E General Name Type Description Label Soft Clay Thickness m Firm Clay Depth m Stiff Clay Z Steps m Rock Layer Interpolation Density kg m Initial Void Ratio en Button input cell When it has the focus a button input cell is recognized by the ellipsis button located on the right side of the cell When activated this feature will provide a new input window allowing you to complete the editing This type of cell may be edited by pressing the keyboard s F2 key or by clicking the left mouse button on the ellipsies button www unisoftitd com Page 22 of 64 Uni Soft Ltd Geotechnical Solutions User Preferences Engineer Name B Rogers Firm UniSoft Geotechnical Solutions Ltd Department Environment Project Folder C xData UniSettle4 Display Units SI Sr Numerical Format 1 234 567 89 Other Input Gravity m s 9 81 Z Steps m 0 00 Method Janbujand mod k Users Stress Distribution All Methods gt J Windows 4 k xData 1 UniSetl3 Lo UniSettled Le UniSoill k xProject b A z5etup Project Folder Default data folder for all new projects The Project Folder input located in the User Preferences window is an example of a button input cell When selected it will display
63. er the description of your choice This entry has no effect on the remainder of the results and is provided for information only Time t Defines the time at which the pore pressure profile under consideration applies By default at least one pore pressure profile must exist at initial condition t 0 This entry can be modified only for additional pore pressure profiles Profile Type Use this entry to specify the type of pore profile Options are Hydrostatic and Non Hydrostatic The type of pore profile selected dictates the availability of other entries 11 2 Hydrostatic Profile The entry located under this heading apply only when hydrostatic conditions are specified Pore Pressure Initial Pore Pressure Hydrostatic Profile G W T Depth m 0 00 www unisoftitd com Page 56 of 64 Uni Soft Ltd Geotechnical Solutions G W T Depth Depth of ground water table under hydrostatic conditions This depth is measured from the ground surface at initial condition i e top of the first specified soil layer A negative value would represent a lake type condition with the top of the first soil layer representing the bottom of the lake 11 3 Non Hydrostatic Profile The entries located under this heading are only applicable when non hydrostatic conditions are specified Add new depth above selected depth Add new depth below selected depth Delete selected depth sufe Initial Pore Pressure Non Hydrostatic Prof
64. essing the Export Site Plan option located under the main File menu Exporting the site plan is similar to saving a project file When selected you will be presented with an environment window giving you the option of browsing and saving your data using the filename and folder of your choice 6 5 Export Results to Excel The complete set of results currently in memory may be exported to an Excel xls file Exporting the results is similar to saving a project file When selected you will be presented with an environment window giving you the option to browse and save the results using the filename and folder of your choice The specific set of data exported is dictated by the conditions specified in the many result drop down boxes located in the secondary toolbar Tip Because the exported data is a combination of text and numbers Excel converts each cell using its General format If you plan to perform formatting or mathematical operations on some of the data you will have to manually convert the format from General to Number Depending on your version of Excel there are many ways to do this one of the simplest is to use the Paste Special feature of Excel as follows 1 In an empty cell enter the number 1 2 Select the cell From the main Edit menu select Copy 3 Select the range of cells to be converted 4 From the main Edit menu select Paste Special 5 Under Operation select Multiply 6 Click OK 6
65. f consolidation coefficient With these values as input and indicating double draining layers then about 90 of the consolidation is completed after a year However a one year duration of achieving a 90 degree of consolidation is optimistic Applying double drainage condition would mean that full drainage would occur at each clay layer boundary of the 4 to 7 m thick layers That is the layers would be assumed to drain into each other with no effect on the consolidation development At best the total 22 m soil thickness could be assumed double draining Page 10 20 This would mean that the consolidation time is not one year but about 22 4 longer i e 30 years To calculate the development over time of the consolidation because the upper and lower clay layer pairs are essentially equal each pair should be turned into a single layer which now would be single drained The assigned coefficients of consolidation now show that 90 degree of consolidation would require 12 and 15 years respectively for the two soil layers UniSettle calculates the settlement development over time over a hundred year duration The maximum consolidation settlement 1s in most cases reached long before hundred years UniSettle calculates also the development over time of the secondary compression The input required 1s the start of the consolidation which is the time for when the first change increase occurred in the effective stress distribution and the leng
66. ficients and divide the stress imposed by the building into components constructed at different times to model development of settlement with time For example one can model the sand settlement as immediate settlement with an immediate compression modulus E of 3 000 ksf which incorporates also the consolidation settlement of the sand For completeness an E of for the clay of 500 ksf is also input to the case file along with a consolidation coefficient cy is input as 6 x 10 mis for the clay to model the consolidation development of the clay The building stress is modeled as four steps dividing the 5 0 ksf applied stress into four 1 25 ksf steps applied one month apart The results of these calculations are included in the above diagram Page 13 20 Example 4 is Example 4 4 In Chapter 4 of Perloff and Baron 1976 and presents a 40 feet wide circular water tank on a ring foundation with fill placed outside the tank and with the tank bottom flexible and resting on the ground as illustrated below The assignment is to calculate Boussinesq stress at tank center Point A and at the ring at radius 20 ft Point B at a depth of 20 feet for both points The Input file shows the input of the stress from the surcharge and the tank as three overlapping areas Area 1 has a surcharge of 0 3 ksf all over site Area 2 1s the 4 ft wide ring foundation for the tank structure with inside and outside radii of 18 ft and 22 ft with a uniform stress of 1 0 ksf Ar
67. formed and reported The number of iterations required to complete the analysis is exponentially related to the total number of mesh points For example the number of iterations required to perform an analysis with 2 mesh points would take twice as long Four mesh points would take 16 times longer Twelve mesh points would take 144 times longer 13 1 Mesh Point Array Use the entries under this heading to define an array of mesh points X1 Y1 X2 Y2 Coordinates Define the X and Y boundaries used in the calculation of an array of points These coordinates are used in conjunction with the X and Y steps X Y Steps Define the distance between the mesh points in the array The following image represents a mesh point array that would be created from the above input It would create 15 equally spaced mesh points m m a Sei m Mesh Points 0 100 25 100 50 100 75 100 100 100 FA Mesh Points Array 1 Coordinate ft 0 00 m m Yi Coordinate ft 0 00 050 2550 5050 75 50 100 50 x2 Coordinate ft 100 00 Y2 Coordinate ft 100 00 X Steps ft 25 0 Steps ft 50 0 m m m m E 0 0 25 0 50 0 75 0 100 0 13 2 Additional Points Additional mesh points are defined by entering their X Y coordinates Additional points are added or deleted using the action buttons located at the top of the window www unisoftitd com Page 61 of 64 Uni Soft Ltd Geotechnical Solutions Y ft 1 5 00
68. he performance and precision of the results it is important to use engineering judgment when selecting integration steps For obvious reasons smaller integration steps just below an applied load will be more beneficial than smaller integration steps deep below the load Layer Interpolation By default the soil properties and parameters are usually considered to be an average over the entire thickness of the layer When selecting Interpolate between top and bottom the user will be required to specify the properties at the top and the bottom of the layer under consideration When performing the calculations the properties specific to a particular depth will be interpolated accordingly Density Defines the soil density for the layer under consideration The soil density is used in the calculation of the total stresses Initial Void Ratio eo Use this entry to specify the initial void ratio of the layer under consideration The initial void ratio is used in many aspects of the consolidation 10 2 Compressibility The entries located under this heading refer to the layer compressibility properties and parameters Some of the entries described in this section may or may not be visible depending on the options selected Soil Layer Soft Clay Compressibility Method Conventional E e0 Cc Cr SoilResponse Non Linear PreconsolidationParameter Useoverconsolidationratio OCR Overconsolidation Ratio OCR 1 05 Immediate Comp Modulus Ej
69. his input is only available when the preconsolidation using the preconsolidation margin Ao is selected Immediate Comp Modulus Number m Use this entry to specify the immediate compression modulus number for the layer under consideration Setting this value to 0 will disregard immediate compression This input is only available when the Janbu modulus method was selected previously Immediate Recomp Modulus Number m Use this entry to specify the immediate recompression modulus number for the layer under consideration This input is only available when the Janbu modulus method was selected previously Virgin Modulus Number m Defines the Janbu virgin modulus number for the layer under consideration Setting this value to 0 will disregard primary consolidation This input is only available when the Janbu modulus method was selected previously Recompression Modulus Number m Defines the Janbu recompression virgin modulus number for the layer under consideration This input is only available when the Janbu modulus method was selected previously Immediate Comp Modulus E Defines the immediate compression elastic modulus for the layer under consideration Setting this value to 0 will disregard immediate compression This input is only available when the conventional method was selected previously Immediate Recomp Modulus E Defines the immediate recompression elastic modulus for the layer under consideration This input is only avai
70. ile Depth m Height m Pressure kPa 1 00 0 00 0 0 12 00 10 00 98 1 Ao pp 15 00 8 00 78 3 21 00 2 00 Non hydrostatic pore pressures are defined by a series of depths and equivalent heights of water or pressure Series can be added or deleted using the action buttons located at the top of the pore pressure window Important Action buttons are only enabled when the focus is on a specific series Depth Depth at which the specific pore pressure applies To model a lake effect specify a negative height of water or pressure at a depth of 0 Height The applicable pore pressure at the specified depth expressed in height of water The pressure is directly related to the height of water via the water density specified in the Settings window Changing one will update the other Changing the water density will update the pressure while respecting the height of water Pressure Pore pressure expressed in pressure units The height of water is directly related to the pressure via the water density specified in the Settings window Changing one will update the other Changing the water density from the general settings will update the pressure accordingly www unisoftitd com Page 57 of 64 Uni Soft Ltd Geotechnical Solutions 12 LOADS AND EXCAVATIONS A user can add multiple loads and excavations applicable at different times during the project Although loads and excavations are listed separately inside the data tr
71. ill be asked to specify a valid e mail address where we will send your permanent activation code www unisoftltd cortrn Page 12 of 64 Uni Soft Ltd Geotechnical Solutions Activation Code Request Important Our activation codes are unique to a specific setup and system If our product was installed on a server a single activation code should be adequate IF multiple instances of the software was installed multiple activation codes will be required Se al User Name 50 max Company Name 75 mac Street Address City State Country E mail Address Request us Your activation code request will be saved as a text file on your computer desktop You are responsible to forward this file and its contents to us by e mail Unless we receive the file we cannot issue an activation code Please allow at least 72 hours for us to receive and process your request 3 5 4 Server vs Desktop Activation If you require multiple licences you will be asked to specify the type of licences at the time of purchase If the software is installed on a public server a single serial number and activation code will be issued If your licences are meant to be distributed over multiple computers then multiple serial numbers and activation codes will be issued Please do not hesitate to contact us to discuss your specific needs Our licensing is designed to be flexible and to respond to our users changing needs 3 6 Upgrading
72. increases the time required to perform an analysis Mesh points are discussed in Section 13 0 5 8 Viewing Design Data Also new to UniSettle 4 0 is the way in which design data are accessed and presented No longer are they hidden under a series of menus All input windows relating to your current project are listed in the data tree located on the left side of the interface For example to view the input window for the Initial Pore Pressure simply click the related entry from the data tree Page 29 of 64 Unww unisoftitd com Uni Soft Ltd Geotechnical Solutions File Data Ste Analysis Results Administration Help al G l a m ae e g i a A jes GE HE E General Input Se Cl Pore Pressure Set Leet Project Information settings E Soil Layers E General pares Name Initial Pore Pressure Layer 2 Description ss sss Time t month Initial Initial Pare Pressure s Final Pore Pressure Hydrostatic Profile E Loads G W T Depth m 0 00 Existing Church New Building E Excavations Garage E Analysis The data tree combined with the Data menu provide an efficient way to navigate edit add and delete input data Refer to Section 4 0 Using UniSettle for more information regarding various features of the data tree 5 9 View Site Plan When dealing with multiple coordinates even small mistakes can result in the most severe consequences In order to assist the engineer a bird s ey
73. is discussed in Section 3 6 Upgrading 7 3 Activate Use this option to activate your copy of UniSettle after purchase or after re installation Activation is discussed in Section 3 5 Activation www unisoftltd corrn Page 45 of 64 Uni Soft Ltd Geotechnical Solutions PART Il This section of the manual provides a detailed description of the input variables used throughout the software Some of the entries may not be available or visible to your specific interface as many are dependent on the version you are running 8 0 PROJECT INFORMATION The project information input window lists the general entries relating to the project under consideration The information entered on this form generally has no effect on the results of an analysis Project Information Project Number Example 4 Description Soil Mechs Principles and Applications Date Address E Client Name User Contact wenw unisoltltd com Address Engineer Name P G Firm UniSoft Ltd Department Development El Custom Perloff and Baron Chapter 4 Section 4 5 Example 4 4 Hame Name of current project This name will appear on all printouts 8 1 Project Use this section of the form to specify general information relating to the project under consideration The entries listed under this subject are also displayed in the Recent Projects window located under the main File menu Furthermore the Name input is also displayed on the interface stat
74. l our product you must have all administrative privileges Our setup application creates new folders and copies the required files As a result you may be required to temporarily disable portions of your firewall Depending on your system settings you may be asked to confirm that you trusting the application The setup application is straightforward You will be asked to provide a destination directory and details regarding the creation of shortcuts on your start menu and desktop Our setup application will then proceed to automatically install and register all the necessary components It will also create a series of related links These include shortcuts to the main application documentation and our removal software KKK UniSoft GS Ltd Li UniSettle 4 0 Background Manual pdf gal Check for New Update gal Uninstall UniSettle 4 0 UniSettle 4 0 E User Manual pdf A stele III www unisoftitd com Page 8 of 64 Uni Soft Ltd Geotechnical Solutions Once installation is complete you may revert back to a standard account with limited privileges However due to Microsoft Windows limitations you will not be able to use UniSettle 4 0 in the Guest account mode Unless the application was previously installed and permanently activated UniSettle 4 0 will install as a demo version Please refer to Section 3 5 Activation for procedures to unlock your product UniSoft Ltd believes that software should not be intrusive In th
75. lable when the conventional method was selected previously www unisoftitd com Page 52 of 64 Uni Soft Ltd Geotechnical Solutions Compression Index C Defines the compression index for the layer under consideration Setting this value to 0 will disregard consolidation This input is only available when the conventional method with a non linear soil response was selected previously Recompression Index C Defines the recompression index for the layer under consideration This input is only available only when the conventional method with a non linear soil response was selected previously Compression Modulus E Defines the compression elastic modulus for the layer under consideration Setting this value to 0 will disregard consolidation This input is only available when the conventional method with a linear soil response was selected previously Recompression Modulus E Defines the recompression elastic modulus for the layer under consideration This input is only available when the conventional method with a linear soil response was selected previously 10 3 Secondary Compression The entries located under this heading refer to the soil layer secondary compression properties and parameters Soil Layer Soft Clay Seconday Compression Secondary Compression Index Ca 0 01000 Start of Consolidation ti years 0 50 Duration of Consolidation top years 1 00 Report Period tr years 10 00 Secondary Compression I
76. le options are Vertical Horizontal Combined and Immediate Horizontal drainage is calculated using the vertical drain properties specified in the Settings input window When selecting Combined both the effects of vertical and horizontal drainage will be used in the computations Important The drainage properties are context sensitive and their availability varies depending on the type of drainage selected Drainage Path Hg Use this entry to specify the vertical drainage path Options are Single or Double Coefficient of Consolidation c Defines the vertical coefficient of consolidation for the soil layer under consideration This value is directly related to the time required to achieve 90 of the primary consolidation tao from vertical drainage alone Changing one will update the other accordingly Time to 90 Consolidation Le Time required to achieve 90 of primary consolidation from vertical drainage only using T 0 848 This value is directly related to the vertical coefficient of consolidation cy Changing one will update the other accordingly Unloading Consolidation Factor Cv Multiplication factor applicable to vertical coefficient of consolidation during unloading Coefficient of Consolidation Cn Horizontal coefficient of consolidation for the soil layer under consideration This value is directly related to the time required to achieve 90 fen of the primary consolidation from horizontal drainage alone Changing o
77. lidation margin Ao Preconsolidation Margin Ao ksf 0 100 Immediate Comp Modulus Number mi 300 0 Virgin Modulus Number m 16 0 Sandy silt Recompression Modulus Number mr 120 0 Consolidation and Creep Drainage Path Hdr Double Coefficient of Consolidation cv m s x10 4 000 Unloading Consolidation Factor cvr Time at 90 Consolidation too years Secondary Compression Index Co Time After End of Consolidation to years Silty sand HE Immediate MW Consolidation MW Secondary Project Old UniSettle 3 0 Example Ex5 Multi structures OLD Ex 8 Demo Unisettle4 PROFESSIONAL 4 0 0 8 UniSettle has several options which are selected by the button on the menu bar as indicated below HO 0 0 G amp S dS amp AEVE Show Site Calculate Display Stresses Display Settlements Display Settlements Show Graph Plan Total stress Total with depth Per layer of active Effective stress Differential With time table Stress comparison Comparison In an actual design calculation the most frequently activated buttons are probably the button for display of total settlement distribution with depth S and the button for display of settlement with time L The following two screen captures demonstrate how these options appear Note that both options include all settlement types 1 e immediate consolidation and secondary compression If you desire only one of these place a 0 at the other respective parameters c
78. mpanion paper Sheah 2006 provides additional information notably values of soil compressibility The following figure is Fig 6 in the first paper slightly spriced up with colors and shows the total settlement measured during about 120 days after the full embankment had been placed CONSOLIDATION SETTLEMENT B ob K E a Ba E P IMMEDIATE SETTLEMENT Ho AA O o esa SETTLEMENT MEASURED TOTAL DESIGN CURVE SETTLEMENT Settlements mm 100 120 TIME days Original figure Fig 6 showing the test embankment File EX07 Bangkok Example Fig 6 Unisettle4 includes the input information on the soil and pore pressure as well as the embankment loading in the form of 10 load areas placed during the first 60 days of the study Only minor changes to the information in the papers was needed to achieve a fit between the settlement calculated by UniSettle and that shown in the above figure A major variable and unknown 1s the time for primary consolidation actually 90 of primary consolidation A value of 20 years was assumed The below figure has the same data as the above but 1s redrawn and with the new curves calculated by UniSettle added in light blue color Construction Period E Full Height 3 0 m HEIGHT m Total Settlement Design Curve Measured Total Settlement 120 TIME Days lt Lu Lu ma E E Lu YN Immediate settlement and primary c
79. n You may also be required to disable some of your firewall settings Please contact your network administrator for details www ur sottltd corm Page 14 of 64 Uni Soft Ltd Geotechnical Solutions 4 0 USING UNISETTLE We hope that UniSettle 4 0 is an application that is intuitive for most engineers This section provides a quick overview of what you need to know before beginning 4 1 Definitions Computer and software terms are no different than geotechnical terms Learning and using the correct ones on a consistent basis should help you learn to use our products faster The following definitions are used throughout this manual Interface The interface is the means of communication between the user and the software Itis the sum of all the visible parts of the software The image below represents UniSettle 4 0 s interface It includes the main menu buttons and windows File Data Ste Analysis Results Administration Help al td 3 Units sI ies Es le ES Boussinesq E General Input e Project Information Soil Layer Soil Layer 1 Settings Compressibility EI Soil Layers Method Janbu j and modulus number Soil Layer 1 Stress Exponent j 0 0 Peat clay and silt E Pore Pressure PreconsolidationParameter Use preconsolidation margin Ac Initial Pore Pressure Preconsolidation Margin Ac kPa 0 0 Loads Immediate Comp Modulus Number mi 0 0 vee nee Immediate Recomp Modulus Number mir 0 0 Virgin Modulus Number
80. n of the new building One could also go a step further by modeling the construction of the new building over multiple stages i e time periods 5 7 Introducing Mesh Points In previous versions of UniSettle stresses and settlements could only be calculated at two points i e X Y Coordinates along the depth of the soil profile i e Z depth The stresses and settlements at other points were obtained by performing the same analysis after entering the new set of points In UniSettle 4 0 multiple points can now be specified as a mesh or individually by accessing the Mesh Points window located under Analysis data www unisoftitd com Page 28 of 64 Uni Soft Ltd Geotechnical Solutions File Data Ste Analysis Results Administration Bl G ld S ju a E O AA E General Input Project Information settings E Soil Layers Layer 1 Layer 2 Layer 3 El Pore Pressure Initial Pore Pressure Final Pore Pressure El Loads Existing Church New Building E Excavations Garage Mesh Points Dept FOINLS ES R IE Boussinesq Kl Coordinate m Y1 Coordinate m x2 Coordinate m Y2 Coordinate m X Steps m Y Steps m Additional Points x m 4 00 6 00 Mesh Points Array Use to define an array of mesh points where stresses and settlement will be calculated Help 100 00 100 00 25 00 50 00 Y m 4 00 6 00 Status Enable Enable Adding X Y Mesh points is simple but exponentially
81. ndex C Defines the secondary compression index for the soil layer under consideration Setting this value to O will disregard secondary consolidation Start of Consolidation t Use this entry to define the expected start of consolidation used in the calculation of secondary compression Duration of Consolidation too Duration of consolidation used in the calculation of secondary compression Report Period t Defines the time at which secondary compression is reported in the Total Settlement table In theory secondary compression continues indefinitely and would otherwise skew the reported total settlement www unisoftitd com Page 53 of 64 Uni Soft Ltd Geotechnical Solutions 10 4 Drainage The entries located under this heading refer to the soil layer drainage properties and parameters These properties are used in the calculation of settlement vs time Calculation of settlement vs time is only available in the Professional version of UniSettle 4 0 Soil Layer Soft Clay Drainage Drainage Type Combined Drainage Path Hdr Double Coefficient of Consolidation cy m s x10 9 202 Time to 90 Consolidation tyoo years 10 00 Unloading Consolidation Factor cur 1 00 Coefficient of Consolidation ch m s x10 0 555 Time to 90 Consolidation Den years 1 00 Unloading Consolidation Factor chr 1 00 Drainage Type Use this option to select the type of drainage applicable to the soil layer under consideration Availab
82. ne will update the other accordingly Horizontal drainage is calculated using the vertical drain properties specified in the Settings input window www ur sottltd corn Page 54 of 64 Uni Soft Ltd Geotechnical Solutions Time to 90 Consolidation bon Time required to achieve 90 of primary consolidation from horizontal drainage This value is directly related to the horizontal coefficient of consolidation ch Changing one will update the other accordingly Unloading Consolidation Factor cr Multiplication factor applicable to horizontal coefficient of consolidation during unloading www unisoftitd com Page 55 of 64 Uni Soft Ltd Geotechnical Solutions 11 PORE PRESSURE Use this input window to specify the various pore pressure profiles used during the analysis The values specified in this window apply to the pore pressure profile under consideration at the time i e selected from the data tree 11 1 General The entries located under this heading refer to the pore pressure profile in general Pore Pressure Initial Pore Pressure General Name Initial Pore Pressure escription Time t month Initial Profile Type Hydrostatic Hydrostatic Profile G W T Depth m 0 00 Name Use this entry to specify a name for the pore pressure profile under consideration We suggest keeping this name short as it is used in the data tree and the various results windows and combo boxes Description Use this entry to ent
83. nted with a results table displaying the total compression of each soil layer Other results may be displayed by accessing the main Results menu www unisoftitd com Page 33 of 64 Uni Soft Ltd Geotechnical Solutions Sad LUinibettle d U File Data Sie Analysis Administration al ES 3 a E Units G Effective Stresses wa En ES E Ss Es A d Total Stresses Stress Comparison Help AS SAS VE E General Input pu Project Information Total Settlement Settings Differential Settlement El Soi Layers Settlement Comparison ninio Layer 1 T Layer 2 Layer Compression lasa Layer 3 Time Related Settlement Pore Pressure Chart Results porno Initial Pore Pressure Additionally the secondary toolbar is updated with a series of drop down boxes meant to display other sets of results applying to the same topic The image presented above displays the options available when the effective stresses are called to the top It shows the effective stresses calculated according to Boussinesa at point 0 00 0 00 at initial condition and at 6 months Use the drop down boxes to change the set of results on the fly Administration Help JAO c G S s 5 1343 H 5 use omo bei ba Es yy Initial Condition Pressure Stress Pressure Layer 1 Layer 1 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0
84. of one will be built In a low lying area where the depth to bedrock is 170 feet As indicated in the soil profile below the soils consist of 3 ft of clay crust on a 22 ft of soft clay and 27 ft of silty clay Hereunder the soils consist of 18 ft of compact sand on 30 ft of soft silt Below the silt at a depth of 100 ft the soils consist of 70 ft of sandy silt on 30 ft of silty sand on bedrock A slight preconsolidation condition is present for all soil layers The UniSettle file stl Ex5 Unisettle4 contains the details of the soil The initial groundwater table is hydrostatic from the ground surface It will be lowered by three feet which lowering will affect the soft clay layer within the first six months and take 3 years to work itself though the entire soil profile with the final distribution again hydrostatic An old existing old road across the site will be removed and replaced with a new road during the first month after start The entire area will be raised about 3 to 4 ft The structures to build are an administration building and an office tower constructed over 6 months after start Twenty four months after start two clarifiers will be constructed For details see the example file 3 MTT CLAY CRUST nT SOFT CLAY SILTY CLAY 1 Clarifier SAND SOFT SILT AS a Pee eg SANDY SILT 4 D NNN dr AA aji W pata a Ws ae tit I dei Q N Soil Profile Site plan Old and New Roads tower building and
85. of the file to the data currently in memory The data tree will automatically be updated to display the latest set of data UniSettle 4 0 introduces new concepts that were not part of older versions of UniSettle As such the importing feature must make many decisions and revert back to internal defaults when dealing with data unique to UniSettle 4 0 We strongly suggest that you review each input data before proceeding with your analysis The following is a list of issues you should consider when importing data files created by UniSettle 3 0 Time period In previous releases of UniSettle loads excavations and pore pressure profiles could only be specified as initial or final condition A specific time period for individual load excavation and pore pressure profile can now be specified This allows for the modeling of real site conditions over time When imported into UniSettle 4 0 pore pressures loads and excavations previously specified as Final are now imported with a time value of 1 0 month Loads and excavations In UniSettle 3 0 one could specify a load or excavation to act only at Initial condition In UniSettle 4 0 this condition may now be modeled by introducing a negative copy of the same load applicable at a later time period When imported into UniSettle 4 0 similar conditions require the manual addition of counteracting loads or excavations Immediate and secondary settlements In addition to primary consolidation Uni
86. olutions 15 USER PREFERENCES User preferences are located under the main Administration menu and are used to personalize some aspects of the UniSettle interface and defaults They are used every time a new project is created 15 1 Engineer The entries located under this heading refer to those located under the Project Information input window You can personalize your name firm and department 15 2 Environment The entries located under this heading refer to the general behavior of the UniSettle environment User Preferences Environment Project Falder C xData UniSettle4 Display Units SI Numerical Format 1 234 567 89 Project Folder Use this option to personalize the folder that will be used when first opening or saving a new project Display Units Use this option to set the default design units Design units can also be switched at anytime by accessing the Units drop down box located on the main toolbar Numerical Format Use this option to select the preferred numerical format of the numbers when presented in tables 15 3 Other Input Use the input under this heading to change the default values of commonly used constants and variables They include gravity Z steps and various analysis methods www ur sottltd corn Page 64 of 64 UniSettle 4 0 for Windows Background and Examples UniSof Ltd Geotechnical Solutions 528 River Road Ottawa Ontario Canada K1V 1E9 Internet www unisoftltd
87. omputer you may skip this section and go directly to the section pertaining to activation However we strongly recommend that you visit our website and make sure that you are using the latest version of the software Upgrading to the latest release of UniSettle 4 0 is discussed in Section 3 6 Upgrading If you have obtained the setup file from an Internet link you may begin installation by executing the file In general our setup file should read something similar to UniSettle4 Latest Setup exe If you received the software on a medium such as a CD or a USB drive our setup software should start automatically when you insert the medium Otherwise this may indicate that your computer Autoplay feature is disabled and you will be required to browse the root folder of the medium and execute the setup file manually UniSettle 4 0 has been developed for Microsoft Windows 7 32 and 64 bit and therefore requires Microsoft Net Framework 3 5 Sp1 or higher Microsoft Framework is integral to Windows 7 and should already be in your system if you have kept up with your regular Microsoft updates Our setup application will attempt to locate Microsoft Net Framework in your system For earlier versions of Microsoft Windows such as Windows Vista Windows XP SP3 and Windows 2000 you may be required to visit the Microsoft website download and install Microsoft Net Framework prior to resuming the installation of UniSettle 4 0 Important To successtully instal
88. onsolidation calculated by UniSettle Page 18 20 The purpose of the performing the UniSettle calculation 1s to fit the calculation to the original curves not to provide a new evaluation of the consolidation characteristics of the site To achieve a good fit is easy However note that the observations are only shown for the first six months after full embankment height was reached The input used for the fit indicate that the consolidation 90 would take 20 years and the consolidation settlement would amount to about 2 m 1 e two thirds of the embankment height This might sound a bit excessive The same good fit can be achieved by adjusting the input Increasing the modulus number to make primarily the layer to 12 m depth less compressible and at the same time shortening the time required for the consolidation will return an equally good fit To evaluate consolidation and to validate a theoretical calculation requires control over the entire development Example 8 is a case with records during the entire consolidation period from the same site as in Ex 7 The same values of soil compressibility were used to achieve a fit between measured and calculated total settlement for the case The main difference is that for Ex 8 the soil 1s assumed to be have a preconsolidation margin of 8 KPa The analysis is extremely sensitive to the preconsolidation values and other means of achieving that fit are not realistic The measurements show that at the tim
89. ontroling the calculation Or export the results to Excel where each results column can be worked on as you may see fit And where results from two different analyses can be combined and compared The possibilities are limitless After perusing the below two results table and graphs you are ready to use UniSettle for your own work However take a look at the below examples and study the associated case files You will find them quite interesting and a source of ideas for your own forthcoming work The program will be installed with these cases accessible as files with extension UniSettle4 For a Background document see the appended Red Book Chapters 1 and 3 Fellenius 2009 Page 5 20 D g o g EIS S AE VE Boussinesa 1 Cenk 120 00 250 00 Total Settlement E J rotal Settlement Chart x O poems z e Initial Final Immediate Consolidation Secondary S f im G G Layer 1 Clay crust Janbu j 1 0 000 4 30 27 08 2 400 4 21 27 02 2 401 4 21 27 02 Layer 2 Soft clay Janbu j 0 2 401 421 27 02 4 00 2 442 4 16 25 64 7 00 2 561 4 04 21 98 11 00 2 706 3 87 17 84 15 00 2 835 3 71 14 36 19 00 2 947 3 55 11 38 23 00 3 048 3 40 8 82 25 00 3 095 3 33 7 67 Layer 3 Silty clay Janbuj 0 25 00 3 095 333 7 67 34 00 3 361 3 03 5 00 43 00 3 641 2 75 3 12 52 00 3 951 2 51 1 78 Layer 4 Compact sand Janbuj 0 5 52 00 3 951 2 51 1 78 61 00 4 481 2 38 1 70 70 00 5 037 2 26 1 62 Lay
90. onveniently placed in the main tool bar UniSettle 4 0 File Data Site Analysis Results Administration Help Ei y Es GE Boussinesc EJ El E SIS US s Two systems of units are available The International System of Units Sl and the US Customary units One of the best features of UniSettle 4 0 is that the system of units may be switched on the fly at any time This applies to the data and the results This means that some soil parameters may be entered in SI while others may be entered in US Customary Once the analysis is concluded the results and charts may be converted with a single click Important To avoid leakage errors due to multiple conversions effected on the same data UniSettle performs what is known as hard conversion This means that data are converted kept in memory saved and calculated with a high level of precision However when displayed on screen they may be subjected to rounding to a lower level of precision For example entering a 10 foot thick soil layer would be internally converted to 3 048 metres however it would be rounded to 3 05 metres when displayed 5 6 Introducing Time In very general terms consolidation is caused by the change in effective stress over a specific period of time In previous versions of UniSettle the change in effective stress was calculated as the difference between the conditions before construction i e initial condition and the conditions at the
91. open and save project files i e files with the Unisettle4 extension Other types of data may be imported or exported using the import and export features discussed in Section 6 0 Importing and Exporting 5 14 Print Data and Results All data results and charts produced by UniSettle may be sent to a Microsoft Windows 7 compatible printer Printing in UniSettle is context sensitive meaning that only the data or results currently on top with the focus can be printed The image below shows the input data for a Clay soil layer The Print option is updated to show the specific topic available for printing at this time www unisoftitd com Page 40 of 64 Uni Soft Ltd Geotechnical Solutions lle Data Ste Analysis Results Administration Help ha 11010 c G amp as Sami T Boussinesg New Project Open Project Ctrl 0 Recent Projects Name Type Description Unweathered Label Thickness m 11 70 Depth m 12 00 Z Steps m 1 00 Layer Interpolation Use layer average values IA Basic page setup including paper size source orientation and margins is available via the Page Setup option UniSettle also provides the ability to print to a pdf file directly This may also be achieved by downloading and installing one of the many pdf printers available on the Internet www uni
92. put of excavation as opposed to first reducing the imposed stress by the excavation equivalent The soil layers in the figure are indicated as normally consolidated with compressibility parameters in the format of conventional C eg parameters The NGI 16 publication was published in 1956 seven years before the advent of the Janbu tangent modulus approach The modulus numbers for layers Al A2 B1 and B2 are 19 4 20 9 26 1 and 25 5 by soft conversion from the Ce o parameters usually modulus numbers are only used as whole numbers As given in the figure from NGI 16 settlement calculations result in 89 mm of consolidation settlement below the center of the foundation The calculation using UniSettle results in 91 mm which is practically the same Assigning say 0 5 m thick sub layers and calculating using UniSettle reveals that no appreciable gain is achieved from using many sub layers the settlement value is essentially the same 93 mm The foundation for the structure is probably quite rigid Therefore the settlement calculated below the characteristic point x 3 7 m y 3 7 m is more representative than below the center In no time at all UniSettle can calculate the consolidation settlement for the characteristic point obtaining a value of 69 mm about 25 smaller than the value calculated for a point under the center of the structure if assumed to be flexible Or suppose that the structure would not be a rigid monolith but
93. r information you should still be able to perform an analysis If this is the case you will be presented with a complete set of results indicating 0 For the purposes of learning UniSettle however it is recommended that you open one of the example projects installed at setup Your first analysis is initiated by accessing the Analyze command located under the main Analysis menu 8 UniSettle 4 0 File Data General Input Project Information Settings The time required to complete the analysis depends on multiple factors including the speed of your processor the depth of the soil profile the number and size of the loads and excavations the integration steps the number of time periods the number of analysis points and the methods selected For example the approximate number of iterations required to calculate the compression of a 100 foot deep soil layer with 5 loads 4 time periods 3 analysis points and using only Boussinesq would be 100 x 5x4x3x3x1le 18 000 Adding 2 new loads 1 new time period 5 new analysis points and Westergaard to the equation would mean 100 x 7x 5x 8 x 8 x 2 448 000 iterations Approximately 25 times more demanding on your processor After a few projects you will learn to negotiate and compromise between pushing the application to its limits versus using the time necessary to perform complicated analyses 5 11 Review Results If your analysis was successfully completed you will be prese
94. row keys Regular input cell This is the most common type of input cell used throughout the application It was designed to behave as a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet cell Once it has been selected the cell may be edited by typing pressing the keyboard s F2 key or double clicking the left mouse button Editing is cancelled using the keyboard s Esc key or recorded by pressing the keyboard s Enter key or moving to another cell www ur sottltd corn Page 21 of 64 Uni Soft Ltd Geotechnical Solutions User Preferences Engineer Name E eege Firm LiniSoft Geotechnical Solutions Ltd Department Drop down input cell When it has the focus a drop down input cell is recognized by the downward arrow located on the right side of the cell It usually provides the user with a list of items to choose from This type of cell is edited by pressing the keyboard s F2 key or by clicking the left mouse button on the downward arrow Editing is cancelled using the keyboard s Esc key or recorded by pressing the keyboard s Enter key Some drop down input cells will only allow selection from a pre determined list Others will allow you to enter and select your own content An example of a drop down input cell can be found in the Display Units input located in the User Preferences window User Preferences El Engineer Name B Rogers Firm UniSoft Geotechnical Solutions Ltd Department cre Documents YU nise The Type entry located und
95. s from the previous program version UniSettle v 3 The following screen capture shows the results of calculated stress distribution underneath a specific point center of a building and coordinates for that point Click first on the o button and then on the button to display the graph of the stress distribution You can increase or decrease the number of lines in the table and points shown by indicating the Z steps in the soil layer input or hide them click on the tool box in the upper left corner of the graph File Data Site Analysis Results Administration Help ia Z jd g units Customary US y D g CO amp dS S A E IN ale Sl z f a Aj cz A Boussiesq Building center 120 00 112 50 wl Final initial El General Input R RIY aa ana EJ Effective Stress Com arison Chart x Project Inforn ES At Building center 120 00 112 50 gt gt Stress 1 1 kel Depth 1 1 j Final Condition A ign Boussinesq Westergaard 2to1 ffecti A e Depth Stress Stress Stress Effective Stress Comparison oft clay At Building center 120 00 112 50 Silty clay ft ksf ksf ksf Compact sam Layer 1 Clay crust Dijane aik 0 00 0 000 0 000 0 000 Sandy silt 2 99 0 602 0 000 0 000 Stress ksf Silty sand 3 00 0 603 0 000 0 000 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 Bedrok Layer 2 Soft clay Pore Pressure 3 00 0 603 0 000 0 000 Initial Conditi 4 00 4
96. s the following values at the four locations 2 28 2 95 3 40 and 3 56 ksf respectively 1 e the same answers as given in Art 35 Problem 3 Calculations of settlement using UniSettle returns settlements values of 8 59 and 12 32 in again a full agreement with the text book for the problem Art 36 Problem 1 The UniSettle calculated development of settlement for the case is shown below Such compilations were rarely done in the 1940s because the calculations would then have taken a disproportionate amount of time Now with UniSettle all calculations results are available after a mere minute or two of input Page 12 20 Time Related Settlement Boussinesq All Layers at 0 00 0 00 Pal En PJ oO ex Ln C3 har C E LO eri HI _ CL E o L 10 Time years Immediate Consolidation Secondary Total Compilation of settlement development over time In a real case it would be of interest to input also the compressibility of the dense sand say assuming elastic response and a modulus number of 300 30 MPa or 4 350 ksf which enables UniSettle to also calculate the settlement in the sand With that input UniSettle indicates that the sand contributes about an additional 6 inches of settlement However the settlement in the sand would develop during the construction and rather soon after its completion 1 e be immediate It 1s easy to input suitable consolidation coef
97. sions are hidden by default If this occurs you may not be able to correctly identify UniSettle 4 0 project files If this is the case we recommend that you contact your network administrator Important Only project files previously created with UniSettle 4 0 may be opened in this fashion If you are a registered user of UniSettle 3 0 you can import UniSettle 3 0 project files stl using the Import feature Importing other file formats is discussed in Section 6 0 Importing and Exporting 5 4 Recent Projects Project files can also be accessed via the Recent Projects feature located under the main File menu B UniSettle 4 0 File Data Site Analysis Results Administration Help ig New Project Ctrl N e k Open Project Ctri O ES Boussinesg Recent Projects al Save Recents Projects a Save As Project List Import a Project Information Export 2 EE EI Name Bangkok Example ES A Ex03 Terzaghi Peck Unisettle4 Number Fig 13 in Moh and Lin 2006 page Seip 4 Ex04a Ring Tank Unisettle EE E a Sieg FACH Description Vertical drains to accelerate settlement ca Print User Pri 5 11 08 25 Bangkok Example Fig 13 Ur 7 Ges 7 Ma COR unisettle4 sl 10 PS 0033tCC 3 Unisettle4 Address Existing Chur New Buildinc Client Information E Excavations Mame Garage Contact El Analysis Address X Y Mesh Additional Di dl Tm t Path C Users Piere Desktop Ec08 Bangkok Example Fig 13
98. softitd com Page 41 of 64 Uni Soft Ltd Geotechnical Solutions 6 0 IMPORTING AND EXPORTING Importing and exporting features extend the usefulness of UniSettle to other popular software The exporting and importing options are located under the main File menu and are described below Data Ste Analysis Results Administration Help Si New Project Ctrl N d a a g SES A ME Ki ES Open Project Cut Esq 5 00 10 00 G3 Recent Projects e Total Settlement Dave Ltri 5 lel Sav Ctrl 5 i at 5 00 10 00 Save As SE S Effective Gs wasa Import Depth Initial Total Settlement Chart All Data piemen Page Setup Soil Layers 3j Print Chart Total Settlement Chart Ctrl P Pore Pressure Profiles 3 Loads Exit Ctrl X Excavations E d DCN El Pore Pressure Site Plan Initial Conditions 6 months Conditions All Results to Excel Final 36 months Pore PI Export Total Settlement to Text File El Loads ER Current Chart Old road initial rn c EE Old road Remove 25 00 1 169 6 1 Importing UniSettle XMLU Files The UnisSettle 4 0 user has the ability to import XMLU files Although very specific to UniSettle 4 0 and other UniSoft applications the XMLU file format is based on the popular extensible markup language XML In short XML is a set of rules for encoding documents in machine readable form When used in conjunc
99. t and bottom of the viewport Select the default cursor button to return it to its default behavior Important Panning can only work when the image has previously been zoomed and the extent of the image is beyond the edge of the viewport Mouse button zoom When enabled it allows the user to zoom in or out of the image by clicking on the left or right mouse buttons respectively Select the default cursor button to return it to its default behavior Area zoom When selected this option allows you to zoom the image in a specific rectanglular area To do this move the cursor to one corner of the area you want to enlarge While holding down the left mouse button move the cursor to create a rectangle around the area you wish to enlarge Release the mouse button Select the default cursor button to return it to its default behavior View full image Resets the image zoom so the full image the width and the height fits inside the current view port View full width Resets the image zoom so the width fits inside the current view port www ur sottltd corn Page 31 of 64 Uni Soft Ltd Geotechnical Solutions View full height Resets the image zoom so the height fits inside the current view port Site plan options This is a drop down button which allows you to dictate the contents of the site plan Specific items may be selected checked or de selected unchecked Site Plan at Final Condition RO Aas Pe Show Loads
100. teristic point considered representative for a semi rigid foundation is about 80 of the calculated at the footing center Note also that most of the settlement develops within a depth of one footing diameter Of course this is only true for the special case analyzed Where a footing is wide and the soil is non uniform results could be quite different However with UniSettle also very variable and complicated conditions can be analyzed with equal ease Page 16 20 SETTLEMENT 40 60 CENTER N oo Q x amp L E D LLI O The diagrams of this example stl Ex06 are not obtained directly from UniSettle but by exporting the results to Excel and then plotting the selected data directly in the spreadsheet File stl 06 All results xls contains the exported tables and the plots Exporting the results to Excel allows incorporating results from in situ tests such as CPTU and SPT and adding a soil profile etc to the diagrams of stress and settlements as well as combining UniSettle results obtained from analyses of different soil profiles Page 17 20 Example 7 demonstrates calculation of consolidation settlement The input data are taken from a published case of a test embankment constructed for the studies made for the design of the Bangkok International Airport The paper reporting the case history Moh and Lin 2006 presents the soil profile pore pressure distribution and the embankment details A co
101. th of time for 90 consolidation to develop In contrast to the consolidation development secondary compression continues indefinitely albeit at a reducing rate Therefore UniSettle includes the option of eliminating the report period for the value of secondary compression to show in the results table The user inputs the duration considered relevant say 30 years The original example does not include values of secondary compression The question Is what coefficient of secondary compression C to use as input Some suggest that the coefficient should be in the range of 0 02 t like C which gives a value of 0 005 Moreover in an inorganic clay which is probably is the case for the NGI 16 example a secondary compression that is larger than the immediate compression to occur within the first 30 years after the end of the consolidation is not probable The 0 005 values meets this empirical condition The largest point of contention is when the secondary compression should be assumed to start Does it start at the start of the consolidation or at the end of the consolidation The modern consensus is that it starts when the consolidation is initiated However calculation practice is to let it start at the end of the consolidation The below figure shows the calculated immediate compression consolidation settlement secondary compression and total settlement versus time for the original NGI 16 input calculated for the center of the excavation The
102. th the Microsoft Windows environment and the various geotechnical concepts used throughout the application UniSettle 4 0 is currently available in 4 modes Demo Basic Standard and Professional Depending on the type of version you are running some of the features described in this manual may be disabled From time to time we also issue updates to correct minor issues or add new features Slight differences may exist between the images shown in this document and the version that is running on your computer UniSettle 4 0 has many features and hoping to learn them all in a single reading is not realistic Part I of this user manual refers to the use of the software in general terms Part Il describes the input variables used throughout the application If your copy of the software is already installed activated and ready to go we suggest that you jump straight to Section 4 0 Using UniSettle If you are anxious to perform an analysis immediately jump to Section 5 0 Your First Analysis If you have questions related to the engineering concepts behind UniSettle 4 0 please refer to our Example Manual distributed with the software and Dr B H Fellenius Redbook available on our website 1 2 Technical Support Free limited technical support regarding the use of all our products may be obtained by contacting us at support unisoftltd com We also suggest that you regularly consult our website at www unisoftltd com It provides many technical papers
103. the tree or ladder of options shown to the left in the below screen shot may appear daunting and could lead a first time user to believe that the program would require a multitude of inputs to operate But that s not the case Just input a single soil layer click at New Layer with soil density and compressibility C eo or modulus number and a single load click at New Load to enter load area and stress Then click at the go symbol the green circle with the gt in the center and UniSettle will deliver values of settlement and stress Click here to have UniSettle calculate all values CJ UniSettle 4 0 File Data Site Analysis Results Administratic ch 1063 l 3 units customaryus zl BD ege S as ARIS be a e E lle Ga A e GE 3 feoussinesq 7 Open area 262 47 6512 E General Input N Project Inforn Settings Soil Layers Layers Total Compression y E EI Layer Co ession Chart E Clay crust Boussinesq at Open area 262 47 65 62 zt aria E Compression 1 12 Y i Wie SH Jee 1 organicsit MY LL G G G G G Sandy silt 1 Silty sand 2 Soft clay Bedrock 3 Silty clay E Pore Pressure 4 Compact sand 5 6 Layer Compression Clay crust Boussinesq at Open area 262 47 65 62 Compression in Initial Conditi Organic silt p in 6 months Con Sandy silt Final Pore Pre q Silty sand E Loads Total All Layers Old road init Old road Rer New road Building Tower
104. this subject depend on the shape of the load or excavation under consideration The following image shows the available entries for a polygon shape load Load New Road Geometry Depth z ft x ft 60 00 100 00 300 00 340 00 Depth Z Defines the depth of the load or excavation under consideration A load with a negative depth indicates a distance above ground i e above the first soil layer This feature may be used to define a new footing placed on a new fill which in turn could be placed on top of the first soil layer www unisoftitd com Page 59 of 64 Uni Soft Ltd Geotechnical Solutions Area A Defines the contact area when a point load is specified This area is used to limit the amount of total stress caused by the point load at the point of contact Breadth B Defines the breadth or width of a rectangular load or excavation For a line load breadth refers to the width of the line and is used to limit the amount of total stress at the point of contact For rectangular shape loads or excavations breadth refers to the dimension measured along the East West direction X Axis Length L Defines the length of a rectangular load or excavation It refers to the dimension measured along the North South direction Y Axis Radius R Defines the radius of a circular shape load or excavation Breadth B Defines the breadth or width measured at the top of an embankment shape load Breadth B Defines
105. tion UniSoft will be glad to respond UniSettle will let you input a multitude of soil layers of uniform thickness move them around in the profile let you use E modulus C ey for compressibility or use Janbu modulus number as per your Page 3 20 preference You can input immediate compression modulus as well as coefficient for secondary compression and consolidation coefficient Note if you do not input a value but leave it as a 0 UniSettle will disregard the particular computation for that layer That 1s you can have a soil profile of several soil layers and you only need to input the parameters appropriate for the analysis of a specific layer You can input a multitude of load types and excavations and you can indicate that they are placed at different times and determine settlement versus time For example you can input a pore water pressure distribution that is changed at certain times say water table lowered in steps at different times then raised and determine the effect of this on effective stresses and settlements with time You can calculate the effect of preloading a site with a surcharge that 1s kept at a site for a limited time and then simulate the construction of a building or embankment on the preloaded area Going beyond the input 1s just as easy You can display the calculation results in tables and or graphics export the results to Excel or to text file and graphics to bitmap format And of course import case file
106. tion with the exporting features of UniSettle soil layers pore pressure profiles loads and excavation data may be imported into an existing project This powerful feature of the software allows you to quickly combine data from one project with another It can also be used to build a library of soil profiles loads or excavations Importing XMLU files is very similar to opening a project file When selected a window allowing you to browse the contents of your computer and other connected drives will appear Once you find the XMLU file you are seeking simply bring it in by clicking the Open button If the process was successful you will be prompted with the option to overwrite or append the contents of the file to the data currently in memory The data tree will automatically be updated to display the latest set of data www ur sottltd corn Page 42 of 64 Uni Soft Ltd Geotechnical Solutions 6 2 Importing UniSettle 3 0 Files Project files stl soil files sol and load files lod created with UniSettle 3 0 may be imported directly into UniSettle 4 0 Importing these types of files is very similar to opening a project file When selected a window allowing you to browse the contents of your computer and other connected drives will appear Once you find the file you are looking for simply bring it in by clicking the Open button If the process was successful you may be prompted with the option to overwrite or append the contents
107. us bar and all printouts 8 2 Client Refers to the general client information The information specified under this subject will also be used in the Recent Projects window located under the main File menu www urilsottlta corn Page 46 of 64 Uni Soft Ltd Geotechnical Solutions 8 3 Engineer Use this section to specify general information regarding the engineer working on the analysis The defaults used under this heading can be personalized by accessing the User Preferences option located under the main Administration menu 8 4 Custom This section of the form provides 3 additional lines of input to record the information of your choice www unisoftltd cortrn Page 47 of 64 Uni Soft Ltd Geotechnical Solutions 9 0 SETTINGS Use this input window to specify the various settings and constants used throughout the analysis 9 1 General Settings General Settings Water Density kg m 1 000 Gravity m s 9 81 Water Density The water density used in the calculation of static pore pressure It is used internally to convert pore pressure measurements from height to pressure Gravity Gravity is a constant local gravitational field for converting mass to weight force It is used throughout the application to convert kg kilograms to kPa kilopascals and pounds to pound force By default the gravity constant on earth is set to 9 81 m s2 32 81 ft s2 It can be personalized by accessing the User
108. way to quickly demonstrate the behavior and tendency of the results Charting of the results currently on top are displayed by accessing the Chart Results option located under the main Results menu In addition charts may be printed or exported to a bitmap file The image below shows a graphic representation of the calculated total settlement at 5 00 10 00 Total Settlement Chart Settlement 1 1 Total Settlement Boussinesg at 5 00 10 00 Settlement mm 400 600 800 1000 1200 Immediate Consolidation Secondary Total Note Charting has been included in UniSettle as a matter of convenience Charting data may be exported to a separate text file to allow for more advanced charting and result manipulation The chart window has its own toolbar displaying a series of options used to customize the view port Some of these options are used to modify the contents of the display others to change the scaling of the axes Changing the options for one chart will not affect the charts for other topics Options are described below www unisoftitd com Page 38 of 64 Uni Soft Ltd Geotechnical Solutions Total Settlement Chart EA AAA Depth 1 1 Total Settlement Boussinesq at 5 00 10 00 Total Settlement Options Quadrant 800 1000 Series Z Immediate W Consolidation Secondary Total Show Paints Secondary Ah Total Quadrant Select this option to change the quadrant

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