GGU-TRENCH - Index of
Contents
1. 28 Graphs scale width automatically 27 Ground inclination define Groundwater level define Groundwater consider as layer boundary 22 Groundwater define colour 30 Guide wall consider in analysis 9 Guide wall define sssssessseee 19 Header CAD use iib e Remedies 31 Header output table sess 12 Hydraulic gradients activate consideration 24 GGU TRENCH User Manual Page 41 of 43 February 2012 Installation sic 3t eerte 4 Intermediate angle define quantity 20 Knowledge Base e 37 Language preferences esses 5 37 Lateral pressure increase select type 20 Lateral pressure stress consider 7 Lateral pressure stress increase from line loads ette tte Lateral pressure display in result graphics Layer depths define sss Layout output sheet seseeeee 36 Layout output table sees 12 Legend soil properties essss 34 Legend system properties Licence protection Limit gradients consider Line loads consider ee Line loads define negative Line loads define delete Liquid limi2. Standard display in legend 33 Status bar main program activate 3l Support force in suspension reduce 8 Support force determination 9 Suspension define Suspension membrane effect 8 System show information sss 37 T Terrace deinen imne nre a 23 Terzaghi consider sees 7 Terzaghi select for lateral pressure increase 20 Toolbar edit for menu items 31 Translation activate cccccccesseceessseeesseeeeees 37 True type font sese 30 U Unit weight of suspension define 21 Unit weight of wet soil define 21 GGU TRENCH User Manual Page 42 of 43 February 2012 Unit display for loads sess 21 W Units select for di5 ohne es 10 Utilisation factor definition 9 Water pressure distribution define 1ndividually 24 3 ettet ttr 24 V Water pressure distribution display in result Fico 27 Verification concept change R 18 Water pressure Considet eit tenen 7 Verification concept select 3 What you see is what you get sssse 30 Version number display in a message box 37 Version number display in legend 33 Z Zoom factor defi
3. eeeeseeeeee 9 Earth pressure display in result graphics 27 Earth pressure in calculation formula 7 Editor window output table Effective support force calculation EMP format oca ene Sore Equivalent distributed loads for consideration of line loads 8 F Failure planes display in result graphics 27 Failure planes show during analysis 26 File name display in legend e335 File load save sou Font selection eene tret tenes 30 Font size dimension lines sss 29 Font size edit for graphical elements 36 Font size general legend Font size soil properties legend Footer output table eee Footings consider esee FOS cohesiOti oie serere ined FOS Define display allowable FOS groundwater eta w Friction angle define Friction forces consider Function keys 0 cceecceeecceseeeeeeseeeeeeeeeeeeaeeaeens General page information add via Mini CAD i i e bee tet GGUCAD file export GGUMiniCAD file export Global safety factor concept verifications 6 Gradient display in result graphics 27 Graphics add via Mini CAD 31 Graphs arrange manually
4. Cancel Sort 4 line loads to edit Info No Size xleft right Depth Factor kN Zr m m m Lat pressure 1 1615 oso 240 55s 1 0000 2 3230 2470 3100 55999 1 0000 3 3185 310 5650 55999 1 0000 4 223 4 5650 9100 sss 1 0000 By clicking the x line loads to edit button a further dialog box opens in which you can enter the number of line loads max 20 If more than eight line loads are entered they can be viewed by navigating through the line load table using Forw and Back The values corresponding to the respective line loads are entered into the appropriate fields in the dialog box These are e Size the size of the line load KN m e xleft the distance of the left line load boundary from the diaphragm wall m e xright the distance of the right line load boundary from the diaphragm wall m e Depth the depth at which the line load acts m from the top of the diaphragm wall e Factor Lateral pressure the amount by which the line load contributes to an increase in the lateral pressure 0 0 gt no contribution The line loads are sorted according to acting depth by pressing the Sort button GGU TRENCH User Manual Page 22 of 43 February 2012 You can also use this function to eliminate a line load from the table Simply assign the line load to be eliminated a greater acting depth and then click the Sort button The corresponding line load is now the last line load in the
5. if loads from structures act in the critical area If you are analysing using the global safety factor concept you can have the user defined safety factor en tered as a horizontal boundary line into the safety factor distribution diagram Use this menu item to do this Allowable FOS prefs x M Show line for allowable FOS Allow FOS 1 10 Allow FOS 1 30 if loads are present in critical area according to DIN 4126 Figure 6 otherwise FOS 1 10 tees Just activate the line representation check box and enter the desired safety factor GGU TRENCH User Manual Page 26 of 43 February 2012 6 3 5 Graphics output preferences menu item Among other things the screen graphics consist of several diagrams presenting depth oriented results The represented variables can be specified in the dialog box for this menu item Graphics output preferences x r Presentation with v Safety factor etala v Hatch eta a v Line loads v Failure planes Cancel v Penetration depth fs0 MV Support force v Earth pressures Body forces x Body forces y Reaction Ox Reaction Oy v Lat pressure m Water pressure manually Water pressure m Loads Presentation height m 0 250 Same height for all v Show unit Depending on the verification concept selected the Safety factor eta a or the Utilisation factor u a is displayed and hatched where specified Body forces refers
6. of pages e g Page tt of pages r ffset Offset for page number 0 Offset for no of pages 0 Cancel Automatic pagination can also be employed here if you work with the placeholders as described After exiting the dialog boxes using OK you will see a further dialog box in which you can select the parameters to be used in the output table If you click the Start button the output table is presented on the screen page by page To navigate between the pages use the arrow tools xs in the toolbar If you need to jump to a given page or back to the graphical representa tion click on the tool You will then see the following box Choose page X Current page 1 New page 1 B To nomal view Cancel GGU TRENCH User Manual Page 13 of 43 February 2012 6 1 5 3 Button Output as ASCII You can have your analysis data sent to the printer without further work on the layout or save it to a file for further processing using a different program e g a word processing application After selecting the button Output as ASCII you will see a further dialog box in which you can select the parameters to be used If you click the Start button the following dialog box appears in which you can define output preferences x r Printer preferences Et 0 ted swe Page format Header footer Portrait Font size pts s C Landscape r Print pages From page no 1 Offset for p
7. 0 0 for limit gradients gt 200 0 giving rise to somewhat higher factors of safety GGU TRENCH User Manual Page 8 of 43 February 2012 When determining the support force S in the region of the guide walls pursuant to old DIN 4126 9 1 4 2 the earth pressure from soil self weight and permanent uniformly distributed surcharge may be adopted up to the value of the at rest earth pressure instead of the pressure of the supporting suspension if the guide walls and their bracing are designed for this The program has a switch which you can use to select from the options offered in the DIN standard You can incorporate both distributed loads or line loads into the calculation of the guide wall earth pressure If line loads contribute to the guide wall earth pressure can be specified its component will be taken into consideration completely independent of the factor described above for the lateral pressure component In addition for determination of the at rest pressure on the guide wall from line loads the line load in accordance with Figure 1 is converted to an equivalent line load Calculation of the earth pressure to be supported by the slurry fluid is for various user defined depths varying the slip surface angle The variation range of the slip surface angle is user defined In accordance with DIN 4126 old a safety factor of 1 5 is to be adopted for any cohesion in the slip surface The GGU TRENCH program allows a further reduction of
8. 00 Cancel In the upper group box you enter the dimensions of the diaphragm wall and the guide wall The Delta depth defines the model points at which safety factors are computed Distinctive points in the system such as the base of the guide wall and layer boundaries are always taken into consid eration If you have activated the Use absolute heights check box an additional Ground level input box will be displayed All height input is then in m AD If you do not use absolute heights ground level is assumed to be 0 0 m and all depth information is positive downwards GGU TRENCH User Manual Page 19 of 43 February 2012 The range of variation of the slip surface angle is then specified Slope angle Slip surface angle Figure 1 Slip surface angle The number of intermediate angles between the two slip surface angles minimum and maxi mum is defined by the No of subdivisions The program begins the analysis with the first entered minimum slip surface angle The next intermediate angle is then investigated In the lower group box you select the type of lateral pressure increase There are three possible options see also Section 5 4 e bilinear after DIN 4126 e sublinear after Terzaghi e sublinear after Terzaghi but with the limitation that the bilinear approach after DIN 4126 using the bending point defined by the depth z trench width is not exceeded When computing the lateral pressure increase after T
9. PC Upon start up and during running the GGU TRENCH program checks that a CM stick is connected If it has been removed the program can no longer be executed For installation of GGU software and the CodeMeter software please refer to the information in the Installation notes for GGU Software International which are supplied with the program GGU TRENCH User Manual Page 4 of 43 February 2012 3 Language selection GGU TRENCH is a bilingual program The program always starts with the language setting applicable when it was last ended The language preferences can be changed at any time in the menu using the menu item Spracheinstellung for German or Language preferences for English 4 Starting the program After starting the program you will see two menus at the top of the window e File e By going to the File menu a previously analysed system can be loaded by means of the Load menu item or a new one created using New After clicking the New menu item a dialog box opens for specifying general preferences for your new system see Section 6 1 1 After leaving the box you then see six menus in the menu bar e File e Edit e System e Graphics preferences e Page size margins e After clicking one of these menus the menu items roll down allowing you access to all program functions The program works on the principle of What you see is what you get This means that the screen presentation
10. line load inside the respective slip body is converted to an equivalent distributed load smearing and then treated as a distributed load II Existing line load Equivalent distributed load Figure 1 Influence of line loads If footings substantially smaller than the trench width exist in the area of a trench the point load must be converted to an equivalent line load However you should then consider whether the point load contributes at all to the lateral pressure stress on the wall The proportion giving rise to a corresponding equivalent load that increases the favourably acting lateral pressure stress can therefore be individually defined in the program for each line loading by means of a factor gt 0 0 and 1 0 If the pressure gradient fso fso 2 te dio lies below 200 kN m the full membrane effect of the suspension is no longer available requiring a reduction in the support force The reduction depends on the penetration depth of the suspension into the respective soil The program calculates the reduction in the support force Therefore in stead of the expression S W in the above equation the program calculates the effective support force S Even for limit gradi ents gt 200 0 penetration depths are gt 0 0 leading in principle to a reduction in the effective support force In agreement with the DIN 4126 old however the program assumes a penetration depth of
11. o EEE e e SEE E SE TEE iE 35 6 5 2 Manual resize mouse menu IM cee ceececsseceeececsseceeececssecseeeecseeceeeeeesaeenes 35 6 5 3 Manual resize editor menu 1tOM cee ecscceseceesceceseceesceceseceeeeeceseseeeeecseeeses 35 6 5 4 Font size selection menu item eene 36 6 5 5 Page size and margins menu item seen rennen 36 aM 37 6 6 1 Copynght menu Item ono ere brennt teens 37 6 6 2 GGU on the web menu item sees nne nennen nennen 37 6 6 3 GGU support menu 168m neo ge o etre De pe e dp e reg 37 6 6 4 Maxima menu item sessi enne enne en nennen innen nns 37 6 6 5 Help menu Item ibat bee e eret ede bee Deere Riedie 37 6 6 6 What s new menu item nennen nennen nennen trennen enne nes 37 6 6 7 Language preferences menu item seseeseeeeeeeeeeeeeereneenn enne enne 37 T Tips and io CER 38 TA Keyboard and mouse eee iet iet m eei ee 38 7 2 gt Function keys ue m Ae oi Antik tena Arid tet dep e e pra p e 39 7 3 Copy print area 1COD 5E ee E teintes 40 Dr E i E T TE ne rabbia inb eee E RLUR Tl rea EE VE PEOR ob Ee e PE ELDER CES VERE E T 41 GGU TRENCH User Manual Page 3 of 43 February 2012 1 Preface The GGU TRENCH program allows analysis and representation of the inner and outer stability of diaphragm walls Analysis can be performed using the global safety factors employed by the old DIN 4126
12. or with the partial safety factors used by the new DIN 4126 August 2004 Data input is in accordance with conventional WINDOWS operations and can therefore be learned almost entirely without the use of a manual Graphic output supports the true type fonts supplied with WINDOWS so that excellent layout is guaranteed Colour output and any graphics e g files in formats BMP JPG PSP TIF etc are supported DXF files can also be imported by means of the integrated Mini CAD module see the Mini CAD manual The program has been thoroughly tested No faults have been found Nevertheless liability for completeness and correctness of the program and the manual and for any damage resulting from incompleteness or incorrectness cannot be accepted 2 Licence protection and installation In order to guarantee a high degree of quality a hardware based copy protection system is used for the GGU TRENCH program The GGU software protected by the CodeMeter copy protection system is only available in conjunction with the CodeMeter stick copy protection component hardware for connection to the PC CM stick Because of the way the system is configured the protected software can only be operated with the corresponding CM stick This creates a fixed link between the software licence and the CM stick copy protection hardware the licence as such is thus represented by the CM stick The correct Runtime Kit for the CodeMeter stick must be installed on your
13. pages in the tabular representation Select page If you are in the tabular representation you can use this icon to jump to a specific page or to return to the normal representation that is to the graphics GGU TRENCH User Manual Page 31 of 43 February 2012 Zoom out If you have previously zoomed in this tool returns to a full screen display Zoom Zoom With the zoom functions you can zoom in or out of parts of the image by clicking the left mouse button Copy print area Use this tool to copy only parts of the graphics in order to paste them e g to a report You will see information on this function and can then mark an area which is copied to the clipboard or can be saved in a file Alternatively you can send the marked area directly to your printer see Tips and tricks Section 7 3 Colour on off If you need to remove the colour from the system presentation to create a black and white print out for example use this on off switch GGU TRENCH User Manual Page 32 of 43 February 2012 6 4 8 General legend menu item A legend with general properties will be displayed on your output sheet if you have activated the Show legend check box Using this menu item you can alter the type of presentation General legend xj V Show legend Heading Initia analysis data x value 150 00 y value 278 00 Font size mm 3 0 Max no of rows fi Show program name and version v Sh
14. sub folders GGU TRENCH User Manual Page 17 of 43 February 2012 6 2 Edit menu 6 2 1 Project identification menu item You can enter a description of the current system this will then be used in the general legend see Section 6 4 8 6 2 2 Verification concept menu item You can select the desired verification concept If a partial factor concept is selected the partial factors for Slurry fluid yp and Earth pressure yg can be entered Further information on the partial factors is available by pressing the Info buttons see also Section 5 Analysis prin ciples Preferences In order to guarantee the compatibility of the older records it is still possible to select DIN 4126 100 here GGU TRENCH User Manual Page 18 of 43 February 2012 6 2 3 Diaphragm wall menu item This menu item consists of the central data input for your system and the initial analysis data You will see a dialog box in which almost all the basic data necessary for analysis of the diaphragm wall can be entered Diaphragm wall x Ground level mD 56 00 Trench depth m D 40 50 Delta depth m 0 50 Trench length m 12 50 Guide wall depth mAD 55 30 Slip surface angle Minimum 40 0 Maximum 89 0 No of subdivisions 80 r Lateral pressure after DIN 4126 bilinear Delta depth Terzaghi m 1 00 Ground inclination 5 00 Distributed load kN r 0
15. table and is be deleted by reducing the number of line loads If line loads possess a factor for the lateral pressure gt 0 0 the corresponding value will be dis played in brackets in the system graphics following the value for the line load 6 2 7 Terrace menu item Using this menu item you can take the influence of a terrace beside the diaphragm wall into con sideration Depth m 5500 Spacing m 10 The Depth value designated the depth of the terrace below ground level The Spacing value designates the distance of the terrace from the guide wall The current version of the program only allows for terraces gt 0 0 Terraces 0 0 can be taken into consideration approximately by using negative line loads Below the terrace a correspondingly reduced lateral pressure is assumed on both flanks which leads to a lower friction force on the flanks In addition the cohesion component on the slip sur face is correspondingly reduced GGU TRENCH User Manual Page 23 of 43 February 2012 6 2 8 Water pressure manually menu item Normally the water pressure is calculated using the user defined groundwater level If you want to take a different water pressure distribution into consideration you can use a polygon course to define almost any distribution using this menu item LTICTOOX x v Calculate using water pressure manually Consider hydraulic gradient Cancel Sort 2
16. the cohesion components in both flanks and in the slip surface beside the general reduction The new standard stipulates that safety is sufficient if the condition Yu S W Yz qoa ZO is shown Sx characteristic value of support force to 6 4 2 of DIN 4126 Aug 2004 W characteristic value of groundwater pressure Ek characteristic value of earth pressure to 6 4 3 of DIN 4126 Aug 2004 Yu partial factor for the groundwater pressure and the slurry fluid pressure Ye partial factor for earth pressure The variables in the equation are calculated according to the old DIN 4126 If calculations are consistently performed according to DIN 4126 Aug 2004 a safety definition in the sense of the old standard which provides a guide for the degree of safety is not obtained The only statement that can be made is Stable or Instable In order to still arrive at a measure of safety the utilisation factor u is defined obtained from u Ye E Yu Se W GGU TRENCH User Manual Page 9 of 43 February 2012 6 Description of menu items 6 1 File menu 6 1 1 New menu item Click on this menu item to create a new wall system r Verification concept Partial safety factors DIN 4126 2004 Add EC 7 designation C Partial safety factors DIN 4126 100 Info EC 7 C Global safety factors DIN 4126 Project identification Use absolute heights Enter d10 in mm Cancel Y
17. the file is given the file name Image0 emf with sequential numbering If the Rename button in the dialog box is clicked a file selector box opens and the copied area can be saved under a different name in a user defined folder Saving can be aborted by pressing the De lete button If the Printer button was pressed in the first dialog box a dialog box for defining the printer settings opens after marking the area Following this a dialog box for defining the image output settings opens After confirming the settings the defined area is output to the selected printer GGU TRENCH User Manual Page 40 of 43 February 2012 8 Index Absolute heights use eee 10 Allowable FOS display as boundary line 26 Analysis results display for selected depth 39 Analysis results save in file 11 At rest earth pressure as maximum pressure 9 At rest pressure on guide wall determine At rest pressure activate for analysis B Body forces display in result graphics 27 Bracing of guide wall consider 9 Buoyant unit weight of soil adoption for y 7 Buoyant unit weight of soil define 21 Clipbo rd mnes CodeMeter stick Cohesion define as soil property Cohesion enter reduction factor p Cohesion enter safety factor sssse Cohesi
18. to 0 at a depth corresponding to the trench width Alternatively to the bilinear approach a so called sublinear approach after Terzaghi is often used for the depth distributione stress of the lateral pressure stress The theoretical principles are described in detail in for example KILCHERT KARSTEDT Standsicherheitsberechnung von Schlitzw nden nach DIN 4126 KILCHERT KARSTEDT Stability analysis of diaphragm walls to DIN 4126 no translation published Beuth Verlag GmbH The method after Terzaghi is based on the so called silo theory The sublinear approach after Terzaghi can also be selected According to WALZ and PULSFORT 1983 Rechnerische Standsicherheit suspensionsgestiitz ter Erdw nde Teil I und 2 Tiefbau Ingenieurbau Stra enbau Heft 1 und 2 Computed stabil ity of suspension supported earth walls Parts 1 and 2 Tiefbau Ingenieurbau StraBenbau Issues and 2 the sublinear approach after Terzaghi is acceptable if the bilinear approach after DIN 4126 old using the bending point defined by the depth z trench width is not exceeded This restriction can also be entered in the program GGU TRENCH User Manual Page 7 of 43 February 2012 In contrast to a distributed load line loads can only act on a limited area beside the guide wall If you set the check boxes described later in this manual so that line loads act to increase the lateral pressure stress the program proceeds as follows e The proportion of the
19. 00 13 00 37 5 o0 4 000 3 Gravel By clicking the x soils to edit button a further dialog box opens in which you can enter the num ber of soils If more than eight soils are present they can be viewed by navigating through the soil table using the Forw and Back buttons The properties for each soil are entered into the corresponding input boxes These are e Base base of respective layer m e gam f unit weight of wet soil KN m e gam buoyant unit weight of soil KN m e phi friction angle of soil e c cohesion of soil RN m e dl0 grain size of soil for 10 mass component m GGU TRENCH User Manual Page 21 of 43 February 2012 If you have activated the Use absolute heights check box the layer depths Base are positive upwards i e the layer depths must be entered in mAD The soils are sorted according to depth by pressing the Sort button This is always done auto matically after leaving the dialog box You can also use this function to eliminate a soil from the table Simply assign the soil to be eliminated a greater layer depth and then click the Sort but ton The corresponding soil is now the last soil in the table and can be deleted by reducing the number of soils Any groundwater present does not need to be entered as a layer boundary the program does this automatically 6 2 6 Line loads menu item You will see the following dialog box I x Forw Back
20. 000 A zoom factor between 0 4 and 8 0 can be entered in the input box By then clicking on Use to exit the box the current factor is accepted By clicking on the 0 4 0 6 etc buttons the se lected factor is used directly and the dialog box closed It is much simpler however to get a complete overview using Esc Pressing Esc allows a com plete screen presentation using the zoom factor specified in this menu item The F2 key allows screen refreshing without altering the coordinates and zoom factor Zoom info menu item By clicking two diametrically opposed points you can enlarge a section of the screen in order to view details better An information box provides information on activating the zoom function and on available options Legend font selection menu item With this menu item you can switch to a different true type font All available true type fonts are displayed in the dialog box Pen colour and width menu item In order to enhance the clarity of the graphics you can edit the pen settings for various graphic elements e g loads groundwater etc You can edit the pen widths for the elements shown in the dialog box by clicking on the button with the element designation you can also edit the pen or fill colours On monochrome printers e g laser printers colours are shown in a corresponding grey scale Graphic elements employing very light colours may be difficult to see In such cases it makes sense
21. F is a common file format for transferring graphics between a variety of applications e GGUCAD file allows output of the graphics to a file in order to enable further processing with the GGUCAD program Compared to output as a DXF file this has the advantage that no loss of colour quality occurs during export e Clipboard The graphics are copied to the WINDOWS clipboard From there they can be imported in to other WINDOWS programs for further processing e g into a word processor In order to import into any other WINDOWS program you must generally use the Edit Paste function of the respective application e Metafile allows output of the graphics to a file in order to be further processed with third party soft ware Output is in the standardised EMF format Enhanced Metafile format Use of the Metafile format guarantees the best possible quality when transferring graphics If you select the Copy print area tool from the toolbar you can copy parts of the graphics to the clipboard or save them to an EMF file Alternatively you can send the marked area directly to your printer see Tips and tricks Section 7 3 Using the Mini CAD program module you can also import EMF files generated us ing other GGU applications into your graphics GGU TRENCH User Manual Page 16 of 43 February 2012 e MiniCAD allows export of the graphics to a file in order to enable importing to different GGU appli cations with the Mini CAD m
22. Stability analysis for diaphragm walls to DIN 4126 GGU TRENCH VERSION 8 Last revision February 2012 Copyright Prof Dr Johann Buf Technical implementation and sales Civilserve GmbH Steinfeld Contents Preface sissssssseccisetesssssdcbessiensecsssaseescheete vodegsseodcdessisssoacesossbscdiseseessecudesessvsesiaecssoees sedsosseutoseseses Licence protection and installation sssccscssssscssesssssessscssssscescsssessssenessessessessessesseses Starting the program e eeeeee esee ee eee enean setas etas eta seta sete sete stesse rsson ssr s n a Uu A QU N m i Language selection eee eee eee eee esee eese eese eren seen sete setas etos s asrasin oiaren D ZWEJEuIeU TA 5 1 General notes tpe Rea ei aa Fie ERES 6 5 2 Safety against groundwater ingress into the trench eese 6 5 3 Safety against slippage of single grains or grain groups eeeeeeene ee 7 5 4 Safety against slip surfaces endangering the stability of the trench 7 6 Description of menu items eese eee eee esses enses ense en ense sa suse tasse essences sees ense se ssseeseseees LO 6 1 BEl menuuilclvnseeR UU ERERMUOSGR EMINENS ee ee 10 GL New menudtem aen en deae e atqtie 10 6 1 2 Load menuetm gaben orm pee OR 11 6 1 3 Saye menu Mem iio EE EHE E Reiter iple 11 6 1 4 Save as menu ttem aiat tectae eee D
23. age number to page no 39 0 m Output to Cancel Printer File In the dialog box you can define output preferences e Printer preferences group box Using the Edit button the current printer preferences can be changed or a different printer selected Using the Save button all preferences from this dialog box can be saved to a file in order to have them available for a later session If you select GGU TRENCH drk as file name and save the file in the program folder default the file will be automatically loaded the next time you start the program Using the Page format button you can define amongst other things the size of the left margin and the number of rows per page The Header footer button allows you to enter a header and footer text for each page If the symbol appears within the text the current page number will be entered during printing e g Page The text size is given in Pts You can also change between Portrait and Landscape formats e Print pages group box If you do not wish pagination to begin with Z you can add an offset number to the check box This offset will be added to the current page number The output range is defined us ing From page no to page no e Output to group box Start output by clicking on Printer or File The file name can then be selected from or entered into the box If you select the Window button the results are sent
24. board and mouse You can scroll the screen with the keyboard using the cursor keys and the Page up and Page down keys By clicking and pulling with the mouse with Ctrl pressed you activate the zoom function i e the selected section will fill the screen Use the mouse wheel to zoom in or out of the screen view or to pan In addition scale and coordinates of the system graphics drawing area within the plotting mar gins can be altered directly using the mouse wheel The following mouse wheel functions are available Change system graphics new values can be checked in Page size margins Manual resize editor e Ctrl mouse wheel up enlarge system graphics change of scale e Ctrl mouse wheel down shrink system graphics change of scale e Shift mouse wheel up move system graphics up change in system coordinates e Shift mouse wheel down move system graphics down change in system coordinates e Shift Ctrl mouse wheel up move system graphics right change in system coordinates e Shift Ctrl mouse wheel down move system graphics left change in system coordinates Change screen coordinates e Mouse wheel up move screen image up e Mouse wheel down move screen image down e Alt Ctrl mouse wheel up enlarge screen image zoom in e Alt Ctrl mouse wheel down shrink screen image zoom out e Alt Shift mouse wheel up move screen image right e A
25. cs Soil colours Cancel a a You can define and edit the position of the legend using the values x and y You control the size of the legend using Font size The fastest way to modify the position of the legend is to press the F11 function key and then to pull the legend to the new position with the left mouse button pressed e Legend coloured The soil colours are displayed in the legend Otherwise they will be numbered e Automatic soil colours The soils are assigned soils colours automatically by the program If the check box is not selected the soil colours individually defined using the Soil colours button will be adopted e With depths The depths of the individual soil layers will be shown in the soil properties legend e Soil designations in main graphics The designations entered for the individual ground layers are displayed in the system graphics adjacent to the layer depths e Soil colours You will see a dialog box in which you can define your preferences After clicking the button with the desired number you can assign each soil layer a new number or reorganise using the Soil colours Reorganise command button You can save your colour prefer ences to a file with Soil colours Save and use them for different systems by means of the Soil colours Load command button In the lower group box you can also transfer the colour preferences to the Windows colour management dialog box or vice
26. current state of analysis including the system data You have the option of designing and printing the output table as an annex to your report within the GGU TRENCH program To do this select Output as graphics from the following op tions Select output x Select output Output as graphics Output as ASCII Cancel If you prefer to easily print or process the data in a different application you can send them di rectly to the printer or save them to a file using the Output as ASCII command button GGU TRENCH User Manual Page 11 of 43 February 2012 6 1 5 2 Button Output as graphics If you selected the Output as graphics button in the previous dialog box a further dialog box in which you can define further preferences for result presentation Graphical table preferences moo 8 00 You can define the desired layout for the output table in various areas of the dialog box If you need to add a header or footer e g for page numbering activate the appropriate check boxes With headers and or With footers and click on the Edit button You can then edit as re quired in a further dialog box GGU TRENCH User Manual Page 12 of 43 February 2012 Height Font size Height Footers mm 20 0 V with frame Font size mm 25 r Test C Leftjustfied Centered C Right justified Annex 4 1 Output table r Info place holder for page number place holder for no
27. ee etes eres 11 6 1 5 Print output table menu item seen nre nennen 11 6 1 5 1 Selecting the output format ener nennen 11 6 1 5 2 Button Output as graphics enne 12 6 1 5 3 Button Output as ASCH 5 ues nri rere ette ettet 14 6 1 6 Printer preferences menu item rennen ener 15 6 1 7 Print and export menu item seen a ea enne nre nnne 15 6 1 8 Batch punt Menu eM iue pet ap Oben 17 6 1 9 SEXT MENU Tern 2 so teach ete ede iie eerie dee 17 6 1107 2 34 menudtems utr oc tte be rete c ee ERE 17 6 2 Edit menu eo ea eh RERO TR TH ale a 18 6 2 1 Project identification menu item seeeseeeeeeeeeeenrenennen nennen 18 6 2 2 Verification concept menu item esesseeseeeeeeeeereneennen nennen enne enne nrenn enne 18 6 2 3 Diaphragm wall menu item eee enne enne nenne 19 6 2 4 Suspension GW menu item sseseeeeeeeeeeeeen eene ener eene nre 21 6 2 5 Soils menu itemi c nos iro ate eo HORAE nOn are ee 21 6 2 6 Line loads men tem eere heh eH Ree 22 6 27 Terrace menu item e pee ECCE e dS 23 6 2 8 Water pressure manually menu item eene eene 24 0 3 Systemummenu aestu ed RU NER 25 6 331 Analyse Menu Items aeia rae E aa aaor E lade e RO e e tid 25 6 3 2 Minimum safety factors menu item sese 26 6 3 3 Maximum utilisation factors menu item sse 26 6 3 4 Allowable FOS prefe
28. eneral page information Margins and borders menu item The program automatically draws thin cutting edges around the page which are required when using a plotter on paper rolls Page margins see menu item Page size margins Page size and margins defines the position of a frame as a distance to the cutting border This frame encloses the subsequent diagram You can switch off the lines by deactivating the With margins and With borders check boxes Toolbar preferences menu item After starting the program a horizontal toolbar for menu items appears below the program menu bar If you would rather work with a popup window with several columns you can specify your preferences using this menu item The smart icons can also be switched off At the bottom of the program window you find a status bar with further information You can also activate or switch off the status bar here The preferences will be saved in the GGU TRENCH alg file see menu item Graphics preferences Save graphics preferences and will be active at the next time the program is started By clicking on the tools smart icons for the menu items you can directly reach most of the pro gram functions The meaning of the smart icons appears as a text box if you hover with the mouse pointer over the tools Some of the tool functions cannot be activated from the normal menu items Hn Next page Previous page Using this icon you can navigate between the individual
29. erzaghi the lateral pressures increase follow ing an exponential function In order to model the curve precisely enough in the program it is possible to control the model points at which the lateral pressures after Terzaghi are computed using the Delta depth Terzaghi value In the lower group box any ground inclination and the value of the distributed load are defined In contrast to line loads the distributed load is always taken into consideration when de termining the friction forces acting on the wedge flanks GGU TRENCH User Manual Page 20 of 43 February 2012 6 2 4 Suspension GW menu item Using this menu item information is entered on the unit weight of the suspension the suspension surface level the liquid limit of the slurry fluid tauf and the groundwater level System sx Groundwater level m 3 00 Suspension surface m 0 20 Unit weight suspension at top kN rrr 10 300 Unit weight suspension at bottom kN rr 11 000 tauf suspension kN Zn 0 01000 Unit weight water kN Zn 10 00000 Cancel 6 2 5 Soils menu item The layering of the ground is described using this menu item After clicking on this menu item the following dialog box opens Soil properties x Forw Back Cancel Sort 2 soils to edit No Base gam f gam phi c di m kN n kM nv kN ne m 10 00 20 00 10 00 30 0 4 000E 4 Sand Designation 90 2 25 00 23
30. ic graph arrangement you can arrange them to suit your needs using the dialog box for this menu item First activate the Manually graph positions check box Graph positioning preferences x Automatic graph positions Manually graph positions Cancel Manually araph positions Graph name x m p 0 00 fs0 5 00 Penetration depth 10 00 F z 2 00 2 00 2 00 2 00 2 00 2 00 2 00 2 00 2 00 2 00 2 00 Supp force 15 00 Earth pr E 20 00 Body forces x 25 00 Body forces y 30 00 Reaction Ox 35 00 Reaction Oy 40 00 Lat pressure 45 00 SEEEELEEELR SEEEEEEELEE Water pressure 50 00 The graphs will be shown central at position x with the specified Width Depending on the verification concept selected the graph for the safety factor eta or the utilisation factor u can be modified The fastest way to modify the position of a graph is to press the F11 function key and then to pull the graph to the new position holding the left mouse button pressed GGU TRENCH User Manual Page 28 of 43 February 2012 6 3 7 Dimension lines menu item You can define a vertical and or horizontal dimension line for the graphics in order to emphasise and clarify the system dimensions If the dimension lines are displayed on the screen you can also open the following dialog box directly by double clicking on the dimension line Dimension lines x Horizontal dimension line v Dis
31. ion on your computer configuration and the folders used by GGU TRENCH GGU on the web menu item Using this menu item you can access the GGU Software website www ggu software com Keep in touch with new program versions and the regular download offers If you would like to be automatically notified about program innovations please register for the Newsletter in our Knowledge Base Go to the following website http kbase civilserve com GGU support menu item This menu item takes to the GGU Software Support area at www ggu software com Maxima menu item Here you can check the defaults for maximum values Help menu item The GGU TRENCH manual is opened as a PDF document The help function can also be ac cessed using the F1 function key What s new menu item You will see information on program improvements in comparison to older versions Language preferences menu item This menu item allows you to switch the menus and the graphics from German to English and vice versa To work in German deactivate the two check boxes Dialoge Men s bersetzen trans late dialogues menus und Graphiktexte bersetzen translate graphics Alternatively you can work bilingually e g with German dialog boxes but with graphic output in English The program always starts with the language setting applicable when it was last ended GGU TRENCH User Manual Page 37 of 43 February 2012 7 Tips and tricks 7 1 Key
32. is not activated this will be in m GGU TRENCH User Manual Page 10 of 43 February 2012 6 1 2 6 1 4 6 1 5 Load menu item You can load a filewith system data which was created and saved at a previous sitting and then edit the system Save menu item You can save data entered or edited during program use to a file in order to have them available at a later date or to archive them The data is saved without prompting with the name of the current file Loading again later creates exactly the same presentation as was present at the time of saving Save as menu item You can save data entered during program use to an existing file or to a new file i e using a new file name For reasons of clarity it makes sense to use scl as file suffix as this is the suffix used in the file requester box for the menu item File Load If you choose not to enter an extension when saving Sscl will be used automatically If at the time of saving the current system has been analysed you can decide in a dialog box whether to save the analysis results with the document If you select No here you must reanalyse the file if it is opened again later Print output table menu item 6 1 5 1 Selecting the output format You can have a table printed containing the current analysis results The results can be sent to the printer or to a file e g for further editing in a word processor The output contains all informa tion on the
33. lt Shift mouse wheel down move screen image left GGU TRENCH User Manual Page 38 of 43 February 2012 If you click the right mouse button anywhere on the screen a context menu containing the princi pal menu items opens Diaphragm wall Suspension GW Soils Line loads Terrace Analyse Print output table Graphics output preferences Print and export By double clicking the left mouse button on legends dimension lines or Mini CAD objects the editor for the selected object immediately opens allowing it to be edited If you double click in the system graphics with the left mouse button you will see a result box with the results at the selected depth This gives you a quick overview of the results for any de sired depth 7 2 Function keys Some of the function keys are assigned program functions The allocations are noted after the corresponding menu items The individual function key allocations are e Esc refreshes the screen contents and sets the screen back to the given format This is useful if for example you have used the zoom function to display parts of the screen and would like to quickly return to a complete overview e F1 opens the manual file e F2 refreshes the screen without altering the current magnification e F5 opens the menu item System Analyse e F6 opens the menu item System Minimum safety factors when using global safety factor concept e F6 opens the menu item S
34. ne for full screen display 30 Zoom function activate 30 32 38 GGU TRENCH User Manual Page 43 of 43 February 2012
35. not bring with it any substantial changes The old standard requires the following verification for the stability of the trench see Table 2 in old DIN 4126 S W n gt 11 or 1 3 The new standard requires the following verification Yu S W y E20 where yg 1 0 and yg 1 1 or 1 3 see Table 4 in DIN 4126 Aug 2004 Solved for yg we get Ves Mw gt 11 or 1 3 which corresponds to the relationship given in DIN 4126 old 5 2 Safety against groundwater ingress into the trench The program calculates the pressure exerted by the slurry p and the pressure exerted by the groundwater p at the toe of the diaphragm wall The FOS eta gw is then eta gw ps Pw The old DIN 4126 9 1 1 and DIN 4126 Aug 2004 6 1 require a safety factor of 1 05 GGU TRENCH User Manual Page 6 of 43 February 2012 5 3 5 4 Safety against slippage of single grains or grain groups The safety against slippage of single grains or grain groups eta i also known as inner stability is calculated pursuant to old DIN 4126 Section 9 1 2 from eta i tr dio y tan g The program simplifies y by adopting the buoyant effective unit weight of the soil The old DIN 4126 9 1 2 and DIN 4126 Aug 2004 6 2 require a safety factor of 1 0 Safety against slip surfaces endangering the stability of the trench The safety against slip surfaces endangering the stability of the trench eta a also known as exter nal stabilit
36. nt output table Print section Print several files eere Printer preferences sess Program display name in legend 33 Program show improvements icd Program show information eM Project data add via Mini CAD EE Project identification display 33 Project identification enter 18 R Reaction forces display in result graphics 27 Reduction cohesion eee Reduction support force in suspension S Safety concept select sss 10 Safety factor concept change 18 Scale alter with mouse eeeeeee 35 Scale define using an editor 35 Scale determine automatically 99 Scroll the screen 38 Shoulder theory Silo thE iore tied RE 7 Slip surface angle define range of variation 20 Slip surface angle influence in ep calculation 9 Smart icons for menu items ssss 31 Soil designations activate presentation in system graphics ieee eseeseeeeeeeees 34 Soil layer define delete 22 Soil properties define sesssss 21 Soil colours numbers ccccccccesseeeesseeeessees 34 Stability external Stability inner Stability trench
37. odule e GGUMiniCAD allows export of the graphics to a file in order to enable processing in the GGUMiniCAD program e Cancel Printing is cancelled 6 1 8 Batch print menu item If you would like to print several appendices at once select this menu item You will see the fol lowing dialog box Batchprmten x Printer Cancel Add Delete all Delete File list C Example 3 scl C Example 2 scl C Example 1 scl Create a list of files for printing using Add and selecting the desired files The number of files is displayed in the dialog box header Using Delete you can mark and delete selected individual files from the list After selecting the Delete all button you can compile a new list Selection of the desired printer and printer preferences is achieved by pressing the Printer button You then start printing by using the Print button In the dialog box which then appears you can select further preferences for printer output such as e g the number of copies These preferences will be applied to all files in the list 6 1 9 Exit menu item After a confirmation prompt you can quit the program 6 1 10 1 2 3 4 menu items The 1 2 3 4 menu items show the last four files worked on By selecting one of these menu items the listed file will be loaded If you have saved files in any other folder than the program folder you can save yourself the occasionally onerous rummaging through various
38. on reduction to DIN 4126 old 9 Colour switch on off 32 Colour pens define for graphical elements 30 Colours soils eno onnene tes 34 Company letterhead add via Mini CAD 3l Context menu open eseeseeeeeeen 39 Coordinates alter using an editor 35 Coordinates alter with mouse 35 Coordinates optimise reset 42935 Coordinates save load sess 35 Copy print area eee eee 16 32 40 Cutting borders switch on off 31 36 D di define ose eek PE ye 21 dij select nit acces 10 Dataset description display 433 Dataset description enter 18 Delete line loads 23 Delete soil layer eee 22 Delta depth Terzaghi sess 20 Depth distribution lateral pressure stress 7 Diaphragm wall define Dimension lines define DIN 4126 old Aug 2004 verifications 6 DIN 4126 100 select for analysis 10 18 Distributed loads consider 8 Distributed loads define sss 20 Drawing area Drawing area define DXF file export DXF file import eese eene ennt Earth pressure wedge sss 7 Earth pressure approach instead of suspension pressure
39. ou decide whether the necessary verifications are to be performed using the partial safety fac tors to DIN 4126 2004 or using the global safety factors to the old DIN 4126 In order to guaran tee the compatibility of the older records it is still possible to select DIN 4126 100 here Eurocode 7 with national annex DIN 1054 2010 refers to the DIN 4126 2004 For the sake of formality the expression DIN 4126 can be prefixed by EC 7 when printing Just activate the Add EC 7 designation check box You can enter a project identification which will subsequently be entered in the General legend see Section 6 4 8 If you activate the Use absolute heights check box all information with regard to trench depth guide wall depth suspension level groundwater level and depth of soil layers can be given in absolute heights e g in m AD In the dialog box for diaphragm wall input see menu item Edit Diaphragm wall Section 6 2 3 the height of the ground level must then also be entered in absolute figures In all relevant dialog boxes the input value will be shown as m AD instead of m This simply provides clarity You are of course free to select a reference level other than m AD If you do not activate the Use absolute heights check box ground level is assumed to be 0 0 m and all depth information is positive downwards Here you can predefine the unit for the d10 soil property see Section 6 2 5 Edit Soils If the check box
40. ow standard m Display file name None Shot Long Cancel If wanted a given heading can be used You can define and edit the position of the legend using the values x value and y value You control the size of the legend using Font size and Max no of rows where necessary several columns are used The fastest way to modify the position of the legend is to press the F11 function key and then to pull the legend to the new position with the left mouse button pressed In the General legend you can if wished display information on the program name and version and on the adopted standard Any project identification entered using the menu items File New or Edit Project identification will be shown in the general legend The file name can be switched off None option button or be displayed automatically with or without the path by selecting the appropriate Short or Long option button GGU TRENCH User Manual Page 33 of 43 February 2012 6 4 9 Soil properties legend menu item A legend with the soil properties s of the individual layers will be displayed on your output sheet if you have clicked the Show legend check box Using this menu item you can alter the type of presentation or turn off the legend completely x v Show legend x value 35 00 y value 278 00 Font size mm 25 v Legend coloured Automatic soil colours With depths Soil designations in main graphi
41. play Decimal places 2 Font size mm 2 0 y position m 2 00 r Vertical dimension line v Display Decimal places 2 With layer depths Font size mm 20 x position m 5 00 Cancel The distance to the diaphragm wall is defined by means of the y position for the horizontal dimension line and x position for the vertical dimension line All values are in metres in the scale selected see the menu item Page size margins Manual resize editor in Section 6 5 3 The fastest way to modify the position of the dimension line is to press the F11 function key and then to pull the legend to the new position with the left mouse button pressed GGU TRENCH User Manual Page 29 of 43 February 2012 6 4 6 4 1 6 4 2 6 4 3 6 4 4 Graphics preferences menu Refresh and zoom menu item The program works on the principle of What you see is what you get This means that the screen presentation represents overall what you will see on your printer In the last consequence this would mean that the screen presentation would have to be refreshed after every alteration you make For reasons of efficiency and as this can take several seconds for complex screen contents the screen is not refreshed after every alteration If e g after using the zoom function see below only part of the image is visible you can achieve a complete view using this menu item Use current zoom of 1
42. rences menu item esee 26 6 3 5 Graphics output preferences menu item sse 27 6 3 6 Graph positioning preferences menu item 28 6 3 7 Dimension lines menu item 0 0 eee eeeeeeceeeseceseeeeesecseesecneeeeceaeceeesecseeseenaeseeeas 29 GGU TRENCH User Manual Page 2 of 43 February 2012 6 4 Graphics preferences menu addat hist ested ee eta e ae 30 6 4 1 Refresh and zoom menu item cece ceecceseceeceeeceeecececseeeseeeseeeeeeeeeeeeesereneenaes 30 6 4 2 Zoom info menu item n egni e a a a E E 30 6 4 3 Legend font selection menu item sese eene nennen 30 6 4 4 Pen colour and width menu item sssssssseseeeeeneeeneneeenenen enne 30 6 4 5 Mini CAD toolbar and Header toolbar menu items ssssssssse 31 6 4 6 Margins and borders menu item seen eene 31 6 4 7 Toolbar preferences menu item sese 31 6 4 8 General legend menu item ee eese nennen nennen nennen 33 6 4 9 Soil properties legend menu item eee cece eeeceeeeeceseceeesecaeeseeneeeeesaeeaeeaecneeees 34 6 4 10 Move objects menu item eseeseeseeeneeeneneen rennen nennen nee inneren 35 6 4 11 Save graphics preferences menu item ssseeseeeeeeeeereren enne 35 6 4 12 Load graphics preferences menu item esee 35 6 5 Page MENU P 35 6 5 1 Auto resize menu items ieie erie iire
43. represents overall what you will see on your printer In the last consequence this would mean that the screen presentation would have to be refreshed after every alteration you make For reasons of efficiency and as this can take several seconds for complex screen contents the GGU TRENCH screen is not refreshed after every alteration If you would like to refresh the screen contents press either F2 or Esc The Esc key addi tionally sets the screen presentation back to your current zoom which has the default value 1 0 corresponding to an A3 format sheet GGU TRENCH User Manual Page 5 of 43 February 2012 5 Analysis principles 5 1 General notes Four safety factors must be determined to verify the stability of a diaphragm wall 1 Safety against groundwater ingress DIN 4126 old 9 1 1 or DIN 4126 Aug 2004 6 1 2 Safety against slippage of single grains or grain groups DIN 4126 old 9 1 2 or DIN 4126 Aug 2004 6 2 3 Safety against the slurry level falling below the minimum level required for stability DIN 4126 old 9 1 2 or DIN 4126 Aug 2004 6 3 4 Safety against slip surfaces endangering the stability of the trench DIN 4126 old 9 1 2 or DIN 4126 Aug 2004 6 4 The verifications for 1 2 and 4 are performed by the program A verification for 3 must be esti mated pursuant to DIN 4126 old 9 1 3 or DIN 4126 Aug 2004 6 3 In comparison to the old safety factor concept the new DIN 4126 Aug 2004 does
44. sis If you activate this checkbox the failure planes for the current analysis are displayed on the screen Interesting to look at however this does cost more time e OK After clicking this button you will see a message box with information on the current pref erences You can deactivate these messages The system will then be analysed Once this has been done you will be presented with information on the principal analysis results in an info box After closing the info box detailed analysis results are presented graphically on the screen in a legend see Section 6 4 8 Even more detailed analysis results can be displayed using the menu item File Print output table see Section 6 1 5 Minimum safety factors menu item After an analysis performed using the old global safety factor concept you can view the minimum safety factors computed in a message box without having to reanalyse the system The same mes sage box opens the dialog box is the same as that displayed upon completion of analysis see Section 6 3 1 Maximum utilisation factors menu item After an analysis performed using the new partial safety factor concept you can view the maxi mum utilisation factors computed in a message box without having to reanalyse the system The same message box opens the dialog box is the same as that displayed upon completion of analysis see Section 6 3 1 Allowable FOS preferences menu item DIN 4126 demands a FOS of 1 1 or 1 3
45. suspension is adopted e At rest pr in front of wall with distributed load If this check box is activated any distributed loads are taken into consideration for compu tation of the at rest pressure e At rest pr in front of wall with line load If this check box is activated any line loads are taken into consideration for computation of the at rest pressure If you activate the line load check box but have entered the line loads with a factor for the lateral pressure of 0 0 the check box has no affect A corresponding message will be dis played before analysis commences e Cohesion safety factor Enter the cohesion safety factor here In accordance with DIN 4126 9 1 4 1 and DIN 4126 100 7 4 3 the cohesion may only be adopted with the reduced value of red c cal c eta c whereby a value for eta c of 1 5 is given If higher safety is required the cohesion in the region of the slip surface and the flanks can be further reduced You must then enter a value 1 0 for Slip surface cohesion factor and Flank cohesion factor The cohesion values reduced by eta c are multiplied by this factor GGU TRENCH User Manual Page 25 of 43 February 2012 6 3 2 6 3 3 6 3 4 e Slip surface cohesion factor You can enter a factor lt 1 0 to further reduce the cohesion values e Flank cohesion factor You can enter a factor lt 1 0 to further reduce the cohesion values e Show failure planes during analy
46. t double click in a legend to do this 6 5 5 Page size and margins menu item The default page set up is A3 when the program is started You can edit the page format in the following dialog box Page size and margins x Edit page size and margins m Page in general Height 237 00 Width 420 00 r Page margin in mm Left 25 00 Right 8 00 Top 8 00 Bottom 8 00 m Plot margin in mm Left 25 00 Right 8 00 Top 50 00 Bottom 25 00 V with borders V with margins Cancel e Page in general defines the size of the output sheet The A3 format is set as default The program automatically draws thin cutting borders around the page which are required when using a plotter on paper rolls The borders can be switched off using the With bor ders check box e Page margin defines the position of a frame as a distance to the margins This frame en closes the subsequent diagram You can switch off the frame deactivating the With mar gins check box e The Plot margin define a set distance between the page margin and the actual drawing area in which the graphical evaluation of your input is presented GGU TRENCH User Manual Page 36 of 43 February 2012 6 6 6 6 1 6 6 2 6 6 3 6 6 4 6 6 5 6 6 6 6 6 7 menu Copyright menu item You will see a copyright message and information on the program version number The System button shows informat
47. t of slurry fluid define Loads activate unit display Loads define presentation height M Manual open as PDF file 37 Maximum values display for system 37 Metafile export enhn 16 Mini CAD file export eee 17 Mini CAD use 31 Mouse click functions ste 39 Mouse wheel functions esses 38 Navigation output table sess 31 O Output table as ASCII sess 14 Output table as graphics eee Output table navigation 13 Output table select the output format zd Output table switch to system graphics 31 P Page format margins define 36 Page margins switch on off 31 36 Page section copy print 32 40 Pagination automatic 13 14 Partial safety factors define 18 Partial safety factors DIN infos 18 Partial safety factors verifications 6 Pen preferences edit for graphical elements 30 Plot margins define sss 36 Point loads consider sess 8 Potential display in result graphics 27 Preferences program esee 35 Pressure gradient Print graphics Pri
48. the printer the image will be printed to several pages in the above ex ample 4 In order to facilitate better re connection of the images the possibility of enter ing an overlap for each page in x and y direction is given Alternatively you also have the possibility of selecting a smaller zoom factor ensuring output to one page Fit to page button Following this you can enlarge to the original format on a copying machine to en sure true scaling Furthermore you may enter the number of copies to be printed GGU TRENCH User Manual Page 15 of 43 February 2012 If you have activated the tabular representation on the screen you will see a different dia log box for output by means of the File Print and export menu item button Printer Print several pages x r Page sizes Output device civilbsdcO1 Lexmark T630 Output device mm 197 y 285 Printer Printer prefs change printer Portrait Dutput v Fit in automatically Zoom factor 1000 No of copies I First page nh H Last page hn H Cancel Here you can select the table pages to be printed In order to achieve output with a zoom factor of 1 button Fit in automatically is deactivated you must adjust the page format to suit the size format of the output device To do this use the dialog box in File Print output table button Output as graphics e DXF file allows output of the graphics to a DXF file DX
49. tion key 6 5 2 Manual resize mouse menu item You can use the coordinates of a section of the visualisation as the new image coordinates by marking the desired area with the mouse pressing the left mouse button and holding the Ctrl and Shift keys The scales of the x and y axes are adjusted accordingly If the previous propor tions scale x direction scale y direction need to be retained the Proportional section check box must be activated Alternatively you can simply Redefine origin of the visualisation The previous scale prefer ences are not affected by this 6 5 3 Manual resize editor menu item You can alter the image coordinates by direct numerical input in a dialog box This allows precise scale input The coordinates refer to the drawing area This can be defined in the Page size and margins menu item by means of the plot margins see Section 6 5 5 The image coordinates entered here can be saved in a file with the extension bxy and be re loaded later for the same file or for different files If you want to recover the previous values during input or use the menu item again after editing the coordinates you can do this by pressing the Old values button GGU TRENCH User Manual Page 35 of 43 February 2012 6 5 4 Font size selection menu item You can edit font sizes for labelling the various drawing elements The font sizes of text within legends are edited in the respective legend editor Jus
50. to a separate window Further text editing options are available in this window as well as loading sav ing and printing GGU TRENCH User Manual Page 14 of 43 February 2012 6 1 6 Printer preferences menu item You can edit printer preferences e g swap between portrait and landscape or change the printer in accordance with WINDOWS conventions 6 1 7 Print and export menu item You can select your output format in a dialog box You have the following possibilities e Printer allows graphic output of the current screen contents graphical representation to the WINDOWS standard printer or to any other printer selected using the menu item File Printer preferences But you may also select a different printer in the following dialog box by pressing the Printer prefs change printer button ME l r Page sizes Output device civil serverLexmark T630 Output device mm 286 y 201 Image mm 420 0 y 237 0 Printer Printer prefs change printer Landscape Output preferences Zoom factor 1 000 Fit to page Page overlap x mm 0 000 Page overlap y mm 0 000 Output of 4 pages 2 wide Print pages EN to a m No of copies Bm Cancel In the upper group box the maximum dimensions which the printer can accept are given Below this the dimensions of the image to be printed are given If the image is larger than the output format of
51. to edit the colour preferences GGU TRENCH User Manual Page 30 of 43 February 2012 6 4 5 6 4 6 6 4 7 Mini CAD toolbar and Header toolbar menu items Using these two menu items you can add free text to the graphics and add lines circles polygons and images e g files in formats BMP JPG PSP TIF etc The same pop up menu opens for both menu items the icons and functions used are described in more detail in the Mini CAD manual provided The differences between the Mini CAD and Header CAD are as follows e Objects created with Mini CAD are based on the coordinate system generally in metres in which the drawing is produced and are shown accordingly You should use the Mini CAD toolbar when you wish to add information to the system for example labelling of slope inclinations or the location of any foundations e Objects created with the Header CAD are based on the page format in mm This makes you independent of the coordinate system and keeps you in the same position on the page You should select the Header toolbar if you wish to place general information on the drawing company logo report numbers plan numbers stamp etc Once you have saved the header information to disk see Mini CAD user manual you can load it into com pletely different systems with different system coordinates The saved header information will appear in exactly the same position on the page which greatly simplifies the creation of g
52. to the loads from line loads soil self weight friction forces resulting from both cohesion and the friction angle on both flanks and the cohesion force on the front of the wall The reaction force Q is the force resulting from the friction angle on the front of the wall The lateral pressure is represented without a com ponent from any line loads present with a factor for the lateral pressure of gt 0 0 If you analysed using a user defined water pressure see Section 6 2 8 the screen graphics will display a diagram with the water pressure distribution In the combo box you are given the option of displaying the potential or the gradient instead of the water pressure Line loads and distributed loads are shown in the graphics at the height specified in the Presenta tion height loads field If you deactivate the Same height for all check box the largest load is displayed with the specified value and the remaining smaller loads displayed in proportion to this The unit can also be displayed by activating the Show unit check box The program automatically scales the graph width to fit If the system coordinates are modified e g using Page size margins Manual resize editor Section 6 5 3 or by adding further graphics all graphs are rearranged uniformly within the available space GGU TRENCH User Manual Page 27 of 43 February 2012 6 3 6 Graph positioning preferences menu item If you are not happy with the automat
53. versa as user defined colour preferences for example You can read a further description by pressing the Info button GGU TRENCH User Manual Page 34 of 43 February 2012 6 4 10 Move objects menu item Select this menu item in order to position legends diagrams or other graphical elements at the desired position on the output sheet You can also move objects by pressing F11 and then posi tioning the legend box with the left mouse button pressed In that case an info box appears no more 6 4 11 Save graphics preferences menu item Some of the preferences you made with the menu items of the Graphics preferences menu can be saved to a file If you select GGU TRENCH alg as file name and save the file on the same level as the program the data will be automatically loaded the next time the program is started and need not be entered again 6 4 12 Load graphics preferences menu item You can reload a graphics preferences file into the program which was saved using the Graph ics preferences Save graphics preferences menu item Only the corresponding data will be refreshed 6 5 Page menu 6 5 1 Auto resize menu item This menu item provides a to scale visualisation in both x and y coordinates of the system and result graphics If you have previously altered the image coordinates graphically or via editor you can quickly achieve a complete view using this menu item This function can also be accessed using the F9 func
54. water pressures to edit No Depth Water pressure mNN kN rr 1 53 00 0 000 2 36 00 170 000 To enter your water pressure distribution first activate the Calculate using water pressure manually check box and then define the number of polygon model points after clicking the button marked x water pressures to edit Then enter your data Upwardly or downwardly directed gradients i may result as a consequence of user defined water pressure distributions thereby increasing or decreasing the unit weight of the soil The change in unit weight is equal to i yw and can be taken into consideration by activating the check box GGU TRENCH User Manual Page 24 of 43 February 2012 6 3 System menu 6 3 1 Analyse menu item You see the following dialog box in which you can define further preferences for the type of analysis Start analysis x MV Analysis with at rest pr in front of guide wall v Atrest pr in front of quide wall with distributed load Atrest pr in front of quide wall with line load Cohesion safety factor 1 500 pursuant to DIN 4126 1 5 Slip surface cohesion factor 1 000 Flank cohesion factor 1 000 factors are only additional braces v Show failure planes during analysis Cancel e Analysis with at rest pr in front of guide wall If this check box is activated the guide wall is analysed with at rest pressure If the check box is not activated the force from the
55. y is calculated pursuant to the old DIN 4126 from eta a S W E S support force of the suspension kN W water pressure exerted by groundwater kN E earth pressure kN The numerator is obtained from the hydrostatic supporting pressure of the suspension reduced by the water pressure W from groundwater Because of the finite length of the trench the current earth pressure problem can no longer be treated as a plane earth pressure case The default method used in the program is the so called shoulder theory as shown in Figure 7 of DIN 4126 old This employs a finite triangular earth pressure wedge The friction forces generated on both flanks of the wedge are utilised for consideration of equilibrium conditions which gives higher factors of safety as opposed to the plane situation Friction forces on both flanks ensue from the self weight of the soil the distributed load and if required any line loads present A linear increase in the lateral pressure stress consistent with the unit weight of the soil is assumed to a depth equal to the width of the trench Below this depth the lateral pressure stress is constant This method is there fore also known as bilinear DIN 4126 old demands a FOS of 1 1 or 1 3 if loads from struc tures act in the critical area With regard to their influence on the lateral pressure stress any dis tributed loads present are assumed to decrease linearly from the ground surface full distributed load
56. ystem Maximum utilisation factors when using partial safety factor concept e F9 opens the menu item Page size margins Auto resize e F11 activates the menu item Graphics preferences Move objects GGU TRENCH User Manual Page 39 of 43 February 2012 7 3 Copy print area icon A dialog box opens when the Copy print area icon in the menu toolbar is clicked de scribing the options available for this function For example using this icon it is possible to either copy areas of the screen graphics and paste them into the report or send them directly to a printer In the dialog box first select where the copied area should be transferred to Clipboard File or Printer The cursor is displayed as a cross after leaving the dialog box and keeping the left mouse button pressed the required area may be enclosed If the marked area does not suit your requirements abort the subsequent boxes and restart the function by clicking the icon again If Clipboard was selected move to the MS Word document for example after marking the area and paste the copied graphics using Edit Paste If File was selected the following dialog box opens once the area has been defined Luu 7 7 4 File C Program Files x86 GGU S oftware GGU T RENCH Image0 emf generated Rename Delete The default location of the file is the folder from which the program is started and if several files are created
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