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ROAD-E-O Manual.indd - Solid Waste Association of North America

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1. chapter name chapter SWANA Solid Waste Association of North America Road E O Manual 2011 ded APPENDIX B SWANA INTERNATIONAL ROAD E O PARTICIPANT REQUEST AND RELEASE FORM l hereby request the opportunity to print name participate in the International Road E O sponsored by type of equipment at on chapter name location date In consideration of the opportunity to participate in the Road E O Program do hereby for myself my heirs personal representatives and assigns release and discharge the Solid Waste Association of North America SWANA and the sponsor their respective agents employees and officers from all claims demands suits actions and causes of action of any kind for bodily injuries sustained by me and for damage to and or loss of personal property arising out of my participation in the program understand that participation in the program involves certain inherent risks and potential hazards which have considered and which knowingly assume have read this Request and Release and understand all of its terms and execute it voluntarily Signature Solid Waste Association of North America Road E O Manual 2011 AD APPENDIX C SWANA SOLID WASTE ASSOCIATION SCOREKEEPER S SHEET of Nerth America Contestants Time Finished Solid Waste Association of North America Road E O Manual 2011 i APPENDIX D SWANA SCORING PRINCIPLES SOLID WASTE ASSOCIATION Scoring
2. 46 Solid Waste Association of North America Road E O Manual 2011 out of bounds The competitor is to then go in reverse until the front end of machine has passed the plane of the second set of barrels without going out of bounds Performing this maneuver correctly results in four 4 points The competitor then goes forward through the second set of barrels spaced four 4 inches wider than the machine If no contact with the barrel occurs the competitor receives two 2 points Articulated Loader Only After entering the first set of barrels at Station 3 the competitor picks up a load of soil The competitor then goes in reverse between the second set of barrels and then goes forward through the third set of barrels and drops of soil Completing this maneuver successfully without coming in contact with any barrels results in four 4 points The competitor would then go forward through the fourth set of barrels STATION 4 Fifty feet 75 feet from Station 3 the machine in one continuous motion is to approach the blade drop Barrel going forward with the blade of the machine below the top of the barrel The competitor should bring the blade in firm contact with the soil leaving a mark in the soil The judge will then wave the competitor off to continue onto Station 5 The judge will measure from the center of the blade mark in the soil to the barrel If the measurement is 0 6 0 12 for dozer and compactor the competitor will receive fo
3. FRONT BRAKE Slack adjuster chamber O Hoe oo Dum SCS Not all trucks are equipped with these items Points are automatic when these items are not applicable PRE TRIP INSPECTION CHECKLIST DRIVER FUEL AREA Fuel tank leaks Battery box REAR WHEELS mm E Rims un E NE mE Springs ooo O Springmounts o Shockabsorbers REAR BRAKE Slack adjuster E Chambers FRONT OF VEHICLE lights Steering box hoses S Ez Steering linkage Driveshaft Exhaust system _ Frame REAR OF VEHICLE Light reflectors E Mud flap splash guard p Doors tiles lifts m CITY OF MESA VEHICLE ONLY Differential lock 3 Rear body lift hinges L3 Solid Waste Association of North America Road E O Manual 2011 37 du APPENDIX M SWANA PRE TRIP INSPECTION SCORECARD SOLID WASTE AM ASSOCATON Contestant s Name Equipment Class rear loader side loader front loader roll off transfer tractor trailer EVENT POINTS REWARDED CDL Pre Trip Po 56 possible points Air Brake Procedure ii 25 possible points Combination Vehicle Transfer Trailer Truck Only DE 34 possible points Solid Waste Association of North America Road E O Manual 2011 AIR BRAKE TEST TEST AIR LEAKAGE RATE With a fully charged air system typically 120 psi 800 kPa turn off the engine release the parking brake and check the air pressure loss rate The loss rate should be less than two psi 13 8 kPa i
4. Itis strongly suggested that trophies and or plaques be given to all 1st 2nd and 3rd place winners of the competition Major Items of Expense to be Considered The following are the primary items of expense that may be incurred when hosting a Road E O 1 Pylons barriers fences and lumber rented borrowed or purchased 2 Materials for making the course tape barrels measuring sticks or paint w Any liability and property damage insurance coverage provided through SWANA Headquarters or other source Awards and mementos such as trophies cash awards t shirts and caps Spectator grandstands or seats A public address system Field course space rental if rental is required Restroom facilities Publications and promotional materials as needed Refreshments and refreshment stand equipped to accommodate participants throughout the day ce d DH VI mcm A scoreboard some chapters use 2 laptops with paper scoring sheets entered into spreadsheets amp use 1 sheet for trucks and another for the landfill competitions Tents for cover and tables and chairs for scorekeepers w N A photographer Solid Waste Association of North America Road E O Manual 2011 It may be possible to borrow a number of the needed items from regional sources such as local police departments construction companies and highway departments Organizations such as the local Chamber of Commerce unions Jaycees civic associations churc
5. This event tests the driver s ability to maneuver a vehicle in and out of tight places in a forward and backward motion It simulates conditions that might be encountered when wrecked vehicles on the highway cause jams and the driver must drive into and then back out of the situation SCORE 50 points is a perfect score DEMERITS 5 points for each instance of stopping 15 points for hitting a barrel or crossing the curb line of the street TIME No score if over three minutes PROBLEM DIMENSIONS The distance between each barrel center to center should be Straight truck 32 feet Tractor semi trailer 36 to 50 feet depending on the type and size of equipment for example a 45 foot trailer uses a 45 foot distance while a 50 foot trailer would use a 50 foot distance WIDTH OF STREET 50 feet BARRIERS Any oil drum or similar object will serve as barriers SPECIAL LIMITATIONS Tractor trailers will not be required to drive the course in reverse Instead they will be required to drive a straight line equivalent in distance to the serpentine in reverse Solid Waste Association of North America Road E O Manual 2011 RIGHT HAND EVENT The driver is required to drive the vehicle in a continuous movement through a close right hand turn PURPOSE This event tests the driver s ability to maneuver the vehicle through close turns without impacting on curbs walls abutments or parked vehicles SCORE 50 points is a per
6. d ROAD E O 2 MANUAL SOLID WASTE ASSOCIATION of North America SWANA RO D E OMISSI ON To provide operators of solid waste collection and landfill equipment an opportunity to showcase their skills TABLE OF CONTENTS Road E O General Information Introduction 5 Planning Details 5 Competitor Qualifications 7 Who Can Participate in the International Event 8 International Competitor Costs 8 General Competition Rules 8 International Competition Rules 10 SWANA Truck Drivers Road E O Introduction 11 Planning Details 11 Driver Qualifications 11 Type of Equipment to be Used 12 Competition 12 Full Course Diagram 14 Road E O Events Off Set 15 Serpentine 16 Right Hand 17 Straight Line 18 Stop Line 19 Parallel Parking 20 Alley Backup 22 Appendices A International Road E O Contestant s Application Form 24 B International Road E O Participant Request and Release Form 26 C International Road E O Scorekeeper s Sheet 27 D International Road E O Scoring Principles 28 E International Road E O Contestant s Cumulative Scorecard 29 F Chapter Road E O Contestant s Application Form 30 G Chapter Road E O Participant Request and Release Form 31 H Chapter Road E O Truck Drivers Sample Exam 32 l Chapter Road E O Scorekeeper s Sheet 33 Ji Chapter Road E O Scoring Principles 34 K Chapter Road E O Contestant s Cumulative Scorecard 35 L Chapter Road E O Pre Trip Inspection Procedures 36 Pre Trip Inspection Checklist 37 M
7. within 15 to 18 inches of curb 25 points within 18 to 24 inches of curb No score over 24 inches bumper is over curb or body overhangs curb at middle of truck POSITION MEASUREMENT For scoring purposes measurements will be taken from the midpoint of the body marked on the front side and back prior to the competition s commencement for straight trucks and for semi trailers at the middle of the trailer there will be no score if the body overhangs the curb for either type of truck In the straight truck class the driver must fit the truck completely into the parking space The semi trailer driver must spot the trailer in the space with the tractor in a jack knife position The measurement from the midpoint as marked shall determine position score DEMERITS 15 points for each instance of striking the curb with rear wheels except when unparking 15 points for each instance of striking or brushing the front or rear barrier 5 points for each instance of crossing the curb line on the far side of the street 5 points for each instance of taking more than one free pull up in getting in and more than one free pull up in getting out TIME AND PROBLEM DIMENSIONS No score over three minutes WIDTH OF STREET 40 feet LENGTH OF PARKING SPACE e Straight truck length of vehicle plus eight feet e Tractor semi trailer length of semi trailer plus six feet BARRIERS Extend 8 feet 6 inches into the street from th
8. Chapter Road E O Pre Trip Inspection Score Card 38 Air Brake Test 39 Combination Vehicle Test 40 Solid Waste Association of North America Road E O Manual 2011 Sanitary Landfill Equipment Operators Road E O Qualification 41 Types of Equipment 41 Competitor s Position 41 Contest Location 41 Contest Description 41 Course Rules 42 Operator Maintenance amp Safety Check 42 Equipment Operating Skills Test 43 Vehicle Inspection Scorecard 44 Description of Stations 46 Cumulative Scorecard Compactor Articulated Loader amp Track Machine 48 Skills Test Course Scrapers 49 Skills Test Course Articulated Dump Truck 50 Cumulative Scorecard Scrapers 51 Cumulative Scorecard Articulated Dump Truck 52 Skills Test Course Maps Compactor amp Track Machine 53 Articulated Rubber Tire Loader 54 Scrapers 55 Articulated Dump Truck 56 SWANA Mechanics Road E O Introduction 57 General Information 57 Written Test Rules 58 Troubleshooting Contest Rules 58 Pre Trip Inspection 59 Scoring 59 Cumulative Scorecard 60 SWANA Mechanics Road E O Study Guide Practice Test 61 Answer Key 69 Solid Waste Association of North America Road E O Manual 2011 SWANA ROAD E Os INTRODUCTION Background amp Rationale Beginning in 1992 SWANAs International Road E O has been held independently from the Association s Annual Exposition WASTECON The last International Road E O that was held in conjunction with WASTECON took place in
9. Tie Breaker In the event two or more contestants have the same final score in the first second or third place positions the following should apply Forties occurring in the final score the tiebreaker shall be the least amount of time lapsed For ties occurring in the final score and time lapsed the tiebreaker shall be decided with the toss of a coin heads being the winner The decision of which contestant will be heads and which contestant will be tails shall be that of the chief judge Adjudication Questions challenges of scoring and interpretation of the rules shall be adjudicated by the Chief Judge whose decisions shall be final Solid Waste Association of North America Road E O Manual 2011 aD APPENDIX E SWANA n TRUCK DRIVER ROAD E O CONTESTANT S CUMULATIVE SCORECARD Ce O em jRerloader offset 1 1 1 jSideloader Serpentine Frontloader AlleyBackup 7 TransferTractor Trailer RightHandTum Roof j PaalelPakng Straightline CT Stoplne J O COL Pre Tipnspecton ArBrake Procedures RESULTANTSCORE addabovescor _ FINAL CUMULATIVE SCORE include demerits meo A4 Print name Recorder Signature Print name Reviewer Signature rr RUUUGg Solid Waste Association of North America Road E O Manual 2011 AP APPENDIX F SWANA 39 WASTE ASSOCIATION CHAPTER ROAD E O CONTESTANT S APP
10. aps SSCS Fowad Reese Jos Forward res Forward to stop 4 pts 0 6 Station 4 2 pts 6 12 0 pts 12 Forward ts Loading 2 pts pan down after barrels and heaped load Returning 4ptsbetweenbamel Dumping 2 pts dump after barrels and before exit Forward 2pts first barrel EN 4 pts circle barrel Lo 2Pts last barrel Seat belt Completed 2Ptsifseatbeltused TOTALS o seo TOTAL LAPSE TIME frias seconds Solid Waste Association of North America Road E O Manual 2011 d SWANA LANDFILL EQUIPMENT OPERATORS SWANA CUMULATIVE SCORECARD M EQUIPMENT OPERATING SKILLS TEST ARTICULATED DUMP TRUCK Postionmumber STATION POINTS EARNED MAXIMUM POINTS sun wm __ Reverse ts sion Reverse ps Forward J l pg Reverse f rts Forward Jap Reverse eps Reverse faps seins gt gt gt Sas Em TC jus Reese Reese J Reverse ze Station Reverse tt Seat belt Completed aes TOTALS o seo TOTAL LAPSE TIME me seconds Solid Waste Association of North America Road E O Manual 2011 d SKILLS TEST COURSE MAP SWANA COMPACTOR amp TRACK MACHINE V Forward X Reverse dai ON So LL lan 4 tolerance tolerance 4 tolerance 2X machine lengtff 4 tolerance 4 tolerance _ e 75825 OL Blade Buck
11. 17 20 21 22 Solid Waste Association of North America Road E O Manual 2011 SOLID WASTE ASSOCIATION of North America The Solid Waste Association of North America 1100 Wayne Avenue Suite 700 Silver Spring MD 20910 1 800 GO SWANA www SWANA org
12. The Road E O contestant must prove to be a superior refuse truck driver by exhibiting knowledge of the job the equipment and by demonstrating operational skills The International Champion for each category of competition is selected on the basis of total cumulative points The maximum possible total cumulative points derived are Bem Maximum Points _ Parallel Parking Straight Line CDL Pre Trip Inspection Air Brake Procedures TOTAL CUMULATIVE 431 Points Time Penalty The Operational Skills Test is comprised of problems that are designed to simulate conditions that characterize everyday operations The Road E O events are worth a maximum of 50 points each Judging of contestants in the Field Tests is based upon the driver s ability to follow instructions to limit stops and changes of direction to those permitted by the rules to avoid hits and instances of going out of bounds and to position the vehicle close to measuring points in certain problems Properly performing these tasks for each event can result in 50 points per event from which demerits are recorded points are subtracted for errors In addition the Road E O driver must meet the time requirement of twelve minutes There is a grace period in which the driver is given two minutes to complete the course Demerits are given based on how much extra time the driver needs Any driver going over the allowable two minute grace period will be disqualified and will receive zero points
13. Vancouver British Columbia in August of 1990 In addition there is a policy of SWANA MA 2 that precludes the host of the International Road E O from holding the event 10 calendar days before the start of WASTECON or 10 calendar days after the start of WASTECON When a chapter submits a request to hold the International Road E O to SWANA they must submit the date of the event to show compliance with this policy requirement The exception to the timing of the International Road E O with WASTECON is if the host chapter of WASTECON would like to hold the International Road E O in conjunction with WASTECON There are a number of reasons for the establishment of an International Road E O Among these are 1 To promote professionalism on the part of drivers and mechanics in the field of solid waste management 2 To create a spirit of competition and goodwill throughout the participating organizations chapters and the Association 3 To provide additional services by the Association to a segment of the solid waste management field heretofore not served extensively by the Association 4 To bind the chapters together as a functioning and participating unit With the addition of an awards dinner in 1992 further opportunities were provided for recognition of those excelling in these events Furthermore the inclusion of training opportunities at future Road E O s will serve to enhance professionalism for all international Road E O participan
14. also be two separate Mechanics Road E O events truck mechanics and landfill or heavy equipment mechanics Each contestant should have been the first place or second place winner at the chapter level and must be sponsored by the chapter in which the contestant is a member and their employer The International Mechanics Road E O will not include a written exam only a troubleshooting contest and CDL Pre Trip Inspection with the Air Brake Procedure The individual with the highest total score of participants in each of the Mechanic s Road E Os both truck and landfill will become the SWANA Mechanics Road E O International Champion All information that has been stated above for Chapter Road E Os applies to the International Road E O as well except where differences are noted SWANA MECHANIC S WRITTEN TEST RULES 1 Contestants are required to take a fifty 50 question general skills test which will be composed of true false and multiple choice questions 2 Smoking will be PROHIBITED during the written test 3 Contestants will not be allowed to take or carry any reference material or notes to the written test are Pencils will be furnished 4 Contestants will be allowed a maximum of 30 minutes to complete the written test 5 Anyform of communication between contestants while taking the written test will result in the automatic disqualification of the contestants involved 6 Only contestants will be allowed in the written test
15. be an equal amount of time for each participant to familiarize themselves with the equipment The hosting committee will determine the amount of time based upon the number of participants and equipment 8 Atleast three contestants will be required to hold an International Road E O event If less than three contestants register for any given event the event will be cancelled 9 Itis mandatory that trophies for all winners of the International Road E O be provided to the 1st 2nd and 3rd place winners Solid Waste Association of North America Road E O Manual 2011 SWANA TRUCK DRIVERS ROAD E Os INTRODUCTION Overview The Truck Drivers Road E O has several categories of competition The Road E O will be organized on a standard procedure and is open to all chapters Each chapter that participates in the Road E O will utilizing the standard procedure conduct a competition anytime during the year prior to the cut off registration date for the international competition Costs for the Chapter Road E O will have to be borne by the chapter and the competing organizations fees may be charged The driver will be required to conduct a pre trip inspection that may include identification of planted defects If planted defects are included a trained mechanic with a service vehicle should be made available to not only plant the defects but to also correct them after the inspections are completed A pre trip inspection shall be performed at the ch
16. energy from the battery and converts it to kinetic energy B 64 Solid Waste Association of North America Road E O Manual 2011 EMPLOYEE RELATIONSHIPS SAFETY raises and lets them take off all the time they want organization expect some misunderstanding instructions are understood In many industrial organizations competition between departments is considered healthy and is encouraged but competition does not mean open conflict 7 You will be a far better communicator if you know how to listen Being tardy is a common human failing but is a very expensive business habit that should be allowed to continue standards in their daily work environment increase production costs of running the agency Human failure unsafe acts cause over three quarters of all accidents on the job Class C fire extinguishers were developed for small fires involving electrical wiring controls panels and motors SHOP TOOLS H htmuewenkhmexuesmesmoramt I 2 Achassiscynamometerisanetectronicanag IT JP 3 A good tool for checking a cooling system isa radiator and pressurecaptesten r F E P A diesel engine is an external combustion engine Actual compression pressure in a diesel engine is approximately 300 psi 3 Thesame amount of air always enters the cylinders of a diesel engine the amount of fuel is varied to increase proportion of fuel to air Centane number is a measure of a guide to a fuel pri
17. gt m START STOP Ne 2 Y lt ea pe Mti ec 5 O z zio 2 l 5 m I SZ oO x jm E lt a LLI allr 4 START lt 1 a i STOP J STRAIGHT LINE e o 0 e e o o e s2 n START and STOP markings indicate where timing begins and ends for a particular event Solid Waste Association of North America Road E O Manual 2011 ROAD E O EVENTS OFF SET EVENT The driver is required to maneuver the vehicle between one set of barricades turn sharply and go between a second set of barricades The movement must be continuous no stops or repositioning of vehicles is permitted without being assessed a demerit PURPOSE This event sets up a situation where the driver must watch all four corners of the unit to see that the barricade does not get scraped or bumped SCORE 50 points is a perfect score DEMERITS 5 points for each instance of stopping or repositioning the vehicle 15 points for each instance of hitting or scraping a barricade TIME No score if over two minutes PROBLEM DIMENSIONS Four barricades each 10 feet long are used in sets of two Place the sets off center from one another so that the width between the two sets is equal to the length of the vehicle and so that one barricade in each set is in line with the other The width between barricades in the same set is 11 feet for all vehicles except for tractor trailer Barricades for tractor trailers s
18. it reaches the compressor 66 Solid Waste Association of North America Road E O Manual 2011 19 When vehicles are not equipped with air dryers or automatic drain valves drivers or someone should be instructed to drain the wet tank daily or at least once a week 20 Single system foot valves and dual system foot valves may be interchanged on the same vehicle T without any problems whatsoever Kinked or plugged air compressor discharge lines have been known to cause a pressure build up so great the cylinder block will be lifted off the crankcase of the compressor and completely destroy the compressor T 22 23 24 25 The main reason for locating a relay valve near the rear wheel brake chambers on long wheel base trucks is to speed up the operation of the rear brakes 26 Excessive oil in the air brake system is probably caused by engine oil pressure being too high T COOLING SYSTEM 1 The maximum freezing protection with a mixture of ethylene glycol and water is obtained witha T mixture of 33 1 296 ethylene glycol and 7596 water The function of a thermostat is to prevent overheating When a thermostat fails in the open position the engine runs too hot A thermostat installed backwards will cause the engine to run at a lower than normal temperature 5 The maximum freezing protection is obtained by a mixture of ethylene glycol and water at the rate T F of 5096 antifreeze and 5096 water 6 A device for regulati
19. need to be replaced to maintain uniform F push rod length should be slightly greater than 90 degrees equivalent to 28 feet of hose 5 Brake drums that are cracked through the drum will make one more trip before needing replacing ok by C H P 6 Dash air gauges can always be relied upon to be accurate 7 Air loss of more than two pounds per minute with brakes released on a single vehicle is a violation of the C H P inspection program 8 Brakedraghasbeentracedtopoorhousekeepingonthefloorofthetruckcab 9 Stop light switches are always piped into a supply reservoir S 17 By state law all brake lining to be used on all autos trucks trailers and buses must have an edge code plainly visible showing manufacturers code and friction vault cold and hot Solid Waste Association of North America Road E O Manual 2011 18 19 Air dryers clean and dry the air before it reaches the compressor When vehicles are not equipped with air dryers or automatic drain valves drivers or someone should be instructed to drain the wet tank daily or at least once a week 20 Single system foot valves and dual system foot valves may be interchanged on the same vehicle without any problems whatsoever 21 Kinked or plugged air compressor discharge lines have been known to cause a pressure build up so great the cylinder block will be lifted off the crankcase of the compressor and completely destroy the compressor 22 The source
20. the barrels are twice the machine s length apart 2xM Points 2 first barrel points 4 circle barrel points 2 first barrel points 4 circle barrel points 2 last barrel The contestant must not hit the barrels during any maneuver to Circle score points F F The back of the machine must pass the barrels for the watch to be stopped Points 2 if DIRECTION the contestant has used the seat belt Solid Waste Association of North America Road E O Manual 2011 SKILLS TEST COURSE ARTICULATED DUMP TRUCK Presented below is a brief description of a suggested Skills Test Course which articulated dump trucks might use START The machine must be behind the barrels initially no points awarded The stop watch is POINTS DIRECTION started when the front of the machine passes the barrels STATION 1 POINTS DIRECTION Seventy five 75 feet from the start the barrels are four 4 inches wider than the machine Points going in 2 must not hit the barrels and the back of the machine must be past the barrels Points going out 2 must not hit the barrels STATION 2 POINTS DIRECTION One hundred and fifty 150 feet from Station 1 the barrels are four 4 inches wider than the machine Points going in 2 must not hit the barrels and the back of the EM machine must be past the barrels Points going out 2 must not hit the barrels STATION 3 POINTS DIRECTION Fifty 50 feet from Station 2 the barrels are four 4 inch
21. total cumulative points derived are below Off Set Serpentine Alley Backup Right Hand Turn Parallel Parking Straight Line Stop Line CDL Pre Trip Inspection Air Brake Procedures TOTAL CUMULATIVE Time Penalty The Operational Skills Test is comprised of problems that are designed to simulate conditions that characterize everyday operations The Road E O events are worth a maximum of 50 points each Judging of contestants in the Field Tests is based upon the driver s ability to follow instructions to limit stops and changes of direction to those permitted by the rules to avoid hits and instances of going out of bounds and to position the vehicle close to measuring points in certain problems Properly performing these tasks for each event can result in 50 points per event from which demerits are recorded points subtracted for errors In addition the Road E O driver must meet the time requirement of twelve minutes There is a grace period in which the driver is given two minutes to complete the course Demerits are awarded based on how much extra time the driver needs Any driver going over the allowable two minute grace period will be disqualified and will receive zero points Tie Breaker In the event two or more contestants have the same final score in the first second or third place positions the following should apply e For ties occurring in the final score the tiebreaker shall be the least amount of time lapsed e For ties occurr
22. will make up the total score for the competition The first part will consist of a written test with 50 questions Each question will be worth two points The questions will cover shop safety power train brakes hydraulics electrical and general knowledge of shop operations The 50 questions will be selected from a list of over 200 questions The list will be available to all participants so they may have time to prepare for the test Test questions should be a combination of true false and multiple choice Only judges will receive the actual test questions and answers The mechanical skills competition will consist of a troubleshooting contest The contestants will perform actual diagnostic tests on available trucks In this hands on event the contestant will be given a list of vehicle problems and the individual who solves the most problems in the allowed time will be the winner The troubleshooting contest will be the only component of the International Road E O The CDL Pre Trip Inspection with Air Brakes Procedure One point will be given for each item correctly identified during the inspection Total possible points 56 The Air Brake is the same as in the truck competition GENERAL INFORMATION Chapter The Mechanics Road E O will be separated into two events one for mechanics of collection vehicles and one for landfill off road vehicle mechanics All contestants must have approval from his her employing organization Each agency may
23. 1 b 14 c 12 d 136 e 12 8 A truck driver leaving an alley prior to crossing the sidewalk should a slow down and proceed b beep their horn and continue forward stop look right and left then proceed A red traffic sign means a construction ahead b stop C motorist services d information How can backing accidents be avoided a depend on rear view mirror and sound horn b depend on audible backup warning device C rear view mirror and someone to guide What safety measure should be taken if a driver stops to help another whose rig is on fire where should you park your rig a parallel with unit on fire b up grade C down grade In a right hand turn centrifugal force will tend to pull your truck to a the right b not at all no change E the left DOLA6IVAILIIGSVVIEACW L Solid Waste Association of North America Road E O Manual 2011 AD APPENDIX I SWANA SCOREKEEPER S SHEET SOLID WASTE ASSOCIATION of North Americi Contestants Time Finished Total Points Solid Waste Association of North America Road E O Manual 2011 i APPENDIX J SWANA SCORING PRINCIPLES SOLID WASTE ASSOCIATION Scoring The Road E O contestant must prove to be a superior refuse truck driver by exhibiting knowledge of the job the equipment and by demonstrating operational skills The International Champion for each category of competition is selected on the basis of total cumulative points The maximum possible
24. ANA chapter first place winner yes no member yes no EMPLOYEE CERTIFICATIONS Employer Work Address Telephone Length of employment dates The employee has been employed as a driver mechanic for dates Equipment employee operates Has the employee s attendance been satisfactory type and manufacturer yes no Will your Road E O chair or a past judge be attending the competition If yes state name and phone number certify the employee has had no chargeable accidents or moving violations within the last 12 months Employer signature Solid Waste Association of North America Road E O Manual 2011 At large chapter contestants SSO Chapter contestants p Rear Loader compatto Te Side Loader Track Dozer l ng _ Front Loader Scraper or Articulated Truck jRorOf Articulated Loader TransferTractor Trailer_ Pre Trip Inspection Score O Driving Competition Score O Written Exam Score S S rime Certified by Road E O Chair Signature Print Name Title Telephone Applications must be submitted to the chapter by chapter name for at large competitors Non certified forms will be rejected A late fee of will be date charged for any application received after the deadline THE APPLICATION FORM MUST BE COMPLETED AND MUST BE ACCOMPANIED BY 1 International Road E O participant Request and Release see page 26 2 Entry fee of for each driver made out to
25. E O course to their specific needs that is perfectly acceptable The International Road E O guidelines must be strictly adhered to as presented in the Road E O Manual A pre trip inspection and safety exam will be mandatory for all competitors in Chapter Road E Os This is not necessary at the International Road E O The following rules apply for all events at International and Chapter Road E Os 1 Public and Private sector organizations with SWANA members and SWANA Chapters may nominate employees as contestants The committee should screen records and determine who is eligible to compete All competitors are subject to approval by the Road E O Committee and may be disqualified for any reasonable cause up to the day of the competition 2 Participants may not consume alcoholic beverages during the competition or arrive in a condition not conducive to operating trucks or heavy equipment In the event a course rerun is necessary to break a tie any evidence of alcohol consumption will disqualify the competitor 3 Bypassing an event station during the driving portion of a Road E O will result in disqualification Participants amp judges should be notified of this prior to the event 4 Speeding will not be allowed in the competition and may result in disqualification from the competition at the discretion of the Chief Judge If a driver locks his or her brakes or lifts a wheel off the ground this may be grounds for termination from the competitio
26. LER WHEELS FRONT amp REAR Slack adjuster EE Rims ug Brake chamber mud Tires 2 32 mm Brake hoses lines Axle seals ESSI Brake drums lines a E Pintle eye Sliding 5th wheel locking pin dogs Cross chains Emergency breakaway Lug nuts Spacers REAR OF TRAILER Lights reflectors m Doors ties lifts MO Splash guards mm Mud flaps mm Not all trucks are equipped with these items Points are automatic when these items are not applicable Solid Waste Association of North America Road E O Manual 2011 SANITARY LANDFILL EQUIPMENT OPERATORS ROAD E O Presented below is an outline for a Sanitary Landfill Equipment Operators Road E O The program is designed not only to test the operator s skill with a given unit of equipment but also the knowledge relative to operator maintenance and safety of the machine QUALIFICATION In addition to the general qualifications noted at the beginning of the manual persons entering the Road E O must have a minimum of one year s experience in a landfill environment on the type of equipment track machine compactor scraper articulated front wheel loader articulated truck that the individual proposes to use in the competition If the type of equipment that an eligible competitor qualified for in their chapter event is not available in the International Road E O then the competitor has the option of competing in one of the other events of their choosing Competitor
27. LICATION FORM of Nerth America Home Address Telephone Is the contestant or the contestant s employer a SWANA member yes no EMPLOYEE CERTIFICATIONS Employer Work Address Telephone Length of employment dates The employee has been employed as a driver mechanic for years dates Equipment employee operates Has the employee s attendance been satisfactory type and manufacturer yes no certify the employee has had no chargeable accidents or moving violations within the last 12 months Employer signature and title Rearloader_______ compactor Tue Side Loader Track Dozer fianai _ Fronttoader Scraper or Articulated Truck __ Roll off Articulated Loader TransferTractor Trailer_ DEADLINE FOR APPLICATION C RETURN APPLICATIONS TO Solid Waste Association of North America Road E O Manual 2011 d d APPENDIX G SWANA SOLO WASTE ASSOCIATION CHAPTER ROAD E O PARTICIPANT REQUEST AND RELEASE FORM I hereby request the opportunity to printname participate in the Chapter Road E O sponsored by type of equipment at on chapter name location date In consideration of the opportunity to participate in the Road E O Program I do hereby for myself my heirs personal representatives and assigns release and discharge the Solid Waste Association of North America and the sponsor their respective agents employees and officers from all claims demands suits actions an
28. T A CA exhaust manifold ceenofdebis A Pre ceanerscreen fequippe O 1 illevelGome checkhotsome cl T_T c Inspecthose ines an comnecti n T_T TRANSMISSION Oi leve de E Inspect hose lines and connection Po Cheo ay lat TA LUBRICANT AND FUEL TOTAL POINTS MAXIMUM PTS Grease daily items simulated grease gun on machine Pa Fuel lines tanks simulated drain condensate BM ie extingue TT Ra Glass clean TOTAL POINTS Fasten seatbet TT a Credimi C ROLLE Check Pressure Gauges after simulated start OO U O e y NEN NENNEN Allow time for components to reach operating temperature simulated and test system trans and hydraulic Solid Waste Association of North America Road E O Manual 2011 SHUT DOWN PROCESS TOTAL POINTS MAXIMUM PTS Allow time for machine to cool 10 minutes simulated and inspect for leaks and 2 for damaged worn items OVERALL SCORE I9 Solid Waste Association of North America Road E O Manual 2011 LANDFILL OPERATORS VEHICLE INSPECTION SCORECARD Presented below is a brief description of a suggested Skills Test Course which compactors and track machines might use Also included is a proposed scoring system and a course diagram The competitor must put on their seat belt This is worth 2 points The competitor is encouraged to get comfortable with the equipment s controls and to notify the head judge when they are ready to begin the course The follo
29. What workers really want is a supervisor who lets them loaf on the job gives them regular pay raises and F lets them take off all the time they want Employees who are at the top of their grade are considered valuable employees to the organization T A general employee can make a good management transition if they so desire IF Any communications between employees should be accurate clear impartial and you should expect some T misunderstanding If you are giving instructions to a co worker make sure they ask questions to find out if the instructions are understood A In many industrial organizations competition between departments is considered healthy and is encouraged but competition does not mean open conflict 7 You will be a far better communicator if you know how to listen Being tardy is a common human failing but is a very expensive business habit that should be allowed to continue their daily work environment i production costs the agency 12 Human failure unsafe acts cause over three quarters of all accidents on the job 13 Class C fire extinguishers were developed for small fires involving electrical wiring controls panels and motors SHOP TOOLS A tire inflation cage prevents slow leaks in tires DIESEL ENGINES A diesel engine is an external combustion engine Actual compression pressure in a diesel engine is approximately 300 psi 3 Thesame amount of air always enters the
30. aes O Forward to stop 4 pts 0 6 Station 4 2 pts 6 12 0 pts 12 Fowad J9 Reverse to stop 2 pts maximum blade measure A push Station 6 compactor or track machine comp Raggbad TEE push Reverse o 2ptsfrstbarel Station 7 Faire bere aes stand Seat belt Completed 2ptsifseatbeltused_ Ts I SI CI TOTAL LAPSETIME rites seconds Solid Waste Association of North America Road E O Manual 2011 SKILLS TEST COURSE SCRAPERS Presented below is a brief description of a suggested Skills Test Course which scrapers might use Also included is a proposed scoring system and a course diagram START POINTS DIRECTION The machine must be behind the barrels initially no points awarded The stop watch is ui started when the front of the machine passes the barrels STATION 1 POINTS DIRECTION Seventy five feet from start the barrels are eight 8 inches wider than the machine Points going in 4 must not hit the barrels and the back of the machine must be past SE the barrels Points going out 4 must not hit the barrels XR STATION 2 POINTS DIRECTION One hundred and fifty feet from Station 1 the barrels are twelve 12 inches wider than XR the machine Points backing in 4 must not hit the barrels and the front of the machine must be past the barrels Points going out 4 must not hit the barrels lt F LONA Seventy five feet from Station 2 the first barrels are eight 8
31. apter level only Equipment For the Chapter Road E O the host city company chapter will provide the equipment The host chapter will supply the equipment for the International Road E O PLANNING DETAILS Competitive Tests The Road E O is designed to be a competitive test It is meant to measure a driver s skill behind the wheel knowledge of safety regulations and knowledge of equipment used The Chapter Road E Os will consist of a written exam a CDL pre test inspection including the air brake procedure and a driving skills course for each participant The scores from each of these factors will be combined to determine which driver has the highest score and thus becomes the Chapter Champion Chapter Champions and second place finishers from each event are eligible to compete at the International Road E O International Level The International Road E O will consist of a driving skills course The driver will operate a truck through an obstacle course made up of specific driving scenarios The driver should demonstrate safety habits and smoothness of operation and be graded on both while driving through the course It is highly suggested that two identical courses run simultaneously throughout the event in order to accommodate all competitors within a reasonable amount of time determined based on the number of participants Contestants may only compete in one event in order to accommodate all contestants within a reasonable amount of t
32. area SWANA MECHANIC S TROUBLESHOOTING CONTEST RULES 1 Only the competitors and judges are allowed within the marked off area 2 Eachcontestant will be assigned a truck number at the beginning of the contest They will report to their assigned truck 3 The Timekeeper Coordinator will indicate to the judges when it is time to get ready and go At the go signal the judge will present the contestant with the problem The Judge will also keep track of time and if the problem is solved within the allowable time frame indicate the score and elapsed time on the scorecard 4 Individual contestants will have 10 minutes to pinpoint the problem Each contestant is to leave the problem exactly as they found it for the next contestant 5 After time is up for each round contestants will move to the next truck which will have a different problem to solve 6 Each problem will have a maximum value of 20 points for a total possible of 100 points In order to get a score of 20 points the contestant must identify the problem exactly A judge may award ten points to a contestant who at least identifies the faulty component before the allotted time has elapsed 58 Solid Waste Association of North America Road E O Manual 2011 11 12 The judging scorecard is to be turned in to the Scorekeeper as soon as the problem is scored and signed off by the judge If the problem is not solved within the allowed time the judge shall mark NO SCORE o
33. ause excessive oil consumption A compression test on a in line six cylinder engine indicates 3 and 4 have 10 psi The rest all read 130 135 psi This could be caused by wrong valve timing o lt e D un D a o eo gt D A Q e 5 o 3 ct 3 3 e with the engine running is a xenon timing light _ 4 5 16 If a timing light flashes before the timing mark lines up with the pointer the time is too late If the timing mark fluctuates it can indicate a badly worn condenser After operation in an engine the color of the center insulator of a spark plug with the correct hear range should be black The distributor points are connected to the primary coil winding 7 8 The condenser points are connected to the primary coil winding A compression test shows one cylinder very low when an air line is connected to that cylinder with a spark F plug hole adapter air leakage can be heard at the tailpipe The cause is probably broken piston rings 20 21 A carburetor operates on the principle of Ohm s law 22 A high fuel level in a carburetor bowl will cause the engine to stall 23 A dirty or partially clogged air cleaner will decrease fuel efficiency TI Exhaust gas recirculation EGR is designed to reduce combustion temperature for low NOx emissions The exhaust stroke of the piston fills the cylinder with a combustible mixture of air and fuel EM E m EN Lo E i
34. ce Waxing of diesel fuel is caused by agglomeration of paraffin particles found in all diesel fuel which congeal at low temperatures The cloud point of a diesel fuel is any temperature below freezing Ether is used as a starting aid for diesel engines because it ignites at low temperatures The purpose of an after cooler is to reduce intake air noise Fuel injection occurs well before the piston reaches top dead center on the compression stroke The reason is to vent air from the fuel injection system 10 To obtain easier starting in cold weather diesel fuel can be mixed with kerosene Solid Waste Association of North America Road E O Manual 2011 65 11 A consistent engine miss at all speeds with smoke puffs at every revolution is caused by a sticking T F injector nozzle a Ffelamdraemedinthesupenhageronademengne JE F h4 the typical compresion on a dieselengineis8st O oU 15 The actual compression pressure on a diesel engine weppromatey 200 JT F 15 The purpose ola aft cooer n a dise engines to increase combustion eidercyamdpwer T__ F_ D7 A sticking nozze can cause a dese to miss atalispeeas r F 19 Cummins engines use a PT mman OOOO 20 The compression release on Cummins engine operates by Roding thevahesopen T F E Sleeve protusson is the distance e T F 22 When using a micrometer onefulturnrepresents 100 JA On a two cycl
35. ches of line TIME No score over three minutes Solid Waste Association of North America Road E O Manual 2011 SUGGESTED DIMENSIONS The problem is set up in a rectangular shape opening on a 40 foot wide street or a 50 foot wide street when using 40 foot semi trailers a 70 foot wide street should be used for a 53 foot semi trailer amp 50 foot semi trailer The rectangle is 20 feet deep and can be made by using four 40 foot barricades two on each side One 10 foot barricade is used at the end of the obstacle to simulate a wall If space does not permit widening the street the event should then be set up at a 45 degree angle WIDTH OF RECTANGLE Straight truck 10 feet Tractor semi trailer 12 feet The contestant is required to drive up the street past the problem and cut the vehicle back into the rectangle Judges should measure the problem at rear center of the vehicle body to the rear barricade BARRIERS Use the same barricades as illustrated in the parallel parking problem Solid Waste Association of North America Road E O Manual 2011 IP APPENDIX A SWANA souo WASTE ASSOCHTON INTERNATIONAL ROAD E O CONTESTANT S APPLICATION FORM NOTE Only first and second place chapter winners will be allowed to participate in the International Road E O for each competition category _ Home Address Telephone Are you the chapter s city s company s if not ina Is the contestant or the contestant s employer a SW
36. crushing the drum or coming in contact with any barrel STATION 7 Fifty feet seventy five feet for compactor from Station 6 the barrels are two machine lengths apart The competitor is to go in reverse from Station 6 and proceed to the outside of the first barrel of Station 7 The competitor is to then go between the first and center barrel The competitor receives two 2 points if they complete this maneuver successfully without hitting any barrel The competitor is to then perform a 360 degree turn around the middle barrel If the competitor completes this maneuver without hitting the barrel they will receive four 4 points The competitor is to then proceed between the middle barrel and the third barrel going to the outside of the third barrel If the competitor completes this maneuver without hitting any barrels they will receive two 2 points The competitor is to then proceed to the finish line while still going in reverse The timing of the clock stops when the front of the machine breaks the plane of the start barrels Solid Waste Association of North America Road E O Manual 2011 AD SWANA LANDFILL EQUIPMENT OPERATORS SWANA CUMULATIVE SCORECARD IL EQUIPMENT OPERATING SKILLS TEST COMPACTOR ARTICULATED LOADER amp TRACK MACHINE Posionnumber STATION __ POINTS EARNED MAXIMUM POINTS a gt Se Reverse Ts sema Ed E im Reverse fs forward es Reverse ts O Forward
37. cuit is blown E The best freezing and cooling protection is obtained with 10096 ethylene glycol in the radiator HYDRAULIC BRAKES A split hydraulic brake system is two separate systems with a duel master cylinder Hydraulic brake parts should be cleaned with gasoline 3 When brake drums have been machined turned to the maximum limit specified by the vehicle manufacturer or state law and additional machining is needed to true the drum it should be exchanged for a rebuilt drum problem could be caused by a bad proportioning valve A brakes are applied steel tubing Solid Waste Association of North America Road E O Manual 2011 The correct firing order of an in line six cylinder engine is 1 5 3 6 4 2 A cracked or loose intake manifold causes a noticeable drop in oil pressure To start a cold engine a major requirement is a high carburetor float level An increase in compression when heavy oil is put into a cylinder during a compression test indicates worn piston rings A piston s size is measured across the top A vacuum gauge is useful for analyzing fuel air ratio N A recommended tool for measuring the diameter of an engine cylinder is an inside caliper A feeler gauge is recommended for checking tread depth of tires If piston rings are installed upside down you will have increased oil consumption _ 0 Main bearing oil clearance can be checked with a feeler gauge _ Worn valve guides will c
38. cylinders of a diesel engine the amount of fuel is varied to increase proportion of fuel to air Centane number is a measure of a guide to a fuel price 5 Waxing of diesel fuel is caused by agglomeration of paraffin particles found in all diesel fuel which T congeal at low temperatures l6 The cloud point of a diesel fuel is any temperature below freezing F Ether is used as a starting aid for diesel engines because it ignites at low temperatures 8 The purpose of an after cooler is to reduce intake air noise Solid Waste Association of North America Road E O Manual 2011 73 Fuel injection occurs well before the piston reaches top dead center on the compression stroke The reason is to vent air from the fuel injection system To obtain easier starting in cold weather diesel fuel can be mixed with kerosene A consistent engine miss at all speeds with smoke puffs at every revolution is caused by a sticking injector nozzle 21 Sleeve protssionis the distance the sleeve protudes into thecrankease F 22 When using a micrometer one fulitumepresents 100 ____________ O_F 23 Ona two cycle diese engine t takes two crankshaft revolutions to complete one combustion gae F 4 Anatualyaspieteddiselincemesinpowerwthincemedelemion TF 25 Diesel engine turbochargers are diiven by a gearonthecranishaft F AIR BRAKES 1 When one diagram in the chambers on the same axle fails both
39. d causes of action of any kind for bodily injuries sustained by me and for damage to and or loss of personal property arising out of my participation in the program understand that participation in the program involves certain inherent risks and potential hazards which I have considered and which knowingly assume have read this Request and Release and understand all of its terms and execute it voluntarily Signature Solid Waste Association of North America Road E O Manual 2011 AD APPENDIX H SWANA SWANA TRUCK DRIVER S SAMPLE EXAM SOLID MEN OSA 10 actual test will be in a sealed envelope When making a right turn in a truck the driver should position the vehicle a as close to the right curb as practicable b in the center of the road to prevent the rear tires from hitting the curb C with the left wheels just over the center line d as close to the left curb as practicable How much warning is required by D O T regulations for turning or changing lanes a 25 b 50 c 75 d 100 e 125 Which of the following traffic violations is most likely to result in a fatal accident a following too close b speeding E improper passage d disregarding a stop sign Gross weight means a the legal operating weight of the truck b the tare weight of the truck C the loaded weight of the truck d the empty weight of the truck The maximum height of a motor vehicle may not legally exceed what height a 1
40. d build from 85 to 100 psi 580 689 kPa within 45 seconds in dual air sytems In single air systems pre 1975 typical requirements are pressure buildup from 50 to 90 psi 340 620 kPa within three minutes with the engine at an idel speed of 600 900 rpm AIR COMPRESSOR GOVERNOR CUT IN AND CUT OR PRESSURES Run the engine at a running idle The air governor should cut out the air compressor at the manufacturer s specified pressure With the engine idling and the parking brakes released step on and off the brake to reduce the air tank pressure The compressor should cut in at about the manufacturer s specified cut in pres sure The pressure should begin to rise on your gauge TEST SERVICE BRAKE STOPPING ACTION Go about five miles per hour Push brake pedal firmly Check for side to side pull COMMENTS Award one 1 point for each box checked TOTAL POINTS Air Brake Solid Waste Association of North America Road E O Manual 2011 COMBINATION VEHICLE TEST Air electriclines Air electricconnection Catwalk __ fHeaderboard Lights reflectors Lights reflectors COUPLING SYSTEM SIDE OF TRAILER Mounting bolts Safety latch locking jaws Platform frame Release arm E Ej MEN EK Kingpin apron gap mg mm mm mm E Handingger Frame tandem reles Lights reflectors J Doors ties tifts Y TRAILER SUSPENSION Springs air torque EN Spring mounts TRAILER BRAKES TRAI
41. e curb Barriers can consist of any item at least four feet in height They can be made as shown in the accompanying diagram of 2 pieces 1 x 4 x 10 2 pieces 2 x 4 x 4 4 2 pieces 2 x 4 x 267 2 pieces 1 x 4 x 2 6 Solid Waste Association of North America Road E O Manual 2011 EQUIPMENT NEEDED Two barricades and approximately 30 feet of three inch masking tape to mark the curb Barricades should be roughly four feet high with suggested dimensions depicted in the illustration Since the barricades serve simply to define parking space any equivalent equipment may be used in place of the barricades recom mended herein For construction purposes barricade sides can be made in 10 foot sections each section with two upright standards of 2 x 4 to provide a foot The barricades should have two length wise rails of 1 x 4 lumber the first about 30 inches from the ground and the second with its top edges flush with the top end of the standards Adjustable Fixed Barricade arricade Length of truck plus 6 XX eo __ 4 2 pcs 1 x 4 x 10 for side rails 2pcs2 x4 x4 4 for barricade stands 44 2 pes 2 x 4 x 276 for barricade feet 30 2 pes 1 x 4 x 26 Barricade For barricade stand Solid Waste Association of North America Road E O Manual 2011 ALLEY BACKUP EVENT The driver is required to back the vehicle in continuous movement through a simulated alley
42. e diesel engine it takes two crankshaft revolutions to complete one combustion rr cycle A naturally aspirated diesel increases in power with increased elevation Diesel engine turbochargers are driven by a gear on the crankshaft A dirty or partially clogged air cleanser causes increased smoke and reduced power AIR BRAKES 1 When one diagram in the chambers on the same axle fails both need to be replaced to maintain T F uniform push rod length lever should be slightly greater than 90 degrees elbows is equivalent to 28 feet of hose ok by C H P 6 Dash air gauges can always be relied upon to be accurate F Air loss of more than two pounds per minute with brakes released on a single vehicle is a violation T of the C H P inspection program Brake drag has been traced to poorhousekeeping onthe oor ofthemuckea T F Stop ight ses reales pipedinto e supply O F 110 Mostal brake devices operate on heprincpleofarpresuevesusspimgpesue T F 2 Low pressure swiches areas pipedinio the delivery orappikationime T l l l l l l l l F F F 16 The air governor s sole function is to tell the air compressor when to pump and when to shut off 17 By state law all brake lining to be used on all autos trucks trailers and buses must have an edge code plainly visible showing manufacturers code and friction vault cold and hot Air dryers clean and dry the air before
43. ed through the course set up to test their skills The actual course layout will be a function of the make and model of the particular machine used in the contest and the terrain on which it is being held Basic operating skills such as maneuvering in tight quarters loading machine if appropriate accuracy speed etc will be tested The two course layouts that follow are offered for consideration The maximum points which can be earned for all the courses should be the same 50 points each Scoring of the Skills Test will be accomplished by a head judge with the assistance of station judges using a predetermined method for notifying the head judge of scoring at each particular station The station judges should be discreet in their scoring as to not cause any undue stress on the competitor A stop watch will be necessary to record elapsed time for each contestant A tape measure or other measuring device will be required at the blade drop station The Scorecards that follow will be used for the respective types of equipment employed in the contest The total Skills Test score will be added up on the tally sheet which is to be maintained by the Contest Scorer Solid Waste Association of North America Road E O Manual 2011 aP LANDFILL OPERATORS VEHICLE SWANA INSPECTION SCORECARD SOLID WASTE ASSOCIATION of North America Contestant ENGNE TOTAL POINTS MAXIMUMPTS CAT TIT AS CA CT AA CAS CAT T CA CA
44. eet for compactor from the center of the starting barrels Station 1 barrels are four 4 inches wider than the machine The competitor must go through the two barrels without coming in contact with them with the machine or any soil disturbed and the rear end of the machine must break the plane of the barrels to receive four 4 points The competitor then goes in reverse through Station 1 and receives four 4 points if the machine or any soil disturbed do not come in contact with the barrels STATION 2 The competitor then proceeds in reverse to Station 2 one hundred feet one hundred and fifty feet for compactor from Station 1 The competitor must have the front of the machine break the plane of the barrels without either the machine or any soil disturbed coming in contact with the barrels to receive the four 4 points The competitor then proceeds going forward through the barrels The competitor receives four 4 points if the machine or any soil disturbed do not come in contact with the barrels STATION 3 Fifty feet seventy five feet for compactor from Station 2 the first barrels are four 4 inches wider than the machine Points going in are two 2 points if no contact with barrels occurs The middle barrel used for the out of bounds barrel is twice the machine s length The competitor is to go to their left after going through the first set of barrels and the rear end of machine should break the plane of first set of barrels without going
45. ering wheel and re install it _ eo Too much negative caster on the front wheel will cause the vehicle to pull to the left HYDRAULICS 1 Hydraulic pumps produce flow not pressure A pump usually activates because of a restricted inlet or other conditions that allow air spaces to develop in T the incoming fluid Improper condition of the hydraulic fluid can cause pump failure Pressure control valves are used to limit system pressure A check valve is a directional control Cylinders convert mechanical power to fluid power Misalignment of piston rods can cause leaks Cil of too high viscosity can cause a system to work sluggishly when cold and normal when the system warms up A pump can generally be used as a motor CP SES cet _ 0 Galvanized pipe is recommended for high pressure hydraulic plumbing Solid Waste Association of North America Road E O Manual 2011 stores CC T Disspaesha CC JT Helpskeepoilcen O7 T Knowthesstem TH Operatethemachne DO TT Inspectthemachne ss Changepartsuntlyoufindthetrouble OE Listtheposiblecus CC JT jRechaconduson ss Testyourcondusion CO JT 13 The valve that controls a packer blade is called a directional controlvalu__ T 14 A piston pumpis a positive displacementpump_ y y O The most common seal in mobil hydraulic systems is the O ring If you put equal pressure on both ends of a double acting cylinder it will not extend
46. es wider than the machine lai Points going in 4 must not hit the barrels and the back of the machine must be past a JXR the barrels Points going out 4 must not hit the barrels STATION 4 POINTS DIRECTION Seventy five 75 feet from Station 3 the barrels are four 4 inches wider than the machine Points going in 4 must not hit the barrels and the back of the machine must ehe be past the barrels Points going out 4 must not hit the barrels STATION 5 Seventy five 75 feet from Station 4 the barrels are four 4 inches wider than the POINTS DIRECTION machine and off set from each other Points going in 4 must not hit the barrels and the back of the machine must be past the barrels Points going out 4 must not hit the barrels STATION 6 POINTS DIRECTION Fifty 50 feet from station 5 the barrels are two machine lengths apart 2xM Points 2 ae first barrel points 4 circle barrel points 2 last barrel The contestant must not hit the barrels during any maneuver to score points STATION 7 POINTS DIRECTION Fifty 50 feet from station 6 the barrels are four 4 inches wider than the machine a PR Solid Waste Association of North America Road E O Manual 2011 du SWANA LANDFILL EQUIPMENT OPERATORS SWANA CUMULATIVE SCORECARD st EQUIPMENT OPERATING SKILLS TEST SCRAPERS Posionnumber STATIONS POINTS EARNED MAXIMUM POINTS ee Reverse a sensi em le Reverse
47. et Dro 60 e p oe 2X machine length between barrels 8 tolerance 6 Barrel Roll 50 8 tolerance 50 Solid Waste Association of North America Road E O Manual 2011 AD SKILLS TEST COURSE MAP SWANA ARTICULATED RUBBER TIRE LOADER SOLID WASTE ASSOCIATION of North America V Forward X Reverse START FINISH e 4 tolerance 4 tolerance e Pick up Dirt 4 tolerance 6 2X machine o 8 tolerance e 6 Barrel Roll 0 length between did e e 8 tolerance Solid Waste Association of North America Road E O Manual 2011 GP SKILLS TEST COURSE MAP SCRAPER SOLID ME on CS cu V Forward START FINISH e O 75 e e X Reverse O 12 tolerance uc 8 tolerance e 8 tolerance EN 2X machine length 2X machine length 6 Co between barrels 8 tolerance e 75 Pan Drop 75 e 8 tolerance 8 tolerance UNLOAD e 8 tolerance Solid Waste Association of North America Road E O Manual 2011 SKILLS TEST COURSE MAP ARTICULATED DUMP TRUCK Start Finish e le Rd a TUM am AE D 4 tolerance i o 4 4 tolerar A li 1 amp 4 tolerance ni 2 O 4 tolerance i 56 Solid Waste Association of North America Road E O Manual 2011 SWANA MECHANICS ROAD E O INTRODUCTION The Chapter Mechanics Road E O will consist of three parts and each part
48. etition Field judges should be assigned specific duties at an individual obstacle There must be two timekeepers and two scorekeepers on each track Explanations and judging assignments can be accomplished prior to the day of the competition when judges and volunteers are required to conduct a judges orientation Final competitor scores should be tabulated twice by two separate scorekeepers for accuracy Scores from the courses should be called in to the committee and recorded by another impartial scorekeeper preferably not affiliated with the hosting chapter to prevent the implication of local bias in scoring In the event two or more contestants have the same final score in the first second or third place positions the following should apply e Forties occurring in the final score the tie breaker shall be the least amount of time lapsed e Forties occurring in the final score and time lapsed the tie breaker shall be the toss of a coin heads being the winner The decision of which contestant will be heads and which contestant will be tails shall be the Chief Judge The Chief Judge reserves the right to make any necessary rules or course changes It should be made clear to competitors that any questions regarding discrepancies in their scoring should be directed to the Chief Judge prior to the close of the event Decisions made by the Chief Judge are final Following the Road E O competitors shall be provided a c
49. fect score DEMERIT 5 points for each instance of hitting a cone TIME No score if over one minute SUGGESTED DIMENSIONS Cones are 12 feet apart the width of the road centerline cone to cone is 13 feet 7 traffic cones equally spaced on each arc 40 ft for straight trucks 37 ft for tractor trailers 53 ft Solid Waste Association of North America Road E O Manual 2011 STRAIGHT LINE EVENT The driver is required to run the right wheels of the vehicle between two rows of markers without stopping and without touching or displacing any of the markers PURPOSE This event determines the driver s ability to locate the right wheels of the vehicle at any position on the road SCORE 50 points is a perfect score DEMERIT 5 points for each instance of striking touching or running over any marker or for straddling or passing around any markers PROBLEM DIMENSIONS Width of path is overall width of widest duals plus six inches measured from inside to inside of the markers Distance between pairs of markers is ten feet or more depending on space available and set on a slight angle within the course BARRIERS Markers may consist of sponge rubber or tennis balls three inches in diameter The best markers are square plastic blocks or hardwood blocks If wood is used you need several extra ones because they will break if run over The driver must remain seated at all times Solid Waste Association of North A
50. h groups etc may be knowledgeable sources of information and support The local Red Cross will usually provide first aid equipment an ambulance and an attendant It is suggested that umbrellas rain gear and water stations be provided to the judges on the day of the event Awards 1 First second and third place shall be awarded to the winners of each class of competition It is strongly suggested each winner should receive a permanent award in the form of a trophy or other item emblematic of the competition A perpetual award could be rotated within each chapter 2 In addition the International Road E O first place winner in each category shall be the International Champion for that category COMPETITOR QUALIFICATIONS In order to compete in the Chapter Road E O participants must meet the following general qualifications 1 Competitor Status Competitors must be employed in the solid waste management field in which they are competing at the time of the Road E O and must have worked in the solid waste management field for a minimum of one year Potential competitors that are not employed in the solid waste management field i e landfill construction contractor employees are not eligible to participate in the SWANA event In addition the competitors must be a member or work for a public or private sector entity who has at least one member of SWANA in good standing 2 Safety Record Competitors must have had no chargeable accidents
51. have one representative for each category of events Each participant must provide their own hand tools to be used for the troubleshooting contest Mechanics will not be expected to do any major disassembly so an assortment of wrenches sockets screw drivers pliers a test light continuity tester and a volt and ohmmeter should suffice Any special tools which may be required will be provided on site Five trucks each with a different built in problem are needed However in all likelihood the number of vehicles used will depend on what is available Therefore it is suggested that the total number of trucks used in the competition will have to be changed based on availability It is important to locate the trucks at least 40 feet apart Each contestant will have a turn to work on each piece of equipment A judge equipped with a stop watch is needed for each truck Judges should be persons with a maintenance background It is very important for timekeepers to keep track of elapsed time during the troubleshooting portion of the competition because the contestants time scores will be used in the event of a tie breaker A contest coordinator is necessary to signal the beginning of each round of competition keep track of elapsed time and signal when allowed time is up A coach s whistle works well as a signaling device Solid Waste Association of North America Road E O Manual 2011 International At the International Road E O there will
52. hould instead be set at 12 feet wide BARRIERS Barriers extend 8 feet 6 inches into street from curb Barriers consist of any item at least four feet in height and can be made as shown in the diagram of parallel parking barriers see page 21 2 pieces 1 x 4 x 10 2 pieces 2 x 4 x 4 4 2 pieces 2 x 4 x 2 6 2 pieces 1 x 4 x 2 6 EQUIPMENT NEEDED Two barricades and approximately 30 feet of three inch masking tape to mark the curb Barricades should be roughly four feet high with suggested dimensions Since the barricades serve simply to define parking space any equivalent equipment may be used in place of the barricades recommended herein For construction purposes barricade sides can be made in 10 sections each section with two upright standards of 2 x 4 to provide a foot The barricades should have two length wise rails of 1 x 4 lumber the first about 30 inches from the ground and the second with its top edges flush with the top end of the standards Solid Waste Association of North America Road E O Manual 2011 SERPENTINE EVENT for all categories of equipment The driver is required to weave in and out of the barrels in a continuous motion without stopping and without touching a barrel or running over street curb lines The driver must go through the problem in a forward and reverse motion The event should be completed in its entirety before moving on to the Alley Backup event PURPOSE
53. ibed course page 14 and will demonstrate the driver s skills to Stop and start the equipment Negotiate the obstacle Back up the equipment Exhibit general safe driving skills Judging Judging is the single most important aspect of the selection of competitors and champions The Road E O will require judges for each event in the competition Timekeepers and scorekeepers are also required to start and time each competition Appendices C and include copies of the scorekeeper s sheet In addition a Chief Judge should be appointed by the Road E O Committee to make on site clarifications of rules etc The Chief Judge provides the final word in the competition Scoring Principles The Road E O is predicated upon safety testing knowledge driving skills and employee capabilities Appendices D amp J summarize the scoring principles Appendices E amp K include the cumulative scorecards for each competitor Solid Waste Association of North America Road E O Manual 2011 Operational Skills The competition is a timed driving skill course to test the driver s ability to maneuver professionally skillfully and safely while doing so with using minimal time The driving competition consists of seven events Off set Serpentine Alley backup Right turn Parallel parking Straight line Stop line QU I ds d The full course diagram illustrates the layout and timing for the course A discussion of each event follows All drivers wi
54. ime DRIVER QUALIFICATIONS In addition to the general qualifications noted at the beginning of this manual persons entering the Truck Drivers Road E O should have been driving for the past 12 months in the solid waste industry Solid Waste Association of North America Road E O Manual 2011 11 TYPE OF EQUIPMENT TO BE USED The competition will be open to drivers of all types of collection and transfer equipment no container pickup test will be required The following categories of equipment are allowed Rear loaders to include drivers of straight trucks Transfer Tractor Trailer Automatic manual side loaders right or left hand drive Roll Off Front end loaders For the International Road E O all drivers for the different categories of equipment must compete with the same piece of equipment furnished by the host chapter Recommended truck specifications for the International Road E O can be found in the introductory section of the manual Depending on availability the Host Chapter may allow opportunity to test drive equipment The event organizers will post the times when test driving will end prior to the start of the event On vehicles with dual drive the committee should designate a side prior to the event COMPETITION Mechanics Mechanics will be given a written exam and opportunity to exercise trouble shooting techniques Driving Skills Examination The driving skills examination will be accomplished along a prescr
55. inches wider than the machine Points going in 2 must not hit the barrels The middle barrel is twice the machine s length 2XM Points backing around 4 must not hit the barrels The last barrels are eight 8 inches wider than the machine Points going out 2 must not hit the STATION 4 pan drop POINTS MEASURE Seventy five feet from Station 3 the barrels are eight 8 inches wider than the machine mao lee use the string line at the back of the barrels to measure from the tooth or cutting edge Points 0 to 6 inches 4 12 inches 2 12 inches or across string line 0 must not hit the barrels p s STATION 5 load unload Seventy five feet from Station 4 the barrels are eight 8 inches wider than the machine The earth between the barrels is to be previously disturbed The distance between the enter and exit barrels is a function of the loading capabilities of the machine It must be a heaped load spill over sides judge and be accomplished load and unload in the distance between the enter and exit barrels Points going in 4 must not hit the barrels nor have the pan down Points loading 2 must be heaped before exiting The route 2 Unload should be sufficiently long to allow the machine to reach a safe operating speed Points returning 4 must not hit the barrels Points unloading 2 must complete dumping between return enter and exit barrels STATION 6 POINTS DIRECTION Seventy five feet from Station 5
56. ing in the final score and time lapsed the tiebreaker shall be the toss of a coin heads being the winner The decision of which contestant will be heads and which contestant will be tails shall be that of the chief judge Adjudication Questions challenges of scoring and interpretation of the rules shall be adjudicated by the Chief Judge whose decisions shall be final 34 Solid Waste Association of North America Road E O Manual 2011 AD APPENDIX K SWANA SWANA CHAPTER ROAD E O CONTESTANT S CUMULATIVE SCORECARD en RE Score wwimde or sidetoade Serpentine SESA msnuoader ley acto SEA _ rranserTracto Taler RghHmdim S E robot eeens SEA Suaghti S Stop Line J 2 ICLPe mipispecion Ar rake Procedures __ RESULTANT SCORE add above score FINAL CUMULATIVE SCORE include demerits PA Printname Signature Recorder Printname Signature Reviewer Solid Waste Association of North America Road E O Manual 2011 AD APPENDIX L SWANA PRE TRIP INSPECTION PROCEDURES SOLID WASTE ASSOCIATION The Pre Trip Inspection tests the contestant s ability to perform a CDL Pre Trip with the Air Brake Procedure as required by law The contestant should conduct the Pre Trip Inspection on the type of equipment to be driven on the Field Test Course Judging Procedures 1 One point will be given for each item correctly identified during
57. inion bearing pre load T F adjust differential carrier bearing pre load and adjust ring gear and pinion backlash 2 Drive shaft vibration after a new universal joint has been installed can be caused by a drive shaft T F installed out of phase If the drive shaft on a truck rotates but the rear wheels do not move the cause could be a broken differential pinion gear shaft When a vehicle with an automatic transmission is sluggish on acceleration and the engine is sluggish on acceleration but the engine is properly tuned it probably has a bad torque converter A stall test on an automatic transmission will check the converter starter clutch An automatic transmission does not work right The first thing a mechanic should do is T F adjust the bands 7 lfa clutch in a standard transmission application has not enough free play it will cause the clutch to T F drag when disengaged A whining noise from the rear of the vehicle when the accelerator is released and the vehicle is T F coasting is caused by badly worn U joints If a growling grinding or screeching noise is heard when the clutch pedal is depressed the probable cause is a worn or defective clutch release throwout bearing If a light duty vehicle clutch does not release properly after installation of a new clutch disc and pressure plate assembly which are known to be the correct parts the probable cause is badly worn clutch linkage Solid Waste Association of No
58. ions of those competitors will be based upon scores and times achieved in the Chapters Road E Os If the first place winner is unable to attend the International Road E O the second place winner will compete in their place and the third place winner may compete in place of the second place winner If the second place winner is unable to attend the third place winner may compete in place of the second place winner Contestants for the International Road E O can only participate in one event Those competing in the International Road E O will be representing both their chapter and their employer whereas those who compete in the Chapter Road E O will only be representing their employers INTERNATIONAL COMPETITOR COSTS The costs involved in conducting the International Road E O will be borne by the hosting SWANA Chapter However all entry fees and associated travel expenses will have to be borne by the chapters and or the competitor s organization or employer The host chapter will provide all equipment necessary for holding each event listed in this manual that has at least three 3 entrants for the International Road E O In the event that there are less than three entrants for an event the host will have the discretion to make reasonable attempts to see if the entrants can be added to a similar event GENERAL ROAD E O RULES The Road E O Manual is the guideline for chapters to set up their Road E Os If a chapter chooses to modify their Road
59. ken when the engine is idling 2 A dry charged battery never needs electrolyte When replacing battery cables on tapered type posts it is good practice to coat terminals with petroleum jelly or grease 3 If polarity is reversed in an electrical system with an alternator the rectifier diodes will be ruined 4 The need to add excessive water to a battery indicates excessive engine idling 25 Weak brush holder springs will cause brushes to short circuit A no cranking condition with the lights staying bright indicates an open circuit in the cranking system 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 2 2 N O Voltage loss between the alternator and battery may be due to loss in the wiring Battery electrolyte is a solution of hydrochloric acid and water While cranking an engine the voltmeter reads low this probably indicates a bad starter Both headlights are dim on high beam and normal on low beam The probable cause is a poor headlight ground The specific gravity of a battery has been determined to be 1 200 80 degrees F The state of charge is 1 2 charged 23 25 29 30 31 32 33 E1 35 36 37 J 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 1 41 High starter draw could be caused by a bad starter relay In an alternator charging system the output current is high when the battery is fully charged A starter motor should not be operated continuously for more than 60 seconds The starter motor draws electrical
60. king the proper procedure is to replace the defective T F shock absorber Worn bushings in a tandem rear axle suspension can cause drive shaft vibration When a vehicle wanders while driving on level road the probable cause is too much negative T F chamber E To center the steering wheel on a vehicle all you have to do is remove the steering wheel and re install it Too much negative caster on the front wheel will cause the vehicle to pull to the left Solid Waste Association of North America Road E O Manual 2011 HYDRAULICS Hydraulic pumps produce flow not pressure T 2 A pump usually activates because of a restricted inlet or other conditions that allow air spaces to T develop in the incoming fluid 6 Cylinders convert mechanical power to fluid power OTE Cil of too high viscosity can cause a system to work sluggishly when cold and normal when the T F system warms up 9 A pump can generally be usedasamoto CC TT E 10 Galvanized pipe is recommended for high pressure hydraulic plumbing F F H11 Ahydraulicreservoie HT JF Stores T jDisiptesheat dT Helpskeepoilclean dT 12 Whentrouble shooting a hydraulic system you should Kmowthe system T JF Operatethemachine CO T JF Inspectthemachine dT Changepartsuntilyoufindthetrouble TO MEA T JF l l l l jRexhaconduion CD T JF Testyourconcusion CO CO JT JF 13 The valve that controls a packer b
61. lade is called a directional control valve YT fF 14 Apistonpumpisaposiivedisplacementpump TT p 15 A tall narrow hydraulic reservoir is better than a short wideone T F 16 A swash plate is used in a external gear pump T E 17 A typical hydraulic hose on a refuse truck contains two layers of wire braid TF 4 4 4 4 4 4 The most common seal in mobil hydraulic systems is the O ring If you put equal pressure on both ends of a double acting cylinder it will not extend or retract E ELECTRICAL A bad starter relay could cause high starter current draw A volt is a measure of current flow A vehicle battery is a device for storing energy e NNRRNRRNNR TIITIHIITU Battery hydrometer readings should be taken immediately after water has been added The need to add excessive water to a battery indicates the charging rate is too high Diodes can be damaged by an overheated alternator 7 A relay is a device that opens or closes another electrical circuit The engine will not start if the polarity is reversed in an electrical system with an alternator It is ok to replace damaged wire with a lighter gauge wire 10 A poor ground can cause lighting problems Solid Waste Association of North America Road E O Manual 2011 1 1 1 14 1 1 F F F F F F 1 F F pg The specific gravity of the electrolyte in a fully charged battery is usually 1 260 1 280 Battery dyrometer readings should be ta
62. ll begin at the starting line and maneuver through each obstacle without crossing curb lines or striking any barriers Each event is timed timing begins at the entry into the event and the driver must complete the event within the time limit or receive demerits Demerits consist of between five points and fifteen points depending on the event and type of demerit Whenever it becomes necessary for the judge to stop a driver because he she has run over or damaged any course equipment there will be a ten point demerit assessed against the driver The total course time will be 12 minutes Any driver going over the total time limit will receive zero points for the course Each event in the course has its own time limit The first demerit starts as soon as the overtime begins The starter or timekeeper shall start the time as soon as the flag is dropped The driver then proceeds from one problem to the next with professionalism skill and safety The truck course shall be physically marked for the use of time scoring to coincide with markings on each course figure The actual trucks shall be physically marked at the midpoint of the front back and side for the purposes of scoring in the parallel parking Solid Waste Association of North America Road E O Manual 2011 GP FULL COURSE DIAGRAM SWANA ae na START STOP STOP I OFFSET 2 MINUTES N STOP START 1 MINUTE SERPENTINE GN x x x X X n ma ny E RIGHT TURN lx z
63. ly e For ties occurring in the final score the tie breaker shall be the least amount of time lapsed e Forties occurring in the final score and time lapsed the tie breaker shall be the toss of a coin heads being the winner The decision of which contestant will be heads and which contestant will be tails shall be that of the chief judge OPERATOR MAINTENANCE AND SAFETY CHECK As a group the contestants are to be advised that Aten 10 minute time limit is in effect with a three 3 minute warning The judge stops the contestant at the end of the ten 10 minute period regardless of whether they are finished or not They must consider their inspection of the machine at the start of their work day after returning from a two week vacation In effect they would have no idea of what might have happened to the machine during their absence e They must tell the judge what they are checking or observing as they go about their inspections The judge must be thoroughly familiar with the scorecard so as not to impede the contestants in their time Example A contestant must tell the judge that he she is going to grease the unit and the judge will mark the score sheet accordingly Solid Waste Association of North America Road E O Manual 2011 EQUIPMENT OPERATING SKILLS TEST For individual events i e compactor track machine scraper articulated truck articulated front wheel loader the respective contestants should be walk
64. m Headquarters or other sources and that proof of insurance is forwarded to SWANA Headquarters in advance of the event Insurance coverage is required for all chapters whether inside or outside the United States Other certificates may also be required on a local level Using the following Major Items of Expense to be Considered as a guideline the Chairperson will assign the arrangement of the following event necessities to the Site Materials or Awards amp Publicity Coordinators 3 The Site Coordinator s responsibilities are to locate an adequate site for the Road E O set up course markers oversee the delivery and removal of all needed equipment and secure the necessary insurance from Headquarters or other sources and forward proof of insurance to SWANA Headquarters in advance of the event Insurance coverage is required for all chapters whether inside or outside the United States 4 The Materials Coordinator is responsible for determining all equipment and materials needed and arranging for them to be borrowed rented or purchased 5 The Awards and Publicity Coordinator s role is to secure biographical information on contestants and arrange for news releases to local media and SWANA Headquarters The chapter will determine awards and prizes for the Road E O winners It is also strongly suggested that a professional photographer be arranged at best or at least a committee member should be assigned to photograph the events of the day
65. merica Road E O Manual 2011 STOP LINE EVENT The driver is required to approach a line in a continuous movement and to stop the vehicle with the front bumper within six inches of the line The driver is not allowed to lean out of the window or rise up off the seat to judge distance PURPOSE This problem tests the driver s ability to judge the location of the front bumper and gives the driver an opportunity to improve judgement through practice SCORE within 15 to 18 inches of line within 18 to 24 inches of line No score over 24 inches from the line or if the bumper is over the line POSITION MEASUREMENT From the closest point on the bumper excluding bumper bolts etc BARRIERS Use a 15 foot strip of masking tape as the stop line The stop line bold lines below can be marked by a 15 foot strip of three inch masking tape To prevent contestants from veering off to the side for a better view of the line two foot strips of tape shall be run back at right angles to necessitate the vehicle stopping laterally within the marked space EN STOP LINE Solid Waste Association of North America Road E O Manual 2011 PARALLEL PARKING EVENT PURPOSE This event tests the driver s ability to maneuver the vehicle backward into a close space SCORE 50 points within 6 inches of curb 45 points within 6 to 9 inches of curb 40 points within 9 to 12 inches of curb 35 points within 12 to 15 inches of curb 30 points
66. moving or traffic violations within one year prior to the Chapter Road E O In the event a chapter first or second place winner experiences a chargeable accident or receives a moving or traffic violations citation between the chapter event and the International Road E O that competitor will be eligible for the International Road E O However they will not be eligible for their chapter s next Road E O Eligibility should only be affected once per chargeable accident moving or traffic violations 3 Work Attendance Competitors must have a satisfactory work attendance record The three eligibility categories were designed to eliminate unprofessional employees as competitors and to establish Road E O participants as positive examples of employees who are sincere and dedicated to doing the job the best way possible In the Appendices of this manual you will ind the appropriate application materials for International and chapter events The application should be read carefully and completed in full as it contains detailed information on the requirements for the international competitor No incomplete applications will be accepted nor will those submitted without the correct entry fee Solid Waste Association of North America Road E O Manual 2011 WHO CAN PARTICIPATE IN THE INTERNATIONAL ROAD E O Only the first and second place winners for each type of equipment from a chapter can go on to compete in the annual International Road E O Select
67. n While time is important to the competition safety should always be the primary concern 5 Seat belts and where applicable safety harnesses shall be worn during the truck and heavy equipment events If this is not followed there will be a two point deduction taken off the competitor s score This requirement is intended to reinforce the safety concerns surrounding truck and heavy equipment events Solid Waste Association of North America Road E O Manual 2011 14 15 16 17 18 The host chapter must mark off the area where children are prohibited at the competition site to prevent them from climbing on the equipment or running loose in these areas at any point during the day An announcement should be made over the P A system prior to the commencement of the competition indicating what the markers mean and requesting compliance from spectators Judges both Chief Judges and others for the competitions should be selected ahead of time and should be educated on their duties responsibilities Chapters are encouraged to recruit out of town guests as event judges if possible Where possible it is suggested that judges from different chapters be paired together The Road E O Chair is responsible for seeing that the Chief Judges have a Road E O Manual The Chief Judges are then responsible for distributing copies of the scoring rules and scorekeeping binders broken down by category to all judges prior to the start of the comp
68. n one minute for a single vehicle and less than three psi 20 7 kPa in one minute for combination vehicle Now apply the foot brake firmly about 90 psi 620 kPa if you have an application gauge After the initial pressure drop the air pressure should not fall more than three psi in one minute for a single vehicle not more than four psi 27 6 kPa for combination vehicles TEST LOW PRESSURE WARNING SIGNAL Turn the electrical power on and step on and off the brake pedal to reduce air tank pressure The low air pressure warning signal must come on before the pressure drops to less than 60 psi 410 kPa in the air tank or tank with the lowest air pressure in dual systems CHECK THAT THE SPRING BRAKES COME ON AUTOMATICALLY Continue to step on and off the brake pedal to reduce the air tank pressure The parking brake knob should pop out when the air pressure falls to the manufacturer s specification usually in a range between 20 40 psi 137 280 kPa This causes the spring brakes to come on TEST PARKING BRAKE Fasten seat belt Allow vehicle to move forward slowly Apply parking brake If it does not stop vehicle it is faulty get it fixed OR Put the parking brake on and gently pull against it in a low gear to test that the parking brakes will hold If a combination vehicle you must test both the tractor and the trailer parking brakes CHECK RATE OR AIR PRESSURE BUILDUP Start the engine When the engine is at operating rpm the pressure shoul
69. n the form and turn it over to the Scorekeepers Major disassembly will not be required for solving any problems If a competitor starts to disassemble a component that is not defective the judge shall tell the contestant the problem is not there Contestants must leave the inspection area once they have completed their inspections Mechanics who have completed the troubleshooting portion of the Road E O must not talk with contestants that have not competed If this is noted by any Road E O official both contestants will be disqualified Individual scores will not be given out The winner will be announced at the appropriate time by the Road E O officials Tie Breaker In the event two or more contestants have the same final score in the first second or third place positions the following should apply e For ties occurring in the final score the tie breaker shall be the least amount of time lapsed e For ties occurring in the final score and time lapsed the tie breaker shall be the toss of a coin heads being the winner The decision of which contestant will be heads and which contestant will be tails shall be that of the Chief Judge PRE TRIP INSPECTION Each mechanic will be required to perform a CDL Inspection on a vehicle Part of the inspection will include the Air Brake Procedure SCORING A maximum of 281 points can be earned in the Mechanic s Competition EVENT MAXIMUM POINTS 100 points Troubleshooting test 100 point
70. ng current by means of variable resistance is called a voltage limiter T F partially or entirely overcome by using heavier gauge wire u If a vehicle ammeter shows charge when the headlights are turned on after a battery replacement it indicates a fuse in the charging circuit is blown 9 The best freezing and cooling protection is obtained with 100 ethylene glycolintheradiator T r HYDRAULIC BRAKES A split hydraulic brake system is two separate systems with a duel master cylinder Hydraulic brake parts should be cleaned with gasoline 3 When brake drums have been machined turned to the maximum limit specified by the vehicle T F manufacturer or state law and additional machining is needed to true the drum it should be exchanged for a rebuilt drum 4 lfabrake pedal rises and falls or pulsates when brakes are applied the probable cause is glazed T F linings 5 Ona vehicle with disc drum brakes the front brakes grab quickly when light pedal pressure is T F applied This problem could be caused by a bad proportioning valve The purpose of the bar on rear brake applications is to force the shoes into the drum when the T F parking brakes are applied 7 lfa hydraulic brake line is leaking the correct repair would be to replace the leaking line with T F double flared steel tubing Solid Waste Association of North America Road E O Manual 2011 GASOLINE ENGINES The correct firing order of an in line six cylinder e
71. ngine is 1 5 3 6 4 2 IT F 2 Acrackedorlooseintake manifold causes a noticeable drop in oil pressure T F 3_ To start a cold engine a majorrequirementisahighcarburetorfloatleve T F F An increase in compression when heavy oil is put into a cylinder during a compression test indicates worn piston rings F 6 A vacuum gauge is useful for analyzing fuetair aio TE 7 Arecommended tool for measuring the diameter of an engine cylinder is an inside caliper T F 8 A feeler gauge is recommended for checking tread depth of tires MF 9_ If piston rings are installed upside down you will have increased oil consumption YT fF 10 Main bearing oil clearance can be checked with a feeler gauge TO 11 Worn valve guides will cause excessive oil consumption TF A compression test on a in line six cylinder engine indicates 3 and 4 have 10 psi The rest all read 130 135 psi This could be caused by wrong valve timing The device used to check ignition timing with the engine running is a xenon timing light IT F l l l l l l m E F If a timing light flashes before the timing mark lines up with the pointer the time is too late If the timing mark fluctuates it can indicate a badly worn condenser 16 After operation in an engine the color of the center insulator of a spark plug with the correct hear T F range should be black T F _ 7 18 19 Acompression test shows one cylinder ve
72. ning any electrical work which requires the removal of any battery connections disconnect the ground cable first and connect it last after completing work Most batteries are not heavy enough to require proper lifting procedures DRIVE TRAIN TRANSMISSION The correct adjustment sequence during a drive axle overhaul is adjust pinion bearing pre load adjust T differential carrier bearing pre load and adjust ring gear and pinion backlash 2 Drive shaft vibration after a new universal joint has been installed can be caused by a drive shaft installed out of phase 3 If the drive shaft on a truck rotates but the rear wheels do not move the cause could be a broken differential T pinion gear shaft When a vehicle with an automatic transmission is sluggish on acceleration and the engine is sluggish on acceleration but the engine is properly tuned it probably has a bad torque converter 5 adjust the bands when disengaged A whining noise from the rear of the vehicle when the accelerator is released and the vehicle is coasting is caused by badly worn U joints A If a growling grinding or screeching noise is heard when the clutch pedal is depressed the probable cause T is a worn or defective clutch release throwout bearing 10 If a light duty vehicle clutch does not release properly after installation of a new clutch disc and pressure plate assembly which are known to be the correct parts the probable cause is badly w
73. o that an overall Champion the individual who has earned the most total points on any one machine can be selected The sheet before the Inspection Scorecard indicates the suggested items for inclusion in the Maintenance and Safety Check Solid Waste Association of North America Road E O Manual 2011 41 At the international level the Road E O consists of only one section the Equipment Operating Skills Test The operator will drive a piece of machinery through a test course made up of specific problems The operator should demonstrate safety habits and smoothness of operation and will be graded on both COURSE RULES 1 Drivers may not open doors or stick their heads out of windows during the competition 2 Participants must be present at the appointed hour for the walk through Participants must also be present when it is their turn to compete 3 Atimer will time each contestant with a stopwatch by observing each contestant run the entire course The Timer has the discretion to stop the watch for unusual but specified interruptions Such interruptions may include equipment breakdowns spectators on the course destruction of a prop weather related issues or being blocked by the vehicle ahead The Chief Judge will specify exactly what circumstances justify a stop the watch action 4 Tie Breaker In the event two or more contestants have the same final score in the first second or third place positions the following should app
74. of air in an air brake system is the governor 23 If the water is not drained from air system tanks it will displace needed air tank capacity 24 The front axle brake limiting valve is designed to give better vehicle control on slippery roads 25 The main reason for locating a relay valve near the rear wheel brake chambers on long wheel base trucks is to speed up the operation of the rear brakes Parera Sn 26 Excessive oil in the air brake system is probably caused by engine oil pressure being too high COOLING SYSTEM 1 The maximum freezing protection with a mixture of ethylene glycol and water is obtained with a mixture of F 33 1 296 ethylene glycol and 7596 water The function of a thermostat is to prevent overheating When a thermostat fails in the open position the engine runs too hot A thermostat installed backwards will cause the engine to run at a lower than normal temperature 5 The maximum freezing protection is obtained by a mixture of ethylene glycol and water at the rate of 50 F antifreeze and 5096 water l6 A device for regulating current by means of variable resistance is called a voltage limiter 7 Long wire runs such as from a tractor to trailer taillights can result in a voltage drop that can be partially or T entirely overcome by using heavier gauge wire If a vehicle ammeter shows charge when the headlights are turned on after a battery replacement it F indicates a fuse in the charging cir
75. opy of their scores Participants may not discuss any event test with other participants or the judges prior to the completion of the Road E O except during the pre event course walk through see 18 The Road E O course will be marked off and set up as much as possible prior to the start of the event Barricades and barrels will be at the site ahead of time A course walk through with the competitors will be conducted prior to the Road E O During the walk through of the obstacle courses only the Chief Judge or the International Road E O Chair should discuss the scoring principles with the competitors It is a good practice to have the judges for that course attend the walk through so that both judges and competitors hear the same discussions It is strongly suggested that the discussions during the walk through be video recorded Solid Waste Association of North America Road E O Manual 2011 INTERNATIONAL ROAD E O RULES All rules under General Road E O Rules will also apply to International Road E Os 1 Acommitment to obtain needed corporate funding must be made by the host chapter 2 The host chapter four months prior to the International Road E O should provide all chapters that stage Road E Os with Directions and shuttle information from the local airport e Registration hotel and other accommodation details e A map to each of the competition sites 3 The host chapter 30 days prior to the event should provide chap
76. or retract ELECTRICAL s Diodes canbe damaged by an overheated altematon SS T s The engine will not start ifthe polarity is reversedin an electrical systern with an altemator_ F o itisoktoreplace damagedwie with alightergaugewie E 16 The most common current used inavehicl isaltemating curent fF 17 A batery is a device for storing mechanical energy 7 7 7 Fl L8 A battery hydrometer show the battery s rated pai Solid Waste Association of North America Road E O Manual 2011 71 When replacing battery cables on tapered type posts it is good practice to coat terminals with petroleum T jelly or grease A no cranking condition with the lights staying bright indicates an open circuit in the cranking system Voltage loss between the alternator and battery may be due to loss in the wiring While cranking an engine the voltmeter reads low this probably indicates a bad starter 22 23 24 25 N o ground charged A starter motor should not be operated continuously for more than 60 seconds The starter motor draws electrical energy from the battery and converts it to kinetic energy psu Bo Mu K su l i n i m i DI S le l i li l i RS RS 41 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 3 4 4 72 Solid Waste Association of North America Road E O Manual 2011 EMPLOYEE RELATIONSHIPS SAFETY 1
77. orn clutch linkage The clutch brake on a heavy duty manual transmission holds the truck on a steep hill Solid Waste Association of North America Road E O Manual 2011 69 _ elal 7 aa ela On an Allison transmission wrong modulator adjustment could cause upshifts at too low of an engine speed A truck with an Allison transmission may be push started It is safe to tow a truck with an Allison transmission for five miles without disconnecting the drive line STEERING SUSPENSION 1 Hard steering and poor steering return after turns could be caused by replacement kingpins fitted too tight T A steering gear adjusted too tight is a common cause of steering wheel shimmy at road speeds Steering wheel shimmy at road speeds is probably due to front tires and wheels out of balance UJ 1 diel A feather edge wear pattern on the front tires is probably caused by wrong toe in adjustment Keeping spring U bolts tight is an important maintenance operation They should be periodically retightened with the vehicle empty If a shock absorber on the front axle is leaking the proper procedure is to replace the defective shock absorber 7 EN EN EA ru EM I Worn bushings in a tandem rear axle suspension can cause drive shaft vibration When a vehicle wanders while driving on level road the probable cause is too much negative chamber To center the steering wheel on a vehicle all you have to do is remove the ste
78. rth America Road E O Manual 2011 The clutch brake on a heavy duty manual transmission holds the truck on a steep hill 12 Onan Allison transmission wrong modulator adjustment could cause upshifts at too low of an T F engine speed A truck with an Allison transmission may be push started It is safe to tow a truck with an Allison transmission for five miles without disconnecting the drive line 15 The lock up clutch in an Allison automatic disengages the torque converter IT F 116 A stuck governor valve on an Allison transmission will produce upshifts at too low a speed IT F z Low oil will cause an Allison transmission to overheat Tor On an Allison transmission to install a bearing on a shaft you should preheat to 200 degrees Fahrenheit 19 AuilaryAlisontansmssonfesaremoumedteolpa f F ISTEERINGISUSPENSION y Hard steering and poor steering return after turns could be caused by replacement kingpins fitted PIE too tight 2 A steering gear adjusted too tight is a common cause of steering wheel shimmy at road speeds IT F I3 Steering wheel shimmy at road speeds is probably due to front tires and wheels out of balance IT F EN A feather edge wear pattern on the front tires is probably caused by wrong toe in adjustment toe Keeping spring U bolts tight is an important maintenance operation They should be periodically retightened with the vehicle empty 5 If a shock absorber on the front axle is lea
79. ry low when an air line is connected to that cylinder with a spark plug hole adapter air leakage can be heard at the tailpipe The cause is probably broken piston rings The distributor points are connected to the primary coil winding The condenser points are connected to the primary coil winding 20 The exhaust stroke of the piston fills the cylinder with a combustible mixture of air and fuel 21 A carburetor operates on the principle of Ohm s law 2 3 24 Exhaust gas recirculation EGR is designed to reduce combustion temperature for low NOx emissions N A high fuel level in a carburetor bowl will cause the engine to stall N A dirty or partially clogged air cleaner will decrease fuel efficiency 25 A catalytic converter prevents fuel line vapor lock 26 The EGR valve reduces combustion chamber temperatures 68 Solid Waste Association of North America Road E O Manual 2011 AD SWANA MECHANICS ROAD E O SWANA PRATICE TEST ANSWER KEY SHOP SAFETY s Horseplay and practica jokes can causesomeoretogeth IT E If you have used a defective tool once or twice without getting hurt it is probably okay to use it one more time 19 A safe method for lifting is to bend your knees not your back Clean up spills right away and put oily rags in an open container 11 Gas welding goggles are not adequate for arc welding For arc welding use a welding T hood with the proper lens 15 Before begin
80. s 56 points TOTAL 281 POINTS Solid Waste Association of North America Road E O Manual 2011 59 AD SWANA MECHANICS ROAD E O SWANA CONTESTANT S CUMULATIVE SCORECARD SOLID WASTE ASSOCIATION of Nerth America Truck Number Competitor Number Individual Name B Problem solved within allowed time yes no Elapsed Time minutes amp seconds TEST MAXIMUM POINTS Written Test Eo Peme o o e Air Brake ooo __ T Solid Waste Association of North America Road E O Manual 2011 AD SWANA MECHANICS ROAD E O SWANA STUDY GUIDE PRACTICE TEST SOLID ME RATON SHOP SAFETY Eye protection is optional if you are using a protective shield Eye protection should be worn during cleaning operations with compressed air 3 When observing someone else drill or grind only the person performing the work needs eye T F protection 6 Horseplay and practical jokes can cause someone to gethu TF If you have used a defective tool once or twice without getting hurt it is probably okay to use it T F one more time 19 A safe method for lifting is to bend your knees not your back Clean up spills right away and put oily rags in an open container Gas welding goggles are not adequate for arc welding For arc welding use a welding T F hood with the proper lens disconnect the ground cable first and connect it last after completing work The correct adjustment sequence during a drive axle overhaul is adjust p
81. s are to compete in one event only TYPES OF EQUIPMENT The following types of equipment will be part of the competition e Track Machines dozer e Landfill Compactors e Scrapers conventional self loading or articulated truck e Articulated front wheel loader Due to the wide variety of makes and models of machines it behooves the sponsoring entity to advise potential competitors well in advance what machines will be on site for their use year make and model COMPETITOR S POSITION The contestants will draw lots for their respective starting position as being first or last in the competition might be considered advantageous CONTEST LOCATION It is suggested that by necessity most of the Chapter Road E O will have to be conducted on a member s landfill Sufficient space must be available so that the equipment can travel at normal safe operating speeds particularly the scrapers and that soils are available for excavation A possible exception might be during the International Road E O when vendors might be willing to provide demo machines and a suitable vacant land area is available for the contest CONTEST DESCRIPTION At the chapter level the Road E O will be divided into two sections for each type of equipment being employed The sections shall consist of 1 Operator Maintenance and Safety Check and 2 Equipment Operating Skills Test The total points earned for both sections for all types of equipment will be the same s
82. ters that stage Road E Os with e A map of the course layout showing the sequence of events A list of the types of trucks and heavy equipment to be used during the competition 4 The host chapter should arrange for press coverage at the International Road E O Copies of press coverage should be forwarded by the host chapter to SWANA Headquarters to use while assisting the host chapter to promote the event among the international membership via the S WANA website and publications 5 SWANA Headquarters should be notified regarding a commitment of the sites for the competition and the hosting chapter should have selected a hotel within four months prior to the event and times for various activities so that it can go on the announcements sent out to Chapter Presidents and Chapter Road E O Chairs 6 The best available equipment should be obtained for the competition Such equipment should be able to pass state inspections Recommended standards e Rear Loader Tandem axle wheelbase approximately 205 e Automatic Side Loader Tandem axle wheelbase approximately 205 e Front end Loader Tandem axle wheelbase approximately 205 Transfer tractor trailer 223 wheelbase with 24 36 king pin setting 45 50 ft e Roll Off 223 wheelbase e Track Machines loader dozer e Landfill Compactors e Scrapers conventional self loading or articulated dump trucks where scrapers are not available Articulated front wheel loader 7 There should
83. the Pre Trip Total possible points 56 2 The Air Brake Procedure is an all or nothing category All seven steps will need to be followed to earn the 25 points Should the contestant miss one or more items zero points will be awarded Twenty minutes will be given to perform the entire Pre Trip Should a contestant go beyond the 20 minutes the judge will stop the test and add the points earned Pre Trip Inspection The driver is required by Federal law to perform a CDL Inspection before driving a piece of equipment While the maintenance crew or department is responsible for giving the driver a vehicle that is in top mechanical condition it is the driver who must assure at the start of the trip that the vehicle assigned is in good condition The following is page a detailed checklist for completing an inspection Solid Waste Association of North America Road E O Manual 2011 SWA W A If Narth America SOLID WASTE ASSOCIATION al ENGINE COMPARTMENT Oillevel DJ _ Cooantlevel Power steering fluid belt Water pump belt Alternator belt Air compressor belt Any leaks hoses ENGINE START Clutch gearshift Temperature Oil pressure builds Amp meter volt meter Air brakes test Steering play Mirror amp windshield Wipers washers Lighting indicators Horn s Heater defroster Safety belt emerg equip FRONT SUSPENSION Spring Spring mounts Shock absorber Rims Hub oil seal Tires 2 32 wear Lug nuts
84. ts What follows in this document are the rules governing all International Road E Os and guidelines for Chapter Road E Os Questions on the manual should be directed to SWANA Headquarters Recommendations for changes can also be presented to SWANA Headquarters in writing All proposed changes will be discussed at the annual Road E O Meeting of the International Road E O Committee held each year at WASTECON PLANNING FOR A LOCAL OR INTERNATIONAL ROAD E O Organization of the Road E O Each year chapters that plan to sponsor a Road E O must establish a procedure to conduct this event The more time allowed for preparation the easier the actual competition will go In preparation for this event a Road E O committee should be established Included on this committee should be a Chairperson Site Coordinator Materials Coordinator and an Awards amp Publicity Coordinator The roles of these individuals as well as some of the issues relating to eligibility and financial matters concerning the committee are as follows 1 Financing The chapter may finance the Chapter Road E O from its reserves or may charge a competition fee Solicitation of event sponsors is also permitted Solid Waste Association of North America Road E O Manual 2011 2 The Road E O Chairperson oversees the general planning and implementation of the Road E O The Chair also works with the Site Coordinator to ensure that the chapter acquires the necessary insurance fro
85. ur 4 points If the measurement is 6 12 12 24 for dozer and compactor the competitor will receive two 2 points If the measurement exceeds 12 24 for dozer and compactor or the competitor comes in contact with the barrel then the competitor will receive no points STATION 5 Fifty feet seventy five feet for compactor from Station 4 the barrels are four 4 inches wider than the machine The competitor enters the barrels going in reverse The blade bucket must be in light contact with the ground from the entrance of Station 5 Points going in are two 2 if no contact with first set of barrels occurs Points going out are two 2 if no contact with second set of barrels occurs The blade bucket must be raised while between the exit barrels STATION 6 Fifty feet seventy five feet for compactor from Station 5 the barrels are eight 8 inches wider than the machine The competitor is to push the drum set up between the first set of barrels fifty feet seventy five feet for compactor without crushing it and leave it between the second set of barrels The machine then backs out of the station either right or left and circles around to push drum back between the first set of barrels The competitor receives four 4 points for pushing drum between the two sets of barrels without crushing the drum or coming in contact with any barrel The competitor receives four 4 points for returning the drum back to its original location without
86. wing are general requirements when competing on the course 1 The blade of the machine must be kept in a position that does not provide an unfair advantage when going between the barrels At no time should the blade be above the height of the barrels when going between the barrels 2 Competitors are allowed to adjust their equipment when they are entering a station which can include stopping going in reverse going forward to get a better angle Because the competition is based on being safe when an operator has a bad angle in their daily operations we would want them to adjust and get a better angle The time it takes to make adjustments will affect their time However on the station where the competitor is performing the blade drop it should be in one continuous motion and the blade must not be above the height of the barrel 3 The competitor loses associated points at any station if they come in contact with the barrel while going through the station The competitor also loses points if soil they disturb with the machine comes in contact with the barrel as they go through the station The blade of the machine should not come in contact with the ground other than at the blade drop back drag and possibly the barrel roll stations STATION 1 The timing begins when equipment s front end breaks the plane of the starting barrels The contestant starts out going forward and proceeds to their right to Station 1 located fifty feet seventy five f
87. without touching side barriers or the rear barrier and must come within a certain distance of the rear barrier PURPOSE This event tests the driver s ability to maneuver the vehicle backwards through a narrow space and to judge the distance to the rear of the vehicle SCORE TRACTOR TRAILERS ONLY 50 points within 6 inches of line 45 points within 6 to 12 inches of line 40 points within 12 to 18 inches of line 35 points within 18 to 24 inches of line ALL OTHER VEHICLES 50 points 45 points 40 points 35 points 30 points within 24 to 30 inches of line 25 points within 30 to 36 inches of line 20 points within 36 to 42 inches of line 15 points within 42 to 48 inches of line within 48 to 54 inches of line within 54 to 60 inches of line within 30 to 33 inches of line No score over 60 inches or bumper is over the No score over 33 inches or bumper is over the line line DEMERIT 5 points for each instance of incidental minor running over the curb line of the street 5 points for each instance of taking more than one free pull up backing in 15 points for striking a side barricade 50 points for each instance of intentional flagrant running over the curb line of the street No score for hitting the rear barricade 30 points within 15 to 18 inches of line 25 points within 18 to 21 inches of line 20 points within 21 to 24 inches of line 15 points within 24 to 27 inches of line within 27 to 30 in

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