Notice MW1008P en
Contents
1. 100 100uH TD 10 15 Nf K 1mF X Tour 1uH 300m d ApH 10 100 D K gt 100nH 100mF 100 10m N N 100Hz 1kHz 10KHZ 25kHz MWI1OOSP user manual 32 OPERATION MODE Le MW1008P utilise la technique du pont auto quilibr pour d terminer une imp dance inconnue en mesurant la tension aux bornes du composant et le courant le traversant La figure A montre le schema bloc du MW1008P et montre comment l instrument mesure des impedances inconnues Un signal sinusoidal est applique sur l imp dance inconnue ZX a travers une r sistance source Rs qui change suivant la gamme d imp dance Le r le de l amplificateur transimp dance A est de faire circuler le courant Jr qui circule dans l imp dance inconnue dans la r sistance de r f rence Rr tout en maintenant le point de Jonction de Zx et Rr zero volt masse virtuelle Aux bornes de nous trouvons une tension V2 Ir Rr Les tensions VI et V2 respectivement pr sentes aux bornes de l imp dance inconnue et aux bornes de la r sistance de r f rence sont aiguill es vers un amplificateur diff rentiel 2 par le commutateur A L utilisation du m me amplificateur pour la mesure de la tension et du courant permet de s affranchir des facteurs d chelle et de ses d rives Les parties r elles et imaginaire de la tension et du courant sont obtenus en multipliant ces tensions par un signal carr coh rent ave2. 8 Pressez la touche pour sauvegarder les param tres d talonnage en m moire non volatile L instrument doit afficher fugitivement Passed pour signaler que la m morisation s est bien d roul e MWIOOSP user manual 36 Procedure de modification des valeurs des r sistances L afficheur indique RCALX XXXXXX Pressez la touche choix EDIT pour modifier la valeur Un curseur appara t sous le premier chiffre gauche Le chiffre peut tre incr ment par la touche ou d cr ment par la touche MENU La position du curseur peut tre modifi par la touche d placement vers la droite ou par la touche MODEL d placement vers la gauche Validez la valeur en pressant la touche sous OK La premi re tape consistant param trer l talonnage est maintenant termin e ne nous reste plus qu proc der la calibration proprement dite CALIBRATION Avant de pr c der la calibration la premi re tape d crite pr c demment doit tre effectu e dans son int gralit La proc dure de calibration comprend plusieurs tapes qu il faut r aliser dans l ordre A partir du menu PARAM CAL EXIT 1 Pressez la touche n Vs M choix CAL L instrument affiche l cran ci contre L instrument va proc der une calibration en circuit ouvert L instrument se servira de cette calibration pour compenser les l ments parasites lors des calibrations des r sistances Il est pa
3. de phase ici Vi 0 79745 0 23967 0 55778 of il Vous pouvez effectuer la m me chose avec le courant en pressant la touche L C R Les valeurs affich e sont des valeurs normalis es issues directement du convertisseur allant de 0 1 MWIOOSP user manual 42 ORMELABS 1 All e des rochers 94045 CRETEIL FRANCE Web www ormelabs com Email infos ormelabs com Tel 33 0 9 51 23 74 80 MWI1OOSP user manual 43
4. pressing of this key changes the measurement impedance range 1 6 Pressing this key for longer than two seconds returns the unit to auto ranging or normal mode The range is displayed in the top right corner of the display The A character behind the Range number indicates that the instrument is in Auto Range mode In Manual or Hold ranging mode this letter becomes a blinking H character Pressing this key for two seconds or longer returns to MWI1OOSP user manual 9 the Auto mode See also chapter Impedance ranges page 24 for more details about impedance ranges MODEL The MODEL key selects between a series or parallel equivalent circuit model for the device under test Pressing this key for two seconds or longer places the Model selection in Auto mode In this case the instrument selects the most appropriate model MENU The MENU key allows access to a series of special configurable parameters Pressing this key displays the programmable options The current state of each option is displayed on the first line of the LCD as that option is selected To move through the Menu press the key under the forward or back arrows displayed on the LCD Default value Backlight ON The backlight can be set to ON or OFF To turn the backlight off press the key under OFF This option turns the audible alert function ON or OFF Set this feature to ON to compensate for random noise eg that 1s apparent when measuring some comp
5. 5 C Base precision 0 2 150 lt Z lt 300kQ et f lt 1kHz See the accuracy section for detailed accuracy specifications Various Fixture 4 wires Kelvin on CB connector Protection Protected up to 1 Joule of stored energy 100 VDC max for charged capacitors Zeroing open short circuit compensation Compensation limits Short lt 20 Q 7 lt 50 Q Open Z gt 10 Sorting Selection of tolerance 1 2 5 10 or 20 Averaging 2 to 8 measurements General Operating Conditions 0 50 C lt 80 relative humidity Power supply 7 5 15 150 mA with light lt 100 mA without Dimensions 6 125 in x 1 5 in x 3 875 in WxHxL Options MW108 Varactor adapter MWI0 Universal 4 wires Kelvin cable mini pincers MW KELV Kelvin pincers cable MW SMT SMT cable TERMS AND SYMBOLS Rs or ESR Serial resistance Real part of impedance ene A Reactance ohm Q imaginary part of impedance G Conductance See Real part of admittance Y Susceptance siemens S MWI1OOSP user manual 5 D Dissipation factor Phase angle of Z Primary voltage transformer transformer Imaginary par of admittance PREFIXES OF MEASUREMENT UNITS Multiplier 1000000 1000 0 001 0 000001 0 000000001 0 000000000001 GLOSSARY Coil Capacity Capacitor Test frequency Range Impedance Scientific Ingineer Symbol 10 Mega M 10 Kilo k 10 milli m 10 micr
6. Key LICIR X Increments N1 of 10 units Key Increments of one unit Key MODEL Decrements 1 of 10 units Key MENU Decrements 1 of one unit Key Frequ Multiply N2 by 2 Key ISP Divide N2 by 2 MWIOOSP user manual 24 IMPEDANCE RANGES The MW1008P has 6 ranges of impedance RI R6 The impedance range can be Range 2 Resi Inductance Capaci source stance H tance selected manually or the instrument can be m i 0 01 uH 99 9 mF 10Q 2 4 f 10 6 f mF 10 Q 2 4 f 10 6 f mF 1009 3300 52 5 f 482 f uF 330 Q 52 5 f 482 f uF 3 3 525 f 48 2 f uF 13 3 kQ 525 f 48 2 f uF 33 KQ 5252 f 4 82 f uF kQ 1 1 11 111 configured in auto range mode which is the normal mode of the instrument The current range is indicated on the right of the first line of the display The letter behind the range number indicates is the instrument is in auto mode A or manual mode blinking H A long press on key switches instrument to auto mode A regular press 33kQ 5252 f 4 82 f uF 800kQ 52520 f 0 48 f to f th ro 800K2 52520 0 48 f pF allows to freeze the current range Successive 100 MO 9999 0 001 pF presses allows to choose the desired range The table below gives the limits of impedance for each range F corresponds to the test frequency in kHz Ranges and R6 are extended ranges since they use reference resistances from r
7. appropriate range The manual mode allows to get a faster response since the instrument doesn t have to search for the correct range for each measure It is besides one of the few cases where manual mode should be used SERIES AND PARALLEL MODELS The key allows to choose the model to use Please refer also to PASSIVE COMPONENTS paragraph above In case of doubt use the auto mode by a long press on this key or use series model which 15 most generally appropriate DISPLAY MODES The key DISP Allows to select the display mode among three different ones Successive presses on the key DISP allow to get the following display modes e The measured value e The difference between value to the current value The symbol A next to the parameter indicates that this function is active If the sorting mode 1s active the message PASS FAIL will be displayed on the second line according to the value of the component the nominal value and the tolerance percentage defined by the user e The difference in percentage to the current value The symbol A and unit in indicates that this function 1s activated MWI1OOSP user manual 23 TEST CONDITIONS TEST FREQUENCIES There are ten possible test frequencies 100 Hz 120 Hz 250 Hz 500 Hz 1 0 kHz 2 5 kHz 5 kHz 10 kHz 12 5 kHz 15 625 kHz and 25 kHz An additionnal frequency can be defined by the user among more than 500 possible frequencies between 100 Hz and 25 kHz The precision of th
8. au primaire et ainsi d obtenir une tension secondaire appropri e lorsque le rapport de transformation est lev En mode de mesure d inductance mutuelle l instrument mesure le courant primaire et la tension secondaire pour d terminer une imp dance Zu vs ip puis l inductance mutuelle est calcul e M o Source Resistor 100 MWI1OOSP user manual 35 CALIBRATION Le MW1008P peut tre calibre a l aide d un kit de six r sistances talon 10 100 1 10 100 et 1 MQ ou d un calibrateur externe La valeur de chaque r sistance est not e sur le l emballage de ces r sistances La calibration n cessite une connexion Kelvin quatre fils Cette connexion peut tre r alis e l aide d un des c bles disponibles MW10 ou MW11 La calibration doit tre effectu e une seule fois Toutefois nous recommandons de refaire la calibration tous les ans afin de se pr munir contre les d rives a longs termes Les coefficients calcul s par l instrument durant le processus de calibration sont sauvegard s en m moire non volatile Un checksum de la m moire est effectu la mise sous tension et un message d erreur appara tra en cas de probl me Mettre en marche le MW1008P et attendre un minimum de 15 minutes avant de commencer la proc dure de calibration La proc dure comporte deux tapes diff rentes La premi re tape consiste d une entrer les valeurs des r
9. circuit below valid for impedance ranges 1 and 2 Point LD corresponds to a virtual ground the capacitor 1s thus polarized HS LS by external voltage VBIAS This R1 C2 voltage must be well filtered one will Si Lo avoid the use of switching power Capacitor L under test supply For safety reasons one will limit to 40V the maximum bias voltage The value of the Cl capacitor will have to be such as its impedance 15 low compared to the source resistance 100 for ranges 1 and 2 A value of 470 uF 63V will be sufficient in most VBIAS lt 100V cases The value of resistor R2 will be of 390 A short zeroing should be performed replacing the capacitor by a D MWI1OOSP user manual 15 short circuit One has to wait until displayed value is stabilized because of the circuit time constants It 1s possible to use this circuit for low capacities in this case it 1s necessary to adapt R2 and C1 values to resistance source One will choose R2 so that its value is large compared to source resistance capacitor must be large enough not to increase resistance source too much One will take for R2 a value 4 or 5 times the source resistance and for a value such that its reactance is negligible compared to source resistance for the 100 Hz frequency 100 470 uF 390 100 470 uF 390 10 4 7 F 100 kQ 470 nF 390 6 100KQ 470 nF 390 kQ 3 9 3 Inductors Inductors are measured in Henrie
10. key and step backward or forward using the appropriate arrow key to the AL display option Select OFF and press the Menu key again Save the current configuration MWI1OOSP user manual 11 DISP The ISP key selects the manner_that the value of a component will be displayed If the Sorting mode is disabled pressing DISP cycles through the following display types The value being measured The deviation of the value from the current value The D symbol next to the measured parameter indicates that this function 15 active The percent of deviation from the current value The D symbol next to the measured parameter indicates that this function 1s active In Sorting Mode pressing cycles through the following display types The value being measured The percent of deviation from a stored value The D symbol next to the measured parameter indicates that this function is active In this mode a PASS FAIL message 15 shown in the second line of the display according to the measured deviation and the selected tolerance CAL The key allows access to open short compensation Pressing the CAL key displays the zeroing options on the second line of the LCD Open Short Exit This option will zero the LCR meter for the currently selected test frequency Pressing the CAL key for more than two seconds displays the zeroing options OPEN SHORT Exit note that the options are in all capital letters This option performs an open
11. pour la tension Chacun de ces deux vecteurs n a aucune signification propre par contre le rapport de ces deux vecteurs division des modules et diff rence des phase donnent l imp dance Veuillez aussi vous reporter au chapitre DIAGNOSTIC pour de plus amples d tails Le signal issu du d tecteur de phase est int gr sur une dur e multiple de la fr quence de test et la plus proche possible de 20 ms ou 16 67 ms selon que l on est en pr sence d un secteur 50 Hz ou 60 Hz La valeur r sultante est obtenue en mesurant la d charge du condensateur d int gration l aide d un compteur MWIOOSP user manual 34 MESURE DES PARAMETRES DES TRANSFORMATEURS Cette fonctionnalit permet la mesure des param tres de transformateurs grace un En mode commutateur analogique qui permet la mesure de la tension High Sense pour le secondaire ou de la tension High Drive pour le primaire Les points Low Drive et Low Source sont connect s a la masse via une masse virtuelle de mesure du rapport de transformation l instrument mesure successivement la tension primaire et la tension secondaire puis effectue le rapport vectoriel de ces deux grandeurs Le primaire du transformateur est aliment par le g n rateur du signal de test via la r sistance source La r sistance source est de 100Q pour les gammes 2 et 3 et 1 pour la premi re gamme Cette derni re valeur de r sistance source permet de r duire la tension appliqu e
12. short calibration through the entire range of test frequencies MWI1OOSP user manual 12 OPERATING POWER ON THE INSTRUMENT The instrument can be powered either by a 9V battery or by an external power supply In this last case the power supply must be well filtered and its voltage must lie between 8 and 15 Consumption is 150mA approximately when the backlight is activated In the case of battery use a warning message 15 displayed when the voltage is below 7V In this case the backlight is automatically deactivated Besides we advise you not to use lighting when the instrument is supplied by battery which makes it possible to divide by two the consumption of the instrument The battery replacement requires the opening of the battery compartment PASSIVE COMPONENTS All non ideal passive component resistor capacitor or inductor can be represented by a real part the resistance in series or in parallel with an imaginary part reactance inductance if positive or capacitance if negative The impedance varies with frequency The series or parallel model are equivalent at a given frequency and one can goes from one model to the other one thanks to the equations below Generally one model is more appropriate than the other one in a given measurement conditions that is to say when the series or parallel resistance represent a physical property of the part Temperature can have a large impact on the DUT impedance Usually capacitor
13. shown on the bottom line The number of displayed digits and the location of the decimal point are automatically Indicateur Param tre d onction auto principal mode automatique mod le Param tre fr quence automatique secondaire de test adjusted according to the range and resolution The A symbol in front of the major parameter indicates that the measurement is displayed as a relative or absolute deviation from a nominal value A dark arrow present in the top left of the display indicates the unit is in the Auto Parameter mode If a dark arrow is displayed in the bottom left of the LCD the unit is in the Auto Model mode The Range 15 indicated at the top right of the display The A character behind the Range number indicates that the instrument is in auto range mode In Manual or Hold ranging mode this letter becomes a blinking H character The selected test frequency is displayed on the bottom right of the display The word USER 15 displayed when the user frequency 15 selected MWI1OOSP user manual 8 KEYPAD The keypad is used to select measurement conditions and to enter values All keys have two functions depending LICIR N Vs M Freq Hold Range whether the key is pressed AUT AUTO momentarily or for two d E seconds or longer MODEL a DISP CAL L C R AUTO This key selects the parameter being measured Pressing the L C R key steps through the major parameters to manua
14. thickness than the component to measure and proceed to open circuit calibration Case of measurements on transformers The OPEN SHORT calibration must not be used MWI1OOSP user manual 27 CONNECTING TO A PASSIVE COMPONENT The MWI1008P uses a Kelvin type connection with 4 wires to measure the component This allows the instrument to let a current pass through the component using wires LD Low Drive and HD High Drive and to measure the voltage at its terminals using wires HS High Sense and LW Low Sense This configuration increases the precision for low impedances The MWI10 cable included in the package has 4 mini pincers This cable can be used as well for for standard 2 terminals passive components as for transformers The 2 red mini pincers correspond to signals HD and HS while the black ones correspond to signals LD et HS The red sleeve one one of the wires correspond to the current signals The impedance is measured between those two points LD LS HS HD HD and LD The use of Kelvin pincers cable MW KELV is easier because the signals LD LS and HS HD are internally wired inside each pincer When you measure weak or strong impedances it is necessary to perform a calibration of the measurement cable used see paragraph before MWI1OOSP user manual 28 PINOUT OF THE CB CONNECTOR The pinout of the CB type DUT connector is given below side view This allows to make your own test cables For a cla
15. user definable The LCR meter is controlled by a high speed micro controller with embedded logic that controls the display and keypad as well as setting measurement conditions and performing calculations Please refer to chapter Operation for more details about instrument operation SPECIFICATIONS Functions Auto L Q C D R Q Z 0 R X G B N 0 N 0 Vs Vp M L AL C Vr varactor option Equivalent circuit Series or parallel Displayed parameters Value Deviation deviation Measurement display L Q L 0 01 uH 99 99 H Q 0 0001 100 C D C 0 001 pF 99999 uF D 0 0001 10 R Q R 1 99 9 Q 0 001 100 IZ 0 L 1 mO 99 9 MQ 180 00 180 00 R X R 1 99 9 A 1 99 9 G B N 0 N 1 9999 180 00 180 00 N 0 N 0 0001 1 180 00 180 00 Vs Vp Vs 230V N LI5V N resolution 0 01 V Vp 115V or 230V M O01uH 9999H LAL L 0 01 uH 99 99 H Au _L N N user definable from 1 to 999 with varactor adapter MW 108 C Vr 0 001 pF 99999 uF Vr 0 00 5 0V or 0 0 28 0V Test conditions Test frequencies 100 Hz 120 Hz 250 Hz 500 Hz 1 kHz 2 5 kHz 5 kHz 7 8125 kHz 12 5 kHz 15 625 kHz 25 kHz Test voltage 0 5 Vrms 10 no load MWI1OOSP user manual 4 Measurement rate 2 measures per second without averaging Ranging Auto or manual Precision Conditions At least 15 minutes warm up 23 C
16. value ix Q 500 is displayed in the first line the reactance in the second one These two values are respectively the real part and the imaginary part of the DUT Units are Q kQ or MQ Conductance and Susceptance These two values are respectively the real and imaginary part of the admittance Y 1 Z Units S mS or LS D 500 Q 0 002 500 switches the instrument in ee automatic mode The instrument determines the function the most appropriate function according to some criterias resumed in the graphic below When impedance is below 10 mQ the resistance function is selected MWI1OOSP user manual 19 MEASUREMENTS ON TRANSFORMERS The MW1008P has a special function for measuring a transformer ratio between primary and secondary windings calculation of the equivalent secondary voltage for a supply transformer and for measuring mutual inductance between primary and secondary windings press key n Vs M The primary winding of the transformaer shall be connected on VA wires HD and LD with a red sleeve The secondary winding inversion the instrument displays LS HS an overflow message OVERFLOW on ranges 2 and 3 PRIM AIRE SECONDAIRE The instrument has 3 measurement ranges according to the value of the turns ratio The instrument places itself on the first range voltage is attenuated by a higher source impedance which allows a wider secondary voltage measurement range The rea
17. with a Q less than 1 will not be automatically detected The LCR meter will default to the Rs mode Increasing the test frequency to where the inductor Q is greater than 1 will then switch the major parameter to L If at the highest test frequency the does not raise above 1 manually selecting the L mode will give the value of the inductor Inductors biasing Inductor under test For measurement in range 1 or 2 one will take the following values R2 R3 390 Q 1W C1 C4 470 uF 160V MWIOOSP user manual 17 Bias current is I VBIAS R2 R3 r When using this circuit one will avoid to disconnect the insductor while a current is flowing into it VBIAS voltage should be decresed down to OV in order to discharge the coil Opening the circuit can introduce a high voltage with high energy which can be dangerous id the inductance or the current is high Resistors The unit of measurement for resistance 1s the Ohm Of the three basic circuit components resistors cause the fewest measurement problems This is true because it is practical to measure resistors by applying a dc signal or relatively low ac frequencies Resistors are usually measured at dc or low frequency ac where Ohm s Law gives the true value under the assumption that loss factors are accounted for Model For low values of resistors below 1 the choice usually becomes a low frequency measurement in a series equivalent mode Series because the reacti
18. 008P allows comparison of components parameters to a pre defined value The instrument will calculate the difference to the pre programmed value which could be displayed in absolute difference or percentage formats To access sorting function press key Menu For the other options of menu please refer to description of the Menu key described in page 9 Press the key below right arrow n Vs M until the option Sorting appears Validate this function by pressing key below ON To define the tolerance percentage press the key below option Next until the desired tolerance is displayed Possible values are 1 2 5 10 and 20 Press the key below right arrow Enter nominal value of the component For this press the key below EDIT A cursor appears below the figure to be modified To change the figure press the key below option CHANGE The figure will increment by one unit at each press To go to next figure press key NEXT The cursor will move below the next figure Modify this way the value until getting the desired value The unit at the end of the number can also be modified The available options pico 10 nano 10 micro 10 m milli 10 white as displayed k kilo 10 and M Mega 10 When the value is entered press the key below option OK The entered value appears now on the first line Press the key below right arrow Configure the alert notification when the measured compon
19. AL C D R Q Z 0 R X G B AUTO Pressing more than 2s the L C R key Inductance and quality factor Inductance is displayed in the first line of the LCD Units are mH ou Q is the ratio of the imaginary part to the real part an dis unit less If Q 1s positive the component 15 inductive capacitive in the other case Inductance and parameter This values replace L Q values when the AL mode is selected value is computed from the inductance and a given turn number AL L n Capacity and dissipation factor The capacity is displayed in the first line The capacity is either the series equivalent capacity Cs either the parallel equivalent capacity Cp Units are pF nF uF or mF D is the ratio of the real part to the imaginary part If the value displayed is negative the component is inductive The resistance is either the series resistance Rs or ESR or the parallel resistance Rp of the DUT Units are Q KQ or MQ Absolute value and phase angle of the DUT The absolute value is displayed in the first line The phase angle corresponds to the phase difference between the current and the voltage The instrument can measure phase angles between 180 00 and 180 00 A negative value indicates a capacitive component a positive value indicates an inductive component High quality capacitors have a phase angle closed to 90 00 Resistors have a phase angle closed to 0 Resistance et Reactance Resistance
20. MIRE LABS RLC bridge MW1008P User Manual Copyright Ormelabs 2010 http www ormelabs com MWIOOSP user manual 1 Table of contents General Information Specifications Terms and symbols Prefixes of measurement units Glossary Generalities Display Keypad Operation Passive Components Displayed parameters Polarisation of electrochemical capacitors Polarisation of coils Measurement of batteries impedance Components sorting Serial and Parallel models Displays types Test conditions Test frequencies Impedances ranges Open short calibration Connecting to a passive component Connecting to a transformer Pinout of DUT connector Precision Precision of resistances impedances Precision of inductances Precision of capacitors Theory of operation Signal generator Phase detector and analog digital converter Transformers Calibration Parameterizing the calibration Calibration Error messages Diagnostics Keyboard test Buzzer test 1 complex A D results MWI1OOSP user manual 2 14 15 17 18 18 20 21 21 23 23 25 25 24 27 28 29 30 30 29 30 30 32 33 34 35 36 36 37 MWIOOSP user manual 3 GENERAL INFORMATIONS The MW1008P LCR Meter is a multi frequency impedance measuring instrument capable of measuring resistance capacitance inductance or transformer parameters from 1 mQ to 100 MQ The MW1008P LCR meter has a basic accuracy of 0 2 and has 11 test frequencies plus one
21. WI1OOSP user manual 39 Lorsqu on appuie sur une touche le r sultat a de la conversion est affich que la position a de la touche Ici la touche L C R est SCENE Le CAL appuy e donnant la valeur 1023 La croix en ts haut gauche symbolise la touche appuy e elle reste affich e lorsque la touche est rel ch e L cran ci contre montre que l on devrait obtenir lorsque la touche n Vs M est appuy e La tension issue du clavier peut tre mesur e avec un multimetre imp dance d entr e 10M aux bornes de R70 Vous pouvez comparer les r sultats avec ceux donn s dans le tableau ci dessous Les valeurs peuvent diff rer de quelques pourcents cause de la tol rance des composants quipant la carte clavier Tension Valeur Touche R70 affich e V Test du buzzer Ce test est utile lorsque l on rencontre un probl me avec le buzzer Appuyez sur la a ECS touche sous ON pour activer le buzzer ou sur touche OFF pour d sactive le buzzer Lorsque le buzzer est actif on devrait mesurer une tension d environ 3 2V aux bornes de celui ci Pik a ft 5 i v complexes Ce mode donne acc s aux composantes en phase et en quadrature qui sont utilis es pour calculer la valeur finale L instrument d termine deux vecteurs dans le domaine complexe le premier pour la tension et le second pour le courant Chacun de ces deux vecteurs comporte une composante en phase r elle eue
22. an depend on the quality of the device but primarily the capacitor s measured value most closely represents its effective value when the more suitable equivalent circuit series or parallel is used To determine which model is best consider the impedance magnitudes of the capacitive reactance and Rs and Rp Remember that reactance 15 inversely proportional to so a small capacitor yields a large reactance This implies that the effect of parallel resistance Rp has a more significant effect than that of Rs Since Rs has little significance m this case the parallel circuit model should be used to more closely represent the effective value The opposite is true when C has a large value In this case the Series Resistance Rs is more significant than Rp thus the series circuit model becomes appropriate Mid range values of C require a more precise reactance to resistance comparison but the logic remains the same The rule of thumb for selecting the most appropriate model should be based on the impedance Z of the capacitor Above approximately 10 kQ use parallel model Below approximately use series model Between these values follow the manufacturer s recommendation Polarisation of electrolytics capacitors The MW1008 generates a sinusoidal signal of 0 5Veff centered on OV In certain cases it can be necessary to polarize the capacitor to avoid the inversion of polarity across the capacitor This can be carried out simply by the
23. anges R2 and RS R2 R3 R4 RS 6 Note The ranges are impedance ranges and not capacitance or inductance ranges The manual choice of a range implies to know the impedance of the component at the current test frequency The manual test mode should be reserved to measure similar components which impedance is known and doesn t vary too much In all other cases the instrument should be configured to auto mode The choice of a wrong impedance range will give an unstable measurement or the display of message OVERFLOW The source resistance of the generator 1s linked to the range as indicated in the table below R SOURCE column The real voltage at the component terminals will then depend on the range and on its impedance as shown on the graphics below Voltage V 1 E 01 1 00 1 E 01 1 E 02 1 E 03 1 E 04 1 E 05 1 E 06 1 E 07 1 E 08 Component impedance MWI1OOSP user manual 25 OPEN SHORT CALIBRATION This function allows to compensate for the parasitics elements of the test cable in order to take them into account during value display The model used 15 the one shown on the figure below Ym Virtual admittance Zy Measured Impedance Z595 Residual impedance Ras Residual resistance Lss Residual inductance pe Stray admitiance Cpp Stray conductance Cop Stray copacitance oi Nermol meosurement mode os e ti ql D 55 hi OPEN zero mode fc SHORT z
24. c le g n rateur sinusoidal D tecteur de Phase Une r ponse proportionnelle a la partie en phase ou en quadrature est obtenue La mesure finale est confi e un convertisseur double rampe qui est lu par le micro contr leur Le rapport de ces deux vecteurs donne l imp dance inconnue Celle ci est corrig e par des facteurs de calibration pour le module de l imp dance comme pour la phase Les param tres mesures tels que L C R Q D sont math matiquement d duits de l imp dance mesur e selon le mod le choisi s rie ou parall le et la fr quence de test choisie par l utilisateur Phase Delector Differential Amplifier SIGNAL GENERATOR Le g n rateur de signal a pour r le de g n rer un signal sinusoidal faible distorsion et dont la fr quence est param trable La fr quence peut tre choisie parmi les choix suivants 100 120 250 500 1 k 2 5 5 7 8 12 5 15 6 kHz et 25 kHz La niveau est fix 0 5V eff Le signal sinusoidal est g n r a partir d un signal carr en utilisant un filtre passe bas elliptique programmable du 5 ordre capacit s commut es La fr quence de coupure est d termin e par la fr quence du signal d horloge et vaut 1 28 fois la fr quence du signal de test La sortie du filtre est un signal sinusoidal sur chantillonn lt 100 un simple filtre passe bas du premier ordre LPF2 supprime une grande partie des harmoniques restantes La distorsion harmoni
25. composante en quadrature imaginaire Les coordonn es absolues de ces deux vecteurs sont relatives la r sistance de r f rence de la gamme en cours Pour donner un sens physique ces vecteurs il faut les multiplier par la valeur de la r sistance de r f rence en cours qui d pend de la gamme Dans ce la gamme et la fr quence peuvent tre modifi es La touche L C R permet de choisir entre les coordonn es de la tension ou du courant MWI1OOSP user manual 40 Le crans ci contre monte le r sultat lorsqu un condensateur de IuF est connect a l instrument avec une fr quence test de 1 kHz L imp dance th orique du condensateur est d environ 159Q at 1kHz S lectionnez donc la gamme 2 pour obtenir un rapport signal bruit maximum La r sistance de r ference typique est de 100 Q pour la gamme 2 Les coordonn es du vecteur tension sont 55 7Q pour la partie r elle et 34 7Q pour la partie imaginaire Pressez la touche L C R pour acc der aux coordonn es du vecteur courant Les coordonn es de ce second vecteur sont 21 9 Q pour sa partie r elle et 32 1Q pour sa partie imaginaire est possible de calculer le module de l imp dance du condensateur CN E Z 100 x 100 65 62 41 36 A 158 60 En r alit cette valeur pourra tre 3 l g rement diff rente car nous avons suppose 55 70 que la r sistance de r f rence vaut 100 ohms 3 exactement Les coefficients de calibration ne so
26. e frequency is 0 01 100 ppm The current test frequency be changed by pressing key Frequ The frequency is shown on the right of the second line The test frequency most currently employed is 1 kHz It s the frequency for which instrument precision is at its best The large capacitors and inductors should be measured at low frequency while low values of capacitors and inductors should be measured at high frequency The large choice of frequency allows for example to test audio transformers on the whole range of audio frequencies The 120 Hz frequency must not be used when the instrument is configured for a mains frequency of 50 7 same as the frequency of 100 Hz should not be used for a mains frequency of 60 Hz The user frequency allows to choose with precision a particular frequency To select the frequency press the key Frequ Until getting the message USER in place of the frequency To know of change this frequency press the key MENU Select the option Usr f with keys below the arrows lt and To modify the frequency press the key below Edit The frequency 15 determined using the 2 parameters and N2 according to the following formula f 125 kHz N1 N2 The maximum admissible limit is 25 kHz obtained for N1 5 and N2 1 The lower functionnal limit is around 90 Hz N1 can be adjusted between 2 and 255 N2 can take the values 1 2 4 or 8 Modification of coefficients N1 and N2
27. en the measured value and the real value of a component Accuracy is expressed as a percentage for the main parameter The accuracy depends on the impedance and the test frequency Generally the secondary parameter accuracy is an absolute value The actual accuracy of the instruments depends of some parameters like test frequency and impedance The basic accuracy is the best case accuracy that can be expected this means 1 kHz test frequency and impedance between 10 and 100 Output resistance of the test signal generator The DUT 1s connected to the signal generator trough this resistor The source Resistance depends on the impedance range Resolution 15 the smallest quantity that the instrument can display Do not confuse this value with accuracy This is the rms value delivered from the instrument with no load for creating a current through the device under test The source resistor as well as the actual DUT impedance imply that actual voltage across the DUT 15 always below this value MWI1OOSP user manual 7 GENERALITIES This chapter gives an overview of the MW1008O characteristics For further informations please refer to the operation section DISPLAY The two lines of the LCD show measured values selected parameters instrument status and various messages When making normal measurements the major parameter L C R Z G is shown on the top line and the appropriate minor parameter D X is
28. ent satisfy the sorting conditions The default notification is a short beep To change this option press the key below option Next The possible options are SHORT short beep LONG long beep NONE no beep Press the key below right arrow The backlight option allows to configure the display lighting as a visual indicator when the component is within specified tolerance Do not confuse with backlighting configuration that is in main configuration menu Please note that the back lighting must be activated for this function MWI1OOSP user manual 22 The default value is YES which means that the back lighting will bright only if the component value is inside permitted tolerance To invalidate this function press the key below option NO Press the key below right arrow To save the current configuration press the key below YES The configuration will be memorised in non volatile memory Sags consis and will be kept even after turning off the instrument Choose NO if you don t want to keep the parameters after turning off the instrument To use the sorting mode the instrument should be configured in relative measurement by pressing key DISP In sorting mode the instrument places itself automatically in manual mode and keeps the current impedance range The user can change manually the range but it is simpler to measure a device in normal mode auto before activating sorting mode the instrument then keeping the most
29. ero mode The instrument finds out the values of the serial elements Rss and Lss during a short circuit measurement The values of Gpp and Cpp being measured during an open circuit measurement The MW1008P takes these elements into account by applying the correction given on the schematics a above The calibration should be done at each time one proceed to measurements in the measurement range boundaries meaning for weak impedance values high capacitors values of low inductor values and for high impedances small capacitors values and strong inductors values The open short calibration 15 besides mandatory to measure with a small error the losses in a components like the serial equivalent resistance of a capacitor Some care has to be taken during open short calibration The position of the cables must not change between calibration procedure and component measure Any change of spacing or any other change in cables position could change the parasitic elements that could bring an error in the measurement During the open short calibration one can use a small wire piece on which could be connected the 4 mini pincers MW10 or the 2 Kelvin clamps MW KELV For the measurement of very low impedances one should place the pincers at right angle 90 to minimise coupling between wires as shown on figure below The same arrangement should be used during measurement itself MWIOOSP user manual 26 The calibration can performed at a given t
30. est frequency or for frequencies As a matter of fact the parasitics elements may not be constant over frequency and the instrument keeps in memory the 4 parasitic elements for each frequency The calibration is performed by pressing key CAL A menu appears and you can choose an open circuit calibration OPEN or a short circuit calibration SHORT The correction limits are the following ones Figure X short circuit calibration for the measurement of low impedances e Short circuit calibration the maximum series resistance of cables should be 20 Q while total impedance should be lt 50 e Open circuit calibration the parallel impedance of the cable should be smaller than 10 The instrument displays the message PASS if the calibration succeeded FAILED in the other case To perform a calibration at all frequencies press key CAL long enough so that the instrument displays the menu SHORT in capital letters The instrument then starts the calibration procedure at all frequencies what takes a longer time The calibration should be performed at each measurement cable change or for critical measurements see above SMT Pincers cable The zeroing of the instrument can be performed by shorting the tweezers extremities The open circuit calibration is more critical since the spacing between contacts may vary One should use for this a small piece of isolating material with the same
31. l range depends on several factors such as transformer primary impedance at the test frequency During the test of an elevator transformer one should choose a frequency such that the primary impedance will be smaller than 100Q in order to get a measurement of N up to The use of this function needs use of the 4 wires mini pincers cable MW10 To use this mode shall be connected to the 2 other wires The open short calibration must not be used The primary should be the winding with the greatest number of turns In case of HD LD allowing the widest measurement In this range the primary 10 A smaller primary impedance allows to measure a higher transformer ratio The following parameters are displayed by successive press on key n Vs M for the characterisation of transformers N 6 Main parameter N gives the turns ration between primary and secondary windings Primary secondary phase shift and test frequency are displayed on second line N 0 While pressing twice key n Vs M the instrument displays invert ratio n 1 n Vs Vp Secondary and primary voltages In the case of measurements on a mains supply transformer the instrument can calculate the secondary voltage for a primary voltage of 230V or 115V_ starting from measured value Press key Q Vs M until parameters Vs and Vp appear MWI1OOSP user manual 20 Default primary voltage is 230V To change to 115V press key Menu The second line presents the 2 avai
32. lable options Press the key below 115 to select virtual primary voltage of 115V The brackets will move around 115 Press key EXIT to go back to parameters Vs Vp and to display the secondary voltage for 115V this time Spot 1 88 MO Mutual inductance and primary secondary phase shift The mutual inductance is obtained by measuring primary current and secondary voltage of the transformer This direct method can lack of precision at highest frequencies because to parasitics elements of the transformer In case of capacity overflow the message OVERFLOW 1 displayed If so change impedance range by pressing key old Range It is better to start with the lowest range and then increase range until getting a result The automatic mode should not be used for this function The calculation of the mutual inductance can also be done by measuring the inductance resulting from serializing 2 WW windings by connecting them in the 2 gt gt gt possible configurations as shown on the gt CS figure The value is then L Lt 4 The results from the 2 methods can be compared About mutual inductance When 2 winding are close to each other the flux created by one can establish in the second The mutual inductance coefficient 1s the ratio of the flux produced by coil in coil 2 to the current that flows through coil 1 D MWI1OOSP user manual 21 SORTING COMPONENTS The MW1
33. les quatre possibles Pressez la touche sous OK pour activer le dr nee per ei mode diagnostic clavier Pressez la touche carne Net den t A sous EXIT pour revenir au menu principal Er Pressez la touche sous OK pour activer le ben CA e mode test du buzzer Pressez la touche sous te gee EXIT pour revenir au menu principal i fes KN Pressez la touche sous OK pour activer le mode test des valeurs complexes courant tension Pressez la touche sous EXIT pour revenir au menu principal Pressez la touche sous OK pour activer le mode test des valeurs du convertisseur A D Pressez la touche sous EXIT pour revenir au menu principal a a em w jm Test du clavier Ce test est utile lorsque l on rencontre un probl me avec le clavier Remarquez qu un probl me de clavier peut emp cher d entrer dans ce mode Il est dans ce cas n cessaire de d panner la main les circuits du clavier On pourra se reporter au tableau donn plus loin afin de v rifier les tensions Chaque touche correspond une tension particuli re qui est lue par un convertisseur analogique digital 10 bits L instrument affiche la valeur lue par l instrument de 0 1023 ainsi que la position de la touche appuy e La sortie du mode test du clavier s effectue lorsque toutes les touches ont t test es Premier cran lorsque l on entre dans le mode test du clavier 4 i a Ke M
34. lly select the desired L Q or L Ax C D R Q 121 0 R X G B When this key is pressed for more than two seconds the instrument goes in Auto Parameter mode In this mode the instrument will select the most appropriate parameter pair according to the phase angle and the absolute impedance This mode is indicated by the presence of a dark arrow at the top left of the display The different modes are described below The L A mode replaces L Q mode when the instrument is configured in Ar mode see key n Vs M This key selects the transformer measurement mode Pressing this key steps through and permits the selection of the desired function N 1 N Vs Vp M 0 3 0 Turns ratio and phase angle 1 N 0 Reciprocal turns ratio and phase angle Vs Vp Secondary and Primary Voltage M 0 Mutual Inductance and phase angle Frequ e key selects one of the following test frequencies 100 Hz 120 Hz 250 Hz 500 Hz 1 kHz 2 5 kHz 5 kHz 7 8125 kHz 12 5 kHz 15 625 kHz and 25 kHz The selected frequency 15 indicated just above this key When the user frequency 15 selected the word USER is displayed Pressing this key for longer than two seconds sets the LCR meter to use the default parameters The default frequency 15 1KHz Hold Range The Hold Range key selects the impedance range of measurement appropriate for the device under test Pressing this key holds the unit in its current measurement range Repeated
35. mQ 1kQ 10 Ky 1kQ 1GQ 10 Precision of the resistance 0 2 0 0002 0 2 Precision of AQ 0 2 100 x 1 0 00057 0 002 MWI1OOSP user manual 30 Precision of inductances Precision of L Ai A Ka K x 100 Ae Pr cision de base valeur donn e dans le graphe ci apr s Pour les valeurs de Q gt 0 1 multiplier la valeur de A OI Ku facteurs correspondant a l erreur aux extr mit s des gammes K 0 16uH Lmxf Ky Lm x f 160 f fr quence de test en kHz Precision of Q Ai 100 1 Q Avec A pr cision de l inductance calcul e ci dessus Nota La pr cision est Q est une grandeur absolue et non pas un pourcentage Precision of capacitors Precision of C A A Se Ka K x 100 Ac Pr cision de base valeur donn e dans le graphe ci apr s Pour les valeurs de gt 0 1 multiplier la valeur de A par OI Ku facteurs correspondant a l erreur aux extr mit s des gammes K 0 16 pF Cm x f Ku Cm x f 160 mF f fr quence de test en kHz Precision of Q Ac 100 1 Q Avec A pr cision de la capacit calcul e ci dessus Nota La pr cision est Q est une grandeur absolue et non pas un pourcentage MWIOOSP user manual 31 Base precision 10pF 1 _ 10 100 1 100n 10M lt 10H 3M 1M lt 300k X 1H ou 100k y 100mH 100 10k K x lt 10mH gt N 1mH 10m
36. nt pas pris en compte dans ce mode 34 70 R sultats A D Ce mode permet d acc der aux mesures primaires qui sont utilis es pour calculer les composantes en phase et en quadrature Les valeurs affich es correspondent la valeur moyenne des signaux pr sent en sortie du d tecteur de phase mesur s par le convertisseur A D double rampe Le d tecteur de phase est un multiplicateur 1 L entr e du multiplicateur est soit le signal de tension soit le signal de courant Il est possible de passer de l un l autre en pressant la touche L C R Le gain 1 est command par un signal carr de m me fr quence que le signal de test La phase de ce signal peut tre modifi e de 0 270 par pas de 90 gr ce la touche n Vs M MWIOOSP user manual 41 Pressez la touche L C R pour s lectionner la mesure de tension puis la touche n Vs M pour s lectionner un angle de 0 Notez que cet angle est un angle qui sert de r ference et ne correspond pas a un angle absolu Pressez la touche Hold Range et s lectionnez la gamme 2 L afficheur montre le r sultat de la conversion Pressez la touche n Vs M pour acc der aux valeurs avec un angle de phase de 90 180 et 270 La valeur finale en quadrature est obtenue en soustrayant les composantes en opposition de phase ici Vq 0 344 0 6909 0 34690 La valeur finale en phase est obtenue en E soustrayant les composantes en opposition
37. o the series resistance is more significant and the series model is the appropriate choice For very small inductance values a higher measurement frequency will yield better accuracy MWI1OOSP user manual 16 All inductors have a maximum allowable current Above this value the core saturates the magnetic field remains constant and the inductance decreases to near zero The maximum current 1s dependent on the core material A core material with high permeability gives a higher inductance for the same number of turns as a core of low permeability The drawback is that the core saturates at a much lower current Futhermore the inductance varies according to the current level If you measure the same inductor with different instrument et the same frequency you can get different velue because the test current is not the same for both instruments It is possible to know the current flowing into the inductor by measuring the resistance and the reactance of the inductor R and X and knowing the source resistance The source resistor varies according to the impedance range its value is 100Q for ranges 1 and 2 for example i rms Vs V Rs R X with Vs 0 5 Vrms test voltage at no load Example When measuring a coil one measures R 2 and X 43 Q The range determined by the instrument is range 2 which has a source resistance arround 100 The current value flowing into the coil 1s i 0 5 4 100 2 2 432 4 5 mA Note Inductors
38. o u 10 nano n 10 pico A coil is made of several turns of insulated wire The property of a coil is to oppose itself to current variations and 15 characterized by its inductance The property of a capacitor The capacity of a capacitor 1s expressed in Farad F Passive component made of two plates separated by a dielectric The property of a capacitor 15 to pass ac current while stopping dc current See also capacity and reactance The frequency in which the parameters of a component are measured The parameter values depends generally upon frequency Impedance ranges that the instrument uses to perform measurements Complex value characterizing a passive component The impedance has a real component r sistance in series with an imaginary component reactance A pure resistance doesn t have reactance while pure coils and capacitors doesn t have resistance MWI1OOSP user manual 6 Inductance Parameter Accuracy Basic Accuracy Source Resistance Resolution Test Voltage A property of a coil by which an electromotive force is induced in it by a variation of The inductance of a coil is expressed in Henry H Electrical property measured The main parameter is the most important parameter of the component capacity inductance resistance The secondary parameter has less importance and characterizes component losses quality factor dissipation factor or phase angle Difference betwe
39. onents ON There are seven selectable step rates from 2 to 8 Each step adds approximately 25 seconds to the sampling refresh rate of the LCD display Numb Avrg Number of measurements used for avaeraging Varactor OFF This option requires the MW108 Varactor Test Fixture varicap available from MW Instruments Turning the Varactor option to ON will place the LCR meter automatically in the Varactor measurement mode upon saving and exiting the Menu To return to normal features select the Menu key and turn the Varactor feature OFF Usr f user frequency 1 25 kHz Set the user frequency from 100 Hz up to 25 kHz Sorting OFF Use this feature to measure and sort like valued components e Turning the Sorting function ON will allow the user to set the Tolerance between the value of the benchmark component and like components to be measures This Tolerance is selected by pressing the NEXT key e When the appropriate tolerance has been selected pressing the key under the left arrow enables the value of the benchmark component to be entered b MWI1OOSP user manual 10 pressing the Edit key A cursor will appear under the first digit of the value Pressing th NEXT Key will move the cursor to the next digit Pressing the Change key will step the value of the selected digit When the desired value has been entered pressing th OK _ key will record this value Pressing the key under the right arrow will allow the
40. que totale est d environ 0 05 Le filtre est suivi d un tage tampon et d un s lecteur pour le choix de la r sistance source MWI1OOSP user manual 33 Reference Signal Buffer Source Resistor Clock Signal DETECTEUR DE PHASE ET CONVERTISSEUR A D La phase et le module de l imp dance inconnue sont obtenus en multipliant la tension de mesure alternative courant et tension par un signal carr dont la fr quence est strictement identique a la fr quence du signal sinusoidal et dont la phase peut tre modifi e La valeur moyenne du signal ainsi produit est proportionnel a la partie en phase ou en quadrature du signal Un total de quatre mesures pour lesquelles la phase du signal carr est avanc e de 90 tr s pr cis ment permet la d termination vectorielle du signal Ce processus est r alis aussi bien pour la tension que pour le courant Ainsi huit mesures l mentaires sont n cessaires pour le calcul final Les composantes en opposition de phase sont ajout es 0 avec 180 et 90 avec 270 liminant tous les offsets communs et r duisant le bruit Chacune de ces mesures n a pas de signification en elle m me car la phase absolue entre le signal sinusoidal de test et le signal carr n est pas connu et car le courant parcourant l imp dance inconnue n est pas contr l On peut repr senter le fonctionnement sous forme vectorielle ou le syst me d termine un vecteur pour le courant et un second vecteur
41. rtant n cessaire de conserver la m me position des c bles pour les tapes suivantes afin de ne pas changer la valeur de ces l ments parasites Si vous utiliser le cable MW10 les grippe fils LD et LS doivent tre reli s ensemble de m me que les grippe fils HD et HS Pressez la touche n Vs M choix Ok L instrument affiche Opening 100 Hz ainsi qu une barre de progression sur la seconde ligne L instrument proc de a une mesure a chaque fr quence Lorsque l instrument a termin cette tape 11 passe automatiquement l tape suivante est possible de choisir une tape particuli re par les touches choix lt et choix Il est possible d effectuer les tapes STP3 a STP8 dans un ordre quelconque cependant les calibrations OPEN et SHORT doivent toujours tre effectu es en premier 2 L instrument affiche l cran ci contre pour la calibration en court circuit Court circuitez les fils l aide d un d K morceau de fil pais Choisir l option Ok De la m me fa on que pour la calibration OPEN l instrument proc de une calibration toutes les fr quences puis passe l tape suivante S1 l instrument affiche FAIL la fin de la premi re calibration 100 Hz v rifiez que les pinces de test sont bien en court circuit puis recommencez l op ration ae 3 71 5 va maintenant r aliser les calibration
42. s An inductor is a device for storing energy in a magnetic field which 15 the opposite of a capacitor that 15 a device for storing energy in an electric field An inductor consists of wire wound around a core material Air is the simplest core material for inductors because it is constant but for physical efficiency magnetic materials such as iron and ferrites are commonly used The core material of the inductor its length and number of turns directly affect the inductor s value Model of a real inductor The series resistance Rs represents the resistive losses m the windings The parallel capacitance Cp is the equivalent capacitive effect between the turns of the coil and the parallel resistance Rp is the sum of all losses in the core Open flux inductors are more sensitive to metallic materials that are in close proximity because such materials modify the magnetic field Toroidal inductors keep the flux inside the core and are less sensitive to external conductors in close proximity Inductor measurements can be made in either the series or parallel model Where the inductance is large the reactance at a given frequency 1s relatively large so the parallel resistance becomes more significant than any series resistance therefore the parallel model should be used For very large inductance values a lower measurement frequency will yield better accuracy For low value inductors the reactance becomes relatively low s
43. s d imp dance pour chacune des gammes et toutes les fr quences y a donc six tapes STP3 a STP8 pour lesquelles vous devrez connecter les r sistances de calibration fournies avec le kit et dont les valeurs ont t pr c demment programm es dans l instrument lors de la procedure PARAM Pour chacune de ces tapes il est important de garder la position des MWI1OOSP user manual 37 c bles telle qu elle tait lors de la calibration OPEN et SHORT des tapes STP1 et STP2 en particulier pour les tapes STP7 calibration 100 kQ et STP8 calibration 1 MQ 4 La derni re tape consiste sauvegarder le r sultat des tapes de calibration en m moire non volatile L instrument affiche SAVE sur la premi re ligne Pressez la touche sous OK pour valider L instrument proc de une v rification de l criture en m moire puis affiche PASSED si tout s est d roul comme pr vu L instrument bascule automatiquement en mode normal Faire un arr t marche de l instrument Il ne devrait pas y avoir de message d erreur la mise sous tension Si un message d erreur appara t c est qu une ou plusieurs tapes n ont pas t r alis e A l issue de la calibration on pourra v rifier la valeur des r sistances dans le mode Z 0 Les valeurs doivent correspondre aux valeurs r elles avec un angle de phase nul et ce a toutes les fr quences Messages d erreurs a la mise sous
44. s have large temperature coefficients except for ceramic COG NPO capacitors which can exhibit only a 0 003 C variation Inductors especially those with non air cores may vary largely with temperature Ambient and DUT temperature drifts may introduce error into the measurement Control ambient temperature changes to reduce errors FORME GENERALE Rp Rs XS NN _e e Xp aS Rp Rs Xp Kis Xp Xs Rp CONDENSATEUR R Rs Cs Sf Cp INDUCTANCE Rp E 4 000 Lp Rp Rs Rp Rs 1 Q 1 Q S Cs Cs 1 D Cp 1 D Lp 1 it Q Q MWI1OOSP user manual 13 Capacitors Capacitors are measured in Farads The basic construction of a capacitor 1s a dielectric material between two electrodes The many different types of capacitors available are classed according to their dielectric types The figure below shows the range of generic capacitance values for standard types Aluminum Electrolytic Tantalum Electrolytic 1pF inf LuF imF A capacitor can be modeled as a pure capacitor C with some parasitic elements see the figure below RS 1s the actual series resistance comprised of the lead resistance and the foil resistance RS is generally very low a few mil RD symbolizes the dielectric loss Its value changes with frequency Dissipation factor also known as loss tangent is the ratio of the series resistance to the reactance It indicates the capacitor quality A lo
45. sistances talon qui vont servir la calibration et d autre part configurer l instrument selon la fr quence secteur du lieu o sera utilis l instrument PARAMETRAGE DE LA CALIBRATION Commencez par connecter le c ble de test sur la prise DIN de l instrument Mettre l instrument hors tension 1 Pressez une touche et mettez l instrument en marche Relachez la touche lorsque l afficheur indique DIAG CAL EXIT a 2 Pressez la touche n Vs M sous option CAL Le menu PARAM CAL EXIT apparait 3 Pressez la touche sous l option PARAM L instrument affiche RCAL1 10 0000 qui est la valeur nominale de la premi re r sistance de calibration Cette valeur doit tre modifi e afin qu elle corresponde une r sistance de pr cision 0 1 de valeur connue La proc dure est d crite plus bas Lorsque la r sistances est modifi e l instrument revient au menu PARAM CAL EXIT 4 Validez le choix PARAM en pressant la touche L instrument affiche RCAL2 100 000 Q Modifiez la valeur de la m me fa on que pour la premi re r sistance 5 R p tez le processus jusqu la derni re r sistance RCAL6 6 Pressez la touche sous l option PARAM L instrument affiche le menu Mains Frq 60 Hz Pressez la touche pour valider le choix 50Hz L instrument doit afficher Mains Frq 50 Hz 7 Pressez la touche sous l option NEXT L instrument affiche le menu Save Parameters
46. ssical use you just need to use a standard 5 pins male CB plug The cables should be shielded type the shields being connected to ground pin 3 HS High Sense 2 HD High Drive 3 OV GND Ae LD Low Drive S LS Low Sense MWI1OOSP user manual 29 PRECISION The measurement precision depends on the base precision of the instrument which itself depends on the values of impedance and test frequency This value is increased by a factor corresponding to the additional error added when impedance is near the min max values of its range The precision values are valid with the use of cables MW KELV or MW SMT when an open short calibration has been performed before the measurement and when the instrument is in auto ranging mode Precision of resistances and impedances Precision of R A A T Ky K_ x 100 Ae Base precision value given in the following table For Q values gt 0 1 multiply the value of A by 1 0 Ku factors corresponding to range limits error KL 1 mQ Ky Rm 1 GO is negligible for resistances smaller than 50 K is negligible for resistances greater than 20 Q Precision of Q 100 1 0 2 With A precision of the resistance calculated above Calculation example Calculation of a resistance measurement precision of 1 at 1kHz The instrument gives value of 0 0005 From the graphics you find a base precision of 0 2 A Ki 1
47. tension Real Error La calibration n a pas te effectu e Des valeurs par d faut sont utilis es pour la mesure Les mesures seront toutefois pr cises 0 5 pour des fr quences de test jusqu 1 kHz et pour les gammes d imp dance 2 5 Open Cal Error L tape de calibration OPEN n a pas t effectu e Les autres tapes de calibration doivent tre effectu es apr s avoir r aliser la calibration OPEN Short Cal Error L tape de calibration SHORT n a pas t effectu e Les autres tapes de calibration doivent tre effectu es apr s avoir r aliser la calibration SHORT Cal Error RngXY L tape de calibration de la gamme X la fr quence Y n a pas t effectu e ou a chou e X prend les valeurs de 6 suivant la gamme concern e Y prend les valeurs de A J selon la fr quence concern e A 100 Hz J 15 625 kHz Checksum Error Erreur de checksum Consulter le service apr s vente de Ormelabs MWI1OOSP user manual 38 DIAGNOSTICS Le mode diagnostic permet d effectuer des tests particuliers des fins de d pannage ou de v rification L acc s ce mode s effectue i ar pont A gop epe par le menu sp cial de calibration diagnostic Fi 2 FRG die n Appuyez sur une touche a la mise sous tension jusqu l apparition du menu DIAG CAL EXIT Pressez la touche choix DIAG Vous pouvez maintenant s lectionner un mode particulier parmi
48. user to set the audible indication when a DUT meets the programmed parameters Default_value for the Pass Beep is SHORT Pressing th NEXTkey will change the value to LONG or NONE Pressing the key under the right arrow will present the option of turning the backlight on or off when a valid component is measured The default value 15 YES Pressing the Menu key now will allow you to save the selected configuration and place the LCR meter in the Relative measurement mode To turn the Sorting mode OFF press the Menu key and step backward or forward using the appropriate arrow key until the Sorting option is displayed Press the key under OFF Press the Menu key and save this configuration Set this feature to ON to measure the AL value of an unknown toroid core Press the forward arrow key to enter the number of turns on the inductor To enter the number of turns select EDIT A cursor will be displayed under the last digit on the LCD Pressing the Change key will step the value of the digit over the cursor Pressing the NEXT key will move the cursor to the far left position When the number of turns has been entered press the OK key For accuracy a minimum of 10 evenly distributed turns on the core is recommended 1 Pressing the Menu key and saving the current configuration will place the LCR meter in L AL mode The AL value will be displayed on the second line of the display 2 To return to normal measurements press the Menu
49. ve component most likely to be present in a low value resistor is series inductance which has no effect on the measurement of series R For high values of resistors greater than several MQ the choice usually becomes a low frequency measurement in a parallel equivalent mode Parallel because the reactive component most likely to be present in a high value resistor is shunt capacitance which has no effect on the measurement of parallel R Some high precision resistors are winding resistors and the number of turns can be quite large for high value resistors In this case the series inductance can be quite large and measurement should be done at low frequency to avoid errors caused by the inter winding capacitance MESURE DE LA RESISTANCE INTERNE DE BATTERIES under test La r sistance interne des batteries peut tre mesur e HE Es par le circuit ci contre La tension continue est isol e par le condensateur CI 47uF La r sistance interne sera g n ralement mesur e 1 kHz Avant d effectuer la mesure proprement dite on r alisera un calibration en court circuit en rempla ant la batterie par un court circuit La mesure est effectu e vide Il est possible de connecter momentan ment une r sistance en parall le sur la batterie afin de la faire d biter Il suffira de faire un petit calcul afin de retrouver la r sistance interne r elle MWIOOSP user manual 18 DISPLAYED PARAMETERS L Q L
50. w D indicates a nearly pure capacitor In order to achieve reliable measurement a short zero must be performed before any ESR or D measurement because in this case the series resistor can be very small Like most everything else about capacitors it changes with time frequency and temperature ESR is a single resistive value of a capacitor representing all real losses It includes effects of the capacitor s dielectric loss Electrolytic Capacitors The accurate measurement of electrolytic capacitors particularly large value caps can present unique requirements The MW1008 LCR meter applies an AC signal to the DUT To test some polarized components such as electrolytic and tantalum capacitors it may be preferable to use only positive voltages During normal operation the AC current source swings negative 50 of the time which results in an inverse polarization of the capacitor under test To prevent this inverse polarization a DC bias can be applied to prevent the voltage across the part from MWI1OOSP user manual 14 becoming negative The schematic for a simple test fixture to apply DC bias is provided at Appendix 1 Test frequency Generally high value capacitors should be measured at lower test frequencies because the impedance of the component will be very low Low value capacitors should be measured at higher frequencies Model Measuring a capacitor in series or parallel mode can provide different results The difference c
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