the Manual
Contents
1. 2300 2400MHz DB 2350 2450MHz Two WiMAX base stations 2355 and 2375 MHz are visible at the first screen shot waterfall mode The second screen shot a density graph helps compare the signal levels of both base stations In addition it is clearly seen that each base station consists of several transmitters with different signal levels this may be segments of a single base station or even different base stations Changing the location of the antenna connected to the tester you can find the point of maximum level of the receiving signal At least you will be able to avoid positions with small levels while choosing the location of the subscriber s WiMAX equipment 24 6 4 3 The Bluetooth protocol The mostconvenient mode for monitoring Bluetooth signals is a density graph since the Bluetooth protocol utilizes frequency hopping transmissions The Bluetooth transmitter is turned off at the first screenshot An access point is active at the 151 Wi Fi channel In addition signals with lower levels are visible at other frequencies The PC is now searching for Bluetooth devices Transmissions are clearly visible at a wide from about 2430 to about 2480 MHz range Data is transferred from a PC to the peripheral device Apparently Bluetooth transmitter frequencies do not overlap with active Wi Fi channels adaptive frequency hopping algorithm is in use C EE 2400 2500 MHz 29 6 4 4 Proprietary data tr2. 3 4 Settings menu The Settings menu press the button in the main menu is used to change the setting of the tester such as interface language keypress sounds colors backlight splash screens and battery type In addition you may reset the tester to factory settings settings Language English Sound on Colors blue Backlight bright Splash screens on Batteries NIMH There is a test mode to quickly check several operating functions of the tester An SMA to RP SMA cable should be connected between the RF connector of the tester to run the test mode The following parameters are displayed output power with and without the built in attenuator SWR at the input of the power meter Normal values are marked with green while the red color indicates a problem Power w o att 15 4 dBm Power with att 7 0 dBm SWR at 2450 MHZ 113 Press to exit 4 Measurement modes 41 Return loss and SWR 411 Single point measurement In this mode antenna or any other load is connected to the RP SMA socket Once this mode is used for the first time a simple calibration is required The following screen shot illustrates the return loss and SWR measurement mode Return loss amp SWR Frequency 2450 MHz RL 23 2 swe 1 15 1 12152 3 5 10 The lt left and right keys change the operating frequency To hold the measurement press the OK key you will then see the H pictogram in the
3. SWR graph am 2300 2600 MHz In the third experiment see screenshot below yet another antenna was connected to the tester a 17 dBi parabolic reflector and log periodic feed It looks like this antenna has never been tested at the factory the SWR curve looks fully random SWR graph 17 6 2 Testing RF cables A cable under test is connected to the RP SMA socket if the 17 24 The far end of the cable should be terminated with a 50 Ohm dummy load The load should have low SWR less than 1 2 at working frequencies A 1 8 meter long cable diameter approximately 5 mm was connected to the tester during the first experiment The measured SWR is under 1 3 in the whole range of 2 4 to 2 5 GHz which indicates a good quality of the cable Since the characteristic impedance of the cable is not exactly 50 Ohm the SWR curve is not too smooth Another cable shows much larger values of the SWR up to 1 6 This cable is unlikely to be used for connecting equipment in the 2 4 GHz ISM band 18 SWR graph 2300 2600 MHz SWR graph 2300 2600 MHz 6 3 Transmitter power measurement Two different Wi Fi access points were connected to the IT 24 by using an SMA to RP SMA converter cable during this experiment A beacon mode was activated sending data packets with 100 millisecond intervals The measured output power of the first access point was 15 dBm Then a
4. 04119 Kyiv Ukraine ff Tel fax 380 44 353 92 42 f E mail info rigexpert com Rig Expert Ukraine Web www rigexpert com Declaration of Conformity Manufacturer s name Rig Expert Ukraine Ltd Manufacturer s address Yakira str 17A Kyiv Ukraine 04119 Authorised representative s in Europe name KMK UK Limited Authorised representative s in Europe address 37 Stanley Av Barking Essex IG110LD UK Product Description ISM Band Universal Tester Model number RigExpert IT 24 Product options This declaration covers all options of the above products We hereby declare under sole responsibility that the product conforms to the provisions of the Electromagnetic Compatibility EMC Directive 2004 108 EC and carries the CE marking Conformity is proven by compliance with the following standards standard limit Standards Emission EN 61326 1 2006 Class A EN 55011 2007 CISPR 11 2003 Group 1 Class A Immunity EN 61326 1 2006 EN 61000 4 2 2001 4 kV Contact Discharge 8 kV Air Discharge EN 61000 4 3 2002 1 V m 80 AM 0 8 2 GHz 1 V m 80 AM 2 2 7 GHz Director KDA Denis Nechitailov MSN 29 March 2013 Supplementary information This DoC applies to above listed products placed on EU market after 01 Apr 2013 The Technical documentation is kept at the following address 37 Stanley Av Barking Essex IG110LD UK RigExpert IT 24 RigExpert IT 24 This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules Operation is
5. possible measurement error 2 dBm as well as a possible signal loss in the converter cable up to 1 dB were taken into the account As a result the actual output power could range from 14 to 18 dBm The power stated by the manufacturer of the access point is 16 dBm which is in good agreement with measured values The other access point was only able to show 11 dBm on the screen of the 11 24 This value is too far from 17 dBm an output power according to the manufacturer s specifications 1 50 dBm 31 5 mW 20 0 0 10 20 30 1 0 9 dBm 12 2 mW 20 10 O 10 20 30 19 6 4 Spectrum analyzer examples Thanks to the three spectrum analyzer modes the IT 24 may be used to explore narrow band as well as wideband signals differentiating these signals by power levels as well as their distribution in frequency and time domain 6 4 1 The Wi Fi protocol There is no doubt that this communications protocol is of a great interest to analyze with the IT 24 2400 2410 2420 2430 2440 2450 2460 2470 2480 2490 2500 Frequency MHz Lower Upper The picture above shows frequencies of all l 14 overlapping Wi Fi channels Each channel occupies 20 MHz in fact up to 22 MHz According to the pea 802 11n specification 40 MHz channels may also be used Center frequency MHz 20 A screen shot at the top density graph shows the spectrum of a Wi Fi access point operating in the beacon
6. Quick tests of antennas RF cables Output power measurement of wireless access points and other transmitters e RF environment monitoring in the spectrum analyzer mode IT 24 may be used by Telecommunication providers to check their own wireless data transfer networks Service companies to test the equipment e Antenna and transmitter receiver manufacturers Technologies 1 SMA connector 2 RP SMA connector e Wi Fi 3 Liquid crystal display WiMAX 4 Keypad ZigBee 5 Power on off button e Proprietary data transfer protocols 6 USB connector Single point return loss and SWR standing 2 Specifications wave ratio measurement Frequency range 2 3 2 6 GHz Frequency resolution 1 MHz Return loss measurement range gt 2 dB e SWR measurement range 1 10 Output power in this mode about 5 dBm e Measurement error limits are displayed by the shaded area on the chart These limits are valid for the 2 4 2 5 GHz range SWR graph 4 frequency sub bands 2 3 2 4 GHz 2 4 2 5 GHZ 2 5 2 6 GHz 2 3 2 6 GHZ e SWR display range 1 5 1 23456789 10 Transmitter power measurement 1 25 Actual SWR value Frequency range 2 3 2 6 GHz e Power limits 20 25 dBm 0 01 RF connectors 300 mW RP SMA for SWR and spectrum e Input SWR of the power meter less modes than 1 5 SMA for power measurement Measurement error better than 2 dBm Spe
7. place 3 2 Turning the tester on and off To turn the tester on or off use the power button located at the bottom left corner of the keypad When this button is pressed firmware version number as well as battery voltage are displayed on the LCD The on screen menu system of the RigExpert IT 24 provides a simple but effective way to control the entire device 6 3 3 Main Menu Once the tester is turned on the Main Main menu lt menu appears on the LCD Return loss amp SWR A SWR graph Calibrate RL SWR Peak power Peak amp avg levels Density graph Y The Main menu contains a brief list of available commands By using down keys menu items selected The OK key will then run a previously chosen measurement mode Just press cancel to return back to the main menu There is a power indicator in the top right corner of the Main menu screen e The battery indicator shows battery discharge level When the battery voltage is too low this indicator starts flashing The USB icon is displayed when the analyzer is plugged to a personal computer or to a DC adapter with USB socket The help system a list of keys and their functions is built into the tester there is a Help item the menu in each mode Here is an example of the help screen for select item the main menu run enter Help for the main menu settings 5 print screen Press any key
8. 004 D 00474 13 02 04 2013 13 355 25 03 2013 Copyright 2013 Rig Expert Ukraine Ltd http www rigexpert com RigExpert is registered trademark of Rig Expert Ukraine Ltd 1 04 2013
9. 1 24 Kw 2 4 GHz ISM Band RigExpert Universal Tester Table of contents 1 Description eee 4 2 Specifications l 7 U 5 3 Usingthetester eee 6 3 1 Before you start o Z O 6 3 2 Turning the tester on and off 8 f 6 3 3 Main Menu 7 3 4 Settings menu o 8 4 Measurement modes 8 8 9 4i ReturnlossandSWR C l 1 9 4 1 1 Single point measurement f f 9 41 2 SWRgraph l 10 4 1 3 Tester calibration eee 11 4 2 Transmitter power measurement 0 12 43 Spectrumanalyzer C C aaa 12 4 3 1 Peak and average levels 13 4 3 2 ga D C O 13 4 3 3 Waterfall C 1 n 14 5 Computer connection U 15 5l ScreenshoS 0 0 C nsn 15 5 2 Firmware 15 6 Examplesofuse 16 6 1 SWR measurement of antennas eee 16 6 2 TestingRFcables jy O aaaaa 18 6 3 Transmitter power measurement 19 6 4 Spectrum analyzer examples 20 6 4 1 The 20 6 4 2 The WiMAX protocol y y Oaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa 24 6 4 3 The Bluetooth protocol C 25 6 4 4 Proprietary data transfer protocols ss 26 1 Description RigExpert 11 24 is a universal ultra portable device for testing checking tuning or repairing antennas and antenna feedlines of the 2 4 GHz ISM band operating frequencies 2 3 2 6 GHz The following tasks are easily accomplished by using the IT 24
10. ansfer protocols By using the RigExpert IT 24 it is interesting to study signals with parameters not known in advance C EE 2400 2500MHz BN 2400 2500MHz The tester was placed near the car alarm RFID transmitter receiver operating somewhere at 2 4 GHz A group of short signals appear at different frequencies periodically every 20 30 seconds see the first screen shot a waterfall mode These signals are better visible in the peak and average mode See the second screen shot 26 User s manual The next screen shots help study the data transmission from one RF module to another The waterfall mode can let you know the operating frequency of the transmitter The signal looks like a solid vertical line the center frequency is about 2433 MHz By using a density graph you can for instance compare the level of your signal and the level of interference Wi Fi access point at the 1st channel in this case Looking at the peak and average levels graph you may notice that the average levels of the RF module blue color are almost the same as peak levels red color This is because the transmitter is onallthe time On the contrary the Wi Fi access point does nottransmittoo often there is a large difference between its peak and average levels EE 2400 2500 MHz EE 2400 2500 MHz EE 2400 2500 MHz 21 User s manual RigExpert IT 24 Rig Expert Ukraine Ltd Yakira str 17A
11. ctrum analyzer Interface e Display modes peak and average levels e Color TFT display 320240 pixels density graph waterfall Water proof keypad 9 keys Frequency range 2 3 2 6 GHz Multi language menus and help Bandwidth of sub bands 100 MHz screens 5 overlapping sub bands 20 MHz 30 Computer connection via USB port overlapping sub bands 10 MHz 60 overlapping sub bands Power e Input signal levels about 100 20 dBm 4 pieces of AAA rechargeable or Signal level marks 10 dB div alkaline batteries the charger is not Receive preamplifier 10 dB 0 dB 6 dB included with the tester batteries Size 17 83 cm are not charged inside the tester Operating temperature 0 40 C e From a computer USB socket Weight including batteries 350 g 3 Using the tester 3 1 Before you start Open the cover on the bottom panel of the tester Install four fully charged 1 2V Ni MH or four 1 5V alkaline batteries watching the polarity Do not mix new and old batteries use batteries of different types at the same time overheat or disassemble batteries short circuit batteries try to re charge alkaline batteries To charge Ni MH batteries use charging adapters recommended for this type of batteries Any leaks of electrolyte from the batteries may seriously damage the tester Remove batteries if the analyzer is not being used for a long time Store batteries in a dry cool
12. mode at the 1st Wi Fi channel the center frequency is 2412 MHz the range is 2401 to 2423 MHz In the beacon mode data is transferred at low rate 1 or 2 Mbit s so the shape of the spectrum form a Gaussian curve looks like a bell When the data is intensively transmitted data rate is 54 Mbit s the shape changes considerably see the screen shot in the middle This is because the OFDM modulation with 52 independent carriers is used The signal levels of all Carriers are the same so the top of the picture becomes relatively flat The screen shot at the bottom a waterfall mode shows a transition from the beacon transmission top of the image to the intensive data transmission bottom of the image The wireless access point still transmits at the 1st Wi Fi channel The data packets of the beacon are usually transmitted with a period of 100 ms The packets are quite short less than 1 ms so they are displayed as individual dots inside the frequency limits of the chosen Wi Fi channel C EE 2400 2500 MHz 21 Signals which are different by level but are transmitted at the same frequency can all be easily seen at the density graph In this example you can see a signal of the beacon at the 1st Wi Fi channel The same channel is used to transfer data with smaller signal levels Some other Wi Fi channels are also busy S 2350 2450 MHz The data can be accumulated on the screen fo
13. olor of each dot on the screen depends on how often the signal with a certain level is detected The color changes from blue rare to red often This mode may be used for monitoring several sources of RF signal received with different levels at the same or at overlapping frequencies An example density graph is shown on the next page In the density graph mode data is collected on the screen until the user presses the OK key to re start the measurement 13 mm 2350 2450 MHz 4 3 3 Waterfall In this mode the screen is continuously filled with data the old lines of the image are replaced with new lines The color of each point corresponds to the certain level of the RF signal at a given frequency at the input of the tester Mm 2400 2500 MHz Even small changes of the input signal are clearly visible since the data is collected on the screen for a long time The waterfall mode is recommended to monitor narrow band signals with small levels which are not even visible in other modes 14 5 Computer connection The RigExpert 11 24 may be connected to the USB port of a personal computer running Windows operating system All necessary drivers are installed automatically You may find the latest software for the IT 24 at the manufacturer s website www rigexpert com 5 1 Screen shots The LCD2Clip program helps in transferring the screen shots of the tester to the PC Press the screen sho
14. r a long time minutes and even hours This useful feature will let you see even those transmitters which were active for a short period of time only This will take into the account any Wi Fi activity as well as industrial and domestic interference Less crowded channels can then be chosen for your own wireless network In the following example data is collected for 10 minutes The screen shot shows that the upper part of the Wi Fi band is less busy Wi Fi channels 11 and up and is preferred for your own wireless network 2350 2450 MHz 22 Another two screenshots demonstrate the ability to identify signals with different levels located at same or adjacent frequencies 2350 2450 MHz Mm 2350 2450 MHz The following screen shots illustrate the interference from a microwave oven EE 2400 2500 MHz 2350 2450 MHz The Wi Fi access point is still operating at the 1st channel the center frequency is 2412 MHz in the beacon mode The first screen shot is taken in a waterfall mode You can see the moment when the microwave oven turns on and see the frequencies of the interference The second screen shot a density graph can help determine the difference in signal levels Four your own network choose interference free areas channels 5 or 6 and then 12 and up 23 6 4 2 The WiMAX protocol The 17 24 can successfully be uses to find WiMAX base stations and measure signal levels of their transmitters
15. some transmitters such as Wi Fi 1 0 1 dBm a access points operate in pulse mode peak power maximum measured power 10 2 mW over an interval of about 1 second is displayed on the screen 20 10 0 10 20 30 As usual the OK key will hold the measurement and the menu button will display a help screen for this operating mode 4 3 Spectrum analyzer There are three modes the RigExpert IT 24 can display spectrum of the input RF signal In each mode you may press the menu button to set the scan bandwidth 100 MHz 20 MHz and 10 MHz and the pre amplifier mode 10 dB attenuator 0 dB turned off 6 dB turned on In addition you may set the refresh speed the waterfall mode The scan bandwidth as well as scan bounds may be quickly changed by pressing the down lt left and right keys This parameters are displayed at the bottom part of the screen The OK button will clear the screen Connect your antenna to the RP SMA socket Please notice that injecting high power such as an output of a wireless access point into this socket may damage the tester 12 4 3 1 Peak and average levels In this mode different colors are used to display peak and average levels at each frequency of the scanned range This mode is especially useful for detecting short peaks of the RF signal such as data from a sensor alarm mm 2350 2450 MHz 4 3 2 Density graph In this mode c
16. subject to the following two conditions 1 this device may not cause harmful interference and 2 this device must accept any interference received including interference that may cause undesired operation NOTE This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment This equipment generates uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual may cause harmful interference to radio communications Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference in which case the user will be required to correct the interference at his own expense C Test report Ne 13 356 of March 25 2013 RigExpert IT 24 61326 1 2002 1 EMC IEC 61326 1 2000 IDT x UA
17. t key after running this program and the current screen will be sent to the LCD2Clip The image is automatically copied into the clipboard so you may then paste it into your favorite graphics editor or send via e mail 5 2 Firmware updates The latest updates of the firmware for the IT 24 are available at the manufacturer s website www rigexpert com please see the Downloads section Just run the FirmwareUpdate exe and follow the instructions on the screen 15 6 Examples of use 6 1 SWR measurement of antennas While the ISM band covers frequencies from 2 4 to 2 5 GHz only it is appropriate to scan wider range 2 3 to 2 6 GHz to see how the SWR curve behaves at different frequencies In the first case a simple antenna taken from a Wi Fi access point was measured see the screenshots below It can be easily seen that the minimum SWR about 1 3 is achieved at the very center of the Wi Fi band The values at 2 4 and 2 5 GHz are not very high either about 1 5 so it looks like the antenna under test is performing quite well SWR graph Return loss amp SWR A 2450 MHz 18 2 dB sw 1 28 2300 2600 MHz 14245 2 354 16 User s manual Next a directional antenna a planar array antenna with a gain of 15 dBi for 2 4 2 5 GHz was tested The SWR is only good at very ends of this frequency range mostly having very high values more then 2 This indicates a poor quality of the antenna and or the cable
18. top right corner of the screen Pressing the menu key will display a help screen for this measurement mode RigExpert IT 24 9 41 2 SWR graph In this mode antenna is also connected to the RP SMA socket SWR graph 2300 2600 MHz One of four frequency sub bands may be chosen by pressing lt left or right keys watch the filled bar and the numbers at the bottom of the screen The OK button will hold the measurement displaying the H pictogram in the top right corner of the screen Pressing the menu button will display a help screen 10 41 3 Tester calibration To ensure the SWR measurements are accurate it is necessary to calibrate the tester Following the instructions on the screen just disconnect your antenna from the RP SMA connector the calibration will then be done automatically RP SMA Calibrating _ _ In general it is sufficient to perform calibration only once after the tester is turned on for the first time However it is recommended to re calibrate the device if ambient conditions such as temperature are significantly changed 11 4 2 Transmitter power measurement By using an SMA to RP SMA cable connect your RF signal source to the SMA socket of the tester Please watch the difference between SMA and RP SMA ends of the cable Please also make sure the RF power is less then 1 Watt since larger power may Peak power permanently damage the tester Since
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