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1. PELA C Documents and Settines Prt WEPANWEORAD CD MLUDa AE ERIS COIS Web CARIS E CO7HIAERAIS EO RESULT O 71 avh D Hash P U veah TELESIS 2 BIDO1 2 2 demo synth_SN100 18mGamR0 8RV0 1 v EJ tah coh2d infile estspec d logfile estspec d nsr d nsrlim_ccad nsrlim_cca lwapx d pow_noise d pow_signal d powratio R2L d ROr_ROr d ROr_Rir d ROr_RI0 d Rir_ROr d Rir_Rir d Rir_TOr d Rir Tir d RIO_ROr d R10_Rir d RIO_RIO d R10_T0r d spr ccad spr_hO d spr_h1 d spr _hv d spr_spac d by BID01 2 spr_v d sprh_cca_minus_L d sprh_cca_minus_ Rd sprh_spac_minus_L d sprh_spac_minus_Rd sprh_spac_plus_L d sprh_spac plus R d TOr_ROr d TOr_TOr d TOr_Tir d TOr_T10 d Tir_ROr d Tir_TOr d Tir Tir d T10_ROr d T10_TOr d T10_T1r d velccad E velccad lint z vel_cca lwapx d a vel_cca lwapx d lint i velhO d el ve _hO d lint velhi d Sl velh1 dlint m vel_spac d 21 ve l_spac d lint velv d E vel v d lint a velh_cca_minus_L d E velh_cca_minus_L d lint a velh cca minus Rd a velh_cca_minus_Rd lint velh_spac_minus_L d E velh_spac_minus_L d lint z ve lh_spac_minus_Rd velh_spac_minus_Rd lint m velh_spac_plus_L d E velh_spac_plus_L d lint a velh _spac plus Rd E ve lh_spac_plus_Rd lint F wavew_wavew d
2. wavns_wayvns d a wavud wavud d E a a a z a E Z00_Z00 d Z00 Z0r d ZOr_Z00 d Z0r_ZO0r d Z1r_Rir d Z1r_T1r d Zir Zir d Coming back to the top of the data folder you will find that an execution log named run log and a parameter file named param sh have been generated alongside the RESULT folder for the analysis results synth SN100_18mGamRO 8RY0O_1 Fo MEO RTW BACANA YD APH OS O if Pex rs O 3 Documents and Settines cho F 24 by 7 BIDO1 2 2 BIDO1 2 2 de mo synth_SN100_18mGamRO 8RV0 1 42a 838 Ewe FINETO Prt ih Paz 2009 09 08 ca FLOTAR ERI D a param sh SH F74 2009 09 08 i 3 E run log THAR F 1Ay h 2009 09 08 ANI QD EOAR Web LARIS a 01 4 DIFA 2009 06 11 et a so2d D774 2009 06 11 a S03 d D774 2009 06 11 i a so4 d D774 2009 06 11 bis a E a so6 d D774 2009 06 11 demo a s06 d D IP74 2009 06 11 O Ut Beith ial seism d DIr4Ib 2009 09 08 O feeb P U eas CEESOE This parameter file can be conveniently used as an argument for run sh when you rerun the analysis with parameters only slightly changed See what follows M BIDO cho WIN3 run sh demo synth_SN100_18mGamR0 8RVO 1 param sh J 22 You may be concerned about having to type the long path name or mistyping it Feel at ease though because there is this typing aid feature called auto complete Auto complete allows you to type alphabetic keys only halfway down
3. For example Z1r_RIr d stands for the cross spectral densities between the Z UD component first order circumferential data and the radial R component zeroth order circumferential data Z00_Z00 d Z00_Z0r d ZOr_Z00 d ZOr_ZOr d Zir Rir d Zir_ Tir d Zlr Zlr d ROr_ROr d ROr_R10 d ROr_RIr d R1O_ROr d R1O_R10 d R10_Rir d R1O_TOr d Rir ROr d Rir_Rlr d Rir_TOr d Rlr_Tlr d TOr_ROr d TOr_TOr d TOr_T10 d TOr_Tir d T10_ROr d T10_TOr d T10_Tir d Tir_ROr d Tlr_TOr d Tir_Tir d 29 coh2 d Magnitude squared coherences between the vertical motion zeroth order circumferential data and the central data nsr d NS ratios of vertical motion nsrlim_cca d Threshold NS ratios calculated with phase velocity estimates of the CCA method 5 tolerance for relative error nsrlim_cca lwapx d Threshold NS ratios calculated with phase velocity estimates of the nc CCA method 5 tolerance for relative error pow_noise d Power of noise at the center vertical motion pow_signal d Power of signals at the center vertical motion AmpRV_R d Horizontal to vertical amplitude ratios of Rayleigh waves powratio_R2L d Power shares of Rayleigh waves in the total power of horizontal motion spr_cca d Spectral ratios used to infer phase velocities of Rayleigh waves with the CCA method spr_cca lwapx d Spectral ratios used to infer phase velocities of Rayleigh waves with the nc CCA method spr_h0 d Spectral ratios used to infer phase velocities of Rayleigh waves with the HO m
4. all of them should be placed in a single directory The number of the input data files should be equal to the number of seismic sensors in your microtremor array Put dummy alphanumeric data to fill the vacant column of z if your data have horiaontal x and y components only Are you ready y n 12 In the above and all following screens simply type y or press the return key to use default parameters You will finally come down to the following screen M BIDO DER Band width of the Parzen spectral window LS Enter 0 if you don t wish to use a spectral window Hz 0 3 Data file and array geometry A preexisting seismfile demo synth_SN100_18mGamRO 8RVO 1 seism d for the data file names and the array geometry has been detected citation begins here 1 ud 2 ns amp ew 3 three components 0 000000 s501 0 018000 S502 0 005562 503 0 014562 504 0 010579 0 014563 sos 0 017119 0 005564 S06 citation ends here Do you want to use this file as it is y n y ARRE EA EAE EAE AE EE a Data directory name demo synth_SN100_16mGamRO0 8RVO 1 lt Execution parameters gt Automatically select data portions to be used Calculate properties of surface waves Delete temporary data Plot analysis results lt Basic parameters gt Segment duration 10 24 s Number of segments for averaging 10 Parzen window band width 0 3 Hz ERE EEE EAE EE EEE RRR ERRERA RRR ERRER RE Double check the above parameter
5. of Seismograms 3 DATAFILE 1 demo synth_SN100_18mGamR0 8RVO0 1 RESULT wavud d DATAFILE 2 demo synth_SN100_18mGamR0 8RVO0 1 RESULT wavew d DATAFILE 3 demo synth_SN100_18mGamRO0 8R VO 1 RESULT wavns d Cross spectral density calculations 1 yes 2 no 1123 39 No of segments 10 Data segment duration 10 240 s dt 0 010 s Total duration zero padded 20 480s 2048 pts Ratio of data length to total length zero padded 0 500 Power reduction is corrected based on this value Frequency interval 0 488E 01 Hz Nyquist frequency 50 0 Hz Use data window Hanning window with taper rate 0 500 513 pts Ratio of tapered power to raw power 0 50 Power reduction is corrected based on this value Use spectral window Parzen window with band width 0 30000 Hz Total 13 pts Resulting degree of freedom 65 Standard error 0 176777 the effects of cos taper amp zero padding considered OUTPUT CSD demo synth_SN100_18mGamRO 8RV0 1 RESULT 1 wavud_wavud d OUTPUT CSD demo synth_SN100_18mGamR0 8R V0 1 RESULT 1 wavew_wavew d OUTPUT CSD demo synth_SN100_18mGamRO0 8RV0 1 RESULT 1 wavns_wavns d lt SPECRATIO gt OUTPUT for CCA demo synth_SN100_18mGamR0 8RV0 1 RESULT 1 spr_cca d OUTPUT for SPAC demo synth_SN100_18mGamR0 8RV0 1 RESULT 1 spr_spac d OUTPUT for H0 demo synth_SN100_18mGamR0 8RVO0 1 RESULT 1 spr_h0 d OUTPUT for MSC demo synth_SN100_18mGamR0 8RV0 1 RESULT 1 coh2 d Array radius 0 018000 from demo synt
6. SPAC method is strictly constrained by the requirement that the seismic array should be circular a disadvantage but it is also characterized by the ability to analyze wavelengths that are fairly long relative to the array size an advantage The number of seismic sensors in the circular array can be relatively small and may even be reduced to 3 just one central sensor plus one peripheral sensor in an ultimate case according to an idea that emerged recently We have also endeavored to help build a theoretical framework for this idea which bore fruit in a recent publication Cho et al 2008 An overview of international publications suggests that the SPAC method began to obtain worldwide recognition in the mid 1990s Cho I T Tada and Y Shinozaki 2008 Assessing the applicability of the spatial autocorrelation method A theoretical approach J Geophys Res 113 B06307 doi 10 1029 2007JB005245 2 For Whom It Is Meant We have meant this code package to be used by engineers with expertise in microtremor exploration and by researchers investigating microtremor exploration and array analysis methods the program is easy to use but you need expertise to interpret the output appropriately and to infer soil properties 3 Usage 1 Create microtremor waveform data files one for each sensor and place them all within a single folder 2 On activating the program you will be asked for a number of parameters With appropr
7. about 0 7 Hz so there is anxiety that the phase velocities inferred from the CCA method may be underestimates in that frequency band A look at the plot in step 2 confirms that this is in fact the case This completes the plotting of the analysis results When you press the return key the plot screen disappears and on the terminal you see M BIDO demo synth_SN100_18mGamRO 8RVO 1 RESULT ave vel_spac d demo synth_SN100_16mGamRO0 8RVO 1 RESULT ave vel_v d demo synth_SN100_18mGamR0 8RV0 1 RESULT ave velh_cca_minus_L d demo synth_SN100_18mGamRO 8RVO 1 RESULT ave velh_cca_minus_R d demo synth_SN100_16mGamRO 8RVO 1 RESULT ave velh_spac_minus_L d demo synth_SN100_16mGamRO 8RVO 1 RESULT ave velh_spac_minus_R d demo synth_SN100_18mGamRO 8RVO 1 RESULT ave velh_spac_plus_L d demo synth_SN100_16mGamRO0 8RVO 1 RESULT ave velh_spac_plus_R d demo synth_5N100_16mGamRO 8RVO 1 RESULT ave AmpRV_R d demo synth_SN100_18mGamRO 8RVO 1 RESULT ave powratio_R2L d demo synth_5N100_18mGamRO0 8RVO 1 RESULT ave nsr d demo synth_5N100_16mGamRO 8RVO 1 RESULT ave nsrlim_cca d demo synth_SN100_18mGamRO 8RVO 1 RESULT ave nsrlim_cca lwapx d lt mkgnplt sh gt NOTE This script uses a program gnuplot to plot the analysis results all analy sis results are cotained in demo synth_SN100_18mGamRO 8RVO 1 RESULT You can am nually plot the same figure later using gnuplot macro plot gnplt which create d by
8. and Y Shinozaki 2006 A generic formulation for microtremor exploration methods using three component records from a circular array Geophys J Int 165 236 258 3 Cho I T Tada and Y Shinozaki 2006 Centerless circular array method Inferring phase velocities of Rayleigh waves in broad wavelength ranges using microtremor records J Geophys Res 111 B09315 doi 10 1029 2005JB004235 32 4 Tada T I Cho and Y Shinozaki 2007 Beyond the SPAC method Exploiting the wealth of circular array methods for microtremor exploration Bull Seism Soc Am 97 2080 2095 doi 10 1785 0120070058 5 Tada T I Cho and Y Shinozaki 2009 New circular array microtremor techniques to infer Love wave phase velocities Bull Seism Soc Am 99 2912 2926 doi 10 1785 0120090014 6 Cho I T Tada and Y Shinozaki 2008 A new method of microtremor exploration using miniature seismic arrays Quick estimation of average shear velocities of the shallow soil in Japanese with English abstract Butsuri Tansa 61 457 468 33 Appendix Execution log run log OS windows paramfile param sh export datadir demo synth_SN100_18mGamR0 8RV0 1 export segment_duration 10 24 export smoothband 0 3 export nseg_segave 10 export idmksegment 1 export idcalc 1 export idgnplt 1 export delete_level 0 lt SETPAR gt Three component waveforms will be used according to demo synth_SN100_18mGamRO 8RVO l seism d Analysis
9. information and automatically creates one Now that you know what data set there is let us start the analysis Go back to just beneath BIDO1 2 and double click BIDO win bat This opens a window terminal as follows this action is not necessary on Linux 3 so ws ioe F T ea cho WIN2 0 Typing run sh on this terminal and pressing the return key you get M BIDO cho WIN3 run sh HE HEHE HE JE JE JE JE IE JE JE FE JE JE JE JE JE JE JE JE JE JE JE JE JE JE JE JE JE JE JE JE JE JE JE JE JE JE JE JE JE JE JE JE JE JE JE JE JE JE JE JE JE JE JE JE JE JE JE JE JE JE JE JE IE BIDO1 2 This is a program package for the automatic analysis of microtremor data obtained with a circular array of seismic sensors usage 1 run sh return key 2 run sh paramfile return key paramfile will be created automatically by running this file C 2009 by I Cho All Rights Reserved HH HE HE JE JE JE HEHE HE JE JE JE JE JE JE JE IE JE JE JE JE JE JE JE JE JE JE JE JE JE JE JE JE JE JE JE JE JE JE JE JE JE JE JE JE JE JE JE JE JE JE JE JE JE JE JE JE JE JE JE JE JE JE FE Before the analysis you have to have all necessary input data files each one containing waveform records from a single sensor and having a simple four column or two column format as follows time s z UD x EW y NS or time s z UD A space a tab or a comma may be used as a separator There is no rule for naming the input data files except that
10. of the vertical component If you find this inconvenient to handle modify the Fortran codes for reading data src mkcrcl_uneven F and src mkcrcl_center F recompile them and reinstall Search for lines that say read cline in these two programs there are three of them in each and change the order of variables to be read for the cases of Ncomp 1 2 and 3 The analysis method of this program presupposes that waveforms are sampled at equal time intervals The time column should therefore be unnecessary as long as the start time and the sampling time interval are given you can even do without the start time in practical array data processing If you are already familiar with array analysis of microtremors you may wonder why the first column is necessary In fact you will find out on closer look into the above mentioned code for reading data that the string of time data in the first column are dummy and are not read whatever figures you may put in the first column have no influence on the analysis results I created this column simply because the graphics tool which I used to check the measurement data required a format of time and amplitude pairs directly analyzing waveforms just plotted and checked was the most efficient way As I will mention below the sampling time interval is given in a file named seism d Anyway as long as the data are aligned in this way the data type can be velocity acceleration or anything and ca
11. this script and placed in demo synth_SN100_18mGamRO 8RVO 1 RESULT To do th is cd demo synth_5N100_16mGamRO 8RVO 1 RESULT amp gnuplot plot gnplt OUTPUT demo synth_SN100_18mGamRO 8RVO 1 RESULT plot gnplt Pa lt mkdelete sh gt Delete_lvel Keep all temporal files real 21m45 812s user 2m3 317s sys 1m26 087s cho WIN3 cho WIN3 7 This shows that temporary files used in the analysis have been deleted at the end of the whole procedure Typing exit at the command prompt or pressing C Z simultaneously pressing the control key and the z key finishes the terminal screen The whole analysis is over now All analysis results are stored in a folder named RESULT which has been created beneath the data folder The following is a look into RESULT A6 5 RESULT DER Pri RRO RTV SICANA YD ALI ay Qa OQ P Orr ra He PELA BIDO1 2 2 de mo synth_SN100_18mGamRO0 8RV0 1 RE BH E TOr d Prt WEPAWSORAYD E TOr dlog a orione MO a B Oih a T10 d O eMart VelE 3S a wavew d LOTTA IVE Web CARES a wavns d E pera a wavudd a Sue alk 3 si WCE a 200 4 COPA HIRT a zor d Ba ibi a Zir d zO 2 ED wavpiot E Z1r dlog S dummy D Ayh SNI 001E mGamROAR m input mkercle_center h d 74 Fayh input mkercle_center z d O AEFaAb Z input mkercle_circle h d P vf e h E a a logfile mkercle_center h d loefile mkercle_center z d loefile mkercle_circle h d loefile mkercle_ci
12. value The rk obtained is used to calculate the phase velocity c 2p fik f stands for frequency 5 Repeat Steps 3 and 4 as Many Times as There Are Segment Clusters 6 Calculating Means and Standard Deviations script mkave sh src calave F If the number of segments number of segments over which averages are taken when estimating spectral densities with the segment averaging method In other words the integer value that you enter in the dialogue Number of data segments over which averages are taken Enter 0 or a very large number if you wish to use all segments simultaneously on activating the program satisfies number of all segments catalogued in the segment file A6 4 gt number of segments then more than one spectral density estimates are obtained from the given waveform data If we define number of segment clusters number of all segments catalogued in the segment file A6 4 number of segments there will be as many estimates of spectral densities spectral ratios derived from them and phase velocities as the number of segment clusters the remainder of division is discarded This program calculates means and standard deviations on the basis of those estimates When the program is executed folders with names RESULT a number are generated beneath the data folder The number here represents that of a segment cluster and these numerically named folders contain the corresponding analysis results The
13. 0 000001 0 018000 S02 d 0 0 017119 0 005562 S03 d 0 0 010581 0 014562 S04 d 0 0 010579 0 014563 S05 d 0 0 017119 0 005564 S06 d 0 Notes Appending at the head of a line comments that line out except for COMP and DT There is no rule on the order of arrangement of these data 26 When there are only two sensors constituting the array think of either one of them as being at the center and the other as lying around the circle and accordingly set integers of 1 and 0 to the right of the data file names When there is only one sensor constituting the array the integer to the right of the data file name can be either 0 or 1 the H V spectrum alone is calculated and there will be no array processing When the records have three components COMP 3 the H V spectrum is calculated using the file indicated in the top data line A6 4 The segment File Description A file indicating which segment portions should be extracted from the waveform data File Name The file is named differently for different components contained in the waveform data Vertical motion alone is contained data folder RESULT segment_z d Horizontal motion alone is contained data folder RESULT segment_h d All three components are contained gt data folder RESULT segment_3c d Format 115 Total number of segments 10 24 Segment duration 0 01 Time interval of waveform sampling 0 lt Start time of the first segment 5
14. 011011000 010011000 010111000 010011000 000000110 000000110 001001001 No of segments 10 Data segment duration 10 240 s dt 0 010s Total duration zero padded 20 480s 2048 pts Ratio of data length to total length zero padded 0 500 Power reduction is corrected based on this value Frequency interval 0 488E 01 Hz Nyquist frequency 50 0 Hz Use data window Hanning window with taper rate 0 500 513 pts Ratio of tapered power to raw power 0 50 Power reduction is corrected based on this value Use spectral window Parzen window with band width 0 30000 Hz Total 13 pts Resulting degree of freedom 65 Standard error OU OU OU OU OU OU OU OU OU OU OU OU OU OU OU OU OU OU OU OU OU OU OU OU OU OU OU OU TPU TPU TPU TPU TPU TPU TPU TPU TPU TPU TPU TPU TPU TPU TPU TPU TPU TPU TPU TPU TPU TPU TPU TPU TPU TPU TPU TPU T CSD demo synth_SN100_18mGamR0 8RV0 1 RESU T CSD demo synth_SN100_18mGamRO0 8RV0 1 RESU T CSD demo synth_SN100_18mGamR0 8R VO 1 RESU T CSD demo synth_SN100_18mGamR0 8R V0 1 RESU T CSD demo synth_SN100_18mGamRO0 8RV0 1 RESU T CSD demo synth_SN100_18mGamRO0 8RV0 1 RESU T CSD demo synth_SN100_18mGamR0 8R VO 1 RESU T CSD demo synth_SN100_18mGamRO0 8R V0 1 RESU T CSD demo synth_SN100_18mGamR0 8RV0 1 RESU T CSD demo synth_SN100_18mGamR0 8RV0 1 RESU T CSD demo synth_SN100_18mGamRO0 8RV0 1 RESU T CSD demo synth_SN100_
15. 12 Start time of the second segment 10 24 Start time of the third segment Numbers should be laid out like this one in each line There is no particular format for the numbers except that an integer alone is allowed in the first line A6 5 Analysis Results folder RESULT 1s 2 ses My cee Folder containing analysis results relevant to the nth segment cluster ave Folder containing data files used in gnuplot plots files with statistics of the analysis results in folders 1 2 ROr d Zeroth order Fourier coefficients for the radial component of measurement data around the circle ROr d log Execution log of the code that generates ROr d R10 d First order Fourier coefficients for the radial component of measurement data at the center Rir d First order Fourier coefficients for the radial component of measurement data around the circle R1r d log Execution log of the code that generates R 1r d TOr d Zeroth order Fourier coefficients for the tangential component of measurement data around the circle TOr d log Execution log of the code that generates TOr d T10 d First order Fourier coefficients for the tangential component of measurement data at the center 27 Tita First order Fourier coefficients for the tangential component of measurement data around the circle Tlr d log Execution log of the code that generates T1r d Z00 d Zeroth order Fourier coefficients for the UD component of measurement data at the center ZOr d Zeroth
16. 18mGamRO0 8RV0 1 RESU T CSD demo synth_SN100_18mGamR0 8R V0 1 RESU T CSD demo synth_SN100_18mGamR0 8RV0 1 RESU T CSD demo synth_SN100_18mGamR0 8RV0 1 RESU T CSD demo synth_SN100_18mGamR0 8RV0 1 RESU T CSD demo synth_SN100_18mGamRO0 8R V0 1 RESU T CSD demo synth_SN100_18mGamR0 8R V0 1 RESU T CSD demo synth_SN100_18mGamR0 8R V0 1 RESU T CSD demo synth_SN100_18mGamRO0 8RV0 1 RESU T CSD demo synth_SN100_18mGamR0 8RV0 1 RESU T CSD demo synth_SN100_18mGamR0 8RV0 1 RESU T CSD demo synth_SN100_18mGamR0 8RV0 1 RESU T CSD demo synth_SN100_18mGamRO0 8RV0 1 RESU T CSD demo synth_SN100_18mGamR0 8RV0 1 RESU T CSD demo synth_SN100_18mGamR0 8RV0 1 RESU T CSD demo synth_SN100_18mGamR0 8RV0 1 RESU T CSD demo synth_SN100_18mGamRO0 8RV0 1 RESU lt ESTSPEC gt NOICE No OU othe TPU idrimag 0 read only columns 1 and 2 r columns are read 0 176777 the effects of cos taper amp zero padding considered LT 1 R10_R10 d LT 1 R10_ROr d LT 1 R10_RIt d LT 1 R10_TOr d LT 1 ROr_R10 d LT 1 ROr_ROr d LT 1 ROr_RIr d LT 1 R1r_ROr d LT 1 Rir_RIr d LT 1 R1r_TOr d LT 1 R1r_T1r d LT 1 T10_ROr d LT 1 T10_TOr d LT 1 T10_Tlr d LT 1 TOr_ROr d LT 1 TOr_T10 d LT 1 TOr_TOr d LT 1 TOr_Tlr d LT 1 T1r_ROr d LT 1 T1r_TOr d LT 1 Tlr_Tlr d LT 1 ZO0_Z00 d LT 1 ZO0_Z0r d LT 1 ZOr_Z00 d LT 1 ZOr_ZOr d LT 1 Z1r_Rir d LT 1 Z1r_Tlr d LT 1 Z1r_Zlr d T DIR demo synth_SN100_18mGamR0 8RV0 1 RESULT 1 No
17. BI DO User Manual Version 1 2 BIDO is a package of analysis codes to identify properties of surface waves using circular array records of microtremors ambient vibrations bid in Japanese Ikuo Cho and Taku Tada Original text in Japanese written by I Cho and translated into English by T Tada Contact Ikuo chou aist go jp http staff aist go jp ikuo chou bidodl_en html October 7 2009 Contents 1 Outline esc crc e etter eee ee een eee eae eneaneeseaneesanneesaaaeees 3 A1 1 Array Exploration of Microtremors A1 2 The SPAC Method 2 For Whom It Is Meant lt lt ttrc ct ttr etter n ee eeaneeeean anes 4 3 Usage aa Ene eile Sip wiajevele a a Sia E Ns Sle UE tena S s Giese ale nea EELS Re Steal be W s we EGS ete 4 4 Technical Information How to Install 1rrrstrtrrttt 4 5 Program Description and Algorithm Geet bade wheres nb eaeeh E 5 6 Example of Program Execution Using Demo Data 8 A6 1 Details of the Synthetic Data A6 2 The Dialogue that Appears on Activating the Program A6 3 The seismfile A6 4 The segment File A6 5 Analysis Results folder RESULT A6 6 Analysis Results folder RESULT ave A6 7 Analysis Results folders with alphanumeric names A6 8 One Approach to Make the Most of the Method s Potential A6 9 A Knack for Setting Parameters 7 Warnings Download A AENEA new Wien Bee eine Ow mw cm Sw Ue wR Sa 31 A7 Citation Appendix Execution log 1 Outline BIDO
18. Baus a run sh 2009 06 13 14 19 SH JPII 7 KB A 22 9 P eyhI 9 a gt bho y 4 E za Ji BIDO1 0 WJ bin J demo W etc Wi script W src BIDO win bat H Windows J yF DPT w 2009 06 13 7 03 A 162 1 h 2009 06 13 6 56 The folder demo synth_SN100_18mGamR0O 8RV0 1 contains synthetic data for demo analysis re sE gt e a O ere e ET lt Ji demo synth_SN100_18mGamRO 8RV0 1 em J IrvUF EE ERV YLUT NLF H H 22 xy ae 25 EEG Ea HAZ Eo C sor d 2009 06 11 14 06 DIF 4IL 4 278 KB s02 d 2009 06 11 14 06 DIF 4TIL 4 278 KB E Erre C s03 d 2009 06 11 14 06 DIF 4IL 4 278 KB A C s04 d 2009 06 11 14 06 DIF 4 L 4 278 KB s05 d 2009 06 11 14 06 DIF 4IL 4 278 KB DAS v EIE z Osos d 2009 06 11 14 06 DIF 4 L 4 278 KB seism d 2009 06 11 14 08 DIPF 4IL 1KB WE ye a P ay KI D T IXO JL B ca J BIDO1 0 3 J bin i Ji demo J synth_SN100_18 J etc J script E sre bis A 7 ORS The six files named SOx d are microtremor waveform data obtained by setting six seismic sensors each named SO1 to S06 in the configuration shown below These are artificial data synthesized numerically for the sake of demonstration All three components were synthesized with a postulated sampling time interval of 0 01 sec and a duration of 10 min See A6 1 for details on the microtremor waveform synthesis Open SO1 d with any editor and yo
19. ESULT 1 vel_h0 d OUTPUT for H1 demo synth_SN100_18mGamR0 8RV0 1 RESULT 1 vel_h1 d OUTPUT for V demo synth_SN100_18mGamR0 8RV0 1 RESULT 1 vel_v d OUTPUT for nc CCA demo synth_SN100_18mGamRO0 8R V0 1 RESULT 1 vel_cca lwapx d OUTPUT for NSR limit by CCA demo synth_SN100_18mGamR0 8RV0 1 RESULT 1 nsrlim_cca d OUTPUT for NSR limit by nc CCA demo synth_SN100_18mGamRO0 8RV0 1 RESULT 1 nsrlim_cca lwapx d lt SPEC2PV for horizontal components gt Array radius 0 018000 from demo synth_SN100_18mGamRO0 8RV0 1 RESULT ROr d log OUTPUT for CCA L demo synth_SN100_18mGamR0 8RV0 1 RESULT 1 velh_cca_minus_L d OUTPUT for CCA R demo synth_SN100_18mGamRO0 8RV0 1 RESULT 1 velh_cca_minus_R d OUTPUT for SPAC L demo synth_SN100_18mGamRO0 8RV0 1 RESULT 1 velh_spac_minus_L d OUTPUT for SPAC L demo synth_SN100_18mGamR0 8RV0 1 RESULT 1 velh_spac_plus_L d OUTPUT for SPAC R demo synth_SN100_18mGamR0 8R VO 1 RESULT 1 velh_spac_minus_R d OUTPUT for SPAC R demo synth_SN100_18mGamR0 8RV0 1 RESULT 1 velh_spac_plus_R d Averaging over 11 segment clusters For the sake of robustness the maximum and minimum values plus non numbers ex NaN are eliminated from the averaging process when the number of segment clusters exceeds NROBUST4AVERAGE_INC defined in the file PARAM h Read the file demo synth_SN100_18mGamR0 8RV0 1 RESULT ave ave info for details OUTPUT demo synth_SN100_18mGamR0 8RV0 1 RESULT ave vel_cca d OUTPUT demo synth_SN100_18mGamR0 8RV
20. O 1 RESULT ave vel_cca lwapx d OUTPUT demo synth_SN100_18mGamR0 8RV0 1 RESULT ave vel_h0 d OUTPUT demo synth_SN100_18mGamR0 8RV0 1 RESULT ave vel_h1 d OUTPUT demo synth_SN100_18mGamR0 8RV0 1 RESULT ave vel_spac d OUTPUT demo synth_SN100_18mGamR0 8RV0 1 RESULT ave vel_v d 36 OU OU OU OU OU OU OU OU OU OU OU OU TPU TPU TPU TPU TPU TPU TPU TPU TPU TPU TPU TPU demo synth_SN100_18mGamR0 8RVO 1 RESU demo synth_SN100_18mGamR0 8R VO 1 RESU demo synth_SN100_18mGamR0 8RVO 1 RESU demo synth_SN100_18mGamR0 8RVO 1 RESU demo synth_SN100_18mGamR0 8RVO 1 RESU demo synth_SN100_18mGamR0 8RVO 1 RESU demo synth_SN100_18mGamR0 8RVO 1 RESU demo synth_SN100_18mGamR0 8RVO 1 RESU demo synth_SN100_18mGamR0 8RVO 1 RESU demo synth_SN100_18mGamR0 8RVO 1 RESU demo synth_SN100_18mGamR0 8RV0 1 RESU demo synth_SN100_18mGamR0 8RVO 1 RESU lt mkgnplt sh gt NOTE This script uses a program gnuplot to plot the analysis results all analysis results are contained in demo synth_SN100_18mGamR0 8RV0 1 RESULT You can manually plot the same figures later using a gnuplot macro plot gnplt which was created by this script and is found in demo synth_SN100_18mGamRO 8RV0 1 RESULT To do this type cd demo synth_SN100_18mGamR0 8RV0 1 RESULT amp gnuplot plot gnplt OUTPUT demo synth_SN100_18mGamRO 8RVO 1 RESULT plot gnplt lt mkdelete sh gt All temporary files preserved LT ave velh_cca_minus_L d LT ave velh_cca_minus_R d LT ave velh_
21. RESULT ave folder contains output of statistical processing of the analysis results stored in those numerically named folders To eliminate outliers the maximum and minimum values are excluded from the statistical processing if and only if there are more segment clusters than the number NROBUST4A VERAGE_INC indicated in src PARAM h NROBUST4AVERAGE_INC is set at 8 by default Some of the analysis results are averaged arithmetically and others logarithmically Logarithmic averaging is used when averaging ratios like AmpRV_R d nsr d nsrlim_cca d nsrlim_cca lwapx d and powratio_R2L d A6 6 Bendat J S and A G Piersol Random Data Analysis and Measurement Procedures John Wiley amp Sons 1971 Shampine L F and H A Watts FZERO a root solving code Report SC TM 70 631 Sandia Laboratories 1970 6 Example of Program Execution Using Demo Data The following is an illustration of demo execution on Windows the flow is basically the same on Linux Decompress BIDO1 2 tgz You will find BIDO1 2 contains the following files D I me te m T TOt BIDOLO BR p JPAIF WEE ERV YLT ALA H 22 fax Eel Am EE g Eeo 2a S78 a HAZ J bin 2009 06 13 6 56 DPA IAW E kFax gt br j J demo 2009 06 13 6 56 TIPAN IAM Bese Ji etc 2009 06 13 6 56 IPLI IHY a J script 2009 06 13 6 56 DPA IAW src 2009 06 13 6 58 DPA IAIN TAN hd BIDO win bat 2009 06 13 7 03 Windows y 2 1KB
22. Setting this option to 1 means that portions of the data to be used in the estimation of spectral densities are selected automatically from the waveform data and that a segment file A6 4 is generated Create a segment file on your own and set this option to 0 if you wish to make your own selection of the portions of the waveform to be used in the analysis Calculate phase velocities and other properties of surface waves y n 1 0 1 Set this option to 1 to execute the data processing Delete temporary data files y n 1 0 0 amp Setting this option to 1 ensures that all intermediary data generated on the way are deleted when the data processing is over except for the final analysis results and a small number of input files and log files Setting this to 0 allows all intermediary data to be preserved Plot analysis results y n 1 0 1 Set this option to 1 to plot the analysis results Basic parameters Take a look at Estimating Spectral Densities Section 5 and A Knack for Setting Parameters A6 9 before proceeding to enter the following parameters Duration of data segments for the evaluation of spectra s 10 24 amp The segment duration seconds used in the estimation of spectral densities segment averaging method When the number of data points calculated by segment duration sampling time interval is not equal to a power of two it is automatically zero padded to a power of two during FFT for the sake of efficiency it
23. a word and press the TAB key so that the rest of the spelling turns up automatically For example if you press run sh d TAB it automatically turns into run sh demo auto complete is valid for the rest of the text So if you execute run sh with the parameter file as an argument the dialogue appearing at the start of the program asks you about the parameters of the last execution by default when the parameters are not given explicitly like this default_param sh beneath the script folder is automatically referred to Note that when you rerun the analysis all folders with numerical names such as 1 2 etc and an ave folder beneath RESULT are automatically deleted If you do not wish those folders to be deleted you have to move them somewhere else or to rename them before you rerun Finally in the present example we have obtained analysis results for the 1 phase velocities of Love waves 2 phase velocities of Rayleigh waves 3 R V spectra of Rayleigh waves 4 power shares of Rayleigh waves in horizontal motion and 5 NS ratios of vertical motion because we used three component array data with a central sensor In general however the analysis output and graphic output depend on the array geometry whether it includes a central sensor and the number of components in the waveform vertical motion only horizontal motion only or all three components Take a try by editing the seism d file to set COMP at 1 2 and 3 and co
24. and first orders by default Our theory is adaptable to unevenly spaced sensors around the circle and adaptability to practical cases has been investigated for the CCA method Reference 1 We have not however closely investigated the adaptability for all methods so we recommend the use of equidistant arrays to the extent that that is possible we are particularly uncertain about the adaptability to methods that use cross spectral densities 3 Estimating Spectral Densities script estspec sh src estspec F This program estimates spectral densities by using both techniques of segment averaging and spectral smoothing for the raw FFT ed spectral densities Bendat amp Piersol 1971 The raw spectral densities are smoothed with a Parzen window before they are segment averaged The segment duration and the number of segments in the averaging over multiple segments are given in the dialogue on activating the program Duration of data segments for the evaluation of spectra and Number of data segments 6 over which averages are taken Enter 0 or a very large number if you wish to use all segments simultaneously The bandwidth of smoothing with a Parzen window is given in the dialogue Band width of the Parzen spectral window 4 Calculating Spectral Ratios script specratio sh Ratios are taken with no frills between spectral densities estimated in the above described procedure except when the denominator is zero Different typ
25. atios OUTPUT demo synth_SN100_18mGamR0 8RV0 1 RESULT wavud d OUTPUT demo synth_SN100_18mGamR0 8R VO 1 RESULT wavew d OUTPUT demo synth_SN100_18mGamR0 8RV0 1 RESULT wavns d Preexisting directori es detected created in a previous calculation demo synth_SN100_18mGamR0 8RV0 1 RESULT 1 demo synth_SN100_18mGamR0 8RV0O 1 RESULT ave NOTE These directories are removed to proceed with the current analysis Step 1 Total 11 lt SETPAR gt Three component waveforms will be used according to demo synth_SN100_18mGamRO 8RVO 1 seism d Analysis includes the estimation of horizontal to vertical spectral ratios lt ESTSPEC gt NOICE idrimag 1 read columns 1 3 column 1 time 2 real part 3 imaginary part OUTPUT DIR demo synth_SN100_18mGamR0 8RV0 1 RESULT 1 No of Seismograms 9 DATAFILE 1 demo synth_SN100_18mGamR0 8RV0 1 RESULT R10 d DATAFILE 2 demo synth_SN100_18mGamR0 8RVO0 1 RESULT ROr d DATAFILE 3 demo synth_SN100_18mGamR0 8RV0 1 RESULT R Ir d DATAFILE 4 demo synth_SN100_18mGamR0 8RV0 1 RESULT T10 d DATAFILE 5 demo synth_SN100_18mGamR0 8RV0 1 RESULT TOr d DATAFILE 6 demo synth_SN100_18mGamRO 8RV0 1 RESULT TIr d DATAFILE 7 demo synth_SN100_18mGamR0 8RV0 1 RESULT Z00 d DATAFILE 8 demo synth_SN100_18mGamR0 8RV0 1 RESULT Z0r d DATAFILE 9 demo synth_SN100_18mGamRO 8RV0 1 RESULT Z11 d 34 Cross spectral density calculations 1 yes 2 no COmANADAWMNPWNHE 123456789 111010000 111000000
26. aves in horizontal motion 5 the H V spectrum 6 comparison of the R V spectrum of Rayleigh waves and the H V spectrum and 7 NS ratios of horizontal motion are displayed in plots 14 1 Phase velocities of Love waves are shown in data points with error bars standard deviations The horizontal axis frequency the vertical axis phase velocity PEE Prase Velocity kms 5 07197 0 100776 IO x Love Wave Velocities avofeoth_spac_minus_L d u Froqueecy Hz Analysis results from three methods called the CCA L SPAC L and SPAC L methods are shown simultaneously The straight lines radiating from the origin stand for wavelengths of 2 5 etc times the array radius r just for reference The prescribed Love wave phase velocities A6 1 seem to be reproduced in a band of approximately 1 2 Hz For reference below is an enlarged view of the comparison approximately between 0 4 and 2 2 Hz between the phase velocities prescribed in creating the synthetic data solid curve and the analysis results With gnuplot it is fairly easy to enlarge certain parts of a plot See gnuplot manual pages for details Phase Valocity tv s ea mews La u 1 23 T eheh apee miss L d u 1 23 aolvelh_spac_plus_Ld u 1 23 yapa loved a oe eee I FEF E petta SS TEE 2 19779 0 368774 2 Go back to the terminal and press the return key This
27. e TT a hk mA dc kc nk a i E T A i i E AN T tk R S02 4 NS SL Te eT PT ee eT eT ee eT Ee Tay mane T ree PY a ak hl el i il il Ak st Baht Ak ht hhc As hai dash Dh a ds Dh il it smdan LOGE TEE E A T E A T E E E E TO E T E r fad hih Lk ia Laka h Laddi lta kk fk da i a hakala aaam lh ha aahi aata aai As ahah i Al hk Ad d S06 d EW LT LTT TT A R O S T TaT AA HN E T F wae LORRI AE ect At A ee T ae e SERAN mn Syn a ARE S02 aew keam anes Bidan Wn ddadda as dt Mdi a Laiad aad ih dd as nL nD id wd i Bb S01 dEW y SEE VETTE TTO N TO ETE OT SET T T TT eT R neee MI Li Nad Li th ld A E E O E EENE E i lll al S06 d UD PPPE E E T aT ut nah a A ih na ddd ch hn A cl A ail E NE nih en S05 d UD EETA Ait ORR NE T ET IO in diel E G R E A O E A YE A O A T A E hl ih ws aca T T E E E N T N sau Se eee pe EI a TT TT OT TET TE TATAY EE LS re Pe TTT E Se RE soaa nae eset a a T anada aaa da a ee r s auo 0 100 200 20 a0 sw a Time s 913 801 658 404 Going back to the interactive terminal screen and pressing the return key erases this plot and kicks off the spectral analysis The execution log of the analysis looks like this Appendix This log is automatically generated in the folder where the data files are stored When the analysis is over 1 phase velocities of Love waves 2 phase velocities of Rayleigh waves 3 an R V spectrum of Rayleigh waves 4 the power shares of Rayleigh w
28. es Rayleigh and Love waves were made to arrive as plane waves in the array as illustrated in the figure below We assumed that both Rayleigh and Love waves arrived from all directions with equal intensities but that Rayleigh and Love waves had different intensities More specifically we set the Rayleigh to Love power ratio at 4 1 The horizontal to vertical amplitude ratio of the Rayleigh waves was set at 1 10 The ratios were fixed at these values for all frequencies 4 Noise On top of the Rayleigh and Love wave signals we added incoherent noise with the following properties Records of noise at different stations are mutually uncorrelated Noise is stationary in time Noise is uncorrelated with the signals We calculated the noise intensity corresponding to an SN ratio of 100 for all UD NS and EW components and added noise on top of the signals composed of Rayleigh and Love waves y NS Rayleigh waves so Yd CON on S06 N 503 501 oo 3 t Love waves 24 A6 2 The Dialogue that Appears on Activating the Program The Dialogue that appears on activating the program asks about the following parameters Enter appropriate values according to instructions written in red Data directory name demo synth_SN100_18mGamRO 8RV0 1 gt amp Enter the name of the folder containing data files Separate the folder path with slashes Execution parameters Automatically select data portions to be used y n 1 0 1
29. es of spectral ratios are linked to the phase velocities via formulae described in References 2 5 Note that the autocorrelation coefficient of the SPAC method is defined here by a spectral ratio according to the formulation of Reference 2 in usual practice the SPAC coefficient is calculated as an azimuthal average of complex coherences between the central point and a peripheral point Calculating the H V spectrum Starting with Version 1 2 2 I added a feature that estimates horizontal to vertical H V spectral ratios provided that the data have three components at the one station that is indicated at the top of the seism file A6 3 the power of horizontal motion is defined as the sum of the NS and EW component powers Accordingly even when the seism file A6 3 describes a single measurement station alone even if this does not constitute an array H V spectral ratios are calculated as long as there are three component records Once the calculation is over the logarithmic mean and standard deviation are plotted Calculating Phase Velocities script spec2pv sh src sctr2pv F Spectral ratios are equated to Bessel functions according to the formulae and a root solving method that combines bisection and the secant method Shampine amp Watts 1970 is used to search for rk radius times wavenumber the argument of the Bessel functions in the range 0 rkmax rkmax corresponds to the first maximum or minimum of the function
30. ethod spr_hl d Spectral ratios used to infer phase velocities of Rayleigh waves with the H1 method spr_hv d Ratios of the power of horizontal motion sum of the two horizontal component powers to the power of vertical motion spr_spac d Spectral ratios used to infer phase velocities of Rayleigh waves with the SPAC method spatial autocorrelation coefficients according to an original definition spr_v d Spectral ratios used to infer phase velocities of Rayleigh waves with the V method sprh_cca_minus_L d Spectral ratios used to infer phase velocities of Love waves with the CCA L method sprh_cca_minus_R d Spectral ratios used to infer phase velocities of Rayleigh waves with the CCA R method sprh_spac_minus_L d Spectral ratios used to infer phase velocities of Love waves with the SPAC L method sprh_spac_minus_R d Spectral ratios used to infer phase velocities of Rayleigh waves with the SPAC R method sprh_spac_plus_L d Spectral ratios used to infer phase velocities of Love waves with the SPAC L method sprh_spac_plus_R d Spectral ratios used to infer phase velocities of Rayleigh waves with the SPAC R method vel_cca d Phase velocities of Rayleigh waves according to the CCA method vel_cca lwapx d Phase velocities of Rayleigh waves according to the nc CCA method vel_h0 d Phase velocities of Rayleigh waves according to the HO method 30 vel_h1 d Phase velocities of Rayleigh waves according to the H1 method vel_spac d Phase velocities
31. h_SN100_18mGamRO 8RV0 1 RESULT Z1r d log OUTPUT for NSR demo synth_SN100_18mGamR0 8RV0 1 RESULT 1 nsr d OUTPUT for signal power demo synth_SN100_18mGamR0 8RV0 1 RESULT 1 pow_signal d OUTPUT for noise power demo synth_SN100_18mGamR0 8RVO 1 RESULT 1 pow_noise d OUTPUT for H1 demo synth_SN100_18mGamR0 8RV0 1 RESULT 1 spr_h1 d OUTPUT for V demo synth_SN100_18mGamR0 8RV0 1 RESULT 1 spr_v d lt SPECRATIO for horizontal components gt OUTPUT for CCA L demo synth_SN100_18mGamR0 8RV0 1 RESULT 1 sprh_cca_minus_L d OUTPUT for CCA R demo synth_SN100_18mGamR0 8RV0 1 RESULT 1 sprh_cca_minus_R d OUTPUT for R V demo synth_SN100_18mGamR0 8RV0 1 RESULT 1 AmpRV_R d OUTPUT for SPAC L demo synth_SN100_18mGamR0 8RV0 1 RESULT 1 sprh_spac_minus_L d OUTPUT for SPAC L demo synth_SN100_18mGamR0 8RV0 1 RESULT 1 sprh_spac_plus_L d OUTPUT for SPAC R demo synth_SN100_18mGamR0 8R VO 1 RESULT 1 sprh_spac_minus_R d OUTPUT for SPAC R demo synth_SN100_18mGamR0 8RV0 1 RESULT 1 sprh_spac_plus_R d OUTPUT for R R L demo synth_SN100_18mGamR0 8RV0 1 RESULT 1 powratio_R2L d lt SPECRATIO HV gt OUTPUT for HV spectral ratio demo synth_SN100_18mGamR0 8RV0 1 RESULT 1 spr_hv d lt SPEC2PV gt Array radius 0 018000 from demo synth_SN100_18mGamRO 8RV0 1 RESULT Z1r d log OUTPUT for CCA demo synth_SN100_18mGamR0 8RV0 1 RESULT 1 vel_cca d OUTPUT for SPAC demo synth_SN100_18mGamR0 8RV0 1 RESULT 1 vel_spac d OUTPUT for HO demo synth_SN100_18mGamR0 8RVO0 1 R
32. iate input given the program automatically proceeds and plots the analysis results for you The results are stored in an output folder that is automatically created under the data folder See Example of Program Execution Using Demo Data Section 6 for details 4 Technical Information How to Install Basic Information A string of core programs written in Fortran compilers g77 and ifort unchecked for others linked together via B shell are executed one after another Operability confirmed on Windows XP and Vista and Linux Fedora 10 If you are using Windows simply download the archive decompress and execute The registry is not rewritten so simply dump the folder into the recycle bin to uninstall The folder may be saved anywhere like on the Desktop or in the root of the C drive If you are using Linux it is recommendable to recompile the Fortran codes although executable files are included in the package To compile and install decompress the archive enter the src directory and execute Install_linux sh Gnuplot free is used in drawing graphs so you have to install it separately unless it is already installed on your PC Program Implementation on Windows The development and operation environment is based on Linux For use on Windows the Fortran source codes were compiled using Cygwin free and a shell environment was implemented using MSYS free The graphic tool gnuplot is also included in the package compila
33. icients around the circle horizontal components logfile mkcrcle_circle z d Execution log of the code that calculates Fourier coefficients around the circle UD component plot gnplt Macro to activate gnuplot segment_3c d Segment file A6 4 describing which segments were extracted from the measurement data segment_3c d histogram Histogram of RMSs used in the automatic selection of the segments A6 6 Analysis Results folder ave AmpRV_R d Horizontal to vertical amplitude ratios of Rayleigh waves averaged logarithmically ave info Rough explanation of how the analysis results were averaged nsr d NS ratios of vertical motion averaged logarithmically nsrlim_cca d Threshold NS ratios calculated with phase velocity estimates of the CCA method 5 tolerance for relative error averaged logarithmically 28 nsrlim_cca lwapx d Threshold NS ratios calculated with phase velocity estimates of the nc CCA method 5 tolerance for relative error averaged logarithmically powratio_R2L d Power shares of Rayleigh waves in the total power of horizontal motion averaged logarithmically spr_hv d Ratios of the power of horizontal motion sum of the two horizontal component powers to the power of vertical motion averaged logarithmically vel_cca d Phase velocities of Rayleigh waves according to the CCA method vel_cca lwapx d Phase velocities of Rayleigh waves according to the nc CCA method vel_h0 d Phase velocities of Rayleigh waves according
34. ile name and integer 1 or O 1 if center 0 000001 0 018000 S02 d 0 0 017119 0 005562 S03 d 0 0 010581 0 014562 S04 d 0 0 010579 0 014563 S05 d 0 0 017119 0 005564 S06 d 0 Notes Appending at the head of a line comments that line out except for COMP and DT There is no rule on the order of arrangement of these data When there are only two sensors constituting the array think of either one of them as being at the center and the other as lying around the circle and accordingly set integers of 1 and 0 to the right of the data file names When there is only one sensor constituting the array the integer to the right of the data file name can be either 0 or 1 the H V spectrum alone is calculated and there will be no array processing When the records have three components COMP 3 the H V spectrum is calculated using the file indicated in the top data line A6 3 The seismfile Description A file prescribing the array geometry waveform components and the sampling time interval File Name data folder RESULT seism d Format COMP 3 1 ud 2 ns amp ew 3 three components BEnter the waveform components type 1 2 or 3 following a space or a tab after COMP DT 0 01 BEnter the time interval of waveform sampling type a figure following a space or a tab after DT 0 000000 0 000000 SOl d 1 From left to right the x coordinate km y coordinate km data file name and integer 1 or 0 1 if center
35. includes the estimation of horizontal to vertical spectral ratios lt MKSEGMENT gt Output demo synth_SN100_18mGamR0 8RV0 1 RESULT segment_3c d Segments with RMS values between 1 000000 and 1 200000 are selected NOTE 115 segments have been selected lt mkgnplt_wave sh gt NOTE This script uses a program gnuplot to plot the waveforms You can manually plot the same figures later using a gnuplot macro plot_wave gnplt which was created by this script and is found in demo synth_SN100_18mGamR0 8RVO 1 RESULT To do this type cd demo synth_SN100_18mGamR0 8RV0 1 RESULT amp gnuplot plot_wave gnplt OUTPUT demo synth_SN100_18mGamRO 8RV0 1 RESULT plot_wave gnplt lt MKCIRCLE gt seismfile demo synth_SN100_18mGamR0 8R VO 1 seism d OUTPUT demo synth_SN100_18mGamR0 8RV0 1 RESULT Z0r d OUTPUT demo synth_SN100_18mGamR0 8RV0 1 RESULT Z1r d OUTPUT demo synth_SN100_18mGamR0 8RVO 1 RESULT Z00 d lt MKCIRCLE_H gt seismfile demo synth_SN100_18mGamR0 8R VO 1 seism d OUTPUT demo synth_SN100_18mGamR0 8RV0 1 RESULT ROr d OUTPUT demo synth_SN100_18mGamR0 8RV0 1 RESULT R Ir d OUTPUT demo synth_SN100_18mGamR0 8RV0 1 RESULT TOr d OUTPUT demo synth_SN100_18mGamR0 8RV0 1 RESULT T1r d OUTPUT demo synth_SN100_18mGamR0 8RV0O 1 RESULT R10 d OUTPUT demo synth_SN100_18mGamRO0 8RVO0 1 RESULT T10 d lt MKWAV3C gt seismfile demo synth_SN100_18mGamR0 8R VO 1 seism d demo synth_SN100_18mGamR0 8RV0 1 S01 d used to estimate horizontal to vertical spectral r
36. is an analysis tool we offer free for the array exploration of microtremors The software can be used to identify properties of surface waves that travel on the ground surface by analyzing circular array records of microtremors Since 2000 our research group centered on the former Shinozaki laboratory at the Tokyo University of Science joint research by Professor Yuzo Shinozaki Dr Taku Tada myself Ikuo Cho and graduate students have undertaken generalization of the SPAC method theory Reference 2 and have developed methods that allowed phase velocities of Rayleigh waves to be identified into much longer wavelength ranges than the traditional SPAC method the CCA method 1 3 and other derivative methods 4 Our theories have also made it possible to identify phase velocities of Love waves 5 signal to noise ratios 3 horizontal to vertical amplitude ratios R V spectra 2 of Rayleigh waves and Rayleigh to Love power ratios 5 with simple methods unknown in traditional approaches BIDO is an analysis tool for microtremor data circular array records that uses these methods to identify properties of surface waves A1 1 Array Exploration of Microtremors The ground surface is constantly trembling because of industrial activities ocean waves and winds They are of course too small to be felt by human bodies and can be detected only by microtremor sensors high sensitivity seismic sensors These small tremors are called microtremo
37. is recommendable to set values so that it equals a power of two Number of data segments over which averages are taken Enter 0 or a very large number if you wish to use all segments simultaneously 10 amp The number of segments integer used in the estimation of spectral densities segment averaging method Entering a large integer which exceeds the total number of segments catalogued in the segment file or zero means segment averaging for a single segment virtually no segment averaging Band width of the Parzen spectral window Hz 0 3 amp The width of the spectral Parzen window Hz used in the estimation of spectral densities smoothing method Entering zero means a zero window width virtually no use of a spectral window Data file and array geometry A preexisting seismfile demo synth_SN100_18mGamR0 8RVO 1 seism d for the data file names and the array geometry has been detected amp Prescribe the array geometry waveform components and the sampling time interval in data folder seism d When that file is not found interactive questions generate one automatically COMP 3 1 ud 2 ns amp ew 3 three components amp Enter the waveform components type 1 2 or 3 following a space or a tab after COMP DT 0 01 amp Enter the time interval of waveform sampling type a figure following a space or a tab after DT 0 000000 0 000000 SOl d_ 1 From left to right the x coordinate km y coordinate km data f
38. mment out the line about the central station In seism d appending at the head of a line comments that line out except for the lines with DT and COMP Rerunning the analysis you will obtain results for 2 and 5 alone for vertical motion array data COMP 1 witha central station and 2 alone for vertical motion array data without a central station at the head of the third line You will obtain 1 and 2 for horizontal motion array data COMP 2 with or without a central station and 1 2 and 3 for three component array data COMP 3 without a central station at the head of the third line A6 1 Details of the Synthetic Data The synthetic data were generated under the assumption that the field of microtremors satisfied the following conditions 1 Chacateristics of the microtremor wavefield signals The field of microtremors is dominated by surface waves Rayleigh and Love waves The waves arrive as plane waves in the array The wavefield is stationary in both time and space The Rayleigh and Love waves are mutually uncorrelated 2 Phase velocities of Rayleigh and Love waves 23 Phase velocities as illustrated in the figure below were prescribed to the Rayleigh and Love waves red and green respectively 2 rayl d love Phase Velocity km s Frequency Hz 5 16452 0 839190 3 Arrival directions and intensities of Rayleigh and Love wav
39. mplitude ratio so it should be equal to its square 0 01 in terms of the power ratio The given R V and H V values are equal to 0 01 and 0 0125 respectively a difference represented well in the analysis results given here Comparison between HIV and RAV Spectra Froquency Hz 5 15742 0 0543137 7 Pressing the return key again takes you to the final plot that of the NS ratios inverse of the SN ratios Ratios of the power of incoherent noise to the power of signals of vertical motion red curves Noise to Signal Ratio for the vertical component only Observed Uppor limit from PhsVel by CCA Upper lima from PhsVel by nc CCA NSR 1005 Frequency Hz 3 72797 7 40623e 00 I set the SN ratio at 100 in the synthetic data A6 1 This corresponds to an NS ratio of 0 01 because it is the inverse of the SN ratio The analysis results returned comparable values in low frequency ranges over 1 Hz The pink and blue curves in the above figure show threshold NS ratios calculated using phase velocity estimates from the CCA and nc CCA methods respectively A threshold NS ratio is a reference value used to evaluate the reliability of analysis results from the CCA method not the nc CCA method When the observed NS ratios exceed the threshold NS ratios the analysis results of the CCA method tend to be underestimates In the above figure the red comes above the pink and above the blue below
40. n be of any unit There is no constraint on the format of the values with an exponent part or with a floating point Separators between values 10 can either be spaces tabs or commas There is no particular rule on the naming of data files they can even lack the extension d When you have created data files one for each seismic sensor place them all within a single folder Let all waveforms in the data files start at time zero You will find a file named seism d in the same folder Open it to find areon TT eke File Edit Options Buffers Tools Help DeBr EBs Hopse e xse COMP 3 1 ud 2 ns amp ew 3 three components a DT 0 01 0 000000 0 000000 SOl d 1 0 000001 0 018000 02 d 0 0 017119 0 005562 03 d 0 0 010581 0 014562 04 d 0 0 010579 0 014563 05 d 0 0 017119 0 005564 06 d 0 The figure in the first row indicates the components to be used in the analysis In the second row is the sampling time interval of the waveform records COMP and DT are a sort of spells and should not be omitted In the third row and below are x and y coordinates km data file names and center periphery IDs 1 for center and 0 for periphery The file name seism d should not be modified and it should be placed within the same folder as the measurement data This file need not however necessarily have been created beforehand When this file is not found in the data folder the program simply asks for necessary
41. of Rayleigh waves according to the SPAC method spatial autocorrelation coefficients according to an original definition vel_v d Phase velocities of Rayleigh waves according to the V method velh_cca_minus_L d Phase velocities of Love waves according to the CCA L method velh_cca_minus_R d Phase velocities of Rayleigh waves according to the CCA R method velh_spac_minus_L d Phase velocities of Love waves according to the SPAC L method velh_spac_minus_R d Phase velocities of Rayleigh waves according to the SPAC R method velh_spac_plus_L d Phase velocities of Love waves according to the SPAC L method velh_spac_plus_R d Phase velocities of Rayleigh waves according to the SPAC R method vel d lint Data resampled for the statistical processing of phase velocities A6 8 One Approach to Make the Most of the Method s Potential The CCA method one of the analysis methods adopted in our codes allows one to analyze waves of very long wavelengths when the SN ratios signal to noise power ratios are sufficiently good Presence of noise sources near the seismic array lowers SN ratios but it is difficult to control microtremor noise sources in urban areas where humans live and industries are active The only solution would be to use miniature arrays with very small sizes if the array lies within the reach of arms it should be easy to ensure a calm environment in its surroundings at least while the measurement is active about 15 minutes The picture
42. order Fourier coefficients for the UD component of measurement data around the circle ZOr d log Execution log of the code that generates ZOr d Zlr d First order Fourier coefficients for the UD component of measurement data around the circle Zlr d log Execution log of the code that generates Z1r d wavud d Copy of the data file indicated first in the seism file Used to estimate the H V spectrum wavns d Copy of the data file indicated first in the seism file Used to estimate the H V spectrum wavew d Copy of the data file indicated first in the seism file Used to estimate the H V spectrum dummy Used in gnuplot plots A dummy data file that contains nothing input mkcrcle_center h d Input data for the calculation of Fourier coefficients at the center horizontal components input mkcrcle_center z d Input data for the calculation of Fourier coefficients at the center UD component input mkcrcle_circle h d Input data for the calculation of Fourier coefficients around the circle horizontal components input mkcrcle_circle z d Input data for the calculation of Fourier coefficients around the circle UD component logfile mkcrcle_center h d Execution log of the code that calculates Fourier coefficients at the center horizontal components logfile mkcrcle_center z d Execution log of the code that calculates Fourier coefficients at the center UD component logfile mkcrcle_circle h d Execution log of the code that calculates Fourier coeff
43. rcle z d plot enplt 5 plot_wave enplt ROr d GEESS ROr dlog Rir d Rir dlog 20 All data files used in the above plots are stored in the folder named ave short for average The following is a look into ave A6 6 THD MRO RTV BACANA YD A7 O O B Pex 2s E P ELAW C Documents and Settings cho F A9 Prt MEPANAORAD BO BLOI TEPER COPE Web CARIS E OEA zO RESULT B H tyh O R RF Q Yt A TEESID pp0000ODODODOMOCOOCIE BIDO1 2 2 BIDO1 2 2 demo synth_SN100_18mGamRO 8RVO0 1 RE x BH nsr d nsrlim_ccad nsr lim_cca lwapx d powratio_R2L d spr _hv d vel ccad velcca lwapx d velhO d velh1 d vel_spac d velv d velh_cca_minus_L d velh_cca_minus_Rd velh_spac_minus_L d velh_spac_minus_Rd velh_spac_plus_L d velh_spac_plus_ Rd All files in the ave folder are statistical processings of individual analysis results that are stored in folders with numerical names such as 1 2 etc The numerically named folders contain not just the analysis results intended for statistical processing and storage in ave but also a variety of analysis results such as spectral densities and spectral ratios that are normally not referred to unless you are really into in depth analysis For example the folder named 1 contains the following analysis results A6 7 770W REO RTV BACANA Qz O Pp prr Er E YTD AMPH DEK ay
44. rs random noise Simultaneous measurement using more than one microtremor sensors installed on the ground surface is called array measurement of microtremors Array measurement of microtremors allows one to infer phase velocities of surface waves propagation velocities of waves called Rayleigh waves and Love waves on the basis of which one can then infer soil properties velocity structures By the term array exploration of microtremors we refer to the whole flow of procedures that start with array measurement of microtremors and end with evaluation of subsurface structures A1 2 The SPAC Method A technique of microtremor exploration to analyze phase velocities There are two major categories of analysis methods for phase velocities namely the Capon method also known as the FK method and the spatial autocorrelation SPAC method The spatial autocorrelation method was published by Keiiti Aki in 1957 whereas the Capon method was published by Jack Capon in 1969 The spatial autocorrelation method could be called more classic in that sense but one had to await the activities of Hokkaido University s Hiroshi Okada and coworkers publication years 1983 200 and the University of Tokyo s Kazuyoshi Kudo and coworkers before one could see it becoming a practical method of microtremor exploration It is only after they began their activities that the spatial autocorrelation method came to be known by a diminutive acronym the SPAC method The
45. s Are you sure to start running the program now y n You will find the parameters you entered between two rows of If you are to analyze your own measurement data be sure to check out detailed descriptions of the uestions asked A6 2 and a knack for setting parameters A 6 8 You are now being asked if it is all right to start the analysis with the values presented so typing y will launch the analysis which will proceed automatically Soon after analysis begins prior to the data processing to estimate the spectra there appears a plot of the waveform records and information on which parts of them will be used in the spectral analysis see below Waveforms and the parts of them used in the spectral analysis are illustrated with red and green plus signs respectively 13 m gnuplot graph 0X NORMALIZED WAVEFORMS RESAMPLED ATO s Pesampled tee plot only by variable dt_wavplot in seript setpar sh Pluses indicate selected portions Gemo synth SN100 18mGamROGRVO 1 RESULT seement Ied Curation of each sement 10 24 s Total number of ceemenits 115 Number of seements for averaging 10 gt Repest calculation 11 times iS ab ANAA recta ae hh liana hn in lh sh A kl ch Wh ed ick cll ch hn hte hh ns mh in Wh thn hm 05 4 NS _ SO iie NT LE ITT TE LTS eT Didoa diino eT TT ea ibia Samia cy sive Sea et Nan ete ee ae ibaa hh chs dan aif Re E ak A a Mk Si i 03 d NS FS EE FT ETT LS TA E ET ye Te
46. s in the top page show how we realized large SN ratios by using an array with a radius of just 30 cm This array realized SN ratios in excess of 10 000 which made it possible to analyze wavelengths larger than 500 times the array radius Reference 6 A6 9 A Knack for Setting Parameters One major feature of the analysis methods adopted in our codes lies in their ability to analyze long wavelengths A knack for setting analysis parameters to make the most of this feature is to make the segment duration as small as possible within the tolerable range that depends on the frequency band of interest you wish to look at This measure is effective to extracting a large number of segments from observed waveforms that are contaminated by non stationary noise and helps to make as narrow as possible the bandwidth of smoothing with a spectral window Spectral windowing can cause biases which becomes a particularly critical problem in the analysis of long wavelength ranges Reference 3 31 7 Warnings Download lt Warnings gt This program is distributed free with source codes Do not give this program to a third party a third party should download it from this Web site We assume no responsibility for any problems arising from the use of this program Consult with us in advance if you wish to use this program for commercial purposes Be sure to make appropriate citations when you publish research achievements benefiting from
47. spac_minus_L d LT ave velh_spac_minus_R d LT ave velh_spac_plus_L d LT ave velh_spac_plus_R d LT ave AmpRV_R d LT ave powratio_R2L d LT ave nsr d LT ave nsrlim_cca d LT ave nsrlim_cca lwapx d LT ave spr_hv d 37
48. ss the return key This plots the R V spectrum amplitude ratio between the horizontal motion and the vertical motion of Rayleigh waves heavy curve mean light curves standard deviation In creating the synthetic data we set the R V spectrum at 0 1 irrespective of the frequency A6 1 The analysis results returned comparable values in a frequency band centered on 1 2 Hz 4 Pressing the return key again takes you to a plot of Sp the power shares of Rayleigh waves in horizontal motion gp is defined as the fraction of the power of Rayleigh waves with the total power of horizontal motion taken as unity Defining g the power share of Love waves in a similar way we have Srtgr 1 5 1852 0 316291 I set 8p 0 8 in the synthetic data A6 1 The analysis results returned comparable values in a frequency band centered on 1 2 Hz 17 5 Pressing the return key again plots the H V spectrum According to calculations the power ratio between the horizontal and vertical components should be equal to 0 0125 The analysis results do in fact return similar values 5 20114 0 000726028 6 Pressing the return key next time brings you to a comparative plot of the R V spectrum of Rayleigh waves and the H V spectrum In this plot the R V spectrum is denoted in terms of power spectral ratios not in terms of amplitude ratios or ellipticities As I said above in 3 the R V equals 0 1 in terms of the a
49. te means and standard deviations using the output from step 4 7 Plot the output from step 6 1 Automatic Selection of Segments script nksegment sh src evalrms F src segment F Segments are selected as follows 1 The following procedure is performed on all components of all sensors Subtract a linear trend from the original waveform data and calculate the RMS let this be called RMS For every portion of the data with a prescribed segment duration into which the original waveform is divided the portions are extracted so that they mutually overlap by half subtract a linear trend and calculate the RMS Normalize the RMS values by RMS let these be called RMS sep 2 Make a histogram of all RMSgeg for all components of all sensors at intervals of 0 1 Identify the interval of the largest frequency in the histogram 3 Pick up data segments in which all RMSseg of all components and all sensors fall into the interval of the largest frequency simultaneously Mark them as the segments good to use and catalog them in the segment file 2 Azimuthal Averaging of Data around the Circle script nkcrcle sh src nkcrcl_ F All methods adopted in this program start with taking weighted azimuthal averages of records around the circumference Weighted azimuthal averaging corresponds to calculating Fourier coefficients in the Fourier series expansion around the circle Our program calculates Fourier coefficients of the zeroth
50. this program If you agree to the above provisions register your e mail address to be used for possible information of bugs and for statistical purposes only via a web site http staff aist go jp ikuo chou bidodl_en html and click OK to proceed to the download screen lt Download gt This archive is common to both Windows and Linux BIDO1 2 tgz Source files executable files synthetic demo data 19 MBytes demo_obsz tgz Sample data for vertical motion worth two arrays at two sites AIST and KSKB 42 MBytes demo_obs3c tgz Sample data for three components worth six arrays at two sites KSKB and KIBA 74 MBytes A7 Citation This program remains unpublished in itself so we would be pleased if you could just state in your publication that you downloaded from the web site http staff aist go jp ikuo chou the analysis software BIDO that is based on our microtremor analysis theory 2 5 Citations regarding specific aspects should be 2 for the general theory 6 for miniature arrays 3 for NS ratios of vertical motion 2 for horizontal to vertical amplitude ratios of Rayleigh waves 1 3 for the CCA method 4 for the HO H1 V and nc CCA methods and 5 for the CCA L R SPAC L R and SPAC L R methods and for Rayleigh to Love power ratios 1 Cho I T Tada and Y Shinozaki 2004 A new method to determine phase velocities of Rayleigh waves from microseisms Geophysics 69 1535 1551 2 Cho I T Tada
51. tion finished but bundled with source codes If you are to rewrite source codes you have to recompile them after installing Cygwin on your PC To compile and install decompress the archive enter the src directory and execute Install_win sh PC Performance Requirement Example The following is an example of the PC performance requirement described for the case of 6 Demo Data processing under this program s development environment On a Windows XP Linux dual boot PC CPU Intel R Pentium R D CPU 3 00 GHz memory 2 GB the CPU time requirement user output of the time command was about 2 min 30 sec on both operation systems g77 compiler used in both and the memory requirement was about 300 MB adjustable by modifying array dimensions by editing PARAM h when compiling source codes However the real time requirement real output of the time command was a little short of 3 min on Linux while it was about 15 min on XP shell processing by MSYS and file I O may possibly account for the time on XP If this difference can be generalized to all cases is difficult to say but this outcome seems to recommend the use of Windows only for trial runs and Linux for massive calculations with the Intel compiler ifort The program itself only occupies about 22 MB of hard disk space both on Windows and Linux but this demo requires nearly 120 MB including the program itself If you set parameters so that all intermediary data are deleted e
52. to the HO method vel_hl d Phase velocities of Rayleigh waves according to the H1 method vel_spac d Phase velocities of Rayleigh waves according to the SPAC method spatial autocorrelation coefficients according to an original definition vel_v d Phase velocities of Rayleigh waves according to the V method velh_cca_minus_L d Phase velocities of Love waves according to the CCA L method velh_cca_minus_R d Phase velocities of Rayleigh waves according to the CCA R method velh_spac_minus_L d Phase velocities of Love waves according to the SPAC L method velh_spac_minus_R d Phase velocities of Rayleigh waves according to the SPAC R method velh_spac_plus_L d Phase velocities of Love waves according to the SPAC L method velh_spac_plus_R d Phase velocities of Rayleigh waves according to the SPAC R method In the above data files the frequency mean of segment specific analysis results and standard deviation are laid out in the first second and third columns respectively In data files with the note averaged logarithmically in parentheses the frequency mean mean minus a standard deviation and mean plus a standard deviation are laid out in the first second third and fourth columns respectively A6 7 Analysis Results folders with alphanumeric names infile estspec d Input data for the estimation of spectral densities logfile estspec d Execution log of the code that estimates spectral densities The following are spectral density estimates
53. u will find S Meadow exe WIN2 pR A La gt co File Edit Options Buffers Tools Help DeB E28 SHhoaexe 116 90619 1 7364730 4 7712809 0 40 600748 13 537028 2 0313038 0 6 0965721 2 4021474 3 6907361 0 105 72248 6 2703868 3 1465809 0 42 428279 2 1187407 9 8228115 0 121 58191 1 8389905 3 2986986 0 23 414278 8 2946100 2 3139989 0 5 1856995 6 4287988 8 9261810 0 16 681659 0 80020040 0 57135700 0 9 9185346 2 22600875 5 1116710 0 65 296643 3 3283329 0 15245592 n 21 PAPAA N 1AQAIRI R RO ATAR The leftmost column shows time whereas the rest stand for the amplitudes of the vertical z EW x and NS y components from left to right When you analyze your own measurement data format them in four columns if they have all three components If there are two horizontal components alone format them in the same way by inserting zeroes or any dummy data in place of the vertical component If you have the vertical component alone let there be just two columns for time and the vertical component there can be four columns as in the case of three component data but there is no need for inserting dummy data This comes about because my measurements were often for the vertical component alone but were never for the horizontal components alone the seismometer setup dictated that measurement of the horizontal components was always accompanied by measurement
54. will take you to the following plot of the analysis results for phase velocities of Rayleigh waves Phase Velocty krs 5 16634 0 0242335 Rayleigh Wave Velocities a wehen cea minus R d u123 t evohvelh_ppae_minus_R d ut23 avat spac ARGC uta It Fain Lah123 aii iti jiin 3 oy iit Res se a Ci TIO TU i gat Tiete Frequency Mz Analysis results from the CCA R SPAC R and SPAC R methods using horizontal motion records and the CCA nc CCA HO H1 and V methods using vertical motion records are plotted simultaneously The Rayleigh wave phase velocities prescribed A6 1 seem to be reproduced in a band of approximately 0 5 2 Hz For reference below is an enlarged view of the comparison up to about 2 Hz between the phase velocities prescribed in creating the synthetic data solid curve and the analysis results The nc CCA method seems to retain analysis capabilities down to the lowest frequency Velocity kras Phase 2 37916 0 351465 i Pi avevelh_spac_minus R d whet Rayleigh Wave Veloctis weralh_cea_minus RA u 123 wool Od u 1 23 5 imita UT 23 B gt heia meee g OF ith a meneh spac plus Ro u23 bw ee nens ay l avevel_cead u 1 23 4 pre marel cca wapx d u 1 23 W t g in x it MEL 05 1 15 Frequency Hz 16 3 Go back to the terminal and pre
55. xcept for the final analysis results and minimal log files you will be asked about the choice on activating the program only less than 50 MB worth of files will be left when the calculations are over including the program itself 5 Program Description and Algorithm e Program Description BIDO win bat A batch file to activate MSYS on Windows Not used on Linux bin Executable files for use on Windows are stored in bin winbin while executable files for use on Linux are stored in bin linbin Executable files for use on MSYS are stored just beneath bin demo Contains demo data used both Windows and Linux etc Contains scripts to activate MSYS Not used on Linux run sh A B shell script to activate the program used both Windows and Linux script Contains B shell scripts to link Fortran codes used both Windows and Linux src Contains Fortran codes used both on Windows and Linux e Algorithm Description of the general flow and individual procedures In parentheses are the file names of relevant B shell scripts and Fortran codes 5 General Flow script circle sh 1 Select portions of the data that are good to use 2 Azimuthally average data around the circle output from step 1 is not used here 3 Estimate spectral densities by using the output from steps 1 and 2 4 Estimate spectral ratios phase velocities NS ratios etc 5 Repeat steps 3 and 4 as many times as there are segment clusters 6 Calcula

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