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1. Other technically respected publications like Byte quad density BASF of course only guarantees them to work double density and they work pretty well in that mode Scotch disks might work all right They had some real problems with quali ty a year or so ago and I quit using them then I understand that they are better now but I haven t tried any of the new ones to verify this Finally As far as the rest of the disks try them for yourself We test double density 5 disks by formatting them in quad densi ty and then copying back and forth nu merous times Then we go back to dou ble density and try to wear them out by using them as masters for many many copies If you find some that work particularly well send in a short letter to the editor we ll pass the word along TOGETHER Control up to 4 AC devices at one time with your Kaypro computer e Without tying up either your RS232 or Centronics Port e 7500v isolation between computer and controlled devices e No moving parts Simple plug in installation to your computer Requires no soldering or cutting in your Kaypro Software examples in Basic and Z80 Assembly Language Easy to create your own specialized programs INCLUDES e Fully assembled and tested printed circuit board e 5 diskette with software examples and documen tation plug in adapter and cable for the Kaypro Il and IV Ask about versions for Kaypro 10 or Kaypro 4
2. 16K TO 64K MONITOR EPROM 4K TO 64K STATIC RAM PROGRAMMABLE BAUD RATE GENERATOR PARALLEL ASCII KEYBOARD INPUT FULL 68000 EXPANSION BUS 60 PIN HEADER BUFFERED 80286 CPU AND HARD DISC INTERFACE PLUG IN CARD AVAILABLE SOON 68000 amp 280 DUAL PROCESSORS BEST OF BOTH WORLDS 256K TO 1 MEGABYTE MEMORY DOUBLE DENSITY FLOPPY DISK CONTROLER 8 OR 5 WD 2793 DMA CONTROLLER FOR FAST IMAGE TRANSFERS TO FROM VIDEO MEMORY INT 8237 2 RS232 SERIAL PORTS ZSIO 24 BIT ADDRESS MANAGEMENT FOR 280 4 LAYER P C B 9 X 14 RUNS CP M 80 AND CP M 68K MANUAL erir Gaar oc vlan swig sens decane nai ues 20 00 COMPLETELY ASSEMBLED CYPHER WITH 256K DRAM BARE BOARD EPROMS Z80 BIO 1 M 128K VIDEO DRAM NEC 7220 REAL TIME CLOCK A D D A 68000 MONITOR AND UES 08000 BOs ee coy ONOR DISC CONTROLLER SERIAL VO 1al 1 499 95 BASIC ASSEMBLED SYSTEM TESTED WITH ateaeet KEYBOARD cseeseseeees 94 95 SERIAL I O 128K DRAM 4K S RAM AND DISK CONTROLLER SWITCHING POWER SUPPLY S 154 95 ghee Eana AASA S do Paden e alae ada tees aia Coste tae 1 099 95 CASE ce sgainn adan 94 95 MOTOROLA E INTEL MOTEL COMPUTERS LIMITED 174 BETTY ANN DRIVE WILLOWDALE TORONTO ONTARIO CANADA M2N 1X6 416 221 2340 ALL PRICES ARE IN U S DOLLARS SHIPPING 8 SHIPPING EXCESS WILL BE REFUNDED DELIVERY WILL BE MADE APPROXIMATELY 3 TO 5 WEEKS AFTER WE RECEIVE YOUR OR
3. Editor s note I received calls and letters supporting both sides of this fence Most people who have had GTEK programmers for a while are really happy with them Perhaps I was just un lucky perhaps their quality has dropped re cently I don t know My mind has re opened slightly Meanwhile my new Southern Computer Corp SCC programmer died it quit burn ing ROMs and I had to send it back for repair gang programmers and I don t seem to get along Their service wasn t quite as fast as GTEK s but the unit programmed ROMs when I got it back Later I discovered that the serial interface didn t work the problem turned out to be a second sourced part that wasn t compatible with the design so it s go ing back a second time Oh well the SCC is still much easier to use much more powerful CRCs and all and it lets me edit data in its memory before burning the ROM the GTEK I had didn t have any memory As for the ad and its placement Issue 19 page 18 I have mixed feelings too I had Alice call them about advertising after I had written the review blast Whether they chose to advertise or not couldn t have changed the article I thought they should advertise in Micro C because I thought they offered the best value in a gang programmer and I felt that you folks should know about it In fact if I had time I d review all products before letting manu facturers advertise in Micro C I agree that the
4. Bringing Up BB II dBase II Look at WordStar Double Sided Drives for BB I Packet Radio 5MHz Mod for KayPro 40 pages ISSUE NO 13 8 83 CP M Disk Directory More 256K for BB I Mini Front Panel Cheap Fast Modem Nevada Cobol Review BB I Printer Interface KayPro Reverse Video Mod 44 pages ISSUE NO 14 10 83 BB II Installation The Perfect Terminal Interface to Electronic Typewriter BB I Video Size Video Jitter Fix Slicer Column starts KayPro Color Graphics Review 48 pages ISSUE NO 15 12 83 Screen Dump Listing Fixing Serial Ports Playing Adventure SBASIC Column Begins Upgrading KayPro II to 4 Upgrading KayPro 4 to 8 48 pages ISSUE NO 16 2 84 Xerox 820 Column Restarts BB I Double Density BB II 5 8 Interface Fix KayPro ZCPR Patch Adding Joystick to Color Graphics Recovering Text from Memory 52 pages ISSUE NO 17 4 84 Voice Synthesizer 820 RAM Disk Kaypro Morse Code Interface 68000 Based System Review Inside CP M 86 56 pages ISSUE NO 18 6 84 Kaypro EPROM Programmer I O Byte A Primer Kaypro Joystick Serial to Parallel Interface Business COBOL 60 pages ISSUE NO 19 8 84 Adding Winchester to BBII 6MHz on the BBI Bulletin Boards Getting It Together Track Buffering on the Slicer 4MHz for the 820 1 64 pages ISSUE NO 20 10 84 HSC 68000 Co Processor DynaDisk for the BBII Serial Printer on BBI Sans SIO Cheap amp Dirty Talker for Kaypro Extended 8
5. CURSOR LEAD IN command lt ESC gt CURSOR POSITIONING COMMAND between row and column CURSOR POSITIONING COMMAND after line and column Column first N OFFSET to add to LINE 20 32 OFFSET to add to COLUMN 20 32 Binary address Y Nothing Nothing CLEAR SCREEN command ctrl Z Does CLEAR SCREEN also HOME cursor Y DELETE LINE command lt ESC gt R INSERT LINE command 0D 1B 45 lt CR gt lt ESC gt E ERASE TO END OF LINE command ctri1 X START HIGHLIGHTING command lt ESC gt C 1 lt Nothing for older Kaypros END HIGHLIGHTING command lt ESC gt B 1 number of line on your screen 24 number of columns on your screen 80 Delay after CURSOR ADDRESS 0 Delay after CLEAR DELETE and INSERT 0 Delay after ERASE TO END OF LINE and HIGHLIGHT On Off 0 Is this definition correct Y I certainly hope so Operating frequency of your microprocessor in MHZ 4 Editing Command Installation If you happen to use WordStar you canignore this section If you are used to some other set up of editing commands then you can save yourself a lot of grief by changing Turbo s editing commands to match the ones of your normal editor To do this select the C gt option on the main menu of TINST and answer the 40 or so questions that follow All these questions are of the same type as the command string questions in the screen installation section and the same rules should be followed for entering them
6. PAGE CMD A86 A text paging program Dis plays 24 lines at a time f PRINT CMD A86 File printing routine Puts a header at the top of each page along with page number and file name MUCHTEXT CMD A86 Counts words and lines in a text file ERQ CMD A86 _ Selective file erase program Displays all selected files and then asks you one at a time for a Y N INUSE CMD A86 Prints In Use on your terminal and asks for a password It will not release the console until you enter the password FINDBAD CMD A867 Finds and collects bad sectors on a disk If there are no bad sectors information on the disk is unaltered Disk 86 2 DU and Modem Programs DU V75 CMD A86 DOC This is the popular disk utility from CP M 80 It lets you read write and modify disk sectors MODEM4 CMD A8 This is a modem program set up for the Slicer This program includes a built in help file MODEM7SL CMD A86 DOC No modem disk would be complete without this standard This is modem set up for the Slicer It displays a menu when it is called Disk 86 3 Small C C86 CMD This is the original Small C compiler l which appeared in Dr Dobbs Journalin 1980 It runs under CPM 86 and generates 8086 source for the ASMB86 assembler C86 COM This is the C86 compiler which runs under CPM 80 This 8080 program produces 8086 assembly language C86LIB A86 This is the C86 1 0 library SMALLC86 DOC Documentation on Small C C77 7 C Source of the C86 c
7. PARAM1 PARAM1 put list PARAM2 PARAM2 end DEM02 CONSOLE2 280 3Z80 mnemonics used PUBLIC CONSOLE2 Program will be reco 3gnised by LINK BDOS EQU 05h CONIN EQU Olh CONOUT EQU 02h PUSH HL Original HL saved LD E HL INC HL Adress of Parameter in LD D HL sregister pair DE EX DE HL exchange registers LD E HL Parameter must be in E LD C CONOUT before calling CP M CALL BDOS console output funct LD C CONIN Read a character using CALL BDOS 3 CP M console input fn POP Original HL restored POP Return adress in BC 3As per PL I parameter LD passing convention PUSH place char on stack LD sand string lenght in j accumulator PUSH Return adress back on top of stack RET Return to calling END 3 procedure Figure 3 Results Of Running DEMOT A gt demol Before calling PARAM1 o After calling PARAM1 End of Execution A gt demo2 Before calling PARAM1 9 After calling PARAM1 PARAM2 9 End of Execution Micro Cornucopia Number 21 December January 1985 PROGRAMMER 4 A LOW COST ALTERNATIVE TO EPROM PROGRAMMING Reads and programs 2716 2732 2764 and 27128 EPROMS Reads 2 16K ROMS Direct connect to any RS232C terminal or computer Plug selectable as either a data set or data terminal All voltages made on board no power supplies needed User supplies power Xformer 25 2 to 30 VAC C T 1 Amp Power electronically switched can t d
8. So the venture guys have got it all wrong It s much more difficult to find President of Borland International 4807 Scotts Valley Dr Scotts Valley CA 95066 products and people who can write products than to find marketing teams The venture guys give no value to the guys who can make something work Look at Osborne for instance They got themselves into real trouble and dumped 25 million Look at Eagle Vic tor VisiCorp and all those guys They were just marketing someone else s product They didn t know how to do their own product Changing Attitudes Anyway now the venture capital peo ple are our friends strangely enough We get letters from underwriters and fellows come and visit us and show us business plans asking if we think they can make it We charge them for that in cluding lunch It s really strange how things have reversed Sorcim was recently sold for 17 mil lion just six months after an English group had purchased it for 24 million The English group lost a lot of money You see they had no product after Su perCalc Chances still are that you will go to the venture capital people with your prod uct and you will waste your time now more than ever They are frightened by all the flubs in hardware and software Making It Without Venture Capital You have to be very creative to make it without venture capital My case was even worse than for most people I had no house for collateral
9. out and placement We use friends who are good graphics people They make more money we lose less money and ev erybody s happy You know what you want so you can do just as well as an agency There are two advertising routes for starting out If there is one magazine you should advertise in it is Byte Their fig ures are true it is really read by 400 000 people world wide When the ad breaks in Byte we can see our response go up like crazy and 10 days later we see the response going down We re in 18 maga zines now Last month AdTrack report ed we were the software company ad vertising the most The reason is that we are mostly direct mail The other magazines that pay to ad vertise in are the special interest group publications like Micro Cornucopia and the Boston Computer Society magazine Readers of these magazines are usually knowledgeable people who recognize a reasonable product at a reasonable price Products We re Looking For Since we work on compilers there are areas that we don t have time to work on or we don t have the right expertise We d love to have a dBASE 4 or a Frame work for 49 95 If we don t do it some one else will We d be happy if someone wanted to do it and work with us We d love to do a big trick on Ashton Tate or Lotus Micro Cornucopia Number 21 December January 1985 DHIBIUTIAIL lynamics KAYPRO OWNERS Now we have something for almost every one of you 4 8
10. tion system this summer using my Big Board as a bed for testing different ana log to digital convertors ADCs I m the designer technician assembler janitor and everything else for a hatchery equip ment company called Egg tronics of course Editor s note probably owned by a very gentle holding company I hate to waste any effort so I ve taken the results of my design research and written this article I ve tried to include enough information on analog to digital conversion so you can come up with something which will work with your own system The circuit and driver provided should work on either the Big Board or the Xerox 820 I since development work in our shop was done on both computers A slight change would no doubt make this work on a Kaypro or any other sys tem with similar port hardware Background Analog to digital conversion as the name suggests is a process of convert ing analog signals from detectors or oth er instruments into the digital 1s and 0s that computers can understand Some examples of things you could monitor include voltage current heat humidity light sound velocity force etc Since ADCs can only convert an electrical signal into its digital equiva lent all inputs must first be converted in to voltages Conversion Speed The time required to convert an analog input to a digital number Faster is better but more expen sive Resolution The number of binary
11. 12 00 ea postage paid Keypro Disk K2 Utitities Write or call for a free catalog also included with each order from MICRO CORNUCOPIA P O Box 223 Bend OR 97709 fz 503 382 8048 e 9 5 PST Monday Friday Micro Cornucopia Number 21 December January 1985 PRICELESS UPGRADES Schematic Packages Finally a complete schematic for your portable Kaypro logically laid out on a single 24 by 36 sheet plus a very complete illustrated Theory of Operation that s keyed to the schematic You ll get detail information on your processor board that s available nowhere else For instance those of you with the 10 and new 84 systems get a thorough rundown on your video section complete with sample video contro programs in assembly language and Pascal Of course all packages contain serial and paraliel port details and programming examples as weil as complete coverage of the processor clock I O and disk controller information that is not even available in Kaypro s own Dealer Service Manual Kaypro Schematic Packages Kaypro ll amp 4 pre 84 ccc cece eee 20 Kaypro 10 pre 84 cccccoe oneness 20 Kaypro 84 series 1 amp 4 cece cece 20 All prices include postage Special Offer Your First Schematic Package if you also order subscription 0 0005 10 Decoder Board With this nifty little plug in board your Pro 8 ROM can access up to f
12. 2 00 VISA MC CHECK or COD 716 377 0369 f OPTRONICS TECHNOLOGY P O BOX 81 PITTSFORD NY 14534 oO Colonial Data SB 80 II The Better Board Gets BETTER Standard Features Include E 4MHz Z80A Processor E 64K Memory Expands to 128K E Supports 8 and 5 drives simultaneously E Auto Density Selection single double quad E 2 Serial Ports 1 Centronics Parallel Port For the past 4 years Colonial Data has been supplying SIZE 12 x 13 thousands of its original SB80 Better Board computers to the POWER 12V 12V 5V O E M market Now the Better Board is even BETTER with the d introduction of the SB80 II More Standard Features at a NEW LOWER PRICE WARRANTY 90 days Parts and Labor E 4MHz Z80A CPU WITH NO WAIT STATES E Z80A PIO PARALLEL PRINTER INTERFACE Enhanced BIOS uses mode 2 interrupts Centronics compatible printer interface is Standard E 64K MEMORY STANDARD EXPAND TO 128K E SASI HARD DISK INTERFACE CIRCUITRY Parity checked RAM utilizes 4164 ON BOARD Up to 8K of EPROM 4K is standard SASI interface provides access to hard disk Accepts Pin compatible EPROMS from 2716 thru 2764 Compatible with XEBEC and other controllers E NUMEROUS FLOPPY DISK STORAGE OPTIONS Just populate with TTL and add connector Uses the advanced NEC765A controller chip E 4 CHANNEL COUNTER TIMER STANDARD Supports 8 and 5 drives simultaneously Allows custom sof
13. 4 1 CBIOS custom bios for Tandon drives 2 ZCPR dynamite CCP checks drive A for missing COM files improved commands 3 ZCPRBLOC identifies CCP location USERS DISK 5 1 CAT disk cataloging routines 2 Modem 7 for Port A 3 Modem 7 for Port B 4 PACMAN the arcade game 5 FAST buffers the disk to speed up assemblies 6 NOLOCK removes BB 1 shift lock 7 VERIFY cleanup amp verify a flaky disk 8 DUMPX enhanced for BB 1 9 UNLOAD create HEX file from COM file USERS DISK 6 1 REZ 8080 Z80 disassembler TDL mnemonics 2 PRINTPRN prints Crowe listings 3 RUNPAC run time utility package for 8080 assem bly language programs Has 51 functions Includes source which assembles under ASM USERS DISK 7 1 CHNGPFM PFM monitor mods 2 TERM terminal routines let you set up BB as simple terminal asa file receiver or as a file sender 3 Checkbook balancing package 4 Disk Utilities copy to memory from memory and dump USERS DISK 8 Tae custom BDSC I O for BB 1 both h and c 2 YAM Yet Another Modem program in source amp COM form Turns BB into paging intelligent terminal complete with printer interface baud rates to 9600 3 ROFF text formatter 4 SIGNS prints large block letters USERS DISK 9 1 ADVENTURE expanded 550 pt version 2 Keyboard translation program 3 CBIOS serial amp parallel printer interface eat programming package for BB II for 2732s only USERS DISK 10 Lots of Disk Utilities 1 REBOOT sets
14. 619 268 0112 Micro Cornucopia Number 21 December January 1985 33 Saving Money on Quad Density Disks By David Thompson Ir you are planning to upgrade to a Kaypro 8 or are just interested in getting the best possible disk for your dollar then you re no doubt interested in locat ing double density DD 5 disks that will work dependably in a quad density QD drive Good Disks vs Bad Disks The difference between disks is pri marily in the way their surfaces are coat ed in the way they are polished burnished and in the way they are test ed Many different manufacturers use the same raw materials Manufacturers can make up for prob lems in manufacturing by rigorous test ing resulting in high rejection rates However when their disks are barely passing double density tests they are not good candidates for quad density service or for long term double density service for that matter Manufacturing Problems It is difficult to manufacture a good quality high density disk The thinner the magnetic coating the better the disk records and keeps data The thinner the coating the less the magnetic flux from one bit is able to spread out and effect an adjoining bit called flux migration However the thinner the coating the greater the chance of having a dropout a spot whether the media is missing or is defective Iron oxide is the material that stores the information but iron oxide is very
15. BLINKING SCREEN GRAPHICS REVERSE SCREEN SCREEN TO PRINTER DUMP JFN Industries new AT 1 VIDEO ATRIBUTE BOARD adds badly needed REVERSE VIDEO REDUCED INTENSITY BLINKING REVERSE SCREEN and SCREEN TO PRINTER DUMP The new GR 1 Graphics Upgrade adds Zenith Z 49 CELL SCREEN GRAPHICS and SCREEN DUMP CHARACTER TRANSLATION Both install in minutes with no component desoldering and are compatible with the Kaypro s existing hardware and software With the AT 1 installed the video control codes are compatible with those of the Kaypro 2 3 and 10 models the popular Televideo 925 terminal and the IBM PC Co Power 88 A patch program is also provided to automatically upgrade the standard software that comes with the Kaypro to use these new attributes The AT 1 comes ready to install complete with connectors programs to upgrade the operating system demo test and configuration programs plus a detailed instruction booklet The AT 1 and GR 1 package is only 179 95 The AT 1 alone is 149 95 and the GR 1 alone only 49 95 California residents add appropriate sales tax Order yours today DEALER INQUIRIES INVITED JEN Industries 361 North Fuller Avenue Los Angeles California 90036 213 939 4105 Micro Cornucopia Number 21 December January 1985 39 The Kaypro Column By Alan Barlow So you ve read the articles in Micro C about adding extra drives and souping up your CPU and now you want to be the first kid on you
16. December January 1985 40 Parts 1 Z80B CPU chip Get a Zilog or Mos tek part Leave the chip in its anti static foam until ready to use 2 A faster Monitor ROM for U47 3 SPDT 3 terminal toggle switch 4 Three terminal connector male and female pair 5 30 gauge wirewrap wire to make the changes under the CPU board 6 20 gauge stranded tinned hookup wire to connect between the CPU board and toggle switch get red white black and green if you plan to add extra drives later These are the colors used in the drive power cable Procedure Unplug your computer from 120 VAC Then decide where you want to mount the toggle switch The back panel is rec ommended because you won t be using it very often Also if you try to shift gears during operation the logic will hang up and you ll have to reset losing everything in memory A convenient place is in a ventilation slot near the re set switch I moved my reset switch up front and mounted my toggle switch in the hole it left Remove 10 screws from the sides and top and remove the cover Unplug the four connectors on the board J1 video J5 power J6 drives and J7 reset switch and LED Be careful not to bend the pins when removing the disk drive ribbon cable Use a large flat tip screwdriver to gently pry up each end of the connector a little at a time On the back panel use a 3 16 socket to remove the mounting bolts from the serial connector
17. GOLD BEACH OREGON 97444 503 247 2021 13 Micro Cornucopia Number 21 December January 1985 Pascal Procedures By John P Jones By the time you read this advertise ments for Borland s Turbo Toolbox should be in the magazines The package consists of three utilities an indexed file system a sort utility and a general installation program GINST COM generates an installation program and the associated files neces sary to customize a Turbo Pascal gener ated COM file to the end user s terminal Without this utility applications written in Turbo would either have to be written for each specific terminal or be distribut ed as source so the user could customize it The Toolbox licensing agreement per mits distribution of the generated instal lation files and even lets you include rel evant sections of the Turbo Pascal manual with your programs without copyright problems The other portions of the package are of more general interest Both the sort and indexed file routines are distributed as source for Inclusion in application programs Turbosort l The sort utility which uses the quick sort algorithm can be used for most sort ing applications Because the routine is written to be general purpose and sorts are extremely dependent on the struc ture of the data the user must write three routines to interface to Turbosort These are forward declared in the sort module and must match these declara
18. If I were building this package for sale I would probably directly access video memory as it is faster and does not re quire the 2K RAM array However us BBII Graphics Package 2 enter graphics mode NO SCROLL BLOCK MODE NORMAL GRAPHICS TEXT enter text mode SCROLL ASCII MODE NORMAL TEXT 10 80 24 CMATRIX SHADOW 11 2 4 CMATRIX BITMAP 13 HEX 0880 0 0 BITMAP 0220 0 2 BITMAP 3 BBII Graphics Package 3 PAGE clear screen and clear shadow array O O SHADOW 24 80 ERASE 26 EMIT XYTRANS x y coloff rowoff col row 4 MOD gt R SWAP 2 MOD gt R SWAP 2R gt ADD DOT coff roff col row dot to crt amp shadow 2DUP SWAP GOTOCR SHADOW ROT ROT BITMAP C OVER C OR DUP 31 EMIT EMIT SWAP C IDOT x y store dot on screen amp shadow 100784 AAH neols nrows create byte matrix CREATE OVER ALLOT DOES gt DUP 2 SWAP ROT ert shadow array character dot bitmap O440 0 1 BITMAP 0110 0 3 BITMAP 1007 84AAH ing a shadow screen gives the package more portability does not require any assembly language programming and does not limit the physical location of the graphics package in memory Follow up There you have it The DOT word is the only primitive you need to start building a full blown graphics package Line drawing algorithms can be found in many articles the graphics primers now appearing in many bookstores give BAS IC routin
19. J4 With a small phillips head screwdriver remove the mounting screws from the parallel connector J2 Two more screws on the back panel se cure the CPU board Two remaining screws secure the board to the long spac ers After removing these two put them back into the spacers to keep them apart from the others Remove the copper shield from the bottom of the CPU board After remov ing the two screws put them back into the brackets to keep them separated Glance at Figure 1 for a review of IC pin numbering Counting always starts at the notch On some ICs a dimple marks pin 1 When you re looking at the component side of the board the pins are numbered counter clockwise from the notch Orientation In the following directions let s as sume you are holding the CPU board in your hands like a book looking at the component side with the keyboard con nector upward Locate the 20MHz crys tal in a silver colored can at the bottom of the board near the center Directly above the crystal is U67 Left of U67 is U66 Right of U67 is U86 Between U67 and U86 and slightly upward are blank outlines for C6 and Q1 Kaypro decided these two components were not neces sary The C6 outline contains two plated through holes The bottom hole nearest the edge of the board makes a conven ient tie point for the switched clock sig nal returning to the board Using your soldering pencil and solder sucker on opposite sides of the
20. QUANTITY ONE PRICES SHOWN MICRO CORNUCOPIA The Single Board Systems Journal Tired of the slowness of BASIC Find that the bugs in FORTRAN are bugging you Step up to FORTH the language P O BOX 223 that gives you total control over your computer UNIFORTH r BEND OREGON 97709 is the only version of FORTH available either captured under i an operating system such as CP M or standalone acting as its own operating system Our standalone versions are customized to your single board computer providing serial and parallel port support a real time clock formatting fast disk copy and disk access up to twice as fast as CP M All systems are FORTH 79 and include a video editor macro assembler debugger decompiler top notch documentation and much more Write for our free brochure or order direct from the special Micro C reader prices listed below UNIFORTH Version System Integer Floating Multi Multi Point Tasking User Big Board 60 100 125 150 Big Board II 80 125 150 200 Slicer 100 150 200 250 Any CPM 80 60 100 Unified Software Systems P O Box 2644 New Carrollton MD 20784 301 552 9590 DEC VAX PDP RT 11 RSX 11 T M Digitalt Equipment Corp CP M TM Digital Research MSDOS TM Microsoft VIC 20 TM Commodore c Gi w y EG s gt Q 9g ON wd E 3 z a re Q y fe 3 OBE o t lze aaaLNvuvno ADVLSOd DONIGUVMAOA
21. to be moved down by one position anda new line to be inserted above it This difference of opinion means that the file and the screen won t necessarily agree To cure this problem you must tell TINST that the command to insert a line is CR ESC E instead of a simple ESC E Since you can t directly type a Micro C Staff CR the way to do it is to reply to TINST s query for an insert line com mand with the following INSERT LINE command 0D 1B 45 CR or 13 27 69 CR Notice the spaces between the num bers When entering numbers for com mands you are allowed a backspace of sorts If you type a wrong digit you can start the current number over again by typing another It doesn t work how ever if you have already typed the ter minating space Also you can t enter a for none after doing this One last thing about entering com mands before we start talking about spe cific questions you can change an exist ing definition by selecting its number and answering Y when asked Do you want to change this definition You are then asked the same questions used when creating a new definition except the old answer to every question is dis played If you just type CR the answer is left unchanged If you want to change it type in the new command as de scribed before If a command isn t sup ported by your terminal type a mi nus sign and the answ
22. 10 Echo Disks w Box SSDD 20 00 box 10 Echo Disks w Box o DSDD 24 00 box a7 ae SPECIAL SALEM PO 100 GENERIC DISKS DSDD 150 00 100 w sleeves INFOCOM ADVENTURE GAMES Kaypro format ZORK I ZORK Il or ZORK It ee 45 00 ea STAR CROSS ee 45 00 ca SEASTALKER ene ages 9 amp up i 45 00 e ea DEADLINE 55 00 ea e SUSPENDED _ Cs C amp GHHSOD ca WITNESS 55 00 a PLANETFALL _ 55 00 ea MicroSphere Inc _ POBox 1221 ane L Bend Oregon 97709 me 503 388 1194 ee a 9 5 Pacific Time Dealer inquiries invited z Kaypro is a Tegistered trademark f the Kaypro Corporation KAMAS An Outline Processor Review By Jack Rodenhi I have long been intrigued with the slightly mystical appearance of mind amplification ads so at SOG III I attend ed the KAMAS lecture After hearing a straightforward talk by Adam Trent and his associate Anne Hickman I offered to doa review on KAMAS for Micro C KAMAS Programming Language One cannot review the KAMAS pro gram without first discussing the KA MAS programming language A fully developed application devel opment environment the KAMAS lan guage has some interesting variable types several good control structures and runs interpreted code quickly But it is complex A detailed review of this language would require a whole series of articles Compusophic Systems developers of KAMAS publish a newsletter that goes i
23. 100 folks might make interesting compatriots RIP More Magazines Microsystems isn t the only publica tion to byte the dust this month It s just the most significant to me Microcom puting and PC Jr have also gotten thumbs down from their corporate fa thers and everyone keeps saying we ve only seen the tip of the iceberg I won t miss Microcomputing a Wayne Green mag or PC Jr another Ziff Davis piece Newsstand sales have dropped very significantly this year with some news stands dropping computer pubs alto gether I understand that even Byte s newsstand sales have dropped by 20 percent since spring We started nosing around to see if one of the regular distributors would be in terested in distributing Micro C but it doesn t look promising A few computer stores are carrying Micro C and we have gotten reports that some of them have sign up sheets so anxious customers can be guaranteed a copy You d think they might subscribe wouldn t you For large magazines even a slight drop in circulation is very important be cause large circulation woos advertisers and magazines count on advertising rev enue for their survival Most of the sub scription money gets hijacked by their subscription services Anyway things are fine as long as those big magazines are growing but if circulation declines advertisers start dropping out and those that stay insist on paying less So the exponential growth
24. 1985 Single Board Computer Chassis amp Power Supply e Assembled and Tested e Heawy Duty Alli Metal Cabinet Fan amp Dust Filter Hefty 5 12 24 Regulated Supply Runs drives amp computer board e Accepts 2 ea 8 Floppy Drives Half of Full e 2 ea DB25 4 ea Centronics 4 ea 50 pin cutout on back e Front panel reset switch e Power Harness for Drives and Board e Flexible Board Mounting Line Fuse Fitter Line Cord Power Switch e Cabinet amp Power Supply Available Separatety 2 F4 D Write or call for our brochure which includes our application note Making micros better than any o box computer 1 Piece 9 E 2901 SBC Chassis amp Power Supply m I F ey N N D cal tor guany pricing RESEARCH CORPORATION Disk Drives not included 8620 Roosevelt Ave Visalia CA 93294 209 654 1203 We accept BankAmericard Visa and MasterCard kd AMPRO Litte Board MAIN FRAME e Assembled amp Tested e Heavy Duty All Metal Cabinet e Fan amp Dust Filter e Hefty 5 amp 12 Regulated Supply Runs Floppy Drives amp Computer Boards e Accepts 5 Drives Full or Half e 2 ea DB25 1 ea Centronics Connector Cutouts Front Panel Reset amp Power Switch e Power Harness From Supply to Drives amp Board Line Fuse EMI Filter Detachable Line Cord O amp Drive Data Cables Available Separately Cabinet amp Power Supply Available Separately AMPRO amp Litte Board are TM AMPRO co
25. 40H OUT ADATA A STROBE HIGH CALL ADCIN1 CP OFFH JP NZ ADCIN2 LD A B ADD A 08H TRY NEXT SCALE LD B A AND 38H JP Z ADCIN2 CHECK FOR OUT OF RANGE LD JP ADCIN3 ADCIN2 POP HL RECOVER POINTER LD HL A STORE LSB LD A B RRA RRA RRA l AND 07H RECOVER MSB INC HL LD HL A STORE MSB RET ADCIN1 LD A LSTRDY OR A JP Z ADCIN1 WAIT FOR INTERRUPT LD A O LD LSTRDY A RESET READY FLAG IN A BODATA GET DATA RET INTERRUPT HANDLER SETS READY FLAG INTR LD A OFFH LD LSTRDY A EI RETI DATA STORAGE LSTRDY DB 0 DEPHASE a ADCEND END End of Listing TY Micro Cornucopia Number 21 December January 1985 E Z PROMMER EPROM PROGRAMMER FOR THE BIG BOARD AND XEROX 820 FEATURES e Supports 2716 2732 2732A 2764 27128 27256 e Easily installed with only two connections e No external supply needed all power derived from 5 Volts e All power controlled by software e Extensive MENU driven soft ware to Read Program Save Load Verify CRC check Dump Erase check complete with source code e Over one year of troublefree use EZPROMMER A amp T w Harness Disk 125 Kit with Disk APL CHARACTER GENERATOR FOR XEROX 820 II Upgrade kit allows the 820 II to display all the standard charac ters and attributes while permit ting the display of all APL char acters Kit includes ROM and software APL UPGRADE KIT 49 95 NY RES ADD LOCAL TAX POSTAGE AND HANDLING
26. 8 package would I still be able toaddan8 drive without having to kludge things together keep in mind that I ma relative beginner Clifford H Taylor 1700 Leslie Ave Las Vegas NV 89101 Editor s note Dana s been doing a lot of work on the new versions of the PRO 8 package First there is the PRO 8 disk which gives you the utili ties you need when you add up to two addi tional 5 drives to the system Plus we are working on another version that will allow you to add 8 drives It will be compatible with the 8 upgrade Dear Editor I would like to complement you on the Kaypro schematic which you are mar keting This week my Kaypro II failed at work It had two problems First I couldn t read data from the B drive and second my printer was losing characters and sometimes whole words My dealer found a bad logic board on the B drive That cost me 135 When I tried the Kaypro out at home the print problem still existed It was too late in the day to return it to the store so I took it to work with me the next day to see what I could find out I felt that this print problem might be software rather than hardware After exhaustively testing the soft ware I decided it was a hardware prob lem Since I had access to test equipment and the dealer charged 60 an hour for labor I took a stab at doing my own re pairs The minute I took the top off had five helpers all technicians with the dre
27. COM and SYSGEN COM was written by Balcones Computer during 1981 and 1013 W 210th St Torrance CA 90502 1982 The monitor code started with ver sion 4 00 and is now up to 4 04 For only 6k of code it is packed with features Upon startup a RAM test and ROM CRC test are performed followed by the high memory monitor portion move from ROM to F000 FEFF The upper monitor entry at FC55H in v4 01 checks for the type of disk controller and if flop py the type of disk drives this informa tion is used to configure the disk I O drivers The monitor in the II offers 18 com mands as shown in table 1 out of which three or four are truly useful Unlike the I monitor which loads itself into high memory never to return the II makes extensive use of the ROMs during nor mal execution All of the 18 commands are located in ROM and overlayed into memory at FC55H again before execu tion In contrast all of the user CALLa ble monitor routines are present in high memory with the exception of the video driver It remains in ROM and is called directly This approach saves space since only the command being executed needs to be moved into memory Although most of the command routines were location independent only JRs and CALLs to fixed routines from F000 FC54 some of them are self modifying so they have to run in RAM Of course the overlay area can be used for disk I O after system boot See Figure 1 for
28. First we got two rooms above an auto repair shop Next we needed to adver tise and we knew that Byte Magazine was the place we had to be Unfortunate ly we knew that Byte would insist on having its money up front for the first ad and we didn t have 9 000 We weren t even close So we set a trap We took a flip chart and we started writing Personal Com puting full page Business Week double spread Byte crossed out We lined up the whole thing with several layers like it had been done over many days We got some friends in I was an swering the phones at the time and scrounged up some banquet tables my desk was a banquet table We bought some pictures and framed them made up letters from big companies that we laid around we really set the trap So Bill McCaffey the Byte rep ar rived My flip chart was open to the right page and I tried to keep him from see ing it I even acted embarrassed that it was open We had also planned that the girl who was playing the secretary would tell me I had a call from Japan So I had to leave the room to take the phone We had a little hole drilled in the wall so I got to watch him really look over that flip chart He was really staring at it He couldn t believe it Bill now laughs about it When I came back into the room Bill said OK you really have to advertise in Byte We ll make a special effort and give you credit I said I don
29. I turned it on and PFM signed on my wife thought I had been electrocuted from all the jumping and hollering that went on To make a long letter longer I d like to say it s all been fun and to thank you fora good magazine and thanks to the many suppliers that advertise in it They have all been prompt and their products ex cellent I have three Kaypro II s at work and have ordered disks and ROM s for them from Micro C Being at a government agency I have been amazed at the speed in which you have delivered the items I hope you have received payment at least in a reasonable time Many companies will not accept a government purchase order at all Now stop laughing and get my sub scription renewed Stuart Eason 3 Cotswold Rd Benton AR 72015 Editor s note The tears weren t from laughing they really weren t Dear Editor Your magazine is full of ecstatic re ports from people who apply power to their BB II and two seconds later hear the bleep which means all is okay Let the record show it is not always so fast I first applied power to my BB II on 19 Dec 1983 but the two seconds ended 24 Feb 1984 Only a fraction of those two seconds were used fixing solid errors solder is quicker that the eye One short took a bit longer It meas ured 0 ohms pin to pin on the IC s but disappeared as soon as I turned the board over to check it It came back again only under power Eventually this probl
30. Is For Ta ta possible That s it for now Next issue Bert Berlin will show us how to make our If you re a C language Reviewers everywhere have printers do spiffy things with a few sim programmer whose patience is praised BDS C for its elegant wearing thin who wants to spend operation and optimal use of B o andhe pony function your valuable time programming CP M resources Above all BDS C po AON F AOL BELLO WEES instead of twiddling your thumbs has been hailed for it s remarkable waiting for slow compilers who speed EEE just wants to work fast then it s time you programmed with the Nea both the BDS C Compiler language and the implementation BDS C is designed for by BDS very highly CP M 80 and provides users with Tim Pugh Jr quick clean software in Infoworld development with emphasis on systems programming BDS C Performance Excellent features include Documentation Excellent East of Use Excellent InfoWorld Software Report Card Ultra fast compilation linkage and execution that produce directly executable 8080 Z80 CP M command files A comprehensive debugger that traces program execution and interactively displays both local and external variables by name and proper type Dynamic overlays that allow for run BYTE Magazine placed BDS ie ad of programs too C ahead of all other 8080 Z80 C arge tOIE INLO MEMON compilers tested for fastest A 120 function library written in both
31. M has yet to see the light of day Although it is running Earl and the others at Slicer want to make cer tain it is running correctly before they ship it now that s an interesting policy Maybe some other firms should try it CCP M was almost finished but Earl had to spend some time working with Slicer s new model description coming up so CCP M got to wait fora while CCP M will sell for approximately 200 250 and be available only from Slicer I took a quick look through the other magazine and the lowest price I could find for CCP M on the IBM was 225 Slicer s version can also be recon figured for a different number of physi cal and virtual consoles while the IBM version is locked into a configuration of one physical and four virtual consoles The Slicer implementation will not yet have CCP M s PCDOS emulation mode though MSDOS They ve finally done it Slicer Com puters is now offering MSDOS for the Slicer it should be in this issue s Slicer ad This really opens up a lot of new pos sibilities for the Slicer since there are quite a few software publishers notably Microsoft that do not offer a CP M 86 version of their 16 bit packages Even Digital Research has some products that they only offer in MSDOS format Now for example you can get a Fortran com piler that will run on the Slicer Ihave not yet received my copy of MS DOS so I cannot even tell you which version it is I m
32. MODEL IIA 2 380K DSDD DRIVES MODEL IIB 2 7780K DsaD DRIVES MODEL IIC 10 Meg H Disk w 380K Floppy MODEL IID 10 Meg H Disk w 780K Floppy 895 00 995 00 1895 00 1995 00 SB80 II Board Only Wired and Tested 298 00 SB80 II SYSTEM OPTIONS All Models Additional 2 Serial Ports installed Additional 64K Memory installed CP M 2 2 Operating System w Manual CP M 3 0 Operating System w Manual Models IIA and IIB only SASI Interface Option installed XEBEC Hard Disk Controller PRICE 60 00 60 00 75 00 275 00 35 00 290 00 Colonial Data Cabinet Kits Build Your Own Systems MODEL CKPI1 Metal Cabinet will accept Single Boards up to 12 x16 complete with fan RFI filter with power switch front panel and mounting for two 5 half height floppies Pre punched for 4 DB25 and 1 50 pin In cludes 60 watt power supply 225 00 with 12V 5V MODEL CKP2 Same as Mode CKP1 but in cludes 90 Watt Power Supp y to power half height Winchester 5 4 hard disk and single 5 half height floppy 425 00 MODEL CKX Cabinet only with fan RFI filter power switch prepunched con nector holes No Power Supply 139 00 HOW TO ORDER Call or Write Colonial Data Orders paid with bank card or cashiers check are shipped within 3 working days Allow 3 weeks for Personal Checks Shipping Add 2 up to a maximum of 20 00 for UPS Brown shipping within the United States w
33. Micro Cornucopia Number 21 December January 1985 x17 D PICK YOUR SYSTEM CHOOSE YOUR OPTIONS The Original Better Board SB80 from Colonial Data has just gotten BETTER YET More on board features like SASI interface circuitry 4 Channel Counter Timer Memory Expansion to 128K and MORE All made to run the most popular programs under the CP M Operating System Z80 ZILOG CP M DIGITAL RESEARCH Calif Shugart 514 Disk Drives i J Z MODEL 455 DSDD Floppy Over 380K Capacity 195 00 2 For 370 00 MODEL 465 DSQD Floppy Over 780K Capacity 225 00 2 For 430 00 Colonial Data Services Corp 80 Pickett District Road New Milford Conn 06776 Telephone 203 355 3178 Communication Between High Level And Assembly Language By Christian Phaneuf How many times have you wished you could write complex assembly lan guage programs as easily as you write programs in C Pascal or PL I After all you need the control or speed of assem bly language but writing floating point or even fixed point routines in assem bly language is a royal pain Perhaps instead you should be writ ing in a high level language and then where necessary calling assembly lan guage subroutines This article includes two simple PL I 80 programs each with an assembly lan guage subroutine Both programs pass an ASCII character to a subroutine which outputs the character to the con s
34. RAM disk software package to run with the 820 256K for the Bigboard 1 and the 820 Provides a 192K RAM disk for lightning speed operation Can be run with almost any BIOS with the exception of the SWP double density distribution BIOS Source code is included l BARE BOARD amp DOCUMENTATION eesesssoresonesenesenerresserrrecreereseresecrorererererrer KITWO RAM oreinen ose ere a hans a e Re AEE BRE aa E A T E T TE one 6 ae Cees ERAR Assembled and tested 820 256K 4 Mhz partS sssssosesessossssssessosesorsssosersscteseseo PDQC disk cache and spooler Software 0 ccc cee cece eee cence enna eee neces ee essen eeenes New monitor ROM source amp XDRIVE Software 0 ccc ccc ccc cence cence eee cnet essen eanees 64K DRAM good al 4 M Z sacha rider eine eek batee BAe wea Reins eae beanie ease madame see eee eee 820 1 modified monitor ROM yse7 co case te se inde bee seed oseG eGuide eee selnw Ge ea esas e hae Kaw ena we eens Bigboard 1 modified monitor ROM 0 ccc ccc cee ccc ence e ene e tance nc ee cena sent eeneseneseenes See TERMS Master Card VISA add 3 money order cer FERGUSON ENGINEERING tified check UPS cash COD Allow 817 640 0207 mza 2 weeks for personal or company P O BOX 300085 ARLINGTON TEXAS 76010 COES TO Cear Supping handling _ extra Texas order add 5 tax LEAP INTO A NEW DIMENSION I 5 PROMPT DELIVERY SAME DAY SHIPPING USUALLY 8087 3 Co Processors 149 97 D
35. SYSTEMS MODEL 2000 4 MHz Z80 A COMPUTER WITH HARD DISK INTERFACE AND UP TO A MEGABYTE OF RAM PROCESSOR A Z80 A cpu running at 4 MHz with no added wait states and supporting mode 2 interrupts Sockets are included for the optional DMA controller and a 9511 or 9512 arithmetic co processor MEMORY Up to 1 megabyte of main memory may be plugged in to give the Z80 A phenomenal performance 4 banks of 64K or 256K rams Bank selecting is in 16K segments so that there is no wasted memory Any 16K segment may be placed into any one or more of the four 16K banks that the Z80 directly ad dresses A 65th segment contains the 4K video ram and 8K 2764 eprom Any 16K segment may be write protected DISK DRIVE INTERFACE The floppy disk controller is a WD 2797 and will run four 5 25 or 8 drives single or double sided single or double density and up to 255 tracks per side The HARD DISK port is designed to accept a Western Digital hard disk controller VIDEO A high quality 80 x 24 character display is produced by an SMC 5037 and 8002A video chip set using 7 x 9 dot character in a 9 x 12 field Video attri butes include reverse blink blank underline and strike thru Two graphics modes are supported and may be displayed along with text The final output is composite video for easy connection to most monitors KEYBOARD PORT l An interrupt driven serial port for the keyboard provides a true type ahead buffer and allows for a simple
36. Single Density 72 pages Esssetesasz ON 27 95 US Can Mex 37 95 Other foreign This is one of the best books on CP M It covers the whole spectrum of users from novice to guru There are a few books that include more programming examples but none work better for the whole range of users and this book is perfect for reference use Micro C s copy of Inside CP M is showing definite signs of overuse MICRO CORNUCOPIA P O Box 223 Bend Oregon 97709 Micro Cornucopia Number 21 December January 1985 _ FERGUSON ENGINEERING Get CP M power with PDQCache without much cash PDQC ache and the 820 256K RAM card are now linked to provide a dramatic difference in system throughput PDQC is a disk buffering applications program designed especially for the Xerox 820 1 and the Bigboard 1 with the 820 256K RAM card With PDQC disk intensive operations execute MUCH FASTER up to 20X faster than single density 5 up to 10X faster than single density 8 and up to 5X faster than double density 8 1024 x 9 PDQC significantly reduces delays associated with rotational latency head load disk turn on and seek time PDQC enhances the life expectancy of your disks and your drives as well as decreasing the frequency of disk errors A synopsis of PDQC features e easy to install e built in printer spooler e fully compatible with the newest version SWP double density e functions are transpa
37. Solyo Heights Drive Felton CA 95018 THE ULTIMATE SOFTWEARISIN ORDER YOUR MICRO C T SHIRT TODAY These user friendly tan shirts j are formatted in mahogany border MICRO CORNUCOPIA with black enhanced mode design CO The fully integrated system is com f patible to size S M L and XL for only 6 95 ppd 8 50 all foreign MICRO CORNUCOPIA P O Box 223 Bend Oregon 97709 Micro Cornucopia Number 21 December January 1985 you ll be C ing Clearly with our cheap c source code 15 00 gets you a disk full of c code and com files from your favorite column C ing Clearly graphics sorting software tools and more send 15 plus 5 postage amp handling to tony ozrelic p o box 5246 bend or 97708 please specify kaypro Il or 8 amp sssd format with apologies to e e cummings C ing Clearly By Tony Ozrelic Philippe Kahn father of Turbo Pas cal is quoted in the October 1984 issue of Dr Dobbs Journal as saying C is a dis ease He goes on to say that in Europe C is seen as an American disease and here people are trying to spread it That s a pretty strong statement and I wonder how C ing Clearly readers react to it To me such words as disease are nonsensical this is a programming lan guage not herpes But then I don t have a Computer Science background oh you didn t notice I came into software by necessity so I could
38. UNIFORM BY MICRO SOLUTIONS TO ACCESS OVER 70 OTHER DISK FORMATS XPRO ROM SET BY MICRO CORNUCOPIA COMES WITH ROMS CUSTOM BIOS INSTALLATION PROGRAMS DISK FORMATTER AND MANUAL RUNS 63K CPM FOR BIGGER AVAILABLE TPA USES PARALLEL KEYBOARD AND FAST VIDEO CENTRONICS AND SERIAL PRINTER SOFTWARE INCLUDED SELECTABLE WITH IOBYTE 98 SOFTWARE COMPATIBLE WITH THE KAYPRO INCLUDES FIRMWARE MONITOR FOR DIRECT MEMORY AND PORT ACCESS BOOTS FROM 5 1 4 OR 8 DISKS FORMATS READS AND WRITES KAYPRO IlI 191K SSDD 48 TPI 5 1 4 KAYPRO 4 390K DSDD 48 TPI 5 1 4 KAYPRO 8 784K DSQD 96 TPI 5 1 4 8 SSSD IBM 3740 STANDARD 241K 8 SSDD BB Il 596K 8 DSDD 1 212M XEROX 820 1 SSSD 5 1 4 W RONLY AUTOMATICALLY DETECTS DISK FORMATS TRUE DOUBLE SIDED OPERATION SYSGEN amp SOURCE FOR CBIOS INCLUDED X120 DOUBLE DENSITY CONTROLLER BOARD DESIGNED FOR USE WITH THE XEROX 820 1 CAN BE USED ON THE BBI USING THE WD2791 DISK CONTROLLER CHIP RUNS ANY COMBINATION OF 5 1 4 AND 8 DRIVES BOTH AT THE SAME TIME CAN USE ANY SHUGART COMPATIBLE DRIVE 50 AND 34 PIN SHUGART TYPE DRIVE INTERFACE CONNECTORS ON THE X120 BOARD en CAN USE DRIVE CONNECTOR ON MAIN BOARD DRIVE SELECT LINES DECODED FOR FOUR DRIVES COMPOSITE VIDEO ADAPTOR ON X120 PLUGS INTO 1771 U109 AND U117 ON THE XEROX BOARD WITH SIMPLE MODIFICATIONS UNIFORM BY MICRO SOLUTIONS UNI
39. We expect to ship between 300 000 and 400 000 copies in the first year At 49 95 it s a cheap product that fits the whole IBM market The most important question is Do I have the right product to make it Don t let people tell you that venture capital is the crucial factor Quality It s not enough to be adequate I had a long controversy with Adam Osborne who is currently starting a company called Paperback Software International He wants to do what we are doing sell low cost software But he contends in Hypergrowth that software only needs to be adequate and the rest is a market ing game I think software better be damned good if you want to sell it If you are us ing software you ll be using it every day year after year I ve been using WordStar since 1979 so it s a reliable pro gram It was a good product then and it s still a good product which explains why there are a million copies out there Lo tus is an excellent product It s the fastest spreadsheet around but it s successful primarily because the product is really good In fact the more you advertise a bad product the sooner people find out that it is bad and stop buying it That is what happened to JRT It was a good price the product was OK but they just weren t shipping People stopped buying be cause the word spread that they didn t ship Marketing We are marketing Turbo in an unusual way mostly mail order
40. a fortune It didn t exist Sol chose a standard 3 125 25 CFM axi al style 115 VAC fan in a 4 X 4 X 2 aluminum box chassis mounted outside of the MD11 on the rear panel over the fan opening The fan and the chassis are both available in most good electronic Thousands of CPM86 MS DOS amp PC Applications will run e MS DOS amp CPM disk files can be co resident on the sames device including harddisk e Can be used as 768K of high speed CPM80 RAM Disk amp Proprietory I O Bus e Delivered with Logics and Sources Optional 12 month warrantee e Full money back guarantee that it will function on your Z80 system A Quarterly Newsletter PRICES START AT A LOW 495 00 For additional information about this revolutionary product or our Motoroal 68000 Co Processor contact your favorite dealer send 1 no checks please or call Hallock Systems Company Inc 262 East Main Street Frankfort New York 13340 315 895 7426 RESELLER AND OEM INQUIRIES INVITED 56 Micro Cornucopia Number 21 December January 1985 f must be at least 4 in two dimensions to allow room inside for the switch power cord and fan Ona 4 X 4 X 2 box such as an LMB 143 the air intake and outlet are not centered but are offset to allow for prop er mounting of internal parts and for mounting on the MD11 The air intake is cut for the fan mounting and the air out let from the chassis box is cut
41. a high speed Electronic Disk x Dual Density 1 or 2 sided Floppy Disk Controller WD2797 8 or 5 simultaneously supports 3 drives for 4 MB s of DATA x Hard Disk Interface ST506 or Priam CP M 3 0 System 512K Bank Micro Cornucopia Number 21 December January 1985 Configurable as 8 Banks of 64K oras CPIM 2 2 System 512K RAM Disk 430K MPM 2 1 System 384K auto boot for console 16 users Turbodos 1 3 128K see Microsystem Aug 84 Total price for above systems 1099 includes operating system and board Hard disk 20 megabyte package for all systems above All this on a multi layer card with accurate documentation Bare Board with documentation amp Firmware PAL 200 Users Manual 25 Wave soldered assembled board without IC s 375 MEGACO 2248 S Park Street Madison WI 53713 608 255 7400 Six Serial Ports with hand shaking 48 Additional Ports on I O expander BUS Math Chip 9511 or 9512 CTC amp DMA x Two Parallel Ports Z80B Runs at 4 or 5 MHZ ROMS CPMIMPM and Turbodos 77 ADVERTISER S INDEX Adevco INC 2 6 isinen Andratech Arkon Engineering Artisoft Astrotronics BD Software BV Engineering Barnes Research Biegun amp ASSOC es ee eeeee 60 Borland International Busch Computers Cal Tex Computers Cascade Electronics The Codeworks Colonial Data Compusophic Systems DG Syste
42. a system up at 5 MHz now which has never failed to boot from PFM in two 2716s Simply drive the BT ESEESE NS I TRS a I a EE Micro Cornucopia Number 21 December January 1985 76 Z80 WAIT line from a 74121 or L121 one shot as shown in the following figure Since the intent of the WAIT line is to allow the Z80 to wait on slow I O de vices this scheme works well By using Rint and a capacitor value around 120 Pf approximately 200 NS can be added to the ROM access time For the purists in the crowd the slower access time is only critical for the execu tion of the first 10H bytes since only they incur the faster instruction fetch cycle times on ROM access Subsequent ROM accesses are at the slower fetch cycle times and probably would do fine with out the wait states The scheme below requires only one trace cut and the addition of three wires _ plus Cext 5V and ground There is room on the BBI between U85 and U88 to locate the one shot socket I glued mine on a stand off to the component side of Fast Boot Scheme Z80 3 RCES 3 RCE the board and drilled a small hole near it of the package cause minor difficulties when installing the oscillator in a BB I Oscillator Placement 29 MHz BEND OUT PIN 8 lt 1 BEND OUT PIN 5 A JUMPER 3 GA KYNAR OSCILLATOR PINOUT PINI N C PIN 7 GROUND PIN 8 28 MHz OUTPUT PIN I4 5V JAMECO P N OSC 29 606 The Mega Super THE B
43. and a 16 pin socket and make your own Procedure l Unplug your computer from 120 VAC Decide how you want to configure your drives I made my Mitsi s A and B and my remaining original Tandon C This gives me room for all of my most used programs on A lots of data storage on B and C for backup With A and B the same type I can use fast COPY pro grams However I can no longer use my original version of UNIFORM which was written for a single sided 48 TPI drive in B A number of folks used Kay pro 4 drives in A and B and quad density drives in C and D so they can continue to run everything Remove the CPU board Pretty soon you ll be able to do this in your sleep Remove the ribbon cable from the drives Unplug the power cable from the drives On the Tandons it ll be as tight as a barnacle on a rock Grab the connec tor by its little ears and rock it down ward Remove the socket head screws Pull the drives out the front On the bottom of the computer re move the four screws that secure the drive mounting bracket Note that the bracket goes in only one way keep this in mind when you measure and drill the new mounting holes If there is a possi bility of running four drives in the fu ture you may as well drill all the holes now I had to notch my front diagonal brace to get one of the screws to fit See Figure 2 for mounting hole pat tern The Mitsi drives seem to be a hair wide
44. board open the hole Runa 4 20 gauge stranded wire from this hole to the center pin of the female in line connector From the center pin of the male section run a 12 wire of the same color to the common terminal of the toggle switch usually the center ter minal Temporarily remove U86 from its socket use a small flat head screwdriv er at one end and carefully pry it out With your needle nose pliers bend pins 4 and 5 outward just enough so they won t go into the socket when you replace the chip We re talking about the bottom row of pins 4th and 5th from the left end viewed from the component si de right These are the 2 5MHz and 5MHz clock signals Solder 4 wires to these two pins and run them to the two outside terminals of the female connector Now run two 12 wires from the male connector to the two remaining terminals of the toggle switch NOTE These are the only two IC pins which you will have to bend out or sol der to All other wiring can be done quite neatly and out of sight on the foil side Turn the board over and look at the foil side The keyboard connector is still up ward as before The disk drive ribbon cable connector J6 is now on your left Hints When you cut a trace use your exacto knife and make two cuts a fraction of an inch apart Scrape away the foil in be tween If you accidentally cut the wrong trace don t try to drop a blob of solder between the broken ends I
45. can be of benefit to members without modems all TBKUG User Disk volumes and other public domain software available by mail A very in formative monthly newsletter with NO ADS fea turing articles on modifying your Kaypro and many offers from distributors for group discount pur chases TAMPA BAY KAYPRO USER S GROUP 14 CYPRESS DRIVE PALM HARBOR FL 33563 One year membership with password ID for accessing both RCP M systems 300 1200 baud 25 00 BIG BOARD XEROX 820 S 16 8 REAL TIME CLOCK MICROCRON is assembled adjusted and comes with extensive software collection time stamp files printouts dBASEII 69 EPROM PRO GRAMMER EZPROMMER is by far the best value for versatility and convenience A amp T 125 DRIVE CONTROL UNIT Xerox chose our design for their 820 s We have a version for the 820 that doesn t re quire soldering from 29 95 to 65 WORDSTAR ENHANCEMENT SPEEDSCREEN speeds up screen access and allows bright dim with blinking cursor for the 820 II version 29 820 1 SUPER MONITOR Prom set enhances standard monitor with terminal mode soft boot clock features rich at 29 95 Call or write for details and product support VISA MC OPTRONICS TECHNOLOGY PO BOX 81 Pittsford NY 14534 716 377 0369 SAVE MONEY on new microcomputer gear Get Schultz s List the bimonthly report of best current prices We search for the great deals you get top equipment cheaply Why waste more money Con cisely covers t
46. character from the CRT memory so that you can OR in a second BLOCK MODE set graphics mode set graphics attribute set normal ascii attribute turn off seroll function turn on scroll function col row move cursor 14 27 EMIT 61 EMIT 32 EMIT 32 EMIT 14 Q wa 2 100784 AAH GRAPHICS CMATRIX WOONAMN LWNH 12 15 DECIMAL gt n Q XYTRANS ADD DOT OW ON AU SW h comb 38 dot and re output the character There are several solutions to the problem You could bankswitch and di rectly access the video RAM requiring a routine resident in the upper 32K of RAM so it is not also switched out Sec ond you could keep a 1 line buffer in memory set all bits in that line and then output the entire line at once This meth od requires some fancy footwork and prohibits real time plotting of acquired A D data etc The solution I chose was a generaliza tion of the second method A 24x80 byte array is kept in RAM exactly duplicating shadowing the CRT display Each time you EMIT a character you also store it in SHADOW When you need to OR a bit you fetch the shadow byte OR the bit EMIT and store it back Did I invent shadow screening Heavens no It is a common trick in track buffering schemes for disk controllers and is even found in RAM EEROM chips Shadow screening works quite well in this graphics applica tion but at the cost of 2K bytes
47. computer and insert the pins of the un cut socket into the original Z80 socket on the computer That ought to work Also in the SBASIC Column some one mentioned that SBASIC has no EOF indicator It does Just test for ASCII character 26 control Z I would like to know anyone knows how I can configure modify any version of BYE to work with my 4 84 with the internal modem Bill Tuck Rt 1 Box 222 Alberta VA 23821 DSDD SSDD Compatibility Here is a useful tip when installing a DSDD drive along with a SSDD drive After installing a Pro 8 ROM package I placed the double sided drive in the A position Then I placed a single sided disk with sysgen in A to boot the system With a format2 and sysgen in B I then tried to format and sysgen a new disk in A to double sided Not realizing that one cannot boot in one format and then for mat in another all my attempts to boot A in DSDD failed Finally the light dawned Initially the double sided drive must be in position B Format the first double sided disk in B TECHNICAL TIPS then move the DSDD drive to A boot in double sided and then format and sysgen Moral In drive A boot up in whatever format you intend to work with in that drive Only one drawback remains there is a 15 second pause when using both single and double sided disks PIP lets you copy either way with no problem but other programs like Wash 14 will sit and think about it for almost 15 sec
48. copy of the Zilog and Standard Microsystems Corpora tion data books The BBII uses a CRT8002 Video Dis play Attributes Controller VDAC to provide the actual dot data to the 6845 CRT controller The CRT8002 has 4 modes of operation an internal 7x11 dot character generator for the 128 ASCII characters wide or block graphics thin line graphics and external input for an off chip character generator I m going to be using block graphics for this application This mode divides each character cell into a 2x4 matrix as signing each pixel to an input bit A diagram of this assignment is shown be low b7 b3 TERON b6 b2 t eb GR nee Wan cp AED a ee Gs Shee aks i b5 b1 SF gee SR aoe OR CR ey a ee E b4 bo Note that block graphics gives you a 160x96 dot resolution quite adequate for most situations For all you non BBII owners block mode graphics are not unique to the 8002 The TRS 80 and oth er computers and printers also use block graphics And this particular graphics package should be usable for other sys tems besides the BBII Study The Hardware Interface We now know not only how the CRT8002 works but also how it is incor porated into the computer This means looking at the schematics and reading the BBII documentation to find port ad dresses supported functions etc The CRT8002 uses two normal sources of data input a RAM array of ASCII codes to display and a RAM
49. created since the last BACKUP Also supplied is a 2k DIR pro gram which can be toggled to display time date information and LBR directo ries The complete package including doc umentation which describes all aspects of each QDOS call is available for only 40 00 Send a current address label from Micro C and get a 5 00 discount Speci fy disk format when you contact MicroCode Consulting 1013 W 210th Torrance CA 90502 D start addr end addr F lt start addr gt lt end addr gt lt value gt G lt addr gt HL DE BC registers H channel I lt port addr gt X lt start addr gt lt end addr gt O lt port addr gt lt value gt P lt Xon Xoff gt status mask status value B lt baud rate code gt channel T baud rate code R lt disk drive gt lt track gt lt sector gt lt addr gt V lt start addr gt lt end addr gt lt dest addr gt W lt disk drive gt lt track gt lt sector gt lt addr gt NOTE Parameters within lt gt are necessary parameters within are optional All parameters and values are assumed to be hexadecimal a SENT a rl Micro Cornucopia Number 21 December January 1985 21 DOUBLE SIDED DOUBLE DENSITY FOR YOUR XEROX 820 1 NOW YOU CAN HAVE DOUBLE SIDED DOUBLE DENSITY FOR YOUR XEROX 820 1 OR BIG BOARD I AND RUN BOTH 8 AND 5 1 4 DISK DRIVES AT THE SAME TIME OUR STANDARD DISK FORMATS ARE COMPATIBLE WITH THE KAYPRO XEROX AND BIG BOARD Il WITH THE OPTION OF RUNNING
50. f C and assembly language with full object code execution with all so rce code available speed up options in use In addition BDS C s speed of Plus compilation was almost twice as e A thorough easy to read 181 page fast as its closet competitor user s manual complete with benchmark for this test was the tutorials hints error messages and Sieve of Eratosthenes an easy to use index it s the erfect manual for the beginner and a seasoned roles nal Don t waste another minute on An attractive selection of sample a slow language processor Order programs including MODEM your BDS C Compiler today compatible telecommunications CP M system utilities games and Complete Package two 8 SSDD disks more 181 page manual 150 A nationwide BDS C User s Group Free shipping on prepaid orders inside 10 membership fee application USA included with package that offers a VISA MC COD s rush orders accepted newsletter BDS C updates and Call for information on other disk access to public domain C utilities formats ESO ware f BD Software Inc BDS C is designed for use with CP M 80 P O Box 2368 operating systems version 2 2 or higher It is not currently available for CP M 86 or MS Cambridge MA 02238 DOS 617 576 3828 a superior buy Van Court Hare in Lifelines The Software Magazine BMON Software In Circuit Emulator Links your CP Mcomputer with any Z8
51. i END OF LISTING Micro Cornucopia Number 21 December January 1985 53 NEW LOWER PRICES NEW LOWER PRICES BIG BOARD II 4 MHz Z80 A SINGLE BOARD COMPUTER WITH SASI HARD DISK INTERFACE 545 ASSEMBLED amp TESTED Jim Ferguson the designer of the Big Board distributed by Digital Research Computers has produced a stunning new computer that Cal Tex Computers has been shipping for a year Called Big Board II it has the following features E 4 MHz Z80 A CPU and Peripheral Chips The new Ferguson computer runs at 4 MHz Its Monitor code is lean uses Mode 2 interrupts and makes good use of the Z80 A DMA chip E 64K Dynamic RAM 4K Static CRT RAM 24K E E PROM or Static RAM Big Board II has three memory banks The first memory bank has eight 4164 DRAMs that provide 60K of user space and 4K of monitor space The second memory bank has two 2Kx8 SRAMs for the memory mapped CRT display and space for six 2732As 2Kx8 static RAMs or pin compatible EEPROMS The third memory bank is for RAM or ROM added to the board via the STD bus Whether bought as a bare board or assembled and tested it comes with a 2732 EPROM containing Russell Smith s superb Monitor Multiple Density Controller for SS DS Floppy Disks The new Cal Tex single board computer has a multiple density disk controller It can use 1793 or 8877 controller chips since it generates the side signal with TTL parts The board has two con
52. in revenue can somer sault into an exponential death curve No Culture I m beginning to wonder if the demise of computer magazines and a recent de cline in computer sales may be due to something no one has dealt with It s possible that the general public is just getting tired of technical this and techni cal that What they really want is some culture _ So I took a close look to see if there were any way we could add some cul ture to Micro C I know that we are too technical to appeal to everyone who buys a computer but with a little culture we would appeal to many of those who refuse to buy a computer How many computer magazines have even considered the needs of this audi ence Of course a number of computer mags are doing their best to disinterest those who have already bought comput ers but that is a different task jects the BBII and Anyway I started nosing around to see if we could come up with some cul ture that would fit in Micro C In the process I found out that Culture is often dry and dull Culture usually wears three piece suits Culture sometimes lives in petri dishes or on old bread Cul ture is very old Culture is hard to under stand Culture has no obvious value However I have also noticed that cul ture can be quite humorous but only ac cidentally of course So I m making a commitment to cul ture There is a Culture Corner in this issue and I see it as an off again on a
53. increase to 800 micro seconds If this is too slow use an ADC with increased resolution IC2 CA4051 Eight channel analog MUX used to provide 8 analog input channels to the ADC Each channelis se lected the same way that reference volt 05 REM INIT SETS UP THE PORTS INPT INPUTS DATA 10 INIT amp HFA80 20 INPT amp HFAAB 25 REM 30 CALL INIT 40 CHANZ 0 50 AS CHANY 55 REM 60 CALL INPT A FIRST SET UP PORTS RESET CHANNEL COUNTER GET DATA FOR CHANNEL NUMBER A 65 REM PRINT IT WITH SEPERATION SPACES 70 PRINT AZ 75 REM DO IT AGAIN WITH THE NEXT CHANNEL i 80 CHANZ CHANJ 1 85 REM 90 IF CHAN 8 THEN GOTO 200 100 GOTO 50 200 PRINT 205 Z 0 206 REM 210 FOR I 1 TO 300 220 Z 2 1 230 NEXT I 240 GOTO 30 250 END UNTIL THE 8TH THEN GO TO NEXT LINE DELAY WAIT FOR A WHILE EN EEEE EES S A E S E E S N A S S E a E TE Micro Cornucopia Number 21 December January 1985 4 ages are passed through IC1 If you only need a single channel leave out IC2 Each input channel is tied high through a pull up resistor for noise re duction Be sure to include these since CMOS ICs get strange when their inputs float IC3 LM336 2 5V This is a precision voltage reference so don t use a Zener diode a resistive voltage divider two chipmunks in series or any other substi tute The accuracy of this reference de termines the accuracy of the whole cir cuit 1C4 ADC0804 An 8 bit ADC The an alog inputs a
54. made approximately 3 to 5 weeks after we Digital Research Computers receive your order VISA MC cash accepted We will accept COD s witha OF TEXAS 75 deposit Balance UPS COD Add 4 00 shipping P O BOX 461565 GARLAND TEXAS 75046 214 225 2309 USA AND CANADA ONLY LITTLE BOARD AMPRO Z80 ZILOG CP M DIGITAL RESEARCH CA 6 MEGAHERTZ Z80B CPU No Wait States 5 75 x 8 mounts directly to Minifloppy 5 Volts only 1 4 Amps On Board Advanced Floppy Disc Controller Controls four 5 25 or 3 amp four 8 or 1 6 Megabyte Minifloppy Drives Compatible with Kaypro Il Format for Software Exchange 2K Eprom Debugger Monitor Examine and change Memory I O Ports CPU Registers Set Breakpoint Control Disk Selection 64K 150 NS DRAM Expandable SASI Bus Controls 10 Meg Winchester Expansion Bus Z80 Terms Plus Additional Signals 2 RS232 Ports 150 Baud to 153 6K Baud Software Selectible Standard Centronics Parallel Port Disk I O Buffers Timed for Flushing with Real Time Clock Clock Counts Available to Programmer CP M V2 2 BIOS Sources Available 50 includes ROM Bootstrap amp Automatic Disk Selection l In Stock 495 CP M add 70 Visa M C COD SERVO 8 Piggy Back Expansion Board Available HIGH PERFORMANCE 128K RAM Two Serial Ports Real Time Clock Calendar with SINGLE BOARD COMPUTER Battery Backup 384 N wan TE SERVO COMPUTER CORPORATION 360B N ELLENSBURG ST BOX 566
55. make the hard ware work and so I see programming languages as tools rather than religions Geta hold of the DDJ article and send me a letter L Is For Letters Speaking of letters I am finally begin ning to get some feedback from you folks most of which has to do with get ting small c to do something useful my heart bleeds for you Eric Sosman has figured out a way to compile small c pro grams faster you take out the comments in the ASM files included with your C _code Also he found that_CALL ASM indents each line with eight spaces in stead of a tab making the file quite large After stripping comments and replacing eight spaces with tabs the compiles got two minutes faster and the ASM file was 20K smaller to boot Eric s comment stripping program is shown in Fig 1 he wrote it in MBASIC Ok now who s gonna send me a C ver sion The first one to send one in gets a Micro C T shirt 100 INPUT Input file F 110 OPEN I 1 F 120 INPUT Output file F 130 OPEN 0 2 F 140 IF EOF 1 THEN 240 150 LINE INPUT 1 L 160 I INSTR L 170 IF I lt 0 THEN I LEN L 1 180 I I 1 190 IF I lt 0 THEN 140 200 IF MID L I 1 THEN 180 210 IF MID L 1 1 CHR 9 THEN 180 220 PRINT 2 LEFT L I 230 GOTO 140 240 END H Is For Help Scott Rich of 1640 E 1140 N Logan Utah 84321 is confused He is working with the Manx Aztec C compiler and if
56. members of the staff That was a prob lem I lined up a couple guys one had a Japanese restaurant in Cupertino and the other was a former telephone sales man for Campbell s Soup in Mexico It s absolutely true I was the engineer We put together this 20 page business plan but it still looked a little thin so we told the printer to double space so it would weigh more In spite of our skimpy business plan same venture guys interviewed us I remember one A Venture I met one of the investors of VisiCorp Arthur Rot ina restaurant in Palo Alto I was completely broke so I was hoping he would pick up the tab My trick was to say Oh I forgot my wallet with my credit cards I had to do that because those venture guys expected you to pay the bill Don t hope to get anything out of the venture guys especially not a meal You re there because you need the money so they expect you to pay Anyway he asked me How do you intend to do what VisiCorp is doing I said I hope I won t do what they are doing because they are in trouble But of course he didn t understand What Venture People Want A venture guy has a problem he doesn t know about software hardware or anything He is a business person He doesn t even own the money he invests He manages a venture capital pool of 100 million dollars and he needs to find ways to invest it The people who put their money into the pool
57. memory After display touching the RETURN will leave the contents alone and ad vance the address does the same ex cept backs up the address any hex value entered replaces the current value and typing a quote accepts the next char ASCII value as the location s new value Any other key exits OUTPUT PORT Same is input port except writing to it Note that the Refer ence documentation errs here the scroll register reads its data from the normal data lines NOT the high address lines PRINTER PROTOCOL Xon Xoff is a flag 1 enabled 0 disabled Status mask is mask to read register 0 of the printer SIO B Status value is value af ter masking to see if printer is available for output not busy Next to useless unless you change printers as often as you change disks SET BAUD RATE Sets the baud rate on channel B unless channel is A codes include 05 300 baud 07 1200 baud and OE 9600 baud Codes are sent to port 0 for channel A or port 0C for chan nel B All values are in Hex TYPEWRITER Worthless READ SECTOR Disk drive is 0 through F corresponding to drives A through P Reads one physical sector re gardless of size VERIFY MEMORY Gives a display of all locations that do not match WRITE SECTOR The first time you execute this after turn on or cold boot just type W This will give youa nifty cop yright message from Balcones The next time and thereafter the write com mand wil
58. monitor com mands BOOT SYSTEM This can be accom plished by A or L or LA for loading the system from drive A To boot drive B type LB etc COPY MEMORY Copies memory block at start address to end address to destination address DISPLAY COMMANDS Gives a quickie help menu DISPLAY MEMORY Dumps memory in standard DDT format from start ad dress to end address Just like DDT the start and end values are optional and successive segments can be dumped by just typing D FILL MEMORY Same as DDT start address end address and value all re quired GOTO Calls subroutine at address up to three values can follow the address Micro Cornucopia Number 21 December January 1985 20 which are loaded into HL DE and BCin order Any registers not set contain non sense values HOST TERMINAL Dumb terminal that stores screen lines into memory These can be accessed by scrolling with the CTRL up down arrow keys Other commands include Toggle local echo CTRL DEL Toggle local line feed CTRL LINE FEED Toggle remote echo CTRL 1 keypad Transmit break CTRL keypad Break will end when any char is pressed Abort CTRL ESC INPUT Display value of input port After display press SPACE BAR to dis play same port again RETURN to dis play the next port or to display the previous port Any other key exits MEMORY TEST Extended memory test with 256 possible patterns MODIFY MEMORY Modify
59. of commands whatever you hate to type over and over again Change or make up new definitions any time Even while running a favorite program like WordStar or dBASE II Unlike other keys there s no limit on definition length Plus our advanced XShift feature lets individual keys have up to 16 meanings XtraKey can also talk to your printer or video display Change from pica to elite while working on a spreadsheet Address an envelope while in a document Or call up your own custom help or menu screens almost like having windows There s more Built in screen dump keypad redefinition clear screen printer on off definition chaining program chaining input pause and batch processing All in one neat little package that uses less memory AND disk space than the leading program Now for 39 95 aren t you ready for real key power to available CP M TPA XtraKey Custom versions for Kaypro all models amp Gnat 10 only XtraKey will run on CP M 2 2 based computers To order send check or money order for 39 95 49 95 for XtraKey Custom for Kaypro or Gnat 10 plus 3 00 shipping U S amp Canada California residents MUST also add 6 sales tax Specify make and model of computer and disk format VISA and MasterCard accepted CP M dBASE II WordStar and Kaypro are trademarks of Digital Research Ashton Tate Micropro and Kaypro respectively Xpert Software 8865 Polland Avenue e San Diego CA 92123
60. of familiar productivity tools with dynamic new ones O Outline Processing lets you organize your ideas in a familiar outline form O Information Retrieval keeps your thoughts at your fingertips with astonishing speed O Word Processing fills out the structure of your ideas with text O Telecommunications lets you set up a structured electronic bulletin board CL Programming Environment lets you get under the hood and extend your horizons It all adds up to awesome Knowledge Processing power Your chance to join the next wave of the integrated software revolution Available for CP M Z80 systems Special introductory offer 147 Send now for your free copy of The KAMAS Report Sa SY SYSTEMS COMPUSOPHIC Dept 112 2525 SW 224th Ave Aloha Oregon 97006 503 649 3765 KAMAS is a trademark of Compusophic Systems CP M is a registered trademark of Digital Research Inc Z80 is a regis tered trademark of Zilog Inc Micro Cornucopia Number 21 December January 1985 47 FORTHwords By Arne A Henden EDN magazine is one of those engi neer s freebies that I recommend get ting About once a month EDN publish es a feature article on some aspect of microcomputers such as floppy disk drives laser printers etc The July 26 1984 issue covered pointing devices joysticks mouses etc I thought it was a very succinct review and I learned a lot about what pointer I want in my next computer Back At Th
61. program to do PC layout on a hi res vid eo graphics interface It has a mouse and soon a plotter for I O To make debug ging faster I split the program into three parts the graphics I O GIO which handles drawing lines fetching coordi nates from the mouse and driving the plotter the graphics package GP which did windowing transformations and scaling and the actual drafting package which did the menus and han dled the database management neces sary to add delete redraw lines and move from component side to solder side Once I had the GIO running I made it intoa library Then I got the GP working which went quickly because I didn t have to re compile the GIO every time I made a change I just linked the GP with the GIO library After the GP was done I could concentrate on the actual drafting package I had a bunch of func tions to open and close windows scale objects send text to windows etc Real neat stuff Needless to say during the development process I decided that some of the library functions could be ex continued next page at ee ee Micro Cornucopia Number 21 December January 1985 24 CP M 80 C Programmers S ti panded gee wouldn t it be nice if I dve i me could just A quick trip to the source ihe ibra anda Guick vecompileand with the BDS C Compiler Compile link was back on the air again and execute faster than you ever thought i I T
62. s column in Byte you know his opinions about software prices and piracy I agree with most of what he says and would like to add a few thoughts In order to be successful a software house has to have at least four factors working in its favor First there must be a large market This means that the Figure 1 Pascal Input Data Test Function type charset set of char function get_char allowed var ch char begin repeat read kbd ch until ch in allowed get_char ch end select select charset get_char A tat tz get_char N tyt tnt product must have general appeal and run ona lot of machines Next the prod uct has to be good Poorly written bug gy software has little chance for suc cess Third the program has to be marketed at a reasonable price The best word processor ever written for microcomput ers would sell poorly at 1000 a shot What is a reasonable price That of course depends on the product Any software of direct utility ina business ap plication will command a higher price than something like a game since the business can expect to profit from using the product Finally the software publisher has to be able to fill orders There are many cases in this young industry of companies with good products that have failed be cause they have been unable to keep up with demand As the number of small computers ex pands the price of software shou
63. states an analog voltage range can be re duced to For example if an 8 bit ADC is used there are 256 different binary num bers that it can output 00 to FF Hex If the desired input range is 0 to 2 55 volts the voltage per step would be 2 55V 255 steps zero doesn t count here or 0 01 volt per step The more bits you have the smaller the steps will be Accuracy A measure of how closely the calculated binary output of the ADC matches the voltage input Usually measured as some fraction of the least significant bit LSB SACs And DSICs l There are two major families of ADCs the successive approximation convertor SAC and the dual slope inte gration convertor DSIC each suited to different applications When speed is important the choice is the SAC which can complete a conversion in 100 micro seconds In contrast the DSIC requires 100 milli seconds which is 1000 times longer The SAC is sensitive to noise re quiring good bypassing and board lay out In contrast the DSIC is virtually im mune to noise If you need a lot of steps increased resolution the DSIC is best because it can give you up to 4 1 2 digits 19999 steps resolution The SAC is lim ited to 12 bits 4096 steps Both types of convertors are in the same price range I used the ADC0804 SAC from Nation al Semiconductor It has a conversion time of 100 micro seconds and 8 bit 256 step resolution ADCs differ in the available accuracy a
64. subroutine tampering with the main program s data As shown in Figure 2 assembly lan guage subroutine CONSOLE2 is de clared with both entry and return at tributes This double declaration tells the compiler that instead of the general pa rameter passing protocol used in DEMO1 the alternate method will be used Here PL I 80 stipulates that the subroutine must place data on top of the stack and the length of the data must be P O Box 1107 972 Guillaume Boisset Cap Rouge Quebec Canada G1Y 3E4 left in the accumulator before control is returned to the calling program Note in the execution of DEMO2 that the varia ble PARAM1 has not been altered by CONSOLE2 The type of data to be returned will de termine which method you use For in stance fixed binary numbers with preci sion 1 7 are returned in the accumulator while precision 8 15 are returned in HL Bit string data is returned the same way but fixed decimal data is returned on the stack as a 16 decimal digit value in nine s complement form 8 bytes are used No matter which method you use pa rameter passing can be an easy way to have the advantages of high level lan guage productivity and low level lan guage control and speed in the same program Figure 1 Returning Data Via Globals DEMO1 procedure options main declare CONSOLE1 PARAM1 entry character 1 character 1 PARAMI t put skip list Before calling put list PA
65. the variable PARAM1 is the actual parame ter that will be passed PARAM1 must be of the same data type character 1 as that declared in the entry procedure Thus an ASCII string of length 1 the remember will be passed to CON SOLE1 PL I Details PL I 80 passes parameters to a sub routine by leaving the address of a point er in register pair HL The pointer con tains the real address of the first parameter If several parameters are passed they must occupy successive memory locations The number of parameters and length of each parameter must be determined implicitly by agreement between the calling program and the called subrou tine Sound complicated Well if you can understand the man who saw the man who saw the bear you should have no problem with this Returning Data To PL I Since the locations of the passed varia bles are known CONSOLE1 can alter the contents of these locations thereby returning data to the calling program Figure 1 demonstrates this CONSOLE first prints the then CONIN is used to read a character from the console Finally the subroutine plac es the new character into the memory lo cation called PARAM1 by PL I and re turns control to the calling program Figure 3 shows the results of running DEMO1 An alternate method used to return data to the calling program is very use ful for simple routines when there is no entry variable or when you don t want the
66. tions INP is called once by Turbosort and it must acquire successive data items INP then calls SORTRELEASE in the sort module for each item OUTP which is also called only once must call SORTRE TURN to retrieve the sorted data items for output The function SORTEOS is provided to let OUTP know when all rec ords have been accessed Since the user writes these routines the data can be from any source Though it s most likely that you d in put from a file and output to another file you might also for instance input from the keyboard and output toa file The third user provided routine which is called repeatedly by turbosort is the boolean function LESS It is in this routine that you determine sort order ascending or descending and whether your program will check single or multi ple fields LESS receives two parame ters X and Y which are the addresses of the variables to be compared The rou tine must declare two variables of the type being sorted on top of the actual variables in memory by declaring them absolute at locations X and Y var variable1 data_type absolute x variable2 data_type absolute y Turbosort can be used to sort data files that are too large to fit into memory since it can automatically set up tempo rary disk files as virtual memory I tested the sort routines by generating a file of 1000 records each 82 bytes long with a 20 character random sort field I sorted various parts o
67. to see in Micro C the doers in this crazy industry So we encourage you to share your trials and tribulations That way we can invent new wheels rather than redoing the old ones over and over What kind of exciting adventure misadventure are you working on sad PEET dates noe SUBSCRIPTION 1 year 6 issues O 16 Bulk oO 22 o 30 ONew O Renewal O 22 1st Class Air Mail Air Mail USERS DISKS 8 SSSD CP M s s s BACK ISSUES T SHIRT specify S M L XL 6 95 8 50 8 50 OTHER ITEMS FREE KAYPRO CATALOG Prices include media package 1st Class postage Air Mail for Other Foreign O Check or money order enclosed Make checks payable to TOTAL US funds only payable on a US bank MICRO CORNUCOPIA ENCLOSED Card No O Visa O MasterCard Signature NAME gt PHOEO ADDRESS CITY LU STATE ZIP MICRO CORNUCOPIA P O Box 223 Bend Oregon e 97709 503 382 8048 BACK ISSUES 3 00 each US CAN MEX ISSUE NO 1 8 81 Power Supply RAM Protection Video Wiggle Y PFM PRN 16 pages ISSUE NO 2 10 81 Parallel Print Driver Drive Motor Control Shugart Jumpers Program Storage Above PFM Y PFM PRN 16 pages ISSUE NO 3 12 81 4 MHz Mods Configuring Modem 7 Safer Formatter Reverse Video Cursor FORTHwotrds begins 16 pages ISSUE NO 4 2 82 Keyboard Translation More 4 MHz Mods Modems Lync and SIOs Und
68. will lose information If you are sampling each input as rap Figure 2 A To D Controller Schematic 5V a 7 Ici CA 4951 VouT PIOAS PIO A4 PIO A3 i PIO A6 87 B6 85 B4 B3 B2 BI 8g BST8 SENSOR N Q FINISHED X CONNECT 7 lt CONV 4 CONV S fe AFTER 19K I TURN V REF 2 Vec Td Vin STARTS DATA IS READ 2 4K PULL UPS TO ALL 8 INPUTS idly as possible leave the values as they are If you are sampling each channel ata slower rate try increasing either R or Cif you have a noise problem Connect input sensors with either shielded or twisted pair wire If the sen sor is high impedance additional input filtering may be required Sometimes this problem can be reduced by the choice of sensors For example if meas uring temperature two sensor choices are 1 A thermistor high impedance 2 An LM335 low impedance The proper choice is the LM335 continued next page E E NAN a E a i e D a A A a a Micro Cornucopia Number 21 December January 1985 5 ANALOG TO DIGITAL INTERFACE continued Software I ve provided an example driver for my ADC card and a simple program in BASIC to print out the value of the 8 in puts on the console at periodic intervals The driver must be loaded first since it resides in high memory After loading the driver load BASIC or the language of your choice and program away If you develop a good application for my ADC c
69. 0 based computer or controller that you may develop All that is needed is BMON 12K of ROM Space and a handshakeable bi directable O port either RS232 or Parallel Features Full program development debugger with Breakpoints Snaps Stops amp Waits Single Step program execution Download file from CP M system to development Ram Upload Memory from development RAM to CP M disk Two versions Master BMON runs in your CP M system Slave BMON runs in your target system Note Requires Microsoft s M80 amp L80 assembler amp linker to setup Slave BMON 8 SSSD Disk containing Master BMON Slave BMON CONSOL BMONIO CONSOLIO and Users Shipped Via prepaid UPS No COD or P O Box Check or Money Order to Barnes Research amp Development 750 W Ventura St Altadena CA 91101 818 794 1244 CP M is a trademark of Digital Research Inc M80 amp L80 are trademarks of Microsoft Inc Micro Cornucopia Number 21 December January 1985 25 Low Intensity BBI Video By John P Jones Thave been using the SWP dual den sity disk system for some time and both the hardware and software work ex tremely well One of the functions added in the software is the ability to set reset the attribute bit in the video memory When I began using Borland s Turbo Pascal which has built in support for re duced intensity video I decided to alter the BBI hardware to provide high low intens
70. 04 Port B is set to read the binary data output from the ADC Port B s strobe is also used as the end of conversion interrupt out of the ADC Connect the following jumpers on JB3 on the Big Board J11 on the Xerox 3 4 9 10 and 17 18 wo We we we wo we we we we we WO wo This routine requires M80 to assemble 280 ADATA EQU 8 AOCNTRL EQU 9 BODATA EQU 10 BOCNTRL EQU 11 MODOO EQU OFH MODO1 EQU 4FH MODO3 EQU OCFH AOINTR EQU 1CH BOINTR EQU 1EH ITOCTL EQU 87H LOAD EQU OFA80H BDOS EQU 5 ASEG ORG 100H LD DE LOAD Load the program above the monitor LD HL ADC LD BC ADCEND ADC 1 LDIR RET Return to CPM ADC PHASE LOAD FIRST SET UP INTERRUPT HANDLER SETUP LD HL INTR LD OFF1CH HL LD OFF1EH HL LD A 0 LD LSTRDY A SET LIST READY FLAG THEN SET UP PORTS LD A MODOO OUT AOCNTRL A LD A 0 OUT AOCNTRL A LD A 07 OUT AOCNTRL A SET A TO OUTPUT MODE 3 LD A MODO1 OUT BOCNTRL A LD A BOINTR OUT BOCNTRL A LD A ITOCTL OUT BOCNTRL A SET B TO INPUT MODE 1 Micro Cornucopia Number 21 December January 1985 LD A 40H OUT ADATA A SET STROBE HIGH RET SUBROUTINE TO INPUT DATA FROM ADC CHANNEL NUMBER IS POINTED TO BY HL NUMBER IS RETURNED TO MEMORY POINTED TO BY HL AND HL 1 MSB IN HL 1 ADCIN LD A HL GET CHANNEL NUMBER PUSH HL SAVE POINTER FOR LATER STORAGE AND 07H LD B A ADCIN3 OUT ADATA A OUTPUT CHANNEL NUMBER STROBE LOW OR
71. 10 days A R O No Fault Power By Al Paarmann Editor s note This project involves the use of po tentially lethal voltages We do not recommend that you attempt to assem ble this project if you do not have prior electrical electronic experience After two power losses while using Perfect Writer I designed a non portable battery backup for use with my Kaypro II After all a little time spent up front can save a lot of time trying to recon struct files later Controller Circuit The DPDT center off switch stays in the off position when nothing is run ning When it is set in the up position the 120 V relay is activated The relay has a long lock up path through the upper normally open con tact normally closed pushbutton the lower normally open contact and the 4 7K resistor With the switch moved to the bottom position 1 The relay is holding on this lock up circuit 2 The DC to AC inverter is turned on Any loss of powerline voltage will drop the relay permanently and switch over to inverter power When it s time to shut down I put the switch in center position and break the lock up with the normally closed push button The circuit breakers shown are regular house wiring types The lamps show where the power is coming from amber for backup green for wall pow er Battery Charger Next I built a small battery charger fig 2 for the 12V battery a discount store special I set the battery ins
72. 1270 00 Tandon 100 4 295 00 Tandon 848 2 375 00 CALL TOLL FREE 1 800 543 WREN except in Ohio 513 931 7160 880 Reynard Cincinnati Ohio 45231 235 a WADE I Universal Interface Expander EPROM PROGRAMMER interfaces to the BBI XEROX 820 paralle port Requires 9v 3A te v A imentace cable Use the WADE I U I E for Intelligent Communications Printer Buffer Parallel driven RAM disk System multiplexer P S to S P converter AND as a BIG BOARD or XEROX 820 PORT EXPANDER Software and schematic Bareboard and schematic 5 Software and bareboard oie we 60 Software and kit less ZIFs Sy ps Software and full kit p gt Programmer A T gt S H Big Board II software and source uses BB Ii sockets for programming Program Verify Load and check for Erased Intel Eproms 2716 2732 A 2764 27128 T I Eproms 2516 2532 2564 Xicor EEprom 2816A Uses 16k bytes of system memory as a buffer allowing you to work with up to 8 2716 EPROMs at the same time Upload and Download Intel Hex Files Edit the data in the 16k byte memory buffer Define your own addresses for the memory buffer Complete screen error messages Software source included Menu driven Interfaces with most Z80 CP M systems SPECIFY 8 SSSD OR KAYPRO 5 SSDD KAYPRO INTERFACE USES PADS ON P C B Utility Disk 1 includes PEG Universal Object File Translator Formats supported 8 and 16 bit Intel hex BHL
73. 18 x 24 set of six very legible STD BUS connector for BBII Crydom 312 solid state relay 120 VAC 2 A 0 voit switch Complete 820 1 Documentation package 820 1 CBIOS source ROM monitor source and 5 25 or 8 formatter all in source code M80 compatible 8 SSSD 820 1 dual drive disk cable for two 5 25 drives w power conn 820 1 dual drive disk cable kit for eight inch drives Composite video adapter kit for 820 1 produces true RS 170 campatible video Serial console monitor program for the 820 1 gives your 820 1 the PFM style serial console M80 source 8 SSSD 820 1 power connector w pins 820 1 BIGBOARD 1 ASCII keyboard w cable NEW BIGBOARD 1 11 dual drive 8 disk cable 17 long Assembled and tested Xerox 820 1 computer boards Bigboard dual 8 drive cable Bigboard serial I O cable AMP 8 drive AC connector w pins AMP 8 drive DC power connector w pins AMP 5 25 drive DC power connector w pins CP M Primer Xerox CP M handbook IMPROVED UNINTERRUPTABLE POWER SUPPLY ws s200 919500 5V 8 5 AMPS 12V 7 5 AMPS 12V 5 AMP TWO 24 VOLT OUTPUTS 1 5 AMPS EACH 2A PEAK This supply is designed to power entire computer systems with Winchester and floppy disk subsystems When the AC power fails power can be maintained by a single 24V battery The switchover time from AC to battery is zero power is never interrupted 24V 4 5 AH Panasonic LCR series battery H
74. 21 December January 1985 NEW LOWER PRICES Cooling A Hot Computer By Kenneth J Grymala In Issue 19 of Micro C David Thomp son discusses problems with the Mor row MD11 In that article he says MD11s are becoming famous for going to lunch before noon reportedly due to the very critical timing between the TTL parts and the Z80 during data transfers He also discusses power supply prob lems in the MD11 and I suspect these same problems are showing up in the Morrow MD16 and MD34 Heat The Real Culprit I believe the problems are due to over heating Excessive heat causes equip ment to start acting strangely go into a tighter and tighter tailspin and finally crash My MD11 began showing these classic symptoms when its internal tem perature exceeded 140 F degrees Because of the heat the clocks and timing circuits changed frequency ca pacitors regulators rectifiers and ICs began dying of heat exhaustion The power supply might fail repeated ly but the real culprit is probably heat Obviously this problem is not exclusive to the MD11 The following discussion is applicable to any system which is having heat problems As a designer of equipment for the government military and industry I am all too familiar with the problems caused by heat In government terms the MTBF Mean Time Between Failures takes a real nose dive as temperature ris es Power supplies oscillators timing clocks and P
75. 4 At last the real time clock in the 4 84 IS good for something the complete TIMEPRO system is available as single programs or as a complete set SEETIME COM continuously displays the time and date in either standard or military time on the 25th line of the screen all the time you use your Kaypro TD COM time and date stamps your disk files Automatically detects which files have been added or modified since TD was last run and updates the time and date only for those files Does automatic backup too APPT COM maintains your calendar of appointments and other reminders Includes archiving capabilities and several utilities 2 84 2X 84 As you probably know the main computer board of these two systems is identical to the 4 84 except that Kaypro left out the components for the real time clock and modem We have the forgotten real time clock components complete with instructions ready to install Il 4 83 Time and speed are yours with our easily installed SPEEDPRO 5RTC 5 megahertz speedup board with real time clock Shipped complete with the full TIMEPRO series of 12 programs a whole disk full 192K of software All TIMEPRO programs are accompanied by programs for setting the time and date and by source code in several computer languages to demonstrate the use of the real time clock in your own programs THE BOTTOM LINES SEE IME COM ooaseunannan 29 95 TD COM e is Tn a ees 39 95 ARPA COM oe n
76. 400 BUILT IN WORDS PLUS S Bpi LOW COST UNLIMITED PHONETIC SPEECH Pe lc ae CAPABILITY D SAVE WEAR AND TEAR ON YOUR DI K DRIVES i AND FLOPPIES WITH THE MODEL 3861 ALL DATA RATE 3 5 bytes sec typical SOLID STATE RELAY SMALL ENOUGH TO FIT EASILY INSIDE YOUR DISK DRIVE THE 3881 2 bytes word or phoneme CAN BE INSTALLED IN MINUTES YOUR BIG BOARD WILL THEN TURN YOUR DRIVES ON AND PLUGS DIRECTLY ONTO GPIO A OFF AUTOMATICALLY AS THEY ARE NEEDED BIG VOICE KIT INCLUDES aan FEATURES SMALL SIZE 1 75 X 1 48 X HIGH QUALITY BARE BOARD INSTALLATION DIAGRAM 1400 WORDS IN EPROM INCLUDED og ELIMINATES ALL SWITCHING NOISE USER ASSY MANUAL schem TRIAC OUTPUT NO MECHANICAL PARTS SOFTWARE WORD SOURCE DVDT FILTER INCLUDED LOW COST ONLY 8 88 EACH DEMO amp SUPPORT PROGRAMS 1 YEAR WARRANTY Je 38 DAY MONEY BACK GUARANTEE SPEECH ON 8 sssd FLOPPY DISK l 70 kit 150 ass d amp tested PHENIX SYNT H E S Z E R all ppd Texas res add 6 COMPANY OF CALIFORNIA 1619 SOUTH MINNIE STREET FOR THE BIG BOARD state whether B B or XeroX SANTA ANA CALIFORNIA 92707 AND XEROX 820 130 complete kit 724 547 4316 A 9910 LEAWOOD BLVD CALIF RES ADD 6 SALES TAX ADD 1 06 EA POSTAGE amp HANDLING HOUSTON TEXAS 77099 PLEASE SPECIFY BBI BBII OR XEROX E tel 713 495 6185 58 Micro Cornucopia Number 21 December January 1985 FERGUSON ENGINEERING 817 640 0207 820 1 Schematics
77. 7 REAL TIME CLOCK TI 76496 COMPLEX SOUND GENERATOR BARE BOARD 54 95 AEA AEAEEAEE FE COMPOSIT VIDEO INTERFACE BARE BOARD 19 95 WE ACCEPT MONEY ORDER VISA CHECK MASTER CHARGE GRD TECHNIQUES PO BOX 6383 BRIDGEPORT CT O6606 203 374 3660 15 Installing Turbo Pascal By Laine Stump Turbo Pascal is one of the most inno vative packages to hit the market in a long time With its built in full screen editor and the ability to automatically find runtime errors in the source you can have debugging sessions that rival the speed of an interpretive language like MBASIC yuck And because it compiles to machine code you can have execution speed that is as fast as C or any other systems lan guage and nearly as fast as the same pro gram written in assembly language However the full potential of TURBO can only be realized if you use the inter nal editor for your debugging Terminal Condition Before using the TURBO editor it is necessary to configure it for your termi nal This is trivial if your terminal is in the list given in TINST s S option as a matter of fact almost anybody reading this can choose ADM3A and the editor will work However if you wantit to workas effi ciently as possible you should create your own definition This is done by se lecting the CREATE NEW DEFINITION option and answering approximately 20 questions about your terminal This is covered in
78. 84 ONLY 39 95 plus 2 00 shipping amp handling 30 day Money Back Guarantee Send check money orders or Inquiries for THE MASTER SWITCH to ZIPPE SYSTEMS 6520 Selma Ave Box 528 Los Angeles California 90028 Kaypro Is a trademark of Kaypro Corporation the best software buy in America MICROSYSTEMS In reviews published worldwide the amazing 49 95 and Dr Dobb s have similar praise for The Software C 80 from The Software Toolworks has consistently Toolworks 49 95 full featured C compiler for CP M and HDOS with e O redirection command line expansion e execution trace and profile jnitializers e Macro 80 compatability _ e ROMable code e and much more We bought and evaluated over 1500 C 80 is the one Dr Bruce E Wampler Aspen Software worth of C compilers we use scored at or near the top even when compared with compilers costing ten times as much The optional C 80 MATHPAK adds 32 bit floats and longs to the C 80 3 0 compiler Includes I O and trans cendental function library all for only 29 95 C 80 is only one of 41 great programs each under sixty bucks Includes LISP Ratfor assemblers and over 30 other CP M and MSDOS programs author of Grammatik For your free catalog contact The Software Toolworks 15233 Ventura Blvd Suite 1118 Sherman Oaks CA 91403 or call 818 986 4885 today CP M is a registere
79. ACE ListSize ListSize RecordsiIn print ListSize per the procedure ReadRecords is ListSize rem ListSize contains 10 here end procedure WriteRecords for i 1 to RecordsOut WriteFile Outfile Smallest OutfilePtr OutfilePtr 1 Vacaney i Smallest Smallest NextPtr Smallest next i ListSize ListSize RecordsOut end Write Outfile 0 ImpossiblyBig RunSize fix MaxSize 2 repeat begin P for i 1 to MaxSize Vacancy i next i Smallest 0 List Smallest Lastitem 0 ListSize 0 InfilePtr 15 OutfilePtr 1 ImpossiblyBig RecordsToRead UnsortedMasses RecordsIn LesserOf MaxSize RecordsToRead ReadRecords rem ReadRecords sets ListSize to 10 print ListSize per the main procedure is ListSize rem ListSize contains 0 here RecordsToRead RecordsToRead Recordsin repeat begin print ListSize sListsize RunSize RunSize RecordsOut LesserOf ListSize ListSize RunSize print RecordsOut RecordsOut WriteRecords RecordsIn LesserOf RunSize RecordsToRead ReadRecords RecordsToRead RecordsToRead Recordsin end until RecordsToRead 0 WriteRecords Infile Outfile UnsortedMasses UnsortedMasses RunSize end until UnsortedMasses 0 end var i integer string 9 var a files r 10 r 10 open 0 UNSORTED DAT open 1 SORTED DAT print sssort 0 1 100 Sorting the Data File The Sorted File for i 1 to 100 read 1 1i a Print a next
80. BASIC Games amp Keyboard Translator We sifted through many many games before coming up with these gems All will work on any Kaypro and all come in MBASIC source USOPEN shows you the fairway on the screen You select the club and direction for each stroke After you reach the green the display shifts to show details of the green and flag Forone to four players DUCK is an offshoot of aliens pardon the pun Hunter tries to shoot down ducks while ducks try to bomb the hunter Much fairer than real life CASTLE is an adventure in which you select your attributes strength dexterity and intelligence and you get to purchase arms and protection Great documentation and very interesting game KSTROKES is a keyboard translator similar to Smartkey Bill Forbes did an excellent job creating this program You can create and save translation files on disk The program even includes a table which generates WordStar commands from the Kaypro s keypad You can define 8 keystrokes at up to 63 characters each Kaypro Disk K25 Z80 Macro Assembler Kaypro Disk K26 EPROM Programmer amp Character Editor Kaypro Disk K27 Typing Tutor Acomplete typing tutor for beginners and experts Written in Australia it comes complete with source This was customized for Kaypro II 4 and 10 by Barry Cole of WLAKUG The documentation says you can learn to touch type in 8 hours probably a little longer for mortals Kaypro Users Disk K28 Modem 730 DISK
81. BOARD DESIGNED WITH EASY TO GET BARTS U COMPREH SIVE 30 PG MANUAL WORKS WITH ANY CP M SYSTEM SOFTWARE INSTALL UTILITY INTERFACE TWO WAYS 1 Te A BIT AA PORT AND ONE 8 BIT OUT PORT 16 WIRES GRO NO HANDSHAKE LINES REQUIRED 2 CENTRONICS PRINTER PORT 8 OUTPUT DA A BITS AND ONE INPUT DATA BIT BUSY LINS 9 WIRES AND A GROUND CONTROL PROGRAM COMMANDS PROGRAM EPROM GRO ZH RON DISK SAVE ERROMO TO TO DISK SERN DISK FILE I REREN METO Para ERASED ORY PROM BISPLAY MODIEY RAM MONITOR MODE WITH 11 SUB COMMANDS FILL DUMP XFER BXAMINE MODIFY BIAS PROGRAM VERIFY ETC BARE P C BOARD WITH COMPLETE DOCUMENTATION AND SOFTWARE ON 8 SINGLE DENSITY DISKETTE ABOVE WITH COMPLETE PARTS KIT 169 A amp T 169 OFTWARE AVAILABLE FOR OSBORNE KAYPRO AND OTHER 5 1 4 FMTS TO ORDER SEND CHECK MONEY ORDER WRITE OR CALL AN P O BOX 222 MILFORD OHIO 45150 513 752 7218 CALL OR WRITE FOR MORE INFORMATION ADD 3 00 FOR SHIPPING OHIO RES ADD 55 TAX VISA MC ACCEPTED 300 FOR COD Micro Cornucopia Number 21 December January 1985 The Culture Once upon a midnight dreary while I pondered weak and weary O er a quaint and curious program I had written long before While I nodded nearly sleeping suddenly I heard a beeping From my Big Board bugs a creeping creeping where I would deplore T was some misstroke I had entered errant thumbstroke not well centered Just a ty
82. Board Systems Journal to let people know that we didn t support bus type systems like the S 100 After all Micro systems was supporting them Now that Microsystems is no more I guess we ll have to be the Single Board and More Systems Journal Is The Computer Hobbyist Dead Initially most micros were built by their owners Now that percentage is very very small and getting smaller Much smaller Who is willing to build a system when it s cheaper simply to buy one I for one am certainly willing to build Sol mentioned that great numbers of technical hobbyists used to build their own radios I built my own two transis tor radio in 1959 the parts cost about 15 He pointed out that very few peo ple are building AM transistor radios nowadays He feels that computer hobbyists are heading in the same direction In time the Big Boards and Slicers will no longer be available as kits and people will no longer be interested in upgrading their Kaypros by modifying the hardware Over the long term he may be right I have no desire to dig into a 3 95 Japa nese AM radio And if I had a 29 95 lap computer that were as tightly packed with parts as a radio I might not be will ing to spend a week trying to add a sec ond serial port However there are those of us who are very interested in modifying and building our own systems Perhaps we are a minority but minorities have their rights too and I think the S
83. C Inverter from Sears Montgomery Wards also has an equivalent invertor 61 Radio Shack LE a a a The Dynamic Screen Debugger for CP M DSD 80 is the most advanced debugging program available for CP M 80 and compatible operating systems Spend less time debugging and more time programming because DSD is the only utility to offer all of the most important features in one package Satisfaction is guaranteed or a full refund Full screen display includes O Full featured simulator provides for 2 memory displays Execution only within boundaries Register display Write protected memory Stack display Stack overflow protection Instruction display Stack underflow protection Fully upward compatible with DDT Real time subroutines lt Over 50 commands Breakpoint on specified memory or register values Full symbol support including l Loading symbol files O Single keystroke commands for Interactive symbol definitions Stepping instructions Subroutine execution Manipulate I O ports i l Scrolling memory displays string searching O Uses less than 15k of memory Free updates for one year O On line help information 30 day money back guarantee Endorsed by Leor Zolman author of BDS C O Requires CRT with cursor addressing Only 195 00 O Clearly written 50 page manual P O Box 49473 Austin TX 78765 512 478 4763 Avallable on 8 SSSD amp various 5 25 formats IBM PC version available so
84. C board traces are usually affected first History About two days after I got the MD11 an old time hacker friend paid me a visit While tinkering with the computer he noticed that the floppies were coming out of the drive very warm The next day I put a thermometer inside the MD11 and monitored the temperature between the hard disk and the power supply Af ter about four hours the internal temper ature reached 140 degrees Fahrenheit in an office that was 68 degrees and I m sure the power supply components were much hotter Six months before I read Micro Cornu copia s description of the problem I be gan to look for ways to cool my system The most vulnerable component ap peared to be the Shugart SA 455 disk drive with a maximum operating tem perature of 115 degrees With this plus a safety factor in mind I set my target fora maximum internal operating tempera ture of 100 F or 20 F above an 80 degree office temperature I dug out some test equipment and measured the power consumption with a calibrated meter traceable to NBS It P O Box 2540 Manassas VA 22110 turned out that my MD11 was drawing dissipating approximately 85 watts Morrow specification is 50 watts This may not seem like much but think about sticking even a 60 or 75 watt light bulb in a box the size of an MD11 It ll get darned hot Then I took an ALNOR air velocity meter and found that the small MD11 fan pulled only a little more than 3 Cu
85. Card o CExp date Shipped UPS My system is 8 bit____ 16 bit Operating System CP M 80 _ CP M 86 MS DOS PC DOS Computer s isk Format Please be sure model number amp format are correct NAME ADDRESS CITY STATE ZIP TELEPHONE California residents add 6 sales tax Outside U S A add 15 00 if outside of U S A payment must be by bank draft payable in the U S and in U S dollars Sorry no C O D or Purchase Orders BD BORLAND BD INTERNATIONAL 4113 Scotts Valley Drive Scotts Valley CA 95066 TELEX 172373 12 i Micro Cornucopia Number 21 December January 1985 THE LITTLE BOARD OEM INDUSTRIAL SCIENTIFIC SECOND GENERATION SINGLE BOARD COMPUTER KIT 4 MHZ Z80 CPU 64K RAM DOUBLE DENSITY FREE CP M 2 2 ee er aE Lexy L w e A 139 VALUE A FREE ji z 5 1 4 IN CP M 2 2 E x aif 00 DISKETTE IS INCLUDED EH Bigg 5 9 WITH EACH KIT COMPLETE KIT MINI SIZE A amp T UNITS LE POE Be gee ONLY 319 ooo ai She k 5 3 4 x 7 3 4 INCHES FULLY SOCKETED PERFECT MATE TO OUR ZRT 80 TERMINAL BOARD THROUGH SPECIAL ARRANGEMENT WITH AMPRO COMPUTERS WE ARE PLEASED TO OFFER THEIR LITTLE BOARD IN KIT FORM FEATURES 4 MHZ Z80 CPU DOUBLE DENSITY 5 1 4 IN FLOPPY CONTROLLER 64K DYNAMIC RAM CENTRONICS STYLE PARALLEL PRINTER PORT l USES 5VDC 75 A AND 12VDC SOMA TWO RS232 SERIAL PORTS SAME SIZE AS A MINI FLOPPY 2732 BOOT EPROM TERMS Shipments will be
86. Checkbook Programs k CHECKS This has been a very popular group of programs Categorizes checks k so you Can keep track which are tax deductible and which get charged to which k projects Includes source and excellent example check files Very powerful k LIBR This is a complete set of library routines which let you group files into a single oe file called a library Then CP M sees them as a single program but with the library ee routines you can list them out separately run them separately or divide them up again Almost like a unix environment DISPLAY VLIST PGLST Additional screen and print utilities KayPro Disk K12 FORTH et KayPro Disk K13 Source of fig FORTH 66 KAYPRO USERS DISKS for Kaypro ll 4 and 10 12 each Kaypro Disk K22 ZCPR Again This disk is filled with ZPCR files You get ZPCR for the Kaypro II Kaypro 4 and the Kaypro 10 This version is fixed so that you can pass control characters such as cntl P to the system and you can choose to have it recognize the semi colon for drive select as well as the colon So you can enter B or B to select drive B Super neat ZPCR for those of you who don t know makes CP M a lot friendlier It searches drive A for any COM file it doesn t find on the current drive the TYPE command scrolls text 24 lines at a time and a new UST command outputs a file to the printer Kaypro Disk K23 Fast Terminal Software amp New BYE Kaypro Disk K24 M
87. D I1 TOP SPST 3A 125 VAC toggle switch Radio Shack 275 602 3 5 X 3 5 hardware cloth 1 4 heavy duty screen 3 5 X 3 5 pieces of window screen 1 1 2 2 power cord grommets 1 1 6 1 4 or 3 8 foam weather stripping 1 1 2 X 9 piece of stiff cardboard or thin plastic 4 6 32 X 3 4 fan mounting screws washers nuts 4 4 40 X 3 8 fan housing mounting screws washers nuts Micro Cornucopia Number 21 December January 1985 57 EXPAND YOUR BIG BOARD GIVE YOUR BBI A PRESENT EXPAND IT This versatile expansion system features a Z80 daughter board for direct on the bus expansion of memory and I O The main board allows you to add on the most popular Big at cate eA ee Board accessories all on one board ENGINEERING SOFTWARE BANK SWITCHED MEMORY 64K to Mbyte of dynamic RAM with delay CPM 80 MSDOS TRSDOS PCDOS line timing and 8K to 32K of EPROM or battery backed STATIC RAM i R Advanced HOLE memory mapping for ultra fast RAMdisk operation _ Z80 I O One SIO two PIOs and one CTC The SIO and PIOs are fully buffered with the same header connections as the BB I OTHER I O One ADC0808 8 input 8 bit A D converter two DAC 800 8 bit D A converters one AY 3 89 0 programmable sound generator and one MM581 167 battery backed real time clock SIMPLE PIGGYBACK INSTALLATION NO MODIFICATIONS TO BB I NEEDED Main board is the same size as the BB I and runs at 2 5 or 4 MHz Versati
88. DER VISA MC CASH PRICES SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE CP M IS A TRADEMARK OF DIGITAL RESEARCH AMP CONNECTORS FOR YOUR DISK DRIVE KIT OF 2 EACH WITH PINS DOUBLE DENSITY HARDWARE DAUGHTER BOARD FOR THE WD2795 DSDD CONTROLLER 99 KIT without COMPATIBLE WITH wD 2795 ANY COMPUTER 59 wD USING WD 1771 2795 ONLY 1005 an 79 aons ce AT LAST DD SOFTWARE 25 SOLD WITH KIT ONLY 5 Plus 1S 8H BIG BOARD s The LA CAJA Enclosure w Power Supply 299 PLUS 20 S amp H STANDARD FEATURES INCLUDE e Power Supply 5V 4A OVP 24V 2 5A All voltages are current protected e Reset Switch e Fan e Key lock Power e Solid State AC Relay Bell Circuit and Piezo Speaker e 2 AC Outlets One Switched e Color Beige and Chocolate e 6 Hx 12 Wx 16 D 24 W for 2 Drive Unit 12V 2A IN STOCK La Caja can be supplied fuily wired for the Big Board with all ports disk DC and timed AC for 150 00 NAKED Yes now you can buy the LA CAJA stripped for only 119 fans line fliers etc available 15 S amp H California residents add 6 tax on all items 1137 TOPAZ ST CORONA CA 91720 45 ALWAYS BEAT T ELECTRONIC RAM DISK Fired of spending so much of your computer time waiting for srograms to load compile recalc or sort Check these time omparisons Now a lowly Kaypro II or 4 running at 2 5mhz alias Tortoise can even out run a 4 mhz Kaypro 10 with Winchester Hard Disk al
89. DIP headers or sockets Sim ply connect pin 4 to pin 6 on both boards This jumpers the data signal across the socket Call one of the boards H19 and the other H20 Now jumper pin 3 of H19 to pin 2 of H20 and pin 11 of H19 to pin 9 of H20 These last two jumpers connect RTS Request to Send output to CTS Clear to Send input and DTR Data Ter minal Ready output to DCD Data Car rier Detect input You need these jump ers if the software you re running uses these signals When you have put the four jumpers on the two headers just unplug U19 and U20 carefully store them somewhere on anti static foam and plug in the head ers Your serial port now operates at TTL voltages When you make the cable go to the de vice at the other end remember that pin 1 is ground pin 2 is transmit data and pin 3 is receive data on the DB25 con nector not the one on the Slicer board If things don t seem to be working cor rectly try switching the two jumpers on JB3 to switch the pinouts of transmit and receive See page Connectors 4 of the Slicer manual for a diagram of these Other Serial Discussions Irecently discovered the use for one of the jumpers on JB2 If your terminal runs at 9600 baud you can put a jumper be tween pin 1 and pin 2 on JB2 and the sys tem will bypass the auto baud code and simply assume 9600 baud This elimi nates the need to type a cr gt before the system boots Later On Wishing I had more I O ports
90. ELLER AND OEM 262 East Main Street Frankfort New York 13340 INQUIRIES INVITED 315 895 7426 37 tthe the VOCAIILOLSLTOOLELELITSLSSICLICLOLLELIGLSSIDITITLIEEEELELLISLELOLLLELEDLISSSSSTVIOLELILE EE g Over 40 of all failures in transportable computers are caused by BE SAFE nt You may test any Kaypro portable as fast as you can Our kit will help you keep your d make an omelette equipme S 2 v xo gt S x D D hag S N Q Q A Q da ke gt Q Q V lt hus ton v da x ba a to 9 m top shape p m Pacific Coast Time Check Money Order MASTER VISA Card or Cal Phone orders Mon Sat 9 a rives in ize Full or Half S 48 TPI or 96TPI Box 486 O P Boonv SHEEPSHEAD SOFTWARE 707 463 if add 6 UPS add 2 Blue Label add 5 D C O CA 95415 lle 1833 468 8717 e 707 Number 20 October 1984 ia icro Cornucop M 38 A NEW TWIST FAT JACK READING RACK SEE COPY SCREEN KEYBOARD AT THE SAME TIME x EASILY ATTACHED TO ANY KAYPRO 16 WIDE AND STRONG FULLY SUPPORTS BOOKS MAGAZINES e REPORTS WITH UNIQUE PAGECLIP Dealer and group inquiries invited ONLY 17 95 s1 50 Shipping Continental U S A Washington Residents Add 1 45 Sales Tax Cashier Checks amp Money Orders Shipped Promptly Personal Ch
91. EPA s ne us Res ws i P ed TF ki I p E SINGLE 2 ab M i Wg an a Ee aa ae im Bie A ue A howl ieee Tt aaa TTT iT oe a December January 1985 ayant atlas TABLE OF CONTENTS Analog to Digital Interface Communication Between High Level and Assembly Language Pascal Procedures Installing Turbo Pascal Xerox 820 Column C ing Clearly Low Intensity BB I Video Slicer Column Saving Money on Quad Density Disks Three Keyboard Translators Kaypro Column KAMAS An Outline Processor FORTHwords SBASIC Column Cooling a Hot Computer No Fault Power On Your Own Turbo Pascal the Early Days Technical Tips THE ORIGINAL BIG BOARD OEM INDUSTRIAL BUSINESS SCIENTIFIC SINGLE BOARD COMPUTER KIT ALL SALES MADE SUBJECT TO THE TERMS OF OUR 90 DAY LIMITED WARRANTY FREE COPY ON REQUEST Z 80 CPU PARTIALLY ASSEMBLED KITS For All Sockets Installed And Soldered Add 50 Not For Blank PCB me es THE BIG BOARD PROJECT With thousands sold worldwide and ov Board may just be one of the most reliable single board computers available today This is the same design that was licensed by Xerox Corp as the basis for their 820 computer The Big Board gives you the right mix of most needed computing features all on one board The Big Board was designed from scratch to run the latest version of CP M Just imagine all the off the shelf software that can be run on the Big Board without any modif
92. F COM 8 and 16 bit Motorola BPNF ASCII Merge and split of 16 bit data also supported HEXED A full screen hex file editor allowing simultaneous edit of both the hex and ascii representations of a file Full source and documentation on disk 24 95 Power requirements 5 volts 3A 12 volts 1A Bareboard Printer buffer EPROM Printer buffer source on 8 SSSD diskette 4 MHz Kit 64k with printer buffer EPROM 4MHzA T 64k with printer buffer EPROM 64k byte bank of RAM 8 4164s 200nsec S H 85 95 14 00 25 00 359 00 459 00 79 00 10 00 all prices shown are in US funds BIG BOARD XEROX 820 PORT EXPANDER interfaces through the Z80 CPU socket and 1 jumper to con nect the IEO IEI daisy chain adds 2 PIOs SIO CTC and a DMA controller FULL MODE 2 INTERRUPT OPERATION Works with 2 5MHz and 4MHz systems Complete documentation STAND ALONE U I E 256k bytes of RAM with DMA capability 4 fully buffered 8 bit paralle ports 4 Mhz use Z80A parts and 200 nsec dynamic RAM 2 5 MHz use Z80 parts and 250 nsec dynamic RAM configurable EPROM socket 2716 thru 27256 4 fully buffered 8 bit parallel ports 2 configurable RS232C serial ports Complete documentation Biegun amp Associates P O Box 4071 Stn B Winnipeg Manitoba Canada R2W 5K8 CP M is a trademark of Digital Research Inc Micro Cornucopia Number 21 December January 1985 orders shipped within
93. I was an illegal alien I didn t have anything In this situ ation you have to be very creative And lucky We were lucky to have a debugged working product and we had good tim ing JRT had made Pascal somewhat popular but had just gone bankrupt We had used Europe for a beta test site for a year and our challenge was to finda way to let the world know about our Pascal Our big decision was whether to sell it for 50 or 600 We re selling it right now for 600 in Europe We now know we made the right choice but we could have been totally wrong continued next page Fe EE A NY ea Ns NE ae NI La eA Micro Cornucopia Number 21 December January 1985 63 TURBO PASCAL THE EARLY DAYS continued Pricing One of our assumptions was that prices would go down as volume in creased The manuals cost us 80 cents the disks cost 1 00 and the whole pack age costs 3 50 or 4 00 If you multiply that by more than 10 you have a comfort able margin Perhaps 49 95 is too high but sooner or later it probably won t be that price When you have 2 million PCs out there it s a big market Turbo Pascal is a small market but we re shipping serial number 85 000 end of July 1984 Plus we have Japanese translations German translations we have distributors world wide now In fact most countries with more than 10 million people have a local translation of Turbo We shipped 10 000 copies of Sidekick in the first three weeks
94. IGGEST amp BEST SBC solved the problem by placing the oscil lator on top of U77 First remove U77 and bend out pin 5 Then bend out what would be pin 8 on the oscillator if the oscillator were a 14 pin DIP device Place the oscillator on top of U77 and carefully solder pins 1 7 and 14 to the correspond ing pins of U77 Install a jumper between pin 8 of the oscillator and pin 5 of the 74LS04 U77 Then place U77 back in the socket leaving pin 5 bent out With this modification you may leave the old clock components in place in case you need to go back to the old crystal I still don t know why my old clock stopped but since the modification it s been running reliably Pat Coleman 6529 Creekwood Ct Mobile AL 36609 a Sa CFE aeeenes for wiring access to the bottom of the board If a L121 were used instead of a 121 the wait would be longer because of ig 9 ie SRL ren EY Oe oem The Maxi Computer System on Board Rint being largerin the L121 but you can hardly tell the difference D L Carlyle 1107 Horseshoe Lane Blacksburg VA 24060 Repairing BBI System Clock When my BBI system clock quit for the fourth time I bought a 20 MHz crystal oscillator from JAMECO This is a sin gle component oscillator in a package compatible with DIP integrated circuits The oscillator requires 5V and provides a TTL level output signal The 5V requirement and the shape x 512K of D Ram with Parity
95. Less F Comment This is where you get to tell the program which element is bigger If you don t your sort based on List then use your own variable such as Name City or whatever end end Less integer byte REM emama e End of User Supplied Procedures procedure sssort Infile Outfile UnsortedMasses integer var Smallest Current LastOne LastItem RunSize ListSize RecordsIn RecordsOut RecordsToRead i j integer procedure Order NewItem byte procedure SearchAndInsert while Less Current NewItem do begin LastOne Current Current NextPtr Current end NextPtr NewItem NextPtr LastOne NextPtr LastOne NewItem LastItem NewItem end if Less NewItem LastItem then begin if Less NewItem Smallest then begin NextPtr NewItem Smallest Smallest NewItenm end else begin Current NextPtr Smallest LastOne Smallest SearchAndInsert end end else begin Current NextPtr LastItem LastOne LastItem SearchAndInsert end end function LesserOf var1 var2 integer var Lesser integer if vari lt var2 then Lesser vari else Lesser var2 end Lesser integer print procedure ReadRecords for i 1 to RecordsIn ReadFile Infile Vacancy i InfilePtr InfilePtr 1 Order Vacancy i print print tn 8 Ron number Msi neeeeen for j 1toi if j Smallest then print Smallest gt else print ms print j List j NextPtr j next j next i TR
96. M 3 for the BB II bank switched Iam quite sure I m not the only one to think about this but I need help Anyone want to help Dr Andre Michel Fac Univ N D Dept Chimie Rue De Bauxelles 61 B 5000 Namur Belgium Dear Editor As a deaf man with a BS in civil engin eering I consider a handicap something to be solved I ve come up with several ideas which could aid handicapped peo ple and I would appreciate feedback from Micro C readers First someone might design a curser controlled by the head or eyes An old application of this is a special helmet worn by a weapons man on a plane or helicopter that points the weapon sys tem in the same direction the helmet is pointing It would be even better if someone could develop something that could de tect eye movement and eye blinks Per haps it could be a laser system of some sort While the idea above is especially ap plicable to quadriplegics the second idea below a computer terminal provid ing tactile feedback is suited to the blind Sightless folks could stick their finger tips into a thimble like solid state device which would provide braille feedback I ve considered several possibilities in cluding translating video into braille If Micro C readers have questions about what I m doing or have any sugges tions I d enjoy hearing from them Scott Rich 1640 E 1140 N Logan UT 84321 Dear Editor Can you recommend any books for learn
97. MOR Enterprises Our name is our names Linda Bee and Gary Morris and fortunately we didn t shell out 40 000 to name our company BEE MOR We have been marketing pe ripheral products and systems for Kay pros and operate a disk drive service center Fortunately our business is MOR not less than last year because we ship a good product We are avid readers of Micro C and ap preciate the wealth of knowledge you provide Linda Bee Gary Morris BEE MOR Enterprises 22 182nd Ave E Sumner WA 98390 Editor s note Thanks for the letter Linda and Gary The response to that On Your Own column was immediate and very interesting Some people loved it some had mixed feelings and others thought I was off base I won t repeat how far off Picking on someone s business name is about as bad as picking on his personal name perhaps worse since he didn t have any choice over his own name Before I wrote the column I told the outfit that distributes Dulmonts what I thought about the name to their face The distributor indicated that it too had tried to get the name changed but that the Dulmont company in sisted That s always been our name we re successful and we re not going to change nitely not interested in a new name The Integrand folks responded immediate ly with a beautifully written reply Their name was derived from the mathematical term integration and at the time they thought it was ap
98. R DEMO 110 PLUS 5 S amp H LISTEN Your computer could be talking to you through the BIG MOUTH from ASTROTRONICS True speech synthesis for ANY computer through your printer port parallel or serial Using our BIG MOUTH speech synthesizer with its Z80 CPU and SSI 263 third generation phonetin speech synthesizer Text to speech e No software required Will run on any computer 400 character buffer Embed phonemes in text for those special words that don t fit the rules names foreign words etc Programmable vocal tract frequency intlection rate duration pitch articluation amplitude for all 64 phonemes Can be programmed to make sound effects and can even be programmed it to SING PCB amp EPROM with Instruction Complete PCB Kit with Instruction Complete Kit Including Case Speaker amp Power Supply Completed Unit A amp T Coming next month a 56K smart Printer Buffer order your own son of a buffer Kit for only 99 plus 3S amp H AstroTronics MICROSYSTEMS Micro Cornucopia Number 21 December January 1985 714 734 6006 INTRODUCING feu tHecvpHen fit A COMPLETE 68000 amp Z 80 SINGLE BOARD COMPUTER SYSTEM WITH ULTRA HIGH RES GRAPHICS ULTRA HIGH RESOLUTION GRAPHICS 128K PROGRAMMABLE UP TO 1024 X 1024 RESOLUTION NEC 7220 GREAT FOR CAD SYSTEMS REAL TIME CLOCK MULTITASKING CAPABILITY TWO CHANNELS OF D A AND A O 12 BIT RESOLUTION MUSIC ROBOTICS
99. RAM plus up to 64K EPROM SASI port for hard disk controller Two full function RS232C serial ports with individually programmed transmission rates 50 to 38 4K baud Software compatibility with the 8086 and 8088 8K of EPROM contains drivers for peripherals commands for hardware checkout and software testing Software supports most types and sizes of disk drives Source for monitor included on disk Bios supports Xebec 1410 and Western Digital WD 1002 SHD controller for hard disks Fully assembled and tested only The Slicer 995 00 PC Expansion Board pz GIVES YOUR SLICER HIGH PERFORMANCE VIDEO CAPABILITY IBM compatible monochrome video Video memory provides 8 pages of text or special graphics capability 2 IBM type card slots for color video I O expansion etc IBM type keyboard port Fully assembled and tested only 600 00 SLICER COMPUTERS INC SLICER 2543 Marshall Street N E Minneapolis MN 55418 612 788 9481 FOR EXPANDED MEMORY ADDITIONAL PORTS AND REAL TIME CLOCK Up to 256K additional dynamic RAM 2 RS232C asynchronous ports with baud rates to 38 4K for serial communication 2 additional serial ports for asynchronous RS232C or synchronous communication Zilog 8530 SCC Real Time Clock with battery backup for continuous timekeeping Centronics type parallel printer port Fully assembled and tested only 750 00 REAL 8 16 BIT POWER ON A SINGLE BOARD Featuring the In
100. RAM1 PARAM1 put skip call CONSOLE PARAM1 put skip list After calling put list PARAM1 PARAM1 end DEMO1 CONSOLE1 Z80 3Z80 mnemonics used PUBLIC CONSOLE1 Program will be reco sgnised by LINK BDOS EQU 05h CONIN EQU 01h CONOUT EQU 02h HL Original HL saved E HL HL Adress of Parameter in D HL jsregister pair DE DE HL Save parameter adress HL 3on stack E HL Parameter must be in E C CONOUT before calling CP M BDOS sconsole output funct Read a character using CP M console input fn LD C CONIN CALL BDOS The character read from the console will now replace the parameter from the calling procedure in memory POP HL LD HL A Parameter adress in HL New parameter now in smemory POP HL Original HL restored RET Return to calling END procedure LL I ES CAI ENE TO I IT ENE OEE LD EE IS POT TT TTC EES RELIG SORE STITT EEE OT STI S E EEC SSID OE ER SEI EO EI DANE ar RE mes Micro Cornucopia Number 21 December January 1985 10 Figure 2 Returning Data VIA Stack DEMO2 procedure options main declare CONSOLE2 entry character 1 returns character 1 PARAM1 PARAM2 character 1 PARAMI put skip list Before calling put list PARAM1 PARAM1 put skip here subroutine is called by invocation CALL keyword not required PARAM2 CONSOLE2 PARAM1 put skip list After calling put list
101. S with Madia Maal Are you tired of trying to find your favorite software package in Kaypro format Would you like to use your Kaypro generated Wordstar files dBase II data and spreadsheet files on the IBM PC at work and vice versa Do you want to trade public domain software with a friend who owns an Osborne MEDIA MASTER gives your Kaypro instant access to program and data files in over 25 disk formats including Osborne SD amp DD LNW 80 Cromemco w iInt l Term Xerox 8201 SD IBM PC DOS 1 0 amp up TRS 80 with Omikron CP M Cromemco CDOS SSDD Xerox 820 il DD IBM PC DOS 2 0 amp up TRS 80 Ill w Memory Merchant Cromemco CDOS SSSD Zenith Z90 IBM CP M 86 TRS 80 IV with CP M TI Professional CP M 86 DEC VT180 Morrow MD2 Heath Z100 Actrix NEC PC 8001A Systel II Heath w Magnolia CP M Lobo Max 80 l Kaypro Il Now available for Kaypro 2 and Ii All other models soon ORDERING INFORMATION Include 3 per order for postage handling Overseas airmail add 10 California residents add 6 tax LA County add 6 5 meN To place COD or credit card orders VISA Call TOLL FREE 24 hours 800 824 7888 Ask for Operator 407 E s Alaska Hawaii 800 824 7919 Ask for Operator 407 Technical questions call 818 716 1655 For more information a free brochure including sample printouts and reviews or to order contact or 23145 Bigler Street Woodland Hills CA 91364 w w w w a _ ay All programs also a
102. SFORD NY 14534 Micro Cornucopia Number 21 December January 1985 OPTRONICS TECHNOLOGY 55 COOLING A HOT COMPUTER continued I pulled out the original fan and dis covered it moved only a little more than 3 CFM So I reversed the wiring and the impeller and put the fan back in That increased the air flow to almost 4 CFM but after about an hour the temperature was up to 130 degrees still much too high for dependable operation Testing Your Own Machine For Airflow Before you cool your computer make sure it needs it To check turn on your system and hold a facial tissue about 3 inches behind the air intake If the tissue doesn t get pulled hard against the fan intake you ve got a problem When the tissue is directly against the front of the hard disk or the door open ing to the floppy disk drive you should see about a 30 degree off vertical de flection of the tissue This air flow is a little more subtle than the air intake be cause of all of the other holes in the case but you definitely want air coming out through the disk drives and the power supply Cooling The Morrow There are ventilation holes on the back of MD11s Morrow used standard MD series cabinets As a consequence even when enough air does go into the rear fan opening it goes right back out the ventilation holes on the rear panel tak ing very little heat with it To solve this problem cover the rear panel holes from the insid
103. The Backgrounder 45 K 3 CP M 2 2E K 6 DateStamper Deduct 5 if ordering 2 or more disks 32 39 Subtotal California sales tax 6 Shipping amp handling TOTAL 3 00 Micro Cornucopia Number 21 December January 1985 DD Disks That Should Work in QD The MAG MEDIA disks have been amazingly good We ve tested over 500 of them both double sided double den sity and single sided double density and they have all been absolutely solid de spite continuous use I haven t tested any of the Dysan 5 disks I can t afford them but they have such an excellent reputation for reliabili ty that Iam comfortable recommending them in any application Dysan is really the standard in the industry both for polishing and testing Maxell disks have a very good reputa tion for data reliability but they are abra sive Tektronix stopped using them be cause drive heads were being chewed up in less than a year I cringe when some one sends me an article on a Maxell DD Disks That Won t Work in QD Elephants don t work period Their double density disks don t even work wellin the standard double density Kay pros I understand from the rumor mill that they are trying to upgrade their product but the word so far is that El ephants always forget Try to remem ber that DD BASFs don t work very well QD They usually format but the latest batch we ve gotten don t hold data very long in C 80
104. UPPLY i 39 95 pen oe California Orders Add 6 5 Sales Tax aeie ender Juy Shipped via UPS Check or Money Orders to L BAND SYSTEMS 1037 E Lemon Ave Monrovia CA 91016 818 357 0566 Not available for expor GR AF 2 0 PRINTER GRAPHICS 2 9 95 MSC is proud to announce an extensive upgrade of the public domain program GRAF 1 0 available on Micro Cornucopia disks K5 K19 and B11 Unlike the original GRAF however GRAF 2 0 is a fully professional graphics program allowing the user to plot floating point data on graphs with arbitrary horizontal and vertical scales Features of GRAF 2 0 include Simple interface allows GRAF 2 0 to plot data Extensive User s Manual with many obtained from most spreadsheets or any CP M examples programming language Line box arc and circle plotting Examples showing how to do graphics from MBASIC functions and Turbo Pascal are included Fast execution much faster than Graphs can be downloaded from MicroSphere s Color GRAF 1 0 Graphics Board for the Kaypro and BigBoard I 360 x 360 pixel resolution Point plotting symbols include x and QO Vastly improved user interface Any number of graphs may be overlaid Labels for both axes Written by Dr Donald L Brittain author of the Graphs may be stored on disk original GRAF program and all of the editors GRAF 1 0 upward compatible and utility programs included with MicroSphere s Source code in C available for an Color Graphics Board additiona
105. VERSAL DISK COMPATIBILIBY PROGRAM RUNS ON THE MODIFIED XEROX 820 TO GIVE YOU ACCESS TO DISKS WRITTEN FOR OVER 70 OTHER COMPUTERS SUCH AS THE IBM PC MORROW OSBORNE AND MANY OTHERS PRICING XPRO ROM AND X120 BOARD A amp T XPRO ROM AND X120 BARE BOARD XPRO ROM SET X120 BARE BOARD X120 BOARD ASSEMBLED amp TESTED X120 BARE BOARD AND KIT ADD 3 00 FOR SHIPPING AND HANDLING 6 00 FOR COD VISA MASTERCARD ADD 3 INCLUDES S amp H EMERALD MICROWARE P O Box 6118 Aloha OR 97007 503 642 1860 Powerful Single Board Computer Includes CP M Plus on Disk Z80 CPU MSC ICO uses the most popular microprocessor the 280 as its main CPU MSC ICO runs at 4 MHZ without any wait states The whole system is Incorporated into a high quality four layer PC board measuring only 145mm X 250mm 10 x 67 The system requires only 1 2 Amps at 5 Volts and 0 1 Amps at 12 Volts Banked CP M Plus Included CPIM Plus 3 0 banked is included on disk with all manuals CP M Plus is upwardly compatible with CPIM 2 2 and includes the SID debugger the MAC and RMAC macro assemblers and the LINK 80 loader MSC ICO s custom BIOS provides support for multiple disk formats and I O device control System specific software for disk formatting disk copying defining function keys and modifying screen attributes is also included 128Kb RAM One 64K bank of memory is devoted to CP M and its disk cache blocks while the other 64K bank is devoted to applic
106. YNAMIC RAM 256K 256Kx1 150 ns 18 77 64K 64Kx1 120 ns 3 77 64K 64Kx1 150 ns 3 31 64K 64Kx1 200 ns 3 44 EPROM 27256 32kx8 300 ns 45 97 27128 16Kx8 250 ns 13 67 27C64 8Kx8 200 ns 22 50 2764 8Kx8 250 ns 6 50 2732 4Kx8 250 ns 6 37 2716 2Kx8 450 ns 3 50 STATIC RAM 6264LP skxs 150 ns 23 67 6116P 2Kx8 150 ns 4 37 Open 6 days We can ship via Fed Ex on Sat MasterCard VISA or UPS CASH COD Factory New Prime Parts uPoo MICROPROCESSORS UNLIMITED 24 000 South Peori S BEGGS OK 74421 918 267 4961 Prices shown above are for November 12 1984 Please call for current prices amp volume discount Prices subject to change Please expect higher or lower prices on some parts due to supply amp demand and our cnanging costs Shipping amp insurance extra Cash discount prices shown Small orders received by 6 PM ale can usually be delivered to you by the next morning via Fed Exp Standard Alr 6 75 WITH AZTEC CII Full implementation of C with standard floating point library and I O subroutines UNIX VER 7 compatible Produces relocatable 8080 optional 0Z80 assembler code Relocating assembler and linker supplied with package or use Microsoft M80 and L80 SID ZSID debugger interface FAST COMPILATION AND EXECUTION AZTEC Cll FOR CP M _ 199 Special price for Micro C subscribers 149 MANX software systems eS Box 55 Shrewsbury N J 07701 Bia 201 780 4004 Also available for Apple DOS HDOS CP M 86 PC DOS
107. You should make up a work sheet for answers to these commands too If you want to you can use the one on pp 11 13 of the Turbo manual along with the update for vrs 2 0 if you have it The questions asked are sometimes confus ing and inconsistent for instance did you know that Paging down takes you the same direction in the file as Scrolling up To help overcome the confusion see Figure 3 Figure 3 WordStar Worksheet They Say Scroll up gt to end Scroll down gt to beginning Page up gt to beginning Page down gt to end Other than this the only confusing part of installing editing commands is that you cannot have two commands that are the same if you do you have to do the ENTIRE installation procedure over again and you cannot have ambig uous commands For instance if you have said that the Page up command will be ESC F you can t define the End Ed it command as ESC The Bottom Line Turbo Pascal is the greatest thing I have found since root beer floats Edi tor s note Actually root beer doesn t float ice cream floats Its capabilities for addressing absolute memory and I O ports directly make it indispensible for trying out new ideas With a little work its built in editor can be customized to run efficiently and appear almost identi cal to your usual editor a a I SS EE PTET Micro Cornucopia Number 21 December January 1985 17 BPT COMPUTER
108. aded kibitz disease We proceeded with a scope and your schematic and found that when the data was being output to the printer some of the signals weren t coming up to full voltage and then we lost sync When this happened the printer lost characters After 4 hours we located the problem It was U73 the busy ret from the print er Apparently when the printer buffer was full the busy was not properly halt ing the data flow I replaced U73 with an other 74LS04 that I purchased from a parts house for 1 and the computer was back up There is no possible way that I could have attempted these repairs without your schematic and theory of operation At the hourly rate the dealer was charg ing I figure the net savings including the cost of the schematic was 219 Since I suspected that the cause was a power line spike I built a line condi tioner It consists of three transient sup pressors and a four outlet power strip The parts can be purchased from Ra dio Shack for 22 The suppressors are part 276 570 and are installed across all three leads of the power strip R F Loftus 3156D Texas Ct Great Lakes IL 60088 Dear Editor Ireally liked your lambastation a shel ter for young sheep of the GTEK pro grammer I bought a single EPROM pro grammer for my employer recently and avoided difficulties on the perfectly ra tional basis that the GTEK ad looked like it had been put together by kidnappers I wound up purchasi
109. ae ses tay Phew Gi 39 95 ALL ABOVE PLUS SEVERAL ADDITIONAL PROGRAMS 89 95 TIMEPRO DOCUMENTS ON DISK credited toward complete TIMEPRO system 14 95 2 2X REAL TIME CLOCK KIT 49 95 CLOCK KIT amp TIMEPRO 109 95 SPEEDPRO 5RTC amp TIMEPRO 129 95 SPEEDPRO 5 SPEEDUP BOARD PE he Jol 89 95 Prices exclusive of shipping NOW IS THE TIME Digital Dynamics 206 627 0797 P O Box 5653 Tacoma WA 98405 65 FREE CATALOG KayPro Disk K14 Smartmodem Programs KayPro Disk K15 Hard Disk Utilities KayPro Disk K16 Pascal Compiler KayPro Disk K17 280 Tools KayPro Disk K18 System Diagnostics Just as we finished editing the routines on this disk we received a copy of KayPro s diagnostic disk The memory test and drive exercise routines on this disk are more powerful than KayPro s versions Plus it s only 12 Setup for KayPro II and 4 KayPro Disk K19 Prowriter Graphics Kaypro Disk K20 Color Graphics Routines Kaypro Disk K21 SBASIC Routines amp Screen Dump SBASIC Finally a disk of SBASIC software There are some good examples of structured program ming on this disk including one program written both ways SO you can see the difference SCREEN DUMP This is a screen dump for all Kay pros new and old You can buy a similar pack age elsewhere for 60 KayPro Disk KI Modem software kE KayPro D
110. al calls be tween 9 00 a m and 12 00 noon Pacific Time Monday through Friday Alice Tracey Dorcas and Cary do their best to answer questions you have about our products but if you need a definitive an swer about a burning question try us in the mornings Please note that though our answers may be definitive that s no guarantee they are correct Another Single Board Computer The Servo 8 is a new very compact single board system which like the Lit tle Board fits onto the side of a 5 1 4 drive just as the original BBI fit onto the side of an 8 unit The Servo 8 is a 64K 6 MHz Z80 sys tem with a 1793 floppy disk controller It supports four 5 1 4 and four 8 drives simultaneously It also has a SASI inter face a connector for Mitsubishi 1 6 M byte drives a real time clock two serial ports 150 153 6K baud one centronics port and an expansion bus The Servo 8 requires only 5V at 1 4 amps Like the little board you must use an external monitor with the Servo 8 An expansion board with 128K and additional ports is also available Price for the computer is 495 in one sies with CBIOS object file CP M is 70 extra their cost For more information contact Servo Computer Company Box 566 Gold Beach OR 97444 503 247 2021 EXPAND YOUR PRO TENTIAL e HARD DISK ADAPTOR Allows you to add megabytes of storage Easy to install Includes complete software and documentation 95 00 singl
111. amage EPROMS Zero insertion force socket for EPROM Programs verifies and dumps in both ASCII and hex Edit buffer like DDT Saves hex and or image files to and from disk Saves or loads all or partial buffer Completely menu driven for ease of operation Commands of Test Read Display Save Load Program and more Check sum calculation All software on disk including well commented source code Detailed owners manual including schematic All chips socketed Not a kit Completely built and tested 48 hour dynamic burn in and test before shipment 90 day limited warranty on parts and workmanship 24 hour return policy on repairs Delivery from stock NOTICE TO PREVIOUS CUSTOMERS Send us your old disk and a suitable S A S E for your free copy of our new software ver 1 6 PROGRAMMER 4 WITH OWNERS MANUAL AND DISK 199 95 e oerom OPELIPACO Q e 1659 Scott Blvd Suite 1 P Santa Clara CA 95050 C 408 244 5214 VISA and MASTERCARD telephone orders welcome Please specify Disk format CP M 8 IBM format KAYPRO II XEROX 820 OSBORNE I others Please specify method of shipment UPS or Postal Service California residents add 6 Sales Tax Dealer Inquiries invited BORLAND 20 ogs GIFT P ACK A SAVINGS OF 30 What a gift for you and yout friends The extraordinary TURBO PASCAL compiler together with the exciting new TURBO TOOLBOX and new TURBO TUTOR All 3 manuals with
112. and cables for only 749 COMPLETE REPAIR DEPOT COMPUTERS FLOPPY WIN PRINTERS HARD DISC TERMINALS IBM PC XT Tandom Printronix Pertec Lear Siegler Comp Auto Shugart Centronics Diablo Hazeltine Kaypro MPI C ltoh CDC GTC Commodore Seagate Diablo Century Falco Xerox ll NEC Televideo We are a full service Sales Organization Call us with your peripheral requirements 714 850 9191 C HOELZLE ASSOCIATES INC 1399 Logan Ave Costa Mesa California 92626 50 Ea Micro Cornucopia Number 21 December January 1985 HARDWARE SPOOLER and INTERFACE CONVERTER 128 K PRINT BUFFER CENTRONICS OR SERIAL INPUT OUTPUT MULTIPLE PROTOCOLS 534 X 7 2 INCH BOARD 5 Volts at 75 Amp 12 Volts at 1 Amp SEs LNT The L BAND SYSTEMS hardware spooler is a Z80 based unit that provides a 128 K byte buffer and interface conversion between Cen tronics and serial Input and output may be either parallel or serial at various baud rates and with several protocols Multiple copy and single sheet feed are supported KEEP AN EYE OUT FOR DETAILS OF BARE BOARD with EPROM 2732 and program listings 39 95 SOG 85 DISK with program source 8 inch SSSD 10 95 MINI KIT board EPROM headers crystals less disk 59 95 PARTIAL KIT all parts EXCEPT RAMS 4 109 95 ASSEMBLED and TESTED BOARD 128 K 259 95 OE WALL MOUNT POWER S
113. and directly to dealers We haven t had much luck with distributors You see our discount stops at 45 per cent and that s on 1000 quantity COD We tried Software Distributors on 30 days net and they still owe us two month old bills So when SoftSell called we told them we d only ship COD They said We re SoftSell We told them we didn t care They told us they wanted a 70 percent discount and we told them no These guys are used to having people come begging to them Why should SoftSell get 70 percent discount That means that you could sell a product for 200 and only get 60 for it Their con tract is a joke they want the big discount and 90 days to pay You re financing _ SoftSell And everybody is kneeling in front of them When we sell mail order we get 49 95 and we get the money im mediately Of course the hackers will read Micro C or Byte and will buy mail order but there are a lot of people who won t buy mail order So how do you reach these guys You start a dealer network and our guy who used to sell Campbell s Soup now sells Turbo Pascal to dealers on the phone Believe it or not he doesn t know whata computer is but he knows how to talk to dealers He tells them that it s a hot product He s got six people on the phone all the time and if you take his canned pitch and changed Turbo Pas cal to Campbell s Soup he would be getting orders for soup Getting Started
114. appendix K I will briefly go over what is given there adding more de tail on the subtle but important points that aren t explained well enough in the manual The Inquisition There are three types of questions asked by TINST The simplest asks for a Y N response just type a Y for yes or N for no and DO NOT follow it with a CR gt carriage return The second type of question asks for a single number You can enter this number either as decimal _ by just typing the number or as hexade cimal by preceding the number with When entering a number you can edit your entry with the BS or DEL key To end entry of the number type CR The third type of question asks for a command string to perform some func tion such as clearing the screen TINST is more convenient than many other instal lation programs because you can enter the command string directly rather than having to enter a list of decimal or hex adecimal numbers If a command sequence is ESC you can type the escape key followed by the key and a CR carriage return ODh to indicate the end of the se quence Any control characters typed this way are echoed as ctrl cc with the exception of BS ctrl H DEL 7Fh CR ctrl M and ESC ctrl which are echoed as shown here All other characters are echoed normally One of the most difficult things about entering command strings is that there is no suc
115. array of at tributes for each displayed character The BBII has bankswitched memory switching the lower 32K between RAM ROM and CRT and the STD bus In the ROMI CRT bank addresses 6000 6800H are used for the display codes and addresses 7000 7800H are for the attributes You may access these di 7415 Leahy Road New Carrollton MD 20784 301 552 1295 rectly by manually switching banks from a routine residing in the upper 32K or you may use the monitor calls Study The Software Interface Software interface deals with how the monitor interfaces with the 8002 and what kind of function calls it makes available to the programmer If you look at your scant documentation you will find some single control character and escape sequences that control the 8002 First send a 26 code CRTL Z to clear the screen Control characters are sent by prefixing the code with a 31 Escape sequences provide cursor addressing graphics mode selection and character attribute control You will find on screen 1 the FORTH words to provide these functions Design The Graphics Package By now we ve read the documenta tion played with programming and ini tializing the chip and feel confident with this new knowledge The next step is to decide what functions we want to imple ment and to name routines to imple ment those functions For most projects the design phase ranges from 5 to 50 per cent of the total development time Be cause of t
116. ary A set of FORTRAN callable low level graphics primitives for scientific and engineering applications e Presentation quality high resolution graphics with 120 by 216 dots inch e Software generated text fonts data centered symbols uniform or proportional spacing string plotting with rotation and size scal ing capability 14 sets e Linear or Log scaled axes B B 183 B B SIMPLEX COMPLEX GOTHIC DUPLEX TRIPLEX e Vector graphics point to point plotting with user selectable origin and data scaling e Multiple plot frame pro cessing wv SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS Amplitude volts o CP M 8 bit system and MICROSOFT F80 FORTRAN with EPSON MX 80 GRAFTRAX PLUS interfaced on 8 bit parallel port 8 SS SD IBM format disks 44K TPA Transient Program Area minimum e ime a u TERMS 69 95 plus 3 00 shipping Mass l MicroGlyph Systems residents add 5 Allow 3 to 6 P O Box 1066 weeks for delivery Check or East Arlington MA 02174 M O USA and CANADA only Trademarks are EPSON of EPSON America GRAFTRAX PLUS of EPSON Amer ica CP M of Digital Research MICROSOFT of Microsoft IBM of International Business Machines Micro Cornucopia Number 21 December January 1985 29 SLICER Growing to meet your needs The Slicer System Expansion Board The Slicer REAL 16 BIT POWER ON A SINGLE BOARD Featuring the Intel 80186 Complete 8 MHz 16 bit microprocessor on 6 x12 board 256K
117. ations programs This arrangement not only provides more memory for programs but it significantly increases the speed of disk VO Internal Floppy Disk Controller MSC ICO handles Shugart ANSI standard floppy disk drives in a variety of sizes and formats 8 SSSD 243Kb 8 DSDD 1 2Mb 5 1 4 DSDD 320Kb 5 1 4 DSQD 800Kb 5 1 4 QHD 1 2Mb Up to four drives of any density or size can be con nected to MSC ICO Both 5 1 4 and 8 inch connectors are on board to make disk drive connections easy High Speed CRT Controller MSC ICO contains an 80 x 24 line memory mapped CRT controller Video output is composite or separate to match any monitor Attributes such as insert and delete New Items MSDOS Coprocessor 68000 Coprocessor Assembled Tested 80X24 LCD Driver Includes CP M 3 0 on disk Hard RAM Disk 312 Single Board Mountain Side Computer MSC 1IGO Video 128Kb CP M Plus and more Two R 232C Ports MSC ICO communicates with printers modems plot ters and other standard RS232C devices through its two serial ports These ports are independently pro grammable for baud rates stop bits data format and parity Synchronous communication on Port A is jumper selectable Centronics Parallet Port A standard Centronics parallel port allows MSC ICO to communicate with printers and other parallel devices Parallel Keyboard Port MSC ICO connects to any ASCII parallel keyboard of positive or negative
118. ay 5 CURSOR prompts you for cursor char you want 6 UMPIRE very fancy RAM test 7 ZSIDFIX display improvement for ZSID 8 PIPPAT modify PIP so you can reset system from within PIP 9 Lets you use the BB as a calculator including HEX 10 SORT sort package written in C80 USERS DISK 14 BB II Software 1 PRO32 latest 2732 reader amp programmer 2 SMODEM 2 lets BB II talk to Hayes Smartmodem 3 GRAFDEMO demonstrates BB II graphics in BASIC bail ae demonstrates BB II graphics in JRT Pascal 5 INITSIO initializes port B for 300 or 1200 baud 6 MENU displays menu of COM files enter number to run file 7 SETCLK sets realtime clock built into BB II 8 PRINT2 modified print which accesses BB II clock 9 BOX draws a thin line box on screen determined by HL and BC 10 ALIENS space invaders arcade game 11 LISTSET printer interface auto enables RTS ignores DCD USERS DISK 15 Word Processing 1 EDIT very fancy line editor similar to EX Unix Includes help menu programmable key and full manual on disk 2 TED simple minded line editor easy to learn amp use Very fast 3 TTYPE typing training program written in BASIC 4 TINYPLAN very simple minded spreadsheet Whets your appetite for a fancy one 5 C80 Text Utilities 6 CHOP cuts off file after N bytes 7 ENTAB replace spaces with tabs where possible 8 MS double or triple spaces a file to output 9 RTW removes trailing spaces from file 10 TRUNC truncates eac
119. bic Feet per Minute CFM An early bro chure I have on the MD11 says it is sup posed to havea 12 CFM fan But I discov ered that even a 12 CFM fan is really not big enough to adequately cool 85 watts Thermal Analysis Formula When doing thermal analysis I use a common rule of thumb formula con verted to degrees Fahrenheit that I learned many years ago in an engineer ing seminar 1 76 X Watts Semen ree Ao a an oa o o ae me 25 Rise in Temp deg C CFM At 85 watts this results in a minimum airflow of approximately 17 CFM for 20 F above room temperature At 12 CFM you could expect an approximate rise of 29 F Of course that s assuming your 12 CFM fan is delivering 12 CFM once it s in stalled continued next page UT TIME OUT OF MIND INTO MEMORY WITH MICROCRON Finally a real time calendar clock for the 820 820II and Big Board Time stamp files document rj outs Your computer need never ask YOU the time again We use an OKI clock chip with a lithium battery backup Crystal controlled to time resolutions of one second 12 24 hr format even keeps track of leap year Board simply plugs into parallel port It comes with software on disk and manual Please state type of system and 54 or 8 inch disk Let MICRONCRON put time out of mind into memory MC 1 with disk MC VISA COD CHECK P amp H 2 NYS ADD TAX Xerox 820 820 II trademark of Xerox 716 377 0369 PO BOX 81 PITT
120. but not quite having the money for an expansion board I have been thinking of some pos sibilities for other ways to chunk on an other parallel or serial port ways that involve small cash outlay Next issue I will discuss some of these ideas once I have had the chance to develop them If anyone has any ideas on such things Figure 1 CSEG Seek Routine CSEG SEEK LD INT 224 RET DSEG SEEKDESC DB 10 DW 0 A gt ddt86 rmodem7sl cmd 31755 xxxx 1755 44 66 xxxx 1756 E6 wnodem12 cmd DX offset SEEKDESC sreg DX ssave 1200 baud version Out keys the competition please get in touch with me SOON I have to have the next column finished no later than two weeks after you read this one Until then happy trails BIOS call descriptor call BDOS BIOS ftn 10 SETTRK DW TRACKNO reg CX track to seek not used for 1200 baud BB for 9600 etc Thinking about buying a key program You know the names all start with words H 66 6 like smart magic pro etc Looking for a faster easier way to calc Process words or databases Yes Then you owe it to yourself and your computer to check out XtraKey Quite frankly we think it s the best At any price And wait till you see our price Just like those other keys XtraKey lets you redefine your regular keyboard keys to be any thing you want A word a paragraph a series
121. ce and you can directly translate all keys on the keyboard to a different single character with no shift key need ed This makes possible a complete key board rearrangement such as the famed DVORAK layout for which a definition file is included Of course you might want to use this feature only to change a few keys on the keyboard which is pos sible by redefining only the keys you want to move Summary Figure 1 compares the three transla tion programs I have discussed All three are good values with only a few flaws here and there Most differences are probably a matter of personal opinion The price for The Backgrounder includes the CP M 2 2E enhancement package PluPerfect Systems Box 1494 Idyllwild CA 92349 Wordtech Systems PO Box 1747 Orinda CA 94563 Xpert Software 8865 Polland Avenue San Diego CA 92123 Micro Cornucopia Number 21 December January 1985 Figure 1 Translation Table Backgrounder WORDPAD Extras refers to features not directly connected with basic keyboard translation A POWERFUL 68000 DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT FOR YOUR Z80 SYSTEM CO1668 ATTACHED RESOURCE PROCESSOR 68000 Assembler Pascal C Compiler wi BASIC PLUS Forth CBASIC Fortran 77 APL 68000 6 MHZ 68000 CP M 68K 768K RAM 4x 16081 MATH CO PROCESSORS CPM80 RAM DISK Develop exciting 68000 applications on your current Z80 based CPM system using powerful mini frame like 32 bit programming languages And then ex
122. coiled cord connection to a detached keyboard INPUT OUTPUT The RS232 C serial port comes complete with a D SUB connector and will communicate at 110 to 19 2K baud The parallel printer port uses full handshaking and has a Centronics style connector Optional ports include two additional RS232 C serial ports or a 800Kbit networking port and one RS232 C port POWER REQUIREMENTS 5V at 1 5 amp and 12V at 0 1 amp SIZE 8 5 x 13 SOFTWARE ETOS II operating system CP M 2 2 compatible BIOS for 5 25 drives Kaypro II amp 4 format and a HARD DISK CP M is a registered trademark of Digital Research TERMS we ship C O D inside the U S A Prepaid Orders inside California add 6 sales tax freight extra company and personal checks please allow 3 weeks to clear Mastercard and Visa accepted ASSEMBLED AND TESTED BOARD WITH 64K of RAM 5498 PRICES Assembled and tested board with 64K ram Keyboard Main case Keyboard case Drives single sided Drives double sided Video display green 5V 3 amp power supply 12V 2 amp power supply Quiet fan Cable floppy disk 5 25 Cable 5 amp 12V power ou ccscssscsscosccssssccessssseentersorens woes 10 MB half high drive oo cesseesteeceeceseeeseees in Hard disk controller Hard disk cable kit Networking port 2 extra serial ports Br COMPUTER SYSTEMS 8161 BROADWAY LEMON GROVE CA 92045 619 466 1671 Micro Cornucopia Number 21 December January
123. company MITS had almost lost its shirt a year before when the bot tom dropped out of the calculator mar ket Of course once the article ran MITS was deluged with orders Their delivery was slow their quality was poor and their service was nonexistent However hobbyists were ecstatic MITS lasted on ly a couple of years it was killed by its undependable product and a gaggle of new competitors Early Software Alan Cooper and Keith Parsons want ed to write an accounting package to run on the early Altair computer When they found Gordon Eubanks the Navy man who had written BASIC E and released it to the public domain they proposed that he and they get together and really upgrade the language The development of Eubanks new BASIC was a crash project with sessions often running until 3 a m Alan Cooper Rt 8 Box 6A Chapel Hill NC 27514 would say something like Why don t you put a WHILE loop in Gordon would answer Sounds good to me and they d put it in Then Cooper and Parsons set out to make 50 000 a year their goal by founding Structured Systems Group and writing business software in CBA SIC of course for new Altairs Their first ad was primarily for CBASIC but it con tained a small mention of a 995 general ledger package at the bottom They figured that the only response to the ledger package would be complaints that it cost three times as much as the Altair When they go
124. complex but it generates a real COM file Everything is on this disk the compiler its source example programs and documentation USERS DISK 23 Xerox Utilities This disk contains Xerox specific utilities including a screen dump fromWayne Sugai with source modi fications for the SWP package including ZCPR anew monitor and a clock calendar from Mitch Mlinar and Jim Mayhugh s new monitor see issue 19 A very special disk for Xeroxers USERS DISK 24 Prowriter Graphics This is a complete Prowriter printer graphics package written by the same Micro C subscriber who wrote the MX 80 graphics package Plot points lines circles boxes and more Examples documentation USERS DISK 25 Z80 Macro Assembler This is a real Z80 macro assembler Syntax closely follows RMAC and MAC Also includes pseudo ops to support conditional assembly etc No phase or relocatable code USERS DISK 26 BBII CP M 3 0 Banked BIOS Winchester Support CP M 3 0 Banked BIOS implementation for the BBI Roy Epperson s software to support the Adaptec ACB 4000 SCSI and the Rodime R204 5 Winchester on the BBII see issue 19 Plus more Winchester programs USERS DISK 27 BYE Remote CP M System BYE programs to run your BBI BBII or XEROX 820 1 as a remote CP M system using a Hayes Smartmodem compatible modem Includes programs to allow restricted access USERS DISK 28 VFILER and Extended Single Density VFILER is a screen oriented fi
125. copia Number 21 December January 1985 70 sound too bad until you hear the rest First standard Xebec controller cards are showing up on discounters shelves for a little over 100 each 603S 10 meg drives are selling for about 395 and 5 meg Seagate units are going for around 200 Now don t call Bill and ask him where to get the drives Different surplus shops have them at different times The best way to locate these units would be to watch Computer Shopper or start asking around in your local CP M user group for the names of the local surplus shops The surplus houses such as Cascade Electronics or BG Micro purchase over stocked materials from original manu facturers For example they have drives at incredible prices as long as they last but when they run out they may not have drives at all for a while A lot of computer manufacturers have gone out of business lately and those that are still going are dumping their 5 meg drives and going to 10 or 20 meg Caveat Emptor Bill feels that Adaptec makes the best controller but it sells for over 200 The original Xebec 1410 controllers are gen erally available for 140 The 1410 really set the interface standard for controller cards Shugart came out with a copy of the 1410 called the SA1410 but the early Shugart units had some timing problems that made them less than compatible Shugart later replaced these early units with truly compatible versions but b
126. cro Cornucopia Number 21 December January 1985 368 El Gaucho Rd Santa Barbara CA 93111 Editor s Note Kaypro does not recommend that you pow er a system from any inverter that outputs square waves You see those little supplies inside the Kaypros are simply transistor switches driving a transformer Most switching supplies like the ones Kay pro has been shipping turn the AC into over 200V DC They use a simple doubler for 110V and go straight if you have 220V in your wall Then the 200V DC is used to drive a high frequency switching transistor which in turn drives small high frequency trans formers The outputs of these transformers become the 5V 12V and 12V supplies for your Kaypro Spikes on the incoming 110V or square waves can be really fun for these little diode doublers and transistor switchers So to be on the safe side Id either get an inverter that is filtered so it will output a sine wave or get a special filter for my inverter That way I d feel a lot safer about my precious system Figure 3 12V Relay Hold off O KAYPRO s o PERIPHERALS Parts List For Battery Backup Description PNP Transistor 276 2032 12VDC Relay 275 218 120VAC Relay 275 217 LM317T 276 1778 TL317LP 276 1762 Bridge Rect 276 1151 3A Diode 276 1141 Other Diodes 276 1120 DPDT Ctr off Sw 275 664 N C Pushbutton 275 1548 Indicator Lamp 272 707 18V 2A Trans 273 1515 200W 12VDC to 120 VA
127. d trademark of Digital Research Micro Cornucopia Number 21 December January 1985 35 Three Keyboard Translators Review By Philip Bond Tn an effort to make my Kaypro easier to use I have tried several translation programs which can redefine my key board characters CONFIG the freebie distributed with the Kaypro was useful enough to convince me that keyboard translators could be very handy For more on using CONFIG see Pro Files Magazine Vol 1 No 2 or Vol 1 No 4 might add that KSTROKES on Micro C disk K24 was not available when I was trying out the three commercial pro grams described below I still do not have a copy of KSTROKES so I cannot make a relative judgement However it sounds like a good compromise between CONFIG and one of the more expensive commercial programs The three programs I will describe are The Backgrounder WORDPAD and XtraKey Each cost between 40 and 50 All three of these translation programs do one job fairly well and in about the same way All the programs contain a translation table and a small amount of code which accesses the table The code and table are moved up to the top of the available memory TPA where they remain un removed to make room for an enhanced TYPE function Because the BIOS is altered any pro gram which makes direct BIOS calls may not work Perhaps for this reason a number of old reliable programs get flaky under CP M 2 2E Among thes
128. disks for 99 95 TURBO PASCAL Version 2 0 reg 49 95 The now classic program development environment still includes the FREE MICROCALC SPREAD SHEET Commented source code on disk e Optional 8087 support available for a small additional charge NEW TURBO TOOLBOX reg 49 95 A set of three funda mental utilities that work in conjunction with TURBO PASCAL Includes eae FILES USING B TREES Commented source code on disk i e QUIKSORT ON DISK Commented source code on disk e GINST General Installation Program Provides those programs written in TURBO PASCAL with a terminal installation module just like TURBO S NOW INCLUDES FREE SAMPLE DATABASE NEW TURBO TUTOR reg 29 95 Teaches step by step how to use the TURBO PASCAL development environment an ideal introduction for basic programmers Commented source code for all program examples on disk 30 DAY MONEY BACK GUARANTEE These offers good through Feb 1 1985 For VISA and MASTERCARD order call toll free 1 800 255 8008 1 800 742 1133 Lines open 24 hrs 7 days a week Dealer and Distributor inquiries welcome 408 438 8400 CHOOSE ONE please add 5 00 for handling and shipping U S orders _____ All Three Gift Pack 99 95 5 00SPECIALI All Three amp 8087 139 95 5 00 SPECIAL Turbo Pascal 2 0 49 95 5 00 Turbo Toolbox 49 95 5 00 _____ Turbo Tutor 29 95 5 00 Turbo 8087 89 95 5 00 Check Money Order VISA MasterCard
129. e ware of super deals on early Shugart controllers Meanwhile Everything is in an uproar in the win chester world Dysan is trying just to keep its head above water and a lot of the little companies that depended on Dy san to purchase their little sub as semblies have gone under The standard practice now is for drive manufacturers to design and prototype their new drives in the U S Once they are sure the design is sound and the units are manufacturable they move production overseas Ina very short time they have boat loads of new drives showing up on Pacific docks If the drives don t sell because of man ufacturing problems or lack of market then they get scrapped or sent to surplus dealers Bill is looking forward to getting some of the new 3 5 10 meg Rodimes He says Compaq and Televideo have been soak ing up all the production so far but Tele video has been doing very badly manu facturing problems and poor acceptance so its allocation may soon show up on the open market He also said he s watching to see if Seagate is going to start manufacturing its 100 meg drives The price should be around 1600 Technical Help In small companies like Micro C all technical help comes from the technical staff If we were to answer the increasing number of technical calls all day long we wouldn t finish any new designs and we wouldn t get a chance to write or edit technical articles So we are taking technic
130. e Ranch I bet you are wondering what all this has to do with FORTH The above article mentioned that Microtouch Systems Inc produces a continuously conductive touch panel that uses the Rockwell 65F11 FORTH chip for its control Many of these pointing devices are becoming smart and the use of FORTH as a con troller sounds like a good marriage Big Board II Graphics I ve always felt that BBII owners have gotten shortchanged Since one of my friends finally bought a BBII I ve had a chance to customize UNIFORTH to sup port the special features of the BBII This column will discuss implement ing a rudimentary graphics package for the BBII interfacing with hardware us ing FORTH I approach hardware software pro jects with a basic goal in mind first famil iarizing myself with the hardware then designing the software package to sup port it The steps taken in bringing such a project to fruition are listed below Have A Goal In Mind I know this is obvious but when you sit down at your computer you should have a goal It directs your investigation and makes your time much more pro ductive For our example the goal is to create a basic graphics package that makes optimum use of the BBII s built in video Look At The Hardware Architecture Each chip manufacturer publishes a product data book detailing the chip specifications and programming consid erations If you owna Big Board I highly recommend obtaining a
131. e another new group of Micro C subscribers Many of these however are already old hands Microsystems Microsystems magazine begun in 1979 by Sol Libes has had the same kind of supportive readership that we have had Originally the magazine was called S 100 Microsystems and it helped guide the S 100 system through its infancy and to ward its current maturity In the process S 100 Microsystems attracted a loyal fol lowing of very technical people As the computer market moved away from the S 100 bus Sol dropped the S 100 prefix and began shifting the empha sis from hardware to operating systems CP M 80 CP M 86 MSDOS and UN IX and systems software He was hop ing to expand the audience there are on ly a limited number of really technical folks and remain viable in this rapidly No 21 changing marketplace During this period along came Ziff Davis a giant publisher looking for ways to make inroads into the burgeoning computer market Microsystems seemed just the ticket and Sol well he was much more interested in writing and teaching than in publishing anyway so he sold the magazine We magazine types don t need offspring we have our publications which are just as ornery and spiteful and fun as kids ever dreamed of being Ziff Davis installed some new expen sive talent and made Microsystems a real high class operation complete with salesmen bingo cards and special sub scription d
132. e are such programs as MODEM 7 WordStar UNIFORM and PIP The PPS manual al so indicates that 2 2E will not work with hardware modifications such as ROMs speedups or graphics enhancements This incompatibility is the main reason I am no longer using The Backgrounder Anyway The Backgrounder does much more than key translation In the background mode it lets you run DIR ERA or TYPE while in the middle of a program like PIP You can also add other modules such as a screen dump note pad simple online editor for notes while in another program I did not install these modules often because of the er ratic way WordStar worked when they were in memory The Backgrounder is easy to use but the setup is not for the casual operator WORDPAD 27 Sharon Dr Spring Valley NY 10977 any To remove the layouts entirely you have to RESET the computer The master diskette contains versions for the model 10 as well as for 2 and 4 You get a master layout called WORDKEY COM sample layouts for WordStar and Perfect Writer with a set of keytop labels and SETKEY COM You use SETKEY to create your own lay outs XtraKey XtraKey is the best translation pro gram I ve seen and is the one I now use XtraKey by Xpert Software is apparent ly compatible with all the CP M pro grams I have and according to the man ufacturer it should work properly with most hardware modifications specifical ly 5MHz speedup kits video attr
133. e board and S 100 systems MICRO CORNUCOPIA is published six times a year by Micro Cornucopia Inc P O Box 223 Bend Oregon 97709 SUBSCRIPTION RATES 1 yr bulk rate 1 yr first class 1 yr Canada amp Mexico 22 00 1 yr other foreign 30 00 Make all orders payable in U S funds on a U S bank please 16 00 22 00 ADVERTISING RATES Available on request call Alice Holbrow CHANGE OF ADDRESS Please send you old label and new address SOFTWARE HARDWARE AND BOOK VENDORS We would very much like to re view your software Single Board and S 100 products Send materials to the Review De partment Micro Cornucopia SESE A E E S CP M is a trademark of Digital Research Inc Copyright 1984 by Micro Cornucopia All rights reserved MICRO CORNUCOPIA December January 1985 Putting Ink On Paper Those of you who have been with Mi cro C over the years and those of you who have waded through most of the back issues have followed the growth of Micro C from a 16 page light weight to this 70 page catalog At least they feel like catalogs when we re hauling more than 3 000 pounds of them to the post office Well we re still going and growing thanks to a strong core of contributors and a very responsive group of Kaypro owners who are just as excited about the technical details of their system as us old timers Well as you will see there will soon b
134. e eee eee ee eS CSG ARR ERED ORO 8 SORAR EERE OSD OS RDS SR ps ERT CM Re te Se ee Oe PAREN BU E PE R Ki xt PR Se RSC S a GRENAS EE EN AAS TAARE ence the Big 64K KIT BASIC 1 0 SIZE 8 2 x 13 IN SAME AS AN 8 IN DRIVE REQUIRES 5V 3 AMPS 12V 5 AMPS 24 x 80 CHARACTER VIDEO With a crisp flicker free display that looks extremely sharp even on small monitors Hardware scroll and full cursor control Composite video or split video and sync Character set is supplied on a 2716 style ROM making customized fonts easy Sync pulses can be any desired length or polarity Video may be inverted or true 5 x 7 Matrix Upper amp Lower Case FLOPPY DISC CONTROLLER Uses WD1771 controller chip with a TTL Data Separator for enhanced reliability IBM 3740 compatible Supports up to four 8 inch disc drives Directly compatible with standard Shugart drives such as the SA800 or SA801 Drives can be configured for remote AC off on Runs CP M 2 2 TWO PORT PARALLEL I O OPTIONAL Uses Z 80 PIO Full 16 bits fully buffered bi directional Uses selectable hand shake polarity Set of ali parts and connectors for parallel I O 19 95 REAL TIME CLOCK OPTIONAL Uses Z 80 CTC Can be configured as a Counter on Real Time Clock Set of all parts 9 95 DOUBLE DENSITY ADAPTER BOARD 149 95 A amp T Requires no cuts or MODS to an existing Big Board Gives up to 670K storage on a single sided 8 in diskette With so
135. e or more bytes any HEX value can be assigned to ANY key though it is easiest to use the keypad keys There is no theoretical limit to the total number of bytes assigned to keys but the practical limit is dictated by the amount of disk space and TPA you want to reserve for definitions XEDIT the XtraKey editing program has certain limits for individual strings depending on how much memory you have but longer strings may be created without XEDIT The layout can be creat ed directly using an editor or an existing ASCII text file may become a long string 36 Micro Cornucopia Number 21 December January 1985 Keys may also be temporarily redefined on the fly within any program Since the output from Kaypro keypad keys is distinctive those keys do not re quire any special prefix key to have an assigned string sent to CP M If you are going to redefine the keys on the main keyboard you must also define a special shift key if you also want to be able to use those keys to output their regular characters You must enter your special shift key before a key will be translated For this reason I suspect Kaypro users will probably want to program keypad keys almost exclusively Both the Kaypro and general versions of XtraKey have some unique features You can turn your printer on and off from within any program you can clear the screen you can prevent certain char acters from going to the screen nulls for instan
136. e unit quantity e CP M 3 0 BIOS UPGRADE Allows installation of CP M 3 0 giving you a faster more powerful system 50 00 single unit quantity e ALAN NETWORK local network for Kaypro computers OEM DEALER INQUIRIES WELCOME Quantity Discount Available Call to order or for information FDS HUNTINGTON DATA SYSTEMS ALAN is a trademark of Huntington Data Systems Inc Solutions that work For you 307 SIXTH STREET HUNTINGTON BEACH CA 92648 714 960 7498 ETIS LA T for an article in Micro Cornucopia e find it FAST with the Micro C index 29 95 check or Money arder gets you the Index two games a solar siting program and a home heatloss audit program Games solar siting and heatloss audit program require MBASIC Formats 8 SSSD or 5 SSDD for Kaypro Xerox Osborne Morrow and Superbrain SPECIAL HAYES COMPATIBLE 300 BAUD MODEMS 155 00 The Logical Connexion 629 NW 10th Corvallis OR 97330 503 754 8647 5 10pm Pacific Time Monday Friday MBASIC is trademark of Microsoft Inc Kaypro is a trademark of Kaypro Corp Hayes is a trademark of Hayes Corp Micro Cornucopia Number 21 December January 1985 71 continued from page 3 Dear Editor l I just finished putting my system to gether and it works great I am using the big board a Power General switching power supply an Electrohome monitor a Jameco keyboard and two FD100 8 drives It a
137. e way down in the middle of the source code near the state ment IF SLICER If you like you can edit that file and reassemble it to make a ver sion of MODEM 7 that runs at a different baud rate but if you don t want to spend that much time on it you can get the same results by making the patch in Fig ure 2 with DDT86 See the baud rate table on page Moni tor 16 of the Slicer manual for values needed for different baud rates If the number at location 1755 isn t 44h then you don t have the same version of MO DEM7SL so you can t make this patch TTL Serial Port My system is a real hodge podge of odds and ends picked up here and there Since I don t have a serial terminal I must unfortunately use my Bigboard as a terminal when I am running my Slicer One of my roommates has a Zenith ZT1 terminal so I hooked it up to the Slicer The only problem was that the ZT1 is set up to connect directly to the phone lines through an internal modem and the 64K DRAMs 200 NS max 4 each or 8 28 Removed from new boards Tested and guaranteed functional AMBER SCREEN MONITORS These monitor assemblies work beautifully with a Xerox board with minor modifications instructions included Non composite 20 MHz bandwidth Require 12V DC only May have slight scratches on screen 55 each postpaid COMPONENTS BY THE YARD These components were taped for automatic insertion into com puter PC boards May include tantalu
138. e with a 1 1 2 X 9 thin sheet of plastic Now if you don t have adequate air flow into the rear I suggest you tempo rarily operate your MD11 or other sys tem without its case until you can re place the fan Choosing a Fan I first decided to replace the present supply houses and in ads in the back of electronic hobbyist magazines MD11 Installation Instructions To get power to the fan I used the orig inal MD11 power cord and ran it through the fan housing you could also purchase a new power cord if you don t want to destroy the original they re about 5 00 I cut the cord about 8 from the end that normally would connect to the computer and ran both pieces of the cord into the side of the chassis box through clamping grommets Ialso mounted a new toggle switch be low the air intake of the fan housing so I could control power to the fan and the computer Now the power cord comes into the box to power the fan and it leaves the chassis box to power the MD11 The computer s power switch is always left on and main power is con trolled by the new toggle switch The Chassis Box Make sure that one dimension on your new chassis box is no greater than 4 otherwise it will not fit between the top of the MD11 and the auxiliary RS 232 connector Conversely the box also C01686 ATTACHED RESOURCE PROCESSOR MS DOS 2 11 8086 CP M 86 8087 768K RAM CP M 80 RAM DISK For ANY Z80 Based CPM S
139. e with two wires crimped in it Circuit Board Wiring Side Select Locate the pad labeled E40 on the component side it s at right of U73 Now flip the board over to the foil side Cut trace from U73 5 to ground bus Add wire from U73 5 to solder pad E40 Side Select Add wire from U73 6 to J6 32 NOTE J6 pins are even numbered from bottom to top on the inside column Labeling is on component side J6 32 therefore is the second pin from the top inside column See directions under Speed Up for in stalling a 2732 Monitor ROM If you haven t done it do it now Now you need to add a four drive de coder If you ve bought one from Micro C follow the instructions and install it If you re rolling your own decoder this is your big chance to make the drive select lamps behave the way they always should have Locate the blank DIP outline labeled U75 near J6 It s made to order for this application Use your solder sucker to clean out the 16 holes Install a 16 pin socket orient ing the notch like all the other ICs Sol der pins 5 6 7 9 10 11 and 16 to hold it in place Wire it according to Figure 3 and the following table Wiring Table Cut trace from U71 6 to J6 12 Old Drive B Select Cut trace from U71 8 to J6 10 Old Drive A Select Add wire from U71 6 to U75 14 Drive Decode 0 Add wire from U71 8 to U75 15 Drive Decode 1 Add wire from U81 2 to U75 13 Motor On Figure 1 Pin Nu
140. e write or call for additional information including our new flyer and voice synthesizer Write or call Busch Computers 447 Blohm Street West Haven Ct 06516 Phone 203 933 9383 2716 first 500 orders Conn residents add 7 2 Sales Tax 74 Micro Cornucopia Number 21 December January 1985 FLOWCHARTER SITAR LATS END OVERNIGHT 42452484822243 v 442444433222 3 START ON LINE 7 28443282323234 v 8984428242 x BRANCH SIGN ON t t 24444882888328 v SURERESESSEREEASS DAILY REPORT 3 PRODUCTION 4 3 328 73283 t 8 preeaneeesseeee 4 WEEKLY amp YES g REPORTS Po a E t t t s No lt n na v 7 or 2 sesaesasessssitss 2 t MONTHLY amp YES PRODUCE MONTHLY TS amp 8 8 REPORTS g 3 s3 foes wt ANNUAL 8 Y y3PRODUCE ANNUAL amp Dg 4833 EasyFlow is a program which helps you to produce neat accurate flowcharts You des cribe the flowchart using a simple flowchart description language EasyFlow then pro duces a complete flowchart EasyFlow is excellent for describing procedures of all kinds not just for programming Fast 12 seconds for a typical chart Command language easy to learn Easily adapts to all printers Standard flowcharting shapes included User defined shapes easily added User selected line drawing characters Charts up to 5 by 11 shapes in size Explicit meaningful error messages Fully documented
141. eals Its goal was a total circu lation of 100 000 newsstands and sub scribers It turns out that per copy printing costs drop dramatically when you run 100 000 copies At that number a four color 120 page magazine costs about 60 cents per copy That s less than it costs us per copy to print a 72 page black and white Micro C Anyway Microsystems circulation peaked at about 50 000 which may be two copies for every S 100 system in the country so the December issue will be the last Sol was devastated when they told him The Wall Street Journal just reported that Ziff Davis has put 25 of its business and consumer magazines up for sale including Car and Driver Popular Pho tography Travel Weekly and Stereo Re view The article indicated that Ziff was not selling any of its computer maga zines what s left of them So Ziff Davis appears to be putting its corporate house in order and in the proc ess the computer community is losing an institution I m very sorry to see it go But New Columns In Micro C Just when you thought that Micro C was already chock full of columns nuts we announce two new ones Sol Libes has agreed to do a column for us He will be writing about public domain software and he should certainly know continued on page 70 1 Dear Editor We want to thank you for the mention in Issue 20 On Your Own We re sorry you don t approve of the name of our company BEE
142. ecks Must Clear 2 Weeks Price amp Configuration subject to change without notice NETWORKING THE KAYPRO Since December 1983 Adevco has been shipping the WEB networking system for Kaypro computers We have thousands of satisified users worldwide Now Adevco intro duces a new Kaypro local area network system that is 100 compatible with the Web meet the LAN ROVER SOME LAN ROVER FEATURES Acomplete easy to install system for any Kaypro model includ ing pre configured software Network can extend beyond 3000 feet without repeaters Optimized for highest performance with Kaypro computers Full security system with encoded passwords Log on run programs save files to any disk drive on the network Printout to any printer on the network from inside any applications program Low cost per computer Write or phone for more information or the name of the nearest dealer We will send article reprints describing an Adevco on site installation of a 200 megabyte network system using more than 20 Kaypro 10 computers Full technical specs included The Best Accessory You ll Ever Buy For Your Kaypro ORDER FROM TWIST INC P O Box 1406 Renton WA 98057 ADEVCO INC 3790 El Camino Real Suite 329 Palo Alto CA 94306 415 493 7466 F Kaypro is a trademark of Kaypro Corporation Look what only 479 95 adds to your KAYPRO 2 or 4 REVERSE VIDEO REDUCED INTENSITY
143. ecute them at speeds that will shame many 100K plus minicomputer systems The CO1668 ATTACHED RESOURCE PROCESSOR offers a Z80 CPM system owner a very low cost and logical approach to 68000 development You have already spent a small fortune on 8 bit diskette drives terminals printers cards cages power supplies software etc The CO1668 will allow you to enjoy the vastly more powerful 68000 processing environment while preserving that investment C01668 ATTACHED RESOURCE PROCESSOR SPECIAL FEATURES e 68000 running at 6 Mhz e Easily installed on ANY Z80 CPM system 256K to 768K RAM user partitioned between e CP M 68K and DRI s new UNIX V7 compatible CPU and RAM Disk usage C complier w floating point math standard Up to four 16081 math co processors feature Real time clock 8 level interrupt controller Can be used as 768K CPM80 RAM Disk amp proprietory I O bus e Optional Memory parity e Available in tabletop cabinet No programming or hardware design required o Delivered w sources logics amp monolithic for installation program development software e Optional 12 month warrantee e PRICES START AS LOW AS 899 00 for a CO1668 with 256K RAM CPM68K C Complier Sources Prints 200 page User Manual Z80 Interface and 68000 System Development Software For further information about this revolutionary product or our Intel 8086 Co Processor please send 1 no checks please or call Hallock Systems Company Inc RES
144. els most are four will load your existing power supply no more than the two original drives Or you can do all three If you plug in four half height double sided 96 TPI drives you get more than 3 Megabytes total usable capacity for about 540 if you purchase TEACs from California Digital see the back of BYTE I replaced just one of my Tandon drives with two half wides so I have three units in my system You can do the speed up and add the extra drives yourself All you need is in formation tools parts and a little skill Useful Back Issues For background information read the following issues of Micro Cornucopia For the actual wiring I suggest following the steps below Issue 12 page 24 The Kaypro Col umn the original speed up article Issue 15 page 14 Great Eight Kay pro converting your Kaypro II to a 4 and the 4 to an 8 Issue 18 page 3 Letter from Greg De Hoogh 2732 chip select page 24 The Kaypro Column cutting traces and sol dering on the speed up and page 26 The PRO 8 Plus 4 MC s monitor ROM and 4 drive decoder You should also get a copy of the Kay pro schematic from Micro C 20 00 In addition a useful instruction book let comes with Micro C s Pro 8 Monitor ROM More about the ROM later Not For Beginners If a lot of monkeys on a lot of typewrit ers will eventually produce a Hamlet then it seems to follow that if you keep hooking up wi
145. ely With SpellSys you can setup and maintain your own custom dictionary in addition to the main dic tionary These are real dictionaries not hash tables so you edit or remove words from your own dictionary at will MNICragcaNp Micro Cornucopia Number 21 December January 1985 Lotay fla LOGICAL DEVICES INC 1 800 EE1 PROM 331 7766 FLA 305 974 0967 e TELEX 383142 LOGICALTX 1321E N W 65th PLACE FT LAUDERDALE FL 33309 IT S EASY TO USE Just enter SPELLSYS select which disks you ll use and file you re checking Then SpellSys takes over Everything is self prompting so sit back and relax Word Review Operations show Context in file Lookup word in dictionary Misspelled correct file to putin user Dictionary Ignore Next word Previous word Exit review or any other key displays menu ORDER AT NO RISK Check out the manual and if you don t agree that SpellSys is a super bargain just return the package with the disk un opened within 30 days and we ll refund your money SPELLSYS 29 95 ppd in US amp Can Other Foreign add 5 00 Requires 32K CP M Formats 8 SS SD or 5 SS DD for KayPro Xerox Osborne Morrow Superbrain CP M is a trademark of Digital Research P O Box 65 Bend OR 97709 MC 503 382 8048 Visa r RRM Micro C works because itis a central information exchange for What information would you like
146. em just went away But the real hassle was a poor IC sock et contact Evidently the pressure of ohm meter probe was enough to make it look good on the static test but it wasn t mak ing contact otherwise I found that one only after borrowing a logic analyzer Before I could make any sense of that however I had to find someone to list out the EPROM and disassemble some of it by hand Thus I got by with a lot of help from my friends but the ecstatic items in Micro C were no help at all Couldn t you have a department What to do while waiting for the bleep Among other things you could print listings of EPROM s Now I start scraping up money for a keyboard and disk drives But looking ahead I see things I don t understand CAL TEX sent mea disk which I hope I can still find but I didn t yet buy CP M Are the User Disks which you sell stand alone or do they assume CP M If the latter is there no way to proceed without spending 150 I mean legally of course R W Hartung 408 Orchard East Lansing MI 48823 Editor s note All of our disks assume CP M I mean ei ther we have to spend the 150 or you have the spend the 150 At 12 to 15 per disk it wouldn t make much sense for us to spend 150 each to put CP M on them continued on page 72 ne Micro Cornucopia Number 21 December January 1985 3 Analog To Digital Interface By Don Fletcher I developed an incubator data acquisi
147. er will be changed to Nothing This will only work if it is the first character on the line so be careful what you type Terminal Commands The only command that must be de fined for the editor to work properly is the CURSOR POSITIONING com mand The screen lines and columns must also be defined but the other com mands simply make it run faster and more efficiently The questions asked follow a general order of most to least important with the exception of START END HIGHLIGHTING Without these commands you cannot see what block of text the block commands are going to affect most inconvenient but still pass able If your terminal cannot highlight char acters then you can substitute the com mand for entering and leaving any other alternate video mode just be aware A I I I I A I I I EE I EE TIE Micro Cornucopia Number 21 December January 1985 16 that normal text is printed in highlight ed mode and special things like marked blocks of text are shown as normal This means that if you have a terminal with reverse video you should give the command to return to normal video for START HIGHLIGHTING and the com mand to enter reverse video as the END HIGHLIGHTING command This seems a bit backwards but if you do it the other way the entire program you are working on will be displayed in re verse video except for the marked block of text and any special characters that happen to be in
148. es A thru W depreciation and more Pro fessionally used for tax planning and what if tax calculations Includes complete instructions and for mula listings Send 29 95 VA residents add 4 sales tax to Walker Financial Services Inc P O Box 161 Woodstock VA 22664 703 459 5453 Keyboards for Computer Builders 83 keys full AS CII upper lower case all control characters numer ic pad CAPS LOCK Repeat self test Brand new hundreds sold already to builders of Apples BBs Xerox 820s Parallel output positive TTL logic strobe Uses only 106ma of 5V Custom case avail able 90 day warranty unmodified Keyboard 35 Documentation 21 pages cable package 5 Spare custom CPU ROM 4 UPS included Call SASE for detailed spec sheet Electrovalue Industrial Inc Box 376 MC Morris Plains NJ 07950 201 267 1117 FREE EPROM When you purchase our EP 1 or EP 2 Eprom programmer for your Kapro II or IV We feel that our programmer is the best in its price range Introductory price for the EP 1 is just 99 95 plus 5 00 shipping and handling Here are just some of the features of our programmers Easy to use menu driven soft ware Programs 25 2716 25 2732 and 2764 Eproms Once installed programmers need not to be removed and do not interfere with Kaypro operation eStore and retrieve files on drive AorB True Eprom burn verification Includes program disk and full documentation Pleas
149. es that can be adapted to imple ment lines circles filled boxes pie and bar charts The rest is up to you One More Thing Unfortunately I wasn t able to attend the FORTH Interest Group annual meet ing in November or the FORTH Modifi cation Laboratory FORML meeting I m certain some of you attended and hope that someone will send me a sum mary so I can pass it along to other Micro C readers Micro Cornucopia Number 21 December January 1985 49 IN SEARCH OF THE PERFECT TERMINAL Refer to Micro Cornucopia Review October 1983 Page 7 It took some probing but we located the Falco TS 4 terminal as described by David Thompson last year in his article In Search Of The Perfect Terminal and we have them in STOCK Why by a dumb CRT when you can buy a SMART CRT for the same money Through an exceptional purchase we have obtained a large but limited quantity of this fine terminal The Falco TS 1 is the type of CRT which will allow you to GROW Give us a call today to reserve your new CRT When you buy from CHA you can buy with Confidence With years of experience in the peripheral marketplace we are proud of our two Guarantees First a 90 day product guarantee on parts and labor and second a 10 day money back guarantee We also have a supply of seagate ST 412 Winchester Drives IBM compatible for 275 IBM Winchester sub system shugart 712 with controller
150. et updated as the data files are changed Basically however the Turbo Access routines can maintain a da ta file and the index file or files associated with it First a record is added to the data file Then the index file is updated based on the contents of the key Although the key does not need to be part of the data record it is a lot easier to reconstruct a trashed index if it is Updates and deletions are performed in the opposite sequence You access the index in order to locate the record Then you can retrieve the data It is never nec essary to access the data file more than once to get a record And depending on the memory available and the applica tion you might not have to access at all when you are searching the index I did not construct a large test database for performance testing but did set up a program for maintaining a club s mem _ bership records I had been maintaining those records using the key index facili ties of JRT Pascal V 3 0 The Turbo Access system is slightly slower than the JRT system but significantly more flexible Turbo Access allows for duplicate keys and multiple index files This way you can construct a very complex database For instance a maga zine article database could be cross refer enced using indexes for subject author source language processor and the like The example program BTREE is by it self worth the price of the package If you are at all familiar with p
151. f the file and output the results to the screen Timing was from the Run command to the time the first sorted record was output to the screen I used a 4 MHz Big Board with SWP dual density 8 disk controller using 1024 byte sectors Records sorted Time min sec 00 05 6 200 00 10 9 250 00 38 8 300 02 30 8 400 03 59 2 1000 20 13 4 The times are quite respectable until you start using disk space I did not have any other sorting utility for comparison but the results seem to be reasonable The sort is easy to use and flexible enough for any application Turbo Access Turbo Access is the B tree indexed file handler It is NOT a database manager like dBase II butit provides the file inter face to allow you to write your own data base handler Using Turbo Access is not a trivial task since you need to under stand B tree structured indexes The manual contains enough information about B trees for the intermediate or ad vanced programmer Turbo Access uses separate index and data files The data file is a standard se quential file with the first record re served for Turbo Access use The index 6245 Columbia Ave St Louis MO 63130 314 645 1596 file s contains the B tree structure along with pointers to records in the data file Index and data files are updated by inde pendent routines within the Turbo Ac cess system This makes the system flexi ble but you have to make sure that all the relevant files g
152. fan works Using another tissue make certain that the air is entering from the rear and blowing into the MD11 This slightly fil tered air must blow out of the front of the disk drives rather than pull dust in Assuming this worked turn the switch off and plug the short end of the cord into the back of the MD11 Turn on the switch If everything was wired properly you should be back in busi ness Replace the cover and operate a cool computer t Results With this arrangement the tempera ture between the hard disk and the pow er supply reaches a maximum of 28 F de grees above room temperature a far cry from the 70 degree rise before And the rest of the computer stays at about 10 degrees above room temperature The 25 CFM fan pulls about 22 CFM Since I added the fan six months ago my MD11 has been used an average of 10 hours a day and so far I wouldn t trade it for twice the price If anyone out there knows of a direct replacement 20 30 CFM 12 VDC fan for the MD11 at a reasonable cost please do the other MD11 owners a service and send the part number and supplier infor mation to either me or Micro Cornuco pia Below is a list of parts you will need to cool your system And if you d rather not search for everything yourself TIl sell you the complete kit for 52 95 Write to the address at the top of the article to order or for more information MD11 Top View With Fan Installed POWER SWITCH S gt 2 M
153. ftware to patch your CP M 2 2 PFM 3 3 2K SYSTEM MONITOR The real power of the Big Board lies in its PFM 3 3 on board monitor PFM commands include Dump Memory Boot CP M Copy Examine Fill Memory Test Memory Go To Read and Write I O Ports Disc Read Drive Track Sector and Search PFM occupies one of the four 2716 EPROM locations provided Z 80 is a Trademark of Zilog Digital Research Computers OF TEXAS P O BOX 461565 e GARLAND TEXAS 75046 e 214 225 2309 TERMS Shipments will be made approximately 3 to 6 weeks after we receive your order VISA MC cash accepted We will accept COD s for the Big Board only with a 75 deposit Balance UPS COD Add 4 00 shipping USA AND CANADA ONLY TRADEMARK OF DIGITAL RESEARCH NOT ASSOCIATED WITH DIGITAL RESEARCH OF CALIFORNIA THE ORIGINATORS OF CPM SOFTWARE 1 TO 4 PIECE DOMESTIC USA PRICE MICRO CORNUCOPIA P O Box 223 Bend Oregon 97709 503 382 8048 Editor amp Publisher David J Thompson Operations Manager Myron Pogue Assistant Editor Rebecca Ozrelic Graphic Design Barbara Smiley Technical Department Dana Cotant Eric Roby Tony Ozrelic Laine Stump Advertising Director Alice Holbrow Staff Assistants Dorcas Dsenis Tracey Braas Cary Gatton Carla Miller Secretary Christina Donaldson MICRO CORNUCOPIA is the systems jour nal supporting systems programming lan guages and builders of singl
154. gain off again sort of thing Does that mean it s an irregular feature Anything non technical especially anti technical is fine just as long as it has some culture Renewals Fold Actually there has been an increase in renewals folks have been increasing them right before inserting them into the envelopes but a few have complained about the size of the renewal form very large versus the size of our return enve lope very small After a number of folks wrote to us in dicating that their most difficult design project was getting their completed re newal form into our envelope I decided to come up with a definitive procedure to handle this important task and I have tried to document it to military specs Insertion Procedure 1 Fold renewal form in half reduces it from 8 1 2 by 11 to 8 1 2 by 5 1 2 2 Fold the result in thirds reduces the form to 2 5 6 by 5 1 2 3 Insert folded piece into envelope 4 Make sure payment is enclosed the most important step Uninsertion Procedure 1 This procedure is classified Cheap Hard Drives Bill Siegmund is an expert on two sub the winchester drives so I called him after a Hamilton Avnet salesman came through Xebec has announced the Owl which is a5 meg winchester with a built in win chester controller Xebec has not an nounced the price but Bill thinks it will be in the 500 range Well that doesn t es SPR SS SS SS SE SSS ESE A TSG TAP SA Micro Cornu
155. h a small space are very costly This means that most people will probably still choose to go with the origi nal but at least we ll have a choice I haven t heard anything yet on pric ing or availability No word yet on the 8087 co processor board that I talked about last issue either but you ll know as soon I find out anything Software Workshop One of the things I need for my Z 80 emulator program which by the way has been stalled by my mandatory schoolwork is the ability to make direct BIOS calls In CP M 80 this is simple just look at memory location 6 to find the address of the bottom of BDOS and use that to compute the location of the BIOS jump table then CALL that address Micro C Staff Things get a lot more complicated when working with CP M 86 Since your program may be executing any where in the 1 Mbyte address space you must do a CALLF CALL Far to get to the BIOS saving both the IP Instruction Pointer and CS Code Segment regis ters on the stack in the process This would be just fine if BIOS routines ended with RETF RETurn Far instructions but they all end with plain RETs short returns not even many happy returns and RET assumes that only IP was pushed onto the stack when the routine was called Apparently the folks at DR knew that someone would want to bypass the op erating system a poor practice that should be avoided whenever possible so they added a BDOS call to remedy the sit
156. h line to specified length 11 WRAP wraps at column 80 plus pretty pretty printing page s USERS DISK 16 BB I Modem Software 1 RCPM27 list of U S bulletin boards 2 SMODEM interfaces BB I with Hayes Smartmodem SE NRO easy to use with non CP M host for port 4 BBPAT menu selection of BAUD rate bits char parity amp stop bits 5 MODEM 7 Modem 7 plus BBPAT lets you talk to anything from port A USERS DISK 17 Small C version 2 SMALLC2Z this substantially expanded version of Small C now includes for goto label switch case external declarations new preprocessor commands expanded I O includes redirection initializers plus 12 new expressions The I O and runtime libraries have been greatly expanded including printf Source amp documentation on one full disk USERS DISK 18 FORTH IFORTH this is Idaho FORTH which can be burned into ROM or loaded from disk It replaces the PFM monitor amp handles all the monitor functions See issue 11 FORTH column for more info about IFORTH and this disk 8 Users Disks 15 00 each USERS DISK 19 BB I Double Density New BBI Monitor BIOS character ROM Winches ter Interface ZCPR and formatter from Trevor Marshall See BB I expansion article in Issue 11 USERS DISK 20 Assemblers CROWEASM This is the Crowe assembler modi fied so that it runs on any CP M system including the BB I BB II Xerox Includes COM Z80 and DOC files LASM This asse
157. h of it on users disks So long for now See you at SOG IV Editor s note It s been great Jack we ll miss having you in Micro C but we ll still look forward to seeing you and Wickie here in Bend next July Micro Cornucopia Number 21 December January 1985 52 Figure 2 User Supplied Procedure For Sort Routine REM mev oo ao am an on nee User Supplied Procedures For Sort Routine constant MaxSize 10 REM the higher the better but not more than 255 dim string 9 List MaxSize 1 Comment Dimension an array for each record element such as dim string 25 Name MaxSize 1 dim string 25 Address MaxSize 1 dim string 25 City MaxSize 2 and SO ON End dim integer NextPtr MaxSize 1 dim byte Vacancy MaxSize 1 var InfilePtr OutfilePtr integer REM Just include these three statements as is var ImpossiblyBig string 9 ImpossiblyBig z Comment ImpossiblyBig should be a variable of the same type as your comparison string and impossibly big end procedure ReadFile Infile i integer read Infile InfilePtr List 1 Comment Be sure to have this read each of your record elements such as this read Infile InfilePtr List i Name i Address i City i end end procedure WriteFile Outfile i integer write Outfile OutfilePtr List i Rem Set this up like ReadFile end function Less item1 item2 var Less byte if List item1 lt List item2 then Less I else
158. h thing as backspace once a key has been hit there is no return If you for get and type a BS or DEL it will be taken as part of the command you are entering So it is a very good idea to get out the reference guide for your terminal and go through the list of questions given on pp 231 233 of the manual for terminal installation and pp 11 13 for editing command installation Write down the answer to each question ona sheet of pa per so that you will be ready and make no mistakes if you slip up just once you have to do the entire installation over again It is also helpful to STOP after each prompt and read the question Some questions aren t asked if others are left blank so you can t count on being able to type in your prepared answers exactly as you have written them down Some characters must be entered as strings of numbers see p 230 of the Tur bo manual The most obvious example of this is CR TINST interprets CR as its end of line command just like CP M To get around this you must type 60D OD hex or 13 decimal instead Note if you enter part of a command in decimal you must enter all of it the same way For instance the Kaypro 10 and the new II 84 and 4 84 have a bug in the terminal driver that causes the insert line command to behave strangely When the command is given the current line is broken into two lines at the cursor position TURBO expects the entire line
159. hard and abrasive Manufacturers add a lubricant to the binder the oxide parti cles are suspended in a binder coat the base material with the oxide and binder and then they polish the surface of the disk Some disk surfaces are so smooth that you can see your reflection in them others like Maxell are rough and abra sive Testing Disk manufacturers grade their disks by testing them The highest grade is double sided quad density the lowest grade is single sided single density Just because a disk is only tested on one side single sided doesn t mean you can t use both sides They just haven t checked the back side and they don t guarantee that the back side will work Otherwise they are the same single sid ed are polished on both sides just like the double sided Just because a disk has passed a dou ble density test doesn t mean that it wouldn t have passed a quad density test again it depends a lot on the basic quality of the untested product We have had success formatting and using some standard double density disks in 96 tpi applications When disks work perfectly in quad density it means they should work more than perfectly in double density at least that seems rea sonable to me Enhance Your KAYPRO CP M 2 2E Enhances any version of CP M 2 2 Includes FASTCOPY improved TYPE command PUBLIC features type ahead buffer and more Plu Perfect Writer Enhancements for the Perfect Write
160. have them Most new drives come with terminators installed remove them from all but the last drive 42 Micro Cornucopia Number 21 December January 1985 My Tandon terminators are contained in a single blue colored DIP The Mitsi s use a soldered in DIP terminator with 7 individual plug in jumpers right next to it To disconnect the terminators simply remove the jumpers Data Control To install your newly purchased 34 pin connector onto the ribbon cable pull off the back and then press the back and front together with the cable in between You can take your ribbon cable into the shop and have them do it with their spe cial crimping tool or you can do it your self with a small vise Be sure to align the connector carefully with the wires in the cable The hardest part is getting the connector separated It takes two peo ple one to probe with a small pointy tool in the latch holes and another to cuss or discuss Power Note the double wires in the power connector for your uppermost existing drive To daisy chain power to your new drives remove the last connector with single wires discard the pins and in stall new pins with two wires crimped in each Be sure to get the right wires to the right pins When you copy the existing wiring note that the connector is keyed to mate only one way Daisy chain the green ground wire in the same way Cut off the last push on connector and installa new on
161. he graphics power built into your Kaypro Computer Until now accessing Kaypro graphics required advanced programming efforts Now the REMBRANDT Business Graphics Toolkit gives you three easy to use tools that allow even the most inexperienced user to quickly master Kaypro graphics RGRAPH enables quick and easy creation of business BOARD is the full screen graphics editor for your graphics including horizontal and vertical bar charts pie Kaypro computer Create graphic screens save and recall charts and xy plots scatter graphs KGRAPH uses hand them to and from disk Layout forms design logos draw entered data or reads numerical data from just about any pictures It s easy and fun to use source including dBase II spreadsheet Mbasic and Wordstar files XBRIEF produces electronic on screen slide shows with absolutely no programming required KGRAPH and KBOARD files are easily sequenced using nine special effects REMBRANDT is complete with printer routines so graphics can be reproduced on virtually every dot matrix or daisy wheel printer REMBRANDT the Complete Business Graphics Toolkit costs just 79 95 A demonstration disk is just 5 00 applicable to the purchase price See your Kaypro dealer for a demonstration For Kaypro 2 84 2X 4 84 4E 4X 10 12X and Robie Make your KAYPRO computer IBM PC compatible for 29 95 READ WRITE and FORMAT more than 25 different types of disks including IBM PC DOS MS DO
162. he simplicity of this project the lower percentage figure is more reason able Write down the functions you want the package to perform In this case sim plicity reigns I just want to be able to enter an x y pair and have a dot plotted on the screen Then break up each of these functions into building blocks In our example you must initialize the graphics generator such as clearing the screen you must get the user to input the X Y coordinates you then break the X Y pair into a character cell and the position within that cell and you must actually display the points on the screen Your breakdown should continue un til each block is one short FORTH word Then carefully assign the name for each block so you can read the final program and understand it I tend to program quick and dirty While there may be an easy way to use the row column offset to pick an 8 bit code that will plot that pixel I decided to use the offsets as indices into a lookup 48 Micro Cornucopia Number 21 December January 1985 i 1 BBII Graphics Package 1 27 EMIT 77 EMIT 48 EMIT ASCII MODE set ascii mode 27 EMIT 77 EMIT 52 EMIT NORMAL GRAPHICS 27 EMIT 71 EMIT 56 EMIT NORMAL TEXT 27 EMIT 71 EMIT NO SCROLL 27 EMIT 46 EMIT SCROLL 27 EMIT 46 EMIT 13 GOTOCR 48 EMIT R 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 T 8 9 50 EMIT 48 EMIT 15 lt gt table to select the correct bit pattern I added a by
163. hoping for 2 0 or better but I will report on it in the next issue PC Board Of course even if you have MSDOS you still can t run most of the popular PC software packages that directly access the PC s video memory So Slicer is de signing the PC Board an add on board that gives you IBM compatible video as well as some card slots for plug ging in all those neat PC accessories It is in the prototype stage right now and the last time I talked to the folks at Slicer they told me it was up and running with Concurrent CP M no less so it should be on the market soon Son of Slicer Slicer has an interesting new model based on the 80188 186 with 8 bit data bus It has all the same features of the original Slicer but through the use of VLSI Awesomely Very Large Scale In tegration the board has shrunk to the size of a5 drive This is also the size ofa winchester controller card so you can now stack the two boards on top of a winchester drive add a terminal board and a flat panel display and have a com plete system that fits into a briefcase my spare time project for 1985 This system wasn t actually developed for the hobbyist market it was designed for an overseas OEM who is going to base a portable computer on the board Due to different design goals the board will be somewhat more expensive than Papa The problem is that all those new chips that made it possible to fit all the features into suc
164. housands of products systems termi nals monitors drives cards printers modems software accessories supplies Single report only 9 95 save 33 order year s service six for 39 80 All postpaid and guaranteed from Owen Schultz POSTROAD PRESS INC 635 Day Avenue 3SW Roanoke VA 24016 SUMMER SALE Morrow Smith Corona Qantex printers terminals Alpha Micro 3M telex 5 win chester drives Xebec Cromemco Otrona Wicat send for list Polygon Industries PO Box 24615 New Orleans LA 70184 504 282 5372 1200 300 auto dial auto answer modem Hayes compatible 249 300 baud modem 89 DA TASHEILD Backup Power Source 200 Watts 259 B W Systems Box 9791 Austin TX 78766 512 225 8350 EPROMS 2716 2732 2732A new amp used Send two 20 cent stamps for listing NANFA PO BOX 88703 Emeryville CA 94662 ELECTRONIC PACKAGING DESIGN Printed cir cuit boards cables and wiring enclosures docu mentation assembly prototypes Send for informa tion Aerotronix Dept MC 45961 Private Shore Mt Clemens MI 48045 XEROX 820 II mother boards brand new 269 612 636 5103 after 5 p m 565 Redwood Lane New Brighton MN 55112 Garage Sale Microswitch hall effect Keyboards 20 12 monitor w enclosure 30 8 drives 75 820 II board 225 Everything works Lots of S 100 boards SBC s cheap Ask for list Noor Singh 1059 E New York Dr Altadena CA 91001 818 794 8730 8 Shugart compat
165. ias Hare Benchmark test data see below tou ll find SUPERSPEED for all disk access iction with this multiprocessing Electronic AM Disk Comes with memory space iser selectable from 256K to 1 mb has lual centronics connectors optional xternal power supply design This RAM lisk can be configured as drive A or D runs it 6mhz operates as printer buffer while imultaneously storing and retrieving data to he RAM This add on will be a real time aving asset to your Kaypro 2 4 2 84 4 84 socketed without RAM chips 199 00 ssembled amp Tested 256K 512K 1mb eb GN OO _ SCALL for current price JS Add 5 00 shipping nternational Add 15 shipping k e Time in Seconds o 2 5 MHz Kaypro 4 MHz Kaypro 4 MHz Kaypro 10 Load i S Load ee oo 3 p Load z Reale 19K PO PIE 10 19 00 9431 25 Page down Saree COM 0 30 Bok 93858 Load 6 57 7 19 6 20 37 5 30 53 17 55 6 60 2 69 255 As you can easily see even a 2 5 mhz Kaypro with RAM disk is faster than a Kaypro 10 using a hard mre A 4 mhz Kaypro gm RAM disk is significantly faster TLC LOGO is a registe TLC LOGO is ie Saibi ie all Kayoros with ictal graphics Ze 4 84 10 No modifications required This Standard Version uses the internal screen has 16 000 pixel resolution multiple turtles multi processing vectors and many LISP commands 99 95 COMPOSITE VIDEO GENERATOR Allo
166. ible drives 70 Cherry PRO keyboard case 40 Lots of good BB related stuff cheap List available on request Noor Singh 1059 E New York Dr Altadena CA 91001 818 794 8730 Xerox 820 II disk drive adapter Allows connection of dual 8 and 5 1 4 drives at the same time You choose any 2 one line to upload or download soft ware Free color photo We are experts on the Xerox PC We modify WordStar for your needs Install ZCPR 2 2 Contact us for any special needs Merit Computer 1658 Westport Rd Merritt Island FL 32952 Kaypro Software Memory Bugout Isolates defec tive memory chips for easy repair Pays for itself with first failure Assembly Language 19 95 Mail List Create and maintain your personal business mailing list Prints mailing labels menu driven easy to use 34 95 Abrams Consulting custom Kaypro software 9615 Cecilwood Dr Santee CA 92071 CA residents add 6 Xebec 1410 Winchester controllers 2 Tested to Seagate Ampex and Rodine hard disks 160 for 1 300 for 2 Harry Siegmund 808 536 4624 Telex TWX Communications Program for Kaypro or Xerox Also terminal program 4 84 internal mo dem versions available Specify computer and an swer back when ordering 49 95 CA residents add 6 sales tax Michael G Veilleux 1110 W Winston Dr Santa Maria CA 93454 805 922 3318 Income Tax templates for Kaypro with Perfect Calc Updated for 1984 CPA designed computes 1040 Schedul
167. ibute and graphics kits and the Micro C Pro Monitor ROM They thought a RAM disk might have problems depending on how it was implemented However other key translation programs are likely to have problems with a RAM disk too so there is no real disadvantage here XtraKey is also the only low cost pro gram I ve tried which is compatible with molested by programs or warm boots When the operator hits a key that is supposed to be translated the program gets the replacement character or charac ters from the table and substitutes them for the keystroke The Backgrounder The Backgrounder is a product of Plu Perfect Systems PPS which also sells the PluPerfect Writer enhancement for Perfect Writer The Backgrounder must run under a special version of CP M written by PPS called CP M 2 2E There in lies The Backgrounder s greatest strength and weakness CP M 2 2E is really a series of patches to standard Kaypro CP M 2 2 in the CCP BIOS and BDOS A complex but completely documented and prompted session copies your master CP M disk onto a blank disk then patches CP M and certain utilities Since some stand ard Kaypro utilities do not work correct ly with 2 2E new utilities are provided to replace FORMAT COPY BAUD and CONFIG The replacement for CCP is based on ZCPR but with some functions My next attempt to find the best low priced translator program led me to WORDPAD by Wordtech Systems For the capabi
168. ications needed FULLY SOCKETED 64K RAM Uses Industry standard 4116 RAM s All 64K is available to the user our VIDEO and EPROM sections do not make holes in system RAM Also very special care was taken in the RAM array PC layout to eliminate potential noise and glitches Z 80 CPU Running at 2 5 MHZ Handles all 4116 RAM refresh and supports Mode 2 INTERUPTS Fully buffered and runs 8080 software SERIAL I O OPTIONAL Full 2 channels using the Z80 SIO andthe SMC 8116 Baud Rate Generator FULL RS232 For synchronous or asynchronous communication In synchronous mode the clocks can be transmitted or received by amodem Both channels can be set up for either data communication or data terminals Supports mode 2 Int Price for all parts and connectors 39 95 BASIC I O Consists of separate parallel port Z80 PIO for use with an ASCII encoded keyboard for input Output would be on the 80 x 24 Video Display BLANK PC BOARD 89 95 The blank Big Board PC Board comes complete with full documentation including schematics the character ROM the PFM 3 3 MONITOR ROM and a diskette with the source of our BIOS BOOT and PFM 3 3 MONITOR FEATURES Remember all this on one board 64K RAM SEMI INS e EEDE ERS pa ke EENE EEEIEE RARS PPE ERA COREN ERD A FE Fg Nata eee es SA ate se ey SSO WANT MORE INFO Full Documentation and Schematics 5 ETRE ERE ROM ERM ERK SNR CoM eee eee ee oe ee ee ee e
169. ide a plastic washtub for safety I used a small 0 1 A regulator to pro vide the reference voltage for the 1 5 A regulator After charging the batter overnight so I knew it was fully charged I adjusted the current down almost to zero This current of course increases steeply as the battery voltage drops The two diodes and 330 ohm resistor are intended to clamp the 1K resistor be tween the diodes for left right volt age drop only The 3 amp diode keeps the battery from discharging through the charger when the charger is off The maximum charging rate is 1 2 amps Fast Demand Circuit The inverter draws 2 amps when it is just sitting around buzzing no load That seemed like a losing situation since my supply was only 1 2 amps so I cooked up the fast demand circuit in Figure 3 The diodes isolate the small 4 7 uFd capacitor from the rest of circuit When a power loss occurs the voltage on this ca pacitor drops quickly turning the tran sistor on Since the transistor is in series with in verter connect relay the relay only ap plies 12V when needed I ve forced a switch over with the pushbutton many times without loss of data but have not yet had a real line voltage drop The pushbutton is near the keyboard and if the lights flicker I m sure my reflex will be to manually force a switch over before something more exciting hap pens Figure 1 Battery Backup Circuit WALL POWER Mi
170. igh Reliability 1 year limited warranty High Efficiency 75 typ New design is very quiet Quick response OVP Fold Back current limiting Drop out immunity for up to 250 mS without battery Uninterruptable with addition of battery pack Built in battery charger Very Small 3 5 H 10 0 L 4 25 W FERGUSON ENGINEERING 817 640 0207 P O BOX 300085 ARLINGTON TEXAS 76010 Micro Cornucopia Number 21 December January 1985 Cr on s s e nanane lo ll l Uses Z80 Z80A or Z80B family of components Dual RS232 serial I O W Current loop option on the A chan nel both strappable as terminal or modem in the RS 232 mode 16 programmable Baud rates on each serial ehannel 32 bits of buffered parallel I O assignable on 4 bit boundaries W Strappable Handshake Polarity 2xZ80 PIO 4 Channels of counter timer 4 inputs 3 outputs Accommodates 16K mix of RAM or ROM or EEPROM on 2K boundaries in 2716 or 2016 or Xicor EEPROM 2 3 x 10 sea of holes prototyping area on 1 grid All I O is mode 2 interrupt compatible Watchdog timer for long term unattended operation ROM monitor and source listing Assembled and tested 4 Mhz LB 1 TERMS Master Card VISA add 3 money order cer tified check UPS cash COD Allow 2 weeks for personal or company checks to clear Shipping handling extra Texas order add 5 tax 59 E CALL WREN M rs WORKSTATION PE Noe il Computerfone by Wren e Z 80 4MHZ e 514 8 o
171. ing to use M80 and Mac The man uals are impossible to understand Reimar Goetzke Box 543 Lynden WA 98264 Editor s Note Sorry We don t know of anything specifi cally for M80 Since M80 is a Z80 or 8080 assembler you might try some of the books on programming the Z80 This will give you a better perspective on how an assembler is used making the job of learning M80 easier Dear Editor My husband and I built a Xerox 820 and are interested in corresponding with others who have done the same The system worked well fora while but now we are having disk drive problems We d like to meet with other people from New York to compare problems and solu tions Robin and Louis Sommo 33 Bay 14th St Brooklyn NY 11214 Dear Editor While my broken fingers are mending after trying to play ALIENS at 4 MHz I m writing to give a work of caution re garding CPU s I got an SGS Z80A in a JimPack With the cover off the Kaypro II it works fine at 4 MHz but with cover on and the unit warm it won t run with out bugging up the works even at 2 5 MHz Also at 4 MHz my disk has seemingly unlimited capacity Using D COM to read the directory I find that no matter how much space I have used I always have 195K left Could this be my new PRO MONITOR or when I get a Z80B will the bytes left be correct A question for the SLICER guru s oh how I envy their smarts will it be able to run progra
172. into the monitor thanks Earl To copy a disk with the monitor you must first put the source and desti nation disks into their drives say drive A and B and type the following command DNO D DN1 D DTO0 lt er gt This tells the monitor to reset both drives establish the format of the disks and set the track pointer to 0 Now that the system knows what it is working with we can execute the copying loop DNO DS1 DM80 0 DR1A DN1 DS1 DM80 0 DW1B 1A amp This command first reads a track 1Ah sectors from drive 0 A then writes the same sectors to drive 1 B The DW com mand given here tells the monitor to write 27 1Bh sectors on a 26 1Ah sec DECEMBER SPECIALS tor track This bumps the track pointer up to the next track The amp symbol is the monitor s REPEAT command and tells the monitor to repeat the preceding command until a CTRLC is typed After all the tracks are copied error messages will start appearing on the screen just type CTRLC and you will be back to the monitor prompt If you want to use this routine for copying other for mat disks just substitute the number of sectors per track for the occurrences of 1A Then add one to that number and substitute it for the 1B Remember though that you cannot do a track for track copy between disks with different formats Fast MODEM7 The MODEM7SL program on Slicer disk 2 is set up to run at 300 baud This is done by a routin
173. ircuit take a few moments and send it to Micro Cornucopia It s fun try it HIGH PERFORMA MONITOR yo BALL BCX 200 HP Monitor 12 P31 Green Non Composite Separate Sync Re quired 27 MHz Video Bandwidth 12 VDC 1 5 A e Vertical Sync 47 82 Hz e Horizontal Sync Jumper Selectable e PERFECT FOR BIG BOARD II WHEN USING 9x11 CHARACTER SET NEW with schematic shipping weight 10 Ibs MONITOR ONLY 62 50 PLASTIC ENCLOSURE as pictured above Size 17x 14x12 Room inside for mounting above monitor power supply amp S B C e PERFECT FIT FOR XEROX 820 1 BOARD NEW SHIPPING WEIGHT 12 LBS ENCLOSURE ONLY 40 00 KEYBOARD amp ENCLOSURE 80 key X Y scanned microprocessor controlled ASC II encoder kit ROM source code supplied 17x8 5x3 New with schematics weight 8 Ibs KEYBOARD ENCODER KIT ENCLOSURE 60 00 Regulated power supply 6 outputs 5v 4A 12v 0 2A 24v 1 2 A 24v 0 2A 15v 2 6 A 14x4x3 10 Ibs New REGULATED POWER SUPPLY 35 00 ARKON ENGINEERING PO Box 1390 Palm Bay FL 32905 305 676 5153 TERMS Prepaid or UPS COD CASH OR CERTIFIED CHECKS ONLY Figure 3 ADC Driver Routine Big Board Xerox 820 I ADCO804 driver ra Board is connected to the General Purpose PIO port A as output controlling the scaling MUX the channel select MUX and the start of conversion input into the ADCO8
174. isk K2 Utilities Really oodles of spiffy eo little and big programs kooo to help you get full use of w your KayPro ee ZESOURCE COM A true o Zilog format disassembler for ee 8080 and Z80 object COM ko files Now you can turn COM files into MAC files UNERA COM Simply enter UN ERA followed by the name of the file you just erased and presto the erased file is backl A lifesaver FINDBD54 COM Checks an entire disk reports bad sectors and then creates a special file containing those sectors You save a bundle on disks CAT2 This a group of programs which create and maintain a single directory of all the programs you have on all your disks Even keeps track of which programs are backed up and which aren t UNSPOOL COM Use your KayPro II and print files at the same time Doesn t slow down system response DUMPX DU 77 COMPARE SUPERSUB FORM FEED DIR DUMP and all have documentation on disk KayPro Disk K3 Games KayPro Disk K4 Adventure This disk contains one 191K game Adventure ADV COM This is the latest greatest most cussed adventure ever devised by half mortals This is the 550 point version so the cave is greatly eo expanded and the creatures are much smarter KayPro Disk K5 KayPro Disk K6 MX 80 Graphics Word Processing Utilities KayPro Disk K7 KayPro Disk K8 Small C Version 2 Compiler Small C Version 2 Source KayPro Disk K9 KayPro Disk K10 ZCPR Assemblers KayPro Disk KI k Library amp
175. ity in the video display Changes 1 Remove U37 bend out pin 11 and reinstall This disconnects the blink clock from the video circuit 2 Connect U25 pin 2 to U25 pin 7 ground to re enable the normal scan line blanking 3 Jumper U37 pin 12 to U74 pin 11 This latches the attribute bit and makes it available during the dot output portion of the video cycle an incredible learning tool Byte For only 95 Q C is a ready to use C compiler for CP M with com plete source code Here s what BYTE May 1984 said Q C has a portable library and produces good code quality If you want to learn compiler construction techniques or modify the standard lan guage Q C is the obvious choice e Source code for compiler and over 75 library functions e Strong support for assembly language and ROMs No license fees for object code Z80 version takes advantage of Z80 instructions e Q C is standard Good portability to UNIX Q C has casts typedef sizeof structure initialization and function typing It is compatible with UNIX Version 7 C but doesn t support long integers float parameterized defines or bit fields Call about our new products Q C profiler Z80 code optimizer and Z80 as sembler and virtual linker all with full source code tHE CODE WORKS Q C CP M Z80 and UNIX are trademarks of Quality Computer Systems Digital Research Zilog Inc and Bell Laboratories respectivel
176. juxtaposition of the ad and the column as well as the timing does look suspicious but we get calls almost daily from prospective advertisers wanting to know if their product will be reviewed in the next issue They want to advertise in the issue with the review and of course they want their ad opposite the review even though they are only hoping that the review will be favorable A few manufacturers when sending a re view sample have asked to have final edit ona review I have returned those products with out looking at them Other times I have got ten word that a review I ve received from a reader was written or edited by the manu facturer Those reviews were canned RR a Aw EPI I HID ASTI ET ES TE PRN IS BI PS E I II IT ET INTEL I RAE EOE TE IIE IEE TOOT ET E BE TET TOE TITY Micro Cornucopia Number 21 December January 1985 73 The following folks are reaching you for only 20 cents per word If you would like to reach the same audience send your words and 20 cents for each to Micro Cornucopia Public Domain UG Library Software Rental CP M UG Vol 1 92 on 46 8 Flippies 45 00 SIG M UG Vol 1 192 on 96 8 Flippies 99 50 PICONET Vol 1 34 on 17 8 Flippies 25 00 Pascal Z UG Vol 1 28 14 8 Flippies 25 00 UG Games 20 Vols of the best ones 25 00 UG Modem 20 Vols of the best 25 00 UG Business 20 Vols of the best 25 00 UG Utilities 10 Vols of the best 25 00 Rental is for 7 days after re ceipt
177. kind of response we got We thought maybe we would sell 300 or 400 Start up Costs A printer agreed to give us credit so when we placed the ad we already had 5 000 manuals in hand I had two months to pay for them Probably we could have started the company with about 20 000 or 30 000 without credit But when you have too much money you spend it If we had had 30 000 we would have bought a hard disk based machine instead of floppy based and we would have bought a copier instead of going next door for copies If you don t have money you become creative It sounds stupid but the problem most of those venture funded compa nies have is they are spending someone else s money and they are spending it for dumb things You know a company called DayFlo Their ads say Garbage in information out They paid 35 000 for a company to tell them that they should change their name from Gilchrist Software to Dayflo Ashton Tate paid 250 000 to produce the ad for dBASE III You know Turn the page we re going to doa number on you That was just for the artwork How To Do Ads Don t use ad agencies First when they place ads they take 15 percent on top of what they pay the magazines Sec ond they don t know what the hell soft ware or hardware is Then they ll hire a graphics person and charge you 25 per cent more than they pay out So you should do what we do handle everything in house We do the ads lay
178. l fee System Requirements Z80 CPU with 60k or greater CP M 2 2 driving one of the following printers or any printer fully compatible with one on this list Epson MX 80 with GRAFTRAX Epson RX 80 Epson FX 80 IBM Graphics Printer Gemini 10X C Itoh ProWriter or any OkiData dot matrix printer having the OkiData Plug n Play chips installed Unmodified OkiData printers are NOT supported ORDER AT NO RISK When you receive GRAF 2 0 check out our extensive MICROCOMPUTER SYSTEMS CONSULTANTS illustrated User s Manual If you don t think GRAF 301 North Harrison Street 2 0 satisfies your requirements return the manual CN 5279 Suite 228 and the unopened disk to MSC within 21 days for a Princeton New Jersey 08540 full refund of the purchase price Terms Send check or money order for 29 95 5 00 shipping handling per copy of GRAF 2 0 to MSC at the address above Be sure to state what printer you own and what disk format you want Kaypro SSDD 5 1 4 or standard SSSD 8 Nd residents add 6 sales tax Outside US and Canada add additional 5 00 for postage Micro Cornucopia Number 21 December January 1985 51 SBASIC Column By Jack Rodenhi This will be the last regular SBASIC column I will be writing I have just opened my own CPA office and it seems things that were easily done a month ago take lots of extra attention this month I have also become a fairly rabid and rap id Turbo Pascal user Background Ibought
179. l work normally Use caution with this command Next time I will discuss all the moni tor entry points especially those that Xerox told us to avoid QP M QP M a replacement for CP M 2 x is now available QP M is fully compatible with CP M but is much more powerful Like ZCPR you can setup a common user area where the system searches for un found programs l Overlay files such as those used by Wordstar SuperCalc etc can be ac cessed from ANY user area provided they exist in the common user area QP M uses Z 80 code and optimized disk routines for increased speed Several utilities are supplied including IN Figure 1 820 11 Monitor Commands Command Format Boot drive A A L lt disk drive gt C lt start addr gt lt end addr gt lt dest addr gt e Boot system Copy memory Display commands Display memory Fill memory Goto location Host terminal Input port Memory test Modify memory Output port Printer protocol Set baud rate Typewriter Read sector Verify memory Write sector M lt addr gt STQPM PIPQ and STATQ Also sup plied is a compatible copy of ZCPR a public domain program complete with source code The primary benefit of QP M is auto matic time date stamping of files By us ing the built in real time clock in your 820 BB or Kaypro QP M will stamp each file with the current date and time whenever written The BACKUP utility backs up ONLY those files which have been modified or
180. ld con tinue to fall However the software pub lisher can still expect to make a reasonable profit Borland International may be the first company to fit all of the above criteria Their products are all well written rea sonably priced promptly shipped and run on a broad base of computers I ex _ pect Borland to be around for some time with a growing line of products Regarding piracy quality software of fered at a reasonable price should be char input from kbd needs no lt CR gt Or tgt ty Micro Cornucopia Number 21 December January 1985 purchased not stolen Only through sales of its products can a company be successful and every company that fails is a loss to us all I won t strain my own credibility by telling you that I ve never gotten an unauthorized copy of a pro gram On the other hand anything I ve looked at and have felt was necessary or useful I ve purchased The copy of dBase II someone gave me has not been used since I tried it out For what I m do ing I can t justify the price For those of you on a tight budget there are megabytes of public domain software available for minimal copying fees Much of it is poor but there area lot of excellent programs available some better than the equivalent commercial product XEROX 820 USERS NEED MORE 1 0 2 PIO S 1 SIO SASI INTERFACE SOUND GENERATOR REAL TIME CLOCK USES THE NATIONAL 5816
181. le connection scheme allows for further expansion i Free Catalog Dealer Inquiries Welcome RAMdisk software provided COM and MAC for SWP DD or standard DRC CBIOS It installs a 250K drive M and patches the MM58167 as the clock display The patch can Professional Affordable be easily modified for other types of CBIOS Also included are system checkout and PLOTPRO Scientific Graph Printing Program 49 95 utility software ACNAP Electronic Circuit Analysis Program 49 95 SPP Signal Processing Program 59 95 All parts except delay line are easily obtainable We provide source lists Pro quality schematics on two large blueprints for easy reference 96 computers and formats including IBM look alikes 8087 co processor slightly more and Apple with 99 95 Bare daughter and main boards solder masked and silk screened CP M Include 3 00 9 00 Foreign shipping and documentation and 8 in SSSD software disk handling with each program California add 6 16 95 Delay line s Shipping and handling add U S A 5 00 Canada 8 00 Sorry no other exports BV Engineering Box 3429 Riverside CA 92519 714 781 0252 Check or money order only no CODs Delivery stock to 6 weeks Saar ee ee For free 5 page spec sheet please write or call Rivendell Audiocomp P O Box 28937 San Diego CA 92128 Rivendell Audiocomp Custom Audio and Computer Design 619 451 3424 BIG VOICE KIT NOW FOR XEROX 820 BB B 1
182. le manipulation utility similar to SWEEP CLEAN and DISK Also Larry Blunk s documentation and software for implementing extended single density 334K on eight inch disks MICRO CORNUCOPIA P O Box 223 Bend Oregon 97709 Fire In the Valley Book Review By Charlie Berry The book Fire in the Valley is the story of the microcomputer and its develop ment This new book captures the excite ment of the early 1970s when engineers were engineers and hobbyists were hob byists and they worked together to cre ate a computer revolution Authors Freiberger and Swaine have written a series of short vignettes each a self contained insight into the people and events that shaped and are still shaping this incredible field Early Hardware Two magazines Popular Electronics and Radio Electronics were most instru mental in spreading the word on the new hardware On July 1974 Radio Elec tronics published an article on the Mark 8 computer based on the Intel 8008 chip complete with plans Popular Electronics made its entry into this field in its Janu ary 1975 issue with a cover story on the Altair computer based on the newer In tel 8080 chip It turned out that the Altair on the cov er of Popular Electronics was actually an empty box sound familiar A shipping problem prevented the first Altair from arriving in New York on time The Altair was available in kit form from MITS a struggling Albuquerque electronics
183. lities WORDPAD might seem a little overpriced but the concept is beautifully simple and it is virtually im mune to hardware and software con flicts The only problems I had were with programs like UNIFORM and DDT which also relocate themselves into high memory Loading such programs can lead to strange halts or runaways There are several potential limitations which may not be a problem for many people Only the keypad and cursor keys may be programmed but the key pad hyphen key is used as a shift so you can define up to 35 strings Each string is limited to 15 characters and defined strings can contain only those characters which can be input from the keyboard If your application needs special charac ters for instance with bit 7 set this pro gram will not handle it Each keyboard layout is a small inde pendent COM file occupying 2K on a Kaypro 4 Calling up a layout displaces the one which was previously in effect if machines other than Kaypro Hear that Big Board users In addition to versions for existing models of Kaypro the mas ter diskette contains a version for other CP M machines If you order the univer sal version only the price is 39 95 The Kaypro version for 49 95 includes a screen dump routine and a special key pad and cursor key translation routine Editor s note there is also supposed to be a Big Board version that adds the screen dump to the universal version for 49 95 Strings of on
184. ll worked the first time with out a single problem I then added a solid state relay to the disk motors Micro C 2 with no problem You may be thinking that I have been deprived of the debugging pleasure that is supposed to come with a big board project but when I connected my H14 Heath kit printer it did not work so which gave me several hours of pure joy I used E8BIOS HEX on user disk 9 to set up serial port b for the heath printer since I am a novice and don t really know what I m doing I just followed the in structions on user disk 2 to install it It worked except that the printer uses an XON XOFF protocol and the bios on user disk 9 is using the CTS RTS hard ware protocol I created an f com file just like the one on page 5 of micro c 2 I set the baud rate at 300 which is slower than the mechanical speed of the printer that way the printer buffer never filled with char acters After using f com for a few days I decided to try changing the baud rate in the bios I used the PFM monitor and changed the baud rate byte from 07 1200 to 05 300 I then sysgened the code back onto drive A I also installed Wordstar so I could send you this letter It works great too I contribute the success of my project and this happy moment to Micro C A novice would have a rough time without it Dan Wise WA4BBU RT 2 Box 914 Kings Mountain NC 28086 Dear Editor I d like to see someone come up with CP
185. m and monolithic capacitors signal diodes resistors etc 3 yard or 10 yards 25 Please buy a few yards so we don t go buggy sorting through them and get a good mix of components MONOLITHIC BYPASS CAPACITORS 1uF 50V 8 1 or 100 10 047uF 50V Use instead of 1 and save 10 1 or 120 10 6 8uF or 33uF or 39uF 35V tantalum capacitors 5 1 or 60 10 FANS 3 6 5 7 RFE Asstd Line filters 3 RFE We plan to develop hardware software products for the 820 and BB Users group inquiries welcome Fine print All items new unless removed from eqpmt RFE and subject to prior sale Add 3 for postage handling and insurance VISA M C or check with order 20 minimum on credit card orders please We buy surplus electronics Finders fees paid SOUTHWEST COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS 3232 SAN MATEO NE SUITE 104 ALBUQUERQUE NM 87110 or 505 293 8176 296 2738 32 Micro Cornucopia Number 21 December January 1985 only other connection is a TTL level seri al port After discovering there was hardware modification involved in hooking it up I dropped the idea for awhile Then last week when deadlines were looming and everyone wanted to use the computer I finally decided to take action The modification I used involves mak ing two little jumper boards that replace the terminal port RS232 drivers U19 U20 There are no other modifications needed First make two jumper boards using two 14 pin
186. mbering On IC 8 9 I Il 12 13 14 14 PIN IC 7 6 5 4 3 Foil Side 16 15 14 13 12 FRONT OF COMPUTER Add wire from U75 12 to U75 8 Ground l Add wire from U75 1 to J6 6 Select D Add wire from U75 2 to J6 12 Select B Add wire from U75 3 to J6 10 Select A Add wire from U75 4 to J6 14 Select C If you have already installed the Micro C decoder board you can still make the drive select lamp modification Simply remove the ground from pin 13 of the 7445 on the decoder board and wire it instead to pin 16 of the ribbon cable con nector This will duplicate the circuit in Figure 3 Plug the 7445 into U75 Replace U73 with the 74504 Install your new Monitor ROM in U47 if you didn t do so already in the speed up mod Put it all back together and connect the power ground and data cables to the drives Don t forget the copper shield under the CPU board copper side away from the board Read the instructions with your Pro 8 Monitor ROM for creating a 63K CP M Plug it in turn it on and stand back Figure 3 Four Drive Decoder With MOTOR ON Monitor Figure 2 Dimentions For Half Height Drives Micro Cornucopia Number 21 December January 1985 43 Create graphics masterpieces with Rembrands Complete Business Graphics Toolkit NEED GRAPHICS You don t need a new computer You need REMBRANDT The software package that unleashes all t
187. mbler is similar to the ASM that comes with CP M except that it can link files at assembly time E TEE ANE Print routine for CROWEASM PRN iles LIBRARY Utilities which let you combine many files into one then you can run type or extrace any file within the larger system USERS DISK 21 Winchester Utilities BACKUP Helps you back up the winchester onto multiple floppies Creates a catalog of the files on each disk and includes the date of the latest backup Will not back up an unchanged file more than once Plus many more super features FLOPCOPY Lets you make floppy copies with only one floppy drive by using the winchester as a buffer BIGBURST Backs up a very large winchester file onto multiple floppies Joins the copies to recreate the original file MULTCOPY Use this like PIP but it prompts you to change disks Accepts ambiguous file names MDIR Displays files in all user areas on selected drive Many features MAKE MOVE PIP like utilities that make it easy to move files between user areas SWEEP The famous disk cleanup and transfer routine that does just about everything you can do with TYPE ERA DIR and PIP UNSQ This is the latest greatest file unsqueezer Enter UNSQ and it will check every file on the disk All squeezed files will be unsqueezed USERS DISK 22 Pascal Compiler This is a real Pascal compiler It supports only a subset of the language no records pointers bool eans reals or
188. mputers Wnte or call tor our brochure which includes our application note Making micros better than any ol box computer 1 Piece 2800 5 Drive amp Little Board Enclosure IN i e712 AN D includes power supply amp fan RESEARCH CORPORATION Call for quantity pricing 8620 Roosevelt Ave Visalia CA 93294 209 654 4203 Disk Drives and Little Board not included We accept BankAmericard Visa and MasterCard Micro Cornucopia Number 21 December January 1985 Xerox 820 Column By Mitchell Mlinar Although most of my mail 2 out of the 3 letters poses questions regarding the Xerox 820 I there was some interest by the Xerox 820 II user The last time an 820 II was even mentioned in Micro C was WAY back in December of 1982 you do save your back issues don t you At that time John Marlin presented a cur sory tour of the 820 II system sort of a quick test drive But being an engineer instead of driving it I tore it apart to see what makes it tick At the end of this column there is information on a very deluxe but inexpensive operating sys tem so that you don t need to purchase CP M A Little History The 820 II was born BEFORE the first 820 I was ever commercially sold 1980 timeframe since Xerox knew that time tide and computer technology wait for no man or company When the 820 II was finally introduced to the public early in 1982 few eyebrows were raised after all it wasn
189. ms Digital Dynamics Digital Research ET Computers Emerald Microware Ferguson Engineering Huntington Data Systems Integrand JFN Industries Kenmore Computer Logical Connexion Logical Devices Manx Software Systems Microcomputer Systems Micro Cornucopia MicroGlyph Systems Microgroup Microprocessors Unlimited Microsphere Motel Computers Ltd 45 Optronics Technology Periphco Phenix Co Servo Computers Sheepshead Software Slicer Computer Corp 30 Soft Advances Software Toolworks Southwest Computers TC Controls Tony Ozrelic Twist INC 2 ce eee ee eee eee 39 Unified Software Back Cover Xpert Software Zippe Systems The Personal OR ANY 395 00 PLUS POSTAGE amp HANDLING With Shooter You Aim Low in Price and High in Quality e RS 232 Port Works with any computer or terminal e Stand Alone Copies amp verifies e 32K 128K RAM Buffer e Upload Download in Intel or Motorola Hex format e 90 Day Warranty Spal Are you signing your name with an X because spelling doesn t come easily Then you need SpeliSys With this full feature package you can write prose with the pros SpellSys fea tures a 42 000 word dictionary and all the bells and whistles of those expensive checkers including rhyming crossword search letter unscrambling etc SpellSys is made up of a group of indiv idual programs which you can use toge ther or separat
190. ms for the Tandy 2000 It would be great to have a format sup ported by a major force in the field Harvey DeGering 1245 E Washington Blvd Pasadena CA 91104 Editor s note The problem is most likely with the Z80B See the Issue 18 Letters Column You might also need to replace the PIOs with PIO As Dear Editor Can I buy the debugger called SID and how about the price If I use the LIST command will it show the Z80 mnemon ics DDT shows the 8080 code Michael Johansson Tjadern 8 17562 Jarfalla Sweden Editor s note SID is available from Direct Software see their ad in Byte magazine You actually want ZSID for Z80 mnemonics but we re not sure where to get it Try Digital Research of Cali fornia Dear Editor I have my BB mounted in an Ampex D80 terminal It has an amber screen and looks really nice Ihave been running the board at 4 MHz with UniFORTH for about 9 months and just got CP M from Wilcox Enterprises I ve also ordered JRT Pascal I d like to hear from BB I users in the Grand Rapids area I have access to several D80 terminals in various stages of repair at reasonable prices Kevin Tyrrell 1221 Colorado SE Grand Rapids MI 49506 72 Micro Cornucopia Number 21 December January 1985 Dear Editor I enjoy Micro C very much although a good bit of it goes over my head I have a Kaypro II and I would like to make the great eight modification issue 15 If I purchase your Pro Monitor
191. my Kaypro in August of 1983 I had had a little experience program ming in Microsoft BASIC dBase II and Apple Pascal and was convinced that compilers in general and Apple Pascal compilers in particular were a real drag However when I got my Kaypro I dis covered it came with a compiler that would let me write real CP M COM files That compiler used words and con cepts that were similar to MBASIC and dBase II Working with SBASIC I discovered what a heady experience it was to create a subroutine and call it anything I wished No GOSUB 25110 in my SBA SIC programs If I thought it was appro priate to repeat a process Until Miller Time then that s what I did SBASIC introduced me to the joys of local varia bles and modular code I also learned to appreciate information hiding one of the main strengths of Modula 2 SBASIC has given me much but I think it is time to leave it behind SBA SIC is a good transitional language be tween BASIC and Pascal but it s not portable Also you will have to learn many things about SBASIC that you won t be able to apply to other languag es Compared to Turbo Pascal which comes with its own application develop ment environment writing and debug ging in SBASIC is tedious In fact I have written most of my recent SBASIC pro grams for this column in Turbo and then translated them into SBASIC after they were fully debugged Creepy Crawly Thing While putting t
192. my notes are correct he is deaf That makes it difficult for him to call someone up and ask enlightening or any other questions The following are some of his more interesting questions Q Is For Questions 1 What is a library 2 How doI take a function and build a library out of it 3 How do I call this library function 4 When is the extern command used required 5 What defines a standard keyword Is it in the compiler 6 Can I redefine the standard key words 7 When and what do I include in a h file 8 What do I stick into a library A Is For Answers 1 A library is a set of pre compiled routines that do something useful An example of this is the runtime library which is linked with your program after it is compiled _ 2 To build_a_function library you compile it without the main program but with whatever h eader files you need This gives you a REL sometimes called OBJ file which you then link with your main program 3 Functions are called when you use them If you forget to include the library which has the function you called during linking the linker usually complains that it can t find an address or that it can t find some name The name will be that of the missing function 4 Extern declarations tell the compiler that the variable you have declared is not in your program but is in some library you will link to your program later Functions are b
193. nd cost the higher the accuracy the higher the cost The ADC0804 has an ac curacy of 1 LSB There are 10 and 12 bit convertors available that are pin for pin compatible with the ADC0804 the extra bits are handled in software but they are expensive and hard to get at this time If you would rather use an integrator ADC Intersil has several types available Figure 1 Display Routine In BASIC Rt 1 Box 216 Pleasant Hill MO 64080 816 869 3472 best buy is the 12 bit ICL7109 Intersil data books and parts are available from JAMECO and several other suppliers A good second choice is the Motorola MC14433 3 1 2 digit ADC Theory Of Operation 1C1 CA4051 Eight channel analog MUX used for input scaling See Figure 2 An analog voltage is supplied to the negative input Vin of the ADC PIO A bits 3 5 determine which input 0 7 on IC1 is passed through to Vin The 1K scaling resistors should be as close to the same value as possible Use either a re sistor pack or 1 parts This circuit increases the resolution of the ADC providing 256 steps for each of the 8 voltage ranges This yields the equivalent of an 11 bit ADC If you don t need this much resolution leave this cir cuit off and connect the negative input of the ADC pin 7 to ground or whatever minimum voltage you require Since under worst case conditions 8 conversions must be made to develop the 11 bit binary output the conversion time required will
194. nectors for disk signals one with 34 pins for 5 25 drives the other with 50 pins for 8 drives E Vastly Improved CRT Display The new Ferguson SBC uses a 6845 CRT controller and SMC 8002 video attributes controller to produce a display rivaling the display of quality terminals There are three display modes Character block graphics and line graphics The board emulates an ADM 31 with 24 lines of 80 characters formed by a 7x9 dot matrix STD Bus The new Ferguson computer has an STD Bus port for easy system expansion E DMA The new Ferguson computer has a Z80 A DMA chip that will allow byte wise data transfers at 500 KBytes per second and bit serial transfers via the Z80 A SIO at 880 Kbits per second with minimal processer overhead When a hard disc subsystem is added the DMA chip makes impressive disk performance possible CAL TEX COMPUTERS INC 12788 HWY 9 e BOULDER CREEK CA 95006 e 408 338 2572 54 a S aE SOAS PI auc 73 33 a 33 53 145 PC BOARD WITH 16 PARTS SIZE 8 75 x 15 5 POWER 5V 3A 12V 0 1A E SASI Interface for Winchester Disks Our Big Board II implements the Host portion of the Shugart Associates Systems Interface Adding a Winchester disk drive is no harder than attaching a floppy disk drive A user simply 1 runs a fifty conductor ribbon cable from a header on the board to a Xebec controller that costs only 295 and implements the controller portion of
195. nested proce dures in SBASIC This program is not fully debugged but a major clarification for it is to un nest the procedures Order LesserOf ReadRecords and WriteRecords This means you will have to move them as a block to a point before the beginning of the procedure sssort You will then have to pass variables to ReadRecords and WriteRecords I ve tried this and found that the pro gram works better but it still has a few problems To use the module in one of your own programs you would read the User Supplied Procedures into your pro gram and follow the comments found there I borrowed some of the ideas in this section from the Sort Box approach used in Turbo Toolbox Finally I hate to leave you with an unfinished program but I believe this discovery be longs in the growing library of SBASIC 1317 W College Ave Lompoc CA 93436 Figure 1 Test Program var i integer var a char files R 10 create UNSORTED DAT open 0 UNSORTED DAT i 100 write 0 0 i for i 1 to 100 a chr fix rnd i 26 65 print a write 0 i a next unofficial documentation Speaking of this library David tells me that Micro C receives more material on SBASIC than any other language They have amassed a good deal of code and commentary on the language and it seems that many people who have spent time on SBASIC see the need for a good tutorial I would imagine that soon David will be putting muc
196. ng the PROMPRO 7 for 489 from Logical Devices Inc 1321 E N W 65th PI Ft Lauderdale FL 33309 It worked fine had reasonable documentation and had human beings to answer the phone Gregor Owen 35 Admiral St Port Jefferson Station New York NY 11776 Dear Editor My first issue of Micro C came today and already you ve moved me to take pen in hand Issue 19 page 19 docu mented your woes with the GTEK gang programmer I mused a bit as I had re ceived the same day a software upgrade for my trusty GTEK 7128 We seem to have different luck perhaps different gnomes built our programmers as mine is rugged and reliable Sounds like you got a GTEK lemon or two And you didn t mention that their literature carries the repeated statement that All GTEK products are fully war ranted against defects in workmanship and materials A 200 restocking fee on defective equipment hardly sounds like a comprehensive warranty Unfortunate situation but your spe cial editorial treatment still doesn t seem consistent or fair An editorial slam is bad enough a facing full page ad for the competition mentioned in the article adds insult to injury As you said there are advantages to having a magazine of your own Maybe one of them is getting to make up your own rules In spite of the nature of my letter I like the magazine You keep writing and I ll keep reading Bob Jenner 110 Long Sands Rd York Maine 03909
197. ngbird Lane Dallas TX 75247 Order 820 Information Processor Software Development Guide Reorder 9R80368 Cost was 35 in 1982 The only other source of information is the reference section in the CP M 2 2 documentation that Xerox provides to buyers However since the 820 II is no longer made except for limited internal production and bare boards do not have this documentation I will assume many of you do not have that either Editor s note I received a call from Xerox market ing about a month ago and they say that daughter board and a separate bus for future expansion the 16 8 upgrade board plugs here A choice of disk controllers was avail able for the II floppy or hard The flop py controller is a FD1793 capable of dou ble density operation the hard disk interface is merely another PIO which operates as a SASI interface Although this seemed like a nice approach it was limited A floppy controller could run ei ther 5 25 or 8 inch drives but no hard disk The hard disk interface worked with a SA1403 which only operates hard disks or 8 inch floppies Compare that to the BBII which offers all three capabili ties Since I don t have a hard disk yet my discussion will focus on the floppy configured II Software Compared to the II the I software looks like the stuff I hand coded for a PDP 8 ten years ago All of the 820 II specific software Monitor BIOS CON FIGUR COM SWAP COM INIT
198. nge without notice A PES Dy v E MICROCOMPUTER PRODUCTS INC sf Trademarks CO POWER 88 ATR8000 SWP Inc 280 Zilog CP M CP M 86 Digital Research Inc BM PC IBM MSDOS Microsoft Kaypro Kaypro Corp Zorba Mod Comp Inc Xerox Xerox Corp Actrix Actrix Corp Osborne Osborne Computer 128k CO POWER 88 w MSDOS amp RAM Drive 256k CO POWER 88 w MSDOS amp RAM Drive 500 00 CP M 86 ATR8000 SWP s 499 95 CP M Computer SWP s ATR8000 is a 64k RAM Z80A 4 MHz computer that includes double density CP M 2 2 The ATR 8000 runs up to four disk drives that are any mixture of size 5 and 8 type single sided and double sided and density single double and quad The ATR8000 has an RS 232 port for a modem or serial printer and includes software for both There s also a parallel port with a parallel printer driver The ATR8000 interfaces to an RS 232 terminal or to _an ATARI home computer Software includes a program that allows the ATR8000 to use CP M disks from other computers The ATR8000 can be upgraded to also run CP M 86 and MSDOS by adding CO POWER 88 Bigboard Dual Density We ve just released a new version 2500 E Randol Mill Rd 125 Arlington Texas 76011 817 469 1181 817 861 0421 Micro Cornucopia Number 21 December January 1985 FORTRAN GRAPHICS For EPSON MX 80 on CP M 80 Systems MicroGlyph SeiPlot TM Graphics Libr
199. nstead lay a short piece of 30 gauge wire across the break and tack solder it to the foil Use the 30 gauge wirewrap wire to add jumpers on the foil side of the board When adding a wire strip little more than 1 16 insulation from each end to avoid shorting to nearby terminals or traces To connect to an IC pin make aJ shaped hook with your needle nosed pli ers To connect to a foil solder pad lay the wire flat and tack solder to the pad Don t ever keep the iron on any trace solder pad or IC pin more than 5 sec onds MAXIMUM With good solder and clean shiny surfaces you shouldn t need more than 2 3 seconds to do the job Too much heat for too long will lift traces Remember on the foil side IC notches are on your right and pins are numbered clockwise U66 4 means pin 4 of U66 Cut trace from U66 4 to solder pad near bottom end of C65 Add wire from U66 3 to the previous solder pad Cut trace from U66 5 to solder pad be low U49 2 Add wire from U66 4 to the previous solder pad If you are replacing your 2716 Monitor ROM U47 with a 2732 like the Pro 8 then perform the following steps Cut trace from U59 2 to U60 1 ad dress line A11B Cut trace from U47 21 to U47 24 Add wire from U59 2 to U47 21 ad dress line A11B Add wire from U60 1 to U60 8 ground That s all the wiring for the speed up Now replace the Z80 CPU U63 with the Z80B and the 2716 Monitor ROM U47 with the faster par
200. nto considerable depth on this FORTH like language The language is also thor oughly covered in the two manuals that come with the program Also included in the package is a small book which serves as an introduction to outline processing the major function of KAMAS Outline Processing Outline processors which have re cently become quite popular basically help you create or work from an outline So what should the computer user ex pect from the KAMAS outline process or It has a pretty decent text editor with commands similar to those of Perfect Writer You can enter and edit text from the one or two line descriptions KAMAS uses for keys for leaves branches and stems of the outline KAMAS helps you create an outline in two ways First it allows the outline to be compressed or expanded so you can zoom in for detail on a leaf or particular branch or back off to view the entire tree Second KAMAS lets you reorganize the outline any way you wish I believe this is the most important thing an out line processor can do Word processors allow reorganization but outline proc essors go even farther by letting units of text be linked together logically The Bottom Line So how did I like KAMAS On the negative side the flexibility and full blown language capabilities that KA MAS includes have been achieved at the cost of simplicity You could spend a lot of time exploring parts of the package you won t really use On
201. o much out there in the way of add on s for the II and 4 but nothing for the 10 I would like to ask everybody out there if they have heard of any way to do the following 1 Add a clock with software onto a 10 2 How about a 6mhz upgrade I have the Z80 B s 3 Adding an 8088 board and MSDOS and CP M86 4 RAM disk might use 8088 board memory 5 ZCPR type modifications to CCP 6 Add an 8 drive This I would like a lot I already have UNIFORM for my 5 with an 8 I wouldn t have to use MO DEM7 to transfer my programs 7 A 300 1200 modem card 8 Screen dump routine one that could dump the graphics as well would be nice I have Prowriter 8510 9 I have just read the article on how to turn your KayPro II or 4 into an 8 How about this mod for the 10 I want the world but why not David R Meyers 6390 Rancho Mission Rd 208 San Diego CA 92108 Dear Editor Back in August I sent a check for 20 for your new Kaypro 4 84 schematics My check hasn t been cashed yet so I m not angry but I sure would like to have those schematics Did the check get washed down the river when you were shooting the rapids Just write a note on some toilet paper and let me know Chuck Weingart 2152 W Iowa Chicago IL 60622 Staff reply You re right It did get washed down the river but we finally fished it out We decided to wait until it dried out before we sent it though so that s why it took so long As for t
202. of high enough bandwidth to test the composite video mod Results not guaranteed Cursory Search One additional problem remains How do you find an altered intensity cursor character in an altered intensity video field Since there is no easy hardware fix the solution is in software Figure 1 is a rou tine to use interrupts from CTC channel 0 to toggle the high order bit of the cursor 59 95 19 95 79 95 Dealer inquiries invited 4326 Fish Hatchery Road Grants Pass OR 97527 bead 26 Micro Cornucopia Number 21 December January 1985 character at about 4 Hz The major disad vantage of doing blink this way is that the cursor blink rate drops significantly during periods of high disk activity This is because interrupts are disabled during disk read writes Itis set up to be run as a program which copies the interrupt rou tine to an empty area in PFM and initial ize CTC channel 0 for blink timing On my system I modified the PFM overlay that is loaded from disk to in clude the routine It could also be includ _ ed in the BIOS For BIOS use put the CTC 0 initialization in the cold boot rou tine and the interrupt routine anywhere If you are still using PFM a simple patch allows you to send characters with the intensity bit set to the display At lo cation OF523H is a RES 7 A instruction 2 bytes Replace these bytes with NOPs and any char with bit 7 set will be dis played with altered intensi
203. ogether the program for this column I ran across what I be lieve is a significant bug in the language The procedure ReadRecords ends by assigning the value 10 to the variable ListSize ListSize is a variable global in the procedure sssort In the main routine of the procedure sssort there is a call to procedure Read Records the last line inside the proce dure prints the value of ListSize 10 On returning to sssort the value of ListSize is again printed This time it is 0 even though ListSize is declared as a global variable Apparently ReadRecords has set up its own undeclared local version of the variable ListSize The compiler has mutinied This particular bug quirk aspect or depending on your point of view fea ture of SBASIC seems to be undocu mented In the section on Scope of Re cursion in the SBASIC manual there is some talk of variables changing values randomly or not changing values when expected to But the manual seems to suggest that recursion would not occur in our pro gram In their example program on re cursion X2 seems equivalent to our vari able ListSize In the discussion on their program they claim that X2 would not be duplicated when P3 is called from P4 Of course although their program is ex ecutable it does not contain enough code to reveal anything about recursion in SBASIC I think our program illus trates the point This suggests that you should be VERY careful when using
204. oilet paper we ran out last week Actually we finally got the darn things finished and shipped so if you haven t re ceived yours by now please let us know Editor s note to the staff A shortage of toilet paper could be disas trous not even the software press releases work very well for this purpose Dear Editor I could not let J Wytsma s comments in Micro C issue 19 about the dearth of BBII articles go without rebuttal One of things I enjoy most about Micro C is its informal approach coupled with varied information I also enjoy the occasional minor errors The whole format of Micro C makes it more personal and for me more readable than many of the big gies I no longer subscribe to While Wytsma s point is well taken I don t know how Micro C will continue to offer so much information on so many sub jects for so little without changing a lot It s a rotten shame that progress is a real ity rather than just a theory Dick Schaffer 5138 W Olive Ave Glendale AZ 85302 Editor s note Thanks Dick I have really been strug gling with idea of Micro C and change and it s been one of the most difficult parts of being editor Other publications are facing the same changes and it doesn t look like very many have found any real direction Some are just floundering better than others 2 Micro Cornucopia Number 21 December January 1985 Dear Editor I see all of the interesting thing
205. oing CP M ERASE Keyboard Encoder 20 pages ISSUE NO 5 4 82 Word Processing Two Great Spells Two Text Editors Double Density Review Scribble A Formatter 20 pages ISSUE NO 6 6 82 BB I EPROM Programmer Customize Your Chars Double Density Update Self Loading ROM Terminal in FORTH 24 pages 5 00 each Other Foreign ISSUE NO 7 8 82 6 Reviews of C Adding 6K of RAM Viewing 50 Hz On Your Own begins 24 pages ISSUE NO 8 10 82 Drive Maintenance Interfacing Drives Installing a New BIOS Flippy Floppies C ing Clearly begins Xerox 820 begins 28 pages ISSUE NO 9 12 82 BB II EPROM Program Relocating Your CP M Serial Print Driver Big Board I Fixes Bringing Up WordStar Cheap RAM Disk 32 pages ISSUE NO 10 2 83 Saving a Flaky Disk Hooking Wini to BB II The Disk Inspector JRT Fix Serial Keyboard Interface Pascal Procedures begins 36 pages ISSUE NO 11 4 83 BB I Expansions BB II Details Dyna RAM Disk Review Easier Reverse Video Cursor PlannerCalc Review KayPro Column begins 36 pages Your Fortune in the Microcomputer Business 26 45 US Can Mex 36 45 Other foreign This is the best most complete collection of working for yourself information I ve found and I ve heard nothing but good comments from those who have received it This two volume set is perfect for those times when you need a break from monitor watching 80 ISSUE NO 12 6 83 256K for BB I
206. ole using CP M s CONOUT function The subroutine then reads a character from the console using CP M s CONIN and passes it back to the main program High Level Languages Differ Though there are differences at the de tail level the principles discussed here apply to most high level languages that let you include low level routines However no matter which compiler you use the variables will always be passed through either the stack the reg isters the memory or a combination of these Therefore the concepts illustrat ed in the PL I 80 programs that follow can be adapted to any high level lan guage compiler capable of generating re locatable code Passing Data Back And Forth In the first program Figure 1 DEMO1 illustrates one way that parame ters can be passed from the main pro gram to the called routine It also shows the implicit returning of values from the subroutine to the calling program Note that the assembly subroutine CONSOLE1 is declared with entry and character 1 This tells the compiler that whenever the subroutine is called a sin gle ASCII parameter of length 1 will be passed to the called program If several different parameters were to be passed the type of each would be listed sepa rately in the declaration of the proce dure For example del entry char 3 fixed 15 1st par 2nd par etCeoe The instruction call CONSOLE1 PARAM1 tells the compiler that
207. ompatible CO POWER 88 is a 16 bit 8088 coprocessor for Z80 CP M computers Both versions of CO POWER 88 128k and 256k RAM include both MSDOS and RAM drive soft compatibility j k meme 1 ware complete with MSDOS IBM PC Simple commands move system control between the Z80 and 8088 processor CO POWER 88 s RAM can be used in CP M as a RAM drive Currently available for Kaypro Bigboard Zorba Xerox 820 lI Actrix Osborne and ATR8000 computers age Be Soe Hardware Software V 061983 e 8 SSDD disk storage is 674k DS is e A daughter board that plugs into the e One 8 version includes the code to twice as much 5 is 183k 1771 socket With this board the system make a 60k double density CP M for e Includes DDINIT for SD and DD initial employs automatic density select 8 SS 2 5 MHz 8 DS 2 5 MHz izing and DDSYSGEN for DD sysgening Instructions tell how to run 5 4 drives ss Pan eats Ses arene e Special features have been added in A 50 34 pin disk drive adapter board is cluding a deluxe pause screen print included with 5 disk orders e Printer drivers are built in selectable in and clock the IOBYTE e Source code is available for 25 after e Easy to change port parameters you sign a disclosure agreement For Orders We accept MasterCard Visa Money Orders or checks Shipping charges and applicable taxes will be added Call or write for delivery time Prices and specifications sub ject to cha
208. ompiler DISK 86 4 IBM Mainframe Interchange RESOURCE 8086 Aao A new BIOS that supports a real time clock RES86 CMD A disk management program for transfering files between CP M 86 and IBM 374X mainframe environments SD186 CMD An 8086 version of the RESOURCE disassembler DISK 86 5 amp 6 FIG Forth Disks 5 and 6 are a complete two disk set of FIG Forth 83 F83 CMD The standard Fig Forth 83 META86 CMD The Forth compiler More ROMS Fast monitor ROMs for speed freaks and our famous better than Texas character ROM V2 3 for screen freaks Fast Monitor ROM BB1 Deluxe Character ROM BB1 BB II DRIVE INTERFACE For 544 and 8 Drives Andy Bakkers is making this special software package available through Micro C Complete source HEX amp documentation files on an 8 SS SD disk Also outlines on disk the hardware changes needed 29 95 Micro Cornucopia P O Box 223 Bend OR 97709 503 382 8048 9 5 Pacific Time Monday Friday the subject He is one of the founders of SIG M the largest most active purvey or of public domain software in the world Dave Hardy the S 100 columnist for Microsystems will also be switching his column over to Micro C Microsystems was the only magazine I am aware of which supported this very technical group of folks It will be great to have Sol and Dave with us Each brings a wealth of expertise to Micro C Ihave been calling Micro C the Single
209. on Visa amp MC accepted 62 Micro Cornucopia Number 21 December January 1985 On Your Own Turbo Pascal The Early Days By Philippe Kahn Editor s note This is the story of the early days at Borland International a once small software startup headed by Philippe Kahn He came to the United States with a Pascal compiler and the desire to start his own company but as you will see the people with money to invest didn t believe a compa ny could survive selling a compiler for 49 95 The money people were obviously wrong but then I ll let Philippe tell you in his own words The follow ing excerpted from Philippe s keynote speech at SOG III is this issue s On Your Own I think you ll enjoy it In Silicon Valley there are people called finders who for a fee 5 of the money they raise will take your busi ness plan to say Fred Adler and he ll read it So you say Great but I don t have a business plan He says If you ll give me 1000 I ll write you a business plan When I first got here I didn t know enough English to write a business plan and unfortunately spelling checkers are not semantic checkers However we wrote a beautiful business plan which basically said If you invest in my com pany we will multiply your investment by 20 in two years That s what any business plan should say and we did it for a lot less than 1000 A business plan also has to list the
210. onds before acting And my serial printer beeps then waits 15 seconds be fore printing starts With WORDSTAR and THE WORD PLUS on A operation is normal except for that 15 second delay when paging with CTL C Using the same format on both drives still works normally Harvey DeGering 1245 E Washington Blvd Pasadena CA 91104 Speeding Up the Blinkin 820 I found the slow blink of the CRT dis play of characters with bit 7 set to be ex tremely irritating as well as rendering the display illegible The blink attribute is more useful when it blinks faster This is easily achieved by a minor hardware modification Cut the trace going to pin 8 of U49 74LS393 and connect it instead to pin 9 10 or 11 according to whether you wish to multiply the blink rate by 2 4 or 8 The last gives half intensity char acters with some flicker and is useful for providing contrasting characters but it makes the cursor harder to locate over a small character such as a period Richard Parsons RR 1 Mount Albert Ont Canada LOG 1M0 Quicker Fix For BBI Video As pointed out by Wesley Ebisuzaki in Micro C Issue 18 Big Boards some times have a problem with their compos ite video output Mine had the character istic dim vertical and bright horizontal mentioned by Ebisuzaki but his quick fix wouldn t work on my board The fix I came up with is even quicker than Ebisuzaki s and completely cured the problem in my system Capaci
211. our 51 4 drives You just plug a four drive 34 pin cable into this board and you can add up to two additional drives Now you can run any mix of 191K 390K and 784K drives as drives A B C and D You can run your original drives as A and B then add 380K or 784K drives outboard as C and D You can even run four half wides inside your original Kayprol The Plus 4 Decorder Board for only 39 Watch for 4 84 and 10 84 compatible ROMs coming soon Micro Cornucopia Bea O 503 382 8048 9 5 PST Mon Fri Micro Cornucopia Number 21 December January 1985 67 68 More Goodies From Micro Cornucopia BB I BB II and XEROX 820 USERS DISKS The following are full 8 disks of software Each program has a DOC documentation file and many come with source USERS DISK 1 1 Two fast disk copiers 4 Two disk formatters 2 The manual for Small C 5 Modem 7 3 Crowe Z80 Assembler 6 Othello 7 Serial print routine Port B USERS DISK 2 1 Two single disk drive copy programs both with source 2 Crowe Z80 Assembler source 3 New Crowe COM file debugged version 4 New CBIOS with parallel print driver amp other extensions for CP M 1 4 amp 2 2 5 Disk mapper with source USERS DISK 3 1 EPROM burning software for BB 1 2 Reset bit 7 un WordStar a file 3 Disk file CRC checker 4 New fast copy program amp source 5 DU77 disk inspector editor 6 FINDBAD isolates bad disk sectors 7 Print fancy page headings USERS DISK
212. po nothing more Ah distinctly I remember it was in the bleak December When my hard disk files were listed that was really quite a chore Eagerly I wished the morrow With the dawn I d seek to borrow Program guides to ease my sorrow from the dumps piled on the floor My small glitch had thus created endless loops of cosines fated To be rooted evermore Deep into my green screen peering long I sat there wond ring fearing Doubting dreaming dreams of programs I had dreamt so oft before That some subroutine much needed had my RAM space just exceeded And was therefore rudely weeded banished from the system s store Exiled t where none can forage software limbo federal storage There to languish evermore Had I brought a curse upon me More key pounding soon would tell me Missing code programmer s bain I knew I must explore CHESS and CHECKERS BLKJACK CARDDECK even secret Fortran STARTREK All these files I quickly queried To the last they came up poor One last hope a final member biorhythms for November Only this and nothing more But I knew there was insurance for my toil and hard endurance Nervously I sought assurance hopefully I did implore Daily hourly every second when my Big Board II had reckoned I had backed up all my labors safe on floppies quite a chore For eons it did cogitate then printed out that fateful date Quoth the green screen Nevermore Tony Dowden 780 El
213. polarity with a negative strobe A type ahead buffer and programmable function keys are provided by MSC ICO s custom BIOS 16 Bit TTL I O Port This port allows you to access printers relays LED s DAC s ADC s switches EPROM programmers and many other devices f Clock Calendar The battery backed up clock calendar provides time and date information to CP M for file stamping The clock can also be accessed from applications programs External Bus MSC ICO s 50 pin bus connector provides expansion for a hard disk controller RAM disk graphics or a 68000 system Please call or write for more information on these options MSC ICO Saves Time and Money With MSC ICO s low cost and quality worksmanship why spend time energy and money to design debug and test your own system Whether you require single units or large volume quantities we can meet your needs Order your evaluation unit todayl Manufactured dy Southern Pacific Limited line reverse video and semigraphics are supported 1 3 18 Tsurumichuo Tsurumi Yokohama JAPAN 230 Cursor escape sequences are an extension of DEC s 045 501 8842 Telex 3822320 SPACIF J VT52 and can be easily reprogrammed to emulate most USA Distributor standard terminals ARTISOFT Ine P O Box 41436 Tucson Arizona 85719 602 327 4305 CP M Plus of Digital Research Inc CP M EPROM PROGRAMMING SYSTEM STAND ALONE BOARD Se a SWITCHING OF BPROM TYPES USES 24 VOLT XFMR FOR PPLIES TIMING ON
214. propriate for a small cabinet company and from what I ve heard they are not all that small any longer And to answer Integrand s question If you make pianos like you make your cabinets yes I d definitely be interested in a piano Jim Tanner also called to say that according to his recollection the name Big Board was his idea One afternoon while going over prices for producing the Big Board circuit board someone commented that the run would be expensive because it was such a big board No too long afterwards he was tuned to the stock market report while driving home They announced the number of shares traded on the Big Board and bingo Dear Editor I have enjoyed your magazine very much and I have found the articles to be very informative I own a KayPro 10 and I would love to see more on what makes it tick and how to improve upon it I work for a KayPro dealer and I have had fun speeding up the H s and the 4 s to run at 5mhz By the way I have found that with a standard II or 4 I could only go up to 2400 baud when using MODEM7 be tween a slow Kaypro and a different brand 4 MHz machine After speeding up the Kaypro 9600 baud was no prob lem And now I have the same problem with my 10 I can only go up to 2400 baud before I start getting errors I wrote a let ter to KayPro about this and they called me back to get further information but as of yet there has been no solution There is s
215. r block with a 5 MHz mill and double sided quads growling under the hood Here is a summary of the steps involved including correc tions reader suggestions and a few ideas of my own While you re at it you can also make the drive select lamps do what they are supposed to do light up only when a drive is a selected and b running The mods are independent You can speed up your CPU or add disk drives or do both To speed up an older Kaypro II from 2 5 MHz to 5 MHz will cut process ing time in half a remarkable improve ment if you are recalculating spread sheets reformatting text files or creating a program See Benchmarks in Micro Cissue 19 p 44 Disk Drives The older Kaypro IIs came with two full height single sided double densi ty 40 track 191K drives Track spacing was 48 TPI tracks per inch so 40 tracks would occupy 5 6 There are three ways to increase total disk capacity You could use double sided drives which read and write both sides of each disk giving you a total of 80 tracks per disk 40 on each side This is the Kaypro 4 format Or you could use 96 TPI drives com monly called quad density They pack 80 tracks per side into the same 5 6 of media so a double sided drive reads and writes 160 tracks Kaypro 8 Third you can use half height drives like the newer Kaypros This allows you to stuff up to four drives into your ma chine If the drives are also half power mod
216. r editor versions 1 03 and 1 20 Set swap file size change disks while editing use keypad for one touch commands etc The Backgrounder with definable keys All keys fully definable in any program Suspend any program to print the screen write background notes and use built in CP M commands Now comes with Print Spooler Requires CP M 2 2E to run See Your Dealer or Purchase Direct Call or write for further information Please check which Kaypro s you own 10 2840 2x0 40 4 840 10 8400 Robie 4x00 12x0 Orders outside N America 5 shipping per disk Any checks should be drawn on U S bank 34 100 DateStamper Software that automatically stamps a file with the dates it was created last read or modified If your to CP M 2 2 Includes utilities to Kaypro has a real time clock exact times will also be recorded Brings big computer file organization e give directory showing when your files were created last read and modified initialize disks for date and time stamping mass transfer date tagged and other files Sophisticated display features Bring your Kaypro up to date Only 39 Currently requires CP M 2 2E General CP M 2 2 version available soon _ Trademarks Kaypro Kaypro Corporation CP M Digital Research Perfect Writer Perfect Software BOX 1494 IDYLLWILD CA 92349 714 659 4432 K 1 Plu Perfect Writer amp CP M2 2E 39 K 2
217. r hard drives N Uses BBII CPU CPM CPM86 MS DOS Defineable keys 1955 00 ES DISKS WORKS WITH ANY 2 80 BASED COMPU TER PIGGYBACKS IN Z80 SOCKET USES NATIONAL MM58167 CLOCK CHIP AS FEATURED IN MAY 82 BYTE BATTERY BACKUP KEEPS TIME WITH CPU POWER OFF EASY TO USE SOFTWARE INCLUDED TO 5 SSDD Dysan 2 30 Verbatim 2 70 5 DSDD Dysan 2 95 Verbatim 3 75 8 SSDD Dysan 3 10 Verbatim 3 40 8 DSDD Dysan 3 50 Verbatim 3 80 Disk Mailers 10 for 5 00 100 for 40 00 es PRINTERS M SET AND READ THE CLOCK IN BDSC JRT PASCAL TURBO PASCAL AND MICROSOFT BASIC WITH ALL SOURCE SOFTWARE IS AVAILABLE ON 8 SSSD 5 XEROX 820 KAYPRO 2 OSBORNE NORTHSTAR CROMEMCO APPLE CP M DISKS AND OVER A MODEM FOR OTHER COMPUTERS PACKAGES AVAILABLE 82 A S amp P 85Car 120CPS 325 83 A S amp P 13 6Car 120CPS 575 84 P P 13 6Carr 200CPS 975 OKI 84S S 13 6Carr 200CPS 1065 92 P P 8 5Carr I160CPS 440 2S S 8 5Carr 160CPS 530 93 P A 13 2Carr 160CPS 715 93 S 13 2Carr 160CPS 900 FULLY ASSEMBLED AND TESTED 99 COMPLETE KIT 69 BARE BOARD AND SOFTWARE 29 N Y STATE RESIDENTS ADD 7 SALES TAX PERSONAL CHECKS MONEY ORDERS PURCHASE ORDERS AND C 0 D S ACCEPTED KENMORE COMPUTER TECHNOLOGIES 20 Landers Road Kenmore New York 14217 716 877 0617 aes DRIVES ete Shugart 810 335 00 Tandon 100 1 175 00 SPECIAL Shugart 860 350 00 Tandon 100 2 199 00 PRICES Tandon 848
218. r than the Tandons They wouldn t quite squeeze into the top of my mount ing bracket so I simply put the Tandon on top and the two Mitsi s on the bot tom Be sure to remove all burrs and filings after drilling Disk drives are noisy enough as it is Jumpers Install the address jumpers in your drives according to the instructions that came with them In your Tandon 100 1s you have to cut out the jumpers you don t want Locate the DIP Dual In line Package with the jumpers near the edge connector Leave the first jumper nearest the edge of the board intact The second jumper intact A the third jumper intact B etc If you want your Tandon to be named C then you should have the first and fourth jumpers intact no others You may have to bridge a previously cut jumper to set the address you want Some manufacturers specify drive se lection as DSO DS1 DS2 DS3 this is equivalent to the Kaypro s A B C D You have other jumper choices to make The Mitsubishi drives for exam ple have a head loading solenoid The heads load contact the disk only when the solenoid is energized If you install a jumper in position HM not HS the heads will load whenever the motor runs and unload when the motor stops This is normal operation Terminators The drive you decide to install at the bottom farthest down the ribbon cable from the CPU board must have termina tors installed No other drive should
219. re provided by IC1 and IC2 as described above The binary outputs are connected to PIO Port B The start conversion WR pin 3 input is con nected to Port A bit 6 The conversion starts on the rising edge of this input Since the ADC is isolated from the mi cro processor by the PIO the read and chip select inputs pins 2 and 1 are grounded This means that data is im mediately available at the end of the con version cycle The end of conversion is signaled by a negative transition of INTR This line is connected to the B Strobe input which triggers a processor interrupt The INTR output is reset after a read A read oc curs automatically at the end of each conversion cycle since the read input is grounded R1 and C1 determine the clock fre quency Analog and digital grounds pins 8 and 10 are connected to a com mon point Vref 2 developed from IC3 deter mines the voltage range of the ADC This voltage should be adjusted to one half of the required voltage span Keep the analog inputs as far away from the digital outputs as possible Connect the ADC bypass capacitor as close to the chip as possible The ADC0804 is accurate only to the LSB so this bit may twitch randomly The resistor and capacitor on the input line are there to reduce noise Additional noise reduction is possible by increasing the value of either part If the parts get too large it will take too long to charge or discharge the capacitor and you
220. rent to the operator e TPA size is not affected PDQC is NOT a memory drive program There is no need to transfer your files to some imaginary drive There is also no need to configure your programs to operate on an alternate drive As you operate your computer PDQC buffers the data for you automatically PDQC The most significant system enhancement since 4 Mhz MCKEAN ETOH AOUE BIGBOARD 1 820 1 256K RAM EXPANSION CARD Give your Bigboard 1 or 820 1 a quarter megabyte of RAM This card can be used as a RAM disk a spooler buffer a disk cache oranything that requires more memory than the basic 64K The flexible architecture will accommodate a wide variety of applications such as MP M CP M and a host of high speed data acquisition tasks This card plugs in to five device sockets below the existing RAM array as a daughter board Easy installation WITHOUT wires cables or jumpers Uses none of your precious I O This RAM upgrade works beyond 5 Mhz Adds only inch to the overall height Interconnect hardware provided Small 4 5 x 6 75 820 256K This product comes with complete schematics and a full theory 9 B FERGUSON 2 of operation Assembly installation and test procedures are TOREEN thoroughly documented vas Gan DAAM us use vas rm ee jemi anD y CJC G Ae CJ cto M e uce vos vos ver LTT cy o l l l XDRIVE a Ram disk We have modified XDRIVE a public domain
221. res and parts you could eventually wind up with a Cray 2 Sadly this could require a great deal of time Although no technical wizardry is in volved you should not make this your first electronics project Static electricity that you can t even feel will ruin MOS chips the big ones Excess heat from soldering will lift traces foil strips and make a hell of a mess to repair Other things can also go wrong go wrong SIC You will need the right tools A solder ing gun and acid core solder won t do it You should have the following Recommended Tools Soldering pencil 15 to 25 watt 3 wire grounded to kill static Solder 22 guage rosin core I insist on Ersin Multicore Desoldering tool spring loaded Solda vac Needle nose pliers 4 to 5 smooth jawed to avoid nicking wire Diagonal cutters semi flush cutting 414 to 8 6921 55th Ave S Seattle WA 98118 Wire stripper for 30 guage wirewrap wire Stripper crimping tool for stripping larger wire and crimping terminals Allen wrentch 7 64 for disk drive mtg screws Socket 3 16 for serial connector mtg screws Exacto knife for cutting traces Screwdrivers miscellaneous hand tools Electric drill for mtg holes for new drives Gooseneck lamp with magnifier Speed up This is the easiest mod you can make You route the 2 5MHz and 5MHz taps from U86 pins 4 and 5 respectively toa toggle switch on the back panel A third line from the
222. rite Editor Demo Program In Pascal amp Basic Drivers Are Above The Monitor For Use With High Level Languages Requires 1 trace cut and jumper see adding 6K of Ram MicroC 7 Plugs Into U7 U7 Still Available for Prom with Jumper TMS9918A Graphics Chip 34 E Check x Money Order x COD item GRAPHTECH P O Box 1185 McPherson KS 67460 316 241 6330 Call for Availability amp Price of Parts Kit Kansas Residents Add 4 Tax Include 3 For Postage amp Handling Allow Four to Six Weeks for Delivery eM Me eR He Me MR HH MM ee ee ee ee ee ee ee Micro Cornucopia Number 21 December January 1985 75 Keep Your Kaypro In Micro C Issue 19 in the Kaypro Column you discussed Kaypro s going to lunch while auto dialing Your sug gestion was to buy another microproces sor I have another idea Buy two 40 pin wire wrap sockets three 14 pin sockets three buffer ICs and something to mount them all on First remove the Z80 from its socket and place it in one of the sockets mount ed on the prototype board Cut the pins on that socket to half length Then solder wires from the mP inputs to the corres ponding pins on the longer socket Now solder wires from the outputs of the mP to the inputs of the buffers and from the outputs of the buffers to the correspond ing pins of the socket with the long legs Finally connect the supply pins of the buffers to the power supply rails in the
223. rogram ming I highly recommend that you take a close look at the source for this pro gram The program is well written and you can learn a lot about Pascal program ming by spending some time analyzing the techniques the Turbo folks used I was able to set up the club database by making minor modifications to this pro gram And it only took one evening In a future column I ll spend some time on pointers linked lists and trees After that we can take a closer look at S I ET AE A PI I IE EER Micro Cornucopia Number 21 December January 1985 14 how Turbo Access works The Toolbox manual is of the same high quality as the Turbo Pascal manual You get all the information you need to effectively use the utilities Turbo Toolbox is available from Borland International 4113 Scotts Valley Dr Scotts Valley CA 95066 It is 49 94 Turbo Tips Input filters are used to insure that in put data falls within a specific range The example program included with Turbo Toolbox uses a particularly good meth od to filter character input from the con sole See Figure 1 By defining a set type that includes the ASCII character set it is then possible to pass a subset as a procedure or function parameter So you can define exactly the range of values that can be returned by the procedure or function It is this type of capability which gives Pascal much of its power Soap Box If you are familiar with Jerry Pournelle
224. s that some people are doing with the Big Boards and start getting the urge to try some of them Would it be possible to get one of the Big Boards and by using your improved PROM generate a system that would use the Kaypro software and read the same disks in the same format The Big Boards might have the advan tage that I would be able to have more I O and the possibility of having an 8 disk to access some of the CP M software Some time ago I put together a SWTP 6800 system and have had some limited experience in assembly language pro gramming I do not have much spare time and am somewhat afraid that I might be getting into a lot more than I can cope with Can the disk controller on the Digital Research Computers be changed to one that will control 5 floppies Would the BB II bea better choice as an answer to this problem Albert P Van der Klott Wahl Henius Institute Inc 4206 N Broadway Chicago Il 60613 Editor s note We re working on that Kaypro BB modifi cation but it could be as much as six months down the road Even then you will need to perform some non trivial details to use the software To date we haven t completed the modifica tion that would allow the DRC controller to run 5 but SWP has a package However this package will only allow you to run 8 or 5 not both The BB II will run both 5 and 8 with Andy Bakker s software but lack of support and documentation as well as in
225. stalled base for that system make it a difficult project for all but heavy weight engineering types Dear Editor I received my blank PCB for the BB I about a year ago along with a sample page from Micro C So I sent for a sub scription and have enjoyed every issue After admiring my blank board for a couple of weeks I finally started solder ing sockets I could only go for about 2 hours at a sitting before those neat rows of pins turned into a sea of waving spears But I finally got them all in The caps and resistors were added the connectors crystals etc were soldered in and then the long careful job of insert ing the IC s was done I went over the board with a magnifying glass a million times it seems and everything looked good I built a box a 24 volt power supply bought a Shugart from Cascade and a solid state switch from Phenix wired it all together flipped the switch on hit re turn on the keyboard opened my eyes and beheld a glorious spectacle of every character in the English and Greek char acter alphabets flashing on and off Going over the board I found 4 IC s with bent out pins and the display changed to alternate zero s and colons So I got out my stack of Micro C s and found a good article which discussed a similar problem Trying everything the article suggest ed made things no better or worse so I began to substitute IC s and found a flaky 74LS123 The monitor went blank when
226. switch delivers the selected clock signal back to the CPU board The switch is useful because a few programs run best or run only at 2 5MHz You ll need a faster CPU chip a Z80B in U63 The B means it will operate up to 6MHz You ll also need a faster Monitor ROM U47 The selection you make de pends on your intentions regarding disk drives If you re sure you ll never be adding extra drives or replacing the present ones with higher capacity mod els then you could scrimp by buying a blank 2716 rated at 350 nanoseconds or less and having someone copy the code from the original ROM into the faster part Or you could buy the Pro Monitor II from Micro C it is a 250 ns 2732 which is burned to look like a 2716 However if you plan to increase drive capacity either now or later I recom mend replacing U47 with Micro C s Pro 8 ROM It should satisfy all your present and future requirements It will run at 5MHz and it will allow your CPU to ac cess up to four 5 1 4 drives single or double sided 48 or 96 TPI in any combi nation In addition it contains some fan cy features The Pro 8 plugs right into the U47 socket you ll merely have to cut two traces and add two wires see be low Also pick up a small connector to wire in line between the switch and the CPU board so you won t have to unsolder wires every time you decide to remove the CPU board in the future SBS UUU a I TI I IO Micro Cornucopia Number 21
227. t either the faster 2716 which you had burned with the old code or the Pro 8 2732 continued next page LL EL a TE ITE LE IE S E LTS SE OI SR IE EOE TT TEE I a TN a I a I ESE STOLE LET Micro Cornucopia Number 21 December January 1985 41 KAYPRO COLUMN continued Caution Before handling the CPU or ROM chips always discharge yourself by touching some bare metal on your ma chine This puts you and your Kaypro at the same potential and helps prevent zapping gates on the MOS wafer you need good eyes and tiny tools to repair a gate All the larger chips and memory are MOS Be especially careful in low hu midity Assembly line workers keep themselves grounded with a wrist strap to the chassis of whatever they are work ing on More Disk Drives I bought two Mitsubishi M4853s for only 175 each They are half height half power double sided quad density 784K each with DC brushless direct drive motors They claim track to track access time of only 3ms When these lit tle hummers go out looking for data they really rip snort The only complaint I have so far is that the disk does not al ways eject when I pop the door open I just pull the upper latch down part way and let it snap up a second time Adding Extra Drives Requires The Following 1 Drilling holes in the bracket and physically mounting the new drives 2 Installing address jumpers on all drives and terminators on the last drive 3 Adding connec
228. t know our studies show we won t get a good response from Byte Bill countered Well for the first run we ll give you a special rate So we got the agency discount guar anteed placement in the first 75 pages normally 10 percent extra and he gave us 60 days to pay We couldn t have paid for it if it hadn t worked The ad broke in November and that month we took in 1100 orders So the ad was paid for The second month we took in 2500 orders The third month and af ter we were running 4 000 to 5 000 or ders per month At that point we didn t need money Even though we were shipping 5 000 orders per month we didn t have a com puter We were hand writing invoices working nights The writing on the la bels was my wife s or mine until we could program a computer to handle the orders In February we did 350 000 and we had four people in the company We were working 24 hours a day We couldn t program anymore so suddenly we had to hire people Now we have 50 64 Micro Cornucopia Number 21 December January 1985 people a complete shipping depart ment and we have passed 1 million per month Ifit hadn t worked with Bill McCaffey we probably wouldn t be here we cer tainly couldn t have run that four color full page ad in Byte which cost over 9 000 In the beginning we duplicated our own disks printed our own labels and took our mail to the post office We weren t ready for the
229. t that different from the I Couple the ho hum greeting with Xe rox s public information policy read none and the 820 II quickly entered ob the 820 II and the 16 8 are still being manufactured and actively marketed Hardware I hate to use a cliche but where s the beef Oh sure you now have a hot 4 MHz machine with 6k of ROM up to 8k available and a new fangled disk con troller capable of double density There is also a cute piezoelectric crystal which can produce a wide frequency range at one volume annoying But since one evening and 100 will get you all of the above on a 820 I there must be more There is For a start extra video hardware per mits four screen attributes flashing in verse video low intensity and graphics Although the graphics are nice no com mercial programs make use of them The inverse video sea of light requires welding goggles and flashing characters send my dog into convulsions I like the low intensity mode so I am currently modifying my 820 I to switch between flashing and low intensity More on that in a later issue Besides the usual four ports on the back there is a connector for the disk controller scurity Most of you II owners know Xerox does not sell a technical manual for the 820 II so I recommend purchasing the manual for the 820 I as there are many characteristics which the I and II share Contact Xerox Corporation 1341 West Mocki
230. t their first order for the business software they made a copy of the ledger program inserted it and the manual in a zip lock bag and shipped it off Before they knew it back came a check for 995 So Cooper and Parsons took the whole staff what there was of it out for pizza Three weeks later another order ar rived and there was another pizza In fact the pizza ritual continued for two months but eventually with people sending in checks for thousands of dol lars they had to quit the custom They were getting tired of pizza for breakfast lunch and dinner Part of their success could have been the casual atmosphere at Structured Systems For instance Parsons girl friend made phone sales while sun bathing nude in the yard behind their office And that s the true skinny Conclusion Fire in the Valley captures the spirit and history of the microcomputer world as well I believe as The Soul of a New Ma chine described the world of Data Gener al It is fascinating reading Fire In The Valley By Paul Freiberger and Michael Swaine Published by Osborne McGraw Hill ISBN 0 88134 121 5 9 95 Micro Cornucopia Number 21 December January 1985 CP M 86 8 CP M 86 Disk 15 00 each DISK 86 1 Disk Utilities D CMD A86 SD CMD A86 XDIR CMD A86 Three extended directory pro gams Each does it differently so we included all three FILE EXT CMD A86 Disk status program with good display format
231. te matrix defining word be cause this new data type was needed and might be useful later Code And Test The Package You can see what names I chose and how I broke the package down by look ing at screens 1 3 The monitor com mands are straightforward The word PAGE provides the clear screen func tion and XYTRANS performs the x y to character cell offset form But why is that SHADOW array there And why do I precede each graphics character output with a 31 code When I first coded the routines I started with the words in screens 1 and 2 and then played with outputting charac ters on the CRT You can switch to graphics mode and then just send char acters with EMIT Patterns such as 1 4 20H etc each turn on one bit of a charac ter cell This kind of rough experimentation is useful not to mention crucial before you do much planning Such interactive testing is where FORTH excels In our case the testing demonstrated that the monitor masked off bit 7 of each charac ter preventing codes such as 80H from plotting correctly In addition all control codes such as 1 4 9 etc are not plot ted However preceding codes with a 31 will bypass the monitor s stripping function Problems And Solutions The SHADOW array also arose from this preliminary testing The problem is this what if you want to plot two dots but both dots fall within the same char acter cell The BBII monitor does not per mit fetching a
232. tel 80188 Complete microcomputer on high quality 5 3 4 x7 1 2 multilayer board 256K RAM plus up to 8K EPROM SASI port for hard disk controller Two full function RS232C serial ports with individually programmed transmission rates 50 to 38 4K baud Software compatibility with the 8086 and 8088 8K of EPROM contains drivers for peripherals commands for hardware checkout and software testing Software supports 5 1 4 and 3 1 2 disk drives Source for monitor included on disk Bios supports Xebec 1410 and Western Digital WD 1002 SHD controller for hard disks Fully assembled and tested only Write or Call All products are available in several kit forms Operating Systems are CP M 86 by Digital Research Inc 85 00 MS DOS by Microsoft Corporation 175 00 MasterCard Visa Check Money Order or C O D Allow four weeks for delivery Prices subject to change without notice Slicer Column By Laine Stump I have undergone massive priority changes in the last two months Hence some of the products and projects I spoke of in the last column have been sidetracked momentarily But other interesting things have emerged so this month I will give youa report on some of the Slicer related soft ware and hardware Then I will cover a few more useful software hints and end with a description of a fast cheap way of making one of your RS232 serial ports into a TTL serial port CCP M Concurrent CP
233. the SASI interface 2 cables the controller to a Seagate Technology ST 506 hard disk or one compatible with it and 3 provides power for the controller card and drive Since our CBIOS contains code for communicating with hard disks that s alla user has todo to add a Winchester to a system E Two Synchronous Asynchronous Serial Ports With a Z80 A SIO O and a Z80 A CTC as a baud rate generator the new Ferguson computer has two full RS232 C ports It autobauds on both A Parallel Keyboard Port Four Other Parallel Ports for User I O The new Cal Tex single board computer has one parallel port for an ASCII keyboard and four others for user defined I O E Two Z80 A CTCs Eight Programmable Counters Timers The new Ferguson computer has two Z80 A CTCs One is used to clock data into and out of the Z80 A SIO O while the other is for systems and applications use E PROM Programming Circuitry The new Cal Tex SBC has circuitry for programming 2716s 2732 A s or pin compatible EEPROMs E CP M 2 2 CP M with Russell Smith s CBIOS for the new Cal Tex computer is available for 150 The CBIOS is available separately for 25 CP M is a registered trademark of Digital Research Terms Orders paid for with a cashier s check or bank card will be shipped within three working days Orders paid for with a personal check will be shipped within three weeks Add 5 for packing amp shipping in North America Micro Cornucopia Number
234. the file See Figure 1 for more help Figure 1 What It Really Means They Say END HIGHLIGHTING Set Alternate Video Mode START HIGHLIGHTING Return to Normal Video The DELETE and INSERT LINE com mands speed things up by making it possible to add and delete lines and scroll through the file without repainting the entire screen every time The effect of adding these commands is especially ob vious when scrolling toward the begin ning of the file one line at a time ERASE TO END OF LINE also cuts down the time needed to update the screen by eliminating the need to type spaces all the way out to the end of a line that doesn t fill the entire width of the screen Example The following is a worksheet that has been filled in for a Kaypro II 84 If you have a Kaypro then you should use this definition rather than the one given in the terminal menu of TINST If you have an older Kaypro you should enter noth ing for the START HIGHLIGHTING command the END HIGHLIGHTING command will then automatically be as sumed to not exist The definition sup plied for Kaypros will not work totally correctly for any of the Kaypros because it has highlighting commands not sup ported by the older models and it doesn t handle INSERT LINE correctly in the newer models as mentioned before Figure 2 Kaypro 11 84 Video Command Worksheet Terminal Type Kaypro II 84 4 84 10 Send Initialization String N Send a Reset String N
235. the other hand if I spent as much time working with KAMAS as I do with Wordstar I would feel very comfortable with its complexity I m sure KAMAS has an excellent on line help facility and the best way to learn any program is to use it Another thing I didn t particularly like about the program was that the delete key is not handled consistently within the program Within the outline editor the delete key will back up and delete one character from the entered text At the ROVE prompt however the delete key echoes the deleted key and the back space key has the desired backup and a 1317 W College Ave Lompoc CA 93436 delete effect Owners of Kaypro 10s may not be ju bilant with KAMAS On my Kaypro 4 I get excellent scrolling speed but my 10 reads a little data and prints it and reads a little more and prints it and so on It only prints about four lines per second whereas my 4 probably prints a screenful a second When I asked Adam about this he was at a loss to explain it I sus pect that the KAMAS files are spread around on my hard disk and the head is spending a lot of time seeking records This inconvenience could be solved by unloading some of the clutter before loading KAMAS Other than these problems I found the program dependable and if you feel thatan outline processor would help you in your work you might want to give KAMAS a hard look Knowledge And Mind Amplification System A unique blend
236. tir jmp equ org ld ld ld jr ld l in set out ld xor ld pop pop ld ei hl blink ctevec hl de source de hl be length b 3 C ctcd hl initbl 0 of800h blnksp sp sp blnksp af hl hl blnklk hl nz noblnk hl blnktim hl cursor a bitdat af 7 a bitdat a a hl 80h hl a af bitdat a hl af sp blnksp blink 10 2 blnktim Oa7Th 0 etevec s vector address and destination of routine ssource of data to move hl is source de destination number of bytes to move three bytes to output 3 to etcd from initialization table back to CP M if using M80 phase 0f800h switch to local stack modify no registers supdate blink clock snot time to swap yet reset timer point to cursor absolute location get and save bank bit senable ert bank toggle bit 7 cursor location srestore bank bit tidy up before exit timer mode divide by 256 prescaler 256 counts before interrupt vector low order DESNE EE S Micro Cornucopia Number 21 December January 1985 27 28 TEU ted Py Jo FN T 3 y RAT s aS Prhebry U G saita 99594 i ERRETES E De PEA z Earra SESSEERN osvrt 2k 244 443133133 peres stai CE S Mavs enn Ap ane ne ag SOE cree eeee rn aveseaess Kiauna SWP s CO POWER 88 makes Z80 CP M iaserhigiauthjaaheat IBM PC c
237. to exactly match the fanand fan mounting holes on the MD11 After the holes are cut and before you mount the fan inside the box make a fil ter and impeller protector I used some 1 4 hardware cloth and two layers of win dow screen mounted inside the fan housing on the air intake hole Opening Up The MD11 First remove the power and power cord Then slide the case off the front of the MD11 after removing the four phil lips head screws that hold it in place Remove the four screws that hold the old fan and once the fan is loose clip the power wires Insulate the wires with tape and mark them with a label or masking tape so a couple of years from Air Intake Panel Parts List Quantity Item 3 125 axial style fan 41 X 41 X 2tt box chassis power cord Belden 17742 or equiv 25 CFM 115 VAC Such as ETRI model 126LF or Rotron Sprite series LMB 143 or equiv now when you have the MD11 disas sembled for some other reason you ll re member what they were for Next install a 1 1 2 X 9 piece of card board or plastic over the MD11 rear pan el ventilation holes Place some foam rubber weather stripping on the exhaust side of the new fan housing to make a good seal With four 4 screws mount the new fan housing over the old fan hole Do not plug the short end of the power cord into the back of the MD11 yet but plug the other end into an AC outlet Turn on the switch on the fan housing to see if the
238. tor C 142 in the feedback circuit of XOR gate U 94 is critical because it has only 20 tolerance Try exchanging C 142 with other capacitors having the same or slightly higher value until you find the rare bird In my case a 47 pF cap from the junk box did the trick perfectly well Christian Phaneuf P O Box 1107 972 Guillaume Boisset Cap Rouge Quebec Canada G1Y 3E4 Free Samples From Texas Instruments I have come across a good deal for those who have not yet gone to double density on their BBI In recent issues of Electronic Engineering Times Texas Instruments has had ads offering free samples of their WD2797 floppy disk controller chip You must fill out and send in the form in the ad This chip is identical to the WD2795 controller with the exception that it uses a true rather than an inverted data bus Robert Carroll s article in Micro C Issue 16 details the conversion to the WD2795 The only additional modifica tion required to use the WD2797 is to re place U99 and U100 with 74LS243s non inverting bus transceivers instead of 74LS242s inverting bus transceivers The free controller chip more than off sets the cost of replacing U99 and U100 50 vrs 2x 1 20 Ronald R Swager 1515 N Lincoln Ave 17 Springfield IL 62702 Fast Boot From Slow ROMS When increasing the speed of the BBI it s really not necessary to change the PFM ROM s from the slower 2716 to the faster 2716 1 I have
239. tors onto the ribbon cable for data and control lines 4 Extending the drive power cable and adding connectors 5 Installing a new Monitor ROM such as the Pro 8 the original 2716 can address only two single sided 48 TPI drives 6 Adding a four drive decoder on or near the CPU board the existing hard ware can address only two drives 7 Modifying your CP M to a 63K sys tem Parts 1 The drives themselves 2 One 34 pin edge connector for each drive Examples Ansley 609 3415M Alpha FCC 170 34 3M 3463 0001 If you add both connectors now you can easily add up to four drives later For TEAC drives see note in Micro C issue 17 p 19 3 One 4 pin power connector for each new drive AMP 1 480424 0 You also need pins AMP 60619 1 four per con nector The Mitsi s come with a connec tor and pins Get four extra pins for daisy chaining the wires explained lat er 4 One 3 16 188 female push on connector for each new drive for the ground wire AMP 60972 1 Get one ex tra for daisy chaining 5 A new Monitor ROM to replace the 2716 in U47 See discussion under Speed Up Parts above Recommended Micro C s Pro 8 6 One 74504 to replace the 74LS04 in U73 7 20 gauge and 30 gauge wire see Speed Up Parts 8 Socket head screws 6 32 X 3 8 and flat washers Four each to mount new drives 9 Four drive decoder You can buy Micro C s Plus 4 Decoder Board or you can buy a 7445 chip
240. tware applications Automatic Density Selection Single Double Quad User accessible 125Hz interrupt E 4 SERIAL I O PORTS 2 STANDARD Provides system date time clock Software selectable baud rates to 19 200 4th Channel used for the NEC 765 interrupt Uses Z80 SI0 O and SMC 8116 baud rate generator E CP M 2 2 BIOS ENHANCEMENTS Allows flexible device assignments baud rate selection auto matic density detection a system date and time clock and hard SB80 II SYSTEM OPTIONS PRICE disk support E OPTIONAL CP M 3 0 CP M PLUS Extensive disk buffering speeds system throughout ADDITIONAL 2 SERIAL PORT INSTALLED 60 00 ADDITIONAL 64K MEMORY INSTALLED 60 00 SASI INTERFACE OPTION INSTALLED 35 00 XEBEC HARD DISK CONTROLLER 290 00 CP M 2 2 OPERATING SYS W MANUAL 75 00 CP M 3 0 OPERATING SYS W MANUAL 275 00 Z80 ZILOG CP M DIGITAL RESEARCH Calif ni Colonial Data Services Corp HOW TO ORDER Call or Write Colonial Data Orders paid with bank OREN Jy hese card or cashiers check are shipped within 3 working es 80 Pickett District Road days Allow 3 weeks for Personal Checks rea New Milford Conn 06776 Shipping Add 5 00 for UPS Shipping Brown EZE Within the United States Telephone 203 355 3178 8 Micro Cornucopia Number 21 December January 1985 PPOs g D Colonial Data SB 80 II Dimensions 13 2 W x 5 H FULL 90 DAY PARTS amp LABOR WARRANTY
241. ty If you have a PROM burner patch locations 533H and 544H in the PROM Al ternatively the patch can be made man ually or in the CTC 0 init routine This works more than 99 of the time The remaining problem is that if the final CTC 0 interrupt occurs after the charac ter under the cursor has been replaced but before the cursor pointer CURSOR has been updated the old cursor loca tion can be left with incorrect intensity This happens very rarely and PFM would be difficult to patch for the prob lem If you are using the SWP monitor overlay the easiest fix is to reset the blink counter near the beginning of the CRT OUT routine just after the input char has been saved in register C This gives CRTOUT about 250 mS to do its thing Blink Counter Reset ld a a ld a blnkval ld blnklk a existing jadded instructions It s surprising how effective screen displays appear when areas can be em phasized or de emphasized with high or low video Figure 1 Blinking Cursor Routine blnktim etevec ctcd cursor bitdat we we we we software cursor blink routine uses ctcQ equ equ equ equ equ org 15 off10h 18h off73h ich 100h for 4 MHz processor about 250mS saddress for interrupt vector table seteO address scurrent absolute cursor address storage sbank bit port address first move interrupt routine to final location and initialize vector ld ld ld ex ld ldir ld ld ld o
242. uation This is done with Function 50 Direct BIOS Call When using this function rather than loading the CPU registers with the argu ments that will be passed to the BIOS routine you must store the arguments along with the number of the BIOS rou tine you wish to execute in a 5 byte de scriptor block in memory Then you must place the offset address of the de scriptor into register DX Figure 1 contains a subroutine which makes the currently selected drive seek track TRACKNO As I previously mentioned using the BIOS directly is NOT recommended DR wrote the specifications of the BIOS rou tines with very specific purposes in mind if your purposes don t resemble theirs you can get confused For in stance the CP M manual states that the BIOS SETTRK routine may be setup to delay the actual seek until a disk READ or WRITE operation occurs That means _ that if you were using the preceding ex ample in a drive test program and you wanted to just perform random seeks you would have to SETTRK and then do a READ before the head would actually seek Monitor Disk Copy The following little routine showed up at Micro C during the SOG It shows how to duplicate a SSSD 8 inch disk us continued next page Pe SN A NS a a NN Micro Cornucopia Number 21 December January 1985 l 31 THE SLICER COLUMN continued ing the Slicer s debug monitor It is a really neat way of showing the power that was built
243. up the CP M auto load 2 SWEEP directory file transer routine 3 A Lets BB I recognize a double sided drive as one drive with 494K of usable space 4 FIX super disk utility does everything much easier to use than DU77 5 Compare files routine 6 UNERA retrieve erased files 7 FIND check all drives on system for a file 8 MENU menu program for CP M 9 NEWCAT enhanced disk catalog program 10 Single drive copy program that does track by track copies rather than file by file USERS DISK 11 Printer Utilities 1 Microline 92 printer routine 2 Graphics display package for MX 80 with Graftrax very fancy 3 Epson MX80 setup for BB 1 with 59 5K CP M 4 Epson MX8 setup for any CP M lets you set print modes 5 Micro Tek print driver Ports A amp B USERS DISK 12 Games for BB I 1 ALIENS a fast exciting arcade game 2 ZCHESS chess with a 1 6 level look ahead 3 MASTERMIND match wits with the computer 4 BIO Biorhythm charts complete with graphics on the BBI 5 LIFE so fast it s real animation 6 CRAPS see how much you d lose in Vegas 7 WUMPUS a caver s delight kill the Wumpus or be killed 8 PRESSUP similar to Othello 9 Games 7 games in one program includes blackjack maze and animal USERS DISK 13 General Utilities BB 1 1 ZZSOURCE disassembles to real Zilog mnemonics 2 EX14 superset of submit or supersub 3 MOVPATCH lets you use MOVECPM on other copies of CP M 4 XMON 3K expanded BB I monitor use in ROM or as overl
244. vailable for OSBORNE and DEC RAINBOW computers Dealer inquiries invited 44 Micro Cornucopia Number 21 December January 1985 EE EPROM PROGRAMMERS amp UV ERASERS avo PAL PROGRAMMERS See us a COMDEX SPRING ATLANTA UV ERASERS QUV T8 1 49 95 HOBBY QUV T8 2N 68 95 INDUSTRIAL QUV T8 2T 97 50 WITH TIMER amp SAFETY SWITCH i N vos GANGPRO 8 995 00 GANG PROGRAMMER Money Back Guarantee Add Shipping RS 232 serial STAND ALONE INTELLIGENT EASY DUPLICATION USER FRIENDLY 128K BUFFER SUPPORTS MOST 8K 16K 32K 64K 128K 256K EPROMS PROMPRO 8 KEY PAD OPTION EPROM SIMULATION MODE Microcomputer Chips 8748 H 8749H 8750 8751 8741 8742 8755A SOFTWARE DRIVERS MDS ISIS TEKTRONICS 8002 IBM PC ATARI APPLE II CPM FLEX TRS 80 DIRECT HOOK UP TO ANY DUMB TERMINAL OR COMPUTER AFFORDABLE x RELIABLE x AVAILABLE DISTRIBUTOR INQUIRY WELCOME TO ORDER 1 800 EE1 PROM LOGICAL DEVICES INC 1321 N W 65 Place Ft Lauderdale FL 33309 For Infa 305 974 0967 POWER SUPPLY For the BIG BOARD and other SBC s Assembled tested and burned in 48 hours e SV 4A DVP 24 V 2 5A 12V 2A e All supplies have over current protection e Bell circuit and Piezo speaker for BB e Low line warning circuit brown out e input 105 120 VAC 50 60 Hz 1 0 A 04 5 H 3 8 D 11 51b Ty Bid Mouth CALL MORNINGS FO
245. want high returns but they _ don t want to lose their cash So venture capital is not risk capital At least venture people think they don t take risks What they want is the bottom line and the management team They want an MBA from Stanford or Harvard who has worked 5 years at In tel 4 years at IBM 6 years at Apple 7 years at VisiCorp and is 22 years old Unfortunately I was 30 and didn t have an MBA They told me You re a dumb engineer you don t know anything about management Software at 50 You re crazy You have to sell software at 300 to make a profit After a while I found out that I was wasting my time I got absolutely no where and I was finally so broke that I had to do some consulting for the com puter store next door I rented a little of fice and I wrote little things for custom ers an accounting package and other crazy stuff Looking For The Wrong Thing The problem with venture capitalists is that they think everything is in the marketing team and the management team who is going to carry your prod uct how you are going to do your distri bution etc Well my idea was that it was very easy to find people who could do that Just put an adin any paper and you can find people who know about mar keting who know about distribution and who know how to put an ad togeth er Now put an ad in the paper and try to find a debugged software program that will be a best seller
246. with 3 more days grace for return Credit cards accepted preferred Other 5 disk formats also available Downloading disk format conversions Call User Group Software Automatic Update Ser vice 7 50 per 2 volume set PP 619 727 1015 24 hrs Recording 619 941 0925 info National Public Do main Software Center 1533 Avohill Drive Vista CA 92083 SUPERB MAILING LIST PROGRAM stores and manages names and addresses that can be revised at any time Its size is limited only by the disk storage available The address labels may be code selected and printed in five different formats on your com puter paper or on lable rolls In addition to the name and address fields there are four additional fields in each record for telephone number date and two amount fields if desired At any time the entire roster may be printed out For JCP M 2 2 based systems with two disk drives and printer capable of 132 col umns for maximum usage Terminal installation program module included Supplied on 8 SSSD 5 25 Kaypro and many others please write Spe cial introductory offer by ABLE DATA SOFTWARE INC PO Box 86923 Station C North Vancouver BC V7L 4P6 Only USA 19 95 postpaid check or mon ey order KAYPRO SOFTWARE hardware information technical updates and two RCP M systems with 26Mb of on line storage The Tampa Bay Kaypro Us er s Group has the largest public domain library and more current Kaypro specific programs than KUG The TBKUG
247. with many examples Ten demonstration flowcharts included Special printer drivers included for MX80 and u92 that produce small flowcharts directly on 8 5 x 11 inch paper 49 95 59 95 in Canada 7 PST in Ontario Runs on Z80 CPM 2 2 machines with 38K TPA Available on SSSD 8 and Kaypro 5 disks Other 5 formats call i Available by check money order or Visa HavenTree Software Limited R R 1 Seeley s Bay Ontario Canada KOH 2N0 613 542 7270 x eM Me MR MR HM He MH HR OH OM FOR SALE PRINTER BY OKIDATA MICROLINE 80 80 CHARACTERS PER SECOND 7X9 DOT MATRIX 10 CHARACTERS PER INCH 6 OR 8 LINES PER INCH FRICTION FEED BUILT IN SELF TEST NEW RIBBON REMOVED FROM SERVICE COMPLETE DOCUMENTATION PARALLEL INTERFACE SERIAL INTERFACE KEYBOARD BY MICROSWITCH 113 HALL EFFECT KEYS 8 BIT ASCII PARALLEL OUTPUT WITH CASE amp DOCUMENTATION 40 00 SA8O0O 2 GUARANTEED 60 DAYS 99 00 SA850 GUARANTEED 60 DAYS 199 00 CASCADE ELECTRONICS INC ROUTE BOX 8 RANDOLPH MN 55065 eX 507 645 7997 ae MN ADD 6 Sales Tax Credit Card ADD 5 COD ADD 2 00 LIMITED TO STOCK ON HAND EVENING CALLS PREFERED ey He HH YH HM HY MR He MH yy y BIG BOARD COLOR GRAPHICS 2975 TMS 9918A Based Graphics System 256H 192V x 16 Colors 32 Simultaneous Fast Moving Sprites Composite Video Output Highest Quality PC Construction Software Includes Character amp Sp
248. ws connection of a Standard Composite Monitor An absolute necessity for those who need a larger screen Of bigger characters lt o o Kaypro Il 4 59 95 Kaypro 2 84 4 84 10 89 95 Includes a new character set which generates a character cell size readable bya standard composite monitor All graphics included COLOR GRAPHICS SYSTEM FOR KAYPRO 4 COLOR BOARD for Kaypro II 4 2 84 4 84 10 amp Robie 256x192 Pixel resolution 16 colors 32 sprites Software includes three editors drivers screen dump to printer and disk six month subcription to Micro Cornucopia Generates standard composite color RF modulator is required for color TV operation fet in a ey 245 09 BLUESINTERE SF cREERSARI NI PaL P Tes4se7851it FRECCE i2s COLOR BOARD SOFTWARE TLC LOGO featuring multiple turtles multiprocessing mode fast easy to use and easy to learn This is the graphics language the schools rave about There are many facets _to TLC LOGO including LISP commands 12 SPECIAL Color Board and Deluxe Version of LOGO 299 95 an INSTANT GRAPHER 2 0 allows bar charts stacked bar charts and _ line graphs Accepts up to 24x24 arrays or 180 points per plot Reads numbers directly from Perfect Calc CalcStar or other standard disk print files Screen dump to gt printer program on color board disk also works eee 20 00 SUPPLY STORE SPECIALS ECHO LIFETIME WARRANTY DISKETTES ee n o lt
249. y 5266 Hollister Suite 224 Santa Barbara CA 93111 805 683 1585 4 Jumper U74 pin 10 to U94 pin 13 The latched attribute bit is now available on U94 pin 11 5 If you want the attribute bit to cause reduced intensity connect U94 pin 12 to U94 pin 14 5V for high intensity con nect to pin 7 gnd At this point the hardware changes are different for composite video and separate video Separate video 6 Remove R21 to eliminate any effect of the composite video circuitry on the TTL level video 7 Cut trace from U94 pin 8 to J6 pin 2 8 Connect 47 ohm resistor between U94 pin 8 and J6 pin 2 9 Connect 220 ohm resistor between U94 pin 11 and J6 pin 2 10 CHECK YOUR WORK Characters with bit 7 set will now be displayed with altered intensity De HackerSwitch RS232 Configurable Interface Switch A sanitary alternative to dealing with cables 2 switches between 2 devices S3 switches between 3 devices SX swaps 2 x 2 devices Other RS 232 and parallel interface accessaries are available starting at 20 00 A Write for brochure LITEK 6245 Columbia Ave St Louis MO 63139 pending on your CRT you may need to adjust contrast and brightness and or try different resistor values in steps 8 amp 9 above Composite video 6 Connect a3K to 5K resistor between U94 pin 11 and the base of Q1 7 CHECK YOUR WORK NOTE I did not have a composite vid eo monitor
250. y default externs That is if the function you are calling isn t in your main program the compiler does not complain it just assumes it will ap pear when you link your program with the libraries 5 Keywords are words like if for do while switch and they are definitely built into the compiler These words tell the compiler that you want to doa for loop or a switch or an if 6 Obviously if you could alter this Micro C Staff list you would not have a C compiler an ymore No you can t alter it at least that I know of You could use DDT I guess but why would you want to do that 7 h files are called header files and _ they provide commonly used defines variables and data structures for your program For example the stdio h file contains C s standard input output rou tines and defines commonly used num bers like zero NULL or 1 usually used as an ERROR indicator as in if x ERROR exit By defining con stants we alleviate much grief when it comes time to transport our code to an other machine or compiler It also makes life easier since we can attach a name to the number pi 3 14159 for instance 8 Generally speaking you put rou tines you ll be using in many programs into libraries You can also split a large program into separately compiled seg ments to make the debug compile proc ess go faster E Is For Example For example I was working on a C
251. ystem THE 16 BIT CO PROCESSOR TO BE MEASURED BY THE COMPANY IT KEEPS Kaypro 2 Osborn I TRS 80 1 Bigboard Max80 Heath H8 Altos Dynabyte Xerox 820 1 Horizon Heath H89 Systems Multitech Intersystem Televideo 802 Teletek Cromemcro Morrow MD3 Discovery Exidy Sorcer TRS 80 4 Xerox 820 II Altos Series 5 Microengine Magic Superbrain Morrow MD11 Davidge Northstar Televideo 803 Eagle 1 Epson QX10 Lobo 8000 10 Lanier EZ1 Zorba TRS 80 1I North Star TRS 80 III Monolithic Convertable BMC Ithaca Kaypro 4 Osborn Exec Compupro Altos 8000 12 DEC VT180 Kaypro 10 Wave Mate Bullet Portabrain TRS 80 12 TRS 80 16A Sierra Vector Advantage and many other Z80 systems owners are all extremely satisfied with the CO1686 ATTACHED RESOURCE PROCESSOR And why shouldn t they be Look at these impressive features e A True 16 Bit 8086 Processor 256K to 768K RAM e MS DOS 2 11 amp CPM86 Emulation of 80 of PC ROM BIOS e Easily installed on any Z80 based system e Available in an external cabinet w power supply e Optional 8087 Math Co Processor Real Time Clock 8 Level Interrupt Controller fan with a higher velocity unit of the same size and voltage It s a plastic 12 volt DC fan 2 1 4 inches in diameter and it looks like it belongs in a child s toy I scoured all my catalogs fliers and magazines for a suitable replacement that did not cost

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