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1. 51 CAN OBD2 Introduction WHAT IS OBD WHAT IS OBD The CAN OBD2 Code Reader is designed to work on all OBD 2 compliant vehicles All 1996 and newer vehicles cars light trucks and SUVs sold in the United States are OBD 2 compliant One of the most exciting improvements the automobile industry was the addition of on board diagnostics OBD on vehicles NALS Z or in more basic terms the computer that ETT activates the vehicles CHECK ENGINE light OBD 1 was designed to monitor manu facturer specific systems on vehicles built from 1981 to 1995 Then came the develop ment of OBD 2 which is on all 1996 and newer vehicles sold in the U S Like its predecessor OBD 2 was adopted as part of a government mandate to lower vehicle emissions But what makes OBD 2 unique is its universal application for all late model cars and trucks domestic and import This sophisticated program in the vehicle s main computer system is designed to detect failures in a range of systems and can be accessed through a universal OBD 2 port which is usually found under the dashboard For all OBD systems if a problem is found the computer turns on the CHECK ENGINE light to warn the driver and sets a Diagnostic Trouble Code DTC to identify where the problem occurred A special diagnostic tool such as the CAN OBD2 Code Reader is required to retrieve these codes which consumers and pro fessionals use as a starting point fo
2. Freeze Frame of the conditions present in the engine or emis sions system when the MIL was ordered On is saved in the com puter s memory for later retrieval This information shows fuel sys tem status closed loop or open loop engine load coolant tem perature fuel trim value MAP vacuum engine RPM and DTC pri ority When a Type B DTC is found on the First Trip the following events take place The computer sets a Pending DTC but the MIL is not ordered On Freeze Frame data may or may not be saved at this time depend ing on manufacturer The Pending DTC is saved in the computer s memory for later retrieval If the failure is found on the second consecutive trip the MIL is ordered On Freeze Frame data is saved the computer s mem ory If the failure is not found on the second Trip the Pending DTC is erased from the computer s memory The MIL will stay lit for both Type A and Type B codes until one of the following conditions occurs 22 If the conditions that caused the MIL to light are no longer present for the next three trips in a row the computer automatically turns the MIL Off if no other emissions related faults are present However the DTCs remain in the computer s memory as a history code for 40 warm up cycles 80 warm up cycles for fuel and misfire faults The DTCs are automatically erased if the fault that caused them to be set is not detected again during that p
3. F 0 C Above 55 F 13 C CHECK ENGINE LIGHT DASH WARNING LIGHT Sometimes ON C Always ON C Never ON PECULIAR SMELLS Hot Gasoline Sulfur rotten egg Burning oil Burning rubber Electrical STRANGE NOISES Rattle Squeak Knock Other 32 CAN OBD2 Preparation for Testing BEFORE YOU BEGIN BEFORE YOU BEGIN The CAN OBD2 Code Reader aids in monitoring electronic and emissions related faults in your vehicle and retrieving fault codes related to malfunc tions in these systems Mechanical problems such as low oil level or damaged hoses wiring or electrical connectors can cause poor engine perform ance and may also cause a fault code to set Fix any known mechan ical problems before performing any test See your vehicle s service manual or a mechanic for more information Check the following areas before starting any test m Check the engine oil power steering fluid transmission fluid if applicable engine coolant and other fluids for proper levels Top off low fluid levels if needed m Make sure the air filter is clean and in good condition Make sure all air filter ducts are properly connected Check the air filter ducts for holes rips or cracks m Make sure all engine belts are in good condition Check for cracked torn brittle loose or missing belts m Make sure mechanical linkages to engine sensors throttle gearshift position transmission
4. ide a toxic and poisonous gas To prevent serious injury or death from carbon monoxide poisoning operate the vehicle ONLY in a well ventilated area To protect your eyes from propelled objects as well as hot or caustic liquids always wear approved safety eye protection When an engine is running many parts such as the coolant fan pulleys fan belt etc turn at high speed To avoid serious injury always be aware of moving parts Keep a safe distance from these parts as well as other potentially moving objects Engine parts become very hot when the engine is run ning To prevent severe burns avoid contact with hot engine parts Before starting an engine for testing or trouble shoot ing make sure the parking brake is engaged Put the transmission in park for automatic transmission or neutral for manual transmission Block the drive wheels with suitable blocks Connecting or disconnecting test equipment when the ignition is ON can damage test equipment and the vehi cle s electronic components Turn the ignition OFF before connecting the Code Reader to or disconnecting the Code Reader from the vehicle s Data Link Connector DLC CAN OBD2 3 Safety Precautions SAFETY FIRST To prevent damage to the on board computer when tak ing vehicle electrical measurements always use a digi tal multimeter with at least 10 megOhms of impedance Fuel and battery vapors are highly flammable To pre vent an ex
5. Code Reader for your particular needs The following adjustments and settings can be made m Adjust Brightness Adjusts the brightness of the LCD display screen m Demo Mode Sample data kept in the Code Reader s memory to use as examples and for demonstration purposes m Select Language Sets the display language for the Code Reader to English Spanish or English French m Unit of Measure Sets the Unit of Measure for the Code Reader s display to USA or metric Adjustments and settings can be made only when the Code Reader is NOT connected to a vehicle To enter the MENU Mode 1 With the Code Reader off press and hold the UP button then press and release the POWER LINK button m The adjustments and setting MENU displays 2 Release the UP button DO NOT release the UP 2 button until the adjustments and settings MENU is visible on the display 3 Make adjustments and settings as described in the following para graphs Adjusting Display Brightness 1 Use the UP and DOWN but tons as necessary to highlight Adjust Brightness in the MENU then press the ENTER FF button m The Adjust Brightness screen dis plays m The Brightness field shows the cur rent brightness setting from 0 to 43 2 Press the UP button to decrease the brightness of the LCD display make the display darker CAN OBD2 7 About the Code Reader ADJUSTMENTS AND SETTINGS 3 Press the DOWN but
6. Code Reader will display a code 20259580 09 only if codes are present the vehi cle s computer memory If no codes are present a No are present ly stored in the vehicle s computer is displayed SYSTEM STATUS 3 NE m The Code Reader is capable of retrieving and storing up to 32 codes in memory for immediate or later viewing 8 To read the display Refer to Display Functions on page 25 for a description of LCD display elements m A visible amp icon indicates that the Code Reader is being pow ered through the vehicle s DLC connector A visible ab icon indicates that the Code Reader is linked to communicating with the vehicle s computer m The Monitor Status icons indicate the type and number of Monitors the vehicle supports and provides indications of the current status of the vehicle s Monitors A solid Monitor icon indi cates the associated Monitor has run and completed its testing A blinking Monitor icon indicates the associated Monitor has not run and completed its testing m The upper right hand corner of the display shows the number of the code cope I SEOs fe gem mA currently being displayed the total number of codes retrieved the type of code G Generic E Enhanced or Manufacturer specific and whether or not the displayed code commanded the MIL on If the code being displayed is a PENDING code the PENDING icon is shown m The Diagnostic T
7. ality and rationality Rationality Each input signal is compared against all other inputs and against information in the computer s memory to see if it makes sense under the current operating conditions Example The signal from the throttle position sensor indi cates the vehicle is in a wide open throttle condition but the vehicle is really at idle and the idle condition is confirmed by the signals from all other sensors Based on the input data the computer determines that the signal from the throttle position sensor is not rational does not make sense when compared to the other inputs In this case the signal would fail the rationality test The CCM may be either a One Trip or a Two Trip Monitor depend ing on the component Fuel System Monitor This Monitor uses a Fuel System Cor rection program called Fuel Trim inside the on board comput er Fuel Trim is a set of positive and negative values that represent adding or subtracting fuel from the engine This program is used to cor rect for a lean too much air not enough fuel or rich too much fuel not enough air air fuel mixture The program is designed to add or sub tract fuel as needed up to a certain percent If the correction needed is too large and exceeds the time and percent allowed by the program a fault is indicated by the computer The Fuel System Monitor may be a One Trip or Two Trip Monitor depending on the severity of the problem 2
8. but ton A confirmation message shows on the LCD display f you are sure you want to proceed press the ERASE button again to erase DTCs from the vehicle s com puter f you do not want to continue with the erase process press the POWER LINK button to exit the erase mode 4 If you chose to erase DTCs a progress screen displays while the erase function is in progress m lf the erase was successful a confir mation message shows on the LCD display Press the POWER LINK button to return to the DTC Screen m f the erase was not successful an advisory message shows on the LCD display Verify that the Code Reader is properly connected to the vehicle s DLC and that the ignition is on then repeat steps 2 and 3 above Erasing DTCs does not fix the problem s that caused the code s to be set If proper repairs to correct the problem that caused the code s to be set are not made the code s will appear again and the check engine light will illuminate as soon as the vehicle is driven long enough for its Monitors to complete their testing I M READINESS TESTING is an Inspection and Maintenance program legislated by the Government to meet federal clean air standards The program requires that a vehicle be taken periodically to an Emissions Station for an Emissions Test or Smog Check where the emissions related components and systems are inspected and tested for proper operation Emissions Te
9. load throttle position air fuel ratio etc TYPICAL COMPUTER OUTPUT DEVICES CONTROL SYSTEM Fuel Injectors Idle Air Control EGR Valve Ignition Module AN NS Computer INPUT DEVICES Coolant Temperature Sensor Throttle Position Sensor Fuel Injectors INPUT DEVICES Oxygen Sensors CAN OBD2 15 Onboard Diagnostics COMPUTER ENGINE CONTROLS The computer compares the values received from these sensors with its preset reference values and makes corrective actions as needed so that the sensor values always match the preset reference values for the current driving condition The computer makes adjustments by commanding other devices such as the fuel injectors idle air control EGR valve or Ignition Module to perform these actions Vehicle operating conditions are constantly changing The computer continuously makes adjustments or corrections especially to the air fuel mixture and spark timing to keep all the engine systems oper ating within the preset reference values On Board Diagnostics First Generation OBD 1 With the exception of some 1994 and 1995 vehicles most vehicles from 1982 to 1995 are equipped with some type of first generation On Board Diagnostics Beginning in 1988 California s Air Resources Board CARB and later the Environmental Protection Agency EPA required vehicle manufacturers to include a self diagnostic program in their on board computers The pro gram
10. procedures repair the fault or faults as instructed 2 After the fault or faults have been repaired connect the Code Reader to the vehicle s DLC and erase the code or codes from the vehicle s computer memory W See page 41 for procedures to erase DTCs from the vehicle s on board computer m Write the codes down on a piece of paper for reference before erasing 3 After the erase procedure is performed most of the Monitor icons on the Code Reader s LCD display will be flashing Leave the Code Reader connected to the vehicle and perform a Trip Drive Cycle for each flashing Monitor Misfire Fuel and Comprehensive Component Monitors run continuously and their icons will always be on solid even after the erase function is performed m Each DTC is associated with a specific Monitor Consult the vehi cle s service manual to identify the Monitor or Monitors associ ated with the faults that were repaired Follow the manufacturer s procedures to perform a Trip Drive Cycle for the appropriate Monitors m While observing the Monitor icons on the Code Readers LCD display perform a Trip Drive Cycle for the appropriate Monitor or Monitors CAN OBD2 47 Using the Code Reader I M READINESS TESTING If the vehicle needs to be driven in order to perform a Trip Drive Cycle ALWAYS have a second person help you One person should drive the vehicle while the other per son observes the Monitor icons on the Code Reader for Monit
11. the combus tion process during engine warm up 2 The extra oxygen injected into the exhaust stream also helps the catalytic converter reach operating temperature more quickly dur ing warm up periods The catalytic converter must heat to operat ing temperature to work properly The Secondary Air System Monitor checks for component integrity and system operation and tests for faults in the system The computer runs this Monitor once per trip The Secondary Air System Monitor is a Two Trip monitor If a fault is found on the first trip the computer temporarily saves this fault in its memory as a Pending Code The computer does not command the MIL on at this time If the fault is sensed again on the second trip the computer commands the MIL On and saves the code in its long term memory CAN OBD2 Onboard Diagnostics OBD 2 MONITORS OBD 2 Reference Table The table below lists current OBD 2 Monitors and indicates the fol lowing for each Monitor A Monitor Type how often does the Monitor run Continuous or Once per trip B Number of trips needed with a fault present to set a pending DTC C Number of consecutive trips needed with a fault present to com mand the MIL On and store a DTC D Number of trips needed with no faults present to erase a Pending DTC E Number and type of trips or drive cycles needed with no faults present to turn off the MIL F Number of warm up periods needed to er
12. vehicle further SYSTEM STATUS NE If the Red LED was obtained there is a definite problem present in the system s In these cases you have the following options m Repair the vehicle yourself If you are going to perform the repairs yourself proceed by reading the vehicle service manual and following all its procedures and recommendations m Take the vehicle to a professional to have it serviced The prob lem s causing the red LED to light must be repaired before the vehicle is ready for an Emissions Test Smog Check 46 CAN OBD2 Using the Code Reader I M READINESS TESTING On some vehicle models the computer will store non emission related DTCs These DTCs will not command the MIL on since they are not emission related If the Code Reader retrieves one of these types of codes the MIL will not be commanded on and the Yellow LED on the Code Reader will be iluminated In most cases these types of codes will not prevent the Emissions Test from being performed Using the I M Readiness Monitor Status to Confirm a Repair The I M Readiness Monitor Status function can be used after repair of a fault has been performed to confirm that the repair has been per formed correctly and or to check for Monitor Run Status Use the fol lowing procedure to determine I M Readiness Monitor Status 1 Using retrieved Diagnostic Trouble Codes DTCs and code defini tions as a guide and following manufacturer s repair
13. vehicles The Code Reader automatically dis plays the code definitions for Generic DTC s m DTC s that start with P1 and some are Enhanced Manufacturer spe cific codes and their code definitions gSos B vary with each vehicle manufacturer When an Enhanced Manufacturer specific DTC is retrieved the LCD dis play shows a list of vehicle manufactur ers Use the UP and DOWN buttons as necessary to highlight the appropriate manufacturer then press the ENTER FF button to display the correct code definition for your vehicle If the manufacturer for your vehicle is not listed use the UP and DOWN buttons as necessary to select Other manufacturer and press the ENTER FF but ton for additional DTC information If the Manufacturer Specific definition for the currently dis CHES os played code is not available an advisory message shows on the Code Readers LCD dis play 10 If more than one code was retrieved press the DTC SCROLL button as necessary to display additional codes one at a time Whenever the Scroll function is used to view additional codes the Code Reader s communication link with the vehicle s com puter disconnects To re establish communication press the LINK button again CAN OBD2 39 Using the Code Reader CODE RETRIEVAL PROCEDURE 11 Freeze Frame Data if available can be viewed at any time except MENU mo
14. when cold bringing it to operating temperature and driving the vehicle under specific conditions before the Monitor can run and complete its diagnostic testing CAN OBD2 Onboard Diagnostics COMPUTER ENGINE CONTROLS m Monitor Has Has Not Run The terms Monitor has run or Monitor has not run are used throughout this manual Monitor has run means the PCM has commanded a particular Monitor to perform the required diagnostic testing on a system to ensure the System is operating correctly within factory specifications The term Monitor has not run means the PCM has not yet com manded a particular Monitor to perform diagnostic testing on its associated part of the emissions system m Trip A Trip for a particular Monitor requires that the vehicle is being driven in such a way that all the required Enabling Criteria for the Monitor to run and complete its diagnostic testing are met The Trip Drive Cycle for a particular Monitor begins when the ignition key is turned On It is successfully completed when all the Enabling Criteria for the Monitor to run and complete its diagnostic testing are met by the time the ignition key is turned Since each of the eleven monitors is designed to run diagnostics and testing on a different part of the engine or emissions system the Trip Drive Cycle needed for each individual Monitor to run and complete varies m OBD 2 Drive Cycle An OBD 2 Drive Cycle is an e
15. 4 CAN OBD2 Onboard Diagnostics OBD 2 MONITORS Misfire Monitor This Monitor continuously checks for engine misfires A misfire occurs when the air fuel mixture in the cylin der does not ignite The misfire Monitor uses changes in crankshaft speed to sense an engine misfire When a cylinder misfires it no longer contributes to the speed of the engine and engine speed decreases each time the affected cylinder s misfire The misfire Monitor is designed to sense engine speed fluctuations and determine from which cylinder s the misfire is coming as well as how bad the misfire is There are three types of engine misfires Types 1 2 and 3 Type 1 and Type 3 misfires are two trip monitor faults If a fault is sensed on the first trip the computer temporarily saves the fault in its memory as a Pending Code The MIL is not commanded on at this time If the fault is found again on the second trip under similar conditions of engine speed load and temperature the computer commands the MIL On and the code is saved in its long term mem ory Type 2 misfires are the most severe type of misfire When a Type 2 misfire is sensed on the first trip the computer commands the MIL to light when the misfire is sensed If the computer determines that a Type 2 misfire is severe and may cause catalytic converter dam age it commands the MIL to flash once per second as soon as the misfire is sensed When the misfire is no longer presen
16. D 2 accepted term for the vehicle s on board computer In addition to controlling the engine management and emissions systems the PCM also participates in controlling the powertrain transmission operation Most PCMs also have the ability to communicate with other computers on the vehicle ABS ride control body etc Monitor Monitors are diagnostic routines programmed into the PCM The PCM utilizes these programs to run diagnostic tests and to monitor operation of the vehicle s emissions related components or systems to ensure they are operating correctly and within the vehicle s manufacturer specifications Currently up to eleven Monitors are used in OBD 2 systems Additional Monitors will be added as the OBD 2 system is further developed a Not all vehicles support all eleven Monitors 18 Enabling Criteria Each Monitor is designed to test and monitor the operation of a specific part of the vehicle s emissions system EGR system oxygen sensor catalytic converter etc A specific set of conditions or driving procedures must be met before the computer can command a Monitor to run tests on its related sys tem These conditions are known as Enabling Criteria The requirements and procedures vary for each Monitor Some Monitors only require the ignition key to be turned On for them to run and complete their diagnostic testing Others may require a set of com plex procedures such as starting the vehicle
17. DIGITAL Cc lt gt CODE READER OWNER S MANUAL The Easiest And Best Way To Troubleshoot 1996 and Newer OBD2 Vehicles Table of Contents Title Page No INTRODUCTION What iS OBD eR aa ope x 1 YOU CAN DO IT 2 rn nea 2 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS Safety Fits XR EUR ra Fes ae d 3 ABOUT THE CODE READER Vehicles Covered 5 Battery Replacement 6 Adjustments and Settings 7 CODE READER CONTROLS Controls and Indicators 10 Display Functions sse enm 12 ONBOARD DIAGNOSTICS Computer Engine Controls 14 Diagnostic Trouble Codes DTCs 20 OBD Z MORIIOIS he PRI YS eas 23 PREPARATION FOR TESTING Preliminary Vehicle Diagnosis Worksheet 30 Before You Begin 0 eee eee eee eee 33 USING THE CODE READER Code Retrieval Procedure 35 Erasing Diagnostic Trouble Codes DTCs 40 I M Readiness Testing 42 GLOSSARY Introduction cee emn kenne ues 49 Glossary of Terms and Abbreviations 49 WARRANTY AND SERVICING Limited One Year Warranty 51 Service Procedures
18. VICE MANUAL FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION TUNE UP CONDITIONS NORMAL OPERATING ENGINE TEMPERATURE CERTIFIED ACCESSORIES OFF COOLING FAN OFF TRANSMISSION IN NEUTRAL EXHAUST EMISSIONS STANDARDS STANDARD CATEGORY CERTIFICATION IN USE TLEV TLEV INTERMEDIATE SPARK PLUG emere lll GAP 1 1MM 2 Government Regulations require that all OBD2 compliant vehicles must Oj 415161718 have a common sixteen pin Data 1213141516 Link Connector DLC Some 1994 and 1995 vehicles have 16 pin connectors but are not OBD 2 compliant Only those vehicles with a Vehicle Emissions Control Label stating II Certified are OBD 2 compliant Data Link Connector DLC Location The 16 pin DLC is usually located under the instrument panel dash within 12 inches 300 mm of center of the panel on the driver s side of most vehicles It should be eas ily accessible and visible from a kneeling position outside the vehicle with the door open LEFTCORNER DASH OF DASH CAN OBD2 5 About the Code Reader VEHICLES COVERED BATTERY REPLACEMENT On some Asian and European vehicles the DLC is located behind the ashtray the ashtray must be removed to access it or on the far left corner of the dash If the DLC cannot be located consult the vehicle s service manual for the location BATTERY REPLACEMENT 1 Locate the battery cover on the back of th
19. ader s LCD display shows a 0 zero indicating there no DTC s f present in the vehicle s computer memory but the yellow LED is illu minated it may be an indication that some of the Monitors supported by the vehicle have not yet run and com pleted their diagnostic testing Check the Code Reader s LCD display for confirmation All Monitor icons that are blinking have not yet run and completed their diagnostic testing all Monitor icons that are solid have run and completed their diagnostic testing SYSTEM STATUS SYSTEM STATUS eee 38 CAN OBD2 Using the Code Reader CODE RETRIEVAL PROCEDURE m Red LED Indicates there is a prob lem with one or more of the vehicle s HB systems The red LED is also used to os 4o indicate that DTC s are present dis played on the Code Reader s screen In this case the Multifunction Indicator Check Engine lamp on the vehicle s instrument panel will be illuminated On some vehicle models the computer will store non emission related DTCs These DTCs will not command the MIL on since they are not emission related If the Code Reader retrieves one of these types of codes the MIL will not be commanded on and the Yellow LED on the Code Reader will be illuminated m that start with PO P2 and some are considered Generic Universal All Generic DTC definitions are the same on all OBD2 equipped
20. advance and the carburetor responded too slowly to driving conditions to properly control fuel delivery and spark timing This made it difficult for vehicle manufacturers to meet the new standards A new Engine Control System had to be designed and integrated with the engine controls to meet the stricter standards The new system had to m Respond instantly to supply the proper mixture of air and fuel for any driving condition idle cruising low speed driving high speed driving etc m Calculate instantly the best time to ignite the air fuel mixture for maximum engine efficiency m Perform both these tasks without affecting vehicle performance or fuel economy Vehicle Computer Control Systems can perform millions of calcula tions each second This makes them an ideal substitute for the slower mechanical engine controls By switching from mechanical to elec tronic engine controls vehicle manufacturers are able to control fuel delivery and spark timing more precisely Some newer Computer Control Systems also provide control over other vehicle functions such as transmission brakes charging body and suspension sys tems 14 CAN OBD2 Onboard Diagnostics COMPUTER ENGINE CONTROLS The Basic Engine Computer Control System The Computer Control System consists of an on board computer and several related control devices sensors switches and actuators The on board computer is the heart of the Computer Contro
21. agnostic program assigns a diagnostic trouble code DTC that points to the system and sub system where the fault was found The diag nostic program saves the code in the com puter s memory It records a Freeze Frame of conditions present when the fault was found and lights the Malfunction Indicator Lamp MIL Some faults require detection for two trips in a row before the MIL is turned on The Malfunction Indicator Lamp MIL is the accepted term used to describe the lamp on the dashboard that lights to warn the driver that an emissions related fault has been found Some manufacturers may still call this lamp a Check Engine or Service Engine Soon light CAN OBD2 21 Onboard Diagnostics DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODES DTCs There are two types of DTCs used for emissions related faults Type A and Type B Type A codes are One Trip codes Type B DTCs are usually Two Trip DTCs When a Type A DTC is found on the First Trip the following events take place The computer commands the MIL On when the failure is first found If the failure causes a severe misfire that may cause damage to the catalytic converter the MIL flashes once per second The MIL continues to flash as long as the condition exists If the condition that caused the MIL to flash is no longer present the MIL will light steady On A DTC is saved in the computer s memory for later retrieval A
22. ase the DTC from the computer s memory after the MIL is turned off Name of Monitor Comprehensive Continuous 3 Component Monitor Mass Misfire Monitor 3 similar Continuous ia Type 1 and 3 Leg conditions Misfire Monitor 3 similar Type 2 Continuous conditions Fuel System Continuous 3 similar Monitor conditions Catalytic Converter Once per Monitor trip 3 trips Oxygen Sensor Once per 3 trips Monitor trip Oxygen Sensor Once per Heater Monitor trip 3 trips Exhaust Gas Recirculation EGR Monitor Once per trip 3 trips Evaporative Emissions Controls Monitor Once per trip 3 trips Secondary Air System AIR Monitor Once per trip 3 trips CAN OBD2 29 Preparation for Testing PRELIMINARY VEHICLE DIAGNOSIS WORKSHEET PRELIMINARY VEHICLE DIAGNOSIS WORKSHEET The purpose of this form is to help you gather preliminary information on your vehicle before you retrieve codes By having a complete account of your vehicle s current problem s you will be able to systematically pin point the problem s by comparing your answers to the fault codes you retrieve You can also provide this information to your mechanic to assist in diagnosis and help avoid costly and unnecessary repairs It is impor tant for you to complete this form to help you and or your mechanic have a clear understanding of your vehicle s problems An electronic ver
23. aximum of eleven Monitors are used in OBD 2 systems Additional monitors may be added as a result of Government regula tions as the OBD 2 system grows and matures Not all vehicles sup port all eleven Monitors Monitor operation is either Continuous or Non Continuous depending on the specific monitor Continuous Monitors Three of these Monitors are designed to constantly monitor their asso ciated components and or systems for proper operation Continuous Monitors run constantly when the engine is running The Continuous Monitors are Comprehensive Component Monitor CCM Misfire Monitor Fuel System Monitor Non Continuous Monitors The other eight Monitors are non continuous Monitors Non continu ous Monitors perform and complete their testing once per trip The non continuous Monitors are CAN OBD2 23 Onboard Diagnostics OBD 2 MONITORS D Oxygen Sensor Monitor Oxygen Sensor Heater Monitor Catalyst Monitor Heated Catalyst Monitor EGR System Monitor QD EVAP System Monitor D Secondary Air System Monitor Air Conditioning A C Monitor The following provides a brief explanation of the function of each Monitor Comprehensive Component Monitor CCM This Monitor continuously checks all inputs and outputs from sensors actu ators switches and other devices that provide a signal to the comput er The Monitor checks for shorts opens out of range value function
24. ber of codes retrieved from the vehicle s computer 14 Generic DTC icon When visible indicates that the currently displayed DTC is a generic or universal code 15 E Enhanced DTC icon When visible indicates that the currently displayed DTC is a Manufacturer Specific Code CAN OBD2 13 Onboard Diagnostics COMPUTER ENGINE CONTROLS COMPUTER ENGINE CONTROLS The Introduction of Electronic Engine Controls Electronic Computer Control Systems make it possible for vehicle manufacturers to comply with the tougher emis sions and fuel efficiency standards mandated by State and Federal Governments As a result of increased air pollution smog in large cities such as Los Angeles the California Air Resources Board CARB and the Environmental Protection Agency EPA set new regulations and air pollution standards to deal with the problem To further complicate matters the energy crisis of the early 1970s caused a sharp increase in fuel prices over a short period As a result vehicle manufac turers were not only required to comply with the new emis sions standards they also had to make their vehicles more fuel efficient Most vehicles were required to meet a miles per gallon MPG standard set by the U S Federal Government Precise fuel delivery and spark timing are needed to reduce vehicle emissions Mechanical engine controls in use at the time such as igni tion points mechanical spark
25. d studies on OBD 1 equipped vehicles The information that was gathered from these studies showed the following m A large number of vehicles had deteriorating or degraded emissions related components These components were causing an increase in emissions m Because OBD 1 systems only detect failed components the degraded components were not setting codes m Some emissions problems related to degraded components only occur when the vehicle is being driven under a load The emission checks being conducted at the time were not performed under sim ulated driving conditions As a result a significant number of vehi cles with degraded components were passing Emissions Tests m Codes code definitions diagnostic connectors communication protocols and emissions terminology were different for each manu facturer This caused confusion for the technicians working on dif ferent make and model vehicles To address the problems made evident by this study CARB and the EPA passed new laws and standardization requirements These laws required that vehicle manufacturers to equip their new vehicles with devices capa ble of meeting all of the new emissions standards and regulations It was also decided that an enhanced on board diagnostic system capable of addressing all of these problems was needed This new system is known as On Board Diagnostics Generation Two OBD 2 The primary objective of the OBD 2 system is to comply with the lates
26. de by pressing the ENTER FF button m In OBD2 systems when an emis sions related engine malfunction o LB occurs that causes a DTC to set a soos ms d record or snapshot of engine condi tions at the time that the malfunction occurred is also saved in the vehi cle s computer memory The record saved is called Freeze Frame data Saved engine conditions include but are not limited to engine speed open or closed loop operation fuel system commands coolant temperature calculated load value fuel pressure vehi cle speed air flow rate and intake manifold pressure If more than one malfunction is present that causes more than one DTC to be set only the code with the highest pri ority will contain Freeze Frame data The code designated 01 on the Code Reader display is referred to as the PRIORITY code and Freeze Frame data always refers to this code The priority code is also the one that has com manded the MIL on Sr If Freeze Frame data is not available for the code shown eee on the LCD display when the GEOGSD u ENTER FF button is id A pressed an advisory message shows on the LCD display Press the DTC SCROLL button to return to the previous code display e Retrieved information can be uploaded to a Personal Computer PC with the use of an optional PC Link Kit For more information visit us on the Web at www canOBD2 com or call our service department See Service Procedures on page 51 for
27. e different emissions laws and regulations concerning Monitor Run Not Run status Before an Emissions Test Smog Check can be performed your vehi cle must meet certain rules requirements and procedures legislated by the Federal and state country governments where you live 1 In most areas one of the requirements that must be met before a vehicle is allowed to be Emissions Tested Smog Checked is that the vehicle does not have any Diagnostic Trouble Codes present with the exception of PENDING Diagnostic Trouble Codes 2 In addition to the requirement that no Diagnostic Trouble Codes be present some areas also require that all the Monitors that a partic ular vehicle supports indicate a Has Run status condition before an Emissions Check may be performed 44 CAN OBD2 Using the Code Reader I M READINESS TESTING 3 Other areas may only require that some but not all Monitors indi cate a Has Run status before an Emissions Test Smog Check may be performed Monitors with a Has Run status indicate that all the required conditions they needed to perform diagnosis and testing of their assigned engine area system have been met and all diagnostic testing has completed suc cessfully Monitors with a Has Not Run status have not yet met the conditions they need to perform diagnosis and test ing of their assigned engine area system and have not been able to perform diagnostic testing on that system The gr
28. e Code Reader 2 Slide the battery cover off use your fingers 3 Replace batteries with three AA size batteries for longer life use Alkaline type batteries 4 Reinstall the battery cover on the back of the Code Reader Language Selection After Battery Installation There are two versions of the Code Reader English Spanish and English French The first time the unit is turned on after the batteries are installed or replaced you must select the desired display lan guage as follows 1 Press the POWER LINK button to turn the Code Reader ON m The Select Language screen displays 2 Use the UP and DOWN but tons as necessary to highlight the desired display language 3 When the desired display language is selected press the ENTER FF but ton to confirm your selection m The selected language will remain in the Code Reader s memory as long as the batteries are not removed If the batteries are removed or go dead the language selection will be lost from the Code Reader s memory and must be reset again using steps 1 through 3 above m After the initial language selection is performed it as well as other settings can be changed as desired See ADJUSTMENTS AND SETTINGS on page 7 for further instructions 6 CAN OBD2 About the Code Reader ADJUSTMENTS AND SETTINGS ADJUSTMENTS AND SETTINGS The CAN OBD2 Code Reader lets you make several adjustments and settings to configure the
29. e emissions Closed loop operation is the best condition for both vehicle emissions and vehicle operation When the vehicle is operating in closed loop the computer uses the oxygen sensor signal for air fuel mixture cor rections In order for the computer to enter closed loop operation the oxygen sensor must reach a temperature of at least 600 F The oxygen sensor heater helps the oxygen sensor reach and maintain its minimum oper ating temperature 600 F more quickly to bring the vehicle into closed loop operation as soon as possible The Oxygen Sensor Heater Monitor is a Two Trip Monitor If a fault is found on the first trip the computer temporarily saves the fault in its memory as a Pending Code The computer does not command the MIL on at this time If the fault is sensed again on the second trip the computer commands the MIL On and saves the code in its long term memory Oxygen Sensor Monitor The Oxygen Sensor monitors how much oxygen is in the vehicle s exhaust It generates a varying voltage of up to one volt based on how much oxygen is in the exhaust gas and sends the signal to the computer The computer uses this sig nal to make corrections to the air fuel mixture If the exhaust gas has a large amount of oxygen a lean air fuel mixture the oxygen sensor generates a low voltage signal If the exhaust gas has very little oxy gen a rich mixture condition the oxygen sensor generates a high voltage signa
30. ector is keyed and will only fit one way f you have problems connecting the cable connector to the DLC rotate the connector 180 and try again m f you still have problems check the DLC on the vehicle and on the Code Reader Refer to your vehicle s service manual to prop erly check the vehicle s DLC 4 When the Code Reader s cable connec tor is properly connected to the vehicle s DLC the unit automatically turns ON and the LCD display shows instructions for linking to the vehicle s on board computer CAN OBD2 35 Using the Code Reader CODE RETRIEVAL PROCEDURE m f the unit does not power on automatically when connected to the vehicle s DLC connector it usually indicates there is no power present at the vehicle s DLC connector Check your fuse panel and replace any burned out fuses m f replacing the fuse s does not correct the problem consult your vehicle s repair manual to identify the proper computer PCM fuse circuit and perform any necessary repairs before proceeding 5 Turn the ignition on DO NOT start the engine 6 Press and release the Code Reader s POWER LINK button m The Code Reader will automatically start a check of the vehicle s comput er to determine which type of com munication protocol it is using When the Code Reader identifies the com puters communication protocol a communication link is established The protocol type used by the vehi cle s computer is shown o
31. een yellow and red LEDs provide a quick way to help you deter mine if a vehicle is ready for an Emissions Test Smog Check Follow the instructions below to perform the Quick Check Perform the Code Retrieval Procedure as described on page 35 then interpret the LED indications as follows Interpreting I M Readiness Test Results 1 GREEN LED Indicates that all engine Systems are OK and operating nor EX uS 00 mally all Monitors supported by the OSSTS vehicle have run and performed their self diagnostic testing The vehicle is ready for an Emissions Test Smog Check and there is a good possibility that it can be certified 2 YELLOW LED Determine from the Code Retrieval Procedure page 35 which of the two possible conditions is causing the yellow LED to light m If a PENDING Diagnostic Trouble Code is causing the yellow LED to light it is possible that the vehicle will be allowed to be tested for emissions and certified Currently most areas states countries will allow an Emissions Test Smog Check to be performed if the only code in the vehi SYSTEMSTATUS cle s computer is a PENDING Diagnostic Trouble Code I M MONITOR STATUS PENDING 20069 CODE fo CAN OBD2 45 Using the Code Reader I M READINESS TESTING m If the illumination of the Yellow LED is m UM MONITOR STATUS being caused by monitors that have us ue exl not run their diagnostic testing then the i
32. eriod Misfire and fuel system faults require three trips with similar condi tions before the MIL is turned Off These are trips where the engine load RPM and temperature are similar to the conditions present when the fault was first found CAN OBD2 Onboard Diagnostics 2 MONITORS After the MIL has been turned off DTCs Freeze Frame data and manufacturer specific enhanced data stay in the com puters memory Most of the enhanced data can only be retrieved with special equipment such as a Scan Tool m Erasing the DTCs from the computer s memory can also turn off the MIL See ERASING DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODES DTCs on page 41 before erasing codes from the computer s memory If a Code Reader or Scan Tool is used to erase the codes Freeze Frame data as well as other manufacturer specific enhanced data will also be erased OBD 2 MONITORS To ensure the correct operation of the various emissions related com ponents and systems a diagnostic program was developed and installed in the vehicle s on board computer The program has several procedures and diagnostic strategies Each procedure or diagnostic strategy is made to monitor the operation of and run diagnostic tests on a specific emissions related component or system These tests ensure the system is running correctly and is within the manufacturer s specifications On OBD 2 systems these procedures and diagnostic strategies are called Monitors Currently a m
33. esting and which ones have not yet run and completed testing and diagnosis of their desig nated sections of the vehicle s emissions system m f a Monitor was able to meet all the conditions required to enable it to perform the self diagnosis and testing of its assigned engine sys tem it means the monitor HAS RUN m f a Monitor has not yet met all the conditions required for it to per form the self diagnosis and testing of its assigned engine system it means the Monitor HAS NOT RUN The Monitor Run Not Run status does not show whether or not a problem exists in a system Monitor status only indicates whether a particular Monitor has or has not run and performed the self diagnosis and testing of its asso ciated system Performing I M Readiness Quick Check When a vehicle first comes from the factory all Monitors indi cate a HAVE RUN status This indicates that all Monitors have run and completed their diagnostic testing The HAVE RUN status remains in the computer s memory unless the Diagnostic Trouble Codes are erased or the vehicle s com puter memory is cleared The Code Reader allows you to retrieve Monitor System Status Infor mation to help you determine if the vehicle is ready for an Emissions Test Smog Check In addition to retrieving Diagnostic Trouble Codes the Code Reader also retrieves Monitor Run Not Run status This infor mation is very important since different areas of the state country hav
34. etc are secure and properly con nected See your vehicle s service manual for locations m Check all rubber hoses radiator and steel hoses vacuum fuel for leaks cracks blockage or other damage Make sure all hoses are routed and connected properly m Make sure all spark plugs are clean and in good condition Check for damaged loose disconnected or missing spark plug wires m Make sure the battery terminals are clean and tight Check for cor rosion or broken connections Check for proper battery and charg ing system voltages m Check all electrical wiring and harnesses for proper connection Make sure wire insulation is in good condition and there are no bare wires m Make sure the engine is mechanically sound If needed perform a compression check engine vacuum check timing check if applica ble etc CAN OBD2 33 Preparation for Testing VEHICLE SERVICE MANUALS VEHICLE SERVICE MANUALS Always refer to the manufacturer s service manual for your vehicle before performing any test or repair procedures Contact your local car dealership auto parts store or bookstore for availability of these man uals The following companies publish valuable repair manuals Haynes Publications 861 Lawrence Drive Newbury Park California 91320 Phone 800 442 9637 m Mitchell International 14145 Danielson Street Poway California 92064 Phone 888 724 6742 m Motor Publications 5600 Crooks Road Suite 200 Troy Mic
35. facturer specific enhanced data are also erased If you plan to take the vehicle to a Service Center for repair DO NOT erase the codes from the vehicle s computer If the codes are erased valuable information that might help the technician troubleshoot the problem will also be erased Erase DTCs from the computer s memory as follows When DTCs are erased from the vehicle s computer memo ry the I M Readiness Monitor Status program resets the sta tus of all Monitors to a not run flashing condition To set all of the Monitors to a DONE status an OBD 2 Drive Cycle must be performed Refer to your vehicle s service manual for information on how to perform an OBD 2 Drive Cycle for the vehicle under test Se The Code Reader must be con nected to the vehicles DLC to erase the codes from the comput ers memory If you press the ERASE button when the Code Reader is not connected to the vehicles DLC the erase instruction screen displays 1 If not connected already connect the Code Reader to the vehicle s DLC and turn the ignition If the Code Reader is already connected and linked to the vehicle s computer proceed directly to step 4 If not continue to step 2 2 Turn the ignition on DO NOT start the engine Press and release the POWER LINK amp button to establish communication with the vehicle s com puter CAN OBD2 41 Using the Code Reader I M READINESS TESTING 3 Press and release the ERASE
36. he computer does not command the MIL on at this time If the fault is sensed again on the second trip the PCM com mands the MIL On and saves the code in its long term memory 26 CAN OBD2 Onboard Diagnostics OBD 2 MONITORS Air Conditioning A C Monitor The A C Monitor senses leaks in air conditioning systems that utilize R 12 refrigerant Vehicle manufacturers have been given two options 1 Use R 12 refrigerant in their A C systems and integrate an A C Monitor in the OBD 2 systems of these vehicles to detect for refrig erant leaks or 2 Use R 134 refrigerant instead of R12 The A C Monitor is not required on these vehicles To date all vehicle manufacturers have opted to use 134 in their A C systems As a result this Monitor has not yet been implemented Oxygen Sensor Heater Monitor The Oxygen Sensor Heater Monitor tests the operation of the oxygen sensor s heater There are two modes of operation on a computer controlled vehicle open loop and closed loop The vehicle operates in open loop when the engine is cold before it reaches normal operating temperature The vehicle also goes to open loop mode at other times such as heavy load and full throttle conditions When the vehicle is running in open loop the oxygen sensor signal is ignored by the computer for air fuel mixture corrections Engine efficiency during open loop operation is very low and results in the production of more vehicl
37. higan 48098 Phone 800 426 6867 FACTORY SOURCES Ford GM Chrysler Honda Isuzu Hyundai and Subaru Service Manuals m Helm Inc 14310 Hamilton Avenue Highland Park Michigan 48203 Phone 800 782 4356 34 CAN OBD2 Using the Code Reader CODE RETRIEVAL PROCEDURE CODE RETRIEVAL PROCEDURE Retrieving and using Diagnostic Trouble Codes DTCs for troubleshooting vehicle operation is only one part of an overall diagnostic strategy Never replace a part based only on the DTC definition Each DTC has a set of testing procedures instructions and flow charts that must be followed to confirm the loca tion of the problem This information is found in the vehicle s service manual Always refer to the vehicle s service manual for detailed testing instructions Se Check your vehicle thoroughly before performing any test See Before You Begin on page 33 for details ALWAYS observe safety precautions whenever working on a vehicle See Safety Precautions on page 3 for more infor mation 1 Turn the ignition off 2 Locate the vehicle s 16 pin Data Link Connector DLC See page 5 for con nector location Some DLCs have a plastic cover that must be removed before con necting the Code Reader cable connector If the Code Reader is ON turn it OFF by pressing the POWER LINK button BEFORE connecting the Code Reader to the DLC 3 Connect the Code Reader cable connector to the vehicle s DLC The cable conn
38. ific DTCs are codes that are controlled by the vehicle manufacturers The Federal Government does not require vehicle manufacturers to go beyond the stan dardized generic DTCs in order to comply with the new OBD2 emissions standards However manufacturers are free to expand beyond the standardized codes to make their sys tems easier to diagnose m The 3rd character is a numeric digit It identifies the specific sys tem or sub system where the problem is located m The 4th and 5th characters are numeric digits They identify the section of the system that is malfunctioning 20 CAN OBD2 Onboard Diagnostics DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODES DTCs OBD 2 DTC EXAMPLE P0201 Injector Circuit Malfunction Cylinder 1 B Body P 0 2 0 1 C Chassis T P Powertrain U Network 0 Generic 1 Manufacturer Specific 2 Generic 3 Includes both Generic and Manufacturer Specific Codes Identifies the system where the problem is located 1 Fuel and Air Metering 2 Fuel and Air Metering injector circuit malfunction only 3 Ignition System or Misfire 4 Auxiliary Emission Control System 5 Vehicle Speed Control and Idle Control System 6 Computer Output Circuits 7 Transmission 8 Transmission Identifies what section of the system is malfunctioning DTCs and MIL Status When the vehicle s on board computer detects a failure in an emissions related component or system the computer s internal di
39. ily saves the fault in its memory as a Pending Code The computer does not command the MIL on at this time If the fault is sensed again on the second trip the computer com mands the MIL On and saves the code in its long term memory Evaporative System EVAP Monitor OBD 2 vehicles are equipped with a fuel Evaporative system EVAP that helps pre vent fuel vapors from evaporating into the air The EVAP system car ries fumes from the fuel tank to the engine where they are burned dur ing combustion The EVAP system may consist of a charcoal canister fuel tank cap purge solenoid vent solenoid flow monitor leak detec tor and connecting tubes lines and hoses Fumes are carried from the fuel tank to the charcoal canister by hoses or tubes The fumes are stored in the charcoal canister The computer controls the flow of fuel vapors from the charcoal canister to the engine via a purge solenoid The computer energizes or de energizes the purge solenoid depending on solenoid design The purge solenoid opens a valve to allow engine vacuum to draw the fuel vapors from the canister into the engine where the vapors are burned The EVAP Monitor checks for proper fuel vapor flow to the engine and pressur izes the system to test for leaks The computer runs this Monitor once per trip The EVAP Monitor is a Two Trip Monitor If a fault is found on the first trip the computer temporarily saves the fault in its memory as a Pending Code T
40. itions Freeze Frame data and I M Readiness status m Use Demo Mode to familiarize yourself with Code Reader oper ation vehicle diagnostic data and or for demonstration purposes 4 To exit Demo Mode turn the Code Reader off by pressing the POWER LINK button Exiting the MENU Mode 1 Use the UP and DOWN buttons as necessary to highlight Menu Exit in the MENU then press the ENTER FF button m The LCD display returns to the DTC screen Changes made to Brightness Language and Unit of Measure will remain in the Code Reader s memory as long as the batteries are not removed If the batteries are removed or go dead the settings will be lost from the Code Reader s memory and they must be reset again CAN OBD2 9 Code Reader Controls CONTROLS AND INDICATORS CONTROLS AND INDICATORS Figure 1 Controls and Indicators See Figure 1 for the locations of items 1 through 11 below 1 ERASE button Erases Diagnostic Trouble Codes DTCs and Freeze Frame data from your vehicle s computer and resets Monitor status 2 DTC SCROLL button Displays the DTC View screen and or scrolls the LCD display to view DTCs when more than one DTC is present 3 POWER LINK button When the Code Reader IS NOT connected to a vehicle turns the Code Reader and Off When the Code Reader is connected to a vehicle links the Code Reader to the vehicle s PCM to retrieve diagnostic data from the co
41. l A 450mV signal indicates the most efficient and least polluting air fuel ratio of 14 7 parts of air to one part of fuel CAN OBD2 27 Onboard Diagnostics OBD 2 MONITORS 28 The oxygen sensor must reach a temperature of at least 600 650 F and the engine must reach normal operating temperature for the computer to enter into closed loop operation The oxygen sensor only functions when the computer is in closed loop A properly operating oxygen sensor reacts quickly to any change in oxygen content in the exhaust stream A faulty oxygen sensor reacts slowly or its voltage sig nal is weak or missing The oxygen sensor is a Two Trip monitor If a fault is found on the first trip the computer temporarily saves the fault in its memory as a Pending Code The computer does not command the MIL on at this time If the fault is sensed again on the second trip the computer com mands the MIL On and saves the code in its long term memory Secondary Air System Monitor When a cold engine is first started it runs in open loop mode During open loop operation the engine usually runs rich A vehicle running rich wastes fuel and creates increased emissions such as carbon monoxide and some hydrocarbons A Secondary Air System injects air into the exhaust stream to aid catalytic converter operation 1 It supplies the catalytic converter with the oxygen it needs to oxidize the carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons left over from
42. l System The computer contains several programs with preset reference values for air fuel ratio spark or igni tion timing injector pulse width engine speed etc Separate values are provided for various driving conditions such as idle low speed driving high speed driving low load or high load The preset reference values represent the ideal air fuel mixture spark timing transmission gear selection etc for any driving condition These values are programmed by the vehicle manufacturer and are specific to each vehicle model Most on board computers are located inside the vehicle behind the dashboard under the passenger s or driver s seat or behind the right kick panel However some manufacturers may still position it in the engine compartment Vehicle sensors switches and actuators are located throughout the engine and are connected by electrical wiring to the on board computer These devices include oxygen sensors coolant tempera ture sensors throttle position sensors fuel injectors etc Sensors and switches are input devices They provide signals representing current engine operating conditions to the computer Actuators are output devices They perform actions in response to commands received from the computer The on board computer receives information inputs from sensors and switches located throughout the engine These devices monitor critical engine conditions such as coolant temperature engine speed engine
43. more information 12 Determine engine system s condition by viewing the Code Reader s LCD display for any retrieved Diagnostic Trouble Codes code definitions Freeze Frame data and interpreting the green yellow and red LEDs m f DTC s were retrieved and you are going to perform the repairs yourself proceed by consulting the Vehicle s Service Repair Manual for testing instructions testing procedures and flow charts related to retrieved code s m f you plan to take the vehicle to a professional to have it serv iced complete the Preliminary Vehicle Diagnosis Worksheet on page 30 and take it together with the retrieved codes freeze frame data and LED information to aid in the troubleshooting procedure 40 CAN OBD2 Using the Code Reader ERASING DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODES DTCs m To prolong battery life the Code Reader automatically shuts Off approximately three minutes after it is disconnected from the vehicle The DTCs retrieved Monitor Status and Freeze Frame data if any will remain in the Code Reader s memory and may be viewed at any time by turning the unit On If the Code Reader s batteries are removed or if the Code Reader is re linked to a vehicle to retrieve codes data any prior codes data in its memory are automatically cleared ERASING DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODES DTCs When the Code Reader s ERASE function is used to erase DTCs from the vehicle s on board computer Freeze Frame data and manu
44. mpliant vehicles made by a specific manufacturer MIL Malfunction Indicator Lamp also referred to as Check Engine light OBD 1 On Board Diagnostics Version 1 also referred to as OBD OBD 2 On Board Diagnostics Version 2 also referred to as II On Board Computer The central processing unit in the vehicle s computer control system PCM Powertrain Control Module Pending Code A code recorded on the first trip for a two trip code If the fault that caused the code to be set is not detected on the second trip the code is automatically erased STFT Short Term Fuel Trim is a program in the vehicle s computer designed to add or subtract fuel from the vehicle to compensate for operating conditions that vary from the ideal A F ratio The vehicle uses this program to make minor fuel adjustments fine tune on a short term basis Trip Drive Cycle Vehicle operation that provides the necessary driv ing condition to enable a vehicle Monitor to run and complete its diag nostic testing VECI Vehicle Emission Control Information Decal CAN OBD2 Warranty and Servicing LIMITED ONE YEAR WARRANTY The Manufacturer warrants to the original purchaser that this unit is free of defects in materials and workmanship under normal use and maintenance for a period of one 1 year from the date of original pur chase If the unit fails within the one 1 year period it will be repaired o
45. mputer s memory 4 ENTER FREEZE FRAME button When in MENU mode confirms the selected option or value When retrieving and viewing DTOs displays Freeze Frame data for the highest priority code 10 CAN OBD2 Code Reader Controls CONTROLS AND INDICATORS 5 DOWN button When in MENU mode scrolls DOWN through the menu and submenu selection options When retrieving and view ing DTCs scrolls down through the current display screen to display any additional data 6 UP button When in MENU mode scrolls UP through the menu and submenu selection options When retrieving and viewing DTCs scrolls ups through the current display screen to display any additional data 7 GREEN LED Indicates that all engine systems are running nor mally all Monitors on the vehicle are active and performing their diag nostic testing and no DTCs are present 8 YELLOW LED Indicates there is a possible problem A Pending DTC is present and or some of the vehicle s emission monitors have not run their diagnostic testing 9 RED LED Indicates there is a problem in one or more of the vehi cle s systems The red LED is also used to show that DTC s are pres ent DTCs are shown on the Code Reader s LCD display In this case the Multifunction Indicator Check Engine lamp on the vehicle s instrument panel will light steady on 10 LCD Display Displays settings Menu and submenus test results Code Reader functions and Moni
46. n RUNNING CONDITIONS No symptoms Backfires Runs rough Misfires or cuts out C Lacks power Engine knocks pings or rattles Bucks and jerks Surges C Poor fuel economy Dieseling or run on Hesitates or stumbles on accelerations CAN OBD2 31 Preparation for Testing PRELIMINARY VEHICLE DIAGNOSIS WORKSHEET AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION PROBLEMS if applicable No symptoms Shifts too early or too late Changes gear incorrectly PROBLEM OCCURS Morning Afternoon ENGINE TEMPERATURE Cold Warm Vehicle does not move when in gear Jerks or bucks C Anytime WHEN PROBLEM OCCURS Hot DRIVING CONDITIONS WHEN PROBLEM OCCURS Short less than 2 miles 2 10 miles Long more than 10 miles Stop and go While turning While braking At gear engagement With A C operating DRIVING HABITS Mostly city driving Highway Park vehicle inside Park vehicle outside GASOLINE USED 0 87 Octane 89 Octane With headlights on During acceleration Mostly driving downhill Mostly driving uphill Mostly driving level Mostly driving curvy roads Mostly driving rough roads Drive less than 10 miles per day Drive 10 to 50 miles per day Drive more than 50 miles per day Doc 91 Octane More than 91 Octane WEATHER CONDITIONS WHEN PROBLEM OCCURS 32 55 F 0 13 C Below freezing 32
47. n the LCD display A PROTOCOL is a set of rules and procedures for regu lating data transmission between computers and between testing equipment and computers As of this writing five different types of protocols ISO 9141 Keyword 2000 41850 PWM 41850 VPW and CAN are in use by vehicle manufacturers The Code Header automatically identifies the protocol type and establishes a communication link with the vehicle s computer 7 After approximately 4 5 seconds the Code Reader will retrieve and display any Diagnostic Trouble Codes Monitor Status and Freeze Frame Data retrieved from the vehicle s computer memory m f the Code Reader fails to link to the vehicle s computer a Linking Failed message shows on the Code Reader s LCD display Verify the connection at the DLC and verify the ignition is ON Turn the ignition OFF wait 5 seconds then turn back ON to reset the computer Ensure your vehicle is OBD2 compliant See Vehicles Covered on page 5 for vehicle compliance verification infor mation 36 CAN OBD2 Using the Code Reader CODE RETRIEVAL PROCEDURE m The Code Reader will automatically re link to the vehicle s computer every 15 seconds to refresh the data being retrieved When data is being re freshed the message One moment Auto link in progress is shown on the LCD display This action repeats as long as the Code Reader is commu nicating with the vehicle s computer m The
48. on When this icon is visible it indicates that the Code Reader is linked to a personal computer An optional PC Link Kit is available that makes it possible to upload retrieved data to a personal computer Code Reader Internal Battery icon When visible indicates the Code Reader batteries are low and should be replaced DTC Display Area Displays the Diagnostic Trouble Code DTC number Each fault is assigned a code number that is specific to that fault CAN OBD2 Code Reader Controls DISPLAY FUNCTIONS 8 Test Data Display Area Displays DTC definitions Freeze Frame data and other pertinent test information messages 9 MIL icon Indicates the status of the Malfunction Indicator Lamp MIL The MIL icon is visible only when a DTC has commanded the MIL on the vehicle s dashboard to light 10 CODE icon Identifies the Code Number Sequence display area 11 PENDING icon Indicates the currently displayed DTC is a Pending code 12 Code Number Sequence The Code Reader assigns a sequence number to each DTC that is present in the computer s memory starting with 01 This number indicates which code is currently displayed Code number 01 is always the highest prior ity code and the one for which Freeze Frame data has been stored If 01 is a Pending code there may or not be Freeze Frame data stored in memory 13 Code Enumerator Indicates the total num
49. or RUN status Trying to drive and observe the Code Reader at the same time is dangerous and could cause a serious traffic accident 4 When a Monitor s Trip Drive Cycle is performed properly the Monitor icon on the Code Reader s LCD display changes from flashing to solid indicating that the Monitor has run and finished its diagnostic testing m f after the Monitor has run the MIL on the vehicle s dash is not lit and no stored or pending codes associated with that particu lar Monitor are present in the vehicle s computer the repair was successful m f after the Monitor has the MIL on the vehicle s dash lights and or a DTC associated with that Monitor is present in the vehi cle s computer the repair was unsuccessful Refer to the vehi cle s service manual and recheck repair procedures 48 CAN OBD2 Glossary GLOSSARY OF TERMS AND ABBREVIATIONS INTRODUCTION This Glossary contains definitions for abbreviations and terms you may find in this manual or in your vehicle service manual GLOSSARY OF TERMS AND ABBREVIATIONS CARB California Air Resources Board CCM Central Control Module Computer Control System An electronic control system consisting of an on board computer and related sensors switches and actuators used to ensure peak performance and fuel efficiency while reducing pollutants in the vehicle s emissions DIY Do It Yourself DLC Data Link Connector Drive Cycle An ex
50. plosion keep all sparks heated items and open flames away from the battery and fuel fuel vapors DO NOT SMOKE NEAR THE VEHICLE DUR ING TESTING Don t wear loose clothing or jewelry when working on an engine Loose clothing can become caught in the fan pulleys belts etc Jewelry is highly conductive and can cause a severe burn if it makes contact between a power source and ground CAN OBD2 About the Code Reader VEHICLES COVERED VEHICLES COVERED The CAN OBD2 Code Reader is designed to work on all OBD 2 com pliant vehicles All 1996 and newer vehicles cars and light trucks sold in the United States are OBD 2 compliant Federal law requires that all 1996 and newer cars and light trucks sold in the United States must be OBD 2 compliant this includes all Domestic Asian and European vehicles Some 1994 and 1995 vehicles are OBD 2 compliant To find out if a 1994 or 1995 vehicle is OBD 2 compliant check the following 1 The Vehicle Emissions Control Information VECI Label This label is located under the hood or by the radiator of most vehicles If the vehicle is OBD 2 compliant the label will state OBD II Certified VEHICLE EMISSION CONTROL INFORMATION ENGINE FAMILY EFN2 6YBT2BA OBD II DISPLACEMENT 2 6L CERTIFIED x a VEHICLE VEHICLE CONFORMS TO U S STATE a MANUFACTURER CALIFORNIA REGULATIONS APPLICABLE TO 1999 MODEL YEAR NEW TLEV PASSENGER CARS OBD Il REFER TO SER
51. r replaced at the Manufacturer s option at no charge when returned prepaid to the Service Center with Proof of Purchase The sales receipt may be used for this purpose All replacement parts whether new or re manufactured assume as their warranty period only the remaining time of this warranty This warranty does not apply to damage caused by improper use acci dent abuse improper voltage service fire flood lightning or other acts of God or if the product was altered or repaired by anyone other than the Manufacturer s Service Center The Manufacturer under no circumstances shall be liable for any con sequential damages for breach of any written warranty of this unit This warranty gives you specific legal rights and you may also have rights which vary from state to state This manual is copyrighted with all rights reserved No portion of this document may be copied or reproduced by any means without the express written permission of the Manufacturer THIS WARRANTY IS NOT TRANSFERABLE For service send via U P S if possible prepaid to Manufacturer Allow 3 4 weeks for service repair SERVICE PROCEDURES If you have any questions please contact your local store distributor or the Service Center USA amp Canada 800 544 4124 9 00 4 00 Monday Friday PST All others 714 241 6802 9 00 4 00 Monday Friday PST FAX 714 432 7910 24 hr For technical support and information on UPDATES and OPTIONAL ACCESSORIES vi
52. r repairs To learn more about vehicle Computer Control Systems and OBD 2 see COMPUTER ENGINE CONTROLS on page 14 CAN OBD2 1 You Can Do It EASY TO USE EASY TO VIEW EASY TO DEFINE Easy To Use m Connect the Code Reader to the vehicle s test connector m Turn the ignition key On Press the LINK button Easy To View m The Code Reader retrieves stored codes Freeze Frame data and I M Readiness status m Codes M Readiness status and Freeze Frame data are displayed on the Code Readers LCD display screen System status is indicated by LED indi cators Easy To Define m Read code definitions from the Code Reader s LCD display W View Freeze Frame data gt MONITOR STATUS cove Er rr or h CAN OBD2 Safety Precautions SAFETY FIRST SAFETY FIRST To avoid personal injury instrument damage and or damage to your vehicle do not use the CAN OBD2 Code Reader before reading this manual This manual describes common test procedures used by experienced service technicians Many test procedures require precautions to avoid accidents that can result in personal injury and or damage to your vehicle or test equipment Always read your vehicle s service manual and follow its safety precautions before and during any test or service procedure ALWAYS observe the following general safety precautions When an engine is running it produces carbon monox
53. rom its memory When no faults related to the original problem are detected within a specified num ber of warm up cycles the code is erased automatically CAN OBD2 19 Onboard Diagnostics DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODES DTCs DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODES DTCs Diagnostic Trouble Codes DTCs are meant to guide you to the proper serv Diagnostic Trouble ice procedure in the vehicle s service Codes DTCs are manual DO NOT replace parts based codes that identify a only on DTCs without first consulting specific problem area the vehicle s service manual for prop er testing procedures for that particular system circuit or component DTCs are alphanumeric codes that are used to identify a problem that is present in any of the systems that are mon itored by the on board computer PCM Each trouble code has an assigned message that identifies the circuit compo nent or system area where the problem was found OBD 2 diagnostic trouble codes are made up of five charac ters m The 1st character is a letter It identifies the main system where the fault occurred Body Chassis Powertrain or Network m The 2nd character is a numeric digit It identifies the type of code Generic or Manufacturer Specific Generic DTCs are codes that are used by all vehicle manu SP facturers The standards for generic DTCs as well as their definitions are set by the Society of Automotive Engineers SAE Manufacturer Spec
54. rouble Code DTC and related code definition are shown in the lower section of the LCD display CAN OBD2 37 Using the Code Reader CODE RETRIEVAL PROCEDURE In the case of long code definitions or when viewing Freeze Frame data a small arrow is shown in the upper lower right hand corner of the code display area to indicate the presence of additional information Use the 2 and buttons as necessary to view the addi tional information 9 Read and interpret Diagnostic Trouble Codes system condition using the LCD display and the green yellow and red LEDs The green yellow and red LEDs are used with the LCD display as visual aids to make it easier to determine engine system conditions m Green LED Indicates that all engine systems are OK and operat Sgnooon Of ing normally All monitors supported OOOTS f by the vehicle have run and per formed their diagnostic testing and no trouble codes are present A zero will show on the Code Reader s LCD display and all Monitor icons will be solid m Yellow LED Indicates one of the following conditions A A PENDING CODE IS PRESENT If the yellow LED is illuminated it may Same m indicate a Pending code is present 0 Check the Code Reader s LCD dis play for confirmation A Pending code is confirmed by the presence of a numeric code and the word PEND ING on the Code Reader s LCD dis play B MONITOR NOT RUN STATUS If the Code Re
55. sion of this Preliminary Vehicle Diagnosis Worksheet is available online at www canOBD2 com You can complete the form online and print a copy to take to your mechanic NAME DATE VIN YEAR MAKE MODEL ENGINE SIZE VEHICLE MILEAGE VIN Vehicle Identification Number found at the base of the windshield on a metallic plate or at the driver door latch area consult your vehicle owner s manual for location TRANSMISSION Automatic Manual Please check all applicable items in each category DESCRIBE THE PROBLEM 30 CAN OBD2 Preparation for Testing PRELIMINARY VEHICLE DIAGNOSIS WORKSHEET WHEN DID YOU FIRST NOTICE THE PROBLEM C Just Started Started Last Week Started Last Month Other LIST ANY REPAIRS DONE IN THE PAST SIX MONTHS PROBLEMS STARTING No symptoms Will not crank ENGINE QUITS OR STALLS No symptoms Right after starting When shifting into gear During steady speed driving IDLING CONDITIONS OO OOOO Cranks but will not start Starts but takes a long time Right after vehicle comes to a stop While idling During acceleration When parking No symptoms Is sometimes too fast or too slow Is too slow at all times Is rough or uneven Is too fast Fluctuates up and dow
56. sit on the Web at www CanOBD2 com or contact us through Fax 714 432 7511 Phone 1 800 544 4124 or 714 241 6805 7AM 4PM Pacific Standard Time CAN OBD2 51 CAN OBD2 CAN OBD2 TECHNICALR ASSISTANCE W MEUN PR WE EMPLOY TECHNICIANS CERTIFIED BY ASE ONLY LET US SHOW YOU THEIR CREDENTIALS www CanOBD2 com INNOVA Innova Electronics Corp 17291 Mt Herrmann Street Fountain Valley CA 92708 Printed in Taiwan gt Instruction MRP 93 0036
57. ssue of the vehicle being ready for an Emissions Test Smog Check depends on the emissions regula tions and laws of your local area SYSTEM STATUS 3 Some areas require that all Monitors indicate a Has Run status before they allow an Emissions Test Smog Check to be performed Other areas only require that some but not all Monitors have run their self diagnostic testing before an Emissions Test Smog Check may be performed From the code retrieval procedure determine the status of each Monitor a solid Monitor icon shows Monitor Has Run status a flashing Monitor icon indicates Has Not Run sta tus Take this information to an emissions professional to determine based on your test results if your vehicle is ready for an Emissions Test Smog Check 3 RED LED Indicates there is a problem with one or more of the vehicle s sys IM MONITOR STATUS orl H tems A vehicle displaying a red LED is fe definitely not ready for an Emissions Test Smog Check The red LED is also an indication that there are Diagnostic Trouble Code s present displayed on the Code Reader s screen The Multifunction Indicator Check Engine Lamp on the vehicle s instrument panel will light steady The prob lem that is causing the red LED to light must be repaired before an Emissions Test Smog Check can be performed It is also suggest ed that the vehicle be inspected repaired before driving the
58. sts are generally performed once a year or once every two years On OBD 2 systems the I M program is enhanced by requiring vehicles to meet stricter test standards One of the tests instituted by the Federal Government is called I M 240 On I M 240 the vehicle under test is driv en under different speeds and load conditions on a dynamometer for 240 seconds while the vehicle s emissions are measured 42 CAN OBD2 Using the Code Reader I M READINESS TESTING Emissions tests vary depending on the geographic or region al area in which the vehicle is registered If the vehicle is reg istered in a highly urbanized area the 240 is probably the type of test required If the vehicle is registered in a rural area the stricter dynamometer type test may not be required I M Readiness Monitors I M Readiness shows whether the various emissions related systems on the vehicle are operating properly and are ready for Inspection and Maintenance testing State and Federal Governments enacted Regulations Procedures and Emission Standards to ensure that all emissions related components and systems are continuously or periodically monitored tested and diagnosed whenever the vehicle is in operation It also requires vehi cle manufacturers to automatically detect and report any problems or faults that may increase the vehicle s emissions to an unacceptable level The vehicle s emissions control system consists of several compo nen
59. t the MIL reverts to steady On condition Catalyst Monitor The catalytic converter is a device that is installed downstream of the exhaust manifold It helps to oxidize burn the unburned fuel hydrocarbons and partially burned fuel car bon monoxide left over from the combustion process To accomplish this heat and catalyst materials inside the converter react with the exhaust gases to burn the remaining fuel Some materials inside the catalytic converter also have the ability to store oxygen and release it as needed to oxidize hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide In the process it reduces vehicle emissions by converting the polluting gases into carbon dioxide and water The computer checks the efficiency of the catalytic converter by mon itoring the oxygen sensors used by the system One sensor is located before upstream of the converter the other is located after down stream of the converter If the catalytic converter loses its ability to store oxygen the downstream sensor signal voltage becomes almost the same as the upstream sensor signal In this case the monitor fails the test The Catalyst Monitor is a Two Trip Monitor If a fault is found on the first trip the computer temporarily saves the fault in its memory as a Pending Code The computer does not command the MIL on at this time If the fault is sensed again on the second trip the computer com mands the MIL On and saves the code in its long term memor
60. t regulations and emissions standards established by CARB and the EPA The Main Objectives of the OBD 2 System are m To detect degraded and or failed emissions related components or Systems that could cause tailpipe emissions to exceed by 1 5 times the Federal Test Procedure FTP standard m To expand emissions related system monitoring This includes a set of computer run diagnostics called Monitors Monitors perform diag nostics and testing to verify that all emissions related components and or systems are operating correctly and within the manufactur er s specifications CAN OBD2 17 Onboard Diagnostics COMPUTER ENGINE CONTROLS To use a standardized Diagnostic Link Connector DLC in all vehi cles Before OBD 2 DLCs were of different shapes and sizes To standardize the code numbers code definitions and language used to describe faults Before OBD 2 each vehicle manufacturer used their own code numbers code definitions and language to describe the same faults To expand the operation of the Malfunction Indicator Lamp MIL To standardize communication procedures and protocols between the diagnostic equipment Scan Tools Code Readers etc and the vehicle s on board computer OBD 2 Terminology The following terms and their definitions are related to OBD 2 systems Read and reference this list as needed to aid in the understanding of OBD 2 systems Powertrain Control Module PCM The PCM is the OB
61. tended set of driving procedures that takes into consideration the various types of driving conditions encountered in real life Driving Condition A specific environmental or operation condition under which a vehicle is operated such as starting the vehicle when cold driving at steady speed cruising accelerating etc DTC s Diagnostic Trouble Code s EGR Exhaust Gas Recirculation EPA Environmental Protection Agency EVAP Evaporative Emissions System Fault Code See DTCs Freeze Frame A digital representation of engine and or emissions system conditions present when a fault code was recorded FTP Fuel Tank Pressure Generic Code A DTC that applies to all OBD 2 compliant vehicles I M Readiness An indication of whether or not a vehicle s emissions related system are operating properly and are ready for Inspection and Maintenance testing I M Test Emissions Test Smog Check A functional test of a vehi cle to determine if tailpipe emissions are within Federal State Local requirements LCD Liquid Crystal Display LED Light Emitting Diode LTFT Long Term Fuel Trim is a program in the vehicle s computer designed to add or subtract fuel from the vehicle to compensate for operating conditions that vary from the ideal A F ratio long term CAN OBD2 49 Glossary GLOSSARY OF TERMS AND ABBREVIATIONS 50 Manufacturer Specific Code A DTC that applies only to OBD 2 co
62. ton to increase the brightness of the LCD display make the display lighter 4 When the desired brightness is obtained press the ENTER FF F button to save your changes and return to the MENU Selecting the Display Language 1 Use the UP e and DOWN but tons as necessary to highlight Select Language in the MENU then press the ENTER FF button m The Select Language screen dis plays m The currently selected display Language is highlighted 2 Press the UP or DOWN button as necessary to highlight the desired display language 3 When the desired display language is highlighted press the ENTER FF F button to save your changes and return to the MENU Setting the Unit of Measure 1 Use the UP and DOWN but tons as necessary to highlight Unit of Measure in the MENU then press the ENTER FF button 2 Press the UP or DOWN button as necessary to highlight the desired Unit of Measure 3 When the desired Unit of Measure value is selected press the ENTER FF amp H button to save your changes 8 CAN OBD2 About the Code Reader ADJUSTMENTS AND SETTINGS Demo Mode 1 Use the UP C and DOWN but tons as necessary to highlight Demo Mode in the MENU then press the ENTER FF 9 button 2 The Code Reader enters the Demo Mode 3 Demo Mode demonstrates examples of Generic and Enhanced Manufacturer Speciific Diagnostic Trouble Codes code defin
63. tor status information See DISPLAY FUNCTIONS on next page for more details 11 CABLE Connects the Code Reader to the vehicle s Data Link Connector DLC CAN OBD2 11 Code Reader Controls DISPLAY FUNCTIONS DISPLAY FUNCTIONS PE MONI LM CODE D a 14 QD CODE Dj EL 15 Figure 2 Display Functions See Figure 2 for the locations of items 1 through 16 below 1 2 12 I M MONITOR STATUS field Identifies the I M Monitor status area Monitor icons Indicate which Monitors are supported by the vehi cle under test and whether or not the associated Monitor has run its diagnostic testing Monitor status When a Monitor icon is solid it indicates that the associated Monitor has completed its diagnos tic testing When a Monitor icon is flashing it indicates that the vehi cle supports the associated Monitor but the Monitor has not yet run its diagnostic testing amp Vehicle icon Indicates whether or not the Code Reader is being properly powered through the vehicle s Data Link Connector DLC A visible icon indicates that the Code Reader is being pow ered through the vehicle s DLC connector Link icon Indicates whether or not the Code Reader is com municating linked with the vehicle s on board computer When vis ible the Code Reader is communicating with the computer If the Link icon is not visible the Code Reader is not communicating with the computer Computer ic
64. ts or sub systems Oxygen Sensor Catalytic Converter EGR Fuel System etc that aid in reducing vehicle emissions To have an efficient Vehicle Emission Control System all the emis sions related components and systems must work correctly whenever the vehicle is in operation To comply with State and Federal Government regulations vehicle manufacturers designed a series of special computer programs called Monitors that are programmed into the vehicle s computer Each of these Monitors is specifically designed to run tests and diagnostics on a specific emissions related component or system Oxygen Sensor Catalytic Converter EGR Valve Fuel System etc to ensure their proper operation Currently there are a maximum of eleven Monitors available for use To learn more about Emissions Inspection and Maintenance Readiness Monitors see OBD 2 MONITORS on page 23 Each Monitor has a specific function to test and diagnose only its designated emissions related component or system The names of the Monitors Oxygen Sensor Monitor Catalyst Monitor EGR Monitor Misfire Monitor etc describe which component or system each Monitor is designed to test and diagnose CAN OBD2 43 Using the Code Reader I M READINESS TESTING Emissions Inspection and Maintenance I M Readiness Monitor Status Information I M Readiness Monitor Status shows which of the vehicle s Monitors have run and completed their diagnosis and t
65. would be capable of identifying emissions related faults in a system The first generation of Onboard Diagnostics came to be known as OBD 1 OBD 1 is a set of self testing and diagnostic instructions pro grammed into the vehicle s on board computer The programs are specifically designed to detect failures in the sensors actuators switches and wiring of the various vehicle emissions related systems If the computer detects a failure in any of these components or sys tems it lights an indicator on the dashboard to alert the driver The indi cator lights only when an emissions related problem is detected The computer also assigns a numeric code for each specific problem that it detects and stores these codes in its memory for later retrieval These codes can be retrieved from the computer s memory with the use of a Code Reader or a Scan Tool 16 CAN OBD2 Onboard Diagnostics COMPUTER ENGINE CONTROLS On Board Diagnostics Second Generation OBD 2 In addition to performing all the func tions of the OBD 1 System the OBD 2 System has been enhanced with new The OBD 2 System is Diagnostic Programs These programs an enhancement of the closely monitor the functions of vari OBD 1 System ous emissions related components and systems as well as other sys tems and make this information readily available with the proper equipment to the technician for evaluation The California Air Resources Board CARB conducte
66. xtended set of driving procedures that takes into consideration the various types of driving conditions encountered in real life These conditions may include starting the vehicle when it is cold driving the vehicle at a steady speed cruising accelerating etc An OBD 2 Drive Cycle begins when the ignition key is turned On when cold and ends when the vehicle has been driven in such a way as to have all the Enabling Criteria met for all its applicable Monitors Only those trips that provide the Enabling Criteria for all Monitors applicable to the vehicle to run and complete their individual diagnostic tests qualify as an OBD 2 Drive Cycle OBD 2 Drive Cycle requirements vary from one model of vehicle to another Vehicle manufacturers set these procedures Consult your vehicle s service manual for OBD 2 Drive Cycle procedures Do not confuse a Trip Drive Cycle with an OBD 2 Drive Cycle A Trip Drive Cycle provides the Enabling Criteria for one specific Monitor to run and complete its diagnostic test ing An OBD 2 Drive Cycle must meet the Enabling Criteria for all Monitors on a particular vehicle to run and complete their diagnostic testing m Warm up Cycle Vehicle operation after an engine off period where engine temperature rises at least 40 F 22 C from its tem perature before starting and reaches at least 160 F 70 C The PCM uses warm up cycles as a counter to automatically erase a Specific code and related data f
67. y CAN OBD2 25 Onboard Diagnostics OBD 2 MONITORS Heated Catalyst Monitor Operation of the heated catalytic converter is similar to the catalytic converter The main differ ence is that a heater is added to bring the catalytic converter to its operating temperature more quickly This helps reduce emissions by reducing the converters down time when the engine is cold The Heated Catalyst Monitor performs the same diagnostic tests as the catalyst Monitor and also tests the catalytic converter s heater for proper operation This Monitor is also a Two Trip Monitor Exhaust Gas Recirculation EGR Monitor The Exhaust Gas Recirculation EGR system helps reduce the formation of Oxides of Nitrogen during combustion Temperatures above 2500 F cause nitrogen and oxygen to combine and form Oxides of Nitrogen in the combustion chamber To reduce the formation of Oxides of Nitrogen combustion temperatures must be kept below 2500 F The EGR system recirculates small amounts of exhaust gas back into the intake manifold where it is mixed with the incoming air fuel mixture This reduces combustion temperatures by up to 500 F The computer determines when for how long and how much exhaust gas is recircu lated back to the intake manifold The EGR Monitor performs EGR sys tem function tests at preset times during vehicle operation The EGR Monitor is a Two Trip Monitor If a fault is found on the first trip the computer temporar

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