Home

W eb V ersion FM Pro

1. Figure 5 5 Phase Coherent Crossover 0 10 m C 20 O O 0n 84 30 40 20 200 2K 20K Frequency Hz The variable bass clipper threshold is controlled by an intermodulation detector circuit of novel design which can either anticipate or directly detect middle and high frequency clipping that 1s caused by the presence of large bass waves The bass clip per threshold 1s automaticaly rolled back reduced to accommodate the presence of other frequencies under the final clipper limit thus eliminating pinch off of smaller sound waves at the crests of bass waveforms Bass waveforms are allowed nearly full amplitude in the final clipper output whenever possible however The assertion of bass in the total mix 1s thereby maximized while eliminating one of the grossest forms of distortion in broadcast processors that of bass caused intermodulation distortion If the Pre emphasis limiter option is not installed Page 5 6 5 0 Detailed Audio Processing Description In the FM Pro the SBC output will be sent directly to the audio output control system Otherwise it will be sent to the Pre emphasis limiter for further audio processing 5 8 Brightness Processor In FM processing the ultimate need to dynami cally limit the pre emphasis boost takes its toll Figure 5 6 Brightness Processor Curves 6 m 2 5
2. LETT snos lt 2 LETT S000 Dee 8333A31 84015313Q0Q DS al EE I TIT DEEE 111 as JH IR L T bH ziera u a 5 01409 1911914 928 77 29 11 PSI 91979 PI SISI O ZH gt 73 5394 T gt 03 539 lt gt 3 SNIQ A gt x 51 3387 101144 26 20 11894 M X 96 67 60 3419 M 9 5184 1 294 389 14 13 OND 11 11 Page 15 5 Model 2020 FM Pro Audio Processor 15 0 Schematics 4 10 b Hb DS 035000 3 10N 10114 5S LdO 12 NIU ONOM HIM 518 gt 7211 SWALSAS XJHdY Y ONOR Y T ONOW X1 XM 22 T ONO O38315 ras OTt 044 82 O lt b TOS 205 0 4 Me gt 9 9 H 007 235 gt 541 Q31 5s 033 7 gt gt 6ZH 4 gt n 51054 gt 217 33 9 ONOW gt 2 5 NIUS ONOH d gt HI O H 9571404 2 25 353 351 YT 190 2491 T353 T3531 JH 1490 WIT 31 3093 2901 7 3806 gt 29 1354 11351 T gt zox4 gt TU S PEST n ZH UNUM ON 039 TOX gt
3. E std A E AN b aT re bea 26N SZTN 6 a 2 23 GNOY 99 87 2 amp D 144951 906 2 Spt 6NT 125 So 55 OND 28 AN 4 09 St Tent 907 29147 20137 2 eeu 924 0 8en Page 15 19 Model 2020 FM Pro Audio Processor 15 0 Schematics 4667 tT nr 266 456T 81 add 5 2661 Dr 66T 2T WAP 266 ZZ 9 0 266 1193 3 2661 ST db 5 GGT 300 9 6661 t NU 9661 ST 3001 66 ZZ 6 266 2 TN 966T 3 HOUSNMN3M 4 X3HdU SNOISIA23H A34 OZZv 024 god 6 aen AN 5 31 SEHI 8bT16NT vd i28 naps 28847 5 STO 5 24n OOWT x 1984 ST Spy s 8bTGNT i osa LN 37 azn aby a o ESEJI ST 119 T i NIEM j ani gt 3 NIMI T 7 d 158d B M d M6bZ OST 002 gt NIGW TSY ZtM OXOT ST SEY DMST 6b Z A ST AN 48M 25 uim xao i Jnzzoo 10541 522 5 Rd n 3 F THOS HOOT pou DONT H v Su 0224 tzo gt 1504 uud 01 4082 ETTC 9 TO gt
4. BN NO CLOG C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C10 C11 DS1 DS2 DS3 DS8 DS4 DS5 DS6 DS7 H1 H2 H3 H4 LD1 LD2 LD3 LD4 LD5 LD6 LD7 LD8 LD9 LD10 LD11 LD12 LD13 LD14 LD15 LD16 LD17 LD18 LD19 LD20 LD21 QI Q2 Q3 R12 R2 R3 R5 Model 2020 FM Pro Audio Processor RFI Filter ZYSIRS5 2P RFI Filter ZJSR 5101 271TA Male 2500 3M P N 2526 6002 UG Conn XLR Neutrik NC3FK V Conn XLR Neutrik Relay DPDT 12V TQ2E 12V Inductor Inductor Inductor Resistor Tin Oxide Film Resistor Tin Oxide Film Resistor Tin Oxide Film Xfmr Pulse Eng P N PE65612 PC Board 100 Tested Description Capacitor Poly Capacitor Poly Capacitor Poly Capacitor Poly Capacitor Poly Capacitor Poly Capacitor Poly Capacitor Poly Capacitor Poly Capacitor Mono Inductor CLNS T033Z 10PA Type ResistorTin Oxide Film ResistorTin Oxide Film ResistorTin Oxide Film ResistorTin Oxide Film ResistorTin Oxide Film LED LTL1234N GRN Potentiometer PT6KV Piher Potentiometer PT6KV 1T Piher Potentiometer PT6KV Piher 15 kHZ Low Pass Filter 100 IC Op Amp 5532 Socket 8 Pin DIP LTO 308 TA Test Point TP 101 20 Shunt Test TT 02 Header 36P M740 240 400 Schematic FM PROC 15K Filter Description Cap Monolithic Ceramic Z5U Cap Ceramic Disk LED Bar 10 segment 1501 Yel LED Bar 10 segment 1501 Red LED Bar 10 segment 1501
5. T T _ 5 Zou 79 954 25NH sfa T T JnT T T 822 222 25 222 TN 17 y sT ST ST ST 4nTO 25547 AN 22 221 Toe ei n 5 nr 3nt ris gt NISM AEE 1 n AUR AUR OST MOSS320Md 3D5N3533d 3 663 a 87 2 ST 97 sT ST 116 MoT ZENE THOS 8 7 ZLA 92M ste MOST aS ZENE v 02 Th ANA 25 3 P ODAT ndha 4 694 77550 622 5 OL 071 Pri sexs 007 e 6b OAST pre LM zy bey 893 24174 dd Twi gt NIAID TO TH Page 15 20 Model 2020 FM Pro Audio Processor 15 0 Schematics SH31SAS X3Hd9 2 6 022 8254 HOT 3 2v 31 CN eon ecu T CN A ST 21 244 6t 2z eazy 2 H 15044 931 HOT 221 gon ST HOT STN3 66 2246 HOUSWu3M 266 266 BI Ydy 266 TNF 466 22 2667 add AOT 3 HTN3 TINS 214 2v 41 gsn HtT6NT TQ NIGH 4606 6016 IN eeu 62 StT6NT zq d1 gt 30 HLI HIIUd SNOISIA THI D 8 3 2 a d y Page
6. 37 t 920 p agen ST 3 lt 3 9 0 03 aora 9109 1384 aen 459g 906 DEN 9b ii T i138 StT6NT pic 215 HOT 62 YENY bby NAT 693 gt 815 6 66 7 Z bpr qua AST 87 v JENA EDAN di 87 99051 aen 867 GPT6NT 8 sT 8bT6NT b z SEQ 92H0Zt 92307 OTTNY 007 bET gt m l T T 9109902 7 gTT 29631 29637 ven azn S ST sansan Gc o o a a o a o Page 15 12 Model 2020 FM Pro Audio Processor 15 0 Schematics 002 022 Bd 011 SH31SAS X3HdU t 1334 6 1 6 4 45837 S n 8 evo AS9rT 854 A JD p 025 4nT gt vrdl aan 2b 41 90 ONT Std qon 2 t93 EN t 25 7 007 26 20 90 1194 26 62 50 3 0 26 T O HLIVA 3 26 94 0 1194 5 26 62 80 9 26 77 20 HL Ida gt pew 26 62 20 1193 96ZtDZTT 1193 3 26 92 20 HoUHNH3M 96 1Z 0 AI MYO Se vO TO A33 S6 8T ZT HO88HH3M Q 47419 THOE OT O02 98 5320 5 Z 2 gt p dRUSMH MOT MOT 87 0 era 0 7 ora 87 87 609 259 ST 8 Tra MOOT A yen aen ST 134 9
7. 6 xor 9 StT6NT ST Q9N3 T 6 n 6TM 696b 867 87 5 TZM STI Zone ST 24547 656v aon TZ 5 N 2 tE eon aon 97 134 Y 910505 z13N4 aen 284 A Lv 47 906 NZ ozn bd 1219 007 SUT NT jn tp tza TT NOT UZNA gt 20144951 68 66 t AOT z AST 87 923 2 OZNA 020 z5A 13 5 lt 87 TOO6 12H kak 2 6 6 45051 azn CZy 8 8 2 6 0 SI 8 2 92u042b 97 DOTNY 214 Yr gt z14 e T T 9 3 b 31 vean ozn azn S Page 15 11 Model 2020 Pro Audio Processor 15 0 Schematics NOISS3HdWHOD HOSS30O0Hd H3 46 20 90 1193 26462750 1104 80 1 67 1 2 9 0 05 26 62 80 N3OI 5 26 92 50 1193 46 62 20 110 46 112720 1194 26 02 20 HO9O98 333M 9687 1193 vid 98 gt eza 96 TZ 0 7011 SW31SAS X3Hdu S6 vO TO A 56 61721 HOUBHN3M 0026 0242 Add f M 119 HOOT 906 NZ t 01 NOT O 02 BPT NT X Jne b pid zov gt g3dWUsM DES e 924 6b z 92 81 7 37 p 224 520 ST ap TENT 66v az SEM 1
8. ZN 037 0532 9t St zess 7 953 sto HOOT 222 1991 dNJ4 ZZ 0 ONST 955 ANSNZZ St tu unz 1nou 902 929 AN en 493114 8 dNO ZHH ST O6uT348 u uoN 87 Seu 4dOz bzo ST 2655 t van 3 5 07 528 DAST 2 0007 4nTOO GEN 481114 ZH OZ 4012 44a aseyd 1142295 Jnhevo Hiero ZESS 2 35 arn gt NTH azn 300T zaas HOOT 25 083 dN3nzz dNJNzz 01 lt ZED aes UZNMH GZNM DZNM 4402 402 22 15 17 Model 2020 FM Pro Audio Processor 15 0 Schematics G 0 HOS 091 USQUAN 0 4313 A3131905 3 3757 395532044 Wd 81311 SWALSAS 3 091 022 82d T T 4nT T 4nT 1 L T 129 522 22 ST ST ST 22 22 D Dm T 92 gt Jj 329 T E2 T 222 57 5 51 S 91045394 lt M12S4Q 0 7 00430 SAG 93755 7 55 2 NIS9SH NIS 26 20 90 26 S82 0 26 2T 0 26 t0 0 26 2 TO 26 2T TO 96 vO T1 96 90 90 1194 1 180 1194 1194 1194 1194 HIIUJ N3dI1 96ZT12Z 0 HOUGgNI3M 96 86 20 HOUSNH3M CN 56 2 HOUSNN3M oft ST 5 1 sen 2494 1289 SZ lt 10053 66 97 gan 5 6639 x 1 399 gt NIA313
9. 2 CI ur ure dP ATPZ z34 21 TM ad 96 T S8 H2U08NN3M Q Page 15 26 Model 2020 FM Pro Audio Processor 15 0 Schematics 301 38 1 0434 05530084 Q SH31SAS X3HdU OO00b O272 Add 5 6 P re HIE OTA s 63 8 Tp PR 8 6 8 5 NAY TS raot T WIT 952300T ANP T In OR O G 4 Zu AINA 0 97 ANP 8 ooo bO1DHb Stat t H 12 stat amp H ATTA bOL2OHt 9 H 3N btO 15Ht 2 lt lt 241 6 vtO1o5HbZ OT H mot m m O ven 49 7 TENES e 25 v01oHb4 ETOT 2 pOLoHbd 19 2 8010 0230 2 60 2 0010 4A bus t2 TTH A 31 tc pz Lx ZN NIU OLN pOGENZ eo esan 27 0 13162 8 H aztn 1 2 9 ZH Jen 07 S ZH 36n vO10Ht aen vO12Hb4 T ZH Den vO12Hb4 zaqa gen pOLOHbe g ZH ven A 2 2 6288 023 IHd Z6 vZ TT ONOW
10. b2 143 E sh DONT OOWT CN TNIYA M pu ST T 11no34 E HOT 54 CE THA 22 v TO OOMT OOHT gt ST TY za att Page 15 23 Model 2020 FM Pro Audio Processor 15 0 Schematics NOI1dO 01409 75910 HOSS3OOHd Wd aes m JNT Tan 2 2651 22651 1 aen 811171 a v2 Sto bun M 011 SWALSAS 3 5 wr O OANAS a oer HEE sud TM at 0S3 6659 SAC 0 e 636 LOT HOT gt NIZ 092Hj er Jn8900 82 bun gen 9I 2 gt 2 LI 66t 9I zou SI vI I OANZS 21 223 Jnzz 2 S22 NIZ 092W1 er uan 6 bona 408900 2 4 66 EN 6T2 824 EZY IMSS 10TOT 912 9 OAN3S JO 646b 622 TW3 74 5 182 385 9 SEC 91945 E ONAS a 72 D 2 829 2 2 zuW96sz rr J 225 6 z dii d zT tbt SHr 81002 ZNH TNM M1noU A 52 31 1 09 11009 1660 07 i NOST Tzu 5 00 gt 1 Wm 4539 2941 030 TT 66 6N 293015 OT SAT 8Z 0 7 ango 295 195 224 092 652 2654 2 INTO Page 15 24 Model 2020 FM
11. 2 4 O P 3 ad 2 m 1 en LT 0 100 2000 20K Frequency Hz on the audio brightness The 75 uSec pre empha sis standard is considerably more troublesome than 50uSec but both present a serious problem Multiband compression helps greatly in retaining a bright FM signal but adjusting the multiband crossovers and mix to achieve satisfactory bright ness does not necessarily place the crossovers at optimum locations for compression The bright ness processor permits more optimal tuning of the multiband compressor by adding another layer of control over the presence and brightness of the sound in a manner that is easy to adjust and dynamically adaptive to the program source material The brightness processor gives a first order shelv ing boost beginning at about 2100Hz as depicted in figure 5 6 You have control over the boost from 0 to 6dB The boost is dynamic by virtue of the brightness processor which measures the magnitude of the frequencies within the boosted shelf and makes continual adjustments to subtly lift the brightness of dull and deficient material while inhibiting the excessive brightness boost of already bright material Model 2020 FM Pro Audio Processor 5 9 Pre emphasis Limiter The Pre emphasis Limiter is an optional stereo module which generates and manages a dynamic 50 microsecond pre emphasis curve and provides the brickwall bandlimiting required for the stereo multiplex genera
12. 253 NId 17 YOTA z 5 Hat 1 ST NId ST4 d P Ste 5 4 SNId D gt SNI 22553 15 4 Hd Q D gt gon 27 m T o RIS 92 poo 252 NOT 022 ST ST ST 28NH Q8NM ur aT 79 ooz 5 0 ST ST STe mi ST ETU EES Ka N D Z SS3N c van deNH ana Tal 30297 TZD 07 3300109 1ndino dNJjnzz 1T 301 52 ST EYA XOT 54 AN ina BZT 104 0 TTS Su ST dN4 zz 5902 25 2 7 dNjnzz D 7 P 1354 92 00T P A318 7 OTNY 3402 ep q 95 aN jnzz bZ z 2 ZESSIN En sT Z 553N ven ZESSIN B asn edi Jn2b 225 aN 41007 JNZZ 000 9 5 107 AENA JENY 08 1014 40 5 Page 15 7 Model 2020 FM Pro Audio Processor 15 0 Schematics 26 01 20 96 0 80 3011 gt prays A 29547 49831 anines aon 5431914 QNUH XOSS3HdWOD 9 55300 225 1 ansnzz 411 SH315AS X3HdU 925 0826 0242 Add 4129 007 402900 13 29 679 215 2 PD 1 1 gt i 1 0 mT de ES
13. D gt To nez 525 JNT sE qu TTI eI unm n ONDE 84 21144954 arino 5 PNIH ZNIM TNIM Page 15 8 Model 2020 FM Pro Audio Processor 15 0 Schematics 54317115 ANYA 55 gt HOSS32Q3d Wd 7411 SH31SAS X3Hd 082 022 82d NYH LHOTY 5 5532044 lt 5598 01 PH 1331 5 5 4 5588 ol 26 01 20 96 0 80 3011 DEN 25 125 2 222 83 gino 402000 5 t LN 220 Z ldWUSN dN 922 8 gino 1 Page 15 9 Model 2020 FM Pro Audio Processor 15 0 Schematics NIUH23QIS NOISS3HdHOD 5530044 Wd 011 SH315AS X3HdU 002 022 82d E TD Tate TD 81311 T1344 zT qua AST TOOGLOW 8505 2 5 92302t 97 G OTNY T T AS 910842 aztn AR 4595 8 A 2 7 4 90623 2SN TS BPTENT 39256 27 6632 1 6 6v 3 gt 6 66 asn 58 apa AST TOO6 LOW E e 6 92504 92501 3 30 T T 26937 906 NZ zo 0 1 26 5 SPTGNT ety STU 6632 ZT JNT
14. Model 2020 FM Pro Audio Processor limit to something less than 15dB Perhaps you don t want the leveler to correct for low level signals below 10dB for example This user controlled feature establishes limit of gain correc tion between 0 and 15dB 5 4 7 Leveling Rate Control The rate at which the leveler is allowed to make gain corrections 15 user adjustable by this control The leveling rate 18 defined as the length of time it takes for the leveler to raise the gain by 10dB Normally this control will be set between 7 and 2 seconds The correct adjustment depends on the program format and the density of sound you want A faster rate increases the density but can sometimes reduce the punch of bass and percussion An optimum balance can be found between the leveling rate and multiband compres sion adjustments 5 4 8 Frequency Discrimination The leveler being a wideband process does not change the timbre or tonal balance of the program signal This is a great advantage especially because it is supported by so many technical innovations to mitigate and eliminate sonic interac tions and side effects of leveling The frequency discrimination of the leveler adds a very signifi cant improvement to the transparency of the lev eler Under frequency discrimination the leveler attacks more slowly for very low frequencies than for the rest of the frequency range Beginning at approximately 200Hz the attack time gradually slows
15. 3dB at 0 159Hz and 15 5KHz 12 4 7 Remote Control Interface Configuration RS232 standard serial port Connector DB 9 male Control capability All FM Pro functions and parameters Connectability Null modem cable to P C or modem cable to modem Modem Compatibility U S Robotics Sportster For others check with factory 12 4 8 Power Line Voltage Input 77 to 266VAC 50 1000Hz automatic no selection required Power Requirements 50 Watts Safety Standards CE UL CSA VDE 12 4 9 Physical Front Panel Size Standard 2 RU 3 5 vertical 19 inch panel Chassis Depth 13 125 in not including rear connectors Weight 14 pounds net 22 pounds shipping 12 4 10 Environmental Operating Temperature Range 32 122 deg F 0 50 deg C Humidity 0 to 95 RH non condensing end Model 2020 FM Pro Audio Processor Page 12 5 13 1 Introduction A reasonable confidence check can be made using conventional test equipment by following the pro cedure given below This will determine if the audio processing systems are operating in a nomi nal fashion but will not permit a full and detailed analysis Presently we regret that we are unable to supply a comprehensive test and calibration procedure that could be performed in the field A full and proper procedure requires numerous specially constructed test fixtures and other precision laboratory equip ment We are forced to advise you that should you run into any doubt about
16. 6 13 Tutorial A HOW TO Experience 7 0 All About Presets 7 1 What Are Presets Model 2020 FM Pro Audio Processor Page 1 3 1 0 Table Of Contents 7 2 What You Can Do With Presets 7 2 Recalling Presets 7 2 2 Saving Presets 7 2 3 Viewing Presets 7 2 4 Day Part Scheduline 7 3 The Auto Save Feature 7 4 Do I Really Need To Create Presets 7 5 Classes Of Presets 7 5 Factory Presets 7 5 2 User Presets 7 5 3 Global Preset 7 6 Tutorial Building And Using Presets 7 6 1 Menu Navigation 7 6 2 Recalling A Preset 7 6 3 Saving A Preset and making the global preset 7 6 4 Day Parting F4 7 7 Summary 8 0 Password Security System 8 1 Why A Security System 8 2 Log in Access 8 3 Logging Out 8 3 1 Manual Log Out 8 3 2 Auto Lock Out 8 4 Auto Save 8 5 Password Enabling 8 5 1 Software Password Enabling 8 5 2 Hardware Password Enabling 8 6 Access With Lost Password 8 6 1 Clearing The Password Memory 8 7 Setting The Password 8 8 Clearing The Password 9 0 Using Digital Audio 9 1 Connecting AES EBU Lines 9 1 1 Cable Pinout 9 2 AES EBU Synchronization 9 3 Digital To Analog Conversion 9 4 Auto Source 9 5 Digital Output 9 6 Facts About Digital Audio Bit Rate Reduction and Dynamics Processing 10 0 Using Multiplex 10 1 Stereo Generator Option 10 2 The Stereo Generator Menus Model 2020 FM Pro Audio Processor Page 1 4 1 0 Table Of Contents 10 3 Presets Memory 10 4 Mode Settings 10 4 1 Mono Mod
17. Cap Polyester 1 L S MKS02 Cap Mono Ceramic NPO LS 0 1 Cap Monolithic Ceramic Z5U Cap Mica Cap Tant 3M P N 2520 5002 UG Resistor Tin oxide film Resistor Network 6 Pin Common IC Dac Mult Dual MP7528JN IC Op Amp Bipolar Dual 5532 IC Op Amp JFET Dual LF353 IC Op Amp Bipolar Dual AD826AN IC Volt Reg 5V LM79L05 Trimpot 10 25 Adj PC Board 100 Tested Rev IC Socket 20 Pin IC Socket 8 Pin Description Cap Polyester 0 2 L S Cap Polyester 0 2 L S Cap Mica Cap Mica Cap Mica Cap Polyester 0 2 L S Cap Electrolytic non polar Cap Electrolytic Cap Mica Cap Monolithic Ceramic NPO Cap Polypropylene Cap Tant Cap Monolithic Ceramic Z5U 20K0 10 249K 1K00 30K1 2M2 12 4 6K19 42K2 10 16 10 Value 10pF ImF 10pF 20pF 1 00 10 Value 047mF OlmF 750pF 100 20 47mF 22mF 22mF N P 47pF 47pF 0068mF 10mF ImF 16 0 Parts Lists 1 1 1 1 1 5 1 1 1 2 Tol 5 10 5 20 5 20 1 2 Tol 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 2 5 20 120 2005 120 1005 120 2496 120 1004 120 3015 070 2207 120 1245 120 6194 120 4225 140 1350 490 0460 420 0240 770 4240 310 0040 Aphex P N 160 0020 190 1820 235 0120 235 0020 160 0060 220 0020 290 060
18. Processing Peak Overshoot Less than 1 596 above 100 modulation System Stereo Separation Greater than 65dB 20Hz to 15KHz Model 2020 FM Pro Audio Processor Page 12 2 12 0 Product Specifications 12 4 2 Analog Input Configuration Left and right Input Impedance 10 Ohms Common Mode Rejection gt 70dB 50Hz 20K Hz Sensitivity 24dBu to 10dBu for nominal input level Maximum Input Level 27dBu Connector Type XLR 3 Pin Female EMI Suppressed Pin 1 chassis ground Pins 2 amp 3 electronically balanced floating and symmetrical Pin 2 in in phase with multiplex and digital output 12 4 3 Analog Line Outputs Configuration Left and right Flat or pre emphasized Source Impedance 62 Ohms electronically servo balanced Load Impedance 600 Ohms or greater balanced or unbalanced Termination not required Maximum Output Level 24dBu onto 600 ohms balanced 27dBu unloaded Connector XLR 3 Pin male EMI Suppressed Pin 1 chassis ground Pins 2 amp 3 electronically balanced floating and symmetrical Pin 2 in in phase with multiplex and digital output 12 4 4 Digital Input Configuration Two channel AES EBU standard Pre emphasized or non pre emphasized Sampling Rate 32 44 1 and 48K Hz auto detect and lock Connector XLR 3 Pin male EMI Suppressed Pin 1 chassis ground Pins 2 amp 3 transformer balanced and floating Input Data Size 20 bits Input Frequency Response 1 to 20KHz 0 1dB Model 2020 FM P
19. 09 u 822517 ST 6 5 STU RRS ARS O6 NZ I 62 2 7 AVIS JAE TEM YETT cme ee 89529 2 3 EEY 7 51 623 t GASNA 55 MOD 2TA 5000 bT NT tTQ TTO 84 54 827 gt WIJ gt NI3NOHd3 110 030 2 woot 29 se 228 SZ 2 21 E 82 924 4559 0200 090 JHL OL 1 tox To 2 18 3569 ObZ OSO 30 1894 64 7 JON 3849 SIHL NI 5311 310N b2 87 8 7 ds zb 59 z zb 39026 390 5 Tb 53 zo 3 2 ST 934315 gt NI3NOHd1 S3NOHdQU3H 668 2 5 MOST 6469 GETH 53 928141 neg ern TA pr TONS ATO tu 0 Page 15 6 Model 2020 FM Pro Audio Processor 15 0 Schematics 9 1 553004 Wd SNI SWALSAS OZTb 022 Add 4402 672 4661 2661 2661 2661 2661 4661 966T 966T of HLIIUJ 1194 OZ NUM 4 NUM 1193 03 40 AON HLIUJ ST gt AN L3
20. 1 120 1503 Model 2020 FM Pro Audio Processor Page 16 1 26 1 R18 27 6 R13 R14 R16 R1 R25 R27 28 2 R19 R22 29 3 R15 R26 R28 30 2 R20 R23 31 1 RNI 32 1 U5 33 1 Ul 34 3 U2 U3 U4 35 1 None 36 3 None 37 1 None I O Board Assembly 050 2940 Item Quan Reference Designators l 6 2 3 4 7 8 2 6 C5 C6 C21 C22 C27 C28 3 4 C11 C12 C29 C30 4 4 C13 C14 C15 C16 5 8 C17 C18 C19 C20 C23 C24 C25 C26 6 7 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 7 l DI 8 2 1 2 9 1 KI 10 4 L1 L2 L3 L4 2 01 02 12 2 R2 R7 13 2 RILRI2 R3 R4 R8 R9 4 4 15 6 R5 R10 R17 R18 R28 R29 16 1 R13 17 4 R19 R20 R30 R31 18 4 R21 R22 R32 R33 19 2 R23 R34 20 7 R14 R24 R25 R35 R36 R39 R40 21 4 R26 R27 R37 R38 22 2 RN1 RN2 2 1 RN3 RN8 RN9 24 8 RN4A RN4D RN5A RN5D RN6A RN6D RN7A RN7D 25 8 RN4B RN4C RN5B RN5C RN6B RN6C RN7B RN7C 26 1 RNIO 27 6 U1 U3 U5 U6 U8 U10 28 4 U2 U4 U7 U9 29 U11 U12 30 2 VRI VR2 3 2 VR3 VR4 32 1 3 10 34 2 35 2 TP1 TP2 Crossover Board Assembly 050 2960 Item Quan Reference Designators 1 4 CLC2 CT CS 2 4 C3 C4 C9 C10 3 4 5 6 11 12 4 J C13 C14 C15 C16 C17 C18 C19 5 2 HLH2 Model 2020 FM Pro Audio Processor Resistor Tin Oxide Film Resistor Tin Oxide Film Resistor Tin Oxide Film Resistor Tin Oxide Film Resistor Tin Oxide Film Resistor Network IC 74HCT374 IC Pwr Amp NSC LM1876TF IC CMOS 74 138
21. 1 0 4 7mF 0 1 499 4 99 10 2K49 42K2 20K0 47K5 365K 10 470RC6 10KC6 16 0 Parts Lists 1 1 1 2 20 Tol 20 20 20 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 120 2874 120 2494 120 2674 140 0120 490 0460 490 0500 490 0140 770 4280 310 0220 310 0040 310 0020 225 0020 Aphex P N 220 0020 220 0220 235 0020 470 0040 290 0600 490 0550 500 0180 120 4996 120 4994 120 1005 120 2494 120 4225 120 2005 120 4755 120 3656 140 0120 140 1420 140 0600 490 0460 460 0060 770 4200 310 0020 310 0040 Page 16 3 Octal VCA Board Assembly 050 3000 Item Quan Reference Designators I 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 16 QN N 24 o A L G CO C1 C2 C3 C4 C7 C8 C9 C10 C13 C14 C15 C16 C19 C20 21 22 5 6 11 12 C17 C18 C23 C24 C25 C26 C27 C28 C29 C30 C31 C32 HI H2 RI R2 R9 R10 R23 R24 R31 R32 R45 R46 R53 R54 R67 R68 R75 R76 R3 R8 R11 R16 R25 R30 R33 R38 R47 R52 R55 R60 R69 R74 R77 R82 R4 R5 R6 R12 R13 R14 R26 R27 R28 R34 R35 R36 R48 R49 R50 R56 R57 R58 R70 R71 R72 R78 R79 R80 R7 R15 R29 R37 R51 R59 R73 R81 R17 R18 R39 R40 R61 R62 R83 R84 R19 R20 R21 R22 R41 R42 R43 R44 R63 R64 R65 R66 R85 R86 R87 R88 R8
22. 3 1 7 1 Analog 3 1 7 2 Digital 3 1 7 3 Bypass 3 1 8 LCD Display 3 2 Front Panel Controls 3 2 1 Spin Dial 3 2 2 Navigation Cursor Buttons 3 2 3 Esc No Enter Yes 3 2 4 Input Output Monitor 4 0 Navigating The Menus 4 1 Introduction To The Menu Display 4 2 Menu Display Features 4 2 1 Header 4 2 2 Menu Selections 4 2 3 Footer 4 3 Display Sleeping Mode Model 2020 FM Pro Audio Processor Page 1 1 1 0 Table Of Contents 4 4 Password Security Page 4 5 Main Menu Page 1 of 2 4 5 1 Password Menu 4 5 1 1 Edit Password 4 5 1 2 View Password 4 5 1 3 Log in 4 5 1 4 Log out 4 5 2 Presets 4 5 2 1 Recall Preset 4 5 2 2 Save Preset 4 5 2 3 View list 4 5 2 4 Day Parting 4 5 2 4 Edit Day Parting 4 5 2 4 2 View parting 4 5 3 Processing 4 5 3 Processing Menu Page One 4 5 3 1 1 Input Output Menu 4 5 3 1 2 Leveler Gate Menu 4 5 3 1 3 Multiband Compressor Menu 4 5 3 1 4 Limiter Bass Menu 4 5 3 2 Processing Menu Page Two 4 5 3 2 Preemp Limiter Menu 4 5 3 2 2 Stereo Generator Menu 4 5 3 2 3 AES Status Menu 4 5 3 2 4 More or Less Menu 4 5 4 Remote Link 4 6 Main Menu Page 2 of 2 4 6 1 Set Unit Time Menu 4 6 2 Display Mode Menu 4 6 3 Options Page 4 6 4 Unit Info Page 5 0 Detailed Audio Processing Description 5 Processing Overview 5 2 Generalized Processing Structure 5 3 1 Input Selection 5 3 2 Filters 5 3 2 1 20117 Highpass Filter 5 3 2 2 16 5 KHz Lowpass Filter 5 2 2 3 Spectral Phase Refractor SPR 5
23. 8 0 Password Security System Pro will revert back to the preset which was in effect at the time you logged in or the last preset you saved while working This saves you from losing your work should you forget to save it to your own user preset You can later come back and retrieve your work from the Auto Save memory 8 5 Password Enabling There are two password enable methods in the FM Pro hardware and software The hardware enable consists of a movable jumper located inside the FM Pro s chassis This jumper is only accessible by removing the top chassis cover As shipped from the factory this jumper Is set to enable When the jumper is set to enable the software enable 15 active When the jumper is moved to disable the software enable is defeated at all times 8 5 1 Software Password Enabling Assuming the hardware is enabled hardware jump er set to enable the software enable exists implic by setting up a password or deleting the password If the password 16 null 1 the word is blank then the password system Is software disabled If a password 18 set up 1 at least one character is entered and saved as a password the password security system is software enabled and you will thereafter have to enter the password to gain log in access 8 5 2 Hardware Password Enabling The hardware password jumper serves two func tions Hirst it permanently enables or disables the password capability depending on whethe
24. PC Board 100 Tested IC Socket 16 pin Heat sink for U1 Description Cap Elect NP Music Cap Polyester 2 LS Cap MICA Cap Elect NP Music Cap MICA Cap Monolithic Ceramic Z5U Diode Silicon Signal 1N914B Connector male 2520RA Relay DPDT 12V TQ2E 12V Inductor Transistor NPN SI 2N3904 Resistor Tin Oxide Film Resistor Tin Oxide Film Resistor Tin Oxide Film Resistor Tin Oxide Film Resistor Tin Oxide Film Resistor Tin Oxide Film Resistor Tin Oxide Film Resistor Tin Oxide Film Resistor Tin Oxide Film Resistor Tin Oxide Film Resistor Network 8 Pin Isolated Resistor Network 8 Pin Isolated Resistor Tin Oxide Film Resistor Tin Oxide Film R Network 100KC6 IC Op Amp NE5532 IC Op Amp LF353 IC Analog Switch CD4016 Trimpot PT10H Trimpot PT10H PC Board 100 Tested IC Socket 8 Pin IC Socket 14 Pin Test Point Description Cap Polypropylene 63V Cap Polypropylene 63V Cap Polypropylene 63V Cap Monolithic Ceramic Z5U Connector male 2520RA 113R 10 0 2 49 249R 4K99 10KC4 Value 22mF 47mF 1 OpF 100mF 20pF ImF 47mH 1 00 10 2 87 10 113 1 00 56 2 2M2I 20 0 150 10 10 35 7 100 50 10 Value 022mF 01mF 0047mF 0 1mF 16 0 Parts Lists 1 1 1 1 1 2 Tol 20 5 5 20 5 20 1 1 1 5 1 1 1
25. Positive Pin 2 Positive Pin 3 Negative Pin 3 Negative 14 10 Multiplex Output The BNC output connector is chassis isolated to reduce the possibility of ground loop output hum The output ground does have a d c ground path to the chassis but it flows by way of the multiplex output amplifier s ground reference point to elimi nate any hum loops that may intercede from the chassis or rack frame The BNC connector 15 directly RF coupled to the chassis to facilitate effective RFI suppression of RF signals which may enter the FM Pro through the BNC jack and cable For best results use only top quality BNC cables and connectors Loose or intermittent con nectors may cause noise and instability of your FM Exciter 14 11 RS 232 Connector This DB9 connector is for use with remote control as described in section 11 on Remote Operation The pins of the connector are RFI filtered but it 1s best to use shielded cables to reduce the possibility of interference entering the FM Pro if operating in a strong RF field 14 9 Summary You should have no trouble installing the FM Pro If any difficulties are experienced other informa tion contained in this manual will probably supply adequate assistance Please study this manual before contacting the factory for assistance end Model 2020 FM Pro Audio Processor Page 14 3 15 0 Schematics 15 1 Advisory The diagrams included in this manual are intended principally as a resource
26. Pro See figure 5 2 for a complete block diagram 5 2 Generalized Processing Structure It can be seen from figure 5 1 that 6 main elements comprise the FM Pro A 7th element the digital audio interface is not shown but will later be described Even more detailed information about the digital audio interface is given in section 9 Using Digital Audio The input conditioner selects the analog or digital source and prepares it for further processing by inserting user selected filters The leveler auto matically and artistically rides gain over the pro gram level The multiband compressor provides fully adjustable program compression to improve the program consistency compensate for low qual ity program material and allow you to tailor the sound of your radio station The multiband lim iter and bass processor are interactively linked to Input Multiband Multiband Conditioner Compressor Limiter Pre emp Processor I I I I 1 1 1 1 1 I I I I i AID gt I I I Processor I I I I I I I I I PPDM Stereo Gen Brightness Enhancer Output Options signal and constantly limits the pre emphasized signal to fit within the 100 modulation limits The PPDM stereo generator converts the fully processed audio signal into a stable and precise FM multiplex output The pre emphasis processor and PPDM stereo generator are both optional features In the case the
27. Spectral Phase Refractor SPR on off Stereo Insert on off Input Source A or D Output A D or A amp D B Processing Menu Pre emphasis Limiter Menu Pre emphasis filter 50 or 75 microsecond De emphasis on off C Processing Menu Stereo Generator Menu pages 1 2 Pilot Mix percentage Pilot on off Input mode Stereo Mono L R or L R Mono Mode 90 or 100 D Processing Menu AES Status Transmit rate Slave 32 44 1 or ASkHz 7 6 Tutorial Building And Using Presets Perhaps the best way to teach 15 by example This tutorial walks you through the steps of recalling a preset building the global preset 001 and then setting up a day part schedule 7 6 1 Menu Navigation Figure 7 1 shows the menu tree as it will be referenced in this tutorial Three branches are shown leading to recalling presets saving presets and making a day part schedule You can get an easy grasp of the logical menu paths simply by glimpsing at this diagram Once you are through the log in procedure the screen will show the Main Menu If you somehow advanced past the main menu simply repeat press ing the ESC key until the Main Menu appears Among the Main Menu selections 18 F2 the selec tion for Presets Select F2 and press enter You are now in the Preset Menu From here you Model 2020 FM Pro Audio Processor may select Recall Preset F1 Save Preset F2 View List F3 or Day Part F4 Selecting these items will open othe
28. although right now that is not necessary Action Set up the global parameters Go through the Processing Menus and reset all parameters listed m 7 4 3 above Some of the parameters may be blocked out of the menu depend ing on which options are installed your FM Model 2020 FM Pro Audio Processor Page 7 4 Pro You needn t be concerned about any blocked out parameters since the unit deals with them automatically You may have already become familiar with setting up the processing but If you don t know what to do with a feature for example insert loop or SPR just turn the feature off Make sure that at least your audio I O levels are set approximately correctly and you have the correct input selected analog or digital Also be sure the Insert Loop is turned off unless you have an external device connected to the insert loop Action Save preset When you want to save the work you have done go to the Preset Menu and select Save Preset F2 The first screen will come up with the particular page containing the last recalled preset On the bottom the screen will ask you to Enter Location Scroll through the pages and this time choose U01 Globals At other times you may choose other memory locations Be careful not to chose a location containing a preset you don t want to lose since it will be overwritten by your new preset Note You simply cannot save to a factory preset Once the use
29. r TY 2414 4 E v 636v cT 24 9 0 26 62 80 26 62 20 26 92 20 H298333M AST 6 2 Ta 26 20 90 1194 26 62 80 1 194 26 1 06 26 92 0 Hilva r N3011 9 26 39T TO N39I1 1194 96 vO TT 1104 3 Mug 9e TZ O 3H 56 0 7434 56 9 7 2 HOU8MHH3M 2 993 gt 66 HOT 8 Zu 95N3 ASNA 817 9 987 86 7 ST 8 7 sa T 9 vzd b asn 5 12H 82057 AW 0 0 26 92u02b atas 9 AST 5 z gt TIJWYSI Send HOT 5 StT6NT ota OTN QT Nt 80 StT6NT 8 7 8 7 ea 44 ST 917 5 bT 31 b b Page 15 10 Model 2020 Pro Audio Processor 15 0 Schematics 6ZZ0Z90 11194 46 62 80 1193 6 1194 1474 4 4 4 4 q 9603 26 92 46 HII NIUH23OIS NOISS3NdHOD 5 3000 16 62 80 5 26 77 20 HLIVA 4 46 62 20 11934 967 1194 M 213 26 92 20 HOUSHNM3JM 0 96 1Z2 0 AJJ 411 58 315 5 X3HdU MYO SGZbPOZTO ARN 56 87 27 HOUSMH3M OOZb 042 47419 596 LN 2v 31 067 I J 07 000 S9N3 USNM 89 z gt 21144959 X TENT
30. the Spin dial all processor controls are easily accessed The right half of the panel also contains a high quality headphone monitor that provides a means for listening to the raw input signal in comparison to the fully processed output signal 3 2 1 Spin Dial The Spin dial is used to adjust the variable menu parameters which have been chosen by use of the navigation keys Depending upon the situation the Spin dial will act like a potentiometer or selector switch 3 2 2 Navigation Cursor Buttons The four lighted red buttons that are labeled with white arrows pointing up down right and left are used to navigate the various pages and menus seen on the LCD display Generally the up and down Model 2020 FM Pro Audio Processor 3 0 The User Interface cursors move the pointer up and down through selections on a menu page while the left and right cursors switch between multiple pages of a multipage menu 3 2 3 Esc No Enter Yes These two lighted red buttons allow the user to commit to or escape from menu choices Repeated escapes will back out of menus until the Main menu is reached Enter yes is used to select a menu choice or verify a menu commitment 3 2 4 Input Output Monitor The lighted red buttons above the headphone jack select their respective audio signals for monitoring The selected signal appears at the stereo headphone jack only The proper de emphasis 1f appropriate is automatically inserted in
31. the DAC s are not used as variable resistors and remain abso lutely consistent providing extremely low distortion and noise 5 6 5 Output Mixing The band outputs are each sent through a multiply ing DAC for level adjustment then the DAC outputs are summed equally At normal mix all DAC s are attenuated 50 which represents OdB on the multiband mix control This allows up to 6dB relative boost of any band or up to infinite attenuation The DAC s are used in linear feedback mode providing extremely low distortion and noise No digital potentiometers or digital resistors are used for audio since these are all known to suffer from sonic degradation 5 6 6 Adjustable Release Timing The band compressors contain individual release timing adjustments controlled by the microcon troller unit Only the slow averaging time constant of the convoluting WDC 15 adjustable The peak responding portion remains unaltered at all times Page 5 4 5 0 Detailed Audio Processing Description 5 6 7 Band Coupling The longitudinal band to band same channel coupling links together the slow averaging part of the WDC detectors This allows you to reduce the long therm equalization effects of the multiband compressor while retaining the frequency discrimi nation for peak control and transient compression Any pair of adjacent bands can be linked in any combination 1 gt lt 2 2 gt lt 3 3 gt lt 4 or any combination of these are selecta
32. the unit should work properly If the modem s AA light does not come on then either the modem or the cable is defective 11 4 5 Compatibility Issues We have experienced problems supporting some manufacturer s modems Our lab has verified that the 33 6 baud modems by US Robotics Best Data and Supra will work with the FM Pro If you have another brand of modem and you find it works well with the FM Pro we would like you tell us so we may add it our list of known modems As time goes by we will post additional modem information on the Internet at our web site www aphex com 11 5 PC Remote Control Main Form When you first start the program you will see the Main Form of figure 11 5 This form links you to all the program functions such as the control panels presets and communications The various indicators on this form show you how well the data is being passed between the FM Pro and your PC Model 2020 FM Pro Audio Processor 11 0 Remote Operation n Heena s atu 1 Spee 27777 hae Lir Sighs Opens Figure 11 5 Main Form 11 5 1 Link Status This indicator shows you if your link status is working and whether by direct line or modem The operating condition is indicated in green Note The FM Pro must have the Remote Interface feature turned on and set to the correct mode modem or direct or you c
33. 0 6 90 grzn 07 T 133HS Tey dN 3nzz 01 AST 10 87 725 917 BsNz 34v EEE za F zrq 397 HOOT e TG orany 14 5 I SNH 9T0b esea gaen AST e 6T2 pe QSNM agzn C 1L33HS5 Page 15 30 Model 2020 FM Pro Audio Processor 16 0 Parts List 16 1 Purpose The parts list of this manual is supplied for the purpose of repair and maintenance of the FM Pro by qualified technicians only Parts may be ordered for replacement purposes by the Aphex part number and part description Always replace damaged parts with original parts supplied by Aphex if the exact replacement is not available from local resources Certain parts are made exclu sively by or for Aphex and must be ordered directly from us or through our distributors 16 2 Disclaimer Publishing this parts list does not imply that Aphex grants license to modify the product in any way or that Aphex shall supply parts for any purpose other than servicing a defective unit While the present partlist has been compiled from actual manufacturing bills of materials and 15 believed to be substantially accurate publishing discrepancies may occur due to running production changes design changes typographical errors or other reasons When ordering repair parts be sure to acertain the part number and revision level of the faulty assembly the
34. 0060 800 0220 800 0460 795 0060 795 0260 795 1320 790 1400 795 0260 Page 16 14 17 1 Obtaining Service For The FM Pro Aphex Systems supports its customers with spare parts and technical assistance You may contact us by phone fax and the Internet Out of warranty repair work should be performed only by qualified service personnel We highly recommend using the factory or other authorized service agencies to obtain all repair work Units may not be shipped to Aphex for service without first obtaining an RMA returned material authorization Equipment received without an RMA may be refused for delivery and returned to the sender Contact Aphex customer support for an RMA The RMA number must be placed on the outside of the shipping carton to identify the unit Please also include within the container a brief letter describing the defect or the problem s symptoms your name and return shipping address and contact telephone number for you or someone else who 1s familiar with the equipment problem You may contact Aphex customer support through Telephone 1 818 767 2929 Fax 1 818 767 2641 Internet techsup aphex com Outside the USA contact your local authorized Aphex distributor or dealer for service You can find the appropriate world wide service agencies by contacting Aphex Systems by phone fax or on the Internet 17 2 Warranty Claims All warranty claims must be presented to the Aphex factory customer support dep
35. 050 3280 290 0620 290 0600 630 0140 360 0060 500 0160 500 0180 500 0260 120 7874 120 1005 120 2006 120 3014 120 2522 120 4994 120 4423 120 4644 120 4124 070 5607 120 1007 120 1505 120 1506 120 6654 120 1824 120 2215 120 7504 120 1503 120 4534 120 2005 120 6815 490 0300 480 0900 490 0140 480 0240 420 0450 420 0160 420 0200 420 0240 770 4340 040 0040 310 0020 310 0080 840 0720 Aphex P N 230 0320 235 0140 230 0040 230 0140 470 0120 Page 16 10 6 6 FL1 FL2 FL3 FL6 FL7 FL8 7 4 FLA FLS FL9 FL10 8 1 9 5 J1 J2 J5 J6 J9 10 5 J3 J4 J7 J8 J10 11 4 1 2 3 4 12 6 L1 L3 L5 L7 L13 L15 13 6 L2 L4 L6 L8 L14 L16 14 6 L9 L10 L11 L12 L17 L18 15 6 R1 R2 R3 R4 R9 R10 16 6 R5 R6 R7 R8 R11 R12 17 2 R13 R14 18 2 11 12 19 1 None 15KHz Lowpass Filter Assembly 050 3280 Quan Reference Designators Item co 1 tn O LD 3 Q RW DR RR DR DDR NF NK OQ Ci CIS CE 02 05 CO0 C3 C4 C15 C19 C6 C7 C22 C8 C9 C17 Cll C16 C21 C18 203 094 028 C26 C27 COR L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L6 RI R2 R4 R6 R7 R8 R10 R11 R3 R5 R9 1 01 LD2 LD3 1 04 LDS LD6 VR2 5 VR3 VR4 VR6 VR7 UI U2 3 04 U5 JUI JU2 JU3 JU4 JU5 JU6 JU7 Front Panel Display Board Assembly 050 3200 Item Quan Reference Designators I 2 CONN 95 9 10 11 12 13 14 3 8 N
36. 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 Tol 2 5 2 5 2 5 20 120 1133 120 1005 120 2494 120 2493 120 4994 140 1400 480 1040 480 1900 480 0980 770 4100 310 0060 700 0100 Aphex P N 225 0020 190 1360 160 0020 225 0040 160 0060 235 0020 470 0040 290 0600 630 0100 360 0100 500 0260 120 1007 120 1005 120 2874 070 1008 120 1133 120 1007 120 5622 120 2217 120 2005 120 1503 140 0300 140 0120 120 1005 120 3575 140 1460 490 0300 490 0140 460 0060 420 0100 420 0240 770 4120 310 0020 310 0040 840 0720 Aphex P N 190 1570 190 1380 190 1520 235 0020 290 0600 Page 16 2 6 4 R1 R2 R7 R8 7 4 R3 RA R9 R10 8 4 7 172 9 12 RNI RN2 RN3 RNA4 RN5 RN6 RN7 RNS8 RN9 RNIO RNI1 RN12 10 6 U1 U2 U3 U4 U5 U6 11 6 U7 U9 U11 U13 U15 U17 12 6 U8 U10 U12 U14 U16 U18 13 1 None 14 6 None 15 6 None 16 6 None 17 8 C20 C21 C22 C23 C24 C25 26 27 Octal Sidechain Board Assembly 050 2980 Item Quan Reference Designators I 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Model 2020 FM Pro Audio Processor 16 22 B OF N C1 C3 C4 C6 C7 C9 C10 C12 C13 C15 C16 C18 C19 C21 C22 C24 C2 C5 C8 C11 C14 C17 C20 23 C25 C26 C27 C28 C29 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 D10 D11 D12 D13 D14 D15 D16 D17 D18 D19 D20 D21 D22 D23 D24 D25 D26 D27 D28 D29 D30 D31 D32 D33 D34 D35 D36 D37 D38 D39 D40 D41 D
37. 15 21 Model 2020 FM Pro Audio Processor 15 0 Schematics ST bTGNT 5247 P rg ozTarw pod 0926 0224 HOd ST MIM 7 gt b Dese OOXT x 6v 817 b i t b 31 P abn ST E31 23 aen EZA 067 447 pOGENZ 29 923 1 7 906 ze Exc gun 9 THA AN A 2 2v 41 TZ Jen Oza 2TM M 3002 ETH 6 2 POGENS 8TA T STEN SbT ENT osa gt ZDAN s gt eo era 4 8667 gt 453 2 5238 6 nats SZ gt 8 619 2 8 7 7 p S 290 A 08 023 IHd 26 02 3MM 26 72 80 WS 26 92 90 26 40 90 26 TZ vO WS 26 60 70 AJA 26 21 20 7745 9e 0 2T ABA WS 96 60 90 Mad 967 27 50 DA 31 96 0 v0 A3 JO 23 966T 8 34 HOUBMH3M 40 87 AN 7 oen 5T 87 tra e ros 967 dN 3n 214 SDNY 2277 8 7 sra 91307 817 AN 2v 41 zi 87 87 07 7 VENA 91307 n 254 aN3anzz 91307 9017 za t n aT NY dNJn
38. 3 2 4 Pre emphasis Assist Equalizer 5 4 Frequency Discriminate Leveler FDL 5 4 Silence Gate 5 4 2 Dynamic Verification Gate DVG 5 4 3 Sticky Leveling 5 4 4 Jump Ahead 5 4 5 Attenuation Lock 5 4 6 Gain Lock 5 4 7 Leveling Rate Control 5 4 8 Frequency Discrimination 5 5 Insert Loop Model 2020 FM Pro Audio Processor Page 1 2 1 0 Table Of Contents 5 6 The Multiband Compressor 5 6 1 Post Crossover Method 5 6 2 Wave Dependent Compression WDC 5 6 3 Peak Accelerated Compression PAC 5 6 4 Adjustable Crossovers Band Filters 5 6 5 Output Mixing 5 6 6 Adjustable Release Timing 5 6 7 Band Coupling 5 6 8 Stereo Coupling 5 6 9 The VCA Technology 5 7 Split Band Bass Processor Limiter 5 7 1 Warm Bass Equalizer 5 7 2 Sub Bass Equalizer 5 7 3 Phase Coherent Crossover 5 7 4 Split Band Clipper SBC 5 8 Brightness Processor 5 9 Pre emphasis Limiter 5 10 PPDM Stereo Generator 5 11 Digital I O Module 6 0 Setting Up Processing 6 1 Steps In Setting Up 6 2 Targeting Processing Goals 6 3 Create the Global Preset 6 4 Select A Factory Preset 6 5 Adjusting the Processing 6 6 Leveling 6 6 1 Control Locks 6 6 2 DVG 6 6 3 Sticky Leveler 6 6 4 Silence Gate 6 6 5 Leveling Rate 6 7 Multiband Compression 6 7 1 Crossovers 6 7 2 Multiband Drive 6 7 3 Band Release 6 7 4 Band Mix 6 7 5 Band Coupling 6 8 Peak Limiting 6 9 Bass Enhancement 6 10 Brightness Enhancement 6 11 Pre emphasis Limiting 6 12 Save Your Preset
39. 3M P N 2510 5002 UG 3M P N 2520 5002 UG Relay DPDT 5V TQ2E 5V Value 20pF 33mF 10pF 1mF 1 00 4K99 2185 200K 5M6 20K0 56 2 10 100 100 1 IK IT Value 0 047mF 20pF 001mF 0 1 mF OlmF 22mF Tol 5 10 5 20 1 1 1 1 5 1 1 2 2 Tol 5 5 2 5 5 20 2 5 20 16 0 Parts Lists Aphex P N 160 0060 190 0760 160 0020 235 0020 290 0600 290 0620 120 1004 120 4994 120 2152 120 2006 070 5607 120 2005 120 5622 140 0120 140 1440 480 0900 490 0140 490 0760 490 0300 420 0160 420 0200 770 4180 310 0080 310 0020 040 0040 840 0720 Aphex P N 190 0340 160 0060 190 1540 190 0840 235 0020 190 1380 225 0020 470 0040 290 0620 290 0600 630 0140 Page 16 4 12 4 Q1 02 03 04 3 4 R1 R2 R3 R4 l4 2 R5 R7 1 2 R6 R8 16 10 R9 RIO R20 R25 R26 R36 R42 R43 R46 R47 17 4 R11 R13 R27 R29 18 2 R12 R28 19 2 R14 R30 20 2 R15 R31 21 2 R16 R32 22 2 R17 R33 23 4 R18 R23 R34 R39 24 R19 R35 25 2 R21 R37 26 2 R22 R38 27 2 R24 R40 28 4 R41 R44 R45 R48 29 8 R49 R50 R51 R52 R53 R54 R55 R56 30 4 RNI RN2 RN3 RNA 3 8 01 02 03 04 05 06 U7 U8 U9 U10 U11 U12 32 1 None 33 8 None Silence Gate Leveler Board Assembly 050 3040 Item Quan Reference Designators Transistor NPN SI 2N3904 Resistor Tin O
40. 5MB Hard Disk Space for program files 5 3 5 1 44 Floppy Drive 6 One available serial port coml 2 3 or 4 7 800x600 or better Color or Monochrome Display 8 Pointing device mouse trackball etc 9 Two modems one for the P C and one for the FM Pro no modems needed for port direct connection 11 2 Software Installation We constantly strive to improve our software Please take into account any changes that may be implemented in newer software versions and alter your interpretation of these instructions accord ingly Check the 2020 web site at www aphex com for new release information The FM Pro comes ready for remote operation so you will not be required to install software into the unit itself You need only to install the remote control software onto your own computer To begin installation insert Install diskette 1 and from the run menu enter a setup then click OK If your floppy drive letter is other than then simply substitute the correct drive letter i e b setup The setup program will automatically install all required components into your system and create a Model 2020 FM Pro Audio Processor 11 0 Remote Operation directory named to contain the program files You will be instructed to insert additional diskettes as needed 11 3 Communications Cable Hook Ups You can connect your computer to the FM Pro through a direct RS232 cable or a pair of modems The ser
41. FM Pro s operation Fail safe operation is assured by a power off internal relay bypass of both the analog and digital audio I O circuits Power up fast recovery gets the FM Pro back on line with all programmable parameters set correctly and operat ing in just a few tenths of a second The front panel displays are more than token indicators They indicate the actual operation of all major process functions in real time 2 3 Applications The flexibility of the Aphex FM Pro makes it suitable for nearly every FM broadcasting entity from government owned to purely commercial Whether your audio system contains analog digital or both formats the FM Pro can be configured to fit in perfectly Fully adjustable parameters allow you to optimize the FM Pro for any program format classical music talk even heavy metal Automated transformation of processing parameters by the day hour and minute allow radio stations with varying formats to tailor the FM Pro exactly as required for each day part Although the FM Pro 15 intended mainly for FM broadcasting it will find many interesting applications in other fields where abso lute audio control and flexible sound tailoring are desired Digital and analog mastering recording satellite uplinks and amplified sound are just a few examples Page 2 1 2 0 Product Description 2 4 FM Pro OPTIONS Analog Analog Stereo Stereo Input Output Basic X X Option 1 X X Option 2 X X Option 3 X
42. Fm Processing chain time patience and awareness will net a great deal of information and direction Be sure to take the time to be consistent with the tuning of the Fm Pro Attempt one change at a time log your changes and update presets frequently Listen in many different environments and develop a language that will allow effective expression of what your ears are experiencing end Model 2020 FM Pro Audio Processor Page 6 6 7 1 What Are Presets Presets are data arrays kept in memory to mass program the FM Pro on demand Each preset contains all data needed to digitally control every programmable element of the processor A total of 24 preset memories are provided These comprise 8 factory presets and 16 user presets The factory presets were designed to serve a variety of programming formats and are stored in read only memory locations designated PO1 through P08 The user presets are stored in flash memory locations designated U01 through U16 and can be repeatedly overwritten as desired 7 2 What You Can Do With Presets You can save recall and view presets as well as set up day parting to make the FM Pro change processing characteristics according to a day and time schedule You can also upload or download your presets as data files through the remote control software This feature facilitates the distribution of presets In radio groups or between other interested parties 7 2 1 Recalling Presets The re
43. Grn Header 12 Make from CA F36 23B 5 Header 10 Make from CA F36 23B 5 LED Red Transistor NPN SI 25D600 Transistor NPN SI 2N3904 Resistor Tin Oxide Film Resistor Tin Oxide Film Resistor Tin Oxide Film Resistor Tin Oxide Film 220mH 1 0mH 47mH 1K00 150R 110R Value 1000pF 330pF OluF 3300pF 100 6800 4700pF 1500pF 2200pF O luF 18mH 232K 10 0 42K2 47K5 15K8 2K5 0 5 0 Value 0 1mF 0 1mF 10 100 330 2K49 16 0 Parts Lists 10 10 10 1 1 1 Tol 2 5 2 5 2 5 2 5 2 5 2 5 2 5 2 5 2 5 20 1 1 1 1 1 Tol 20 20 360 0120 360 0150 290 0800 310 2920 310 2900 630 0100 360 0080 360 0060 360 0100 120 1004 120 1503 120 1103 380 0750 770 4320 Aphex P N 190 1540 190 1440 190 1380 190 1460 190 1480 190 1500 190 1520 190 1420 190 1560 235 0020 360 0200 120 2326 120 1005 120 4725 120 4755 120 1585 530 0260 420 0540 420 0520 420 0420 770 1980 490 0300 310 0020 840 0720 840 1080 310 0360 060 0002 Aphex P N 235 0020 230 0140 530 0550 530 0600 530 0500 310 3140 310 3140 530 0280 500 0360 500 0260 120 1005 120 1003 120 3303 120 2494 Page 16 11 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 2 23 24 25 26 27 R6 R7 R8 R9 R10 R11 RNI RN3 RN5 RN6 RN7 RN8 RN9 SWI SW2 SW3 SWA4 SWS SW6 SW7 SW8 U1 U5 U2 U3 U4 U6 U7 U8 U9 U10
44. Menus this menu 4 6 4 Unit Info Page This page displays the version and date of the software installed in the FM Pro The telephone number for Aphex Systems customer support 15 also displayed Nice touch right end Page 4 5 4 0 Navigating The Menus Blank Page Model 2020 FM Pro Audio Processor Page 4 6 5 0 Detailed Audio Processing Description 5 1 Processing Overview The Aphex FM Pro is a complete audio processor for FM broadcasting Contained in an FM Pro are input conditioning circuits an advanced automatic level controller a unique and fully adjustable mul absolutely peak limit the audio signal while allow ing significant bass improvements to be obtained The interactivity greatly reduces the occurrence of intermodulation distortion The pre emphasis processor adds pre emphasis to the peak limited Figure 5 1 Simplified Block Diagram Computerized Control System Input Options tiband compressor a new technology multiband limiter integrated with a bass support subsystem an FM pre emphasis processor a PPDM multiplex stereo generator and a digital audio I O subsys tem All parameters are programmable through built in digital control and memory presets While no additional audio processing is required for outstanding performance provisions are made to insert outboard processing equipment such as an Aphex Aural Exciter tm if desired Figure 2 1 illustrates a simplified block diagram of the FM
45. ONOW nT 1141 23 22 TO T S bZ pz Q an DO Hh STERI SN LaLa 23 Tad MO 45 bor e A ba gt on HY 5 521 IA 1331 Page 15 27 Model 2020 FM Pro Audio Processor 15 0 Schematics 559 5 lt 259 259 TSS 05 lt JOA mHZFLNKl TOL M QO 2 Q QN 3 43 gt 903 420125 STNI 3o PTNI 18916 TNI 379 TNI u TTNI OTNI 6NI Q Q BNI 5 6 AAS E amp NI 1979 4 s T 1 7 THA er lt 1503 INOS UE B ECL cH mm q 499 tas 0 A il ii I ANMTNOR ON Qr 3nOOT ase TC T 18335 02 QN3 SIO i ZTH T 15398 IE 6 zooal 11 22222 EE eee eg oe AIAS pn 4 gt 25 2 zPs 4422 1422 25 gt ZHWZ 2006 0 3180 0 114 035 9 15 28 NP Y G OO 3 2 3 OT u 6 1 3 N 5 1 3 N 2 b T d 1 0 5 4 y 5 ZL SF 1 31329 3 gt fp 9 S E HIIN 4 ST oe 94 539 ANMTNORD 3712 M
46. Q1 Q2 16 1 Q3 17 2 04 05 18 2 R25 19 18 R2 R3 R11 R12 R19 R20 R26 R27 R35 R36 R43 R44 R51 R52 R53 R54 R57 R58 20 2 R4 R28 21 2 R5 R29 22 6 R6 R7 R8 R30 R31 R32 23 4 R9 R10 R33 R34 24 2 R13 R37 24 2 R14 R38 25 2 R15 R39 26 2 R16 R40 27 2 R17 R62 28 4 R18 R63 R65 R67 29 2 R21 R45 30 2 722 46 31 2 R23 R47 32 1 R24 33 4 R41 R61 R66 R68 34 2 42 4 35 1 R48 36 4 R49 R50 R55 R56 37 2 R59 R60 38 7 U1 U3 U5 U7 U9 U11 U15 39 2 U2 U8 40 4 U4 U10 U13 U14 4 2 U6 U12 42 2 VRI VR4 43 2 VR2 VR5 44 2 VR3 VR6 45 1 VR7 46 1 None 47 2 None 48 13 None 49 2 None 50 4 TP1 TP2 TP3 TP4 Filter Board Assembly 050 3100 Item Quan Reference Designators I 12 2 22 2 4 4 1 5 1 Model 2020 Pro Audio Processor C 1 C3 CG5 C7 C9 C10 C11 C12 C13 C15 C17 C16 C2 C4 C6 C8 C14 C16 C19 C20 021 022 239 21625 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 034 C35 C36 C37 C38 C39 DI 750pf MICA Cap Polypropylene Cap Polyester box 2 LS Cap Polyester Cap Monolithic Ceramic Z5U Cap Electrolytic Capacitor Diode Silicon Signal IN914B 15KHz Lowpass Filter Assy 3M P N 2510 5002 UG 3M P N 2520 5002 UG Relay DPDT 5 TQ2E 5V Inductor Transistor JFET N Chan J113 Transistor SI PNP 2N3906 Transistor SI NPN 2N3904 Resistor Tin Oxide Film Resistor Tin Oxide Film Resistor Tin Oxide Film Resistor Tin Oxide Film Resistor Tin Oxide Film Resistor
47. Tin Oxide Film Resistor Tin Oxide Film Resistor Tin Oxide Film Resistor Tin Oxide Film Resistor Tin Oxide Film Resistor Tin Oxide Film Resistor Tin Oxide Film Resistor Tin Oxide Film Resistor Tin Oxide Film Resistor Tin Oxide Film Resistor Tin Oxide Film Resistor Tin Oxide Film Resistor Tin Oxide Film Resistor Tin Oxide Film Resistor Tin Oxide Film Resistor Tin Oxide Film IC Op Amp Bipolar Dual 5532 Voltage Controlled Atten VCA 1001 IC Op Amp JFET Dual LF353 Comparator Bipolar Dual LM393 Trimpot PT10H Trimpot PT10H Trimpot PT10H Trimpot PT10H PC Board 100 Tested Heat Spreader for U4 amp U8 IC Socket 8 Pin IC Socket 18 Pin Test Point Description Cap Ceramic Disk NPO Cap Monolithic Ceramic NPO Cap Ceramic Disk NPO Cap Ceramic Disk Z5U Diode 1N4003 750pF OlmF A7mF JOmF ImF 100mF 157 7 87 10 200 3 1 56 2 4 99 442R 4K64 4K12 5M6 1 00 15 150 6K65 1 82 22 1 7K50 150R 4 53 20K0 2K00 SK IT 100 1 10 1 Value 100 470 4 0 10mF 16 0 Parts Lists 5 2 5 10 5 20 20 20 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Tol 5 5 5 20 160 0550 190 1380 190 1360 190 0840 235 0020 200 1300 220 0020 470 0040
48. U11 U12 None None None None oo ANNA B 00 BO Computer Board Assembly 050 3160 Item 1 92 bd tA 9 10 1 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 25 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 Model 2020 FM Pro Audio Processor Quan Reference Designators 2 1 2 1 C3 1 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C10 C11 12 13 14 15 16 17 ENCODER HI 2 3 4 5 6 H7 H H9 H10 HII 01 02 RI R2 R3 R4 R5 RNI UI U2 U3 U4 U5 U6 Note speed 150 nS U7 U8 U9 U10 UII U12 U13 U14 U15 U16 U17 U18 U19 U20 U21 U22 U24 U23 VRI Y1 None None None None None None None None 95 9 OW BN NO 16 0 Parts Lists Resistor Tin Oxide Film 1 82 Resistor Tin Oxide Film IKO Resistor Network SIP 10KC6 Resistor Network SIP 330C6 Resistor Network SIP 10KC10 ITW LM3915 LM3914 T4HCT04 PC Board 100 Tested Socket 20 pin X 0 3 Socket 18 pin Socket 14 pin Value Tol 22pF 5 0 047mF 5 100mF 20 0 1mF 20 Description Cap Mono Ceramic NPO 1 LS Cap Polyester 100uf Cap Monolithic Ceramic Z
49. analog versus digital Note Selection of analog or digital input is located in the Processing Input Output menu Model 2020 FM Pro Audio Processor 3 0 The User Interface 3 1 5 Digital In Optional Indicates 1f the audio input is set to digital versus analog Digital input is part of the digital audio option and is available only when the option is installed If the digital audio option is not installed this light stays dark and the Analog In light remains lit Note Selection of the analog or digital input is located in the Processing Input Output menu Part of the digital audio option is the Auto Source feature that will automatically switch from the digital input to the analog input if excessive errors are detected at the digital audio input In such a case the Analog In and Digital In lights will indicate which input has been automatically selected Note Enable disable of the Auto Source feature is located in the Processing AES Status menu 3 1 5 8 Data Present When the digital audio option is installed this LED shows if there is AES EBU data arriving at the digital audio input to the FM Pro If there are errors present in the AES EBU datastream the Data Present light will flash and as stated above when the Auto Source feature 1s selected the unit will automatically switch to the analog audio inputs As the datastream error condition rectifies itself the FM Pro will automatically switch back to th
50. applied to the action of the silence gate to prevent it from interfering with the action of the DVG The silence gate can be defeated when not needed 5 4 2 Dynamic Verification Gate DVG Like the silence gate this affects only the gain control system and audio is not being gated During program material the DVG inspects the instantaneous peaks and compares their amplitude with the recent historical average peak value Only during the brief times when the instantaneous peak exceeds the peak average is the leveler gain allowed to move In this manner the slewing Page 5 2 5 0 Detailed Audio Processing Description of leveling gain is converted to a series of small adjustments which take place at times in the audio envelope when the corrective gain changes will be less noticeable to the ear The DVG naturally serves as a short term silence gate because brief pauses in program cause it to gate the leveling However after about 1 1 2 seconds of silence the DVG releases control over gating By that time the silence gate will have detected silence and the leveler gain will be locked by the silence gate The DVG can be switched on and off as desired 5 4 3 Sticky Leveling Imagine a leveler that just decides to stick at a fixed gain until the input level changes more than a certain amount and that s the FM Pro s sticky leveler A sticky window in dB 15 set by the user and the leveler will not make corrections until the input level
51. as save and recall The up and down cursers generally move the menu pointer while the left and right cursors generally flip through multiple menu pages The Spin dial acts as an adjustment control to set menu values The Global Parameters A Processing Menu Input Output Menu pages 1 2 3 Input reference level Peak output level Unit bypass on off 20Hz High Pass Filter on off 16 5kHz Low Pass Filter on off Spectral Phase Refractor SPR on off Stereo Insert on off Input Source A or D Output A D or A amp D B Processing Menu Pre emphasis Limiter Menu Pre emphasis filter 50 or 75 microsecond De emphasis on off C Processing Menu Stereo Generator Menu pages 1 2 Pilot Mix percentage Pilot on off Input mode Stereo Mono L R or L R Mono Mode 90 or 100 D Processing Menu AES Status Transmit rate Slave 32 44 1 or 7 Model 2020 FM Pro Audio Processor All menus branch from the Main menu Each menu may have one or more sub menus The menu tree is so logical and easy to discover that within a few minutes you will be very comfortable with it Step Setting Up Globals Go to the process ing menu and by navigating through the submenus set up the Global Parameters to match your system s operating requirements The menus will state that a feature is unavail able if the associated option is not installed in the FM Pro Important Once the Globals are set save to the Global preset U01 by go
52. benefits of multiband compression Model 2020 FM Pro Audio Processor 6 0 Setting Up processing 6 8 Peak Limiting The limiter s master drive control may be consid ered to be a master gain control operating after the multiband compressor s 4 band output mix controls It sets the amount of mixed multiband compressor signal which will be pushed into the FM Pro s split band clipper The clip threshold 15 set to match your transmitter s 100 percent modula tion level The multiband compression threshold 15 coupled to the split band clipper in such a manner as to cause the compression threshold to vary as a function of clipping This allows you to get the most limiting possible within minimum distortion constraints As you increase the master drive level you cause a greater depth of multiband compres sion because the split band clipper is progressively instructing the compression threshold to decrease thus avoiding excess clipping causing more gain reduction The greater you increase the master drive the louder your signal will become At some point as you advance the master drive you must begin to accept more noticeable distortion to permit the loudness you demand This point occurs at approximately 4 8dB A good method for setting the Master Drive is to start at about OdB and try to increase it if the loudness is insufficient There is an optimum balance between limiter drive and compression for gathering loudness It is sometimes
53. better to highly compress and moderately limit This brings the most density and that wall of sound effect However for a more open effect that 1 still loud you should try lighter or slower compression and more limiting 6 9 Bass Enhancement Consistent strong bass 15 an essential part of a competitive air sound A good method for using the FM Pro s bass processing 15 to start with the Master Bass at 0dB and the Warm Bass and Sub Bass boosts at 0 Mix the multiband compression output as you like but do not use the B1 mix to get the full bass boost rather use it moderately like up to about 2 5dB only Go to the Warm Bass and increase it slowly until the overall bass takes on a slightly boosted feel Next go to the Sub Bass and increase it until you hear the lower bass come up noticeably This will probably occur at around 3096 boost Next go to the Master Bass and drop it slightly like about 1 to 2 dB Finally go back to the Warm and Sub Bass and adjust them for Page 6 4 the overall bass punch and resonance you are after Dropping the Master Bass has the effect of shelving down all frequencies below 200 2 and reducing the drive into the bass portion of the split band clipper This 15 beneficial because it allows you to equalize the Warm and Sub bass for a very good spectral balance while reducing the overall bass energy drive to the bass interactive clipper By optimally driving the bass interactive clipper you can opti
54. between webcasters it can be important to stand out on the dial You may want to design your sound to be something different from all the others and hopefully sound impressive to listeners Unfortunately CD s and talk played unprocessed and raw may sound great at the time they are recorded but usually sound low 1n level and unprofessional when broadcast over the internet media With good audio processing you can obtain a professional finish that listeners will appreciate leading to greater audience loyalty 18 3 Getting the Best Processing You could piece together a combination of various compressors limiters and equalizers in an effort to build a complete audio processing system This is seldom satisfactory since the equipment that is designed for general studio applications is not specialized for broadcast processing You will not be able to keep peaks under control without creat ing a great deal of sonic artifacts such as pumping and hole punching The Model 2020 melds many specially designed audio processing techniques including at least 11 that are patented exclusively Page 18 1 by Aphex into one unit The entire complex pro cessing chain works interactively and harmoni ously specifically avoiding all the sonic aberrations caused by conventional audio processors 18 4 Digital Versus Analog Processing The output media of web broadcasting is of a digital nature Because of that some people think it makes the mos
55. changes by more than that amount The window size can be set from zero to 6dB Usually it will be operated around 1 to 2dB Small changes in signal level will no longer be tracked by the leveler This has several benefits First the audio distortion caused by the leveler s control ripple will be eliminated for fairly steady signals Second The dynamics of the sound will be better preserved especially with a fast leveling rate A more open and punchy sound will result 5 4 4 Jump Ahead The attack and release of the leveler are intention ally quite slow If the leveler tracked a fade and the gain became relatively high for example 15dB then a sudden loud signal might hit clipping while the leveler takes its time to correct the gain A jump ahead circuit detects if the leveler s output has jumped out of bounds and rapidly attacks the leveler gain down to avoid any overload When the jump ahead correction brings the gain within 3 to 6 dB of the corrected level the jump ahead detector drops away and the leveler continues correcting normally The jump ahead feature is not user controllable and is always present 5 4 5 Attenuation Lock There may be times when you want to stop the leveler from reducing the gain more than a certain amount The attenuation limiter a user controllable feature can be set to stop the leveler s attenuation anywhere between 3dB and 15dB 5 4 6 Gain Lock Often it will be desired to set the leveler s gain
56. chassis ground To eliminate input ground loop hum the balanced input stage ground refer ences are coupled to pin 1 of the input Jacks For 14 0 Installation Instructions phasing problems 14 8 3 Main Output Wiring The balanced output impedance of 65 ohms is optimized for driving long cables and consequently an FM Pro can drive just about any kind of line bal anced or unbalanced of any length Unique servo balanced output circuitry automatically maintains the proper gain and level into a balanced or unbal anced output line For best ground loop rejection and RFI suppression using balanced lines do not connect the shield to the output ground rather connect it only to the ground pin 1 of the receiving end For unbalanced use tie pin 3 to pin 1 for the ground and connect pin 2 as hot Connect the shield to ground at both ends of the cable Main Analog I O Connections Female Input 1 GND Pin 2 Positive Pin 3 Negative Male Output 1 GND Pin 2 Positive Pin 3 Negative maximum RFI suppression and hum loop rejection using balanced lines you should connect the shield only at the input connector of the FM Pro and let it float at the sending end of the line Refer to Appendix A for detailed information For unbalanced use tie pin 3 to pin 1 for the ground and connect pin 2 as hot Connect the shield to ground at both ends of the cable Interfacing with Just as with the input wiring
57. explained 7 5 1 Factory Presets There are 8 factory presets comprising the memory locations 01 through P08 These are designed to complement a variety of generalized program formats and are named accordingly Perhaps not everyone will love the factory presets but they were developed in consultation with experienced broad casters to assure reasonable suitability Whether you like them or not you will find them an excel lent starting place to build your own presets Certain key parameters are not implanted in the factory presets and must be inherited from the global preset U01 This method allows the factory presets to generate their intended effects while adapting readily to the constants of your specific system The global parameters are discussed more fully in section 7 4 3 of this chapter 7 5 2 User Presets Model 2020 FM Pro Audio Processor 7 0 All About Presets There are 16 user presets comprising the memory locations U01 through U16 These presets are re writable by users having read write log in privi leges Unlike the factory presets PO1 through P08 user presets are independent of the global parameters of 001 1 presets U02 through U16 inherit nothing at all from preset 701 This allows you to re globalize your user presets if you wish For example you would need to create a user preset with different global settings if you wanted to switch inputs analog or digital as a day parting function Note Yo
58. f EIL pes 3O8NZM LH OMOT AST 2 ETY 40622 925 EDS Aod GN 1045 3 5 11 El SO3DTS gt 9 8 OMOT S NL 7 3n000T Sul 3X 7 pT 067 AS 022 Hnzz mam ze 807 mn AST E ero 9127 gota 1 Nl 1 j Ass 41 31 anep 4946 11 AOT 122 8T5 1 807 AST 4444 T i ag 3 18135 pa OOT T 40H 0550 OOHT Abz i 11 9M T T OORT HOLONGNI 0311605 390 6 333 2 13 JMdS 2 1 5 Nid 07 00 5 dow 908 3317114 ININ WOMJ 1 AS G AST u AST 1 MS ast 2 z sr OUT 4 ST v as SAST ELE EXERCI r N x x Ta TT8 dMB Z6 0 90 AJY 145 26 62 b0 2Z6 0T PO 3M M2 TZ te zza Page 15 3 Model 2020 FM Pro Audio Processor 15 0 Schematics 90 2 22 15ne6ng Ovvv 0 4aqunw lusun 3 odql zrs 1404 Z Z SH 0 lt 0202 0000 7011 SH31SAS X3HdU 91122 5 2 Hal b
59. function 12 06 PASSWORD MENU Edit Password View Password Log in Log out function 12 06 8 1 Why A Security System In most modern broadcast installations it is impor 8 2 Log in Access tant to prevent any unauthorized viewing or chang To pass from the logo screen to the main menu ing of the processing This protection is achieved in you must log in Pressing the enter or escape key the Model 2020 when the password security system at the logo screen will either prompt you to enter is enabled In applications which do not require this the password or tell you no password 18 required password security feature the password require depending upon whether any password has been ment can be disabled set up Note If no password is required then you will Model 2020 FM Pro Audio Processor Page 8 1 be notified by the screen and allowed to enter the main menu by again pressing the enter key If a password has been set then the password entry screen will be displayed and you will need to successfully enter the password in order to cain entry to the main menu 8 3 Logging Out 8 3 1 Manual Log Out After you finish adjusting the FM Pro you should log out to protect the FM Pro from tampering This is a simple procedure accessed through the main menu Password function Select Log Out and press enter The logo screen will appear indicating you re now logged out 8 3 2 Auto Lock Out The FM Pr
60. generator This filter works on both the analog and digital audio inputs Note Control of the 20Hz Highpass Filter is located in the Processing Input output menu 3 1 5 3 75 uSec Indicator This light tells if the pre emphasis option is set to 75 microseconds It remains dark if the pre emphasis is set to 50 microseconds or 1 the pre emphasis limiter option is not installed Note This light responds to the pre emphasis selection chosen in the Processing Pre emp Limiter menu 3 1 5 4 SPR Spectral Phase Refractor SPR is another member of the input pre processing group of filters The SPR filter contains a flat frequency response but introduces a frequency dependent phase rotation into the audio path for the purpose of increasing the subjective clarity of the audio A further effect of SPR is to improve voice waveform symmetry as an aid to the limiter This filter works on both the analog and digital audio inputs Note Control of the SPR filter is located in the Processing Input Output menu 3 1 5 5 HF Limiter This is another name for the Pre emphasis Limiter which 15 an optional processing module The light is continuously dark if the option is not installed If the option is installed then the LED indicates whether the Pre emphasis Limiter is switched on or off Note Control of the HF Limiter is located in the Processing Pre emp Limiter menu 3 1 5 6 Analog In This LED lights if the audio input is set to
61. in the FM Pro you will be shown a dialog box requiring the password to be entered Once the password is correctly entered you ll be able to continue 11 6 1 A Note On Day Parting If day parting by the FM Pro 15 currently in effect at the time you are logging into the remote link you will get the dialog box of figure 11 7 This box allows you to decide if you want to turn off the day parting leave it on while you work or put it at rest When at rest the day parting 1 temporarily shut off while you are connected but automatically turns back on when you disconnect the remote link id Mince EEUU 111 Partie Fertiaq Hos Figure 11 7 Day Parting Dialog Box 11 7 Modem Linking Follow the same procedures as 11 6 above but select Modem instead of Port Direct A dialog box will open up indicating the modem is being initialized When the modem initializes you will be then be given an input box to enter the telephone number which must be dialed While the number is being dialed you can abort by pressing cancel on the dialing message box If a password is in effect you will be asked to enter the log in password Note You must set the remote link status on the FM Pro to MODEM not direct to allow modem linking To avoid trouble please read the information about modem hook ups included later in this section Mode
62. on off the limiter hardness and the pre emphasis de emphasis options To adjust these parameters place the pointer adjacent to the item then use the Spin dial to set the value 4 5 3 2 2 Stereo Generator Menu If the PPDM Stereo Generator option is not installed in the FM Pro then this menu will not be available If the option Is installed two pages give control over the stereo generator functions Page one gives control over the pilot signal on off and injection Page two gives control over the mono stereo modes and the mono modulation reference of 9096 or 100 To adjust these parameters place the pointer adjacent to the item then use the Spin dial to set the value 4 5 3 2 3 AES Status Menu Digital input and outputs are available as an option in the FM Pro If this option is not installed the AES Status menu will not be available If the option is installed then a single page gives control over the output sample rate and the auto switch feature The input data rate and error condition are also reported on this screen To adjust parameters place Page 4 4 the pointer adjacent to the item then use the Spin dial to set the value 4 5 3 2 4 More or Less Menu For a quick adjustment of the on air loudness enter the More or Less menu and use the Spin dial to increase or decrease the FM Pro s processing density This control simultaneously adjusts a number of parameters in the processor and when any processing limit is
63. reached the More or Less control stops any further adjustments 4 5 4 Remote Link The FM Pro has remote control capabilities via factory provided software From the Remote Link menu the user has the ability to turn the remote link on or off specify the type of connection either modem or RS 232 direct and observe the status of the remote link 4 6 Main Menu Page 2 of 2 As previously stated the Main Menu consists of two pages containing 8 selections F1 through 8 that lead you to all other menus Selecting through F8 opens the associated menu by pressing enter The second page of the Main Menu contains these selections which are described below MAIN MENU 2 2 F5 Set time F6 Display mode F7 Unit options F8 Unit Info 4 6 1 Set Unit Time Menu Upon entering this menu the FM Pro s internal clock and calendar will be displayed You can set both the clock and calendar from this page To change settings use all four arrow keys to place the pointer next to the item and use the Spin dial to set the value 4 6 2 Display Mode Menu This menu controls the Lock Out time and the Auto Save feature To set these items place the pointer next to the item and use the Spin dial to set the value 4 6 3 Options Page This page displays 1f the Stereo Generator HF Limiter and AES EBU options are currently installed in the FM pro There are no controls in Model 2020 FM Pro Audio Processor 4 0 Navigating The
64. recover the old preset you are attempting to overwrite If no press Escape and you will be brought back to the Save Preset Menu If yes press the Enter key and your preset will be saved along with the new name If you do not change the name only the date on which you have made changes will be updated 7 6 4 Day Parting F4 From the Parting Menu you can choose Edit Parting or View Parting as well as Parting Status on off In order to build Weekly parting Daily parting must be built first Note At this time you might as well check and set the system clock calendar This is done from the Main Menu F5 Real Time Clock You ll avoid a lot of confusion by having the correct time and date in the system Action From the Parting menu turn parting off For the present until your day parting schedule is ready turn off the day parting Cursor to the Parting Status position and use the Spin Dial to turn the parting off Action Choose Daily Edit After choosing Daily edit the next screen will be Parting Sets There are eight separate parting sets S1 through 58 listed in two pages Action Choose a parting set to edit Select one of the sets 1 51 and press Enter That will take you to the next screen which 15 labeled Daily Events for the set you have chosen Action Edit the parting set Each set contains up to four changes events for a 24 hour period Sele
65. the process ing parameters and how to set them up 4 5 3 1 1 Input Output Menu This menu contains 3 pages Page one gives control over the input and output levels and the hardwire I O bypass Page two gives control over the three input processing filters and the stereo insert loop Page three gives control over the input and output source selection and the headphone monitor volume Use the up and down arrow keys to select a function and use the Spin dial to set the value 4 5 3 1 2 Leveler Gate Menu This menu has three pages Page one gives control over the leveling rate the maximum gain and maximum attenuation settings Page two gives control over the DVG and the Sticky Leveler func tion Page three gives control over the Silence Gate function Use the up and down arrow keys to select a function and use the Spin dial to set the value 4 5 3 1 3 Multiband Compressor Menu The Multiband Compressor menu has a total of five pages the first of which allows the user to set the crossover frequencies for the 4 band compres sor To adjust crossovers set the pointer to the desired crossover and use the Spin dial to set the frequency Page two lets you set the multiband compression drive Simply use the Spin dial to set the value Page three gives control over the release times of each of the four bands of the compressor To adjust release times place the pointer adjacent to the band you want to adjust then use the Spin dial to s
66. unbalanced outputs can sometimes be improved using a pseudo bal anced connection For a complete tutorial on bal anced and unbalanced interfacing to other equip ment please refer to Appendix A of this manual 14 8 4 Insert Loop I O Connections The insert loop utilizes 3 pin XLR jacks It is expected that equipment connected to this loop Insert Loop I O Connectors Female Input Pin 1 GND Pin 2 Hot Pin 3 GND Male Output Pin 1 GND Pin 2 Hot Pin 3 GND unbalanced sources can sometimes be improved with a pseudo balanced connection For a complete tutorial on balanced and unbalanced interfacing to other equipment please refer to Appendix A of this manual Whether using balanced or unbalanced wiring be sure to follow the same pin connection scheme for both channels of the input wiring to avoid audio Model 2020 FM Pro Audio Processor will be located within a very short distance of the FM Pro probably mounted only a few rack spaces away so the insert loop I O operates in the unbalanced mode 14 9 Digital Audio I O The digital audio I O utilizes standard 3 pin XLR Page 14 2 14 0 Installation Instructions connectors as specified by the professional AES EBU standards Complete details about connecting and using the digital audio interface are available in section 9 Using Digital Audio of this manual AES EBU Connector Wiring Female Input Male Output 1 GND 1 GND Pin 2
67. with very acceptable levels of degradation Remember the louder or more dense the signal becomes the more potential for distortion If loudness 18 desired there are two ways to get it limit and clip or compress hard Combining the two in this processor allows the user the ability to keep the audio as clean as possible yet increase density To further avoid artifacts that will be most noticeable on simple voice material when processing aggressively place the multiband crossover points at frequencies that allow the voices to fall in to one band of the compressor almost exclusively These suggestions will allow the user to increase loudness by driving the compressor and limiter harder with fewer apparent artifacts The less distortion and apparent loudness the more open and clean a station will appear to sound No matter the system this processing tradeoff 18 always present The FM Pro has a great many tools that allow the user to increase loudness and density yet retain brightness in the high frequencies and dimension in the low end Unlike other processors the processing systems in the FM Pro are very interactive The input signal from one section 18 very dependent upon the output from the preceding section One of the keys to running the processor aggressively with success lies in understanding what the various sections of the device are doing and how they are interacting with each other as the audio 18 passed through Like any
68. 0 490 0650 290 0620 290 0600 530 0260 500 0260 500 0180 480 0660 070 2207 120 1005 120 1004 120 4994 120 2006 120 5622 120 2494 070 5607 120 6815 120 1006 120 4225 120 4025 120 2493 Page 16 5 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 W N CON RN DD WN WR WN WOR LE LE R36 R37 R38 R40 R42 R43 R44 R46 R48 R49 R50 R51 R52 R53 R54 R59 R61 R62 R63 R64 RN1 RN2 RN3 RN4 RN5 RN6 RN7 ULUS UIS U2 U3 U4 U7 05 06 U9 U10 U12 UII U13 U14 U16 U17 VR1 VR3 VR2 VR4 None None None None None None Limiter Bass Proc Board Assembly 050 2900 Quan Reference Designators Item N 1 OS L 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 Model 2020 Pro Audio Processor I NA N NRK WN 1 C2 C5 C6 C7 C8 C10 C11 C3 C4 C9 C13 C31 C14 C25 C15 CIGCITCIS CoDCOT 00 9000059 C24 C26 C29 C30 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 D10 D11 HLH2 H3 H4 LDI LD2 Q1 Q2 R1 R3 R64 R74 R2 R14 R15 R16 R17 R23 Resistor Tin Oxide Film 7K68 Resistor Tin Oxide Film 1K58 Resistor Tin Oxide Film 10K2 Resis
69. 0 120 1007 140 0600 490 0500 490 0300 490 0140 490 0760 465 0220 420 0980 770 4260 310 0220 310 0020 Aphex P N 190 1640 190 1700 160 0550 160 0160 160 0060 190 1360 225 0020 200 0040 160 0100 235 0160 190 1500 230 0280 235 0020 Page 16 8 14 15 16 17 18 Oe 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 P Q Q OO 29 30 31 35 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 NO NR NY OB DR OQ bD LS NN C55 C56 C58 C60 C62 C64 65 66 41 42 43 44 57 59 61 63 50 52 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 H1 H2 11 12 13 QI 02 07 08 03 04 05 06 R2 R6 R12 R16 R3 R5 R13 R15 R4 R7 R9 R14 R17 R19 R27 R28 R33 R34 R8 R18 R10 R20 R11 R21 R22 R23 R29 R24 R30 R66 R25 R31 R26 R32 R35 R36 R37 R38 R39 R40 R41 R42 R43 R45 R47 R51 R54 R55 R44 R46 R48 R49 R50 R52 R64 R65 R53 R56 R57 R58 R59 R60 R61 R62 R63 R67 R68 RN1 RN2 Ul U2 U3 U5 U6 U7 U11 04 08 U9 U10 U12 U13 U14 U15 VC1 VC2 VC3 VR1 VR2 VR3 VR4 Y YA Y3 None None None None None None None Pre emphasis Limiter Assembly 050 3180 Item Quan Reference Designator
70. 05 120 2494 120 1502 120 1501 120 2493 140 1480 480 1760 480 1820 480 1020 480 1840 480 1860 480 0440 480 1780 480 0980 480 0920 480 0950 480 1080 480 1050 480 1800 480 1040 480 1070 480 1880 480 0200 420 0240 440 0120 770 4020 310 0020 310 0040 310 0060 310 0220 310 3060 310 1480 310 1300 Page 16 12 16 0 Parts Lists 49 1 H12 Header 3 pin RA 310 0440 50 I None Jumper shorting 840 1080 BNC Filter Assembly 050 3220 Item Quan Reference Designators Description Value Tol Aphex P N 1 2 1 2 Capacitor Ceramic Disk 47pF 5 230 0040 2 1 FLI Filter TDK P N ZJY51R5 2P 360 0120 3 1 J1 BNC Jack 310 0 4 1 RI Resistor Tin Oxide Film 100R 1 120 1003 5 I VRI Trim 70Y See Note 1 IK 18 420 0930 6 1 None PC Board 100 Tested 770 4360 PPDM Stereo Generator Board Assembly 050 3340 Item Quan Reference Designators Description Value Tol Aphex P N 1 1 75pF 75pF 5 160 0200 2 1 C10 47pF 47pF 5 160 0100 3 1 C2 Cap Tant 35V luF 220 0020 4 1 C3 Cap Polyester 0 3 L S 0 101 190 0840 5 1 C4 Cap Polyester 0 3 L S 1500pF 5 190 0080 6 4 5 6 7 8 Mica 50 5 160 0420 7 3 C9 C20 C23 Cap Mica 5 160 0320 8 2 C19 C22 Cap Mica 10pF 5 160 0020 9 2 C21 C24 Cap Electrolytic Non polar 35V 22uF 225 0020 10 22 C25 C26 C27 C28 C29 C30 Cap Ceramic Z5U Monolithic O luF 20 235 0020 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 47 48 49 11 15 D1 D
71. 06 ENTER NAME Name lobals Clr Save DCDEFGHIJKLMNOPORSTU VWXYZabcdefghijklmnop qrstuvwxyz0123456789 NEW PRESET Name Globals Date Jan 15 1997 User Not defined Verify No Yes 12 06 Note When the unit wakes up for the first time Factory Preset 1 P01 is loaded into all the user presets U01 through 016 7 6 3 Saving A Preset and making the global preset In order to kill two birds with one stone we ll show how to make and save the global preset This will help you get your FM Pro initialized while at the same time teaching you the procedures used to save any other preset Figure 7 1 Presets Menu Tree PARTING MENU Edit parting View parting Parting status Enter function EDIT PARTING Daily edit Weekly edit Enter function PARTING SETS EDIT WEEKLY SETS 251 Parting set 1 S2 Parting set 2 S3 Parting set 3 54 Parting set 4 NuMo Tu We Th Fr Sa gt MS1 S1 S1 S1 S1 S1 Select set 12 06 Enter value DAILY EVENT SET 1 2F1 01 01 AM P02 01 01 P03 01 01 P04 01 01 AM P05 Enter function 12 06 Action Recall a starting preset Once you set up the global parameters you are ready to start building your own presets Choose any factory preset which you think may be close to the sound you want to achieve Modify that preset through the Processing Menu if you wish
72. 1 RN2 RN3 RN4 U1 U2 U3 U4 U5 U6 VRI None None Assembly 050 3080 Item Quan Reference Designators 1 4 C1 C3 C5 C7 2 4 2 4 6 8 3 28 9 10 011 2 13 014 C15 C16 C17 C18 C19 C20 C21 C22 C23 C24 C25 C26 621625 29 30 691032 C33 C34 C35 C36 4 8 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 5 2 C37 C38 6 1 C47 7 5 H1 H2 H3 H4 H5 8 8 R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 9 2 RN1 RN2 10 16 U1 U3 U5 U7 U9 U11 U13 U15 U17 U19 U21 U23 U25 U27 U29 U31 11 1 U2 12 15 U4 U8 U10 U12 U14 U16 U18 U20 U22 U24 U26 U28 U30 U32 U34 13 1 U6 14 1 U35 15 4 VR1 VR2 VR3 VR4 16 1 None 17 16 None 18 17 None Digital Audio Board Assembly 050 3300 Item Quan Reference Designators O LD VD Q Nee Model 2020 FM Pro Audio Processor 1 L Q CI 4 5 10 11 8 14 C9 C15 C16 C20 C21 C25 C26 C17 C1S C22 C25 C27 C28 C29 C19 C24 C30 C31 C32 C33 C34 C35 C36 C37 C38 C39 C40 C45 C46 C47 C48 C49 C51 C53 C54 Resistor Tin Oxide Film Resistor Tin Oxide Film Resistor Tin Oxide Film Resistor Tin Oxide Film Resistor Tin Oxide Film Resistor Carbon Film Resistor Tin Oxide Film Resistor Tin Oxide Film Resistor Tin Oxide Film Resistor Network 6 Pin Isolated IC Op Amp JFET Quad LF347 Trimpot PT10H PC Board 100 Tested IC Socket 14 Pin Description Cap Mica
73. 1603 00106 9O6 NZ 8 THOS 5 5 9 TZa4 2 gt 8 DbNY bra 67 ovra MOOT 87 va gt 25847 aen 51 Page 15 13 Model 2020 FM Pro Audio Processor 15 0 Schematics 2063838110 YOA HOSS3HdMWMOD HOSS3OOHd Wd 13 1 917 SH31SAS X3HdY 22 Ada NDOT SO 2 7 x U r TED 622 222 bos er 65414 D sT sT st 2 gt 5 RANE 5 14 D NIHU D gt NIM NI1 YZNA ST b n E Se 931 ous 66 Ory Surz St 25 7 aan ese en 1no1 EEN E 5 6 VEN sal gn l SZ DOZ 2 11 001 YOT dOZ SYA 3402 ST BHTNM 82 929 ce ST TO 3011 5 96 50 90 N3QOIJ 9 S6eZbTZ ZT Q t1noN 10H 21004 T 04 t 1001 1001 21001 T 1101 gt NIJ Page 15 14 Model 2020 FM Pro Audio Processor 15 0 Schematics 25 110639810 YDA NOSS34dWO2 NOSS320Md Wd 2 2 7411 5031545 49 22 ST d vinou pr 66 t 4 66 lt 2141 85 L6M 4402 883 245 5812 644 s
74. 2 inaino 2 e 7 asd 612 ATZ TZ Z SS3N 17939 ZESS3N 3 abn ven a ozo 22 vT trlo 879 oo ont any 825 925 bz 225 522 5490 5509 89 dWUdo AN NND NM x ui 2071 007 ATZ STD 1T HT ZESSINt 22553 kia HA ven azn 3 8 400 Atz NH EN 11 slo 2 enr 5 554 390007 4 390089 Su T2 62 6 57 2 3H TE B2 9 ABH T6 61 9 H2983383M 11052 3189165 09 HwW8T Z 0T1 SN O H38H N 1494 5401004 1 719 310N N35 340051 330089 Atz gt T 11 532 28553 SYA 1 aen ten HUST M 7 2 OTH eM or f BH snr LM 231 4900 anto 29 ATZ gt T LT SHZ ZEN urn HweT THA x 9 390007 LNANI tl 330055 enr ida anqo 2 gu b gt TA Page 15 2 Model 2020 FM Pro Audio Processor 15 0 Schematics Obbb 411 SH315AS 4 Otbt O22 Ada TTQ 0 8 05791507 S3313I123 300 10 0 ASE OJIN o IA Ab 334 1531 Td ZOOtENT 0540205340 6 x6t 0 Or T OdN
75. 2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 Diode 1N914B 470 0040 D9 D10 D12 D13 D14 D15 D18 12 1 HI Cable Assembly 4 030 4100 13 1 H2 Header 4 pin 1 spacing 310 1040 14 3 3 4 5 Header 2 pin 0 1 spacing 310 0760 15 1 KI Relay Aromat TQ2E 12V 630 0100 16 1 QI Transistor SI NPN 2N3904 500 0260 17 1 RI Resistor Tin Oxide Film 2M2 1 070 2207 18 6 R2 R11 R37 R38 R39 R40 Resistor Tin Oxide Film 100K 1 120 1006 19 1 R3 Resistor Tin Oxide Film 10 1 120 1005 20 1 R4 Resistor Tin Oxide Film 15K0 1 120 1505 21 1 R7 Resistor Tin Oxide Film 270R 1 070 2703 22 2 R8 R12 Resistor Tin Oxide Film 1K00 1 120 1004 23 4 RNSC RNSD RN6C RN6D Resistor Tin Oxide Film 10 1 120 1005 Stand up on RNET pattern 24 1 R14 Resistor Tin Oxide Film 10 1 120 1002 25 7 R9 R10 R31 R32 R33 R34 Resistor Tin Oxide Film 10 1 120 1005 R47 26 2 R35 R36 Resistor Tin Oxide Film 22 1 1 120 2215 27 1 R41 Resistor Tin Oxide Film 150K 1 120 1506 28 1 R42 Resistor Tin Oxide Film 49K9 1 120 4995 29 2 R43 R44 Resistor Tin Oxide Film 1 10 1 120 1104 30 1 745 Resistor Tin Oxide Film 2K49 1 120 2494 31 1 R46 Resistor Tin Oxide Film 332R 1 120 3323 32 2 RNI RNS Resistor network 4 pin common 10K 2 140 1400 33 1 RN3 Resistor network 8 pin isolated 3K3 2 140 1040 34 1 4 Resistor network 6 10 2 140 0600 35 4 RNSA RNSB RN6A RN6B Resistor Tin Oxide Film 47K5 1 120 475
76. 20 9093 30 1 R22 Resistor Tin Oxide Film 9K09 1 120 9094 31 3 R26 R27 R28 Resistor Tin Oxide Film 2K49 1 120 2494 32 1 32 45 Resistor Tin Oxide Film 1M00 1 120 1007 33 4 R37 R39 R54 R69 Resistor Tin Oxide Film 1K00 1 120 1004 34 1 R42 Resistor Tin Oxide Film 20 0 1 120 2005 35 1 R44 Resistor Tin Oxide Film 150K 1 120 1506 36 1 R46 Resistor Tin Oxide Film 249K 1 120 2496 37 1 R55 Resistor Tin Oxide Film 2K00 1 120 2004 38 2 R56 R57 Resistor Tin Oxide Film 21R5 1 120 2152 39 1 R59 Resistor Tin Oxide Film 7K50 1 120 7504 40 1 R63 Resistor Tin Oxide Film 750K 1 120 7506 41 3 R65 R66 R75 Resistor Tin Oxide Film 10 0 1 120 1008 42 1 R67 Resistor Tin Oxide Film 4K53 1 120 4534 43 3 R70 R71 R72 Resistor Tin Oxide Film 3K32 1 120 3324 22 1 R73 56R2 1 120 5622 23 1 R76 30K1 1 120 3015 24 4 RN1 RN2 RN3 RN4 Resistor network 16 pin Iso DIP 10 116 1 4 140 1500 25 2 7 6 Resistor Network 8 Pin Isolated 10K 2 140 0120 26 7 U1 U3 U4 U5 U6 U7 U12 IC Op Amp JFET Quad LF347 490 0460 27 2 02 08 Dual LF353 490 0140 28 1 U9 IC Comparator Quad LM339 480 0080 29 1 U10 IC Comparator Dual LM393 LM393 480 0240 30 1 011 IC Attenuator 1001 480 0900 31 1 VRI Trimpot PT10H 20 1 420 0960 32 1 VR2 Trimpot PT10H 420 0200 33 1 Board 100 Tested Rev 770 4220 34 1 None Heat Spreader for VCA 040 0040 35 3 None IC Soc
77. 24 Pin X 0 3 Socket IC 8 pin Socket IC 14 pin Socket IC 16 pin Socket IC 20 pin 0 3 wide Socket IC 28 pin 0 6 wide Description 20pf MICA ImF 100mF 100mF 220mH 1K00 14K 7 31 6 4K99 6M8 17 4 150 2 24K9 10 2K00 2185 39R2 100K 1 00 499 2 49 2 00 SIR 7K50 100R 49R9 200R 4R7 200R 7 35pF 10K Value 20pF 16 0 Parts Lists 5 20 20 1 1 1 1 5 1 1 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 Tol 5 190 1680 230 0020 200 0240 200 1300 470 0780 290 0600 360 0080 500 0560 500 0180 500 0580 500 0260 120 1004 120 1475 120 3165 120 4994 070 6807 120 1745 120 1503 070 2701 120 2495 120 1005 120 2004 120 2152 120 3922 120 1006 120 1007 120 4996 120 2494 070 2007 100 5102 120 7504 120 1003 120 4992 120 2003 070 4701 140 0840 490 0740 490 0780 490 0300 490 0140 490 0800 490 0720 480 2000 480 1960 480 1980 480 2020 170 0040 420 0240 440 0140 440 0160 440 0180 770 4300 310 3220 310 0020 310 0040 310 0060 310 0220 310 1480 Aphex P N 160 0060 Page 16 9 12 13 14 17 19 2 2 4 15 3 4 C5 C16 C34 C35 4 2 C7 C18 5 2 C10 C20 6 8 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 7 2 29 30 8 1 C31 9 8 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 10 2 FILTER1 FILTER2 11 1 HI 12 1 12 13 2 1 2 14 2 11 12 15 2
78. 3 Power up the FM Pro and the modem 4 n the remote link menu set the remote link OFF then set the link type to modem You can only set the link type when the remote link 1s off Lastly set the remote link to ON The link status should first show wait and then indicating that the modem is initialized The FM pro will force the correct modem settings regardless of how the dip switches may be set on the modem Page 11 2 Note Do Not set the Remote Link ON if the modem is not connected This will cause the FM pro to lock up it s front panel for about 20 seconds The FM pro will continuously check if the modem is still connected In case of power interruptions the FM Pro will automatically recover itself and re initialize the modem 11 4 4 Troubleshooting The Modem If you have problems connecting to the modem here 1s an easy way to check if the units are communicating properly 1 Power off the modem 2 Turn off the modem s auto answer feature using the modem s dip switches or jumpers If using a US Robotics modem flip switch 5 DOWN to set auto answer off 3 Set remote link OFF and link type to modem 4 Power on the modem The AA auto answer light must be off 5 Set remote link ON and watch the modem s AA light When you turn the remote link on the AA light must come on If the light comes on that proves the FM Pro is commanding the modem and
79. 42 D43 D44 D45 D46 D47 D48 2 5 1 15 2 15 3 15 4 15 5 ISO6 ISO7 Q1 Q2 03 04 05 06 07 Q8 R1 R9 R17 R25 R33 R41 R49 R57 R2 R10 R18 R26 R34 R42 R50 R58 R3 RIL RI9 R27 R35 R43 R51 R59 R4 R12 R20 R28 R36 R44 R52 R60 R5 R13 R6 R14 R21 R22 R29 R30 R37 R38 R45 R46 R53 R54 R61 R62 R65 R66 R67 R68 R69 R70 R71 R72 R7 R15 R23 R31 R39 R47 R55 R63 RS R16 R24 R32 RA0 RAS R56 R64 RNI RN5 RN2 RN6 RN3 RN7 RN4 RN8 9 RNII 10 U1 U5 U2 U6 U3 U7 U4 U8 U9 U10 U11 U12 None None None Resistor Tin Oxide Film Resistor Tin Oxide Film Resistor Tin Oxide Film Resistor Network 8 Pin Isolated IC Op Amp Quad JFET LF347 IC Dac Mult Dual MP7528JN IC Op Amp Dual JFET LF353 PC Board 100 Tested IC Socket 20 Pin IC Socket 14 Pin IC Socket 8 Pin Cap Elec NP Description Cap Tant Cap Tant Cap Monolithic Ceramic Z5U Diode Silicon Signal 1 914 Connector male 2520RA Optocoupler Dual Quality Tech P N MCT9001 Transistor SI PNP 2N3906 Resistor Tin Oxide Film Resistor Tin Oxide Film Resistor Tin Oxide Film Resistor Tin Oxide Film Resistor Tin Oxide Film Resistor Tin Oxide Film Resistor Tin Oxide Film Resistor Tin Oxide Film Resistor Network 8 Pin Isolated Resistor Network Resistor Network IC Quad Op Amp JFET LF347 IC CMOS Quad Ana Sw CD4016 PC Board 100 Tested IC Socket 8 Pin IC Socket 14 Pin 2K87 2K49 2K67 10K 22mF Value
80. 5 Stand up on RNET pattern 36 1 UI IC CMOS Quad And 74 00 480 1120 37 1 U2 IC CMOS Ripple Counter 74 404 480 1160 38 1 U3 2764 EPROM w pilot software 480 0160B 39 1 U4 2764 EPROM w PPDM software 480 0160A 40 3 U5 U6 U7 74HCT374 480 1040 41 5 U8 U9 U10 U11 U12 IC Maxim AD7524JN 480 0520 42 2 U13 U14 IC amp bipolar dual 0812 560 0090 43 1 U15 IC op amp bipolar dual NE5532 490 0300 44 I U16 IC op amp bipolar AD829JN 490 0080 Model 2020 FM Pro Audio Processor Page 16 13 45 1 017 46 4 U18 U25 U28 U30 47 1 1722 48 4 U23 U24 U26 U27 49 1 VCI 50 1 VRI 51 1 VR2 52 4 VR3 VR4 VR5 VR6 53 1 54 1 None 55 2 None 56 9 None 57 3 None 58 6 None 59 6 None Master Assembly Assembly 020 3000 Item Quan Ref Des 1 1 None 2 1 None 3 1 None 4 1 None 5 4 None 6 4 None 7 1 None 8 1 None 9 2 None 10 1 None 11 1 12 1 13 1 None 14 2 None 15 6 None 16 3 None 17 1 None 18 5 None 19 2 None 20 4 None 21 4 None 21 6 None 22 1 None 23 1 None 24 1 None 25 2 None 26 2 None 27 5 None 28 1 None 29 4 None 30 6 None 31 1 None IC Analog Buffer LM6321N IC op amp bi fet dual LF353 IC Inverter hex CMOS 4069 IC analog switch quad 4016 Variable Capacitor trimmer 7 35pF Trimpot 10 Trimpot PT10V 10K 1T Trimpot Multi Turn Top Adj 10K 10T Crystal quartz 4 864 MHz PC Board 100 tested Socket IC 28 pin 0 6 wide Socke
81. 5U HP P N HRPG AD32 14R Socket 12 Make from 310 0400 Socket 10 Make from 310 0400 Socket 18 Make from 310 0400 RIBBON 50 Assembly RIBBON 16 Assembly RIBBON 10 Assembly RIBBON20 Assembly MOLEX9M Socket 3 Make from 310 0400 Transistor PNP Silicon 2N3906 Resistor Tin Oxide Film 10 Resistor Tin Oxide Film 2K49 Resistor Tin Oxide Film 15RO Resistor Tin Oxide Film I R50 Resistor Tin Oxide Film 249R Resistor network 470RI6 IC Watchdog Dallas DS1232 IC mP Philips P80C31EBPN IC CMOS 74HCT373 IC EPROM 27C256 IC EPROM FLASH 29C256 IC CMOS SRAM 6264 IC RTC Dallas Semi DS12887 IC CMOS 74HCT138 IC CMOS 74HCT02 IC CMOS 74HCT08 IC CMOS 74HCT32 IC CMOS 74HCT393 IC Bipolar SP232CP Sipex IC CMOS 74HCT374 IC CMOS 74HCT244 IC A D National ADC0817CCN IC Bipolar Timer LM555 Trimpot PT1H 10 1 Crystal 1049 7 is PC Board 100 Tested IC Socket 8 pin IC Socket 14 pin IC Socket 16 pin IC Socket 20 pin IC Socket 28 pin X 3 spacing IC Socket 28 pin X 6 spacing IC Socket 40 pin 1 1 1 1 1 2 120 1824 120 1004 140 0600 140 0140 140 0260 250 0520 480 0600 480 0360 480 0940 770 4000 310 3200 310 0080 310 0040 Aphex P N 230 0540 190 1640 200 0260 235 0020 250 0700 310 3100 310 3100 310 3100 030 4200 030 4180 030 4100 030 4120 310 0680 310 0400 500 0180 120 10
82. 9 ZS 244 zess TSU zess Sen 1531 5418 1 TNI TTH ET 17 001 a ed 25 ITZNT pom b EMA Le T2Z 0 025 BE 23 ee Yt zo 26 9T TO 96 50 21 96 20 80 967 0 967 6760 0252 2852 1194 N3Q11 08 IM 1 09911 8 3 8 30 088 IM 15 25 Model 2020 Pro Audio Processor 15 0 Schematics H2S waqun NOTI 2195934 1 21 Puas 7 AJILON OT 3r ST uans s CN mu 4 DZZ OO T T4 6M uUaniag 749 96 72 90 96 0 90 dAa q gt GAG NAMM NOST 92 lt 59026 sz4 TE 4 1 2 p d M 1 0 973 5 BI Li e 5 89 53 gt 2 1 N 390246 439020 To I 228 lt D 0 22 OONT 91 87 CH UI D uen gt YOST 6 gt OTO 22 4 63 EE 4 E er d 82 gt to 2 4nOZZ 1 ZW X oe gum son 1 n pes Po 52 lt hs
83. 9 R90 R91 R92 RNI RN2 RN3 U1 U2 U5 U6 U9 U10 U13 U14 U4 U8 U12 U16 1017 USUTZUILUIS VRI VR3 VR5 VR7 VR9 VRII VRI3 VRI5 VR2 VR4 VR6 VR8 VR10 VR12 VR14 VR16 None None None None None Input Conditioner Board Assembly 050 3020 Item Quan Reference Designators I 2 10 11 4 9 10 heen 1 2 5 6 C3 C4 C7 C8 C22 C26 C24 C28 C9 C10 C15 C16 C17 0093 C11 C12 C13 C14 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 0527 C29 C32 033 034 C35 C36 D1 D2 D3 D4 HI H2 K1 K2 K3 K4 Model 2020 FM Pro Audio Processor Description Cap Mica Cap Polyester Cap Mica Cap Monolithic Ceramic Z5U Connector male 2520RA Connector male 2510RA Resistor Tin Oxide Film Resistor Tin Oxide Film Resistor Tin Oxide Film Resistor Tin Oxide Film Resistor Carbon Film Resistor Tin Oxide Film Resistor Tin Oxide Film Resistor Network 8 Pin Isolated Resistor Network 8 Pin Isolated IC VC Attenuator VCA1001 IC Op Amp Dual JFET LF353 IC Op Amp Dual Bipolar AD826 IC Op Amp Dual Bipolar 5532 Trimpot PT10H Trimpot PT10H PC Board 100 Tested IC Socket 18 Pin IC Socket 8 Pin Heat Spreader TP 1 TP2 TP4 TPS TP6 TP7 TP8 TP9 TP10 TP12 Description Cap Polyester Cap Mica Cap Polypropylene Cap Polyester Cap Monolithic Ceramic Z5U Cap Polypropylene Cap Elect NP Music Diode Silicon Signal 1N914B
84. 9IMOT bed Y NM 5 a 29 00 17 212 2TH ZN esea zess c sen 25 OTdl gen 07 DA T 89 7 22 OWS sta 171074 662 256 E 0 gt 7 9 ETY Sys 177907 454 30 95 TMA 2 NN ZWZ TM lt gt D NI5Su 7 5 gt NI5S3 86 7 OTNM QTNM HOT sa UTNM DONT 3 zy is ST 25 SAOT TO a eaoooanmnauoao Page 15 18 Model 2020 FM Pro Audio Processor 15 0 Schematics 26 20 90 1194 H2S 8944 2670 HIIUJ a d 267670 H1I93 7 NIUHO3dIS 4313431 5305532043 WS 26 19 Hou iM 31 967 607 1194 7 96720730 370 Q11 SH31SAS XIHdY 26 02 20 HOUHNNM3M 4 56 61 51 HOUBMN3M G O09Tb 022 Add 524 ZX 1 069 90 6 T 622 66v a ST eae por a T eee P 8 e ESEJI LE o ol D ejeps 593 STN bTS arent T anzz ST 613 31 5 lt D 2E 471 A gent ANT FF _ 5 655 8tt TT TIMERE E EEE E as 9 02 5 86 935 hern SHOT 66 b EFA 87 867
85. Aphex Model 2020 FM Pro Operating amp Service Manual Manufactured By Aphex Systems Ltd 11068 Randall St sun Valley California 91352 U S A The Model 2020 18 protected under one or more of the following U S Patents 5 930 374 5 612 612 5 424 488 5 115 471 5 898 395 5 485 077 5 422 602 4 939 471 5 596 458 5 483 600 5 359 665 4 843 626 5 848 167 5 463 695 5 334 947 4 633 501 5 737 432 5 450 034 5 155 769 4 578 648 Copyright 1995 2000 Systems Ltd rights reserved All Aphex product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of Aphex Systems Ltd Other brand and product names mentioned within the manual are trademarks of their respective owners Updates to this manual and other important information about the Model 2020 may be found at http www aphex com Model 2020 FM Pro Audio Processor Page C 1 FM Pro Quick Setup Guide Notice Following this guide will get you up and running but without much understanding of what you are doing We highly recommend at least a minimal study of the manual It is written for fast and easy reading Once the unit is installed here s the proce dure to get your FM Pro operating properly using a factory preset You can later create your own presets if you wish Step 1 Understanding The Menus The escape key backs you out of menus and commitments It continuously takes you back wards towards the Main menu The enter key selects menu items and makes commitments such
86. FRONT PANEL Figure 8 2 Hardware Password Jumper 8 7 Setting The Password Once logged in you can create a password or change the existing password Enter the Password page from the Main Menu and select Edit Password The password edit screen will appear If a pass word exists it will appear in the edit screen Simply overwrite it and save If there was no previous password the edit screen will be blank Simply enter a new password and save From now on the new password will be required to log in 8 8 Clearing The Password Should you want to clear the password and run without password security follow the above pro cedure but overwrite the existing password with blank spaces Once the blank password is saved the password system becomes software disabled and you will not be asked for a password for subsequent log ins Model 2020 FM Pro Audio Processor 8 0 Password Security System end Page 8 3 8 0 Password Security System Blank Page Model 2020 FM Pro Audio Processor Page 8 4 9 0 Using Digital Audio 9 1 Connecting AES EBU Lines The FM Pro digital audio interface operates with professional AES EBU standard specifications If your digital audio cables are somewhat lengthy your cabling should use only 110 ohm twisted pair shielded wire designed specifically for digital audio use For very short runs of a few feet standard twisted pair cable is usually acceptable Keep cables as short and neat as po
87. GR all 9dB can jump a step plus or minus Limiting Flickering between 3 and 5dB That s it If you cannot accurately set your pink noise generator to dBu then simply adjust its output level to get OdB on the leveling meter and the other meters should all line up correctly You can also adjust the model 2020 s input ref level to move the leveling meter to OdB if the output adjustment of your generator is insufficient Switch input channels of the 2020 to verify both channels end Page 13 1 14 0 Installation Instructions 14 1 Unpacking Your FM Pro was packed carefully at the factory in a container designed to protect the unit during shipment Nevertheless Aphex recommends mak ing a careful inspection of the shipping carton and the contents for any signs of physical damage If damage is evident do not discard the container or packing material The FM Pro occupies two standard 19 in x 1 3 4 in rack spaces 260 Chassis depth is 13 25 inches not including connectors Allow at least 3 5 inches additional space in back for wiring and connectors The chassis 15 designed to be fully supported by front panel mounting alone To avoid cosmetic damage to the panel use the cushioned rack screws Contact your carrier immediately to file a claim for damages Customarily the carrier requires you the consignee to make all damage claims documents and the waybill number 14 2 Damage amp Claims 14 3 Mains Voltag
88. Pro Audio Processor 15 0 Schematics T aa SEG H2S TTH43A usuna2oqg 1 3311111 5150 43 3 4 05532044 Wd 21371 917 SH31SAS 022 93 T ap ms T 422 T S22 T 22 HOST In 81 sT sT _ O 2 sT 252 AN 8010 ST 62 t 02 essan 1noxs HOST 0832 42 993 05 Toy DONT CN X 11 n 1001 5 2 ino DSx2 89M Wddd 14 4 OORT 293 2 9 2 ETM 4402 TO JnT TED ST 22 51 e 55 ven STY ST sg41 L lt 87 vsu S 34082 ST Hui T 2 4 2 5 Z1 pomp 3H 4 87 25 S 34052 b gt ETY bINb 26 T 0 ST ST 5 41 P 3d JH 0 OMOZ 05 5 5 9 906 NZ 8 06 STENT 2092 z b 10049 19 p rP 1008 0501 2 C CAD NIu lt lt gt NIS HPIGNT NIT d OT 6 H O0 2 T est 953 599 ze N 9b 53 zess Se 1T 001 3 0 SYA 7 8 SUA 7 T SSH 7 593
89. Set the Max gain lock according to the amount of correction you need for low program levels If you want really tenacious control set it to 15dB This makes the leveler bring everything down to 15dB below reference level up to full level A consequence of this tenacity is that it will kill program fades On the other hand if you want program fades to be allowed you should set the Max gain to 6dB This will make the leveler hold up a falling level only until the signal falls below 6dB From that point signal will be allowed to continue fading naturally The Max atten lock can usually be left at 15dB This allows excessive levels to be fully compensated by the leveler before the multiband compressor gets the signal In a few rare cases you may want excessive levels above a certain point to go uncompensated by the leveler and ram the multiband compressor to create a dramatic effect An example of this might be a classical music station wanting to emphasize the orchestral crescendos 6 6 2 DVG Generally the DVG should be turned on at all times except when you are striving for the fattest and loudest most stressed sound When on the DVG allows the leveler to control level in a less obvious manner If the DVG is off the leveler can press harder upon the signal envelope and create slightly more loudness at the expense of potential Model 2020 FM Pro Audio Processor 6 0 Setting Up processing pumping When on the DVG reduc
90. Together the Compellor Dominator Aural Exciter and Digicoder comprise the Aphex Audiophile Air Chain which has gained worldwide recognition as the premiere FM audio processing system for transparent lifelike transmission of sound World wide many leading broadcast institutions have adopted these Aphex products as their technical standard and continue to employ them exclusively in high grade radio and television network sys tems As proud as we are of the Audiophile Air Chain and what it achieves in its sonic purity we realize many broadcast applications demand something else For example a need exists to literally design the sound of a radio station i e to generate a unique and competitive air sound intentionally modified in certain ways Also the processor may be required to operate directly within a digital audio path Furthermore there is a demand for programmability remote control and day part automation We developed the FM Pro to fulfill all these needs and more Naturally we borrowed upon many of the proven and exclusive Aphex patented circuits to achieve a technically excellent design but while we were at it we invented at least six additional new and innovative audio process ing concepts giving the FM Pro truly advanced capabilities and performance 2 2 Description The FM Pro is not just a boxed up combination of prior Aphex products It is a totally new and advanced audio processing system tailored especially
91. X AES EBU Limiter Output X X X X 2 5 FUNCTIONS AND FEATURES Analog and Digital Stereo Inputs 2 Input processing functions a 20Hz Highpass Filter b 16 5KHz lowpass filter c SPR process d Selectable external processing loop patch Frequency Discriminate Leveler a Improved parametric controls b New sticky leveling feature c Selectable patented DVG d Selectable silence gate e Adjustable silence gate threshold f Adjustable AGC upper and lower control limits Multiband compressor 4 bands adjustable crossover frequencies Easyrider compression Peak Accelerated Compression PAC algorithm Band by band stereo elastic coupling Band to band forward elastic coupling Adjustable compression drive Separate adjustable release time per band Selectable stereo hard coupling j Compression drive control k Output band mixing facility New post crossover multiband technique m High or Low selectable ratio Bass Processor a Distortion canceled bass clipper b Warm bass equalizer c Sub Bass equalizer d Total Bass Mix control Peak Limiter a Bass interactive to reduce intermod distortion b Instant processing i e no pumping c Zero overshoot d Master drive control configures loudness factors Optional pre emphasis processor a Special 50 or 75 microsecond pre emphasis filter b Digicoder type pre emphasis limiter c Digicoder type non overshoot final lowpas
92. ZS 5492 554448 AST NUZT Say artn ef E 4 3 bObOKb E W 5490 459448 NUZTB8QU m 107 07 NoN COND 299388 07 12 25 Ig ASt m 0 sn P922 22 ASe LOTZ NOT tM ANT 0 5 Aza A35 Aaa AAN 6Z DNU Q l33HS Page 15 29 Model 2020 FM Pro Audio Processor 15 0 Schematics HOS 2Wddd 2667 22 juaun2oQg zT C 43MM 2661 92 2661 TZ NUM Wadd 92 300 C3M32 Z66T SO ABA 435 02 9667 14855 MHJ Z66T t A33 SH31SAS X3HadU C149 T T 02 d3S T66T 6 d3S HOUS8NM3M 22222251 ZN 43M 101149 0606 gt NIU5 MW ba dN anzz bzo A T 6 8 36 ONT ed 8 7 514 8 7 AST 7 01 1 orang ax StT6NT 4 3 2 StT6NT 1 1 9 0 9TOb Q2zn 220 0 00100 86 7 9
93. actice you can create different pilot injec tion levels in different user presets 1f you wish 10 6 Multiplex Output The stereo multiplex output level 15 adjusted by a rear panel multiturn precision trimmer The level is adjustable from zero to approximately 7 volts peak 14Vp p at 100 modulation The output impedance of the BNC jack 18 approximately 10 ohms sourced by a high current video output driver circuit to maintain extremely fast slew rate and a strong drive capability This will reliably drive up to 100 feet of low capacitance coaxial cable either terminated or unterminated 10 7 Multiplex Cable Connections Many stereo generators suffer from the effects of output cable capacitance and their manufacturers tell you to keep the output cable under 6 feet long The FM pro can drive much longer cables without a problem either of distortion or stereo separation You can use either 50 or 75 ohm coax line without any noticeable difference in performance We have found no reason to terminate the line in practice since the bandwidth of the multiplex signal does not reach a high enough frequency to excite the transmission line characteristics of a typical cable You may however use a line terminator if you wish It is best to use low capacitance coaxial cable especially for runs over 20 feet long 10 8 Modulation Overshoot Problems Once you have adjusted the multiplex output level to satisfy proper total peak modulation limits o
94. age such as F5 F6 F7 F etc If you are in other menus such as the PRESETS and DAY PARTING menus the logic of selection labeling 1s similar except the selections may be labeled as 001 U02 or Sl 52 etc The selections flow from page to page as necessary to accommodate all available selections in a given menu 4 2 3 Footer The bottom line reads out a short phrase indicating what is expected as input It may be Enter key Enter value Enter function etc The bottom right corner contains an alternating display that toggles between the time of day and the memory preset number 001 POI etc that is currently on air 4 3 Display Sleeping Mode The menu system sleeps when not in use by a logged in user During this time the Welcome to Aphex logo screen is displayed This screen displays the current time and software version How To Make Selections 1 To MOVE BETWEEN PAGES of multiple page menus use the left and right arrow keys 2 To MOVE THE POINTER use the up and down arrow keys 3 To SELECT THE FUNCTION press the Enter YES button 4 To ESCAPE FROM A SELECTION press the Esc NO key 4 2 1 Header The top line left side of the display shows the cur rent menu name while the current page is indicated on the right For example the top line may read MAIN MENU P 1 2 This indicates you are in the Main Menu page 1 of 2 pages Once past the Main Menu the menu name always refers to t
95. alizer is a portion of the distributed pre emphasis method used in the FM Pro It 15 switched on for 75 microseconds and off for 50 microseconds By placing this filter in front of the multiband processor it helps relieve the final pre emphasis limiter from the burden of a 75 microsecond equalization curve allowing that limiter to remain active upon 50 microseconds at all times 5 4 Frequency Discriminate Leveler FDL The FDL is an intelligent leveler circuit designed to remain as unnoticed as possible while effectively riding gain over the program level The amount of automatic gain correction is user adjustable between 15dB of gain and 15dB of loss There are 8 support systems which help the leveler operate with minimum effects upon the sound They are Silence Gate Dynamic Verification Gate DVG Sticky Leveling Jump Ahead Attenuation Lock Gain Lock Leveling Rate Control Frequency Discrimination oo tn Q 5 4 1 Silence Gate This is a gate which affects only the gain control system The audio is not being gated When the input signal falls below the user setable threshold the leveler gain will be locked at its present value until sound returns at a level above threshold The background noise will therefore be prevented from swelling up during pauses and silence The silence gate threshold be set from 10dB above to 38dB below the input reference level A 1 second delay is
96. annot establish a remote link 11 5 2 Transmit Speed This shows how efficiently the data is being carried from your PC to the FM Pro Data is not always being transmitted so this indicator may be blank or at a low value until you begin moving settings 11 5 3 Receive Speed Your PC normally receives a continuing stream of meter data This indicator allows you to see how efficiently the receive data 1s streaming through the link If your modem is operating on a bad phone line you may see this value fall low and the meters on the panels may become erratic 1 Select Com Port 3 x 1418 d Eleje 2 Select Eiaha Oe Connection I Type pe VENNT B0 A 1 8 nes 15 19 Dn Spesa facet Saeed hmm That 2 LL iini Fere 1 aie Figure 11 6 Establishing a Connection Page 11 3 11 6 Port Direct Linking To begin direct communications open the Com menu and select the com port you will be using Next select Port Direct out of the Connect choices If the FM pro 18 properly connected to your PC then you will immediately receive a series of messages indicating the success of the connection Note You must set the remote link status on the FM Pro to DIRECT not to allow direct linking If there is a password
97. ant to create their own sound design This section focuses upon the how to part of designing your station s signature sound 6 1 Steps In Setting Up Taking a logical approach 18 helpful in getting the sound you like The following steps should be taken as you design your sound 1 Target the processing goals 2 Create a Global preset 3 Select a factory preset to start from 4 Adjust processing 5 Save your preset 6 2 Targeting Processing Goals You should begin with an idea of what you need the FM Pro to provide Do you want an open sound or a wall of sound Do you want a stressed intense effect or a laid back effect Do you want it as transparent as possible Are you willing to accept distortion in order to squeeze out an ounce more loudness You may change your mind as you tune up your processing and listen to the competing stations You may find that what you thought you wanted 18 not what you like now That s all right You just need a place to start One good way to pick a processing goal 16 to target a successful radio station and make yours sound better A fact often overlooked when considering competitive FM processing is that how you sound compared to other stations in your market 15 far more important than how you sound absolutely For example if your radio market 15 filled with trashy sounding stations but they are all pushing the envelope on loudness you don t have to be perfectly clean just cleaner and eq
98. artment or to an authorized dealer distribtor or agency for pro cessing Aphex does not honor unauthorized repairs under warranty claims Unauthorized repairs and modifications to the unit may void the warranty at the sole discretion of Aphex Systems Warranty claims will be validated by the unit serial number and the purchase date Generally an owner registration form mailed to Aphex shortly after the date of purchase satisfies the requirements for warranty validation In any case of doubt or the absence of a valid owner registration on file at Aphex you may be required to furnish proof of the purchase date or proof of ownership to obtain warranty service Units obtained through Model 2020 FM Pro Audio Processor 17 0 Warranty amp Service fraudulent means such as units known or suspected to be stolen goods will not be honored under warranty claims Factory supplied field upgrade kits installed by the customer will be honored under warranty if all installation procedures were properly followed using adequate care and workmanship Damage caused by careless or unskilled workmanship or accident is the full responsibility of the owner and may void the warranty which 1 solely at the discretion of Aphex Systems 17 3 What Is Covered Refer to the warranty certificate for further details Page 17 1 17 0 Warranty amp Service Aphex Systems Ltd Limited Warranty PERIOD One year from date of purchase SCOPE All defects
99. atz TAM onoz 3902 uds S84 7 7 g 66Ne 2555 TES 258 841 66 02 0 20 gt 11 007 107 25 A 2 TINT O0Z ES 7 7 TSA 0 4207 20 26 8T 1T0 N3QI 96 50 90 N30I1 Se tT ZT HoUNH3M 4 4 gt 9 Page 15 15 Model 2020 FM Pro Audio Processor 15 0 Schematics OPTb O0O22 Add 2 zo 5 pazr6abuaun u nous Shelay ino 151550 ST echku 3 aug _ DSx A 51 Toy o X001 554 542 ZN dNJ3 zz DS OST SES tva 3902 922 481114 S88dMO7 ZHY ST THOT S MOT 4ntoo 213 025 dNjnzz 1 ZH OZ 40 00 T TT 206 TS ads HOOT 6t dNJnzz 629 zess t ben UTN 4402 403125 2423 7260 STN Hired OT 2T2 Seyd 1623 7 3902 M 26 90 90 MCOT dNJnzz f 00 gt 15 16 Model 2020 Pro Audio Processor 15 0 Schematics HOS 5 1 90 Z26 t0 t0 411 SH31SAS X3HdU STSW oku d 022 God
100. bass response 5 7 2 Sub Bass Equalizer Prior to the split band clipper but after the Warm Bass equalizer the Sub Bass equalizer 18 inserted This equalizer boosts the low bass frequencies according to a second order shelving response as shown in figure 5 4 Principally bass frequencies alone are affected Voices will not be thickened or muddled by its use At high amounts of boost it can be seen that there 15 an actual cut occurring in the high bass frequency range This depression in the net response is intentional and helps to emphasize Page 5 5 5 0 Detailed Audio Processing Description Figure 5 4 Sub Bass Equalizer Curves 15 10 m 5 m 0 5 20 200 2K Frequency Hz the lower bass frequencies With 154 of boost available at 20Hz the Sub Bass equalizer should be used carefully Typically no more than 6dB of boost will be necessary to produce heavy pounding bass especially when used in conjunction with the Warm Bass boost 5 7 3 Phase Coherent Crossover Once the bass equalization 15 added to the audio signal it is split into two bands at approximately 180Hz as shown figure 5 5 below The crossover slope is 48dB octave which creates a very sharp separation of bands Phase coherency in a crossover is a new concept introduced by Aphex Systems In such a crossover all output frequencies remain in phase between the low an
101. be no appreciable noise or distortion generated by the converter itself leaving the question of audio quality entirely up to the digital audio source 9 4 Auto Source If Auto Source is turned on the FM pro will automatically switch over from the digital to the analog input when digital audio data errors are detected Error levels detected in order of severity are are as follows Validity bit high Confidence flag Slipped sample CRC error Parity error Bi phase coding error No lock You can set which error level is the lowest level that will trigger the Auto Source The Auto Source will trigger after 10 error hits are detected within a 1 second interval The Auto Source will therefore not switch over for the minor data errors which are normal in many digital STL s After an Auto Source trigger if no more errors are detected for an additional 4 seconds the Auto Source switches back to accept the digital input If you are using the Auto Source mode then you need to have a suitable analog input available to continue the broadcast program Many users will maintain an analog STL or land line feed to the FM Pro as a backup to their digital audio link If no analog input 1 supplied to the FM Pro then when Auto Source switches to the analog input your FM modulation will go silent Note To select the lowest error level you want to trigger the Auto Source move the curser pointer to Auto Source in the AES EBU menu and turn t
102. ble 5 6 8 Stereo Coupling The left and right stereo channels can be compres sion linked in two modes hard and elastic In the hard mode the rule of one controls both is followed This means that the channel of greater gain reduction controls both channels at any instant Both channels will track each other quite perfectly at all times In the elastic mode the channel with the greater gain reduction at any instant drags upon the other channel pulling it toward the greater amount of gain reduction This tends to cause their average gain reductions to equalize while the fast changing compression of each channel remains independent 5 6 9 The Technology One of the hallmarks of Aphex products is our extremely high quality proprietary VCA the 1001 Having gone through exhaustive devel opment it is somewhat costly but it is simply the best audio VCA in the world In terms of sound it is vastly superior to any other method of dynamically controlling the gain or level Naturally we incorporated the 1001 into the FM Pro at every point where dynamic gain control is used including the multiband compressor This accounts in large measure for the very high quality of sound you can achieved with the FM Pro 5 7 Split Band Bass Processor Limiter FM broadcasting when faced with difficult com petition demands rather extreme audio density to attain competitive on air loudness within the 100 peak modulation constrain
103. ble on the output Unfortunately there is little you can do if your STL does not pass muster except to purchase a better set of STL equipment 10 8 2 FM Exciter Problems Older FM exciters and many newer types espe cially units used in Europe and the far east produce modulation overshoot as a result of inadequate low frequency response Highly processed audio containing heavy bass frequencies will cause the exciter to overmodulate You can investigate your FM exciter using the squarewave technique For this you need an FM demodulator with d c response Typical FM moni tors are not adequate in that regard Our experience has shown you cannot trust even the very expensive European FM modulation analyzers for this test One fairly reliable method is to use a common old fashioned FM receiver with the AFC defeated You can look at the FM detector s output with a d c coupled scope probe prior to the stereo decoder to see a good demodulated replica of the FM An FM exciter should be capable of modulating a 50Hz squarewave with less than 3 trapezoidal tilt Unfortunately there is little you can do besides purchase a better FM exciter should your exciter not pass the test 10 8 3 Composite Clippers If your system has overshoot caused by the STL but not the FM exciter then you may be able to mitigate the problem by using a composite clipper on the STL composite output We highly recommend avoiding composite clippers whenever possib
104. bles are not available you can make the cable according to figure 11 4 11 4 Operation By Modem 11 4 1 Usable Modem Types Generally any Hayes compatible modem capable of 9600 baud or greater should work Newer V32 bis modems will connect at the highest speed the line quality supports usually 14 400 to 33 600 baud while older fixed rate modems will just lock up at their specified baud The serial communica tions of the FM Pro and the PC are set to 9600 and need only to see support for 9600 baud from the modems The newer faster modems usually offer better performance because of improved error handling 11 4 2 Modem In The Windows Operating System Even though the Aphex remote software runs under Windows 3 1 or Windows 95 you do not have to configure the modem for the Windows environ ment We take care of all modem control through the software If your PC modem is already config ured with windows drivers that 1 not a problem You only need to check which com port it is attached to If the modem 15 internal usually it will be configured to Com4 but you should double check your modem configuration so you will select the correct port in the remote program 11 4 3 Modem Installation Procedure When setting up the FM Pro for a modem connec tion please follow these steps to properly initialize and activate the modem 1 Power down the FM Pro 2 Connect the FM Pro to the modem by a standard not a null modem cable
105. call menu allows you to page through all 24 memory locations and selectively recall any preset When a preset 15 recalled the FM Pro immediately transforms all processing functions to the new operating parameters The transforma tion 15 smoothed out by ramping each individual control node to its new value rather than suddenly jumping This greatly reduces the transition arti facts which could otherwise be generated by switch ing between widely different presets Note Recalling any preset establishes that pre set as the new default for current on air process ing power up rebooting and other purposes 7 2 2 Saving Presets The save menu allows you to save the operating parameters currently running on the FM Pro to any user memory U01 through U16 The logged in user name and current time are automatically stored with the selected preset For protection you cannot save to any factory preset location You can create a new name for the preset you re saving or use the existing name when overwriting an older preset Note Saving a preset automatically makes it the Model 2020 FM Pro Audio Processor 7 0 All About Presets new default preset The Recall Menu pointer will be moved to the newly saved preset loca tion 7 2 3 Viewing Presets The view menu allows you to inspect the list of presets You can see the preset name user name and time the preset was saved but you cannot modify anything 7 2 4 Day Part Scheduling T
106. counter broadcasters who switch from stereo to mono simply for the purpose of inserting an additional subcarrier signal for a certain period during the day this case it 18 necessary to limit the mono modulation to 90 In effect the 9 pilot injection 15 being replaced by the additional subcarrier For those broadcasters who need it we provide the Mono 90 mode of opera tion Just another thoughtful service of Aphex technology and design 10 4 2 Stereo Mode In the stereo mode the peak modulation of left and right channels hits 90 modulation while the pilot is customarily adjusted by the user to equal 9 modulation This condition will be restored whenever stereo mode is selected regardless of which mono mode may have been in use Figure 10 1 Stereo Generator Menus 10 5 Pilot Function The pilot signal 18 automatically switched off when any mono mode is selected and on when the stereo mode 1s selected Once you are in the stereo or mono mode you can switch the pilot on and off for testing or other purposes For example you can switch on the pilot while in a mono mode and switch off the pilot while in the stereo mode Regardless of the state of the pilot in any mode it will automatically be returned to the normal state when another mode 15 selected The user may adjust the pilot injection from approximately 7 Page 10 1 to approximately 11 modulation The typical setting 15 9 modulation Though probably not good pr
107. ct an event El thru E4 by using the up down cursor keys Move the cursor using the left right keys to time and adjust the time using the Spin Dial Move the cursor to AM PM and select by using the Spin Dial Note It is not necessary to program the events in order of time although it would be easier for you to review the schedule if they are in chronological order Page 7 5 Note If you set the same time on two or more events the lowest numbered event is enacted while the others are ignored by the scheduler Move the cursor to the right hand side of the screen and using the Spin Dial choose a preset P01 thru P08 or 001 thru 016 If you spin past 016 the screen will show Off This means that event is cancelled Note You should set all unused events to Off Note Whenever you change anything on a Daily Event Set Menu the changes are taken to memory automatically You do not have to save the settings Action Chose Edit Weekly This opens up the Edit Weekly Sets menu which controls the rotating weekly scheduler Action Schedule the weekdays Select days using left right cursor Select parting sets to associate with each day using the Spin Dial If you want to use the same set for all days move the cursor to Set all and using the Spin Dial select the desired set which will be attached to all weekdays at once Note Whenever you change anything on the Edit Weekly Sets menu the changes are au
108. d high bands The time delay of the filters still exists but the time delay of the high and low bands is always equal for any frequency This 15 quite unlike any other time corrected or phase compensated crossover previously constructed With a phase coherent crossover new possibilities exist for audio processing In the FM pro we adapted this crossover to a very effective split band clipper inherently comprising distortion cancelling features as will be described 5 7 4 Split Band Clipper SBC The basis of the FM Pro s peak limiting is the split band clipper Through the SBC the high band Model 2020 FM Pro Audio Processor and low band of the phase coherent crossover are processed in a unique and unusual fashion as will now be described The low band frequencies which are for all intents and purposes the bass frequencies are passed through a dynamic threshold distortion cancelled clipper controlled by an intermodulation detection circuit The high band frequencies are passed to a summing amplifier and summed with the variably clipped bass frequencies Following the variable bass clipper is a post clip lowpass filter to clean up much of the clipping distortion caused by the extreme clipping which can be generated here The total signal 1s finally passed through a fixed threshold clipper to exact a perfect peak limit on the output signal
109. d tends to become duller due to the sweeping pre emphasis curve At 10096 Hardness the dynamics are locked and the clipper does all peak control This provides a brighter sound but causes sibilance distortion Somewhere between 0 and 100 Hardness you will find good setting with no appreciable distortion and good brightness Generally that will be at 50 but it depends on your Multiband Compressor mix limiter Master Drive and other factors You should go for the highest Hardness setting that does not Model 2020 FM Pro Audio Processor 6 0 Setting Up processing cause sibilance distortion There is an optimum balance to be found between the Hardness setting and the Multiband Compressor mix You may have attempted too high a boost in the B4 mix if you have to drop the Hardness much below 50 6 12 Save Your Preset After you have reiterated your adjustments and are at a point you want to save what you have created follow the steps outlined section 7 of this manual to save your user preset By saving several variations to presets and recalling them you can compare your processing ideas and make appropriate further adjustments Gaining on a competitor may be as easy as a first time shot or might require incremental adjustments 6 13 Tutorial A HOW TO Experience The following 1s a slightly different slant on setting up processing being somewhat anecdotal and it may shed further insights for many readers The first ques
110. down as the frequency drops until it reaches half attack speed at 20Hz The release time of the leveler remains normal at all frequencies The effect of this discrimination is to alleviate the feeling that bass note attacks are being pulled back by the leveler The full punch and power of dynamic bass in music 16 preserved 5 5 Insert Loop A relay controlled insert is supplied for external processing The I O interface is unbalanced and is intended for a short distance connection to other equipment Connections are by XLR connectors wired with pin 2 hot and pins 1 amp 3 grounded The output level at this point is nominally OdBu External equipment should be adjusted to return an approximate OdBu signal level 5 6 The Multiband Compressor Numerous innovations have been incorporated in Page 5 3 5 0 Detailed Audio Processing Description the FM Pro s multiband compressor section It will be observed from figure 5 2 that the compressor bands are created after the VCA s rather than the conventional method of generating crossovers ahead of the VCA s The compression sidechains are comprised of circuits incorporating wave depen dent technology Cross linking of bands and chan nels output mixing release times and other param eters are adjustable The main support features and innovations attached to the multiband compressor are Post crossover method Wave dependent compression Peak accelerated compression Tunable cros
111. duction and Dynamics Processing Digital audio is a sampled and quantized approxi mation of the original analog sound The higher the number of bits used to digitize an audio signal the more closely it s reconstructed analog signal will resemble the original The number of quantization levels available in the digital domain is a measure of the digital resolution of the audio signal Too few quantization levels results in harsh distortion known as grunge or splatter There can never be too many quantization levels 16 bit quantization has become a standard resolu tion in most of today s digital audio systems Although this moderate digital precision has been found generally satisfactory for mass consumption many people find that the presently available 18 and 20 bit digital audio 18 vastly superior in terms of realism and the reduction of noticeable digital audio anomalies The reason 15 that even if large amplitude waves can be quantized adequately in the 16 bit domain small signals reflecting signifi cant sonic details may be grossly underquantized or even lost The sample rate of digital audio directly affects the precision of the reconstructed sound as well A Model 2020 FM Pro Audio Processor low sample rate 1 32KS s results in a higher noise floor a more spurious noise characteristic and a narrower audio bandwidth Higher sample rates improve not only those factors but also permits better signal proce
112. e And Fuses The FM Pro is built with a custom designed universal off line switch mode power supply There are no fuse changes or voltage taps to change for the primary input voltage The power supply accepts any primary input voltage between 85 and 265VAC at 50 to 1000 Hertz Fuses inside the chassis will normally fail only from a catastrophic failure of the power supply Therefore need for fuse replacement suggests a malfunctioning power supply requiring component level repairs Should fuses fail please proceed cautiously while It will be helpful to retain the shipping provided in the shipping kit or other cushioned rack screws 14 6 Proper Ventilation The FM pro uses one cooling fan located on the right hand side of the chassis Unit ventilation passes through the chassis side walls so no cooling space 1 required above or below the chassis Please be sure there is adequate clearance at both sides of the chassis This is normally not a problem since the Model 2020 was designed to be mounted in a typical rack which usually allows 2 inches or more of clearance on each side of the chassis The fan has an attached filter cover which should be checked periodically for blockage The filter Power Cord Color Codes USA Color Code Black Hot live White Neutral Green Ground IEC Continental Color Code Brown Hot live Blue Neutral Yellow Green Ground investigating the failure Extremely hazardous voltages appea
113. e Digital input 3 1 5 9 DVG If the Dynamic Verification Gate DVG 16 turned on this LED flashes in response to the DVG action If the DVG 18 switched off the LED remains dark Dynamic Verification Gate is an Aphex patented invention that allows the leveler s gain correction to move only during the brief periods when present peaks are above the historical average peak level Based on the pattern of the audio waveform the DVG will freeze the move ment of gain during intervals when the ear is most cognizant of the gain movement thus making the leveler more transparent sounding The DVG also serves to freeze the leveler gain during brief program pauses of about 1 5 seconds or less dura tion preventing immediate noise swelling After about 1 5 seconds the DVG releases control The DVG works only with the leveler function of the FM Pro and does not affect the compression Page 3 2 system In any way Note Enable disable of the DVG feature is located in the Processing Leveler menu 3 1 5 10 Sil Gate Silence Gate The Silence Gate LED lights up whenever the Silence Gate activates The Silence Gate is a delayed level detector which acts to freeze the leveler gain during extended pauses in program Since the DVG serves this purpose for brief pro gram pauses the Silence Gate is delayed about second to take over from the DVG for more lengthy periods The delayed response prevents the Silence Gate from constantly interfering
114. e action of the detector transfers control energy between the two modes seamlessly depending upon the audio waveform The result is a compressor Model 2020 FM Pro Audio Processor which will never pump and can easily reduce peaks while fattening up the average level These attributes are just as desirable for multiband as for a single band compressors The WDC feature is not user selectable and 1 permanently active 5 6 3 Peak Accelerated Compression PAC When a compressor 15 operated at a relatively low compression ratio there will be times when a very large and fast transient will pass through without sufficient amplitude reduction by the compressor The PAC feature allows the compression ratio to increase for fast and transient signals which need more gain reduction above threshold for proper control This feature marries very successfully with the WDC to help reduce the amount of peak clip ping that will be required for adequate peak control after the multiband compressor The PAC feature 1s not user selectable and 1s permanently active 5 6 4 Adjustable Crossovers Band Filters All crossovers are first order filters with 6dB octave slopes and are user adjustable Tuning the filters is accomplished by the use of multiplying DAC s and the digital DAC codes are sent by the micro controller unit The filters are derived from state variable sections using the DAC s as true attenua tors in variable integrator circuits Thus
115. emaining at OdB It would then be a good idea to normalize your mix by going to update all and raising or lowering all the mix levels simultaneously until one of the middle two bands lands on OdB This will keep your relative mix intact while adjusting the overall mix to a normal level 6 7 5 Band Coupling Hard stereo coupling should be chosen when you want the absolute stereo imaging preserved This option is excellent for Classical music or a highly definitive Jazz station Elastic coupling is an FM Pro unique coupling method that allows global coupling 1 the baseline compression will tend to track between channels while the faster peak compression will remain independent Elastic cou pling is excellent for nearly every format since it maintains the perceptual stereo balance and imaging while preventing a transient event in one channel from poking a gain hole into the other channel Band to band coupling can be used to reduce the dynamic equalization that occurs with multiband compression Usually we want the dynamic equal ization to remain since it constitutes enhancement of the sound and helps get the unique on air sound we are after However there are times when we may want to keep a flatter frequency response at least between two of the bands Band to band coupling 18 elastic like the elastic stereo coupling This allows coupled bands to remain independent for compression of transients and thus preserves many of the
116. er The Limiting meter is a red dot mode 10 segment display that indicates the amount of peak limiting occurring in the limiter bass processor circuit after the multiband compression This is separate from and does not display any pre emphasis limiting that takes place when the pre emphasis limiter option is used The scale is from 1 dB of limiting to 10 dB of limiting in dB steps Note Limiter parameters are controlled in the users menu under Processing Limiter bass 3 1 5 Status Indicators Individual LED s indicate the status of principal processing functions other than functions indicated by the 8 bar graph meters A more detailed descrip tion of these functions follows 3 1 5 1 16 5 KHz Lowpass Filter This is a member of the input pre processing group of filters You can invoke this filter to clean up unwanted high frequency noise which may have resulted from interference in the STL path or other source It is not related to the 15KHz lowpass filters associated with the stereo generator This filter works on both the analog and digital audio inputs Note Control of the 16 5KHz Lowpass Filter is located in Processing Input Output menu 3 1 5 2 20Hz Highpass Filter This is another member of the input pre processing Page 3 1 group of filters You can invoke this filter to clean up unwanted rumble or subsonic noise which may be encountered It is not related to the 15KHz lowpass filters associated with the stereo
117. es 10 4 2 Stereo Mode 10 5 Pilot Function 10 6 Multiplex Output 10 7 Multiplex Cable Connections 10 8 Modulation Overshoot Problems 10 8 1 STL Problems 10 8 2 FM Exciter Problems 10 8 3 Composite Clippers 10 9 Using RDS Encoders 11 Remote Operation 11 1 Hardware Requirements 11 2 Software Installation 11 3 Cable Wiring 11 3 1 Direct Connection 11 3 2 Modem Connections 11 3 2 1 Modem To FM Pro 11 3 2 2 PC To Modem 11 4 Operation By Modem 11 4 1 Usable Modem Types 11 4 2 Modem In The Windows Operating System 11 4 3 Modem Installation Procedure 11 4 4 Troubleshooting The Modem 11 4 5 Compatibility Issues 11 5 The PC Remote Control Main Form 11 5 1 Link Status 11 5 2 Transmit Speed 11 5 3 Receive Speed 11 6 Port Direct Linking 11 6 1 A Note On Day Parting 11 7 Modem Linking 11 8 Using The Remote Control Panel 11 9 Dealing With Presets 11 9 1 Recall Preset 11 9 2 Save Preset 11 10 The View Menu 12 Product Specifications 12 1 Getting Meaningful Numbers 12 2 FM Pro Setup 12 3 Test Equipment Connections 12 4 The Specifications 12 4 1 General Analog 12 4 2 Analog Input Model 2020 FM Pro Audio Processor Page 1 5 1 0 Table Of Contents 12 4 3 Analog Line Outputs 12 4 4 Digital Inlut 12 4 5 Digital Output 12 4 6 Composite Baseband Output 12 4 7 Remote Control Interface 12 4 9 Physical 12 4 10 Environmental 13 Test amp Calibration 14 Installation Instructions 14 1 Unpacking 14 2 Damage amp Cla
118. es the pumping effect and makes the audibility of leveling much less perceptible 6 6 3 Sticky Leveler Generally the Sticky Leveler should be turned on at all times especially for a leveling rate faster than 10 seconds The sticky window is usually best around to 2dB You may not always hear the effect of the sticky leveler but it becomes quite evident with certain program material You can turn off the sticky to get the fattest most compressed audio quality The sticky can dramatically improve very fast leveling 2 3 seconds especially with voice material and open punchy music such as found on Jazz and AOR formats 6 6 4 Silence Gate You ll almost always want the silence gate turned on to eliminate background noise swelling during program pauses The silence gate on off control is mainly for testing You should set the silence gate threshold below the lowest expected program signal and above the highest expected background noise This will usually be between 17 and 38dB In practice this threshold is not critical since the silence gate is delayed and will not modify the leveler s action other than to lock the gain during silence You cannot adjust the silence gate to flicker and modulate the leveler s release rate as on some other FM processors Typically a threshold of 38dB the lowest setting is appropri ate Test the threshold by stopping the program source and finding whether the silence gate comes on after about 1
119. esistor 051807 3M P N 2510 5002 UG 3M P N 2520 5002 UG LED Green LTL Transistor NPN SI 2N3904 Transistor PNP SI 2N3906 Transistor Array NPN SI CA3046 Resistor Carbon Film Resistor Tin Oxide Film Resistor Tin Oxide Film Resistor Tin Oxide Film Resistor Tin Oxide Film Resistor Tin Oxide Film Resistor Tin Oxide Resistor Carbon Film Resistor Tin Oxide Film Resistor Tin Oxide Film Resistor Tin Oxide Film Resistor Tin Oxide Film Resistor Tin Oxide Film 22 1 56 2 115 15 12 1 4K99 71K5 11K8 10K5 10K2 10 43 2 30 1 17 8 3 65 7K50 100K 10 Value 1 OpF 1517 0 0 47mF 2 2mF 0 1507 0 107 0 22mF 022mF 0 07 10007 2M2 10 1 00 4K99 200K 56 2 2K49 5M6 68 100K 42K2 40K2 249R 16 0 Parts Lists 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 Tol 5 20 10 5 10 5 5 5 5 20 20 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 1 1 1 1 1 500 0260 120 2215 120 5625 120 1156 120 1505 120 1215 120 4994 120 7155 120 1185 120 1055 120 1025 120 1005 120 4325 120 3015 120 1785 120 3654 120 7504 120 1006 140 0120 490 0300 770 4140 310 0020 Aphex P N 160 0020 220 0020 190 0760 190 1360 220 0140 190 0380 190 0840 190 1780 190 0260 235 0020 220 0280 470 004
120. ess until your complete preset name is entered You can use the space in the character table to put a blank space in the name For example you could have a preset name like hot beat or test 1 When the preset name Is ready to save use the cursor key to highlight the word Save and press Enter Note Do not use the Enter key to advance to the word Save You will inadvertently press Enter over Clr and erase your new preset name Use only the left and right arrow keys to advance the cursor to Save You will be shown the NEW PRESET page and asked to verify the new name Press YES and the new preset is stored Press NO and you will be jetted back to the SAVE PRESET screen from which you came 4 5 2 3 View list The View list function is provided to allow the user Model 2020 FM Pro Audio Processor 4 0 Navigating The Menus to see the name and date of origin of any of the presets in the Fm Pro All six pages of presets are available to view and can be accessed by pressing the left and right arrow buttons Once a preset is selected the VIEW PRESET DETAIL page will appear showing the preset name and date saved 4 5 2 4 Day Parting In the Parting Menu you can view and edit day parting schedules and you can turn parting on or off To turn day parting on or off position the pointer to the Parting status line and turn the Spin dial to select on and off Viewing and editing functions are performed as
121. essor 6 0 Setting Up processing it is completely acceptable to tune the crossovers in any way that works for you This means that it is not important to keep the bands properly shaped using the 4X rule if the resulting sound 15 what you like Do not be afraid to experiment in this area 6 7 2 Multiband Drive This sets the depth of compression 1 e increased drive pushes more compression The texture and density of the sound can be controlled by the depth of drive and other settings More compression makes the audio louder and more homogeneous Light compression makes the sound more punchy and open Compression depth is indicated on the multiband gain reduction meters Running more than 12dB gain reduction on peaks would be considered heavy compression Light compression is under 6dB of gain reduction The FM Pro allocates sufficient dynamic range to the Multiband Compressor to allow 20dB of gain reduction well off the scale before any distortion creeps in Do not be afraid to push the drive if you want very heavy processing On the other hand the Multiband Compressor has a low enough noise floor to allow light compression without an appreciable noise penalty With Aphex you have it all 6 7 3 Band Release Faster release results in more density and loudness over all or in a given band One strategy for setting the band releases is to tune all four bands at once starting them at the slowest end of the range and gradually
122. et the value Page four allows you to adjust the output mix of the multiband compressor At this point you can make equalization adjustments to the audio based upon the band crossover frequencies To make an adjustment place the pointer next to the band you want to adjust then use the Spin dial to set the value The final page gives control over stereo coupling and band to band linking As with the other pages place the pointer next to the selection and use the Spin dial to set the value Model 2020 FM Pro Audio Processor 4 0 Navigating The Menus 4 5 3 1 4 Limiter Bass Menu This menu has two pages Page one gives control over the master limiter drive the bass drive and the brightness enhancer Page two gives control over the warm bass and sub bass equalizers To adjust drive or equalization set the pointer to the desired function and use the Spin dial to set the value 4 5 3 2 Processing Menu Page Two The second 4 of the 8 function submenus are accessed from page two They are PROCESSING P 2 2 F5 Preemp Limiter F6 Stereo Gen F7 AES status F8 More or Less Note Refer to the appropriate sections of this manual for a detailed description of the process ing parameters and how to set them up 4 5 3 2 1 Preemp Limiter Menu If the Pre emphasis Limiter option 1s not installed in the FM Pro then this menu will not be available If the option is installed a single page gives control over the limiter
123. f your transmitter the pilot injection indicated on your modulation monitor may be significantly lower than the indication on the Stereo Generator menu If this occurs then you are experiencing a transmission problem between the FM Pro and your FM exciter or with the FM exciter itself 10 8 1 STL Problems Any filters or amplifiers in the path from the FM Pro s stereo multiplex output to the FM Exciter input will probably introduce modulation over shoot A composite STL typically introduces such overshoot although newer types are available which almost eliminate the problem It cannot be over emphasized how important the STL can be to your on air sound and loudness Model 2020 FM Pro Audio Processor 10 0 Using Multiplex One way you can test your STL is with a square wave generator and oscilloscope Feed the tone into the STL transmitter at around 2096 modulation and observe the receiver s output on the scope Of course this can most easily be done with the transmitter and receiver on the same workbench but you can also check an installation by having workers at each end of the link First use a square wave frequency of 50Hz The output wave should be nearly rectangular with less than 3 trapezoidal tilt This test reveals the typical limitation of most STL s which is an inadequate phase lock loop filter in the FM modulator Next sweep the squarewave frequency upwards through 20KHz There should be no tilting or ringing visi
124. follows PASSWORD MENU F Edit password F2 View password F3 Log In F4 Log Out 4 5 1 1 Edit Password This page allows you to overwrite the password with a new one or to delete the password all together Do so by moving the cursor and selecting a character from the character table Use the spin dial to select characters from the table and press Enter to place the character at the cursor position The cursor will automatically advance one more space Repeat the process until your new password is all entered You can use the space in the char acter table to put a blank space in the password For example you could have a password like kitty cat To delete the password simply enter all blank spaces over the old password When the password is ready to save use the cursor key to highlight the word Save and press Enter Note Do not use the Enter key to advance to the word Save You will inadvertently press Enter over Clr and erase your new password Use only the left and right arrow keys to advance the cursor to Save Model 2020 FM Pro Audio Processor 4 0 Navigating The Menus When you press Enter at the Save position you will be passed to the View Password page and asked to verify that you want this new password to be entered into memory Press Enter to take the new password or Esc to revert back to the Edit Password page Pressing Esc again will revert you back to the Password Menu and pressi
125. follows 4 5 2 4 1 Edit Day Parting The Edit Parting menu allows you to select Daily Edit or Weekly Edit If you chose Daily Edit you will be taken to the Parting Sets menu where you will be able to chose among 8 day part sets to edit If you chose Weekly Edit you will be taken to the weekday scheduler page Please refer to section 7 of this manual for detailed information about setting up a day parting schedule 4 5 2 4 2 View parting The View Parting menu allows you to select Daily Events or Weekly Events If you chose Daily Events you will be taken to the Parting Sets menu from which you may select among 8 day part sets to view If you select Weekly Events you will be taken to the View Weekly Set menu to view the weekday schedule 4 5 3 Processing The Processing selection on page 1 of the Main Menu launches you to the two page Processing Menu from which you can access all the audio processing controls In all submenus for 8 major processing functions F1 through 8 are available from this menu These submenus cover the entire processing structure of the FM Pro 4 5 3 1 Processing Menu Page One The first 4 of the 8 function submenus are accessed from page one They are PROCESSING P 1 2 Input Output F2 Leveler Gate F3 Multiband Compressor F4 Limiter Bass Page 4 3 Note Refer to the appropriate sections of this manual for a detailed description of
126. for competent maintenance personnel Many of the circuits are patented and are therefore protected under patent laws Aphex Systems reserves all patent rights It shall not be construed that publishing of schematics in this manual grants or implies permission for use in any way schematic diagrams included in this manual are believed to be essentially accurate although they may not reflect the running upgrades and modifications that have occurred since they were drawn The Model 2020 unit shipped with this manual may contain updates not shown by schematics of the manual It is our belief that any such variances will be obvious to trained maintenance personnel upon examination and that such variances will cause little difficulty in the successful repair of the unit It 1 not our intention to provide assistance to entrepreneurs who may want to experiment with or modify the product in any way The schematics are not warranted for any such use All lability rests with the entrepreneur in such as case 15 2 The Schematics Model 2020 FM Pro Audio Processor Page 15 1 15 0 Schematics rr 017 SW31SAS 0867 022 824 O131HS SN O gemere e mm rr RII RISE PP INONId OHOL 2 NaS 991 541 3900 1175 Hust 4 MA E 2
127. he Spin dial to scan through the error list stopping at the desired indication To turn the Auto Source off turn the Spin dial until OFF is indicated in the data error list 9 5 Digital Output The FM Pro s digital audio output 1s generated by a no compromise drift stabilized 20 bit analog to digital converter You can select asynchronous output sample rates of 32 44 1 and 48KS s or Model 2020 FM Pro Audio Processor Page 9 1 9 0 Using Digital Audio you may slave synchronize the digital output to the digital input Many users will see the benefit of asynchronous digital output For example if your digital STL runs at 32KS s 16 6165 you can come into the FM Pro at that rather inferior rate and resolution process the sound in analog thereby elegantly reconstructing the audio waveform and resample out at 48K 20 bits Your digital FM exciter will happily accept the higher sample rate and resolution making your FM transmission all the better with much lower distortion and spurious content Note Thanks to an Aphex patent pending design the digital output of the FM Pro is free of all dc drift and bounce All thermal offset drift of the a d converter has been eliminated Furthermore the dc offsets of the analog audio stages are fully regulated by dc servo control There will be no long or short term frequency drift or bounce of the FM exciter caused by the FM Pro 9 6 Facts About Digital Audio Bit Rate Re
128. he compressor and the bass enhancements sections are the next areas to deal with Examine the crossover frequency settings and the gain reduction readings on the multiband compressor If the compressor seems to be working harder on one band more than the others and the program material is wideband then consider moving the crossover frequencies to better suit your needs Remember that the Multiband equalizer will be affected by the crossover changes so be careful with any extreme equalization boosts or cuts while changing crossover frequencies As tuning continues and the high frequency informa tion is meeting expectations move to the Limiter Bass menu Examine the amount of master drive that the limiter is currently set at and how much limiting 15 being indicated by the meter Provided there are not any strange gain settings the limiter should be indicating anywhere from 3 6 dB of limiting during normal program material If the low frequency content is not meeting expectations either adjust the Bass drive or move to the next page and make adjustments to the bass enhance ment circuits Additional adjustments may be made to the mix and release times in the Multiband compressor in order to continue to bring the overall tonal balance to a place that works Loudness in FM broadcasting is a factor of modula tion density This is generally referred to as peak to average ratio The Fm Pro 15 capable of creating a very dense audio signal
129. he day part menu takes you into the world of automated preset recalls The day parting system is composed of 8 day sets and a rotating 7 day scheduler The scheduler assigns any one of the 8 day sets to each day of the week Each day set allows you to elect up to 4 events process ing changes in 24 hour period Each event comprises a designated preset and take over time defined by the hour and minute In this manner you can have completely different day parting for every day of the week if desired You can just as easily part every day by the same day set or part one or more selected days Any combination of day sets and weekdays is possible Both the scheduler and the day sets are linked to an accurate self contained clock calendar module which can be set through the front panel menu The high accuracy of the internal clock should make the necessity of correcting it very infrequent how ever the clock calendar can be accessed through the remote control interface permitting machine control using custom software Note Day parting rotates a 7 day repeat ing schedule Weekly monthly and annual scheduling are not supported 7 3 The Auto Save Feature If you are working in the Processing menus and you walk away from the unit without saving your work the Auto Save feature will save your new settings to user location U16 naming it Auto save This will occur at the time when the FM Pro reaches the time out and automatical
130. he functional area you are controlling For example the Leveler menus are named simply LEVELER 4 2 2 Menu Selections Displayed below the header are the messages or selection options as provided by various menus If Model 2020 FM Pro Audio Processor Pressing any key wakes up the menu system and clears the logo screen bringing up the Password Security page 4 4 Password Security Page This page is the pathway to the Main Menu if a password is required Pressing any key when the logo screen is displayed brings you to this page If no password is currently active in the security system this page will be omitted and the screen will go to the LOG IN VERIFY page telling you a password 18 not required You can then press the enter key and pass directly to the Main Menu Page 4 1 Note For more information on the password and security system see section 8 of this manu al 4 5 Main Menu Page 1 of 2 The Main Menu consists of two pages containing 8 selections F1 through 8 that lead you to all other menus Selecting through F8 opens the associated menu by pressing enter The first page contains these selections which are described below MAIN MENU P 1 2 Password F2 Presets F3 Processing 4 Remote Link 4 5 1 Password Menu This section contains all password security ele ments including logging in and out as a user as well as password maintenance The four menu selections available are as
131. how long an implied warranty lasts and or do not allow the exclusion or limitation of incidental or consequential damages so the above limitations and exclusions may not apply to you This warranty gives you specific legal rights and you may also have other rights which vary from State to State Model 2020 FM Pro Audio Processor Page 17 2 16 0 Web Broadcasting Applications 18 1 Why process the Audio Listenability Consistent Level Consistent Tonal Balance Less Distortion Improved Intelligibility Less Listener Fatigue Longer Listener Retention Designed Sound Adjustable Peak and Average Program Density Adjustable Dynamic Equalization Adaptive Audio Processing Distinctive Dial Presence Professional Quality Finish Competitive Impressiveness Faster Audience Capture Higher Audience Loyalty The Competitive Edge Faster Audience Capture Longer Listener Retention Higher Audience Loyalty Higher Hit Ratings Stronger Market Position Greater Sales Volume Longer Client Retention Greater Profitability and A Greater Assurance of Mission Accomplished 18 2 Basics of Processing 18 2 1 Leveling Audio programs contain a wide range of levels over time It 1s usually desirable to pull all the program elements voices music commercials together toward a consistent sound level This makes listening to the program much more enjoyable without the need to con
132. ial cable will differ depending upon the type of connection 9 PIN 9 PIN FEMALE FEMALE 1 CD CD 41 2 RXD RXD 2 3 TXD 43 7 DTR DTR 4 To FMPro 5 SG SG 5 PC 6 DSR DSR 6 7 RTS RTS 47 9 Nc NC o Figure 11 1 9 Pin To 9 Pin Null Modem Cable 11 3 1 Direct Connection The direct connection uses a null modem serial communications cable to connect your PC to the FM pro Commercially available null modem cables come with various configurations of male and female connectors The FM Pro wants a 9 pin female cable end while your PC wants either a 9 pin or 25 pin female cable end Simply obtain or construct the proper cable and use gender changers if necessary If you make your own cable then follow the pinouts of figure 11 1 or 11 2 9 PIN 25 PIN FEMALE FEMALE 1 CD CD 8 2 RXD RXD 3 3 TXD TXD 2 To 4 DTR 20 To 5 SG 7 PC 6 DSR DSR 6 7 RTS RTS 44 crs ers 5 9 NC Figure 11 2 9 Pin To 25 Pin Null Modem Cable 11 3 2 Modem Connections 11 3 2 1 Modem To FM Pro For remote control through telephone lines an external modem must be connected to the serial port of the FM Pro Most external modems contain Page 11 1 a 25 pin female serial port connector Therefore you will need to obtain a standard modem cable not a null modem cable as described above with the proper connectors attached If off the shelf cables a
133. ims 14 3 Mains Voltage and Fuses 14 4 Power Cord 14 6 Mounting In A Rack 14 6 Proper Ventillation 14 7 Safety Considerations 14 8 Analog Balanced I O 14 8 1 Standard Wiring 14 8 2 Main Input Wiring 14 8 3 Main Output Wiring 14 8 4 Insert Loop I O Connections 14 9 Digital Audio I O 14 10 Multiplex Output 14 11 RS 232 Connector 14 12 Summary 13 Schematics 16 Parts List 17 Service amp Warranty Information 17 1 Obtaining Service For The FM Pro 17 2 Warranty Claims 17 3 What Is Covered 16 Web Broadcasting Applications 18 1 Why Process the Audio 18 2 Basics of Processing 18 2 1 Leveling 18 2 2 Peak Limiting 18 2 3 Designing the Sound 18 3 Getting the Best Processing Model 2020 FM Pro Audio Processor Page 1 6 1 0 Table Of Contents 18 4 Digital Versus Analog Processing 18 5 How to Use the Model 2020 18 5 1 Set the Input Level 18 5 2 Set the Output Level 18 5 3 Set Up the Processing 18 6 Bit Rate Effects Model 2020 FM Pro Audio Processor Page 1 7 2 1 The FM Pro Story Aphex entered the world of broadcast audio pro cessing with the Type II Aural Exciter in 1981 since then Aphex has continued developing lead ing broadcast audio products Compellor became and remains the world standard automatic level controller The Dominator became the world standard multiband peak limiter The Digicoder the only patented stereo generator technology took its place as the world s best stereo generator
134. in workmanship and materials The following are not covered a Voltage conversions b Units on which the serial number has been defaced modified or removed c Damage or deterioration 1 Resulting from installation and or removal of the unit 2 Resulting from accident misuse abuse neglect unauthorized product modifi cation or failure to follow instructions contained in the User s Manual 3 Resulting from repair or attempted repair by anyone not authorized by Aphex Systems 4 Occurring from shipping claims must be presented to shipper WHO IS PROTECTED This warranty will be enforceable by the original purchaser and by any subsequent owner s during the warranty period so long as a copy of the original Bill of Sale is submitted whenever warranty service is required WHAT WE WILL PAY FOR We will pay for all labor and material expenses for covered items We will pay return shipping charges if the repairs are covered by the warranty LIMITATION OF WARRANTY No warranty is made either expressed or implied as to the merchantability and fitness for any particular purpose Any and all warranties are limited to the duration of the warranty stated above EXCLUSION OF CERTAIN DAMAGES Aphex Systems liability for any defective unit is limited to the repair or replacement of said unit at our option and shall not include damages of any other kind whether incidental consequential or otherwise Some States do not allow limitations on
135. ing to the Save Preset menu Step 3 Select A Preset There are 8 factory presets designed for various programming formats Chose one that approximately matches your station s format If you are not sure chose Big Country as a moderately aggressive starter If you want to really risk it chose CHR and get a very loud and intense air sound Step 4 Adjust The Output Level While sending program audio to the FM Pro adjust the analog line output Input Output menu for the required peak output level If you are using the PPDM multiplex option adjust the multiplex output level back panel trim for 10096 peak modulation of your transmitter That s It Page C 2 1 0 Table of Contents 2 0 Product Description 2 1 The FM Pro Story 2 2 Description 2 3 Applications 2 4 Table of Options 2 5 Feature List 3 0 The User Interface 3 1 Metering and Status 3 1 1 Input Meter 3 1 2 Leveling Meter 3 1 3 Multiband Compressor 3 1 4 Limiter 3 1 5 Status Indicators 3 1 5 1 16 5 KHz Lowpass Filter 3 1 5 2 20Hz Highpass Filter 3 1 5 3 75 Indicator 3 1 5 4 SPR 3 1 5 5 HF Limiter 3 1 5 6 Analog In 3 1 5 7 Digital In Optional 3 1 5 8 Data Present 3 1 5 9 DVG 3 1 5 10 Sil Gate Silence Gate 3 1 5 11 Lvl Stic Sticky Leveler 3 1 6 Multiband Coupling 3 1 6 1 L gt lt R Hard 3 1 6 2 L gt lt R Elast L gt lt R Elastic 3 1 6 3 1 gt lt 2 3 1 6 4 2 gt lt 3 3 1 6 5 3 gt lt 4 3 1 7 Output Status LEDs
136. ion on PPDM and general stereo generator informa tion 10 2 The Stereo Generator Menus From the Main menu go to the Processing menu On page 2 of the Processing menu select F6 Stereo Gen There are two stereo generator menu pages Page 1 gives you the pilot settings and page 2 gives you the mode options These two pages are shown below STEREO GEN STEREO GEN Pilot mix Pilot On Off Input mode gt mode Enter value 10 3 Presets Memory The mode and pilot injection level is saved in the user preset memory whenever a preset is saved 10 4 Mode Settings Stereo generator modes are saved in the user presets You can therefore save presets for stereo and mono operation and run them as day parting events if you wish When starting the FM Pro for the first time you should set the stereo genera tor and save to the global preset 001 so the factory presets may inherit the mode and thus work Model 2020 FM Pro Audio Processor 10 0 Using Multiplex properly in your system Refer to section 7 10 4 1 Mono Modes Great flexibility is afforded the user by providing three mono modes Mono L Mono R and Mono L R You can also decide if the mono mode should remain at 90 peak modulation as for the stereo mode or be expanded to use the full 100 peak modulation limits Normally you will want the 100 mode and indeed most other stereo generators provide only this mono mode Occasionally we en
137. irect measurement using measuring instruments equivalent to the following types 1 Audio Precision System One 2 Belar Laboratories FMSA 1 Digital FM Stereo Monitor 3 General purpose 100 817 oscilloscope 12 2 FM Pro Setup The specifications will be given under conditions of the following FM Pro setup The setup parameters as given establish the net gain and operating level approximately equal to normal operating conditions The leveler is locked to zero dB gain while the multiband compressor 18 fully released Any operating parameter not shown may be considered inconsequential to the specifications Unless otherwise specified the analog measurements are taken from the FM Pro stereo multiplex output jack and decoded through the Belar FMSA 1 stereo monitor Measurements are taken from the FMSA 1 left and right test outputs and analyzed by the System One or measured directly by the FMSA 1 as indicated in the specifications list The FM Pro Setup for Specifications Input Output Menu Limiter Master Drive Bass Drive Warm Bass Sub Bass Input Reference 4dBu Output Level 124 Input Analog Pre process Filters Off Pre emphasis Limiter Rate Gain limit Atten Limit Limiter On Pre emphasis 75uS amp de emphasis DVG Hardness 50 Sticky Silence Gate Multiband Compressor Stereo Generator Xovers 200 2000 10000 Drive 20dB Release All bands 2 Sec Mix Adj for flattest res
138. ke the data fit the avail able bandwidth one way or another so having no reasonable masking opportunities it makes whatever severe and disastrous alterations to the digital audio that are necessary It is in fact better to place the data compressed digital audio link ahead of the FM Pro This arrangement although still undesirable usually yields better sound than data compressing the FM Pro s output If a data compressed digital audio link absolutely must be used ahead of the FM Pro then maximizing the quantization level by use of the Dominator to control audio peaks and a Compellor to ride average gain in the analog domain ahead of a d conversion can mitigate some of the audio degradation of the data reduction system and give the FM Pro a better quality digital audio input One final note about using data compressed digital audio The digital algorithms of data reduction used in digital STL s will sufficiently modify the audio input waveform to cause considerable peak overshoot This will not be a problem when the digital link is placed ahead of the FM Pro since the FM Pro will re limit the peaks prior to transmission Model 2020 FM Pro Audio Processor Page 9 3 However if the STL is placed after the FM Pro the STL digital audio output will not be suitable for direct connection to a digital FM Exciter For these reasons and reasons already given we recommend placing the FM Pro at the transmitter site in all cases i
139. ket 8 Pin 310 0020 36 8 None IC Socket 14 Pin 310 0040 37 4 None IC Socket 16 Pin DIP 310 0060 38 1 None IC Socket 18 Pin DIP 310 0080 Meter Board Assembly 050 3060 Item Quan Reference Designators Description Value Tol Aphex P N l 4 C1 C3 C5 C6 Cap Elect NP Music 22mF 20 225 0020 2 3 2 4 7 Cap Polyester 3 LS 0 1 mF 5 190 0840 3 6 C8 C9 C10 C11 C12 C13 Cap Monolithic Ceramic Z5U 0 1mF 20 235 0020 4 53 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 Diode SI Signal 1N914B 470 0040 D9 D10 D11 D12 D13 D14 D15 D16 D17 D18 D19 D20 D21 D22 D23 D24 D25 D26 D27 D28 D29 D30 D31 D32 D33 D34 D35 D36 D37 D38 D39 D40 D41 D42 D43 D44 D45 D46 D47 D48 D49 D50 D51 D52 D53 5 2 H1 H2 3M P N 2520 5002 UG 290 0600 6 2 Q1 Q2 Transistor NPN SI 2N3904 500 0260 7 1 Q3 Transistor SI PNP 2N3906 500 0180 8 3 1 9 R19 Resistor Tin Oxide Film 4K99 1 120 4994 9 3 R2 R6 R16 Resistor Tin Oxide Film 681 1 120 6815 10 3 R3 R7 R20 Resistor Tin Oxide Film 1M00 1 120 1007 11 2 R4 R8 Resistor Tin Oxide Film 1 50 1 120 1507 12 1 R13 Resistor Tin Oxide Film 200K 1 120 2006 Model 2020 FM Pro Audio Processor 16 0 Parts Lists Page 16 7 13 14 15 16 17 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 DAC Board mA ABN R14 R10 R12 R15 R17 R25 R26 R28 R30 R32 R34 R26 R38 R40 R42 R18 R21 R22 R23 R24 R27 R29 R31 R33 R35 R37 R39 R41 R43 R44 RN
140. l 2020 FM Pro Audio Processor 11 0 Remote Operation 11 8 Using The Remote Control Panel From the Tools menu select Controls This opens up the tabbed control of figure 11 8 giving you access to all the FM Pro programmable functions Each major processing group can be reached by clicking the appropriate choice tab To adjust any variable control simply put the pointer on the handle hold down the left mouse button and drag the mouse pointer Figure 11 8 Remote Control Panel 11 9 Dealing With Presets There are several ways you can deal with presets in the remote link You can import and export presets to and from data files and you can recall or save presets in the FM Pro memory Recalling and saving are similar to what you can do on the FM Pro front panel itself Import and export are additional capabilities given to you by the remote software program You can upload one or more presets to a file on your PC or floppy disk for transport to other FM Pro units and you can download presets from such a file Export files contain the extension fmd 11 9 1 Recall Preset From the Tools menu select Recall Preset This opens the recall form which proceeds to download all the presets currently in the FM Pro s memory including the factory and user presets Simply select the preset you want from the list and click recall 11 9 2 Save Preset From the Tools menu select Save Preset A panel will open showing you all the use
141. le but to compensate for a bad STL we would relent The use of composite clipping will introduce additional distortion to the sound and Page 10 2 generate spurious frequencies which will fall into the subcarrier frequency band The result can be to create a synthetic multipath distortion effect which will reduce your effective broadcast coverage area Please do not use a composite clipper beyond the minimum clipping needed to compensate for STL overshoot The FM Pro is designed to create high on air loudness without composite clipping 10 9 Using RDS Encoders The FM Pro does not directly support an RDS encoder interface If you intend to use an RDS encoder you can insert it as an inline device or you can let it lock up to the multiplex pilot and inject its RDS subcarrier into one of your FM exciter auxiliary inputs end Model 2020 FM Pro Audio Processor 10 0 Using Multiplex Page 10 3 The FM Pro can be remotely operated by a suttable personal computer running Microsoft Windows 3 1 or Windows 95 Remote control software is normally shipped with the FM Pro but 15 also available from any Aphex dealer and it can be downloaded from the Internet web site at http www aphexsys com The computer may be con nected to the FM Pro directly by an RS232 cable or by a telephone modem 11 1 Hardware Requirements 1 386 33 or higher class personal computer 2 Windows 3 1 3 11 9x 2000 operating system 3 Minimum 4MB RAM 4 2
142. led Audio Processing Description The stereo and mono modes are selectable as Is the pilot mix adjustment Refer to section 9 Using Multiplex for detailed Information about this option Additionally you might like to look at the appendicies for detailed information on multiplex generators and the Aphex proprietary PPDM technology 5 11 Digital I O Module The AES EBU interface module is another option available foir the FM Pro Refer to section 8 Using Digital Audio for more information about the the FM Pro s digital audio capabilities and features tems marked with an asterisk are protected by patents or patents pending Disclosure in this manual in no way grants permission for use All rights are reserved Model 2020 FM Pro Audio Processor Page 5 8 The two major functions of FM audio processing are to absolutely control and limit the transmitter s modulation and to generate a desired sonic char acter as perceived by the radio station s audience The FM Pro integrates these functions in a manner that gives you unusual latitude in how you can make your radio station sound In order to get the great on air sound you are seeking you should first become aware of all the features and capabilities the FM Pro has to offer The actual controls and user interface details are discussed fully in sections 3 4 and 5 of this manual While many users will be satisfied with one of the factory supplied presets many others will w
143. lution However the potential danger of driving too close to maximum input level is digital overload a most unpleasant sound To create sufficient headroom standard practice 15 to establish the OVU reference level of digital audio at 18 dB below peak clip With each bit comprising 6dB of the available dynamic range below clipping 0VU signals thereby receive only 13dB quantization Small but impor tant signals 20 30dB down from reference become only 8 bit audio It is not hard to see why much digital audio can sound harsh and gritty Furthermore once a signal 15 poorly digitized there is no way to increase its resolution The quality of digital audio can be noticeably Page 9 2 9 0 Using Digital Audio improved by raising the 0VU reference level closer to clipping and by using a high quality analog brick wall peak limiter such as the Aphex Dominator to prevent audio peaks from ever exceeding the a d clip level Of course the Dominator could also be used to raise the density of the sound getting a very loud and highly resolved digital conversion if desired When 18 or 20 bit digital audio is converted to 16 bits the lowest bits are either truncated or dithered to noise With either method it would be best to maintain as much of the audio in the higher bits as possible to maximize resolution Therefore an 18 or 20 bit analog to digital conversion system also benefits from the Dominator Linear digital audio requires wide s
144. ly logs you out If you log out manually without saving the Auto Save will also occur In this way you will not lose your work even if you neglect to manually save it The Auto Save feature can be turned on and off through the Display Mode Menu F6 in the Main Page 7 1 Menu We highly recommend you always keep it on unless you absolutely need the 16th preset memory for a running preset in which case you wouldn t want Auto Save to overwrite it If Auto Save is turned off then you will lose all your work if you don t manually save it before you re logged out Note Unlike manual save when the Auto Save updates 016 it does not make U16 the new default preset It s simply there to save your butt 7 4 Do I Really Need To Create Presets The answer is yes at least one You will need to set up the global parameters and save to user preset UOI This procedure is described in later sections of this chapter Note One of the joys in life is building and using FM Pro presets Likely as not you ll get into creating your own sound designs right from the start 7 5 Classes Of Presets There are three classes of presets in the FM Pro factory presets user presets and the global preset Every preset has a memory designation and a name Memories are designated by P01 through 08 for factory presets 001 through U16 for user presets The global preset occupies UOI and 1 a special case user preset as will later be
145. ly pick one that seems most relevant You can listen to all of them if necessary and then pick the one that comes closest to your needs 6 5 Adjusting the Processing This 18 where the FM Pro gets fun So as not to fill these pages with redundant material it shall be assumed that you have previously read sections 2 through 5 of this manual You also need to skip ahead to section 7 and learn how to create your Global preset 1f not already saved You should now understand the menus and processing charac teristics of the FM Pro and be ready to get started designing your air sound The initial sequence of processing adjustments follows a logical order the order of signal flow through the processor It is always ok to jump ahead or back and readjust a processing function however and you will do that after you become Page 6 1 more expert For now we will step through things sequentially steps of adjustments are as follows 1 Leveling 2 Multiband Compression 3 Limiting 4 Bass Enhancement 5 Brightness Enhancement 6 Pre emphasis Limiting 6 6 Leveling The leveler provides automatic gain control over your program level In pondering how to set the various adjustments consider what you want the leveler to do It can virtually jock proof your radio station by compensating for widely varying levels or it can merely smooth out variations In an otherwise well produced program stream 6 6 1 Control Locks
146. mize the loudness presence bass equation 6 10 Brightness Enhancement This process allows you pick up the presence brightness and loudness of your air sound without overtaxing the multiband compressor You will usually find that about 2dB of brightness boost will be sufficient We recommend adjusting the multiband mix with only moderate boost not over 3dB in bands 3 and or 4 then using the brightness enhancement to obtain the additional brightness you desire In some cases running a brightness boost above 3dB may cause you to observe an increased noise floor This is due to picking up the high frequencies of the program material In most cases the increased noise is greatly offset by the benefits of the bright and sparkling sound quality 6 11 Pre emphasis Limiting There are only two parameters to adjust here One parameter was set up when you created your Global preset the pre emphasis de emphasis characteristic What 1s left is to set the Hardness setting In the FM Pro the pre emphasis is created dynamically and automatically readjusted to prevent high fre quency overmodulation caused by the pre emphasis boost An embedded distributed clipper 15 associ ated with the final non overshooting 15KHz low pass filter of each channel This clipper catches all peak overshoot remaining after the dynamic pre emphasis limiting Setting the Hardness to 0 leaves little for the clipper the work being done dynamically but the soun
147. ng Esc once again will revert you all the way back to the Main Menu 4 5 1 2 View Password To observe without the option of editing the current password select F2 View Password from the Password Menu Press Esc to return to the Password Menu 4 5 1 3 Log in In the software version provided at the time of this writing this 1s a rather unnecessary menu option since you can t get to this option unless you are already logged in It 15 being reserved for a future software version which may include and expanded password security system Selecting this option brings you to a page similar to the Edit Password page In this case you enter the required password and upon selecting Save you get a validation screen which tells you if your password matches or is in error 4 5 1 4 Log out From the Password Menu select F4 Log Out and press Enter The Welcome to Aphex logo screen will pop up If a password is in effect the FM pro is now in a secure mode safe from tampering by unauthorized personnel 4 5 2 Presets From the Main Menu select F2 Presets and press Enter to go to the Presets Menu From here you can recall processing presets save current processing parameters to user presets view the list of presets or manage day parting functions The selections available are PRESETS MENU F1 Recall Preset F2 Save Preset F3 View list F4 Day Parting Page 4 2 4 5 2 1 Recall Preset SIx pages of pre
148. nvolving a data reduced digital STL Note If a linear uncompressed digital STL is used then it theoretically would be possible to maintain the FM pro at the studio and send the AES EBU output up the STL directly to a digital FM exciter At the time of this writing such an STL is available only on a T 1 wideband link However some T 1 equipment does rate conversion or other signal processing You need to test your link for digital overshoot prior to making a commitment to this operating method end 9 0 Using Digital Audio Model 2020 FM Pro Audio Processor Page 9 4 10 1 Stereo Generator Option Although the stereo generator 1s a field installable option we recommend ordering it factory installed This allows us to perform a thorough calibration of the unit for you However should you insist on doing it yourself you can rest assured it will perform well as long as you correctly follow the installation procedure Field installed stereo generator options are shipped with installation instructions which you should later insert in this manual preferably at the end of the present sec tion The FM Pro stereo generator is similar to the PPDM circuit used in the world renown Aphex Digicoder PPDM parallel path digital modulation technology is an Aphex exclusive patented method of generating a perfect stereo multiplex signal You may refer to Appendix 1 Stereo Generator Theory With PPDM Explained for detailed informat
149. o will automatically log you out after a period of inactivity The period will be either 1 or 5 hours depending on how it 1 set in the Main Menu Display Mode page Any front panel operation resets the timer back to zero so the lock out will not occur unless you remain logged in but leave the unit alone for a long enough period This is a very handy way of making sure the unit will return to a tamper proof mode should you walk away and forget to manually log out Note We suggest using the 1 hour Auto Lock Out if you are likely to receive frequent work interruptions During extended uninterrupted sessions use the 5 hour setting 8 4 Auto Save As a convenience to you the auto lock out feature will also save your current operating parameters to the Auto Save memory U16 when Auto Save is enabled This feature 15 activated through the same Main Menu Display Mode page where you find the Auto Lock Out time Note If the Auto Save feature is set OFF then the at the instant the Auto Lock Out function logs you out the FM Pro will revert back to the preset which was in effect at the time you logged in or the last preset you saved while working You will lose any unsaved work you did while you were logged in If the Auto Save feature is set ON then at the instant the Auto Lock Out function logs you out your new settings will be saved to memory U16 automatically named Auto Save and the FM Model 2020 FM Pro Audio Processor
150. odel 2020 FM Pro Audio Processor 15 0 Schematics HOS TWOdd AZOS 30061 911 58315345 02 022 894 05 5 TESSAN cz 5 0 MINIS Bd E i H t L 0 SIS aya gt 0807 IEEE o GNNOUDS ONY 5 AST Tiassa 9 EXE EHE ENY AEN 2 4405 2 MISS 2 133HS 2 NTZ 9MH1 i33HS orany 7 210 q M te AIEEE aby 86 51 AT 01 SHA m STe g 233 QXT oy 62809 STA oru 5 b gt EXE DENY JEN 3305 82 ant 492 Bra ARA I a 4 gt 4661 22 gt 661 92 gt 4661 12 323MH 2661 SO lt gt 9657 02 AAS MYW 2661 3 2 gt T T 02 das TAST 435 AST Ant ant Oro 85 ant apd 62 4 25 I 45 3 5490 55094348 H si T T T 345g E TOA ant ant 4017 azs 625 2 E b d ant Ant ant sz 229 822
151. of the Multiband Compressor bands The band gt lt band features refer to coupling between adjacent bands of the same channel When turned on the band gt lt band coupling is enacted in both channels at once The band gt lt band coupling does not produce any stereo coupling effect Both band gt lt band and L gt lt R coupling may be enacted simultaneously Note Multiband coupling features are con trolled in the Processing Multiband menu 3 1 6 1 L gt lt R Hard Couples the compression gain of left and right compressors directly 1 e whichever channel pro duces greater gain reduction controls the gain of both channels equally and at the same attack release rates 3 1 6 2 L gt lt R Elast L gt lt R Elastic Couples the compression gain of left and right compressors elastically 1 whichever channel produces greater gain reduction influences the the gain of the opposite channel through a slow averaging effect 3 1 6 3 1 gt lt 2 Couples the gain control of band 1 to the gain control of band 2 in such a way that whichever band produces the greater amount of gain reduction influences the the gain of the other band through a slow averaging effect 3 1 6 4 2 gt lt 3 Couples the gain control of band 2 to the gain control of band 3 in such a way that whichever band produces the greater amount of gain reduction influences the the gain of the other band through a slow averaging effect 3 1 6 5 3 gt lt 4 Couples
152. pectrum for transmission and large space for storage For example one channel of 16 bit sampled at 7 translates to more than 700 000 bits per second The requirement for ever larger drives and wider transmission systems has been answered in part by various methods of bit rate reduction Although sometimes called data compression they are all lossy systems which means that resolution 15 reduced thus the noise floor and distortion are increased while subtle sometimes not so subtle details of the audio are lost One of the prime methods of all the systems to reduce data is the use of the psychoacoustic principle of masking Essentially the theory states that a higher level signal will mask lower level signals within a certain frequency range surround ing the higher level signal frequency depending on the relative levels of the signals The higher the high level signal is in comparison to the low level signals the wider the masking frequency range The frequency range of the masking effect is called the critical band The bit rate reduction system discards the supposedly masked signals in the critical band and retains mainly the masking signals While there are differing opinions regarding the audibility of the artifacts of the various bit rate reduction schemes the controlled listening tests upon which the proponents have obtained accept able results have employed reproduction systems which were as flat as possible The
153. ponse typical 8 0 1 2 1 Coupling All Off Mode Stereo Pilot On Pilot Level 9 Model 2020 FM Pro Audio Processor Page 12 1 12 0 Product Specifications 12 3 Test Equipment Connections Figure 12 1 shows how equipment was arranged for development of the specifications It is not the intention here to instruct you specifically how to measure the specifications however Please refer to the section on test and calibration for detailed measurement instructions Figure 12 1 Test setup for the specifications relating to analog I O L amp R IN MPX OUT L amp R TEST MPX IN MEE LZ ONE BELAR FMSA 1 GENERATOR ANALYZER A P SYSTEM ONE 12 4 The Specifications 12 4 1 General Analog Internal Frequency Response to 70KHz 0 1dB Basic Pre emphasis Accuracy 0 1dB 20117 to 15K Hz disregarding any audio processing alterations Basic THD for all signals below clip threshold Demodulated MPX output OdB 1KHz tone input THD 0 0596 Active Process Distortion typical worst case Demodulated MPX output OdB 1KHz tone input CHR factory preset THD 0 596 Note This typifies peaks only and not signals below clip threshold Stereo Output Noise left or right channel CHR Factory preset 20Hz 20KHz measurement bandwidth re 100 modulation 70dB Mono Output Noise CHR Factory preset 20Hz 20K Hz measurement bandwidth re 10095 modulation 71dB
154. put signal amp volume 2 Monitor output signal amp volume Page 2 2 Figure 3 1 illustrates the front panel features of the FM Pro You may refer to that diagram for a quick summary of all available controls and indicators The following description taken in conjunction with the diagram will give you a very good understanding of all the features and controls their purpose and use 3 1 Metering and Status While other processors provide only drab jittery and inaccurate LCD meter displays and tell the status of structural functions only on buried menu pages the FM Pro provides the user with colorful front panel metering that 1s true and easy to read The major dynamic processes are metered by real time LED bar graph displays while the on off status of static functions are indicated by single LED s The state of all major functions of the FM Pro can therefore be observed at any time with one one glance at the front panel Following is a more detailed description of all the panel indicators 3 1 1 Input Meter Two yellow 10 segment bargraph meters are pro vided to indicate the stereo audio input level rela tive to the current input reference setting The scale indicates from 18dB to 9dB 3dB steps Note The input reference level is adjusted in the Processing I O menu Left and Right inputs are adjusted in tandem with one control in software For analog inputs set the input reference level to cause a program refe
155. r it is moved to the enable or disable position Second it can be used to reset the password in software to null blank by first booting up the unit with the jumper in the disable position and then reboot ing with the jumper in the enable position This jumper 15 located inside the unit on the front panel computer board assembly Note As shipped from the factory the hardware password jumper is set to enable and the pass word in software is blank 8 6 Access With Lost Password If for any reason you lose the password and are locked out of your FM Pro you can reset it to null and start over with a new password Doing this requires somewhat drastic measures discouraging unauthorized persons from gaining access to your Page 8 2 audio processing The only way to overcome an unknown password is to clear the password memory using the hardware password Jumper as follows 8 6 1 Clearing The Password Memory To reset the password to null remove ac power take out the the 14 cover screws and remove the cover Locate the password Jumper on the front panel computer board and move it to the disable position Apply power and boot up the unit You should now be able to access the Main Menu without a password Power down and move the jumper back to the enable position Replace the cover and restore the unit to operation You can now enter a new password or operate without a password PASSWORD JUMPER _ DISABLE ENABLE mH
156. r menu pages providing further choices To avoid confusion the individual presets are always referenced the same way and contain the same data wherever they are listed in the various menus 7 6 2 Recalling A Preset Action Select F1 from the Presets Menu When 1 15 selected the screen will show the page containing the last recalled preset and the cursor will point to that particular preset Note There are six pages in Recall Presets tree The page you are on 15 indicated at the upper right hand of the screen To scroll to another preset on the page use the up down cursor keys To turn to another page use the left right cursor keys To recall a preset set the cursor on the desired preset and press the Enter key The chosen preset will appear in the lower right corner of every screen return to the main menu press the Escape key Page 7 3 7 0 All About Presets MAIN MENU Fl Password gt F2 Presets F3 Processing F4 Remote link Enter function 12 06 PRESETS MENU Fl Recall preset F2 Save preset F3 View list FA Day Parting Enter function 12 06 RECALL PRESET SAVE PRESET UOl Globals gt 001 Globals 002 NO NAME U02 NO NAME U03 NO NAME U03 NO NAME U04 NO NAME U04 NO NAME Enter location Enter location OVERWRITE Name Globals Date Jan 15 1997 User Not defined Global preset Verify No Yes 12
157. r on the pc board including the heat sinks Observe all the printed cautions and refer servicing only to qualified personnel 14 4 Power Cord The Fm pro uses a standard IEC power cord set The appropriate mains plug for each country is normally shipped with each unit However if you must install or replace the plug use the correct wiring code as follows 14 5 Mounting In A Rack Model 2020 FM Pro Audio Processor element is a cellular elastomer which can simply be washed out in water and towel dried The filter can be removed and replaced while the unit is operating but be careful not to poke objects into the fan blade 14 7 Safety Considerations To minimize the risk of shock or fire do not expose the unit to moisture Allow adequate ventilation for cooling Do not open the chassis cover there are no user serviceable parts inside Installation should be performed only by qualified individuals It is the installer s responsibility to insure his personal safety and the safety of others Page 14 1 in the work area It 15 never a good idea to work alone in the vicinity of high power electrical and radio frequency equipment 14 8 Analog Balanced VO 14 8 1 Standard Wiring The analog inputs and outputs are RFI protected and utilize industry standard 3 pin female XLR jacks Connections are by the industry standard pinout as follows 14 8 2 Main Input Wiring For maximum RFI suppression pin 1 is connected directly to
158. r preset is selected press Enter next screen is labeled Overwrite If you didn t want to save the changes you could choose by pressing the Escape key and you will be brought back to Save Preset Menu Since you do want to save the changes press the Enter key Once you have chosen to save the changes the next screen is Enter Name If you want to keep the name already on the preset use the curser keys to move the cursor past the existing name over to Save and press the Enter key If you want to create a new name for the preset pick the desired characters by scrolling through the alphanumerics using the Spin Dial Press Enter to select each character as you build the name After Enter 18 pressed the cursor will automatically move ahead one space You can also move the cursor manually using the left right cursor keys For a blank space use the position after the number 9 and press Enter After you have created the name scroll to Save and press the Enter key Once you have entered save in the menu the New Preset screen appears to ask for verification It will show the name for the preset Model 2020 FM Pro Audio Processor 7 0 All About Presets you ve entered and will update the date to the current date It will also show the name of the user who is currently logged in It will ask you to verify Yes of No You still have a chance to back out and
159. r presets currently in the FM Pro and allowing you to chose one Page 11 4 location for your new preset Once you chose the location chck Save The preset editor opens and allows you to name the preset and add other information When you again click Save the information will be uploaded to the FM presets memory 11 10 The View Menu This menu gives you several useful choices such as the current on air preset day parting status and unit info from the FM Pro You can readily find out what software version is running on the FM Pro through this menu end Model 2020 FM Pro Audio Processor 11 0 Remote Operation Page 11 5 12 0 Product Specifications 12 1 Getting Meanineful Numbers Once an audio processor exceeds the simplest single band structure traditional performance specifications tend to become irrelevant The usual test tone measurements will almost never reflect the performance of the processor under normal operating conditions Specifications for dynamic conditions if possible to measure would require specially built measuring instruments unavailable to the user Therefore the user would be incapable of verifying the specifications The above facts notwithstanding there is a demand from various entities for a set of standard specifications The following list constitutes a rational set of specifications based upon typical or normal operation of the unit The user should be able to verify these specifications by d
160. rder butterworth response Its purpose 18 to cut off low frequency rumble other noise which may be encountered in some systems 5 3 2 2 16 5 Hz Lowpass Filter This has a fifth order butterworth response for the purpose of cleaning up ultrasonic noise which 1s sometimes encountered in an STL or other audio system It does not perform the lowpass filtering for the stereo generator and Is a totally separate filter This pre processing filter 18 not overshoot compensated but that is not of consequence since all processing including peak limiting occurs after this filter 5 2 2 3 Spectral Phase Refractor SPR The SPR filter is a fourth order allpass filter designed to enhance the clarity and detail of sound psychoacoustically It spreads apart the phase of frequencies particularly in the 100 to 400Hz frequency range in such a manner that it seems to advance the phase of certain bass frequencies The ear responds by detecting more detail and apparently more bass energy The ear also hears a less masked high end since the transient edges are slid somewhat apart in time and are thus more detectable as individual events A second advantage of the SPR filter 18 that it scrambles the phase of voice frequencies to make the voice waveforms more symmetrical on the average This can help tame certain voices that tend to distort through processing Model 2020 FM Pro Audio Processor 5 3 2 4 Pre emphasis Assist Equalizer This equ
161. re unavailable you may may construct the cable according to the wiring diagram of figure 11 3 9 PIN 25 PIN FEMALE MALE 1 2 RXD RXD 2 3 TXD TXD 3 T 4 DIR DTR 420 FM Pro 5 SG SG 7 Modem 6 DSR DSR 6 7 RTS RTS 4 8 CTS CTS 45 9 NC Figure 11 3 Modem to FM Pro Serial Cable 11 3 2 2 PC To Modem You may use either an internal or an external modem with your PC If using an external modem you ll need a standard serial cable from the PC serial port to the modem You must not use a null modem cable Your PC can have either a 25 pin or 9 serial port therefore you need to get the appropriate cable and possibly an adapter For a 25 pin serial port the proper cable contains a 9 PIN 25 PIN FEMALE MALE j cp cp 48 S LB 1020 3 TXD TXD 43 To 4 DTR 20 To PC 5 SG SG 7 Modem 6 DSR DSR 6 7 RTS RTS 4 8 CTS CTS 5 9 NC 25 PIN 25 PIN FEMALE MALE cD cp a 2 RXD RXD 2 20 DIR DTR 420 To 7 SG SG 7 Modem 6 K DSR DSR 46 4 RTS RTS 44 5 CTS CTS 45 Figure 11 4 Modem to PC Cables Model 2020 FM Pro Audio Processor 11 0 Remote Operation 25 pin male and a 25 pin female connector For a 9 pin serial port the proper cable contains a 25 pin male and a 9 pin female connector If off the shelf ca
162. re were no dynamics processors such as audio compression and equalization placed in the reproducing system This means that data compression techniques are not designed with the anticipation that any dynam ics processing will be used In broadcasting this can be a problem Dynamics processing by definition will change the level relationships between high level and low level signals Since the most common form of broadcast audio processing is dynamic range compression the high level signals will be reduced in level in comparison to the low level signals Multiband audio processing will continuously change the masking relationships of the sound This explains why data compressed digital audio subjected to broadcast audio processing will often become excep tionally dirty and grungy because the masking algorithm presumed for data compression becomes greatly violated It would seem that if one must use a data com pressed digital audio link it would be better to place the link after the FM Pro rather than before In that way the FM pro could receive uncompressed digital audio process it then send the processed audio out to the digital link whereby the digital data compression would not be subjected to further audio processing The problem with this proposal is that the highly processed audio from the FM Pro is too dense to fit the supposed masking parameters for inaudible digital data reduction The data reduc tion processor has to ma
163. rence tone to read zero VU The digital audio input automatically sets 0VU reference to 10dB below digital maximum peak reference 3 1 2 Leveling Meter This red dot mode 10 segment meter indicates the amount of automatic gain correction that is created by the leveler The leveler gain control is applied equally to both audio channels The scale indicates up to 15 dB of gain addition and 7 5 dB of gain reduction The amount of activity that is seen in this meter will vary widely depending on program material and the settings of the leveler gate param eters Note Control for the Leveling function is locat ed in the Processing Leveler Gate section of the control menu Model 2020 FM Pro Audio Processor 3 0 The User Interface 3 1 3 Multiband Compressor Four green 10 segment bargraph meters labeled Low Mid 1 Mid 2 and High indicate the amount of gain reduction taking place in each of the four compression frequency bands up to a maximum of 15dB Since the multiband compres sor 1s a two channel process 8 meters would ordi narily be required to display all bands For con venience however the front panel meters merge the dual channel indications into one set of four displays Each band meter displays the greater amount of gain reduction of the left and right channel at all times Note All multiband compression parameters are controlled in the control menu under Processing Multiband 3 1 4 Limit
164. ro Audio Processor Page 12 3 12 0 Product Specifications 12 4 5 Digital Output Configuration Two channel AES EBU standard sampling Rate Input clock slaved or independently selected at 32 44 1 or 48KHz Connector XLR 3 Pin Female EMI Suppressed Pin 1 chassis ground Pins 2 amp 3 transformer balanced and floating Output Data 5176 20 bits Output Frequency Response to 20KHz 0 1dB 12 4 6 Composite Baseband Output Configuration single output with output level control Source Impedance 10 ohms suitable to drive long or short coaxial cable Load Impedance 50 ohms or greater Output Level Adjustable from 0 to 13V peak to peak with multiturn output control Connector BNC EMI Suppressed Maximum recommended cable length 100ft RG58A U or equivalent Use low capacitance coax for best results Pilot Level Adjustable 7 to 11 mix Frequency Stability Pilot and subcarrier 10ppm 50 to 80 deg C ambient Stereo Generator Technology Aphex patented Parallel Path Digital Modulation PPDM Pilot Phase Error 0 degrees guaranteed by PPDM design Spurious Output better than 72dB above 55K Hz typical lt 85dB Subcarrier Rejection better than 60dB Model 2020 FM Pro Audio Processor Page 12 4 12 0 Product Specifications Harmonic Distortion Better than 0 003 within stereo generator Intermodulation Distortion Better than 0 003 within stereo generator Frequency Response 1Hz to 15KHz 77 1 0 1dB
165. s I 12 Model 2020 FM Pro Audio Processor C 1 C2 C3 C6 CS C9 C11 Cap Polyester 0 2 L S Cap Tant Cap Electrolytic 35V Cap Electrolytic 25V Diode Philips BAT85 3M P N 2520 5002 UG Inductor Transistor MJE180 Motorola 2N3906 MJE170 Motorola 2N3904 Resistor Tin Oxide Film Resistor Tin Oxide Film Resistor Tin Oxide Film Resistor Tin Oxide Film Resistor Carbon Film Resistor Tin Oxide Film Resistor Tin Oxide Film Resistor Tin Oxide Film Resistor Tin Oxide Film Resistor Tin Oxide Film Resistor Tin Oxide Film Resistor Tin Oxide Film Resistor Tin Oxide Film Resistor Tin Oxide Film Resistor Tin Oxide Film Resistor Tin Oxide Film Resistor Tin Oxide Film Resistor Tin Oxide Film Resistor carbon film 1 2 W Resistor Tin Oxide Film Resistor Tin Oxide Film Resistor Tin Oxide Film Resistor Tin Oxide Film Resistor Carbon Film Resistor Network 8 Pin Isolated IC AES EBU receiver CS8412 CP IC D A converter dual CS4329 KP IC op amp bipolar dual NE5532 IC op amp bi fet dual LF353 IC A D converter dual CS5390 KP IC AES EBU transmit CS8402 ACP IC CMOS inverter hex 74HCU04 IC CMOS MUX dual 74HC153 IC CMOS flip flop dual 74HC74 IC PAL AMD PALCE16V8H 15 Variable Capacitor trimmer Trimpot PT10H Crystal 12 288 MHz 20 ppm 0 Crystal 11 2896 MHz 20 ppm 0 Crystal 8 192 MHz 20 ppm 0 7 PC Board 4 Layer IC Socket
166. s filters d Output ready for any stereo generator Optional digital I O module a AES EBU format up to 20 bits b Selectable output sample rate 32K 44 1K 48K c Auto lock on for input rates of 32K 44 1K or 48K d Input and output sample rates separately selectable a b C d e f g h i Model 2020 FM Pro Audio Processor 9 Optional Digicoder stereo generator module a Digicoder type PPDM stereo generator b Analog multiplex output c stereo mono mode switching d Pilot on off e trimmable multiplex output level 10 Digital remote control a RS232 digital interface b Windows 3 1 or 95 virtual control panel software c Complete operating capabilities d Complete visual real time meter displays e Password security options 11 Front panel user interface LCD graphics panel display Password security features Rotary encoder knob Up Down L R cursor buttons Menu selection system Real time LED bargraph meters for 1 Leveling 2 4 band compression 3 Limiting 4 Stereo input VU Real time LED indicators for 16 5KHz Lowpass 20Hz Highpass 50 75uS Pre emphasis SPR Analog In selected Digital in selected Digital data presence DVG Sticky on off Silence gate L gt lt R hard couple L gt lt R elastic couple 1 gt lt 2 couple 2 gt lt 3 couple 3 gt lt 4 couple Analog output presence Digital output presence Bypass on off Headphone monitor selector 1 Monitor in
167. se are not installed then the final output of the FM Pro would come directly from the multiband limiter The Insert loop which is not a structural element per se adds yet another dimension to the FM Pro s processing architecture You can insert an external device such as an equalizer or Aural Exciter tm at the optimal location between the leveler and multiband compressor The following detailed descriptions will refer to the complete block diagram of figure 5 2 5 3 Input Control And Conditioning Several basic functions comprise the input condi tioning structure of the FM pro As shown in figure 5 2 these are 1 Input Gain 2 20Hz Highpass Filter 3 16 5KHz Lowpass Filter 4 Pre emphasis Assist Filter Model 2020 FM Pro Audio Processor Page 5 1 5 0 Detailed Audio Processing Description 5 Spectral Phase Refractor 6 Analog Digital Input Select 5 3 1 Input Selection The analog input signal is passed through a digi tally controlled gain stage serving as an input reference normalizer The output of this stage is nominally at OdBu for a refence input level A digitally controlled selector gathers either the normalized analog input signal or the output of the 20 bit D A converter 5 3 2 Filters The analog digital input selector feeds four filters which are each bypassable through the digital controls These filters are described as follows 5 3 2 1 20Hz Highpass Filter This filter has a second o
168. second Don t do this test by unplugging the audio lines from the FM Pro You need to see the natural noise floor of the program feed 6 6 5 Leveling rate The attack of the leveler is approximately two times faster than the indicated rate In other words if the leveler rate 18 set to 10 it will take about 5 seconds to attack and reduce the gain by 10dB and it will take 10 seconds to release back and increase the gain by 10dB In the context of leveling a rate of 2 seconds the fastest rate of the FM Pro should be considered quite fast If your program tends to change levels very quickly as typically occurs between the microphones of live interview shows you may want to use the fastest leveling rate of 2 seconds In such a case you can turn on the Sticky leveler with a 1 to 2dB window to help Page 6 2 reduce the perception of gain riding If you are processing mixed programming and want to leave a sense of texture in the mix then you should use a moderate rate in the range of 7 to 14 seconds Note The leveling rates associated with the factory presets are pretty close to ideal for their formats We suggest you use the presets as a basis to your own leveler adjustments 6 7 Multiband Compression This 1s where you will do the most to design your sound be sure this element of the FM Pro 18 the most difficult to teach because the optimum parameters tend to be interdependent You will have to experiment with the adjustmen
169. sets will be displayed From here you can instantly put any available preset on the air To do so move to the page containing the desired preset and move the pointer to the preset you want Press Enter and the preset will be transferred to the FM Pro s processing parameters The transfer occurs softly so you won t hear any pops as the parameters change There are two pages of factory presets labeled 01 through 08 and four pages of user presets labeled U01 through 16 Refer to section 7 of this manual for information about building and using presets 4 5 2 2 Save Preset From this menu you can save the processor settings currently running in the FM Pro to any user preset memory All six pages of presets are made avail able just as in the Recall Preset menu You will be informed that you can t save to a factory preset location if you attempt to do so To save to a user preset move to the page containing the preset memory you want and move the pointer to the correct location on the page Press Enter to send the current processing parameters to that preset You will be asked to overwrite the old preset even if it was not yet used You press YES and the ENTER NAME page will appear This page operates exactly as the Edit Password page Select a character from the character table using the spin dial and press Enter to place the character at the cursor position The cursor will automatically advance one more space Repeat the proc
170. sistor PNP SI 2N3906 49K9 100K 16 0 Parts Lists 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 1 5 1 5 5 1 1 1 2 2 Tol 5 2 5 5 20 10 5 2 5 5 20 20 1 1 120 7684 120 1584 120 1025 120 1007 120 2495 120 4993 120 1655 120 1504 120 2104 120 1374 120 8255 070 1008 120 6195 070 2407 120 1824 070 3304 070 6803 120 1003 120 3326 120 2005 140 0120 140 1350 490 0140 480 0040 490 0300 480 0900 490 0460 480 0240 490 0600 460 0100 460 0060 480 1620 420 0200 420 0160 770 4160 310 0020 310 0040 310 0080 040 0040 840 0720 Aphex P N 160 0020 190 1380 190 0340 225 0020 190 0760 190 0840 190 1560 190 1360 235 0020 200 0040 220 0020 190 1720 470 0040 290 0620 310 0920 310 0800 530 0260 500 0160 500 0180 120 4995 120 1006 Page 16 6 R24 R33 22 6 R4 R36 R38 R55 R58 R68 15K0 1 120 1505 23 20 R5 R6 R8 R21 R29 R30 Resistor Tin Oxide Film 10 1 120 1005 R31 R34 R35 R40 R41 R43 R47 R48 R49 R50 R51 R52 R60 R61 24 1 R7 Resistor Tin Oxide Film 3K83 1 120 3834 25 2 R9 R11 Resistor Tin Oxide Film 42K2 1 120 4225 26 2 R10 R62 Resistor Tin Oxide Film 4K99 1 120 4994 27 1 R12 Resistor Tin Oxide Film 5K62 1 120 5624 28 4 R13 R18 R19 R25 Resistor Tin Oxide Film 402R 1 120 4023 29 1 R20 Resistor Tin Oxide Film 909R 1 1
171. sovers Band mixing Adjustable release timing Band to band coupling Hard and elastic stereo linking Proprietary VC A s N GO 1 Q 9 5 6 1 Post Crossover Method Conventional multiband compressors generate the frequency bands ahead of the VCA s and compres sion detectors In the FM Pro the band filters have been placed after the VCA s hence the term post crossover Although some technical obstacles needed to be overcome certain advantages were gained by this technique First the total noise gained by adding together the sum of four VCA s would normally cause the output noise to rise by 6dB With the post crossover method there is no noise increase because only the noise of each that can pass through its own band filter 15 added to the sum Second since the lower three bands comprise lowpass or bandpass post VCA responses much of the harmonic distortion in the caused by control ripple will be filtered out 5 6 2 Wave Dependent Compression WDC Aphex perfected it s Easy Rider the commercial name we gave to the wave dependent compressor compression algorithm and first applied it to studio compressors with great success We found it also made a perfect multiband compressor in con junction with the post crossover method The WDC comprises a convoluting detector arrange ment which acts as a peak responding fast compres sor a slow averaging compressor and both at once Th
172. speeding up the time until you reach a sweet spot When all bands are at the same time setting you get a more cohesive sound All the bands will tend to recover at the same rate which reduces the effect of obvious dynamic equalization Another strategy for setting the band releases is to set all the bands to a slow or moderate time and speed up the bands you want boosted or emphasized For example you may want to brighten up the mix so speed up B3 and 4 making B4 the fastest You may want to peak up the midrange so speed up B3 only etc Varying the band releases in conjunction with varying the band mix will bring you to an optimal compromise between a desired overall tonal rebalance and the Page 6 3 desired dynamic program enhancement 6 7 4 Band Mix This 18 where you can set the overall tonal balance of the program You should start with all bands at OdB and then boost or cut bands as desired It is not correct to assume that OdB all bands contribute to a flat frequency response With a mul tiband compressor the above threshold frequency response 18 always changing depending on the gain reduction of each band In addition the bands may have different band center gain if the crossovers are not tuned sufficiently apart in frequency It is therefore incumbent upon you to set the band mixes according to the ear and not by estimation or assumption When tuning the band mix you may end up with none of the bands r
173. ssible to avoid noise pickup Remember digital audio signals are equivalent to radio frequency transmission and can suffer similar propagation anomalies To avoid generating or receiving interference pay attention to proper assembly of the XLR cable connectors 9 1 1 Cable Pinout The following is the correct wiring pinout for AES EBU cables Pin 1 shield Pin 2 positive signal Pin 3 negative signal 9 2 AES EBU Synchronization The AES EBU receiver will lock up to incoming sample rates between 25 and 55 kilosamples per second KS s Once lockup occurs the FM Pro s AES EBU status screen will display the standard incoming rates of 32K 44 1K and 48KS s The received digital audio bitstream is subsequently fed to the analog to digital converter AES SIAIUS Transmit rate SLAVE Source UFF rate 44 1 error value Figure 9 1 Processing AES Status Menu 9 3 Digital To Analog Conversion The FM pro utilizes a no compromise 20 bit digi tal to analog converter to receive the AES EBU digital input signal and generate high quality analog for audio processing We realize that at the present time there 15 virtually no chance that full 20 bit digital audio will be available to the FM Pro However developments presently in progress will soon open the door to vast improvements in broadcast digital audio The FM pro will be ready for all such improvements Furthermore use of a 20 bit a d converter assures there will
174. ssing within the digital domain It is desirable to have the highest sample rate possible and the largest number of bits pos sible The transmission and storage of digital audio requires a data bandwidth directly proportional to sample rate and geometrically proportional to the data size number of bits System economies forbid extravagant quantizing and sampling of digital audio and compromises must be reached Unfortunately the compromises needed to make digital audio practical for most purposes are severe For this reason not only is the digital audio found in broadcasting usually of low sample rate and quantizing 32K S s 16 bits but there may also be lossy data compression applied Lossy data compression for example Musicam or Apt X will bring down the required data band width but causes further degradation of the sound Whether the degradation is audible depends on the listener s criticality of course and upon many other factors Multiple compression passes may be encountered in a complex distribution path and each compression stage may build upon the last causing severe damage to the sound For this reason it 1s advisable to always avoid using compressed data pathways As stated before the sound quality of digital audio improves as resolution is increased It is therefore good practice to maximize the analog signal input amplitude to the analog to digital converter in order to obtain the maximum available digital reso
175. stantly readjust the volume control Bringing together the sound levels of a program 18 called Leveling Model 2020 FM Pro Audio Processor 18 2 2 Peak Limiting The peaks of a program don t necessarily relate directly to the sound level as our ears detect it If the leveling was done to satisfy the ear then there remains a great deal of peak variability in the audio stream This can cause problems in trying to get a full level of performance from the streaming audio encoder It 1s therefore desirable addition to leveling the program to cause the peak audio levels to be limited to a maximum value and preferably at relatively lower values than they originally occur This 18 because the analog to digital conversion and the subsequent digital data compression algorithms all relate to the peak level of the audio stream If the audio peaks are processed to be consistent and predictable in level then the streaming audio encoder can be driven to full scale encoding without ever having an overload occur There will be no need to allow excessive headroom for occasional high peak levels This results in better sound encoding at all bit rates 18 2 3 Designing the Sound Beyond the technical reasons for using audio pro cessing there is the notion of aesthetics Some may relate this to competitiveness The worldwide web has an ever growing abundance of streaming audio sources to choose from With such a great amount of competition
176. t 4 5 EE god STEERER EERE Rew ET RRR Re PORES EER eee 96 22 90 H 5g83383M 145 26 62 60 33 46 0T bO AZM M3325S 51559 5 32455 QuHUOS SIHL 0085 JHU ANY SISSUHO OL 5 284525 9 1 3NUd 1 1 1 4 M332S SISSUHS AND 14 C5122 QN3S 01 lt 514 gt QN3S 01 1534 934 542 AQU3M 135 9194 C952 QN lONO 5 15 041053 49934 TSNIH331 9194 Q3LLIIMSNUMI 0100 03 3338 52 123134 uH3lIHHUD NId 6 2zzz 6 8 9 s t Page 15 4 Model 2020 Pro Audio Processor 15 0 Schematics 28 9H vM ru La A 0 P 719 7 Q17 SW31SAS 53000 0304315 9 001 022 4 ZTOT83vZ 5390415 NEWL IX 979 14 191016 77777 B3IIHIT 0 0 4441 25949 aB 228 140 dalli 311 8H 4 seHLI LI TE Isle NOILdO ao aye 23 19151 427 3954 P T 155 gt Zd 2539 lt 1 p 9 04 05394 HT 2 M mo iiils L o
177. t IC 8 pin Socket IC 20 pin 0 3 wide Socket IC 16 pin Socket IC 14 pin Description Front Panel Assembly Bracket Assembly Card Guide Chassis Assembly Fan Screw 6 32 X 5 5 Ph F H Black Nut 6 32 KEPS Rear Panel Assembly BNC Filter Assembly Screw 4 40 X 3 5 Ph Pan Cover Metal anodize and chem film Processing paint Cover Foam Rubber UL94V 1 card retainer strip Adhesive Screw 4 40 X 1 4 F H S S 100 Deg Screw 6 32 X 1 4 Ph Pan Black Screw 446 32 X 3 5 Ph Oval 1 Screw 84 40 X 4 Ph Pan 050 3360 mtg Standoff 4 40 X 1 X 114 Hex 050 3360 mtg Handle Screw 46 32 X Ph Pan Washer split ring 6 Screw 7 32 X 3 8 Ph Oval 1 Screw 88 32 X 3 4 Ph Pan 2 Nut 88 32 KEPS 2 Nut 78 32 hex 2 Washer 8 star external tooth 2 Washer flat 78 2 Screw 74 40 X 1 2 Ph Pan zinc 3 Screw 44 40 X 1 4 Ph Pan black 4 Screw 46 32 X 1 4 Ph F H 100 deg 5 Standoff 74 40 X 7 16 X 1 4 Hex 6 Screw 44 40 X 1 4 Ph Pan black 6 end Model 2020 FM Pro Audio Processor 16 0 Parts Lists 480 1260 490 0140 460 0120 460 0060 170 0040 420 0980 420 0020 420 0040 440 0080 770 4420 310 1480 310 0020 310 0220 310 0060 310 0040 060 0020 060 0080 060 0060 600 0020 795 1660 780 0120 060 0040 060 0100 795 1600 675 1850 040 3800 795 1340 795 1040 795 0600 795 0260 790 1400 840 2350 795 0920 800 0600 795 0600 795 1380 780 0260 780
178. t This requires an aggressive peak limiter which can strip off peaks of the audio envelope without generating objection able distortion In addition there 15 a great demand to create strong bass energy in music programs The heavy compression and limiting needed to gather loudness tends to restrict the bass rather than expand it The interactive bass processor and limiter of the FM Pro solve this problem both Model 2020 FM Pro Audio Processor elegantly and effectively 5 7 1 Warm Bass Equalizer The audio signal form the multiband compressor passes through the Master Drive MDAC under control of the microcontroller serving as a limiter drive control The Warm Bass equalizer is wrapped in a feedback loop involving the master drive signal Up to 18dB of bass boost 18 available at this point having a boost curve as shown in figure 5 3 below Figure 5 3 Warm Bass Equalizer Curves 20 16 100 14 m 5 10 0 Wa 75 6 4 50 25 0 20 200 2K 20K Frequency Hz The Warm Bass Eq curve gives a musical and warm lift to the low end of audio spectrum without fully isolating the bass from the midrange Excessive warm bass boost may cause the sound to get muddy Just the right amount in combination with the proper multiband adjustments and sub bass eq will provide unusually satisfying
179. t sense to process the sound only in the digital domain Why then did we build the Model 2020 in the analog domain The fact is that digital audio processing is very limited in it s capabilities especially sound quality This is because digital audio is time sampled and quan tized Digital audio processors have to contend with many many approximations within their math ematical algorithms and inevitably generate digital distortions from truncation rounding and aliasing That is why digitally processed sound is edgy and dry It may have an impressive zippy or splashy quality at first listen but that effect quickly becomes irritating Analog processing especially with the advanced circuits of the Model 2020 is inherently free of these aberrations To provide the means to interface with a digital audio system we included an optional 20 Bit AES EBU input output module The digital input is converted to analog processed then converted back to digital Any small quality loss that may be experienced through the converters is overshadowed by the greatly improved sound quality of the analog processing 18 5 How to Use the Model 2020 Generally you will interface the Model 2020 between the audio source and the streaming media encoder When the encoder is an external hardware box that becomes relatively easy because you can gain direct access to the encoder s analog or digital audio input However if the encoder is in software then
180. the gain control of band 3 to the gain control of band 4 in such a way that whichever band produces the greater amount of gain reduction influences the the gain of the other band through a slow averaging effect 3 1 7 Output Status LEDs Three LED s are provided to show the processor output status analog digital or bypass Page 3 3 Note The output controls are located in the Processing Input Output menu 3 1 7 1 Analog Indicates if the analog output is turned on The analog output is permanently selected unless the digital audio option 18 installed in which case the user can select analog out digital out or both at once 3 1 7 2 Digital When the digital audio option is installed this light indicates 1 the digital output 1 turned on 3 1 7 3 Bypass In bypass mode the analog input jacks are relay connected directly to the analog output jacks and the AES EBU input jacks are relay connected directly to the AES EBU output jacks The bypass mode can be user selected and automatically occurs when the power 18 off 3 1 8 LCD Display All operating menus and messages will appear on this LCD display Refer to section 4 Navigating The Menus for detailed information on using the menu system 3 2 Front Panel Controls The Fm Pro utilizes a sophisticated yet intuitive method of user interface The right side of the front panel comprises the user controls By means of LCD menus the navigation control keys and
181. the output monitor The input monitor taps the unaltered input signal Note The volume of the input and output signals can be set independently in the Processing input Output menu end Page 3 4 The flow chart of Figure 4 1 illustrates the entire menu tree of the FM Pro You may find referring to the chart helpful while reading this section of the manual 4 1 Introduction To The Menu Display The Liquid Crystal Display LCD menu system of the FM Pro 1 designed to be logical and easy to understand Without any instruction at all you would probably be able to find your way around and control the unit through your own exploration Note The various menus all branch from the Main Menu You gain access to the Main Menu by first passing through the password security check if it is activated Refer to section 8 Password Security System for information about enabling and disabling the password requirement The LCD display has a number of features that give the user an indication of the present location within the menu the time of day the current on air preset and any parameter being adjusted Following is a detailed description of the various menu features 4 2 Menu Display Features 4 0 Navigating The Menus you are in a functional control menu such as the PROCESSING menu then you will see up to four function options labeled F1 F2 F3 F4 per page Each page of a multiple page menu will continue from the previous p
182. the proper performance of your Model 2020 you must return the unit to the factory or one of our overseas factory autho rized service centers We continuously put new technical information on the worldwide web at www aphex com 2020 Be sure to check it occasionally to discover if any pertinent information is available concerning the problems you may be experiencing 13 2 Quick Confidence Check 13 2 1 Purpose Some customers may wish to test their FM Pro to see if everything is working correctly This 18 a fast and easy test to verify nominal operation of nearly all parameters Each unit undergoes this confidence test at the factory just prior to ship ping 13 2 2 Test Procedure You will need a pink noise generator equivalent to what 15 supplied in the Audio Precision System One analyzer You do not need an analyzer only the signal generator 1 Set the pink noise output to 6dBu and feed only one channel of the model 2020 2 Set up the 2020 as follows unspecified param eters are not important Input No filters Input ref 4dBu Leveler 2Sec 15 15 all other options OFF Multiband 300 1200 3400 Drive OdB All releases at 10 All mixes at OdB all coupling OFF Limiter Master Drive 6 everything else at 0 Pre emp Limiter 75uSec Pre De Model 2020 FM Pro Audio Processor 13 0 Test amp Calibration 3 The panel meters should now indicate as fol lows VU Meter 9dB Leveling 0 Multiband
183. tion to consider is format The type of music will dictate the overall processing amount equalization and personality An FM processing system 15 designed to control modula tion primarily but as competition in the market place has increased so has the need to aggressively process the audio signal to increase apparent loud ness It goes without saying that a radio station that can sound different and even better than the competition can be at some sort of an advantage in the ratings revenue game At Aphex we believe that high quality and the ability to be competitive in audio processing can go hand in hand Once the format type is determined choose a similar factory preset that will give you a starting place in getting the sound desired Copy the factory preset to a User preset location and name it Then recall that preset and begin the fun of making adjustments Concentrate immediately on the mechanics Is the Input level correct Is the modulation level appro priate Is the pilot level correct Make the neces sary adjustments to bring the above parameters to the desired levels then save those settings to the Globals preset Now go back and insure that you Page 6 5 6 0 Setting Up processine are currently using the preset that was selected and named above The processor is now able to be customized to fit the stations needs Provided modulation level and density are close to expectations the equalization of t
184. to the demands of FM broadcasting Competition ready the FM Pro is completely adjustable from detailed and neutral to heavy and loud Thanks to the numerous design innovations even at extreme settings exceptional audio quality is maintained Unlike the competing digital or analog audio processors which afford relatively little flexibility the FM Pro is a virtually sound Model 2020 FM Pro Audio Processor 2 0 Product Description designer s palette allowing you to paint a truly unique and competitive on air sound Don t be misled however the FM Pro can just as well be set up to sound as neutral and transparent as desired Modular design makes the FM Pro space saving and cost efficient compared to other processors Plug in options are easily field installed and can be shipped to specification Sixteen recallable user presets are provided for manual selection or day part automation For convenience eight factory presets covering a variety of formats are built in to get you up and running quickly Day part automation 15 completely self contained and driven by an accurate internal clock calendar timer Front panel operation is made easy and intuitive through the logical menu tree An RS232 port permits remote control and monitoring of the FM Pro from almost any location through the use of a standard personal computer and a serial cable or modem A simple but effective supervised password system can be engaged to maintain security over the
185. tomatically taken to memory You do not have to save the settings Action Turn day parting back on From the Parting Menu curser down to Parting Status and use the Spin Dial to turn it on Action You re done already The day parting is now set and operating the globals are set and you know how to wander through the menus and recall or save presets 7 7 Summary You have now learned the flexible yet simple preset system of the FM Pro and no doubt you are feeling all warm and fuzzy about that We hope you will now take advantage of the many possibilities offered by the FM Pro live long and prosper Model 2020 FM Pro Audio Processor 7 0 All About Presets end Page 7 6 9 0 Password Security System KKK KK Ck lt lt k ck ck ck ck ck ck k ck k x lt lt WELCOME TO APHEX SYSTEMS 01 32 00 PM Software Version 1 00 ACkCckckckckckckck ck YES password NO enabled ENABLE JUMPER LOG IN VERIFY ENTER PASSWORD Pass Clr Save Password not req CDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTU VWXYZabcdefghijklmnop arstuvwxyz0123456789 Enter key password ok PASSWORD ERROR LOG IN VERIFY Press key to retry Password valid Lost your password See manual for help Enter key Enter key MAIN MENU gt 1 Password F2 Presets F3 Processing F4 Remote link Figure 8 1 Password System Enter
186. tor For 75 microsecond opera tion the pre emphasis assist equalizer of the input control and conditioning section is activated as previously described Left and right channels are separate and discrete but identical in every way Each channel of processing comprises controlled dynamic pre emphasis generator and a non overshooting 15KHz lowpass filter clipper The dynamic pre emphasis generator limits the pre emphasis induced peak overshoot by sliding the pre emphasis curve to the right on the frequency axis Figure 5 7 illustrates the range of pre emphasis values which are produced dynamically The Hardness control sets a range limit on the pre emphasis slippage for the purpose of preserving more high frequency energy at the potential cost Figure 5 7 Typical Range of Dynamic Pre emphasis Pre emphasis Response dB 200 2K 20K Frequency Hz of increased clipping distortion Final peak control after pre emphasis is by means of clippers embed ded in the non overshoot lowpass filters The out put of the non overshoot lowpass filter constitutes FM Pro s the final processed output signal 5 10 PPDM Stereo Generator This is another optional module for the FM Pro When installed it receives the final processed audio signal from the Pre emphasis Limiter and generates a stable and precise multiplex output Page 5 7 5 0 Detai
187. tor Tin Oxide Film 1M00 Resistor Tin Oxide Film 24K9 Resistor Tin Oxide Film 499R Resistor Tin Oxide Film 16K5 Resistor Tin Oxide Film 1K50 Resistor Tin Oxide Film 2 10 Resistor Tin Oxide Film 1 37 Resistor Tin Oxide Film 82K5 Resistor Tin Oxide Film 10M Resistor Tin Oxide Film 61K9 Resistor Tin Oxide Film 2M4 Resistor Tin Oxide Film 1K82 Resistor Tin Oxide Film 3K3 Resistor Carbon Film 680R Resistor Tin Oxide Film 100R Resistor Tin Oxide Film 332K Resistor Tin Oxide Film 20 0 Resistor Network 8 Isolated 10K Resistor Network 6 Pin Isolated 10KI6 IC Op Amp Dual JFET LF353 LM311 IC Op Amp Dual Bipolar 5532 IC VC Attenuator VCA1001 IC Op Amp Quad JFET LF347 IC Comparator Dual LM393 DAC Multiplying Triple MAX512 IC NOR Quad CMOS CD4001 CD4016 IC Voltage Reference TLA31 CLP Trimpot PT10H IK IT Trimpot PT10H 100 1T PC Board 100 Tested IC Socket 8 Pin IC Socket 14 Pin IC Socket 18 Pin Heat Spreader Test Point Description Value Cap Mica 10pf Cap Polypropylene Oluf Cap Polyester 04 7uf Cap Elec Non Polar Music 22uf Cap Polyester 33uf Cap Polyester dut Cap Polyester 0022uf Cap Polyester ATuf Cap Monolithic Ceramic Z5U luf Cap Electrolytic 22uf Cap Tant luf Cap Polyester 0 2 L S 022uf Diode SI Signal 1N914B 3M P N 2510 5002 UG Header 2 Pin R A on 0 1 Centers Header 3 Pin R A on 0 1 Centers LED Green LTL JFET N Channel J113 Tran
188. ts to get your best settings Because the adjustments are grouped and arranged logically you will quickly develop a friendly relationship with this multiband compressor however We offer you the following advice to get you started 6 7 1 Crossovers Set the crossover frequencies to enhance the sound as you make other adjustments such as release time and the mix ratio The crossovers associated with the factory presets are good choices in most cases To keep all 4 bands fully formed crossover tuning should follow the 4X rule 1 a crossover fre quency should be at least 4 times higher than the next lower crossover For example if F1 is 120Hz then F2 should be at least 480Hz Typical ranges for crossovers are as follows The ranges are typical not the law 80 to 280Hz F2 330 to 1700Hz F3 3000 to 6000Hz If crossovers are tuned too close together then one or more of the bands may become tuned out of existence leaving you with a 1 2 or 3 band compressor This may be done intentionally by some users who want the characteristics of less than 4 bands For example you can tune to 10Hz essentially taking away band 1 You can also tune F2 to 25Hz essentially leaving only bands 3 and 4 It is impossible to visualize all the effects of irrational crossover tuning unless you are using the remote control Windows software which graphs the actual shape of the bands for you Nevertheless Model 2020 FM Pro Audio Proc
189. u may conveniently use preset 001 as a completely normal user preset even though it serves double duty parenting globals to the 8 factory presets 01 through Note Out of the box all user memories 001 through U16 come loaded with the same param eters as factory preset P01 with an arbitrary set of globals 7 5 3 Global Preset User memory U01 is an otherwise normal user preset doing the double duty of parenting certain global parameters globals to the factory presets P01 through POS The globals are routine param eters listed below kept individually in all the user presets but purposely not implanted in the factory presets This is done simply to allow adaptation of the factory presets to every user s operating environment Although preset UOI is initially named Globals it can be renamed by a user just as any other user memory without changing it s global function Note When initially starting the FM Pro you should set up the unit s parameters to match your requirements then save to 001 This will subsequently allow full and free use of the fac tory presets The following table summarizes the global param eters that are linked to the factory presets from 001 Page 7 2 7 0 All About Presets The Global Parameters A Processing Menu Input Output Menu pages 1 2 3 Input reference level Peak output level Unit bypass on off 20Hz High Pass Filter on off 16 5kHz Low Pass Filter on off
190. ually loud to beat the competition Model 2020 FM Pro Audio Processor 6 0 Setting Up Processing In your quest to create the perfect on air sound you will be faced with the question of how loudness factors in How loudly your station jumps from the dial compared to other stations in your area can easily become a paranoia We urge you to remain rational It has been demonstrated in many mar kets that sounding better rather than louder wins the audience The perception of loudness 1 also variable Many programmers and engineers get trapped into gathering fatness and grunge for loud ness when actually a station will be perceived as louder and bigger by the audience when it sounds more open and dynamic 6 3 Create the Global Preset Refer to section 7 of this manual and create a Global preset 1f you have not already done so This will match the FM Pro to your system and allow the factory presets to function correctly 6 4 Select A Factory Preset One of the eight factory presets PO1 through P08 will probably come close to your processing goal We evaluated eight widely used radio formats and gathered information about how they typically process their sound We then built our presets to be competitive against other audio processors for those formats There are certainly many more than eight identifiable radio formats in existence and new ones continue to appear If your FM format is not among those provided for simp
191. unit manufacturing date or date purchased 16 3 The Parts List Mother Board Assembly 050 3240 Item Quan Reference Designators Description Value Tol Aphex P N 1 2 1 3 Elect NP Music 22mF 20 225 0020 2 2 2 4 1004 100mF 20 225 0040 3 2 5 6 10uf TANT 1007 10 220 0280 4 2 C7 C8 Cap Monolithic Ceramic Z5U ImF 20 235 0020 5 2 C9 C10 Cap polypropylene 01mF 2 5 190 1380 6 3 D1 D2 D3 Diode 1N4003 470 0120 7 19 H1 H2 H4 H6 H7 H9 H10 Female 8500 290 0480 H15 H16 H17 H18 H19 H20 21 22 23 25 26 27 9 9 H3 H5 H8 H11 H12 H13 H14 10 Pin Female 8500 290 0500 H24 9 1 H28 20 Pin Male 2500 Box 290 0580 10 1 H29 16 Pin Male 2500 Box 290 0940 11 2 H30 H36 10 Pin Male 2500 Box 290 0560 12 1 H31 50 Pin Male 2500 Box 290 0960 13 1 H32 Ribbon Cable Assy 26 Pin 030 4140 14 1 H33 5 Pin Molex header 100 cen 310 1080 15 1 H34 5 Pin Molex header 156 cen 310 2940 16 1 H35 3 Pin Molex header 100 cen 310 0780 17 3 K2 Relay Aromat TQ2E12V 630 0100 18 2 11 12 Inductor 47mH 10 360 0100 19 6 Q1 02 03 04 05 Q6 Transistor NPN SI 2N3904 500 0260 20 2 1 7 Resistor Zero Ohms Jumper 840 1160 21 4 2 18 21 24 Resistor Tin Oxide Film 100K 1 120 1006 22 2 R4 R10 Resistor Tin Oxide Film 3 01 1 120 3014 23 2 R3 R9 Resistor Tin Oxide Film 301R 1 120 3013 24 2 R5 R11 Resistor Tin Oxide Film 49R9 1 120 4992 25 2 R6 R12 Resistor Tin Oxide Film 150R
192. vel of satisfaction 18 6 Bit Rate Effects Web audio media varies through a wide range of bit rates and consequential audio quality Very low bit rate encoders often benefit from limiting the audio bandwidth of the input signal In many cases you cannot anticipate what bit rate will be served for any given stream Nevertheless you have only one audio processor and it needs to sound great on the highest bit rate or why bother Therefore it is not possible to specifically optimize the audio processing for low bit rate and high bit rate at the same time We have found however that the Model 2020 if adjusted to sound great on a high rate stream such as 22KB it also sounds quite good at low rates like 3KB If you have separate high and low rate converter banks then you can aid the low rate converter by adding a lowpass filter such as a parametric equalizer shelved off at 5 6KHz to the converter s audio input This may improve any splatter distortion you may be experiencing It should be emphasized that splatter is not a problem caused by the Model 2020 rather it is a characteristic generally inherent in all low bit rate converters end Page 18 2
193. with the action of the Leveler deferring gain gate control to the DVG between periods of silence Note Enable disable and Threshold of the Silence Gate feature is located in the Processing Leveler menu 3 1 5 11 Lvl Stic Sticky Leveler The Lvl Stic LED lights up when the user select able Sticky Leveler is turned on The Sticky leveller is a new Aphex invention that keeps the leveler s gain frozen until the input signal amplitude changes by more than a certain amount By holding constant gain until the audio level exceeds a user selectable window the Sticky Leveler further improves the transparency of the leveler s action especially at the faster rate set tings Note Controls for the Sticky leveler are located in the processing Leveler Gate menu 3 1 5 12 Insert The Insert LED lights up when the processing insert loop is turned on This control allows the user to insert any type of stereo audio pro cessor between the Leveler and the Multiband Compressor The insert inputs and outputs are supplied by rear panel unbalanced pin 2 hot 1 amp 3 grounded XLR connectors Note On Off control for the Insert Loop is located in the Processing Input Output menu 3 1 6 Multiband Coupling Five LED s are provided to show the current status of the Multiband Compressor coupling features The L gt lt R coupling features refer to the stereo Model 2020 FM Pro Audio Processor 3 0 The User Interface coupling
194. xide Film Resistor Tin Oxide Film Resistor Tin Oxide Film Resistor Tin Oxide Film Resistor Tin Oxide Film Resistor Tin Oxide Film Resistor Tin Oxide Film Resistor Tin Oxide Film Resistor Tin Oxide Film Resistor Tin Oxide Film Resistor Tin Oxide Film Resistor Tin Oxide Film Resistor Tin Oxide Film Resistor Tin Oxide Film Resistor Tin Oxide Film Resistor Tin Oxide Film Resistor Tin Oxide Film Resistor Network 8 Pin Isolated IC Op Amp Bipolar Dual 5532 PC Board 100 Tested IC Socket 8 Pin Description l 8 2 4 5 6 7 9 10 2 l C3 3 3 C8 C11 C15 4 2 12 16 5 2 07 6 1 C14 7 2 C18 C21 8 1 C19 9 1 C20 10 9 C22 C23 C24 C25 C26 C27 C28 C30 C31 ll l C29 12 29 DLD2 D3D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 D10 D11 D12 D13 D14 D15 D16 D17 D18 D19 D21 D22 D23 D24 D25 D26 D27 D28 D29 D30 13 1 DRI l 1 HI 15 1 H2 16 3 LD1 LD2 LD3 17 1 01 l8 3 Q2 Q4 Q5 19 1 Q3 20 1 RI 21 5 R2 R3 R23 R35 R57 22 4 R4 R12 R23 R39 22 R5 R10 R16 R21 R27 R28 R56 2 2 R6 R17 24 6 R7 R8 R9 R18 R19 R20 25 4 R11 R22 R45 R65 26 3 R15 R26 R31 27 4 R13 R14 R24 R25 28 5 729 347 R55 R58 R60 29 1 R30 30 1 R32 3 1 R34 Model 2020 FM Pro Audio Processor Cap Mica Cap Tant Cap Polyester Cap Polyester Cap Tant Cap Polyester Cap Polyester Cap Polyester Cap Polyester Cap Monolithic Ceramic Z5U Cap Tant Diode Silicon Signal IN914B IC Digital R
195. you will need to interface with the computer s audio board input cabling The idea is to get as close as possible to the encoder s input point 18 5 1 Set the Input Level Once the audio source is fed into the Model 2020 you need to normalize the input gain Set the Input Gain so the input level meters are peaking at 0 fora nominal program level You operate the input gain through the Processing Input Output menu page Model 2020 FM Pro Audio Processor 18 0 Web Broadcasting Applications 18 5 2 Set the Output Level If you are using the digital output then you don t need to worry about this The Model 2020 automatically normalizes the output peaks to 1dB under digital full scale If you are using the analog outputs then you need to set the output level to properly drive your encoder s input You operate the output gain also through the Processing Input Output menu page Your encoder may have an input meter to indicate the proper drive level but if not set the output to the highest level that still gives undistorted sound when listening to the stream through your reference media player 18 5 3 Set Up the Processing Now is the time to go to the chapters on setting up processing First you will set up all the Globals and save them Then you will experiment with the presets Finally you will fine tune your own sound This process may take anywhere from 10 minutes to a couple of hours depending upon your dedication and le
196. zz 907 OTN bva 15 22 Model 2020 Pro Audio Processor 15 0 Schematics 09Zbr D22 5294 5 42 0 034315 9T 055320 4 Wd lt IFT 7211 SH31SAS 9 ln mx HODPNIBITS ar NQ3SUH S 5241 p CN Ko st 9 T Lnow lt 96 TNITS eTe B 1 ANDY ONDA ayn 8109 gua arino P gino 84 8100 BHA 4 90 ONDO 943 AND 03 OR QI J 8 di ANDY 94 55 saa vaa gga zaa tag 83M 90 88 ST 9110073 A 79 55 28a saa vag gaa zga Tad 9101 ANDI S1nos lt 8 09 1 8100714 940 veinoud 88 8100 87 9 55 98g saa taa gaq zaa RORO ada QN5U INDI 1noaud 83 8 834 11914 ST ST aun en HOT hur PA 82 22 OOWT Z STe 2M ST T z1nod CARE AOT Sg 92 MET S2 OORT OOWT T ZNI14 ST Sa A HOT Sq ANT 2

W eb V ersion FM Pro

Contents

Download Pdf Manuals

Related Search

Related Contents