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1. VIN Vehicle Identification Number found at the base of the windshield on a metallic plate or at the driver door latch area consult your vehicle owner s manual for location TRANSMISSION Automatic Manual Please check all applicable items in each category DESCRIBE THE PROBLEM OBD2 29 Preparation for Testing PRELIMINARY VEHICLE DIAGNOSTIC WORKSHEET 30 WHEN DID YOU FIRST NOTICE THE PROBLEM Q Just Started Started Last Week m Started Last Month Other LIST ANY REPAIRS DONE IN THE PAST SIX MONTHS PROBLEMS STARTING No symptoms Will not crank ENGINE QUITS OR STALLS No symptoms Right after starting When shifting into gear a During steady speed driving IDLING CONDITIONS No symptoms Is too slow at all times Is too fast RUNNING CONDITIONS No symptoms Runs rough Lacks power Bucks and jerks Poor fuel economy Hesitates or stumbles on accelerations L L L LD D Cranks but will not start Starts but takes a long time Right after vehicle comes to a stop While idling During acceleration When parking Is sometimes too fast or too slow Is rough or uneven Fluctuates up and down Backfires Misfires or cuts out Engine knocks pings or rattles Surges Dieseling or run on OBD2
2. Preparation for Testing PRELIMINARY VEHICLE DIAGNOSTIC WORKSHEET AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION PROBLEMS if applicable No symptoms Shifts too early or too late a Changes gear incorrectly PROBLEM OCCURS Short less than 2 miles 2 10 miles Long more than 10 miles Stop and go While turning While braking At gear engagement With A C operating L D DD 0 0 0 DRIVING HABITS Mostly city driving Highway Park vehicle inside Park vehicle outside GASOLINE USED 87 Octane 89 Octane 32 55 0 13 Below freezing 32 F 0 C CHECK ENGINE LIGHT DASH WARNING LIGHT Vehicle does not move when in gear Q Jerks or bucks Morning Afternoon a Anytime ENGINE TEMPERATURE WHEN PROBLEM OCCURS 4 Cold Warm a Hot DRIVING CONDITIONS WHEN PROBLEM OCCURS With headlights on During acceleration Mostly driving downhill Mostly driving uphill Mostly driving level Mostly driving curvy roads Mostly driving rough roads L DD UD D D Drive less than 10 miles per day Drive 10 to 50 miles per day Drive more than 50 miles per day 91 than 91 Octane WEATHER CONDITIONS WHEN PROBLEM OCCURS Above 55 F 13 C Sometimes ON a Always ON a Never ON PECULIAR SMELLS a Hot Gasoline Sulfur rotten egg a Burning oil Burning rubber Electrical STRANGE NOISES a Rattle
3. Squeak Knock a Other OBD2 31 Preparation for Testing BEFORE YOU BEGIN BEFORE YOU BEGIN The Enhanced OBD2 Code Reader aids in monitoring elec tronic and emissions related faults in your vehicle and retriev ing fault codes related to mal functions in these systems Mechanical problems such as low oil level or damaged hoses wiring or electrical connectors can cause poor engine performance and may also cause a fault code to set Fix any known mechanical problems before performing any test See your vehicle s service manual or a mechanic for more information Check the following areas before starting any test 32 Check the engine oil power steering fluid transmission fluid if applicable engine coolant and other fluids for proper levels Top off low fluid levels if needed Make sure the air filter is clean and in good condition Make sure all air filter ducts are properly connected Check the air filter ducts for holes rips or cracks Make sure all engine belts are in good condition Check for cracked torn brittle loose or missing belts Make sure mechanical linkages to engine sensors throttle gearshift position transmission etc are secure and properly connected See your vehicle s service manual for locations Check all rubber hoses radiator and steel hoses vacuum fuel for leaks cracks blockage or other damage Make sure all hoses are routed and connected properly Make sure all spar
4. buttons as necessary to highlight the desired option then press the ENTER FF button to view the selected information or press the DTC SCROLL button to return to the OBD2 DTC screen When View ABS DTCs or View Enhanced DTCs is selected the Select Manufacturer screen displays Use the UP and DOWN buttons as necessary to highlight the appropriate manufacturer then press the ENTER FF button to view the selected information If the manufacturer of the S vehicle from which codes were retrieved is not listed press the DTC SCROLL button to return to the OBD2 DTC screen Enhanced data is not available for your vehicle m f a Manufacturer specific DTC was retrieved and the manufacturer selected for the code was Chrysler Jeep Ford Mazda General Motors Isuzu Honda Acura Toyota or Lexus the Select Data menu displays Use the UP e and DOWN buttons as necessary to highlight the desired option then press the ENTER FF button to view the selected information or press the DTC SCROLL Y button to return to the OBD2 DTC screen OBD2 41 Using the Code Reader VIEWING ABS DTCS m f a Manufacturer specific DTC was retrieved and the manufacturer selected for the code was not Chrysler Jeep Ford Mazda General Motors Isuzu Honda Acura Toyota or Lexus the View Vehicle Information confirmation message displays Press the ENTER FF button to view vehicle information see VIE
5. 2 After the fault or faults have been repaired connect the Code Reader to the vehicle s DLC and erase the code or codes from the vehicle s computer memory m See page 54 for procedures for ERASING DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODES DTCs from the vehicle s on board computer m Write the codes down on a piece of paper for reference before erasing 3 After the erase procedure is performed most of the Monitor icons on the Code Reader s LCD display will be flashing Leave the Code Reader connected to the vehicle and perform a Trip Drive Cycle for each flashing Monitor Misfire Fuel and Comprehensive Component Monitors run up continuously and their icons will always be on solid even after the erase function is performed m Each DTC is associated with a specific Monitor Consult the vehicle s service manual to identify the Monitor or Monitors associated with the faults that were repaired Follow the manufacturer s procedures to perform a Trip Drive Cycle for the appropriate Monitors m While observing the Monitor icons the Code Readers LCD display perform a Trip Drive Cycle for the appropriate Monitor or Monitors If the vehicle needs to be driven in order to perform a Trip Drive Cycle ALWAYS have a second person help you One person should drive the vehicle while the other person observes the Monitor icons on the Code Reader for Monitor RUN status Trying to drive and observe the Code Reader at the same time is dangerous and
6. m A DTC is saved in the computer s memory for later retrieval A Freeze Frame of the conditions present in the engine or emissions system when the MIL was ordered On is saved in the computer s memory for later retrieval This information shows fuel system status closed loop or open loop engine load coolant temperature fuel trim value MAP vacuum engine RPM and DTC priority When a Type B DTC is found on the First Trip the following events take place m The computer sets a Pending DTC but the MIL is not ordered On Freeze Frame data may or may not be saved at this time depending on manufacturer The Pending DTC is saved in the computer s memory for later retrieval m f the failure is found on the second consecutive trip the MIL is ordered On Freeze Frame data is saved in the computer s memory m If the failure is not found on the second Trip the Pending DTC is erased from the computer s memory The MIL will stay lit for both Type A and Type B codes until one of the following conditions occurs OBD2 21 Onboard Diagnostics OBD2 MONITORS m lf the conditions that caused the MIL to light are no longer present for the next three trips in a row the computer automatically turns the MIL Off if no other emissions related faults are present However the DTCs remain in the computer s memory as a history code for 40 warm up cycles 80 warm up cycles for fuel and misfire faults The DTCs are automati
7. rent brightness setting from 0 to 43 2 Press the UP button to decrease the brightness of the LCD display make the display darker 3 Press the DOWN button to increase the brightness of the LCD display make the display lighter 4 When the desired brightness is obtained press the ENTER FF F button to save your changes and return to the MENU Searching for a DTC Definition Using the DTC Library 1 Use the UP and DOWN buttons as necessary to highlight DTC Library in the MENU then press the ENTER FF button OBD2 7 About the Code Reader ADJUSTMENTS SETTINGS AND DTC LIBRARY m The Enter DTC screen displays The screen shows the code P0001 with the P flashing 2 Use the UP and DOWN buttons as necessary to scroll to the desired DTC type P Powertrain U Network B Body C Chassis then press the DTC SCROLL button m The selected character displays solid and the next character begins flashing 3 Select the remaining characters in the DTC in the same way pressing the DTC SCROLL button to confirm each character When you have selected all the DTC characters press the ENTER FF button to view the DTC definition m f you entered a Generic DTC DTCs that start with PO P2 and some P3 The selected DTC and DTC definition if available show on the Code Reader s LCD display If a definition for the DTC you entered is not ava
8. Code Reader s LCD display OBD2 37 Using the Code Reader CODE RETRIEVAL PROCEDURE B MONITOR NOT RUN STATUS If the Code Reader s LCD display moron suus shows zero indicating there oo 9 E no DTC s present in the vehicle s computer memory but the yellow LED is illuminated it may be an indication that some of the Monitors supported by the vehicle have not yet run and completed their diagnostic testing Check the Code Reader s LCD display for confirmation All Monitor icons that are blinking have not yet run and completed their diagnostic testing all Monitor icons that are solid have run and completed their diagnostic testing m Red LED Indicates there is a problem with one or more of the opeooco 0H vehicle s systems The red LED is OSST mane also used to indicate that DTC s are B present displayed on the Code Reader s screen In this case the Multifunction Indicator Check Engine lamp on the vehicle s instrument panel will be illuminated On some vehicle models the computer will store non emission related DTCs These DTCs will not command the MIL on since they are not emission related If the Code Reader retrieves one of these types of codes the MIL will not be commanded on and the Yellow LED on the Code Reader will be illuminated m that start with PO P2 and some are considered Generic Universal All Generic DTC definitions are the same on all OBD
9. able to perform diagnostic testing on that system The green yellow and red LEDs provide a quick way to help you determine if a vehicle is ready for an Emissions Test Smog Check Follow the instructions below to perform the Quick Check Perform the CODE RETRIEVAL PROCEDURE as described on page 34 then interpret the LED indications as follows Interpreting I M Readiness Test Results 1 GREEN LED Indicates that all engine lt MONITOR STATUS systems are OK and operating CO DD normally all Monitors supported by the vehicle have run and performed their self diagnostic testing The vehicle is ready for an Emissions Test Smog Check and there is a good possibility that it can be certified m EMISSION STATUS 6 OBD2 Using the Code Reader I M READINESS TESTING 2 YELLOW LED Determine from the CODE RETRIEVAL PROCEDURE page 34 which of the two possible conditions is causing the yellow LED to light m f a PENDING Diagnostic Trouble Code is causing the yellow LED to gangues na light it is possible that the vehicle will us ML be allowed to be tested for emissions and certified Currently most areas states countries will allow an Emissions Test Smog Check to be performed if the only code in the vehicle s computer is a PENDING Diagnostic Trouble Code If the illumination of the Yellow LED is being caused by monitors that 00 have not run the
10. DTC LIBRARY e On some Asian and European vehicles the DLC is located behind the ashtray the ashtray must be removed to access it or on the far left corner of the dash If the DLC cannot be located consult the vehicle s service manual for the location BATTERY REPLACEMENT Replace batteries when the battery symbol is visible on display and or the 3 LEDS are all lit and no other data is visible on screen 1 2 3 4 Locate the battery cover on the back of the Code Reader Slide the battery cover off use your fingers Replace batteries with three AA size batteries for longer life use Alkaline type batteries Reinstall the battery cover on the back of the Code Reader Language Selection After Battery Installation The first time the unit is turned on you must select the desired display language English French or Spanish as follows 1 Press and hold the POWER LINK amp EH button for approximately 3 seconds to turn the Code Reader ON m The Select Language screen displays Use the UP and DOWN buttons as necessary to highlight the desired display language When the desired display language is selected press the ENTER FF button to confirm your selection e After the initial language selection is performed it as well as other settings can be changed as desired Proceed to ADJUSTMENTS SETTINGS AND DTC LIBRARY below for further instructions ADJUSTMENTS SETTINGS AND DTC L
11. DTCs In the case of long code definitions or when viewing Freeze Frame data a small arrow is shown in the upper lower right hand corner of the code display area to indicate the presence of additional information Use the e and buttons as necessary to view the additional information m The Code Reader will display a code only if codes are present in the vehicle s computer memory If no codes are present a No Enhanced DTC s are presently stored in the vehicle s computer is displayed Press the ENTER FF button to return to the Honda Acura Enhanced menu 3 If more than one code was retrieved press the DTC SCROLL F button as necessary to display additional codes one at a time m Whenever the Scroll function is used to view additional codes the Code Reader communication link with the vehicle s computer disconnects To re establish communication press the LINK button again 4 When the last retrieved DTC has been displayed and the DTC SCROLL E button is pressed the Code Reader returns to the Honda Acura Enhanced menu m To view additional enhanced DTCs repeat steps 1 through 4 above m To exit the enhanced mode use the UP and DOWN buttons as necessary to select Exit from the Honda Acura Enhanced menu then press the ENTER FF button The Code Reader returns to the OBD2 DTC screen Toyota Lexus Enhanced DTCs When View Enhanced DTCs is selected from the Enhanced Main Menu and Toyota Lexus is
12. MIL Status When the vehicle s on board computer detects a failure in an emissions related component or system the computers internal diagnostic program assigns a diagnostic trouble code DTC that points to the system and subsystem where the fault was found The diagnostic program saves the code in the computer s memory It records a Freeze Frame of condi tions present when the fault was found and lights the Malfunction Indicator Lamp MIL Some faults require detection for two trips in a row before the MIL is turned on The Malfunction Indicator Lamp MIL is the accepted term used to describe the lamp on the dashboard that lights to warn the driver that an emissions related fault has been found Some manufacturers may still call this lamp a Check Engine or Service Engine Soon light There are two types of DTCs used for emissions related faults Type A and Type B Type A codes are One Trip codes Type B DTCs are usually Two Trip DTCs When a Type A DTC is found on the First Trip the following events take place m The computer commands the MIL On when the failure is first found m If the failure causes a severe misfire that may cause damage to the catalytic converter the MIL flashes once per second The MIL continues to flash as long as the condition exists If the condition that caused the MIL to flash is no longer present the MIL will light steady On
13. Red LED was obtained there is a definite problem present in the system s In these cases you have the following options m Repair the vehicle yourself If you are going to perform the repairs yourself proceed by reading the vehicle service manual and following all its procedures and recommendations OBD2 59 Using the Code Reader I M READINESS TESTING 60 m Take the vehicle to a professional to have it serviced The problem s causing the red LED to light must be repaired before the vehicle is ready for an Emissions Test Smog Check On some vehicle models the computer will store non emission Sr related DTCs These DTCs will not command the MIL on since they are not emission related If the Code Reader retrieves one of these types of codes the MIL will not be commanded on and the Yellow LED on the Code Reader will be illuminated In most cases these types of codes will not prevent the Emissions Test from being performed Using the I M Readiness Monitor Status to Confirm a Repair The I M Readiness Monitor Status function can be used after repair of a fault has been performed to confirm that the repair has been performed correctly and or to check for Monitor Run Status Use the following procedure to determine I M Readiness Monitor Status 1 Using retrieved Diagnostic Trouble Codes DTCs and code definitions as a guide and following manufacturer s repair procedures repair the fault or faults as instructed
14. also retrieves Monitor Run Not Run status This information is very important since different areas of the state country have different emissions laws and regulations concerning Monitor Run Not Run status Before an Emissions Test Smog Check can be performed your vehicle must meet certain rules requirements and procedures legislated by the Federal and state country governments where you live 1 In most areas one of the requirements that must be met before a vehicle is allowed to be Emissions Tested Smog Checked is that the vehicle does not have any Diagnostic Trouble Codes present with the exception of PENDING Diagnostic Trouble Codes 2 In addition to the requirement that no Diagnostic Trouble Codes be present some areas also require that all the Monitors that a particular vehicle supports indicate a Has Run status condition before an Emissions Check may be performed 3 Other areas may only require that some but not all Monitors indicate a Has Run status before an Emissions Test 8mog Check may be performed Monitors with a Has Run status indicate that all the 32 required conditions they needed to perform testing of their assigned engine area system have been met and all diagnostic testing has completed successfully Monitors with a Has Not Run status have not yet met the conditions they need to perform diagnosis and testing of their assigned engine area system and have not been
15. condition Catalyst Monitor The catalytic converter is a device that is installed downstream of the exhaust manifold It helps to oxidize burn the unburned fuel hydrocarbons and partially burned fuel carbon monoxide left over from the combustion process To accomplish this heat and catalyst materials inside the converter react with the exhaust gases to burn the remaining fuel Some materials inside the catalytic converter also have the ability to store oxygen and release it as needed to oxidize hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide In the process it reduces vehicle emissions by converting the polluting gases into carbon dioxide and water The computer checks the efficiency of the catalytic converter by monitoring the oxygen sensors used by the system One sensor is located before upstream of the converter the other is located after downstream of the converter If the catalytic converter loses its ability to store oxygen the downstream sensor signal voltage becomes almost the same as the upstream sensor signal In this case the monitor fails the test The Catalyst Monitor is a Two Trip Monitor If a fault is found on the first trip the computer temporarily saves the fault in its memory as a Pending Code The computer does not command the MIL on at this time If the fault is sensed again on the second trip the computer commands the MIL and saves the code in its long term memory Heated Catalyst Monitor Operation of
16. consideration the various types of driving conditions encountered in real life Driving Condition A specific environmental or operation condition under which a vehicle is operated such as starting the vehicle when cold driving at steady speed cruising accelerating etc DTC s Diagnostic Trouble Code s EGR Exhaust Gas Recirculation EPA Environmental Protection Agency EVAP Evaporative Emissions System Fault Code See DTCs Freeze Frame A digital representation of engine and or emissions system conditions present when a fault code was recorded FTP Fuel Tank Pressure Generic Code DTC that applies to all OBD2 compliant vehicles I M Readiness An indication of whether or not a vehicle s emissions related system are operating properly and are ready for Inspection and Maintenance testing I M Test Emissions Test Smog Check A functional test of a vehicle to determine if tailpipe emissions are within Federal State Local requirements LCD Liquid Crystal Display LED Light Emitting Diode LTFT Long Term Fuel Trim is a program in the vehicle s computer designed to add or subtract fuel from the vehicle to compensate for operating conditions that vary from the ideal A F ratio long term 62 OBD2 Glossary GLOSSARY OF TERMS AND ABBREVIATIONS Manufacturer Specific Code A DTC that applies only to OBD2 compliant vehicles made by a specific manufacturer MIL Malfunction Ind
17. could cause a serious traffic accident OBD2 OBD2 Using the Code Reader I M READINESS TESTING When a Monitor s Trip Drive Cycle is performed properly the Monitor icon on the Code Reader s LCD display changes from flashing to solid indicating that the Monitor has run and finished its diagnostic testing If after the Monitor has run the MIL on the vehicle s dash is not lit and no stored or pending codes associated with that particular Monitor are present in the vehicle s computer the repair was successful m f after the Monitor has run the MIL on the vehicle s dash lights and or a DTC associated with that Monitor is present in the vehicle s computer the repair was unsuccessful Refer to the vehicle s service manual and recheck repair procedures 61 Glossary GLOSSARY OF TERMS AND ABBREVIATIONS INTRODUCTION This Glossary contains definitions for abbreviations and terms you may find in this manual or in your vehicle service manual GLOSSARY OF TERMS AND ABBREVIATIONS CARB California Air Resources Board CCM Central Control Module Computer Control System An electronic control system consisting of an on board computer and related sensors switches and actuators used to ensure peak performance and fuel efficiency while reducing pollutants in the vehicle s emissions DIY Do It Yourself DLC Data Link Connector Drive Cycle An extended set of driving procedures that takes into
18. on next page for more details CABLE Connects the Code Reader to the vehicle s Data Link Connector DLC 11 Code Reader Controls DISPLAY FUNCTIONS DISPLAY FUNCTIONS 12 1 11 12 13 3 EN B 15 gan k L D mone M 16 Figure 2 Display Functions See Figure 2 for the locations of items 1 through 16 below 1 2 IM MONITOR STATUS field Identifies the I M Monitor status area Monitor icons Indicate which Monitors are supported by the vehicle under test and whether or not the associated Monitor has run its diagnostic testing Monitor status When a Monitor icon is solid it indicates that the associated Monitor has completed its diagnostic testing When a Monitor icon is flashing it indicates that the vehicle supports the associated Monitor but the Monitor has not yet run its diagnostic testing amp Vehicle icon Indicates whether or not the Code Reader is being properly powered through the vehicle s Data Link Connector DLC A visible icon indicates that the Code Reader is being powered through the vehicle s DLC connector ap Link icon Indicates whether or not the Code Reader is communicating linked with the vehicle s on board computer When visible the Code Reader is communicating with the computer If the Link icon is not visible the Code Reader is not communicating with the computer Computer icon When this icon is visible it i
19. the Service Center with Proof of Purchase The sales receipt may be used for this purpose Installation labor is not covered under this warranty All replacement parts whether new or remanufactured assume as their warranty period only the remaining time of this warranty This warranty does not apply to damage caused by improper use accident abuse improper voltage service fire flood lightning or other acts of God or if the product was altered or repaired by anyone other than the Manufacturer s Service Center The Manufacturer under no circumstances shall be liable for any consequential damages for breach of any written warranty of this unit This warranty gives you specific legal rights and you may also have rights which vary from state to state This manual is copyrighted with all rights reserved No portion of this document may be copied or reproduced by any means without the express written permission of the Manufacturer THIS WARRANTY IS NOT TRANSFERABLE For service send via U P S if possible prepaid to Manufacturer Allow 3 4 weeks for service repair SERVICE PROCEDURES If you have any questions require technical support or information on UPDATES and OPTIONAL ACCESSORIES please contact your local store distributor or the Service Center USA amp Canada 800 544 4124 5 00 AM 6 00 PM Monday Friday PST All others 714 241 6802 5 00 AM 6 00 PM Monday Friday PST FAX 714 432 7511 24 hr Web www CanOBD
20. the vehicle s Data Link Connector DLC OBD2 3 Safety Precautions SAFETY FIRST To prevent damage to the on board computer when taking vehicle electrical measurements always use a digital multimeter with at least 10 megOhms of impedance Fuel and battery vapors are highly flammable To prevent an explosion keep all sparks heated items and open flames away from the battery and fuel fuel vapors DO NOT SMOKE NEAR THE VEHICLE DURING TESTING Don t wear loose clothing or jewelry when working on an engine Loose clothing can become caught in the fan pulleys belts etc Jewelry is highly conductive and can cause a severe burn if it makes contact between a power source and ground OBD2 About the Code Reader VEHICLES COVERED VEHICLES COVERED The Enhanced OBD2 Code Reader is designed to work on all OBD2 compliant vehicles All 1996 and newer vehicles cars and light trucks sold in the United States are OBD2 compliant Federal law requires that all 1996 and newer cars and light SN trucks sold in the United States must be OBD2 compliant this includes all Domestic Asian and European vehicles Some 1994 and 1995 vehicles are OBD2 compliant To find out if a 1994 or 1995 vehicle is OBD2 compliant check the following 1 The Vehicle Emissions Control Information VECI Label This label is located under the hood or by the radiator of most vehicles If the vehicle is OBD2 compliant the label will state OBD I
21. to establish communication with the vehicle s computer 3 Press and release the ERASE button A confirmation message shows on the LCD display f you are sure you want to proceed press the ERASE FA button again to erase DTCs from the vehicle s computer f you do not want to continue with the erase process press the POWER LINK button to exit the erase mode 4 f you chose to erase DTCs a progress screen displays while the erase function is in progress m f the erase was successful a confirmation message shows on the LCD display Press the POWER LINK button to return to the DTC screen OBD2 55 Using the Code Reader I M READINESS TESTING m lf the erase was not successful advisory message shows on the LCD display Verify that the Code Reader is properly connected to the vehicle s DLC and that the ignition is on then repeat steps 2 and 3 above Erasing DTCs does not fix the problem s that caused the code s ND to be set If proper repairs to correct the problem s that caused the code s to be set are not made the code s will appear again and the check engine light will illuminate as soon as the vehicle is driven long enough for its Monitors to complete their testing I M READINESS TESTING is an Inspection and Maintenance program legislated by the Government to meet federal clean air standards The program requires that a vehicle be taken periodically to an Emissions Statio
22. to highlight Unit of Measurement in the MENU then press the ENTER FF 9 button 2 Press the UP or DOWN button as necessary to highlight the desired Unit of Measurement 3 When the desired Unit of Measurement value is selected press the ENTER FF button to save your changes Exiting the MENU Mode 1 Use the UP and DOWN buttons as necessary to highlight Menu Exit in the MENU then press the ENTER FF button m The LCD display returns to the DTC screen if data is currently stored in the Code Reader s memory or the To Link screen if no data is stored OBD2 9 Code Reader Controls CONTROLS AND INDICATORS CONTROLS AND INDICATORS Figure 1 Controls and Indicators See Figure 1 for the locations of items 1 through 11 below 1 ERASE button Erases Diagnostic Trouble Codes DTCs and Freeze Frame data from your vehicle s computer and resets Monitor status 2 DTC SCROLL button Displays the DTC View screen and or scrolls the LCD display to view DTCs when more than one DTC is present 3 POWER LINK button When the Code Reader IS NOT connected to a vehicle turns the Code Reader On and Off When the Code Reader is connected to a vehicle links the Code Reader to the vehicle s PCM to retrieve diagnostic data from the computer s memory To turn the Code Reader On you must press and hold the POWER LINK button for approximately 3 seconds 4 ENTER
23. 2 com OBD2 65 TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE W b E WE EMPLOY TECHNICIANS CERTIFIED BY ASE ONLY LET US SHOW YOU THEIR CREDENTIALS www CanOBD2 com INNOVA Innova Electronics Corp 17291 Mt Herrmann Street Fountain Valley CA 92708 Printed in Taiwan Instruction 93 0229 1 2 E lt gt AI m 2 Copyright 2008 IEC All Rights Reserved
24. 2 equipped vehicles The Code Reader automatically displays the code definitions for Generic DTC s If the definition for the currently displayed code is not available an advisory message shows on the Code Readers LCD display m DTC s that start with P1 and some P3 are Manufacturer Specific codes and their code definitions vary with each vehicle manufacturer When a Manufacturer Specific DTC is re trieved the LCD display shows a list of vehicle manufacturers Use the UP and DOWN buttons as ne cessary to highlight the appropriate manufacturer then press the ENTER FF button to display the correct code definition for your vehicle MONITOR STATUS TIT 01 OS ISS 46 38 OBD2 Using the Code Reader CODE RETRIEVAL PROCEDURE Sr If the manufacturer for your vehicle is not listed use the UP 2 and DOWN buttons as necessary to select Other manufacturer and press the ENTER FF button for additional DTC information S If the Manufacturer Specific definition for the currently GACOR sms displayed code is not available an advisory message shows the Code Readers LCD display 10 If more than one code was retrieved press the DTC SCROLL E23 button as neces sary to display additional codes one at a time m Whenever the Scroll function is used to view additional codes the Code Readers commu
25. 2 systems Read and reference this list as needed to aid in the understanding of OBD2 systems OBD2 17 Onboard Diagnostics COMPUTER ENGINE CONTROLS 18 Powertrain Control Module PCM The PCM is the OBD2 accepted term for the vehicle s on board computer In addition to controlling the engine management and emissions systems the PCM also participates in controlling the powertrain transmission operation Most PCMs also have the ability to communicate with other computers on the vehicle ABS ride control body etc Monitor Monitors are diagnostic routines programmed into the PCM The PCM utilizes these programs to run diagnostic tests and to monitor operation of the vehicle s emissions related components or systems to ensure they are operating correctly and within the vehicle s manufacturer specifications Currently up to eleven Monitors are used in OBD2 systems Additional Monitors will be added as the OBD2 system is further developed Not all vehicles support all eleven Monitors Enabling Criteria Each Monitor is designed to test and monitor the operation of a specific part of the vehicle s emissions system EGR system oxygen sensor catalytic converter etc A specific set of conditions or driving procedures must be met before the computer can command a Monitor to run tests on its related system These conditions are known as Enabling Criteria The requirements and procedures vary for each Mo
26. BD2 Onboard Diagnostics COMPUTER ENGINE CONTROLS The Basic Engine Computer Control System The Computer Control System consists of an on board computer and several related control devices sensors switches and actuators The on board computer is the heart of the Computer Control System The computer contains several programs with preset reference values for air fuel ratio spark or ignition timing injector pulse width engine speed etc Separate values are provided for various driving conditions such as idle low speed driving high speed driving low load or high load The preset reference values represent the ideal air fuel mixture spark timing transmission gear selection etc for any driving condition These values are programmed by the vehicle manufacturer and are specific to each vehicle model Most on board computers are located inside the vehicle behind the dashboard under the passenger s or driver s seat or behind the right kick panel However some manufacturers may still position it in the engine compartment Vehicle sensors switches and actuators are located throughout the engine and are connected by electrical wiring to the on board computer These devices include oxygen sensors coolant temperature sensors throttle position sensors fuel injectors etc Sensors and switches are input devices They provide signals representing current engine operating conditions to the computer Actuators are o
27. Code Reader fails to link to the vehicles computer a Linking Failed message shows on the Code Reader s display Verify the ignition is ON then press the ENTER FF F button to continue If the vehicle does not support ABS communication an advisory message shows on the Code Readers display Press the ENTER FF H button to return to the Enhanced Main Menu 2 To read the display a i OBD2 Refer to DISPLAY FUNCTIONS on page 12 for a description of LCD display elements A visible icon indicates that the Code Reader is being powered through the vehicle s DLC connector A visible ap icon indicates that the Code Reader is linked to communicating with the vehicle s computer The upper right hand corner of the display shows the number of the code currently being displayed the DOO fe total number of codes retrieved The Diagnostic Trouble Code DTC and related code definition are shown in the lower section of the LCD display MONITOR STATUS icons are not displayed when viewing ABS DTCs In the case of long code definitions a small arrow is shown in the upper lower right hand corner of the code display area to indicate the presence of additional information Use the UP and DOWN buttons as necessary to view the additional information The Code Reader will display a code only if codes are present in the vehicle s computer memory If no codes are present a No ABS DTC s are p
28. DIGITAL lt lt C lt CODE READER OWNER S MANUAL The Easiest And Best Way To Troubleshoot 1996 and Newer OBD2 Vehicles Table of Contents INTRODUCTION WHAT IS tette t ette m ibt teda 1 YOV CAN uetus 2 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS SAFETY FIRSTI ire ERU TERR EUREN ABE 3 ABOUT THE CODE READER VEHICLES COVERED ntt tette 5 BATTERY REPLACEMENT 6 ADJUSTMENTS SETTINGS AND DTC LIBRARY 6 CODE READER CONTROLS CONTROLS AND INDICATORS 10 DISPLAY FUNCTIONS eene 12 ONBOARD DIAGNOSTICS COMPUTER ENGINE CONTROLS 14 DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODES DTCs 19 OBD2 MONITORS a a aaa edidit eod dt stipite egere 22 PREPARATION FOR TESTING PRELIMINARY VEHICLE DIAGNOSTIC WORKSHEET 29 BEFORE YOU BEGIN 5 et rente tn 32 VEHICLE SERVICE MANUALS ee 33 USING THE CODE READER CODE RETRIEVAL PROCEDURE 34 THE ENHANCED MAIN MENU 40 VIEWING ABS DTCs 42 VIEWING ENHANCED DTCs 45 VIEWING VEHICLE INFORMATION 53 ERASING DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODES DTCs 54 IM READINESS TESTING enne 56 GLOSSARY INTRODUC TION a biel eae dees 62 GLOSSARY OF TERMS AND ABBREVIATIONS 62 WARRANTY AND SERVICING LIMITED ONE YEAR WARRA
29. EDURE Retrieving and using Diagnostic Trouble Codes DTCs for troubleshooting vehicle operation is only one part of an overall diagnostic strategy Never replace a part based only on the DTC definition Each DTC has a set of testing procedures instructions and flow charts that must be followed to confirm the location of the problem This information is found in the vehicle s service manual Always refer to the vehicle s service manual for detailed testing instructions Check your vehicle thoroughly before performing SN any test See BEFORE YOU BEGIN on page 32 for details ALWAYS observe safety precautions whenever working on a vehicle See SAFETY FIRST on page 3 for more information 1 Turn the ignition off 2 Locate the vehicle s 16 pin Data Link Connector DLC See page 5 for connector location Some DLCs have a plastic cover p that must be removed before connecting the Code Reader cable connector If the Code Reader is ON turn it OFF by pressing the POWER LINK button BEFORE connecting the Code Reader to the DLC 3 Connect the Code Reader cable connector to the vehicle s DLC The cable connector is keyed and will only fit one way m If you have problems connecting the cable connector to the DLC rotate the connector 180 and try again m If you still have problems check the DLC on the vehicle and on the Code Reader Refer to your vehicle s service manual to properly check the vehicle s DLC 4 Wh
30. FREEZE FRAME button When in MENU mode confirms the selected option or value When retrieving and viewing DTCs displays Freeze Frame data for the highest priority code 10 OBD2 10 11 OBD2 Code Reader Controls CONTROLS AND INDICATORS DOWN button When MENU mode scrolls DOWN through the menu and submenu selection options When retrieving and viewing DTCs scrolls down through the current display screen to display any additional data UP button When in MENU mode scrolls UP through the menu and submenu selection options When retrieving and viewing DTCs Scrolls ups through the current display screen to display any additional data GREEN LED Indicates that all engine systems are running normally all Monitors on the vehicle are active and performing their diagnostic testing and no DTCs are present YELLOW LED Indicates there is a possible problem A Pending DTC is present and or some of the vehicle s emission monitors have not run their diagnostic testing RED LED Indicates there is a problem in one or more of the vehicle s systems The red LED is also used to show that DTC s are present DTCs are shown on the Code Reader s LCD display In this case the Multifunction Indicator Check Engine lamp on the vehicle s instrument panel will light steady on LCD Display Displays settings Menu and submenus test results Code Reader functions and Monitor status information See DISPLAY FUNCTIONS
31. GNOSTIC TROUBLE CODES DTCs The first time the Vehicle ID function is used it may take several minutes to retrieve the information from the vehicle s computer 3 When the retrieval process is completed the vehicle ID information is shown on the Code Reader s display Use the UP and DOWN buttons as necessary to view the entire list 4 When you have finished viewing the retrieved vehicle ID information press the ENTER FF button to return to exit Viewing Available Modules The Code Reader can retrieve a list of modules supported by the vehicle under test 1 From the Vehicle Information menu use the UP and DOWN buttons as necessary to highlight Available Modules then press the ENTER FF button 2 A One moment please message displays while the requested information is retrieved from the vehicle s computer 3 When the retrieval process is completed a complete list of modules supported by the vehicle under test is shown on the Code Reader s display Use the UP and DOWN buttons as necessary to view the entire list 4 When you have finished viewing the list of available modules press the ENTER FF button to return to exit ERASING DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODES DTCs When the Code Reader s ERASE function is used to erase DTCs from the vehicle s on board computer Freeze Frame data and manufacturer specific enhanced data are also erased If you plan to take the vehic
32. IBRARY The Code Reader lets you make several adjustments and settings to configure the Code Reader to your particular needs It also contains an OBD2 DTC Library that allows you to search for DTC definitions The following functions adjustments and settings can be performed when the Code Reader is in MENU Mode Adjust Brightness Adjusts the brightness of the LCD display Screen DTC Library Lets you search the library of OBD2 DTC definitions OBD2 About the Code Reader ADJUSTMENTS SETTINGS AND DTC LIBRARY m Select Language Sets the display language for the Code Reader to English French or Spanish m Unit of Measurement Sets the Unit of Measurement for the Code Reader s display to USA or metric Adjustments and settings can be made only when the Code Reader is NOT connected to a vehicle To enter the MENU Mode 1 With the Code Reader OFF press and hold the UP button then press and release the POWER LINK button m The adjustments and setting MENU displays 2 Release the UP 2 button DO NOT release the UP button until the adjustments and settings MENU is visible on the display 3 Make adjustments and settings as described in the following paragraphs Adjusting Display Brightness 1 Use the UP and DOWN buttons as necessary to highlight Adjust Brightness in the MENU then press the ENTER FF button m The Adjust Brightness screen dis plays m The Brightness field shows the cur
33. NTY 65 SERVICE PROCEDURES 65 i OBD2 Introduction WHAT IS OBD WHAT IS OBD The Enhanced OBD2 Code Reader is designed to work on all OBD2 compliant vehicles All 1996 and newer vehicles cars light trucks and SUVs sold in the United States are OBD2 compliant One of the most exciting improvements in the automobile industry was the addition of on board diagnostics OBD on vehicles or in more basic terms the computer that activates the vehicle s CHECK ENGINE light OBD1 was designed to monitor manufacturer specific systems on vehicles built from 1981 to 1995 Then came the development of OBD2 which is i on all 1996 and newer vehicles sold in the U S Like its predecessor OBD2 was adopted as part of a government mandate to lower vehicle emissions But what makes OBD2 unique is its universal application for all late model cars and trucks domestic and import This sophisticated program in the vehicle s main computer system is designed to detect failures in a range of systems and can be accessed through a universal OBD2 port which is usually found under the dashboard For all OBD systems if a problem is found the computer turns on the CHECK ENGINE light to warn the driver and sets a Diagnostic Trouble Code DTC to identify where the problem occurred A special diagnostic tool such as the Enhanced OBD2 Code Reader is required to re
34. RL LINK 4B button to exit the erase mode and return to the ABS Menu 3 If you chose to erase ABS DTOs a progress screen displays while ion is in progress m f the erase was successful a confirmation message shows on the LCD display Press the ENTER FF button to return to the ABS Menu m lf the erase was not successful an advisory message shows on the LCD display Verify that the Code Reader is properly connected to the vehicle s DLC and that the ignition is on then repeat steps 2 and 3 above OBD2 Using the Code Reader VIEWING ENHANCED DTCS Se Erasing ABS DTCs does not fix the problem s that caused the code s to be set If proper repairs to correct the problem s that caused the code s to be set are not made the code s will appear again as soon as the vehicle is driven long enough for the problem to recur VIEWING ENHANCED DTCs Refer to the appropriate paragraph to view enhanced DTCs for your vehicle m Chrysler Jeep Enhanced DTOs page 45 m Ford Mazda Enhanced DTCs page 46 m GM lsuzu Enhanced DTCs page 48 m Honda Acura Enhanced DTCs page 50 m Toyota Lexus Enhanced DTCs page 51 Chrysler Jeep Enhanced DTCs When View Enhanced DTCs is selected from the Enhanced Main Menu and Chrysler Jeep is selected if prompted the Chrysler Enhanced menu displays You may view either Engine DTCs or Transmission DTCs 1
35. STATUS icons are not displayed when ND viewing enhanced DTCs OBD2 47 Using the Code Reader VIEWING ENHANCED DTCS 3 4 In the case of long code definitions or when viewing Freeze Frame data a small arrow is shown in the upper lower right hand corner of the code display area to indicate the presence of additional information Use the buttons as necessary to view the additional information m The Code Reader will display a code only if codes are present in the vehicle s computer memory If no codes are present a No Enhanced DTC s are presently stored in the vehicle s computer is displayed Press the ENTER FF button to return to the Ford Mazda Enhanced menu If more than one code was retrieved press the DTC SCROLL s button as necessary to display additional codes one at a time m Whenever the Scroll function is used to view additional codes the Code Readers communication link with the vehicle s computer disconnects To re establish communication press the LINK button again When the last retrieved DTC has been displayed and the DTC SCROLL button is pressed the Code Reader returns to the Ford Mazda Enhanced menu m To view additional enhanced DTCs repeat steps 1 through 4 above m To exit the enhanced mode use the UP e and DOWN buttons as necessary to select Exit from the Ford Mazda Enhanced menu then press the ENTER FF button The Code Reader returns to the OBD2 DTC scre
36. TC and related code definition are shown in the lower section of the LCD display gt M MONITOR STATUS zeeeoeeo DB rreezerrane 00 In the case of long code definitions or when viewing Freeze Frame data a small arrow is shown in the upper lower right hand corner of the code display area to indicate the presence of additional information Use the and buttons as necessary to view the additional information If a definition for the currently displayed code is not available an advisory message shows on the Code Reader s display 9 Read and interpret Diagnostic Trouble Codes system condition using the LCD display and the green yellow and red LEDs The green yellow and red LEDs are used with the LCD display as visual aids to make it easier to determine engine system conditions m Green LED Indicates that all engine systems are OK and Sogooso UJ J d Gos operating normally All monitors supported by the vehicle have run and performed their diagnostic testing and no trouble codes are present A zero will show on the Code Reader s LCD display and all Monitor icons will be solid m Yellow LED Indicates one of the following conditions A A PENDING CODE IS PRESENT If the yellow LED is illuminated it may indicate a Pending code is present Check the Code Reader s LCD display for confirmation A Pending code is confirmed by the presence of a numeric code and the word PENDING on the
37. Use the UP and DOWN buttons as necessary to highlight the desired option then press the ENTER FF t button Transmission DTCs are not sup ported on most Chrysler Jeep ve hicles manufactured prior to 2002 m A One moment please message displays while the Code Reader retrieves the selected DTCs m If the Code Reader fails to link to the vehicles computer a Linking Failed message shows on the Code Reader s display Verify the ignition is ON then press the ENTER FF button to continue 2 To read the display Refer to DISPLAY FUNCTIONS on page 12 for a description of LCD display elements m A visible icon indicates that the Code Reader is being powered through the vehicle s DLC connector m visible icon indicates that the Code Reader is linked to communicating with the vehicle s computer OBD2 45 Using the Code Reader VIEWING ENHANCED DTCS m The upper right hand corner of the display shows the number of the code currently being displayed the total number of codes retrieved m The Diagnostic Trouble Code DTC and related code definition are shown in the lower section of the LCD display rN MONITOR STATUS icons are not displayed when viewing enhanced DTCs In the case of long code definitions or when viewing Freeze Frame data a small arrow is shown in the upper lower right hand corner of the code display area to indicate the presence of additional informati
38. WING VEHICLE INFORMATION on page 53 or press the DTC SCROLL F button to return to the OBD2 DTC screen To view ABS DTCs Select View ABS DTCs from the Enhanced Main Menu then choose the appropriate manufacturer if prompted Refer to VIEWING ABS DTCs on page 42 to view ABS DTCs for your vehicle To view Enhanced DTCs Select View Enhanced DTCs from the Enhanced Main Menu then choose the appropriate manufacturer if prompted Refer to VIEWING ENHANCED DTCs on page 45 to view enhanced DTCs for your vehicle To view vehicle information Select View Vehicle Info from the Enhanced Main Menu Refer to VIEWING VEHICLE INFORMATION on page 53 to view vehicle information for your vehicle Sz If vehicle information is not supported by the vehicle under test an advisory message shows on the Code Reader s display Press the ENTER FF button to exit VIEWING ABS DTCs 42 When View ABS DTCs is selected from the Enhanced Main Menu and the appropriate vehicle manufacturer is selected if prompted the ABS Menu for the appropri ate vehicle manufacturer displays You may choose to Read ABS DTCs or Erase ABS DTCs OBD2 Using the Code Reader VIEWING ABS DTCS Reading ABS DTCs 1 Use the UP and DOWN buttons as necessary to highlight Read ABS DTCs then press the ENTER FF button A One moment please message displays while the Code Reader retrieves the selected DTCs If the
39. able level The vehicle s emissions control system consists of several components or sub systems Oxygen Sensor Catalytic Converter EGR Fuel System etc that aid in reducing vehicle emissions To have an efficient Vehicle Emission Control System all the emissions related components and systems must work correctly whenever the vehicle is in operation 56 OBD2 Using the Code Reader I M READINESS TESTING To comply with State and Federal Government regulations vehicle manufacturers designed a series of special computer programs called Monitors that are programmed into the vehicle s computer Each of these Monitors is specifically designed to run tests and diagnostics on a specific emissions related component or system Oxygen Sensor Catalytic Converter EGR Valve Fuel System etc to ensure their proper operation Currently there are a maximum of eleven Monitors available for use To learn more about Emissions Inspection and Maintenance Readiness Monitors see OBD2 MONITORS on page 22 Each Monitor has a specific function to test and diagnose only its designated emissions related component or system The names of the Monitors Oxygen Sensor Monitor Catalyst Monitor EGR Monitor Misfire Monitor etc describe which component or system each Monitor is designed to test and diagnose Emissions Inspection and Maintenance I M Readiness Monitor Status Information I M Readiness Monitor Status shows w
40. ake their vehicles more fuel efficient Most vehicles were required to meet a miles per gallon MPG standard set by the U S Federal Government Precise fuel delivery and spark timing are needed to reduce vehicle emissions Mechanical engine controls in use at the time such as ignition points mechanical spark advance and the carburetor responded too slowly to driving conditions to properly control fuel delivery and spark timing This made it difficult for vehicle manufacturers to meet the new standards A new Engine Control System had to be designed and integrated with the engine controls to meet the stricter standards The new system had to m Respond instantly to supply the proper mixture of air and fuel for any driving condition idle cruising low speed driving high speed driving etc m Calculate instantly the best time to ignite the air fuel mixture for maximum engine efficiency m Perform both these tasks without affecting vehicle performance or fuel economy Vehicle Computer Control Systems can perform millions of calculations each second This makes them an ideal substitute for the slower mechanical engine controls By switching from mechanical to electronic engine controls vehicle manufacturers are able to control fuel delivery and spark timing more precisely Some newer Computer Control Systems also provide control over other vehicle functions such as transmission brakes charging body and suspension systems O
41. anced Main Menu and Honda Acura is selected if prompted the Honda Acura Enhanced menu displays Depending on the protocol used to commu nicate with your vehicle the Honda Acura Enhanced menu provides options to view m Permanent DTCs or Temporary DTCs m Confirmed DTCs or History DTCs 1 Use the UP 2 and DOWN buttons as necessary to highlight the desired option then press the ENTER FF button m A One moment please message displays while the Code Reader retrieves the selected DTCs m If the Code Reader fails to link to the vehicles computer a Linking Failed message shows on the Code Reader s display Verify the ignition is ON then press the ENTER FF button to continue 2 To read the display Refer to DISPLAY FUNCTIONS on page 12 for a description 32 of LCD display elements m A visible icon indicates that the Code Reader is being powered through the vehicle s DLC connector m A visible icon indicates that the Code Reader is linked to communicating with the vehicle s computer m The upper right hand corner of the display shows the number of the code currently being displayed the total number of codes retrieved m The Diagnostic Trouble Code DTC and related code definition are shown in the lower section of the LCD display 50 OBD2 Using the Code Reader VIEWING ENHANCED DTCS MONITOR STATUS icons are not displayed when SP viewing enhanced
42. be uploaded to a Personal Computer PC with the use of an optional PC Link Kit For more information call our service department See SERVICE PROCEDURES on page 65 for more information 12 When the last retrieved DTC has been displayed and the DTC SCROLL button is pressed the Code Reader enters the enhanced mode m See VIEWING ENHANCED DTOs on page 45 to view enhanced DTCs and or vehicle information for your vehicle m f you do not wish to view enhanced DTCs press the DTC SCROLL button to return to the OBD2 DTC screen 13 Determine engine system s condition by viewing the Code Reader s LCD display for any retrieved Diagnostic Trouble Codes code definitions Freeze Frame data and interpreting the green yellow and red LEDs m f DTC s were retrieved and you are going to perform the repairs yourself proceed by consulting the Vehicle s Service Repair Manual for testing instructions testing procedures and flow charts related to retrieved code s m f you plan to take the vehicle to a professional to have it serviced complete the PRELIMINARY VEHICLE DIAGNOSTIC WORKSHEET on page 29 and take it together with the retrieved codes freeze frame data and LED information to aid in the troubleshooting procedure m To prolong battery life the Code Reader automatically shuts Off approximately three minutes after it is disconnected from the vehicle The DTCs retrieved Monitor Status and Freeze Frame data if any w
43. cally erased if the fault that caused them to be set is not detected again during that period m Misfire and fuel system faults require three trips with similar conditions before the MIL is turned Off These are trips where the engine load RPM and temperature are similar to the conditions present when the fault was first found After the MIL has been turned off DTCs Freeze Frame data N and manufacturer specific enhanced data stay in the computer s memory Most of the enhanced data can only be retrieved with special equipment such as a Scan Tool m Erasing the DTCs from the computer s memory can also turn off the MIL See ERASING DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODES DTCs on page 54 before erasing codes from the computers memory If a Code Reader or Scan Tool is used to erase the codes Freeze Frame data as well as other manufacturer specific enhanced data will also be erased OBD2 MONITORS 22 To ensure the correct operation of the various emissions related components and systems a diagnostic program was developed and installed in the vehicle s on board computer The program has several procedures and diagnostic strategies Each procedure or diagnostic strategy is made to monitor the operation of and run diagnostic tests on a specific emissions related component or system These tests ensure the system is running correctly and is within the manufacturer s specifications On OBD2 systems these procedures and diagnostic strategies are ca
44. catalytic converter reach operating temperature more quickly during warm up periods The catalytic converter must heat to operating temperature to work properly The Secondary Air System Monitor checks for component integrity and system operation and tests for faults in the system The computer runs this Monitor once per trip The Secondary Air System Monitor is a Two Trip monitor If a fault is found on the first trip the computer temporarily saves this fault in its memory as a Pending Code The computer does not command the MIL on at this time If the fault is sensed again on the second trip the computer commands the MIL On and saves the code in its long term memory OBD2 Reference Table The table below lists current OBD2 Monitors and indicates the following for each Monitor A Monitor Type how often does the Monitor run Continuous or Once per trip B Number of trips needed with a fault present to set a pending DTC C Number of consecutive trips needed with a fault present to command the MIL On and store a DTC D Number of trips needed with no faults present to erase a Pending DTC E Number and type of trips or drive cycles needed with no faults present to turn off the MIL F Number of warm up periods needed to erase the DTC from the computer s memory after the MIL is turned off OBD2 27 Onboard Diagnostics OBD2 MONITORS Name of Monitor A B C D E F Com
45. ct View Vehicle Info from the Enhanced Main Menu or press the ENTER FF H button from the View Vehicle Information confirmation message see THE ENHANCED MAIN MENU on page 40 the Vehicle Information menu displays The Vehicle Information menu offers two options for retrieving reference information for the vehicle under test Vehicle ID and Available Modules Retrieving Vehicle ID Information The Vehicle ID function is applicable to model year 2000 and newer OBD2 compliant vehicles The Code Reader can retrieve a list of information provided by the vehicle manufacturer unique to the vehicle under test from the vehicle s on board computer This information may include m The vehicle s VIN number m The control module identification number m The vehicle s calibration ID s These IDs uniquely identify the software version s for the vehicle s control module s m The Vehicle s Calibration Verification Number s CVNs required by ODB2 regulations CVNs are used to determine if emission related calibrations for the vehicle under test have been changed One or more CVNs may be returned by the vehicle s computer 1 On the Vehicle Information menu use the UP and DOWN buttons as necessary to highlight Vehicle ID then press the ENTER FF button 2 A One moment please message displays while the requested information is retrieved from the vehicle s computer OBD2 53 Using the Code Reader ERASING DIA
46. ecautions to avoid accidents that can result in personal injury and or damage to your vehicle or test equipment Always read your vehicle s service manual and follow its safety precautions before and during any test or service procedure ALWAYS observe the following general safety precautions When an engine is running it produces carbon monoxide a toxic and poisonous gas To prevent serious injury or death from carbon monoxide poisoning operate the vehicle ONLY in a well ventilated area To protect your eyes from propelled objects as well as hot or caustic liquids always wear approved safety eye protection When an engine is running many parts such as the coolant fan pulleys fan belt etc turn at high speed To avoid serious injury always be aware of moving parts Keep a safe distance from these parts as well as other potentially moving objects Engine parts become very hot when the engine is running To prevent severe burns avoid contact with hot engine parts Before starting an engine for testing or troubleshooting make sure the parking brake is engaged Put the transmission in park for automatic transmission or neutral for manual transmission Block the drive wheels with suitable blocks Connecting or disconnecting test equipment when the ignition is ON can damage test equipment and the vehicle s electronic components Turn the ignition OFF before connecting the Code Reader to or disconnecting the Code Reader from
47. eeded for each individual Monitor to run and complete varies OBD2 Onboard Diagnostics DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODES DTCs m OBD2 Drive Cycle An OBD2 Drive Cycle is an extended set of driving procedures that takes into consideration the various types of driving conditions encountered in real life These conditions may include starting the vehicle when it is cold driving the vehicle at a steady speed cruising accelerating etc An OBD2 Drive Cycle begins when the ignition key is turned On when cold and ends when the vehicle has been driven in such a way as to have all the Enabling Criteria met for all its applicable Monitors Only those trips that provide the Enabling Criteria for all Monitors applicable to the vehicle to run and complete their individual diagnostic tests qualify as an OBD2 Drive Cycle OBD2 Drive Cycle requirements vary from one model of vehicle to another Vehicle manufacturers set these procedures Consult your vehicle s service manual for OBD2 Drive Cycle procedures Do not confuse a Trip Drive Cycle with an OBD2 Drive Cycle N A Trip Drive Cycle provides the Enabling Criteria for one specific Monitor to run and complete its diagnostic testing An OBD2 Drive Cycle must meet the Enabling Criteria for all Monitors on a particular vehicle to run and complete their diagnostic testing m Warm up Cycle Vehicle operation after an engine off period where engine temperature rises a
48. ehicle manu facturers The standards for generic DTCs as well as their definitions are set by the Society of Automotive Engineers SAE Manufacturer Specific DTCs are codes that are controlled by the vehicle manufacturers The Federal Government does not require vehicle manufacturers to go beyond the standardized generic DTCs in order to comply with the new OBD2 emissions standards However manufacturers are free to expand beyond the standardized codes to make their systems easier to diagnose m The 3rd character is a numeric digit It identifies the specific system or sub system where the problem is located m The 4th and 5th characters are numeric digits They identify the section of the system that is malfunctioning OBD2 DTC EXAMPLE P0201 Injector Circuit Malfunction Cylinder 1 B Body C Chassis P Powertrain U Network 0 Generic 1 Manufacturer Specific 2 Generic 3 Includes both Generic and Manufacturer Specific Codes Identifies the system where the problem is located 1 Fuel and Air Metering 2 Fuel and Air Metering injector circuit malfunction only 3 Ignition System or Misfire 4 Auxiliary Emission Control System 5 Vehicle Speed Control and Idle Control System 6 Computer Output Circuits 7 Transmission 8 Transmission Identifies what section of the system is malfunctioning 20 OBD2 Onboard Diagnostics DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODES DTCs DTCs and
49. ems and make this information readily available with the proper equipment to the technician for evaluation The California Air Resources Board CARB conducted studies on OBD1 equipped vehicles The information that was gathered from these studies showed the following OBD1 System m large number of vehicles had deteriorating or degraded emissions related components These components were causing an increase in emissions 16 OBD2 Onboard Diagnostics COMPUTER ENGINE CONTROLS m Because OBD1 systems only detect failed components the degraded components were not setting codes m Some emissions problems related to degraded components only occur when the vehicle is being driven under a load The emission checks being conducted at the time were not performed under simulated driving conditions As a result a significant number of vehicles with degraded components were passing Emissions Tests m Codes code definitions diagnostic connectors communication protocols and emissions terminology were different for each manufacturer This caused confusion for the technicians working on different make and model vehicles To address the problems made evident by this study CARB and the EPA passed new laws and standardization requirements These laws required that vehicle manufacturers to equip their new vehicles with devices capable of meeting all of the new emissions standards and regulations It was also decided that an enhanced
50. en General Motors Isuzu Enhanced DTCs 48 When View Enhanced DTCs is selected from the Enhanced Main Menu and GM Isuzu is selected if prompted the GM Isuzu Enhanced menu displays You may view the MIL DTC Current DTC Fail Since Clear DTC or History DTC 1 Use the UP and DOWN buttons as necessary to highlight the desired option then press the ENTER FF button m A One moment please message displays while the Code Reader retrieves the selected DTCs OBD2 Using the Code Reader VIEWING ENHANCED DTCS m If the Code Reader fails to link to the vehicles computer a Linking Failed message shows on the Code Reader s display Verify the ignition is ON then press the ENTER FF button to continue 2 To read the display Refer to DISPLAY FUNCTIONS on page 12 for a description Sr of LCD display elements m A visible icon indicates that the Code Reader is being powered through the vehicle s DLC connector m A visible icon indicates that the Code Reader is linked to communicating with the vehicle s computer m The upper right hand corner of the display shows the number of the code currently being displayed the total number of codes retrieved m The Diagnostic Trouble Code DTC and related code definition are shown in the lower section of the LCD display Se MONITOR STATUS icons are not displayed when viewing enhanced DTCs In t
51. en the Code Readers cable connector is properly connected to the vehicle s DLC the unit automatically turns ON and the LCD display shows instructions for linking to the vehicle s on board computer 34 OBD2 Using the Code Reader CODE RETRIEVAL PROCEDURE m the unit does not power on automatically when connected to the vehicle s DLC connector it usually indicates there is no power present at the vehicle s DLC connector Check your fuse panel and replace any burned out fuses m f replacing the fuse s does not correct the problem consult your vehicle s repair manual to identify the proper computer PCM fuse circuit and perform any necessary repairs before proceeding Turn the ignition on DO NOT start the engine Press and release the Code Reader s POWER LINK button m The Code Reader will automatically start a check of the vehicle s computer to determine which type of communication protocol it is using When the Code Reader identifies the computers communication protocol a communication link is established The protocol type used by the vehicle s computer is shown on the LCD display A PROTOCOL is a set of rules and procedures for N regulating data transmission between computers and between testing equipment computers As of this writing five different types of protocols ISO 9141 Keyword 2000 J1850 PWM J1850 VPW and are in use by vehicle manufacturers The Code Reader automatically identifie
52. he case of long code definitions or when viewing Freeze Frame data a small arrow is shown in the upper lower right hand corner of the code display area to indicate the presence of additional information Use the buttons as necessary to view the additional information m The Code Reader will display a code only if codes are present in the vehicle s computer memory If no codes are present a No Enhanced DTC s are presently stored in the vehicle s computer is displayed Press the ENTER FF button to return to the GM Enhanced menu 3 If more than one code was retrieved press the DTC SCROLL E button as necessary to display additional codes one at a time m Whenever the Scroll function is used to view additional codes the Code Readers communication link with the vehicle s computer disconnects To re establish communication press the LINK button again 4 When the last retrieved DTC has been displayed and the DTC SCROLL EB button is pressed the Code Reader returns to the GM Isuzu Enhanced menu OBD2 49 Using the Code Reader VIEWING ENHANCED DTCS m Toview additionalenhanced DTCs repeat steps 1 through 4 above m To exit the enhanced mode use the UP and DOWN buttons as necessary to select Exit from the GM Isuzu Enhanced menu then press the ENTER FF button The Code Reader returns to the OBD2 DTC screen Honda Acura Enhanced DTCs When View Enhanced DTCs is selected from the Enh
53. he computer does not command the MIL on at this time If the fault is sensed again on the second trip the computer commands the MIL On and saves the code in its long term memory Evaporative System EVAP Monitor OBD2 vehicles are equipped with a fuel Evaporative system EVAP that helps prevent fuel vapors from evaporating into the air The EVAP system carries fumes from the fuel tank to the engine where they are burned during combustion The EVAP system may consist of a charcoal canister fuel tank cap purge solenoid vent solenoid flow monitor leak detector and connecting tubes lines and hoses Fumes are carried from the fuel tank to the charcoal canister by hoses or tubes The fumes are stored in the charcoal canister The computer controls the flow of fuel vapors from the charcoal canister to the engine via a purge solenoid The computer energizes or de energizes the purge solenoid depending on solenoid design The purge solenoid opens a valve to allow engine vacuum to draw the fuel vapors from the canister into the engine where the vapors are burned The EVAP Monitor checks for proper fuel vapor flow to the engine and pressurizes the system to test for leaks The computer runs this Monitor once per trip The EVAP Monitor is a Two Trip Monitor If a fault is found on the first trip the computer temporarily saves the fault in its memory as a Pending Code The computer does not command the MIL on at this time If the fault i
54. hich of the vehicle s Monitors have run and completed their diagnosis and testing and which ones have not yet run and completed testing and diagnosis of their designated sections of the vehicle s emissions system m Monitor was able to meet all the conditions required to enable it to perform the self diagnosis and testing of its assigned engine system it means the monitor HAS RUN m f a Monitor has not yet met all the conditions required for it to perform the self diagnosis and testing of its assigned engine system it means the Monitor HAS NOT RUN The Monitor Run Not Run status does not show whether up or not a problem exists in a system Monitor status only indicates whether a particular Monitor has or has not run and performed the self diagnosis and testing of its associated system Performing I M Readiness Quick Check When a vehicle first comes from the factory all Monitors indicate a HAVE RUN status This indicates that all Monitors have run and completed their diagnostic testing The HAVE RUN status remains in the computer s memory unless the Diagnostic Trouble Codes are erased or the vehicle s computer memory is cleared OBD2 57 Using the Code Reader I M READINESS TESTING 58 The Code Reader allows you to retrieve Monitor System Status Information to help you determine if the vehicle is ready for an Emissions Test Smog Check In addition to retrieving Diagnostic Trouble Codes the Code Reader
55. icator Lamp also referred to as Check Engine light OBD1 On Board Diagnostics Version 1 also referred to as OBD OBD2 On Board Diagnostics Version 2 also referred to as OBD II On Board Computer The central processing unit in the vehicle s computer control system PCM Powertrain Control Module Pending Code A code recorded on the first trip for a two trip code If the fault that caused the code to be set is not detected on the second trip the code is automatically erased STFT Short Term Fuel Trim is a program in the vehicle s computer designed to add or subtract fuel from the vehicle to compensate for operating conditions that vary from the ideal A F ratio The vehicle uses this program to make minor fuel adjustments fine tune on a short term basis Trip Drive Cycle Vehicle operation that provides the necessary driving condition to enable a vehicle Monitor to run and complete its diagnostic testing VECI Vehicle Emission Control Information Decal OBD2 63 64 OBD2 Warranty and Servicing LIMITED ONE YEAR WARRANTY The Manufacturer warrants to the original purchaser that this unit is free of defects in materials and workmanship under normal use and maintenance for a period of one 1 year from the date of original purchase If the unit fails within the one 1 year period it will be repaired or replaced at the Manufacturer s option at no charge when returned prepaid to
56. ilable the To Link screen displays m f you entered a Manufacturer Specific DTC DTCs that start with P1 and some P3 The Select Manufacturer screen displays Use the UP 2 and DOWN 2 buttons as necessary to highlight the appropriate manufacturer then press the ENTER FF button to display the correct DTC for your vehicle Se If a definition for the DTC you entered is not available an advisory message shows on the CanOBD2 Code Reader s display 4 If you wish to view definitions for additional DTCs press the ENTER FF button to return to the DTC Library Screen and repeat steps 2 and 3 5 When all desired DTCs have been viewed press the ERASE button to exit the DTC Library 8 OBD2 About the Code Reader ADJUSTMENTS SETTINGS AND DTC LIBRARY Selecting the Display Language 1 Use the UP and DOWN buttons as necessary to highlight Select Language in the MENU then press the ENTER FF button m The Select Language screen displays m The currently selected display Language is highlighted 2 Press the UP or DOWN button as necessary to highlight the desired display language 3 When the desired display language is high lighted press the ENTER FF 4 button to save your changes and return to the MENU shown in the selected display language Setting the Unit of Measurement 1 Use the UP and DOWN buttons as necessary
57. ill remain in the Code Readers memory and may be viewed at any time by turning the unit On If the Code Reader s batteries are removed or if the Code Reader is re linked to a vehicle to retrieve codes data any prior codes data in its memory are automatically cleared THE ENHANCED MAIN MENU Following the code retrieval procedure see CODE RETRIEVAL PROCEDURE on page 34 when the last retrieved DTC has been displayed and the DTC SCROLL button is pressed the Code Reader enters the enhanced mode The enhanced mode provides the ability to retrieve enhanced DTCs from most Chrysler Jeep Ford Mazda GM Isuzu Honda Acura and Toyota Lexus vehicles The types of enhanced data available depends on the vehicle make You can also retrieve Anti Lock Brake System ABS DTCs and view vehicle information which includes the vehicle s VIN number calibration ID s and other related information as well as a list of available modules for the vehicle 40 OBD2 Using the Code Reader THE ENHANCED MAIN MENU ABS DTCs are available for Chrysler Jeep Ford and GM up vehicles only Vehicle information is available for model year 2000 and newer OBD2 compliant vehicles only The screen shown when the Code Reader enters the enhanced mode depends on the type s of DTC s returned during the code retrieval process m f no DTCs were retrieved or only generic DTCs were retrieved the Enhanced Menu displays Use the UP and DOWN
58. ir diagnostic u testing then the issue of the vehicle being ready for an Emissions Test Smog Check depends on the emissions regulations and laws of your local area Some areas require that all Monitors indicate a Has Run status before they allow an Emissions Test Smog Check to be performed Other areas only require that some but not all Monitors have run their self diagnostic testing before an Emissions Test Smog Check may be performed From the code retrieval procedure determine the status of each Monitor a solid Monitor icon shows Monitor Has Run status a flashing Monitor icon indicates Has Not Run status Take this information to an emissions professional to determine based on your test results if your vehicle is ready for an Emissions Test Smog Check 3 RED LED Indicates there is a problem with one or more of the vehicle s systems adima ra p g A vehicle displaying a red LED is definitely Sasso UL not ready for an Emissions Test Smog Check The red LED is also an indication that there are Diagnostic Trouble Code s present displayed on the Code Reader s screen The Multifunction Indicator Check Engine Lamp on the vehicle s instrument panel will light steady The problem that is causing the red LED to light must be repaired before an Emissions Test Smog Check can be performed It is also suggested that the vehicle be inspected repaired before driving the vehicle further If the
59. ith 01 This number indicates which code is currently displayed Code number 01 is always the highest priority code and the one for which Freeze Frame data has been stored Sp If 01 is a Pending code there may or may not be Freeze Frame data stored in memory 14 Code Enumerator Indicates the total number of codes retrieved from the vehicle s computer 15 Generic DTC icon When visible indicates that the currently displayed DTC is a generic or universal code 16 M Manufacturer Specific DTC icon When visible indicates that the currently displayed DTC is a Manufacturer Specific Code OBD2 13 Onboard Diagnostics COMPUTER ENGINE CONTROLS COMPUTER ENGINE CONTROLS The Introduction of Electronic Engine Controls 14 Electronic Computer Control Systems make it possible for vehicle manufacturers to comply with the tougher emissions and fuel efficiency standards mandated by State and Federal Governments As a result of increased air pollution smog in large cities such as Los Angeles the California Air Resources Board CARB and the Environmental Protection Agency EPA set new regulations and air pollution standards to deal with the problem To further complicate matters the energy crisis of the early 1970s caused a sharp increase in fuel prices over a short period As a result vehicle manufacturers were not only required to comply with the new emissions standards they also had to m
60. ither the Continuous Memory Test KOEO Key On Engine Off Test or KOER Key On Engine Running Test 1 Use the UP and DOWN buttons as necessary to highlight the desired option then press the ENTER FF button When choosing to view KOER Test DTCs start the vehicle s engine before making your selection m A One moment please message displays while the Code Reader retrieves the selected DTCs m If the Code Reader fails to link to the vehicles computer a Linking Failed message shows on the Code Reader s Display Verify the ignition is ON then press the ENTER FF 4 button to continue m f the KOER Test was selected and the vehicle s engine is not running an advisory message shows on the Code Reader s display Start the vehicle s engine then press the ENTER FF F button to continue 2 To read the display Refer to DISPLAY FUNCTIONS on page 12 for a description of LCD display elements m A visible icon indicates that the Code Reader is being powered through the vehicle s DLC connector m A visible icon indicates that the Code Reader is linked to communicating with the vehicle s computer m The upper right hand corner of the display shows the number of the code currently being displayed the total number of codes retrieved m The Diagnostic Trouble Code DTC and related code definition are shown in the lower section of the LCD display MONITOR
61. k plugs are clean and in good condition Check for damaged loose disconnected or missing spark plug wires Make sure the battery terminals are clean and tight Check for corrosion or broken connections Check for proper battery and charging system voltages Check all electrical wiring and harnesses for proper connection Make sure wire insulation is in good condition and there are no bare wires Make sure the engine is mechanically sound If needed perform a compression check engine vacuum check timing check if applica ble etc OBD2 Preparation for Testing VEHICLE SERVICE MANUALS VEHICLE SERVICE MANUALS Always refer to the manufacturer s service manual for your vehicle before performing any test or repair procedures Contact your local car dealership auto parts store or bookstore for availability of these manuals The following companies publish valuable repair manuals m Haynes Publications 861 Lawrence Drive Newbury Park California 91320 Phone 800 442 9637 m Mitchell International 14145 Danielson Street Poway California 92064 Phone 888 724 6742 m Motor Publications 5600 Crooks Road Suite 200 Troy Michigan 48098 SF Phone 800 426 6867 FACTORY SOURCES Ford GM Chrysler Honda Isuzu Hyundai and Subaru Service Manuals m Helm Inc 14310 Hamilton Avenue Highland Park Michigan 48203 Phone 800 782 4356 OBD2 33 Using the Code Reader CODE RETRIEVAL PROCEDURE CODE RETRIEVAL PROC
62. l Certified VEHICLE EMISSION CONTROL INFORMATION ENGINE FAMILY EFN2 6YBT2BA OBD II DISPLACEMENT 2 6L CERTIFIED x VEHICLE ruis VEHICLE CONFORMS TO U S EPA AND STATE a MANUFACTURER OF CALIFORNIA REGULATIONS APPLICABLE TO 1999 MODEL YEAR NEW TLEV PASSENGER CARS OBD Il REFER TO SERVICE MANUAL FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION TUNE UP CONDITIONS NORMAL OPERATING ENGINE TEMPERATURE CERTIFIED ACCESSORIES OFF COOLING FAN OFF TRANSMISSION IN NEUTRAL EXHAUST EMISSIONS STANDARDS STANDARD CATEGORY CERTIFICATION IN USE TLEV TLEV INTERMEDIATE emere CATALYST lll GAP 1 1MM 2 Government Regulations require that all E on OBD2 compliant vehicles must have a 12345678 common sixteen pin Data Link 119 10111213141516 Connector DLC Some 1994 and 1995 vehicles have 16 pin connectors but are rN not OBD2 compliant Only those vehicles with a Vehicle Emissions Control Label stating OBD II Certified are OBD2 compliant Data Link Connector DLC Location The 16 pin DLC is usually located under the instrument panel dash within 12 inches 300 mm of center of the panel on the drivers side of most vehicles It should be easily accessible and visible from a kneeling position outside the g NEAR vehicle with the open LEFTCORNER OFDASH SS OF DASH OBD2 5 About the Code Reader BATTERY REPLACEMENT ADJUSTMENTS SETTINGS AND
63. le to a Service Center for repair DO NOT erase the codes from the vehicle s computer If the codes are erased valuable information that might help the technician troubleshoot the problem will also be erased Erase DTCs from the computer s memory as follows 54 OBD2 Using the Code Reader ERASING DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODES DTCs When DTCs are erased from the vehicle s computer memory SN the I M Readiness Monitor Status program resets the status of all Monitors to a not run flashing condition To set all of the Monitors to a DONE status an OBD2 Drive Cycle must be performed Refer to your vehicles service manual for information on how to perform an OBD2 Drive Cycle for the vehicle under test Ee The Code Reader must be connected to the vehicle s DLC to erase the codes from the computer s memory If you press the ERASE button when the Code Reader is not connected to the vehicles DLC the erase instruction screen displays The Erase function can be performed only from the OBD2 DTC screen function cannot be performed while the Code Reader is in enhanced mode 1 If not connected already connect the Code Reader to the vehicle s DLC and turn the ignition On If the Code Reader is already connected and linked to the vehicle s computer proceed directly to step 4 If not continue to step 2 2 Turn the ignition on DO NOT start the engine Press and release the POWER LINK button
64. lled Monitors Currently a maximum of eleven Monitors are used in OBD2 systems Additional monitors may be added as a result of Government regulations as the OBD2 system grows and matures Not all vehicles support all eleven Monitors Monitor operation is either Continuous or Non Continuous depending on the specific monitor Continuous Monitors Three of these Monitors are designed to constantly monitor their associated components and or systems for proper operation Continuous Monitors run constantly when the engine is running The Continuous Monitors are Comprehensive Component Monitor CCM Misfire Monitor Fuel System Monitor OBD2 Onboard Diagnostics OBD2 MONITORS Non Continuous Monitors The other eight Monitors are non continuous Monitors Non continuous Monitors perform and complete their testing once per trip The non continuous Monitors are D Oxygen Sensor Monitor Oxygen Sensor Heater Monitor Catalyst Monitor Heated Catalyst Monitor EGR System Monitor EVAP System Monitor Secondary Air System Monitor Air Conditioning A C Monitor The following provides a brief explanation of the function of each Monitor Comprehensive Component Monitor CCM This Monitor continuously checks inputs and outputs from sensors actuators switches and other devices that provide a signal to the computer The Monitor checks for shorts opens out of range value fu
65. me type of first generation On Board Diagnostics Beginning in 1988 California s Air Resources Board CARB and later the Environmental Protection Agency EPA required vehicle manufacturers to include a self diagnostic program in their on board computers The program would be capable of identifying emissions related faults in a system The first generation of Onboard Diagnostics came to be known as OBD1 OBD1 is a set of self testing and diagnostic instructions programmed into the vehicle s on board computer The programs are specifically designed to detect failures in the sensors actuators switches and wiring of the various vehicle emissions related systems If the computer detects a failure in any of these components or systems it lights an indicator on the dashboard to alert the driver The indicator lights only when an emissions related problem is detected The computer also assigns a numeric code for each specific problem that it detects and stores these codes in its memory for later retrieval These codes can be retrieved from the computer s memory with the use of a Code Reader or a Scan Tool On Board Diagnostics Second Generation OBD2 addition to performing all the functions of the OBD1 System the 2 System has been enhanced with na new Diagnostic Programs These programs closely monitor the functions of various emissions related compo nents and systems as well as other syst
66. n for an Emissions Test or Smog Check where the emissions related components and systems are inspected and tested for proper operation Emissions Tests are generally performed once a year or once every two years On OBD2 systems the I M program is enhanced by requiring vehicles to meet stricter test standards One of the tests instituted by the Federal Government is called I M 240 On I M 240 the vehicle under test is driven under different speeds and load conditions on a dynamometer for 240 seconds while the vehicle s emissions are measured Emissions tests vary depending on the geographic or regional Sr area in which the vehicle is registered If the vehicle is registered in a highly urbanized area the I M 240 is probably the type of test required If the vehicle is registered in a rural area the stricter dynamometer type test may not be required I M Readiness Monitors I M Readiness shows whether the various emissions related systems on the vehicle are operating properly and are ready for Inspection and Maintenance testing State and Federal Governments enacted Regulations Procedures and Emission Standards to ensure that all emissions related components and systems are continuously or periodically monitored tested and diagnosed whenever the vehicle is in operation It also requires vehicle manufacturers to automatically detect and report any problems or faults that may increase the vehicle s emissions to an unaccept
67. nctionality and rationality Rationality Each input signal is compared against all other inputs and against information in the computer s memory to see if it makes sense under the current operating conditions Example The signal from the throttle position sensor indicates the vehicle is in a wide open throttle condition but the vehicle is really at idle and the idle condition is confirmed by the signals from all other sensors Based on the input data the computer determines that the signal from the throttle position sensor is not rational does not make sense when compared to the other inputs In this case the signal would fail the rationality test The CCM may be either a One Trip or a Two Trip Monitor depending on the component Fuel System Monitor This Monitor uses a Fuel System Correction program called Fuel Trim inside the on board computer Fuel Trim is a set of positive and negative values that represent adding or subtracting fuel from the engine This program is used to correct for a lean too much air not enough fuel or rich too much fuel not enough air air fuel mixture The program is designed to add or subtract fuel as needed up to a certain percent If the correction needed is too large and exceeds the time and percent allowed by the program a fault is indicated by the computer The Fuel System Monitor may be a One Trip or Two Trip Monitor depending on the severity of the problem OBD2 23 Onboa
68. ndicates that the Code Reader is linked to a personal computer An optional PC Link Kit is available that makes it possible to upload retrieved data to a personal computer Code Reader Internal Battery icon When visible indicates the Code Reader batteries are low and should be replaced If the batteries are not replaced when the battery symbol amp is all LEDs will light up as a last resort indicator to warn you that the batteries need replacement No data will be displayed on screen when all 3 LEDs are lit OBD2 Code Reader Controls DISPLAY FUNCTIONS 7 DTC Display Area Displays the Diagnostic Trouble Code DTC number Each fault is assigned a code number that is specific to that fault 8 Test Data Display Area Displays DTC definitions Freeze Frame data and other pertinent test information messages 9 FREEZE FRAME icon Indicates that there is Freeze Frame data from Priority Code Code 1 stored in the vehicle s computer memory 10 HISTORY icon Indicates the currently displayed DTC is a History code 11 PENDING icon Indicates the currently displayed DTC is a Pending code 12 MIL icon Indicates the status of the Malfunction Indicator Lamp MIL The MIL icon is visible only when a DTC has commanded the MIL on the vehicle s dashboard to light 13 Code Number Sequence The Code Reader assigns a sequence number to each DTC that is present in the computer s memory starting w
69. nication link with the vehicle s computer disconnects To re establish communication press the LINK button again 11 Freeze Frame Data if available can be viewed at any time except MENU mode by pressing the ENTER FF button m In OBD 2 systems when emissions related engine malfunc tion occurs that causes a DTC to set a record or snapshot of engine conditions at the time that the malfunction occurred is also saved in the vehicle s computer memory The record saved is called Freeze Frame data Saved engine condi tions include but are not limited to engine speed open or closed loop operation fuel system commands coolant temperature calculated load value fuel pressure vehicle speed air flow rate and intake manifold pressure If more than one malfunction is present that causes more we than one DTC to be set only the code with the highest priority will contain Freeze Frame data The code designated 01 on the Code Reader display is referred to as the PRIORITY code and Freeze Frame data always refers to this code The priority code is also the one that has commanded the MIL on Sp If Freeze Frame data is not available for the code shown on the LCD display when the ENTER FF button is pressed an advisory message shows on the LCD display Press the DTC SCROLL Y button to return to the previous code display OBD2 39 Using the Code Reader THE ENHANCED MAIN MENU Retrieved information can
70. nitor Some Monitors only require the ignition key to be turned On for them to run and complete their diagnostic testing Others may require a set of complex procedures such as starting the vehicle when cold bringing it to operating temperature and driving the vehicle under specific conditions before the Monitor can run and complete its diagnostic testing Monitor Has Has Not Run The terms Monitor has run or Monitor has not run are used throughout this manual Monitor has run means the PCM has commanded a particular Monitor to perform the required diagnostic testing on a system to ensure the System is operating correctly within factory specifications The term Monitor has not run means the PCM has not yet commanded a particular Monitor to perform diagnostic testing on its associated part of the emissions system Trip A Trip for a particular Monitor requires that the vehicle is being driven in such a way that all the required Enabling Criteria for the Monitor to run and complete its diagnostic testing are met The Trip Drive Cycle for a particular Monitor begins when the ignition key is turned On It is successfully completed when all the Enabling Criteria for the Monitor to run and complete its diagnostic testing are met by the time the ignition key is turned Off Since each of the eleven monitors is designed to run diagnostics and testing on a different part of the engine or emissions system the Trip Drive Cycle n
71. on Use the and buttons as necessary io view the additional information m The Code Reader will display a code only if codes are present in the vehicle s computer memory If no codes are present a No Enhanced DTC s are presently stored in the vehicle s computer is displayed Press the ENTER FF button to return to the Chrysler Enhanced menu 3 If more than one code was retrieved press the DTC SCROLL button as necessary to display additional codes one at a time m Whenever the Scroll function is used to view additional codes the Code Readers communication link with the vehicle s computer disconnects To re establish communication press the LINK button again 4 When the last retrieved DTC has been displayed and the DTC SCROLL A button is pressed the Code Reader returns to the Chrysler Enhanced menu m To view additional enhanced DTCs repeat steps 1 through 4 above m To exit the enhanced mode use the UP e and DOWN buttons as necessary to select Exit from the Chrysler Enhanced menu then press the ENTER FF button The Code Reader returns to the OBD2 DTC screen Ford Mazda Enhanced DTCs Mazda Enhanced DTCs are available for Mazda branded Ford vehicles only 46 OBD2 Using the Code Reader VIEWING ENHANCED DTCS When View Enhanced DTCs is selected from the Enhanced Main Menu and Ford Mazda is selected if prompted the Ford Mazda Enhanced menu displays You may view DTCs for e
72. on board diagnostic system capable of addressing all of these problems was needed This new system is known as On Board Diagnostics Generation Two OBD2 The primary objective of the OBD2 system is to comply with the latest regulations and emissions standards established by CARB and the EPA The Main Objectives of the OBD2 System are m To detect degraded and or failed emissions related components or systems that could cause tailpipe emissions to exceed by 1 5 times the Federal Test Procedure FTP standard m To expand emissions related system monitoring This includes a set of computer run diagnostics called Monitors Monitors perform diagnostics and testing to verify that all emissions related components and or systems are operating correctly and within the manufacturer s specifications m To use a standardized Diagnostic Link Connector DLC in all vehicles Before OBD2 DLCs were of different shapes and sizes m To standardize the code numbers code definitions and language used to describe faults Before OBD2 each vehicle manufacturer used their own code numbers code definitions and language to describe the same faults m To expand the operation of the Malfunction Indicator Lamp MIL m To standardize communication procedures and protocols between the diagnostic equipment Scan Tools Code Readers etc and the vehicle s on board computer OBD2 Terminology The following terms and their definitions are related to OBD
73. ons and vehicle operation When the vehicle is operating in closed loop the computer uses the oxygen sensor signal for air fuel mixture corrections In order for the computer to enter closed loop operation the oxygen sensor must reach a temperature of at least 600 F The oxygen sensor heater helps the oxygen sensor reach and maintain its minimum operating temperature 600 F more quickly to bring the vehicle into closed loop operation as soon as possible The Oxygen Sensor Heater Monitor is a Two Trip Monitor If a fault is found on the first trip the computer temporarily saves the fault in its memory as a Pending Code The computer does not command the MIL on at this time If the fault is sensed again on the second trip the computer commands the MIL On and saves the code in its long term memory Oxygen Sensor Monitor The Oxygen Sensor monitors how much oxygen is in the vehicle s exhaust It generates a varying voltage of up to one volt based on how much oxygen is in the exhaust gas and sends the signal to the computer The computer uses this signal to make corrections to the air fuel mixture If the exhaust gas has a large amount of oxygen a lean air fuel mixture the oxygen sensor generates a low voltage signal If the exhaust gas has very little oxygen a rich mixture condition the oxygen sensor generates a high voltage signal A 450mV signal indicates the most efficient and least polluting air fuel ratio of 14 7 part
74. prehensive Component Monitor Continuous 1 2 1 3 40 Misfire Monitor s 3 similar Type 1 and 3 Continuous 1 2 conditions 80 Misfire Monitor 3 similar Type 2 Continuous 1 conditions 80 Fuel System Monitor 3 similar Continuous 1 10r2 1 conditions 80 Catalytic Converter Once per Monitor trip 1 L 3 trips 40 Oxygen Sensor Once per Monitor trip 1 2 1 Snips iid Oxygen Sensor Once per Heater Monitor trip 1 2 10 Recirculation EGR OncePer 4 2 1 3 trips 40 trip Monitor Evaporative Once per Emissions Controls 1 2 1 3 trips 40 trip Monitor Secondary Air Once per gt System AIR Monitor trip 1 1 amine ao 28 OBD2 Preparation for Testing PRELIMINARY VEHICLE DIAGNOSTIC WORKSHEET PRELIMINARY VEHICLE DIAGNOSTIC WORKSHEET The purpose of this form is to help you gather preliminary information on your vehicle before you retrieve codes By having a complete account of your vehicle s current problem s you will be able to systematically pinpoint the problem s by comparing your answers to the fault codes you retrieve You can also provide this information to your mechanic to assist in diagnosis and help avoid costly and unnecessary repairs It is important for you to complete this form to help you and or your mechanic have a clear understanding of your vehicle s problems NAME DATE VIN YEAR MAKE MODEL ENGINE SIZE VEHICLE MILEAGE
75. rd Diagnostics OBD2 MONITORS Misfire Monitor This Monitor continuously checks for engine misfires A misfire occurs when the air fuel mixture in the cylinder does not ignite The misfire Monitor uses changes in crankshaft speed to sense an engine misfire When a cylinder misfires it no longer contributes to the speed of the engine and engine speed decreases each time the affected cylinder s misfire The misfire Monitor is designed to sense engine speed fluctuations and determine from which cylinder s the misfire is coming as well as how bad the misfire is There are three types of engine misfires Types 1 2 and 3 Type 1 and Type 3 misfires are two trip monitor faults If a fault is sensed on the first trip the computer temporarily saves the fault in its memory as a Pending Code The MIL is not commanded on at this time If the fault is found again on the second trip under similar conditions of engine speed load and temperature the computer commands the MIL On and the code is saved in its long term memory Type 2 misfires are the most severe type of misfire When a Type 2 misfire is sensed on the first trip the computer commands the MIL to light when the misfire is sensed If the computer determines that a Type 2 misfire is severe and may cause catalytic converter damage it commands the MIL to flash once per second as soon as the misfire is sensed When the misfire is no longer present the MIL reverts to steady On
76. resently stored in the vehicle s computer is displayed Press the ENTER FF button to return to the ABS Menu 43 Using the Code Reader VIEWING ABS DTCS 3 If more than one code was retrieved press the DTC SCROLL F5 button as necessary to display additional codes one at a time m Whenever the Scroll function is used to view additional codes the Code Readers communication link with the vehicle s computer disconnects To re establish communication press the LINK button again 4 When the last retrieved DTC has been displayed and the DTC SCROLL button is pressed the Code Reader returns to the ABS Menu m To exit the enhanced mode use the UP and DOWN buttons as necessary to select Exit from the ABS Menu then press the ENTER FF button The Code Reader returns to the OBD2 DTC screen Erasing ABS DTCs 44 If you plan to take the vehicle to a Service Center for repair DO NOT erase the ABS DTOs from the vehicle s computer If the codes are erased valuable information that might help the technician troubleshoot the problem will be erased 1 Use the UP and DOWN buttons as necessary to highlight Erase ABS DTCs then press the ENTER FF 9 button 2 A confirmation message shows on the LCD display m f you are sure you want to proceed press the ERASE button to erase the ABS DTCs from the vehicle s computer m f you do not want to continue with the erase process press the POWE
77. s of air to one part of fuel The oxygen sensor must reach a temperature of at least 600 650 F and the engine must reach normal operating temperature for the computer to enter into closed loop operation The oxygen sensor only functions when the computer is in closed loop A properly operating oxygen sensor reacts quickly to any change in oxygen content in the exhaust stream A faulty oxygen sensor reacts slowly or its voltage signal is weak or missing The oxygen sensor is a Two Trip monitor If a fault is found on the first trip the computer temporarily saves the fault in its memory as a Pending Code The computer does not command the MIL on at this time If the fault is sensed again on the second trip the computer commands the MIL On and saves the code in its long term memory 26 OBD2 Onboard Diagnostics OBD2 MONITORS Secondary Air System Monitor When a cold engine is first started it runs in open loop mode During open loop operation the engine usually runs rich A vehicle running rich wastes fuel and creates increased emissions such as carbon monoxide and some hydrocarbons A Secondary Air System injects air into the exhaust stream to aid catalytic converter operation 1 It supplies the catalytic converter with the oxygen it needs to oxidize the carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons left over from the combustion process during engine warm up 2 The extra oxygen injected into the exhaust stream also helps the
78. s sensed again on the second trip the PCM commands the MIL On and saves the code in its long term memory Air Conditioning A C Monitor The A C Monitor senses leaks in air conditioning systems that utilize R 12 refrigerant Vehicle manufacturers have been given two options 1 Use R 12 refrigerant in their A C systems and integrate an A C Monitor in the OBD2 systems of these vehicles to detect for refrigerant leaks or 2 Use R 134 refrigerant instead of R12 The A C Monitor is not required on these vehicles To date all vehicle manufacturers have opted to use 134 in their Systems As a result this Monitor has not yet been implemented OBD2 25 Onboard Diagnostics OBD2 MONITORS Oxygen Sensor Heater Monitor The Oxygen Sensor Heater Monitor tests the operation of the oxygen sensor s heater There are two modes of operation on a computer controlled vehicle open loop and closed loop The vehicle operates in open loop when the engine is cold before it reaches normal operating temperature The vehicle also goes to open loop mode at other times such as heavy load and full throttle conditions When the vehicle is running in open loop the oxygen sensor signal is ignored by the computer for air fuel mixture corrections Engine efficiency during open loop operation is very low and results in the production of more vehicle emissions Closed loop operation is the best condition for both vehicle emissi
79. s the protocol type and establishes a communication link with the vehicle s computer 7 After approximately 4 5 seconds the Code Reader will retrieve and display any Diagnostic Trouble Codes Monitor Status and Freeze Frame Data retrieved from the vehicle s computer memory m If the Code Reader fails to link to the vehicle s computer a Linking Failed message shows on the Code Reader s LCD display Verify the connection at the DLC and verify the ignition is ON Turn the ignition OFF wait 5 seconds then turn back ON to reset the computer Ensure your vehicle is OBD2 compliant See VEHICLES COVERED on page 5 for vehicle compliance verification information OBD2 35 Using the Code Reader CODE RETRIEVAL PROCEDURE m The Code Reader will automatically re link to the vehicle s computer every 15 seconds to refresh the data being retrieved When data is being refreshed the message moment Auto link in progress is shown on the LCD display This action repeats as long as the Code Reader is communicating with the vehicle s computer m The Code Reader will display a code only if codes the Besos vehicle s computer memory If no codes are present a No DTC s or Freeze Frame data presently stored in the vehicle s computer is displayed f the ENTER FF button is pressed from the no DTCs screen the message No Powertrain DTCs Freeze Frame Da
80. selected if prompted the Toyota Lexus Enhanced menu displays Depending on the protocol used to communicate with your vehicle the Toyota Lexus Enhanced menu provides options to view m Current DTCs History DTCs or Pending DTCs m Current DTCs Historical DTCs Readiness DTCs OBD2 51 Using the Code Reader VIEWING ENHANCED DTCS 1 Use the UP and DOWN buttons as necessary to highlight the desired option then press the ENTER FF button m A One moment please message displays while the Code Reader retrieves the selected DTCs m If the Code Reader fails to link to the vehicles computer a Linking Failed message shows on the Code Reader s Display Verify the ignition is ON then press the ENTER FF button to continue 2 To read the display Refer to DISPLAY FUNCTIONS on page 12 for a description of LCD display elements m A visible icon indicates that the Code Reader is being powered through the vehicle s DLC connector m A visible icon indicates that the Code Reader is linked to communicating with the vehicle s computer m The upper right hand corner of the display shows the number of the code currently being displayed the total number of codes retrieved m The Diagnostic Trouble Code DTC and related code definition are shown in the lower section of the LCD display viewing enhanced DTCs In the case of long code definitions or when viewing Free
81. t least 40 F 22 C from its temperature before starting and reaches at least 160 F 70 C The PCM uses warm up cycles as a counter to automatically erase a specific code and related data from its memory When no faults related to the original problem are detected within a specified number of warm up cycles the code is erased automatically DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODES DTCs Diagnostic Trouble Codes DTCs are meant to guide you to the proper Diagnostic Trouble service procedure in the vehicle s Codes DTCs are service manual DO NOT replace parts codes that identify a based only on DTCs without first specific problem area consulting the vehicle s service manual for proper testing procedures for that particular system circuit or component DTCs are alphanumeric codes that are used to identify a problem that is present in any of the systems that are monitored by the on board computer PCM Each trouble code has an assigned message that identifies the circuit component or system area where the problem was found OBD2 diagnostic trouble codes are made up five characters m The 1st character is a letter It identifies the main system where the fault occurred Body Chassis Powertrain or Network m The 2nd character is a numeric digit It identifies the type of code Generic or Manufacturer Specific OBD2 19 Onboard Diagnostics DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODES DTCs Generic DTCs are codes that are used by all v
82. ta is presently stored in the Code Readers memory Press the DTC button to view your Enhanced or ABS DTC s displays Press the DTC SCROLL S button to enter the enhanced mode see THE ENHANCED MAIN MENU on page 40 m The Code Reader is capable of retrieving and storing up to 32 codes in memory for immediate or later viewing 8 To read the display Refer to DISPLAY FUNCTIONS on page 12 for a descrip N tion of LCD display elements m A visible icon indicates that the Code Reader is being powered through the vehicle s DLC connector m A visible icon indicates that the Code Reader is linked to communicating with the vehicle s computer m The I M Monitor Status icons indicate the type and number of Monitors the vehicle supports and provides indications of the current status of the vehicle s Monitors A solid Monitor icon indicates the associated Monitor has run and completed its testing A blinking Monitor icon indicates the associated Monitor has not run and completed its testing 36 OBD2 Using the Code Reader CODE RETRIEVAL PROCEDURE m The upper right hand corner of the display shows the number of the code currently being displayed the total number of codes retrieved the type of code G Generic M Manufacturer Specific and whether or not the displayed code com manded the MIL on If the code being displayed is a PENDING code the PENDING icon is shown m The Diagnostic Trouble Code D
83. the heated catalytic converter is similar to the catalytic converter The main difference is that a heater is added to bring the catalytic converter to its operating temperature more quickly This helps reduce emissions by reducing the converter s down time when the engine is cold The Heated Catalyst Monitor performs the same diagnostic tests as the catalyst Monitor and also tests the catalytic converters heater for proper operation This Monitor is also a Two Trip Monitor 24 OBD2 Onboard Diagnostics OBD2 MONITORS Exhaust Gas Recirculation EGR Monitor The Exhaust Gas Recirculation EGR system helps reduce the formation of Oxides of Nitrogen during combustion Temperatures above 2500 F cause nitrogen and oxygen to combine and form Oxides of Nitrogen in the combustion chamber To reduce the formation of Oxides of Nitrogen combustion temperatures must be kept below 2500 F The EGR system recirculates small amounts of exhaust gas back into the intake manifold where it is mixed with the incoming air fuel mixture This reduces combustion temperatures by up to 500 F The computer determines when for how long and how much exhaust gas is recirculated back to the intake manifold The EGR Monitor performs EGR system function tests at preset times during vehicle operation The EGR Monitor is a Two Trip Monitor If a fault is found on the first trip the computer temporarily saves the fault in its memory as a Pending Code T
84. trieve these codes which consumers and professionals use as a starting point for repairs The Enhanced OBD2 Code Reader provides the additional ability to retrieve enhanced data from most Chrysler Jeep Ford Mazda GM Izusu Honda Acura and Toyota Lexus vehicles as well as Anti Lock Brake System ABS DTCs and vehicle information The types of enhanced data available depends on the vehicle make To learn more about vehicle Computer Control Systems and OBD2 see COMPUTER ENGINE CONTROLS on page 14 OBD2 1 You Can Do lt EASY TO USE EASY TO VIEW EASY TO DEFINE Easy To Use m Connect the Code Reader to the vehicle s test connector m Turn the ignition key On m Press the LINK button Easy To View m The Code Reader retrieves stored codes Freeze Frame data and I M oaa saras mh Readiness status OSSOS n 1 m Codes I M Readiness status and Freeze Frame data are displayed on the Code Readers LCD display screen System status is indicated by LED indicators Easy To m Read code definitions from the Code Reader s LCD display m View Freeze Frame data 2 OBD2 Safety Precautions SAFETY FIRST SAFETY FIRST To avoid personal injury instrument damage and or damage to your vehicle do not use the OBD2 Code Reader before reading this manual This manual describes common test procedures used by experienced service technicians Many test procedures require pr
85. utput devices They perform actions in response to commands received from the computer The on board computer receives information inputs from sensors and switches located throughout the engine These devices monitor critical engine conditions such as coolant temperature engine speed engine load throttle position air fuel ratio etc The computer compares the values received from these sensors with its preset reference values and makes corrective actions as needed so that the sensor values always match the preset reference values for the current driving condition The computer makes adjustments by commanding other devices such as the fuel injectors idle air control EGR valve or Ignition Module to perform these actions TYPICAL COMPUTER OUTPUT DEVICES CONTROL SYSTEM Fuel Injectors Idle Air Control EGR Valve Ignition Module 2 N On Board Computer INPUT DEVICES Coolant Temperature Sensor Throttle Position Sensor Fuel Injectors INPUT DEVICES Oxygen Sensors OBD2 15 Onboard Diagnostics COMPUTER ENGINE CONTROLS Vehicle operating conditions are constantly changing The computer continuously makes adjustments or corrections especially to the air fuel mixture and spark timing to keep all the engine systems operating within the preset reference values On Board Diagnostics First Generation OBD1 With the exception of some 1994 and 1995 vehicles most vehicles from 1982 to 1995 are equipped with so
86. ze Frame data a small arrow is shown in the upper lower right hand corner of the code display area to indicate the presence of additional information Use the e and buttons as necessary to view the additional information Se MONITOR STATUS icons are not displayed when m The Code Reader will display a code only if codes are present in the vehicle s computer memory If no codes are present a No Enhanced DTC s are presently stored in the vehicle s computer is displayed Press the ENTER FF 9 button to return to the Toyota Lexus Enhanced menu 3 If more than one code was retrieved press the DTC SCROLL PA button as necessary to display additional codes one at a time 52 OBD2 Using the Code Reader VIEWING VEHICLE INFORMATION m Whenever the Scroll function is used to view additional codes the Code Readers communication link with the vehicle s computer disconnects To re establish communication press the LINK button again 4 When the last retrieved DTC has been displayed and the DTC SCROLL FEA button is pressed the Code Reader returns to the Toyota Lexus Enhanced menu m To view additional enhanced DTCs repeat steps 1 through 4 above m To exit the enhanced mode use the UP and DOWN buttons as necessary to select Exit from the Toyota Lexus Enhanced menu then press the ENTER FF button The Code Reader returns to the OBD2 DTC screen VIEWING VEHICLE INFORMATION When you sele

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